Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook

TENNESSEE

EROSION & SEDIMENT

CONTROL
HANDBOOK
A Guide for Protection of State Waters
through the use of Best Management Practices
during Land Disturbing Activities
Second Edition

MARCH 2002
TENNESSEE
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL HANDBOOK
A Guide for Protection of State Waters

through the use of Best Management Practices
during Land Disturbing Activities
prepared by
John C. Price
Environmental Specialist
Division of Water Pollution Control
and
Robert Karesh
(formerly)
Environmental Specialist
Second Edition
March 2002
Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation

PREFACE
Construction activities near streams, The use of the words ‘shall’, ‘will’,
rivers and lakes have the potential to cause and ‘must’ within the standards in this
water pollution and stream degradation if handbook is meant to emphasize the
erosion and sediment controls are not guidelines that ensure that the BMP will
properly installed and maintained. In order to serve its intended purpose.
effectively reduce erosion and sedimentation
impacts, Best Management Practices This handbook is printed in a loose-
(BMP’s) must be designed, installed, and leaf format with the intention of allowing
maintained on construction sites. periodic updates as technological
advancements are made, or errors are
The Tennessee Department of corrected. The handbook is available by
Environment and Conservation, Division of attending one of the Fundamentals of
Water Pollution Control has determined that Erosion Prevention and Sediment Control
siltation is the leading cause of impairment of or Design of Vegetative and Structural
streams, rivers and lakes in Tennessee. Measures for Erosion and Sediment
While certainly not the only source, Control courses offered by the State of
construction and development activities Tennessee. It is also available for download
continue throughout Tennessee, and have from the Department’s web page located at:
been shown to contribute large quantities of
sediment to water bodies during precipitation www.state.tn.us/environment
events, if BMP’s are not used. Pollution due
to siltation can have physical, chemical, or for a fee at one of the Environmental
biological, and economic impacts to waters. Assistance Centers throughout the state. As
Siltation causes changes in flow patterns, updates are developed, they also will be
increased water treatment costs, hindrances available online at the web page address
to navigation, and the increased possibility of above.
flooding. Sediment can also restrict light
penetration, transport other pollutants into TDEC’s goals in producing the
the water body, smother eggs and nests of Second Edition of the Erosion and Sediment
fish, and cover stream substrates that Control Handbook include:
provide habitat for fish and aquatic life.
Updating the aging first edition;
The proper use of BMP’s can be
effective in preventing erosion and controlling Providing current information on
sediment on construction sites. This Erosion erosion and sediment control
and Sediment Control Handbook is designed technology;
to provide information to planners,
developers, engineers, and contractors on Providing information that will help
the proper selection, installation, and with the creation of effective Storm
maintenance of BMP’s. The handbook is Water Pollution Prevention Plans for
intended for use during the design and construction sites;
construction of projects that require erosion
and sediment controls to protect waters of Providing information that will assist
the state. It also aids in the development of the site worker in correctly installing
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans and maintaining erosion and
(SWPPP’s) and other reports, plans, or sediment controls;
specifications required for participation in
Tennessee’s water quality regulations. Providing course material for use in
the training and certification courses.
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This handbook is prepared by the

Division of Water Pollution Control of the
Tennessee Department of Environment and
Conservation. Many sources were consulted
during the development of this handbook.
Various resources are cited, and a
references section is provided for the reader.
Any omission of a reference in this handbook
is unintentional. Permission has been
granted to reproduce the information taken
from other sources when possible. Any
omissions or suggestions should be brought
to the attention of the Division.
We are grateful to the Georgia Soil

and Water Conservation Commission and
the Virginia Division of Soil and Water
Conservation for the use of content, layout,
and other material from their handbooks.
Numerous other agencies also

provided information used in compiling this
handbook. These agencies include the
Chattanooga Storm Water Management
Office, Knoxville Storm Water Management
Office, Memphis Storm Water Management
Office, Nashville Storm Water Quality
Management Program, Tennessee
Department of Transportation, Tennessee
Division of Natural Heritage, University of
Tennessee Agriculture Extension Service,
University of Tennessee Water Resources
Research Center, and the University of
Tennessee Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering. Division of
Water Pollution Control personnel provided
much assistance with review of drafts of the
handbook.
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface iii
Acknowledgements v
Table of Contents vii
List of Figures ix
List of Tables xi
Introduction xiii
Best Management Practices

Vegetative Practices
BF Buffer Zone BF - 1
MU Disturbed Area Stabilization With Mulch MU - 1
PS Disturbed Area Stabilization With Permanent Vegetation PS - 1
SO Disturbed Area Stabilization With Sod SO - 1
TS Disturbed Area Stabilization With Temporary Vegetation TS - 1
MA Erosion Control Blanket/Matting MA - 1
PAM Polyacrylamide PAM - 1
Structural Practices
CD Check Dam CD - 1
CE Construction Exit CE - 1
CRS Construction Road Stabilization CRS - 1
DW Dewatering Structure DW - 1
DI Diversion DI - 1
FR Filter Ring FR - 1
GA Gabion GA - 1
GE Geotextile GE - 1
GT Gradient Treatment GT - 1
RR Riprap RR - 1
SB Sediment Basin SB - 1
ST Sediment Trap ST - 1
SF Silt Fence SF - 1
vii
SD Slope Drain SD - 1
IP Storm Drain Inlet Protection IP - 1
OP Storm Drain Outlet Protection OP - 1
SR Surface Roughening SR - 1
Stream Alteration Practices (requiring Aquatic Resource Alteration Permit)
SDC Stream Diversion Channel SDC - 1
TSC Temporary Stream Crossing TSC - 1
SBS Bioengineered Stream Bank Stabilization SBS - 1
Appendix A. Construction General Permit A-1
Appendix B. Example Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan B-1
Appendix C. Aquatic Resource Alteration Permit C-1
Appendix D. Sources of Additional Information D-1
References Ref - 1
viii
LIST OF FIGURES
Riparian Buffer Zone BF - 1

Sodded Waterways SO - 3
Sodding SO - 4
Erosion Control Blanket – Slope Installation MA - 4
Anchoring Details For Erosion Control Blanket MA - 5
Erosion Control Matting – Channel Installation MA - 6
Spacing Between Check Dams CD - 3
Height of Check Dams CD - 3
Construction Exit CE - 3
Typical Washrack for Construction Exit CE - 4
Portable Sediment Tank DW - 4
Straw Bale/Silt Fence Pit DW - 5
Typical Diversion Cross-Sections DI - 4
Stone Filter Ring FR - 3
Gabion Installation GA - 3
Contour Furrow GT - 3
Serrated Slope GT - 4
Stepped Slope GT - 5
Terraced Slope GT - 5
Typical Granular Filter RR - 5
Angle of Repose for Riprap Based on Average Stone Size RR - 6
Base of Riprap Slope Protection RR - 6
Distribution of Boundary Shear for Trapezoidal Channels RR - 7
Minimum Storage Volume and Sediment Cleanout Point SB - 3
Sediment Basin Showing 2 Cells SB - 6
Baffle Locations in Sediment Basins SB - 7
Sediment Basin Schematic Elevations SB - 9
Recommended Dewatering System for Sediment Basins SB - 11
Principal Spillway Design SB – 12
Anti-Vortex Device Design SB – 13
Riser Pipe Base Conditions For Embankments Less Than 10’ High SB – 15
ix
Anti-Seep Collar SB – 17
Emergency Spillway SB – 18
Excavated Earth Spillway SB - 19
Addition of Chemical Flocculent at Sediment Basin Entrance SB - 22
Sediment Trap ST - 4
Minimum Top Width Required for Sediment Trap Embankments ST - 5
Silt Fence – Type A SF - 4
Silt Fence – Type B SF - 5
Silt Fence – Type C SF - 6
Silt Fence Below a Steep or Long Grade SF - 7
Joining Silt Fence Sections SF - 7
Fastener Placement SF - 8
Slope Drain Pipe and Inlet Detail SD - 3
Silt Fence Inlet Protection IP - 4
Baffle Box Inlet Protection IP - 5
Block and Gravel Inlet Protection IP - 6
Gravel Inlet Protection IP - 7
Sod Inlet Protection IP - 8
Riprap Outlet Protection OP - 5
Various Energy Dissipaters and Stilling Basins OP - 6
Surface Roughening SR – 2
Stream Diversion Channel Linings SDC – 3
Stream Diversion Channel (perspective view) SDC – 4
Temporary Bridge Crossing TSC – 4
Temporary Culvert Crossing TSC – 5
Live Stake SBS – 2
Live Fascine SBS – 2
Brushmattress SBS – 2
Live Cribwall SBS – 3
Branchpacking SBS - 3
x
LIST OF TABLES
Effectiveness of Vegetative Buffer Strips BF - 2

