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ARPAnet's TCP/IP Transition in 1983

In 1983, the ARPANET transitioned from the Network Control Program to TCP/IP protocols, marking the beginning of the modern Internet. ARPANET was a military network created in 1969 to allow computer sharing and communication between universities. It used a packet switching approach and refined TCP in 1974. In 1982, TCP/IP was adopted as the standard for different connected networks, called the Internet. This allowed the Internet to expand globally in the 1990s beyond academic and research use.

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178 views2 pages

ARPAnet's TCP/IP Transition in 1983

In 1983, the ARPANET transitioned from the Network Control Program to TCP/IP protocols, marking the beginning of the modern Internet. ARPANET was a military network created in 1969 to allow computer sharing and communication between universities. It used a packet switching approach and refined TCP in 1974. In 1982, TCP/IP was adopted as the standard for different connected networks, called the Internet. This allowed the Internet to expand globally in the 1990s beyond academic and research use.

Uploaded by

Melody Bautista
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1983

ARPAnet Transitions to TCP/IP

The ARPAnet changes its core networking protocols from Network Control Programs to the
more flexible and powerful TCP/IP protocol suite, marking the start of the modern Internet.

ARPANET
The Internet has become part of everyday life, and it is difficult to imagine a world without it. The
Internet as we know it today, however, is quite recent. Let's take time for a quick look at how the
Internet came to be.

The Internet has its origins in the Cold War. In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first satellite,
Sputnik. In response, the United States created the Advanced Research Projects Agency, or ARPA.
The plan emerged to create a communication network that would not be vulnerable to a nuclear
attack. The basic idea was to use a distributed network and break messages into blocks to route
over this network.

This specific military network was never built, but ARPA proceeded with working on a network for
more general communication purposes, in particular to share research. In 1969, ARPANET was
created, connecting computers at four universities across the country.

The network used a packet-switching approach, with messages broken up into arbitrary packets that
were routed across the network. By 1974, this protocol was refined as the Transmission Control
Program, or TCP. The document describing TCP used the term 'internet' for the first time, as
shorthand for 'internetworking.' The term was not yet used to describe the actual network.

ARPANET grew in the next several years, with several other separate networks emerging at the
same time, including the Computer Science Network (CSNET). The idea emerged to have multiple
networks connected in a network of networks.

In addition to the existing TCP protocol, the Internet Protocol, or IP, was developed to ensure
packets of information routed over a network were delivered to the right destination. In 1982, the
combined TCP/IP protocols were adopted as the communication standard for different networks.
This is when the term 'Internet' became widely used to describe the concept of a worldwide network
or connected networks.

A high-speed backbone for the network was built by the National Science Foundation to connect
supercomputing centers. Local networks were allowed to connect to this backbone, and this really
made the Internet viable as a way to communicate between different networks. For a number of
years, the Internet was mostly used by university researchers and defense contractors, but by the
early 1990s, private companies also started using the Internet.

Meanwhile, local networks were developing in other regions, in particular in Europe. These networks
also started using TCP/IP, and gradually, the Internet expanded across the globe.
200 . Fixed wireless, high-speed Internet technology is now seen as a viable alternative to copper and fiber optic
0 lines placed in the ground.

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