Permanent Cover Seeding Mixtures PS - 3
Cubic Yards of Topsoil Required to Attain Various Soil Depths PS - 4
Temporary Cover Seeding Mixtures TS - 2
Diversion Design Criteria DI - 3
Maximum Spacing Between Waterbar Diversions DI - 3
Machined Riprap Specifications RR - 3
Non-Machined Riprap Specifications RR - 3
Machined Aggregate Specifications RR - 4
Weight and Size Equivalents of Riprap RR – 10
Concentric Trash Rack and Anti-Vortex Device Design Table SB - 14
Criteria for Silt Fence Placement SF - 1
Silt Fence Specifications SF - 3
Post Size and Fastener Requirements SF - 8
Slope Drain Pipe Specifications SD - 1
Riprap Outlet Protection Specifications OP – 4
Temporary Stream Diversion Channel Linings SDC – 2
xi
INTRODUCTION
Soil is formed when chemical, though large amounts of soil are being lost.
physical, and biological weathering One millimeter of soil removed from an area
processes break down underlying bedrock. It of one acre weighs about five tons. Five tons
may take hundreds or thousands of years for of silty clay loam equates to about 4.5 cubic
one foot of soil to develop. Soils have yards of soil. Lost soil is a lost resource of
properties like texture, structure, porosity, the property. Lost soil may carry off
and chemistry that are determined by the important nutrients needed for reestablishing
parent bedrock material, but may also be effective, attractive vegetation after the site
influenced by the actions we take to alter the development is complete. If erosion is
soil profile. Soil fertility, or the ability of soil to severe enough, soil might have to be brought
sustain life, is the product of a combination of in from other locations to regrade eroded
those properties. The alteration or areas, or to provide a suitably fertile growing
destruction of one or more of these medium for vegetation establishment.
properties may have serious adverse effect
on the soil’s ability to grow stabilizing Sediments that escape the site will
vegetative cover. eventually enter a stream or wetland. Solids
suspended in the water column will interfere
Erosion is the detachment of a with the photosynthesis of plant life that form
portion of the soil profile or soil surface. This the base of the aquatic system food web.
can occur by either the impact of raindrops, Sediments may carry other pollutants, in the
or by the shear forces of water flowing across form of metals, pesticides, or nutrients, into
the soil surface. Soil particles can be streams, or cause organic enrichment of
transported a short distance (like the splash streams, which also disrupts the food web.
from a raindrop impact), or may be Suspended sediments increase the costs of
transported a longer distance (to the bottom drinking-water treatment for municipalities.
of the slope, or into a water conveyance)
before being deposited. The transport and Sediment deposition changes the
deposition process is called sedimentation. flow characteristics of a water body. These
changes may result in physical hindrances to
Erosion and sedimentation are navigation or increased possibility of flooding.
natural processes. These processes occur Deposits may actually cause further erosion
daily, on all land, as the result of wind, water, within a water body if the deposit occurs at a
ice, and gravity. However, the effect of critical spot. Sedimentation in wetlands can
natural erosion is usually only noticeable on alter the hydrology or destroy hydric
a geologic time scale. The global average, vegetation. Sedimentation that occurs in
natural geologic rate of soil erosion is about streams can cover up habitat that certain
0.2 tons per acre per year. This is integral parts of the food web rely on.
approximately equal to the rate that soil is Certain types of soil particles actually bind to
being created by the weathering of bedrock the gills of aquatic insects or fish. Sediment
and parent material. Disturbance of the soil may also smother nesting sites for fish or
surface, including activities like construction, amphibians, or cover mussel beds that filter
farming, or logging, greatly increases the significant quantities of pollutants from water
amount of sediment loss from the site due to that ultimately becomes our drinking water.
erosion. Soil loss from pastureland averages
1.5 tons per acre per year. Cultivated The average erosion from a
cropland can lose 20 tons per acre per year. designated area over a designated time may
Major land disturbances, such as mines or be computed by using the Revised Universal
construction sites, can experience annual soil Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). RUSLE is an
loss from 150 to 200 tons per acre. Erosion erosion model developed by the U. S.
may occur unnoticed on exposed soil even Department of Agriculture to help make good
xiii
decisions in soil conservation planning. It is There are two types of BMP’s. One
a set of mathematical equations used to type, erosion prevention practices are
determine what conservation practices might ground covers that prevent any of the types
be applied to a landscape to reduce or limit of erosion from occurring. Ground covers
the amount of erosion and sediment loss. include vegetation, riprap, mulch, and
The original application for RUSLE was blankets that absorb the energy of a
agriculture, primarily cropland production. raindrop’s impact and reduce the amount of
Subsequent revisions have widened the sheet erosion. Diversions, check dams,
program’s applicability to be useful to other slope drains, and storm drain protection,
land-disturbing activities like mining, forest while they may also trap sediment, are
management, and construction sites. primarily used to prevent rill and gully erosion
from starting. Rill and gully erosion are more
The four major factors that RUSLE difficult and expensive to repair, and result in
uses to compute the amount of soil loss from greater volumes of sediment to control.
a site are: climate, soil erodibility,
topography, and land use. The important The second type, sediment control
climatic variables are the amount of rainfall practices attempt to prevent soil particles
and the intensity of the rainfall. Soils differ in that are already being carried in storm waters
their inherent erodibility, which is based on from leaving the site and entering streams or
the previously mentioned properties: texture, rivers. Silt fence, sediment traps, sediment
structure, porosity, and chemistry. Climate basins, check dams, and even vegetative
and soil information are obtained from cover are sediment control practices. Of
regionally mapped or surveyed data. course, all BMP’s must be chosen carefully,
Climatic and soil variables are independent located and installed correctly, and
of the activities we undertake at a worksite, maintained well to be effective at keeping
however, the length of time that a bare area sediment on a site.
is exposed to precipitation is considered
within the climate factor of RUSLE and may It is important to note that a particular
considerably affect the soil loss from the BMP may be an erosion prevention practice,
worksite. In this way, phasing and or a sediment control practice, or it may
sequencing the surface disturbing activities serve both purposes at the same time.
at a worksite reduces the total erosion and
reduces the amount of sediment that must be Using RUSLE as our model, we can
controlled by other means. see that a combination of erosion prevention,
consisting of leaving original vegetation
Site topography, ground cover, and whenever possible and reestablishing
best management practice (BMP) use are vegetative cover as quickly as conditions
the most variable factors in determining allow, as well as sediment controls, like clean
erosion. These three factors are also what water diversions, silt fences, and sediment
we have control over. Slope length, slope basins can prevent sediment loss from a
steepness, and slope shape are the construction site (or any other site) during
important components of topography. Much most storm events. We also see that leaving
of the work done at construction sites is to original vegetation in place for as much of the
change the slope length, steepness, or construction period as possible reduces the
shape to make the property better suited for opportunity for a precipitation event that
development. Obviously, the original occurs to cause significant erosion and soil
vegetation must be disturbed to accomplish loss on a worksite.
this work, however, ground cover is the
single most influential variable in determining
soil loss. The soil loss from a site that has
been graded bare and has no BMP’s in use
may be 100 times the soil loss from the same
site with an average stand of grass present.
BMP’s can reduce the amount of sediment
leaving the site, but no single practice is
100% effective.
xiv
VEGETATIVE PRACTICES
Buffer Zone – BF
DEFINITION provides a general buffer. It is useful to filter and

infiltrate runoff, and also to reduce construction
A strip of undisturbed, original vegetation, noise. General buffers may be enhanced to
enhanced or restored existing vegetation, or the achieve desired goals.
re-establishment of vegetation surrounding an
area of disturbance or bordering streams, Vegetated Riparian Buffers: Buffers bordering
ponds, wetlands, or lakes. streams are critical due to their protection of
streams from sedimentation through filtration
PURPOSE and bank stabilization. Riparian buffers are also
To provide a buffer zone which can filter and Riparian Buffer Zone
infiltrate runoff, reduce storm runoff velocities,
protect channel banks from scour and erosion,
provide flood protection, cool rivers and streams
by creating shade, provide food and cover for
wildlife and aquatic organisms, reduce
construction noise, and improve aesthetics on
the disturbed land. See Figure 1 and Table 1.
CONDITIONS
A natural strip of vegetation should be

preserved and, if needed, supplemented to
form the buffer zone. There are two types of
buffer zones. Figure 1
useful in cooling rivers and providing food and
General Buffers: A strip of undisturbed, cover for wildlife. In most cases, the buffer zone
original land adjacent to the disturbed site will be incorporated into the permanent
BF - 1
vegetative stabilization. Refer to specification • Zone 2 The next 10 feet should consist
Disturbed Area Stabilization (With of managed forest for chemical
Permanent Vegetation) - PS. absorption and wildlife habitat.
Effectiveness of Vegetative Buffer • Zone 3 The upper 20 feet should be

Strips comprised of grasses for sediment and
chemical capture.
Purpose Grass Shrub Tree
Filter Sediment High Low Low This general multipurpose design contains trees
and shrubs that help to stabilize stream banks
Filter Chemicals Medium Low Low
and grasses which spread and reduce the flow
Stabilize Stream Banks Low High High from adjacent areas as well as increase settling
Improve Aesthetics Medium Medium High and infiltration. If the ideal vegetated buffer
Improve Habitat Medium Medium High width cannot be achieved; narrower buffers can
Reduce Noise Low Medium High still be used to obtain the goals of bank
Intercept Rainfall High High High stabilization and riparian habitat. If this is the
case, several design principals should be
Infiltrate Runoff High Medium Medium considered:
Table 1 • Sheet flow should be encouraged at

the disturbed edge of the vegetated
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS stream buffer.
Important design factors such as slope, • The structure of the buffer should
hydrology, width and structure shall be consist of understory and canopy
considered. species.
General Buffers: A width should be selected to • The width should be proportional to the
permit the zone to serve the purpose(s) stated watershed area and slope.
above. Supplemental plantings may be used to
increase the effectiveness of the buffer zone. • Native and non-invasive plant species
should be used.
Vegetated Riparian Buffers: The structure of
vegetated riparian buffers should be considered • Density must be considered to
to determine if the buffer must be enhanced to determine if the existing buffer must be
achieve the necessary goals. The size of the enhanced to achieve the necessary
stream as well as the topography of the area goals. Vegetation must be dense
must be considered to determine the enough to filter sediment and provide
appropriate width of the vegetated stream detrital nutrients for aquatic organisms.
buffer. A vegetated stream buffer of 50 feet is
suggested for flat lying areas. The buffer should Stream bank stabilization techniques may be
be increased 2 feet in width for every 1% of required if steep slopes and/or hydrologic
slope (measured along a line perpendicular to patterns deem it necessary. Refer to
the stream bank). specification Bioengineered Stream Bank
Stabilization - SBS. Vegetated stream buffers
Unless undisturbed vegetation is left in place on steep slopes may need to be wider to
and used as the buffer, a constructed, effectively filter overland flow. Corridors subject
multipurpose riparian buffer should be created to intense flooding may require additional
consisting of three zones: stream bank stabilization measures.
• Zone 1 The first 20 feet nearest the

stream should consist of trees and
shrubs spaced 6-10 feet apart to
provide stabilization of the bank deep
into the soil.
BF - 2
PLANTING TECHNIQUES MAINTENANCE
Plantings for buffer reestablishment and Areas closest to the stream should be
enhancement can consist of bare root maintained with minimal impact.
seedlings, container grown seedlings, container
grown plants, and balled and burlapped plants. Watering: During periods of drought as well as
Standard permanent erosion control grasses during the initial year, watering may be
and legumes may be used in denuded areas for necessary in all buffer areas planted or seeded
quick stabilization. Refer to specification for enhancement.
Disturbed Area Stabilization (With
Permanent Vegetation) - PS. Replanting: It is imperative that the structure of
the vegetated stream buffer be maintained. If
Soil preparation and maintenance are essential the buffer has been planted, it is suggested that
for the establishment of planted vegetation. the area be monitored to determine if plant
material must be replaced. Provisions for the
protection of new plantings from destruction or
damage from beavers or other damaging pests
should be incorporated into the plan.
BF - 3
Disturbed Area Stabilization (With Mulch) – MU
DEFINITION CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
Applying hay, straw, mulch, plant residues, or Mulching Without Seeding: This standard
other suitable materials, produced on the site if applies to cleared areas where seed may not
possible, to the soil surface. have a suitable growing season to produce an
erosion-retardant cover, but can be stabilized
PURPOSE with a mulch cover. Mulch can be used as an
erosion control device for up to six months, but
• To reduce runoff and erosion it shall be applied at the appropriate depth
• To conserve moisture (depending on the material used), anchored,
• To promote germination of seed and have a continuous 95% cover or greater of
• To prevent surface compaction or the soil surface. Maintenance is required to
crusting maintain 95% cover.
• To protect seed from birds
Mulching With Seeding: Mulch should be
• To modify soil temperature
applied when seeding for vegetation
• To increase biological activity in the soil stabilization. It significantly assists germination
by protecting the seed from birds, by holding
CONDITIONS moisture at the surface of the soil, and by
reducing soil surface temperature. Mulch
Mulch may be used to promote vegetation applied to seeded areas shall achieve 75% soil
germination and growth during a vegetative cover.
stabilization practice, or may be used as a
temporary stabilization measure on its own Site Preparation: Consider these factors when
where seed may not germinate due to preparing to use mulch:
temporary conditions.
MU - 1
1. Grade to enable the use of equipment shall consist of 100 gallons of
for applying and anchoring mulch. emulsified asphalt and 100 gallons of
water per ton of mulch. Care shall be
2. Install best management practices as taken at all times to protect state
required such as diversions, terraces, waters, the public, adjacent property,
and/or sediment barriers. pavements, curbs, sidewalks, and all
other structures from asphalt
3. Loosen compacted soil to a minimum discoloration.
depth of 4 inches if using mulch while 2. Hay and straw mulch may be pressed
seeding. into the soil immediately after the mulch
is spread. A special “crimper” or disk
Mulching Materials: Select one of the harrow with the disks set straight may
following materials and apply at the rate be used. Serrated discs are preferred
indicated: and should be 20 inches or more in
diameter and 8 to 12 inches apart. The
1. Dry straw or hay shall be applied at a edges of the disks shall be dull enough
rate that provides 95% or greater soil to press the mulch into the ground
coverage. without cutting it, leaving much of it in
2. Wood waste (chips, sawdust or bark) an erect position. Mulch should not be
shall be applied at a rate that provides plowed into the soil.
95% or greater soil coverage. Organic 3. Synthetic tackifiers or binders may be
material from the clearing stage of applied in conjunction with or
development should remain on site, immediately after the mulch is spread.
be chipped, and applied as mulch. Synthetic tackifiers should be mixed
This method of mulching can greatly and applied according to
reduce erosion control costs. This manufacturer’s specifications. Refer to
method should not, however, be used specification Tackifiers and Binders -
in conjunction with seeding due to soil TB.
acidification and nitrogen reduction
problems that the decomposition of the MAINTENANCE
“green” material will produce.
Inspection of the application should be
Anchoring Mulch: Anchor straw or hay mulch performed along with other regularly
immediately after application by one of the scheduled erosion and sediment control
following methods: inspections. Any areas that have washed out
due to high storm water flows should be
1. Emulsified asphalt can be (a) sprayed reconsidered for different BMP use, or at
uniformly onto the mulch as it is ejected least retreated. Areas that have been
from the blower machine or (b) sprayed disturbed by blowing wind should be
on the mulch immediately following retreated. Maintenance needs identified in
mulch application when straw or hay is inspections or by other means shall be
spread by methods other than special accomplished before the next storm event if
blower equipment. The combination of possible, but in no case more than seven
asphalt emulsion and water shall days after the need is identified.
consist of a homogeneous mixture
satisfactory for spraying. The mixture
MU - 2
Disturbed Area Stabilization (With Permanent Vegetation) – PS
DEFINITION PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
The planting of perennial vegetation such as 1. When stripping a site, topsoil should be
trees, shrubs, vines, grasses, or legumes on stockpiled for later use.
exposed areas for final permanent stabilization. 2. Stockpiled topsoil should be stabilized
Permanent perennial vegetation shall be used using temporary vegetation. Refer to
to achieve final stabilization. specification Disturbed Area
Stabilization (With Temporary
PURPOSE Vegetation) - TS.
3. Where a suitable planting medium is
• To reduce storm water runoff velocity not present, topsoil shall be imported
• To maintain sheet flow and incorporated into the site.
• To protect the soil surface from erosion 4. Block sod provides immediate cover. It
• To promote infiltration of runoff into the is especially effective in controlling
soil erosion adjacent to concrete flumes
• To improve wildlife habitat and other structures. Refer to
specification Disturbed Area
• To improve aesthetics
Stabilization (With Sod) - SO.
5. When mixed plantings are done during
CONDITIONS
marginal planting periods, companion
crops shall be used.
Permanent perennial vegetation is used to
6. No-till planting can be effective when
provide a protective cover for exposed areas
planting is done following a summer or
including cuts, fills, and other denuded areas
winter annual cover crop.
that will not be regraded. Permanent
7. Irrigation should be used when the soil
stabilization should be applied where topsoil
is dry or when summer plantings are
was never stripped, or has been returned and
done.
incorporated into the soil surface.
PS - 1
8. Low maintenance plants, as well as planting; and the needs and desires of the land
native species, should be used to user.
ensure long-lasting erosion control.
9. Wildlife plantings should be included Plant selection may also include annual
when applicable. companion crops. Annual companion crops
should be used only when the perennial species
Wildlife Plantings: Commercially available are not planted during their optimum planting
plants beneficial to wildlife species include the period. Care should be taken in selecting
following: companion crop species and seeding rates
because annual crops will compete with
Mast Bearing Trees: Beech, Black Cherry, perennial species for water, nutrients, and
Blackgum, Chestnut, Oak, Hackberry, Hickory, growing space. A high seeding rate of the
Locust, and Persimmon. companion crop may prevent the establishment
of perennial species.
Trees that produce nuts or fruits are favored by
many game species. Ryegrass shall not be used in any seeding
mixtures containing permanent, perennial
Shrubs and Small Trees: Bayberry, Bicolor species due to its ability to out-compete
Lespedeza, Crabapple, Dogwood, Huckleberry desired species chosen for permanent
or Native Blueberry, Mountain Laurel, perennial cover.
Rhododendron, Native Holly, Red Cedar, Red
Mulberry, Sumac, Wax Myrtle, Wild Plum and Seed Quality: The term “pure live seed” is used
Blackberry. Plant shrubs in patches without tall to express the quality of seed and is not shown
trees to develop stable shrub communities. All on the label. Pure live seed (PLS) is expressed
produce fruits used by many kinds of wildlife, as a percentage of the seeds that are pure and
except for lespedeza, which produces seeds will germinate. Information on percent
used by quail and songbirds. germination and purity can be found on seed
tags. PLS is determined by multiplying the
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS percent of pure seed with the percent of
germination; i.e.,
Grading and Shaping: Grading and shaping
may not be required where hydraulic seeding (PLS = % germination x % purity)
and fertilizing equipment is to be used. Vertical
banks shall be sloped to enable plant EXAMPLE: Common bermuda seed
establishment.
70% germination, 80% purity
When conventional seeding and fertilizing are to PLS = 70% germination x 80% purity
be done, grade and shape the slope, where PLS = 56%
feasible and practical, so that equipment can be
used safely and efficiently during seedbed
preparation, seeding, mulching and The percent of PLS determines the amount of
maintenance of the vegetation. seed needed. If the seeding rate is 10 pounds
PLS and the bulk seed is 56 % PLS, the bulk
Concentrations of water that could cause seeding rate is:
excessive soil erosion should be diverted to a
safe outlet. Diversions and other treatment I0 Ibs PLS/acre = 17.9 Ibs/acre
practices must conform to the appropriate 56% PLS
standards and specifications set out in this
handbook.
An application of 17.9 Ibs/acre will provide 10
Plant Selection: Refer to Table 1 for Ibs/acre of pure live seed.
suggested species. Plants should be selected
on the basis of species characteristics, site and
soil conditions, planned use and maintenance
of the area; time of year of planting, method of
PS - 2
Permanent Cover Seeding Mixtures
Seeding Dates Grass Seed Percentages

Kentucky 31 Fescue 80%
February 1 to July 1 Korean Lespedeza 15%
English Rye 5%
English Rye 20%
June 1 to August 15
Korean Lespedeza 15%
German Millet 10%
Bermudagrass (hulled) 70%
April 15 to August 15
Annual Lespedeza 30%
August 1 to December 1 English Rye 20%
W hite Clover 10%
February 1 to December 1 Crown Vetch 25%
English Rye 5%
Source: TDOT Standard Specifications
Table 1
Topsoil: Topsoil should be friable and loamy, Broadcast plantings

free of debris, objectionable weeds and stones,
and contain no toxic substances that may be 1. Seedbed preparation may not be
harmful to plant growth. When replacing topsoil required where hydraulic seeding
on disturbed areas, maintain needed erosion equipment is to be used.
and sediment control practices such as 2. Tillage, at a minimum, shall adequately
diversions, berms, sediment basins, etc. loosen the soil to a depth of 4 to 6
Grades containing these structures should be inches; alleviate compaction;
maintained after the topsoil is applied. incorporate topsoil, lime, and fertilizer;
smooth and firm the soil; allow for the
Topsoil should be handled only when it is dry proper placement of seed, sprigs, or
enough to work without damaging soil structure. plants; and allow for the anchoring of
A uniform application of 5 inches (unsettled) is straw or hay mulch if a crimper is to be
recommended, but may be adjusted at the used.
discretion of the engineer or landscape 3. Tillage may be done with any suitable
architect. See Table 2 for additional information equipment.
about the volume of topsoil to achieve various 4. Tillage should be done parallel to the
depths. contour where feasible.
5. On slopes too steep for the safe
Seedbed Preparation: When conventional operation of tillage equipment, the soil
seeding is to be used, topsoil should be applied surface shall be pitted or trenched
to any area where the disturbance results in across the slope with appropriate hand
subsoil being the final grade surface. tools to provide consecutive beds, 6 to
8 inches apart, in which seed may
PS - 3
lodge and germinate. Hydraulic Inoculants: All legume seed shall be inoculated
seeding may also be used. with appropriate nitrogen fixing bacteria. The
inoculants shall be pure culture prepared
Individual Plants specifically for the seed species and used within
the dates on the container.
1. Where individual plants are to be set,
the soil shall be prepared by A mixing medium recommended by the
excavating holes, opening furrows, or manufacturer shall be used to bond the
dibble planting. inoculants to the seed. For conventional
2. For nursery stock plants, holes shall be seeding, use twice the amount of inoculants
large enough to accommodate roots recommended by the manufacturer. For
without crowding. hydraulic seeding, four times the amount of
3. Where pine seedlings are to be innoculant recommended by the manufacturer
planted, use a subsoiler under the row shall be used.
to a depth of 36 inches on the contour
four to six months prior to planting. All inoculated seed shall be protected from the
Subsoiling should be done when the sun and high temperatures and shall be planted
soil is dry, preferably in August or the same day inoculated. No inoculated seed
September. shall remain in the hydroseeder longer than one
4. Trees should not be planted in power hour.
line right-of-ways or under power lines.
Cubic Yards of Topsoil Required to Attain Various Soil Depths
Depth Per 1,000 Per Acre

(Inches) Square Feet
1 3.1 134
2 6.2 268
3 9.3 403
4 12.4 537
5 15.5 672
6 18.6 806
Table 2
PLANTING No-Till Seeding: No-till seeding is permissible

into annual cover crops when planting is done
Hydraulic Seeding: Mix the seed (innoculated following maturity of the cover crop or if the
if needed), fertilizer, and wood cellulose or wood temporary cover stand is sparse enough to
pulp fiber mulch with water and apply in a slurry allow adequate growth of the permanent
uniformly over the area to be treated. Apply (perennial) species. No-till seeding shall be
within one hour after the mixture is made. done with appropriate no-till seeding equipment.
Conventional Seeding: Seeding will be done The seed must be uniformly distributed and
on a freshly prepared seedbed. For broadcast planted at the proper depth.
planting, use a cultipacker seeder, drill, rotary Individual Plants: Shrubs, vines and sprigs
seeder, other mechanical seeder, or hand may be planted with appropriate planters or
seeding to distribute the seed uniformly over the hand tools. Pine trees shall be planted manually
area to be treated. Cover the seed lightly with in the subsoil furrow. Each plant shall be set in a
l/8 to l/4 inch of soil for small seed and l/2 to 1 manner that will avoid crowding the roots.
inch for large seed when using a cultipacker or
other suitable equipment. Nursery stock plants shall be planted at the
same depth or slightly deeper than they grew at
PS - 4
the nursery. The tips of vines and sprigs must ANCHORING MULCH
be at or slightly above the ground surface.
Where individual holes are dug, an appropriate Anchor straw or hay mulch immediately after
amount of fertilizer shall be placed in the bottom application by one of the following methods:
of the hole, two inches of soil shall be added,
and the plant shall be set in the hole and the 1. Emulsified asphalt can be (a) sprayed
hole filled in. uniformly onto the mulch as it is ejected
from the blower machine or (b) sprayed
APPLYING MULCH on the mulch immediately following
mulch application when straw or hay is
Mulch is required for all permanent spread by methods other than special
vegetation applications. Mulch applied to blower equipment. The combination of
seeded areas shall achieve 75% soil cover. asphalt emulsion and water shall
Select the mulching material from the following consist of a homogeneous mixture
and apply as indicated: satisfactory for spraying. The mixture
shall consist of 100 gallons of
1. When using temporary erosion control emulsified asphalt and 100 gallons of
blankets or block sod, mulch is not water per ton of mulch. Care shall be
required. taken at all times to protect state
2. Dry straw or dry hay of good quality waters, the public, adjacent property,
and free of weed seeds can be used. pavements, curbs, sidewalks, and all
Dry straw shall be applied at the rate of other structures from asphalt
2 tons per acre. Dry hay shall be discoloration.
applied at a rate of 2 l/2 tons per acre. 2. Hay and straw mulch may be pressed
Sericea lespedeza hay containing into the soil immediately after the mulch
mature seed shall be applied at a rate is spread. A special “crimper” or disk
of three tons per acre. harrow with the disks set straight may
3. Straw or hay mulch will be spread be used. Serrated disks are preferred,
uniformly within 24 hours after seeding and should be 20 inches or more in
and/or planting. The mulch may be diameter and 8 to 12 inches apart. The
spread by blower type spreading edges of the disks shall be dull enough
equipment, other spreading equipment to press the mulch into the ground
or by hand. without cutting it, leaving much of it in
4. Wood cellulose mulch or wood pulp an erect position. Mulch shall not be
fiber shall be used with hydraulic plowed into the soil.
seeding. It shall be applied at the rate 3. Synthetic tackifiers or binders may be
of 500 pounds per acre. Dry straw or applied in conjunction with or
dry hay shall be applied (at the rate immediately after the mulch is spread.
indicated above) after hydraulic Synthetic tackifiers should be mixed
seeding. and applied according to
5. One thousand pounds per acre of manufacturer’s specifications. Refer to
wood cellulose or wood pulp fiber, specification Tackifiers and Binders -
which includes a tackifier, shall be used TB.
with hydraulic seeding on slopes ¾:1 or
steeper. BEDDING MATERIAL
6. Wood cellulose and wood pulp fibers
shall not contain germination or growth Mulch is used as a bedding material to
inhibiting factors. They shall be evenly conserve moisture and control weeds in
dispersed when agitated in water. The nurseries, ornamental beds, around shrubs, and
fibers shall contain a dye to aid in
on bare areas.
uniform application during seeding.
Material Depth
Grain straw 4” to 6”
Grass Hay 4” to 6”
PS - 5
Pine needles 3” to 5” MAINTENANCE
Wood waste 4” to 6” Inspection of the seeding and mulch application
should be performed along with other regularly
scheduled erosion and sediment control
IRRIGATION inspections. Any areas that have washed out
due to high storm water flows, areas that have
Irrigation will be applied at a rate that will not been disturbed by blowing wind, and areas that
cause runoff. do not show good germination should be
retreated. Maintenance needs identified in
inspections or by other means shall be
accomplished before the next storm event if
possible, but in no case more than seven days
after the need is identified.
PS - 6
Disturbed Area Stabilization (With Sod) – SO
DEFINITION • Reduced failure as compared to

seed as well as the lack of weeds
A permanent vegetative cover using sod
brought from locations off site. • Can be established nearly year-
round
PURPOSE
Sod is preferable to seed in waterways and
• To establish immediate ground cover swales because of the immediate protection of
• To reduce storm water runoff the channel after application. Sod must be
• To protect the soil surface from erosion staked in concentrated flow areas (See Figure
• To reduce damage from sediment and 1).
runoff to downstream areas CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
Soil Preparation: Bring soil surface to final
CONDITIONS grade. Clear surface of trash, woody debris,
stones and clods larger than 1”. Apply sod to
This application is appropriate for areas that soil surfaces only and not frozen surfaces, or
require immediate vegetative covers, such as gravel type soils.
drop inlets, grass swales, and waterways with
intermittent flow. Properly applied topsoil will help guarantee a
stand of grass. Don’t use topsoil recently treated
PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS with herbicides.
Sod can initially be more costly than seeding, Mix fertilizer and/or lime into soil surface.
but the advantages often justify the increased Fertilize and/or lime based on soil tests and/or
initial costs. contact with NRCS.
• Immediate erosion control and Installation: Lay sod with tight joints and in
green surface straight lines. Don’t overlap joints. Stagger joints
and do not stretch sod (See Figure 2).
SO - 1
On slopes steeper than 3:1, sod should be 2. Sod should be cut to the desired size.
anchored with pins or other approved methods. Torn or uneven pads should be
Installed sod should be rolled or tamped to rejected.
provide good contact between sod and soil.
3. Sod should be cut and installed within
Irrigate sod and the top 4” of soil immediately 36 hours of digging.
after installation.
4. Avoid planting when subject to frost
Sod should not be cut or spread in extremely heave or hot weather if irrigation is not
wet or dry weather. Irrigation should be used to available.
supplement rainfall for a minimum of 2 - 3
weeks. MAINTENANCE
Materials: Sod selected should be certified. Re-sod areas where an adequate stand of sod
Sod grown in the general area of the project is is not obtained. New sod should be mowed
desirable. sparingly. Grass height should not be cut to less
than 2”-3”.
1. Sod should be machine cut and
contain ¾” (+ or – ¼”) of soil, not
including shoots or thatch.
SO - 2
SODDED WATERWAYS
FLOW
LAY SOD ACROSS THE

DIRECTION OF FLOW.
6"-10"
USE STAKES OR STAPLES TO FASTEN SOD

FIRMLY AT THE ENDS OF STRIPS AND
IN THE CENTER, OR EVERY 3-4 FEET IF
THE STRIPS ARE LONG. WHEN READY TO
MOW, DRIVE STAKES OR STAPLES FLUSH
WITH THE GROUND. STAKE OR
STAPLE
IN CRITICAL AREAS,
SECURE SOD WITH
NETTING. USE STAPLES.
Source: VA DSWC
Figure 1
SO - 3
SODDING
LAY SOD IN A STAGGERED
PATTERN. BUTT THE
STRIPS TIGHTLY AGAINST
EACH OTHER. DO NOT
LEAVE SPACES AND DO NOT
OVERLAP. A SHARPENED
MASON'S TROWEL IS A
HANDY TOOL FOR TUCKING
DOWN THE ENDS AND
TRIMMING PIECES.
BUTTING - ANGLED ENDS

CAUSED BY THE AUTO-
INCORRECT MATIC SOD CUTTER MUST
BE MATCHED CORRECTLY.
CORRECT
ROLL SOD IMMEDIATELY WATER TO A DEPTH MOW WHEN THE SOD IS

TO ACHIEVE FIRM OF 4" AS NEEDED. ESTABLISHED - IN
CONTACT WITH THE SOIL. WATER WELL AS SOON 2-3 WEEKS. SET THE
AS THE SOD IS LAID. MOWER HIGH (2"-3").
APPEARANCE OF GOOD SOD
SHOOTS OR GRASS BLADES.

GRASS SHOULD BE GREEN AND
HEALTHY, MOWED AT A 2"-3"
CUTTING HEIGHT.
THATCH - GRASS CLIPPINGS AND

DEAD LEAVES, UP TO 1/2" THICK.
ROOT ZONE - SOIL AND ROOTS.

SHOULD BE 1/2"-3/4" THICK, WITH
DENSE ROOT MAT FOR STRENGTH.
Source: VA DSWC
Figure 2
SO - 4
Disturbed Area Stabilization (With Temporary Vegetation) – TS
DEFINITION of temporary vegetation are not appropriate for

companion crop plantings because of their
The establishment of temporary vegetative potential to out compete the desired species
cover with fast growing species for seasonal (e.g. annual ryegrass).
protection on disturbed or denuded areas.
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
PURPOSE
Grading and Shaping: Excessive water runoff
• To reduce storm water runoff shall be reduced by properly designed and
velocity installed erosion control practices such as
• To maintain sheet flow ditches, dikes, diversions, sediment barriers,
• To protect the soil surface from etc.
erosion
• To promote infiltration of runoff into No shaping or grading is required if slopes can
the soil be stabilized by hand-seeded vegetation or if
hydraulic seeding equipment is to be used.
• To improve wildlife habitat
Seedbed Preparation: When a hydraulic
• To improve the soil condition for seeder is used, seedbed preparation may not
permanent plantings be required. When using conventional or hand-
seeding, seedbed preparation may not be
CONDITIONS required when the soil material is loose and not
compacted by equipment or rainfall.
Temporary vegetative measures should be
coordinated with permanent measures to When soil has been compacted by equipment
assure economical and effective stabilization. or rainfall, or consists of smooth cut slopes, the
Most types of temporary vegetation are ideal to soil shall be disked, plowed, tilled, or otherwise
use as companion crops until the permanent scarified to provide a place for seed to lodge
vegetation is established. Note: Some species and germinate.
TS - 1
MAINTENANCE
Seeding: Select a grass or grass-legume
mixture suitable to the area and season of the Inspections of temporarily seeded areas should
year. See Table 1 for suggestions of temporary be made before anticipated storm events (or
seeding species. Seed shall be applied series of storm events such as intermittent
uniformly by hand, cyclone seeder, drill, showers over one or more days) and within 24
cultipacker seeder, or hydraulic seeder (slurry hours after the end of a storm event of 0.5
including seed and mulch). Drill or cultipacker inches or greater, and at least once every
seeders should normally place seed one fourteen calendar days. Inspections should
quarter to one half inch deep. Appropriate depth identify any areas that need reseeding or need
of planting is ten times the seed diameter. Soil additional BMP’s. Maintenance needs identified
should be “raked” lightly to cover seed with soil in inspections or by other means shall be
if seeded by hand. accomplished before the next storm event if
possible, but in no case more than seven days
Mulching: Temporary vegetation may be after the need is identified.
established without the use of mulch. Mulch
without seeding may be considered for short-
term protection. Refer to Disturbed Area
Stabilization (With Mulch) - MU.
Irrigation: During times of drought, water shall

be applied at a rate not causing runoff and
erosion. The soil shall be thoroughly wetted to a
depth that will insure germination of the seed.
Subsequent applications should be made as
needed. Newly seeded areas require more
water than more mature plants.
Temporary Cover Seeding Mixtures

Italian Rye 33%
January 1 to May 1 Korean Lespedeza 33%
Summ er Oats 34%
May 1 to July 15 Sudan - Sorghum 100%
May 1 to July 15 Starr Millet 100%
Balboa Rye 67%
July 15 to January 1
Italian Rye 33%
Table 1
Source: TDOT Standard Specifications
TS - 2
Erosion Control Blanket/Matting – MA
DEFINITION greater, and cuts and fills within stream

buffers, should be stabilized with the
A protective blanket or soil stabilization mat appropriate erosion control matting or
used to assist in establishment of temporary or blanket. Maintenance of the final vegetative
permanent vegetation on steep slopes, cover must be considered when choosing
channels, or stream banks. blankets versus matting.
PURPOSE PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
• To prevent erosion of the soil surface Care must be taken to choose the type of
• To promote seed germination blanket or matting which is most appropriate for
the specific needs of a project. Manufacturer’s
• To protect young vegetation recommendations should be followed when
• To prevent erosion of seed choosing products.
Temporary Erosion Control Blankets
• To prevent wind dispersal of seed or
mulch This includes rolled erosion control blankets
consisting of a plastic netting which covers and
• To allow for easy installation of seed
is intertwined with a natural organic or
and/or mulch manmade mulch; or, a jute mesh which is
CONDITIONS typically homogenous in design and can act
alone as a soil stabilization blanket. Temporary
Matting and blankets can be applied to steep blankets as a minimum should be used to
slopes where erosion hazards are high and stabilize concentrated flow areas with a velocity
conventional seeding is likely to be too slow in less than 5 ft/sec and slopes 2.5:1 or steeper
providing adequate protective cover. with a height of 10 feet or greater. Because
Concentrated flow areas, all slopes steeper temporary blankets will deteriorate in a short
than 2.5:1, with a height of ten feet or
MA - 1
period of time, they provide no long-term produced temporary blankets include the
erosion prevention protection when used alone. following:
Benefits of using temporary erosion control 1. Straw blankets are temporary blankets
blankets include the following: that consist of weed-free straw from
agricultural crops formed into a blanket.
• Protection of the seed and soil from Blankets with a top side of
raindrop impact and subsequent photodegradable plastic mesh size of
displacement 5/16 x 5/16 inch and sewn to the straw
• Thermal consistency and moisture with biodegradable thread are
retention for seedbed area appropriate for slopes. The blanket
should have a minimum thickness of
• More complete and faster germination 3/8 inch and minimum dry weight of 0.5
of grasses and legumes pounds per square yard.
Permanent Erosion Control Matting 2. Excelsior blankets are temporary
Consists of a permanent, non-degradable, blankets that consist of curled wood
three-dimensional plastic structure that is filled excelsior (80% of fibers are six inches
with soil prior to planting. These mats are also or longer) formed into a blanket. The
known as turf reinforcing mats. Roots penetrate blanket should have clear markings
the matrix, forming a continuous anchorage for indicating the top side of the blanket
vegetation. Matting should be used when a and be smolder resistant. Blankets
vegetative lining is desired in storm water should have photodegradable plastic
conveyance channels where the projected or mesh having a maximum mesh size of
designed velocity is between about five and ten 1 ½ x 3 inches. The blanket should
feet per second. These velocities are have a minimum thickness of ¼ of an
suggestions only. Concentrated flow channel inch and a minimum dry weight of 0.8
linings should be designed by a professional pounds per square yard. Slopes
experienced in the use of these materials, and require excelsior matting with the top
according to the manufacturer’s side of the blanket covered in the
recommendations. plastic mesh, and for waterways, both
sides of the blanket require plastic
Benefits of using erosion control matting include mesh.
the following:
3. Coconut fiber blankets are temporary
• All of the benefits gained from using blankets that consist of 100% coconut
erosion control blankets fiber formed into a blanket. The
• Provides erosion protection from flows minimum thickness of the blanket
of high capacity storm water should be ¼ of an inch with a minimum
dry weight of 0.5 pounds per square
conveyance channels
yard. Blankets should have
• Acts as a filter for fine sediment during photodegradable plastic mesh, with a
lower flow storm water events maximum mesh size of 5/8 x 5/8 inch
and be sewn to the fiber with a
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS breakdown resistant synthetic yarn.
All blanket and matting materials should be Plastic mesh is required on both sides
nontoxic to vegetation and to the germination of of the blanket if used in waterways. A
seed. Netting should be intertwined with the maximum of two inches is allowable for
mulching material/fiber to maximize strength the stitch pattern and row spacing.
and provide for ease of handling. 4. Wood fiber blankets are temporary
Temporary Blankets blankets that consist of reprocessed
wood fibers that do not possess or
Machine produced temporary blankets should contain any growth or germination
have a consistent thickness with the organic inhibiting factors. The blanket should
material evenly distributed over the entire have a photodegradable plastic mesh;
blanket area. All blankets should have a with a maximum mesh size of 5/8 x ¾
minimum width of 48 inches. Machine inch, securely bonded to the top of the
MA - 2
mat. The blanket should have a Always entrench the blanket beyond the top
minimum dry weight of 0.35 pounds and bottom of the slope and at any horizontal
per square yard. A maximum of two joint a minimum of 6 inches, or per
inches is allowable for the stitch pattern manufacturer’s recommendation. Overlap
and row spacing. This practice should vertical joints at least 3 inches, or per
be applied only to slopes. manufacturer’s recommendation (See Figure
2).
5. Jute mesh consists of woven root fiber
or yarn, with regularly spaced openings Permanent Matting: When installing
between strands. A typical jute mesh permanent matting in a storm water
will weigh approximately 1.0 pounds conveyance channel, begin at the bottom of the
per square yard for basic slope slope and progress upstream, centering the mat
applications. in the middle of the channel. Shingle upstream
layer over downstream layer, overlapping 3 feet.
Overlap 3 inches minimum along longitudinal
Permanent Matting
seams. Entrench the upper and lower edges
beyond the slope (See Figure 3).
Permanent matting consists of a web of
nettings, monofilaments or fibers that are Staples: Staples should be used to anchor
entangled to form a strong and dimensionally temporary blankets, and either staples or stakes
stable matrix. Mats should maintain their shape should be used to anchor permanent matting.
before, during, and after installation, under dry Follow manufacturer’s recommendations for
or water saturated conditions. Mats must be stapling or staking pattern and frequency.
stabilized against ultraviolet degradation and
Planting: Seed and any necessary soil
shall be inert to chemicals normally
amendments should be applied prior to
encountered in a natural soil environment.
installation of temporary blankets. For
INSTALLATION permanent mats, the area should be brought to
final grade, and any soil amendments tilled or
Always follow the manufacturer’s plowed into the soil surface. After the
recommendations for orienting, permanent mat has been installed and
overlapping, entrenching, and securing backfilled with topsoil, the area should be
blankets or mats. The following are basic seeded and mulched. Refer to specifications
guidelines that may vary by manufacturer or Disturbed Area Stabilization (With
application. Permanent Vegetation) – PS and Disturbed
Site Preparation: After the site has been Area Stabilization (With Mulch) – MU.
shaped and graded to the approved design,
prepare a friable seedbed relatively free from MAINTENANCE
clods and rocks more than one inch in diameter, Inspections of blankets and matting should be
and any foreign material that will prevent made before anticipated storm events (or series
contact of the blanket or mat with the soil of storm events such as intermittent showers
surface. over one or more days) and within 24 hours
Temporary Blankets: Erosion control blankets after the end of a storm event of 0.5 inches or
should generally be installed vertically from the greater, and at least once every fourteen
top of the slope to the bottom (See Figure 1). calendar days. Blanket and matting inspections
Trim blankets as necessary to fit the area to be should identify washed out areas, areas
covered. For slopes shallower than 2:1, and needing additional staples, and/or additional
with a height of twice the width of the blanket roll areas needing blankets or matting.
or less, up to a maximum height of 16 feet, the Maintenance needs identified in inspections or
blanket may be applied horizontally across the by other means shall be accomplished before
slope. For use in concentrated flow areas, the next storm event if possible, but in no case
place the blanket in the direction of the water more than seven days after the need is
flow. identified.
MA - 3
Erosion Control Blanket - Slope Installation
Anchor trench
3” to 4” typical overlap
Blankets are usually

Blankets are usually
installed
installed vertically
vertically on
theon the slope.
slope
Longitudinal anchor
trench may be needed for
long slopes
Splice with geotextile

stitching (preferable) or by
overlapping
Geotextile may be necessary

Geotextile may be necessary
to alleviate
behind hydrostatic
to alleviate
pressures. pressures
hydrostatic
Stakes or staples at recommended

spacing and pattern
NOT TO SCALE
Terminal treatment or anchoring as
recommended by manufacturer
3’ (typical)
NOTES:
NOTES:
6” 1.
1. Stitching blanket
Stitching blanket seams
seamsisis
preferable to
preferable to overlapping
overlappingblanket
blanket
12”
seams.
seams.
2.
2. Staking or stapling
Staking or staplinglayout
layoutshall
shall
conform
conform totomanufacturer’s
manufacturer’s
Backfill with compactable recommendations forslope
slope and
Backfill with
material recommendations for and
grade.
compactable material grade.
ANCHOR TRENCH
Figure 1
Source: Knoxville Engineering Department
MA - 4
Anchoring Details For Erosion Control Blanket
UPHILL ANCHOR SLOT:
Bury the uphill end of the mat within a trench at least 6” deep (12”
deep for longer slopes). Tamp the soil firmly. Staple or stake at 12”
intervals across the mat.
OVERLAP:
Overlap edges of the strips at least 3” (and preferably more for

channels). Stake or staple every 12” down the center of the overlap.
ANCHOR SLOT (WITHIN A CHANNEL):
Dig a slot 6” deep and 6” wide at end of the PREVIOUS roll, and
PREVIOUS insert NEXT roll on bottom and sides of anchor slot. Insert the
PREVIOUS roll on bottom and sides of anchor slot, and then install
stakes or staples through both rolls at the bottom of the anchor slot.
Fill anchor slot with soil, tamp firmly, and then install NEXT roll in the
NEXT
upstream direction.
CHECK SLOTS:
Check slots should be made every 50 feet on slopes and intermittent

drainage channels. Insert a fold of the mat into a 6” deep trench and
tamp firmly. Staple or stake at 12” intervals across the mat. Lay mat
smoothly on the surface of the soil. Do not stretch the mat and do
not allow wrinkles.
ANCHORING ENDS AT STRUCTURES:
Place end of mat in a 12” deep slot at the side

of structure. Place stakes or staples at 12”
intervals within slot. Fill trench and tamp
firmly. Roll mat up the channel or downhill
as necessary.
Figure 2
MA - 5
Erosion Control Matting - Channel Installation
Backfill with
Backfill with
compactable
compactable Backfill
Backfill withwith
material
material compactablematerial
compactable material
Anchor Trench at Structure Longitudinal Anchor Trench
Anchor trench at structure
Longitudinal anchor trench
Anchor slot
Longitudinal anchor trench

Stakes or staples at
recommended spacing
and pattern NOT TO SCALE
NOTES:
NOTES:
1.
1. Stitching blanket seams
Stitching matting seamsisis
preferable to overlapping
preferable to overlapping blanket
seams.
matting seams.
2. Staking or stapling layout shall
2. Staking ortostapling
conform layout should
manufacturer’s
conform to manufacturer’s
recommendations for slope and
recommendations for flow and
grade.
grade.
Check Slot in Channel (overlapping)
Figure 3
MA - 6
Polyacrylamide – PAM
DEFINITION particles to bind together and settle within the

pond.
The land application or storm water application
of product containing anionic polyacrylamide This temporary practice is not intended for
(PAM). application to surface waters of the state. It
PURPOSE is intended for application within construction
storm water drainages that feed into pre-
Land application of PAM is performed to reduce constructed sediment ponds or basins.
soil surface erosion due to wind and/or water
forces. Storm water applications of PAM PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
promote settling of fine soil particles in sediment Anionic PAM is available in emulsions,
basins. powders, and gel bars or logs. It is required that
other Best Management Practices be used in
CONDITIONS combination with anionic PAM. The use of
seed and mulch for additional erosion protection
Polyacrylamides have two general erosion and beyond the life of the anionic PAM is
sediment control applications. One temporary recommended. Repeat application if
practice is direct soil surface application to sites disturbance occurs to target area.
where the timely establishment of vegetation
may not be feasible or where vegetative cover The following recommendations relating to
is absent or inadequate. Such areas may design may enhance the use of, or avoid
include construction sites where land-disturbing problems with the practice:
activities prevent the establishment or
maintenance of a vegetative cover. The 1. Use 25-foot setbacks when applying
product may also be applied to storm water as it anionic PAM near natural water
enters sediment basins. This will cause soil bodies.
PAM - 1
2. Consider that performance of PAM Users of anionic PAM should obtain and follow
decreases with time and exposure to all Material Safety Data Sheet requirements and
ultraviolet light. manufacturer’s recommendations. Additives to
PAM such as fertilizers, solubility promoters or
3. In concentrated flow channels, the
inhibitors, should be nontoxic. The
effectiveness of PAM decreases.
manufacturer or supplier should provide written
4. Mulch to protect seed, if seed is applied application methods for PAM and PAM
with anionic PAM. mixtures. The application method should ensure
uniform coverage to the target and avoid drift to
5. Never add water to PAM, add PAM
non-target areas including waters of the state.
slowly to water. If water is added to
The manufacturer or supplier should also
PAM, clumping can form which can
provide written instructions to ensure proper
clog dispensers. This signifies
safety, storage, and mixing of the product.
incomplete dissolving of the PAM and
therefore increases the risk of under- Gel bars or logs of anionic PAM mixtures may
application. be used in ditch systems. This application
should meet the same testing requirement as
6. NOT ALL POLYMERS ARE PAM. anionic PAM emulsions and powders.
DESIGN CRITERIA To prevent exceeding the acrylamide monomer
limit in the event of a spill, the anionic PAM in
Application rates should conform to pure form should not exceed 200 pounds/batch
manufacturer’s guidelines for application. Only at 0.05% acrylamide monomer (AMD) or 400
the anionic form of PAM should be used. pounds/batch at 0.025% AMD.
Cationic PAM is toxic and should NOT be
used. PAM and PAM mixtures should be MAINTENANCE
environmentally benign, harmless to fish, Inspections should be made before anticipated
wildlife, and plants. PAM and PAM mixtures storm events (or series of storm events such as
should be noncombustible. intermittent showers over one or more days)
Anionic PAM, in pure form, should have less and within 24 hours after the end of a storm
than or equal to 0.05% acrylamide monomer by event of 0.5 inches or greater, and at least once
weight, as established by the Food and Drug every fourteen calendar days. Maintenance
Administration and the Environmental needs identified in inspections or by other
Protection Agency. To maintain less than or means shall be accomplished before the next
equal to 0.05% of acrylamide monomer, the storm event if possible, but in no case more
maximum application rate of PAM, in pure form, than seven days after the need is identified.
should not exceed 200 pounds/acre/year. Do Maintenance will consist of reapplying anionic
not over apply PAM. Excessive application of PAM to disturbed areas including high use
PAM can lower infiltration rate or suspend solids traffic areas that interfere in the performance of
in water, rather than promoting settling. this practice.
PAM - 2
STRUCTURAL PRACTICES
Check Dam - CD
DEFINITION
• Other locations where small localized
Small temporary barrier, grade control erosion and sedimentation problems
structure, or dam constructed across a exist.
swale, drainage ditch, or area of
concentrated flow. DESIGN CRITERIA
PURPOSE Formal design is not required. The following
standards should be used:
To minimize the erosion rate by reducing the
velocity of storm water in areas of Drainage Area: For stone check dams, the
concentrated flow, and to capture larger soil drainage area should not exceed one
particles. acre. For rock check dams, the drainage
area should not exceed five acres.
CONDITIONS
Spacing: Two or more check dams in series
This practice is applicable for use in small should be used for drainage areas greater
open channels and is not to be used in a than one acre. Maximum spacing between
stream. Specific applications include: dams should be such that the toe of the
upstream dam is at the same elevation as
• Temporary or permanent swales or the top of the downstream dam. (See Figure
ditches in need of protection during 1)
establishment of grass linings.
• Temporary or permanent swales or Height: The center of the check dam should
ditches that, due to their short length of be at least 9 inches lower than outer edges.
service or for other reasons, cannot Dam height should be 2 feet maximum
receive a permanent non-erodible lining measured to the center of the check dam.
for an extended period of time. (See Figure 2)
CD - 1
Side Slopes: Side slopes should be 2:l or dam will be more stable and less likely to
less. wash out. A disadvantage of keying into the
swale or channel bottom is that the channel
Geotextiles: A geotextile should be used as will have to be repaired and reshaped
a separator between the graded stone and whenever the rock check dam is removed.
the soil base and abutments. The geotextile
will prevent the migration of soil particles Sandbag Check Dam - CD-SB: Sandbags
from the subgrade into the graded stone. filled with either aggregate or sand may also
Geotextiles should be “set” into the subgrade be used as a check dam. Sandbags should
soils. The geotextile should be placed be staked and tied together, after being
immediately adjacent to the subgrade without placed in a staggered fashion. Provide an
any voids and extend five feet beyond the overflow weir in the center of the channel
down stream toe of the dam to prevent scour. similar to the check dam in Figure 2.
Refer to specification Geotextile – GE.
INSPECTION
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
Inspections of erosion control measures
The following types of check dams are used should be made before anticipated storm
for this standard: events (or series of storm events such as
intermittent showers over one or more days)
Stone Check Dams - CD-S: Stone check and within 24 hours after the end of a storm
dams are constructed from large aggregate event of 0.5 inches or greater, and at least
(clean of fines) such as TDOT #1 or #2 with a once every fourteen calendar days. Where
minimum stone size of 1.5 inch. These sites have been finally or temporarily
structures are used for small drainage stabilized, such inspection may be conducted
areas up to 1 acre. only once per month.
Rock Check Dam - CD-R: Rock check MAINTENANCE

dams are constructed from small riprap such
as TDOT Class A-1 (clean of fines) with Sediment should be removed before it
stone sizes from 2 to 15 inches. These reaches a depth of one-half the original dam
structures are used for drainage areas up height. Maintenance needs identified in
to 5 acres. An upstream layer of smaller inspections or by other means should be
aggregate may be used for filtering. Rock accomplished before the next storm event if
can be placed by hand or by mechanical possible, but in no case more than seven
methods (no dumping of rock) to achieve days after the need is identified.
complete ditch or swale coverage. Refer to
Riprap - RR for riprap and aggregate If the area is to be mowed, check dams
specifications. should be removed once final stabilization
has occurred. Otherwise, check dams may
Rock check dams should be keyed into the remain in place permanently. After removal,
swale or channel bottom at, typically, a depth the disturbed area should be seeded and
of 6 inches. Advantages of keying into the mulched immediately.
swale or channel bottom are that the check
CD - 2
Spacing Between Check Dams
L = The distance such that points A and B

are of equal elevation
Figure 1
Height Of Check Dams
Source: GA SWCCC
Figure 2
CD - 3
Construction Exit - CE
DEFINITION washed, and well graded. Refer to

specification Riprap – RR for aggregate size
A stone-stabilized pad located at any point tables.
where traffic will be leaving a construction
site to a public roadway. Pad Thickness: The gravel pad should have
a minimum thickness of 6 inches.
PURPOSE
Pad Length and Width: At a minimum, the
To reduce or eliminate the transport of width should equal full width of all points of
material from the construction area onto a vehicular egress, but not less than 20 feet
public roadway. wide. Pad length should be no less than 50
feet.
CONDITIONS
Washing: If the action of the vehicle
This practice is applied at appropriate points traveling over the gravel pad does not
of construction egress. Geotextile under- sufficiently remove the material, the tires
liners are required to stabilize and support should be washed prior to exit onto public
the pad aggregates. roadways. When washing is required, the
wash rack should be designed for the
DESIGN CRITERIA anticipated traffic loads and placed on level
ground, on a pad of coarse aggregate (such
Formal design is not required. A typical as TDOT #57). A typical wash rack is shown
construction exit is shown in Figure 1. The in Figure 2. The wash rack design may
following standards should be used: consist of other materials suitable for truck
traffic that remove mud and dirt. The wash
Aggregate Size: Stone should be in rack should have provisions that intercept the
accordance with TDOT #1 or #2 stone sediment-laden runoff and direct it into a
specifications (1.5 to 3.5 inch stone), sediment trap or sediment basin.
CE - 1
Location: The exit should be located Geotextile: The geotextile under-liner must
wherever traffic will be leaving a construction be placed the full length and width of the exit.
site directly onto a public roadway. Refer to specification Geotextile – GE.
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS INSPECTIONS
It is recommended that the exit area be Inspections of construction exit should be

excavated to a depth of 3 inches and be made at the end of each shift or workday.
cleared of all vegetation and roots.
MAINTENANCE
Waterbar Diversion: On sites where the
grade toward the public roadway is greater The exit should be maintained in a condition
than 2%, a waterbar diversion 6 to 8 inches that will prevent tracking or flow of material
high with 3:l side slopes should be onto public rights-of-way. This may require
constructed across the foundation of the periodic top dressing with fresh stone, as
construction exit to prevent storm water conditions demand, and repair and/or
runoff from leaving the site. Refer to cleanout of any structures to trap sediment.
specification Diversion – DI. Diverted runoff All materials spilled, dropped, washed, or
should be directed into a sediment trap or tracked from vehicles or site onto roadways
sediment basin. Refer to specification or into storm drains must be removed
Sediment Trap – ST or Sediment Basin – immediately.
SB.
CE - 2
Construction Exit
Geotextile under-liner
Figure 1
CE - 3
Typical Washrack for Construction Exit
Figure 2
CE - 4
Construction Road Stabilization - CRS
DEFINITION PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
The use of construction specifications, Areas graded for construction vehicle

techniques, and materials to stabilize soils on transport and parking purposes are
which a travel way is constructed as part of a especially susceptible to erosion. The
construction plan. A travel way may include exposed soil is continually disturbed,
access roads, subdivision roads, parking eliminating the possibility of stabilization with
areas, and other on-site vehicle vegetation. The prolonged exposure of the
transportation routes not accessible to public roads and parking areas to surface runoff
traffic. can create severe rill erosion and/or
sedimentation, requiring regrading before
PURPOSE paving. The soil removed during this process
may enter streams and other waters of the
To provide a fixed route for construction state, compromising water quality.
traffic, and to reduce erosion and subsequent Additionally, because unfinished roads
re-grading of permanent roadbeds between become so unstable during wet weather, they
the time of initial grading and final are virtually unusable, limiting access, and
stabilization. causing delays in construction
CONDITIONS DESIGN CRITERIA
This practice is applicable where travel ways The application of this practice does not
are needed in a planned land use area or require formal design. The following
wherever stone-base roads or parking areas standards should be used:
are constructed, whether permanent or
temporary, for use by construction traffic.
CRS - 1
Temporary Roads and Parking Areas width should be increased to a minimum of
20 feet for a distance of 30 feet.
Location: Temporary roads should be
located to serve the purpose intended; Side Slopes: All cuts and/or fills should have
facilitate the control and disposal of water; side slopes designed to be stable for the
control or reduce erosion; and make the best particular site conditions and soil materials
use of topographic features. Temporary involved. All cuts and/or fills should be 2:l or
parking areas should be located on naturally less, to the extent possible. When
flat areas to minimize grading. maintenance by machine mowing is planned,
side slopes should be no steeper than 3:l.
Temporary roads should follow the contour of
the natural terrain to minimize disturbance of Drainage: The type of drainage structure
drainage patterns. If a temporary road must used will depend on the type of activity and
cross a stream, the crossing must be runoff conditions. The capacity and design
designed, installed, and maintained should be consistent with sound engineering
according to specification Temporary principles and should be adequate for the
Stream Crossing - TSC. class of vehicle, type of road, development,
or use. Structures should be designed to
All stream crossings require authorization withstand flows from a 25-year, 24-hour
from the Tennessee Division of Water frequency storm. Ditches should be designed
Pollution Control and United States Army to be on stable grades and/or protected with
Corps of Engineers prior to construction. structures or linings for stability.
For more information, see Appendix C
and: Water breaks or bars may be used to control
http://www.state.tn.us/environment/permit surface runoff on low-intensity use roads.
s/arap.htm Refer to specification Diversion – DI.
Grade and Alignment: The gradient and Stabilization: A 6-inch layer of coarse
vertical and horizontal alignment should be aggregate, such as TDOT #57, should be
adapted to the intensity of use, mode of applied immediately after grading or the
travel, and level of development. Grades for completion of utility installation within the
temporary roads should not exceed ten right-of-way. In areas experiencing heavy
percent except for very short lengths (200 traffic, stone should be placed at an 8 to I0
feet or less), but maximum grades of 20 inch depth to avoid excessive dissipation or
percent or more may be used if necessary for maintenance needs.
special uses. Frequent grade changes
generally cause fewer erosion problems than Geotextile should be applied beneath the
long continuous gradients. Grades for stone for additional stability. Refer to
temporary parking areas should be sufficient specification Geotextile – GE.
to provide drainage but should not exceed
four percent. All roadside ditches, cuts, fills, and disturbed
areas adjacent to parking areas and roads
Curves and switchbacks must be of sufficient should be stabilized with appropriate
radius for trucks and other large vehicles to temporary or permanent seeding according
negotiate easily. On temporary roads, the to specification in Disturbed Area
radius should be no less than 35 feet for Stabilization (With Temporary Vegetation)
standard vehicles and 50 feet for tractor- - TS and Disturbed Area Stabilization
trailers. (With Permanent Vegetation) – PS, or with
rock armoring according to specification in
Width: Temporary roadbeds should be at Riprap – RR.
least 14 feet wide for one-way traffic and 20
feet wide for two-way traffic. The width for Permanent Roads and Parking Areas
two-way traffic should be increased
approximately four feet for trailer traffic. A Permanent roads and parking areas should
minimum shoulder width should be two feet be designed and constructed according to
on each side. Where turnouts are used, road
CRS - 2
criteria established by the local authority and exceed 6 inches. Each layer should be
TDOT. Permanent roads and parking areas properly compacted.
should be stabilized in accordance with this
specification, applying an initial base course 6. Roads should be planned and laid out with
of gravel immediately following grading. storm water flow paths in mind.
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS INSPECTIONS
1. Trees, stumps, brush, roots, weeds, and Inspections of erosion control measures
other objectionable materials should be should be made before anticipated storm
removed from the work area. events (or series of storm events such as
2. Unsuitable material should be removed and within 24 hours after the end of a storm
from the roadbed and parking areas. event of 0.5 inches or greater, and at least
once every fourteen calendar days. Where
3. Grading, subgrade preparation, and sites have been finally or temporarily
compaction should be done as needed. Fill stabilized, such inspection may be conducted
material should be deposited in layers not to only once per month.
exceed 9 inches and compacted with the
controlled movement of compacting and MAINTENANCE
earth moving equipment.
Add top dressing of stone to roads and
parking areas to maintain a gravel depth of 6
4. The roadbed and parking area should be inches.
graded to the required elevation. Subgrade
preparation and placement of the surface Remove any silt or other debris causing
layer should be in accordance with sound
clogging of roadside ditches or other
highway construction practice.
drainage structure.
5. Structures such as culverts, pipe drops, or Maintenance needs identified in inspections

bridges should be installed to the lines and or by other means should be accomplished
grades shown on the plans or as staked in before the next storm event if possible, but in
the field. Culverts should be placed on a firm no case more than seven days after the need
foundation. Selected backfill material should is identified.
be placed around the culvert in layers not to
CRS - 3
Dewatering Structure - DW
DEFINITION One of several types of dewatering

structures may be constructed depending
A temporary structure for settling and/or upon site conditions and type of operation.
filtering sediment-laden water that is A well stabilized, onsite, vegetated area
discharged from dewatering activities. may serve as a dewatering device if the
area is stabilized so that it can filter
PURPOSE sediment and at the same time withstand
the velocity of the discharged water without
To settle and filter sediment-laden water prior eroding. The discharge of sediment-laden
to the water being discharged off-site. water onto a vegetated area should not
pose a threat to the survival of the existing
CONDITIONS vegetative stand through smothering by
sedimentation. A minimum filtering length
Wherever sediment-laden water must be of 75 feet must be available in order for
removed from a construction activity by such a method to be feasible.
means of pumping.
DESIGN CRITERIA
PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
Formal design is not required. The following
Water that is pumped from a construction information should be considered:
site usually contains a large amount of
sediment. A dewatering structure is A dewatering structure must be sized (and
typically needed to remove the sediment operated) to allow pumped water to flow
before water is released off-site. through the filtering device without
overtopping the structure. An excavated
basin may be lined with geotextile to help
reduce scour and to prevent the inclusion of
DW - 1
soil from within the structure. Types of the excavation to the crest of the stone weir.
dewatering devices are shown in Figures 1 In any case, the excavated area should be a
and 2. minimum of 3 feet below the base of the
perimeter measures (straw bales or silt
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS fence). The perimeter measures must be
installed according to the specification Silt
Portable Sediment Tank (see Figure 1) Fence- SF.
Materials: The sediment tank may be Operation: Once the water level nears the
constructed with steel drums, sturdy wood or crest of the stone weir (emergency overflow),
other material suitable for handling the the pump must be shut off while the
pressure exerted by the volume of water. The structure drains down to the elevation of the
structure should have a minimum depth of excavated area. The remaining water may be
two feet. removed only after a minimum of 6 hours of
sediment settling time. This effluent should
Location: The location for the sediment tank be pumped across an area with established
should be chosen for easy clean-out and vegetation or through a silt fence prior to
disposal of the trapped sediment, and to entering a watercourse. When the excavated
minimize the interference with construction area becomes filled to one-half of the
activities. excavated depth, accumulated sediment
should be removed and properly disposed of.
Storage Volume: The following formula
should be used to determine the storage Sediment Filter Bag (see Photograph)
volume of the sediment tank:
Materials: The filter bag should be
Pump discharge (gpm) x 16 = cubic feet of constructed of non-woven geotextile material
storage required that will provide adequate filtering ability to
capture the larger soil particles from the
Operation: Once the water level nears the pumped water. The bag should be
top of the tank, the pump must be shut off constructed so that there is an inlet neck that
while the tank drains and additional capacity may be clamped around the dewatering
is made available. The tank should be pump discharge hose so that all of the
designed to allow for emergency flow over pumped water passes through the bag.
the top of the tank. Clean-out of the tank is
required once one-third of the original Location: The filter bag should be used in
capacity is depleted due to sediment combination with a straw bale/silt fence pit
accumulation. The tank should be clearly when located within 50 feet of a stream.
marked showing the clean-out point. When the distance to a stream is greater
than 50 feet, the bag may be placed on well-
Straw Bale /Silt Fence Pit (see Figure 2) established grass, or on an aggregate pad
constructed of TDOT # 57 stone at a
Materials: The straw bale/silt fence pit minimum depth of 6 inches. The bag should
should consist of straw bales, silt fence, a never be placed on bare soil.
stone outlet (a combination of TDOT Class
A-1 Riprap and TDOT #1 Aggregate) and an Storage Volume: The capacity of the
excavated wet storage pit. sediment filter bag should be adequate to
handle the dewatering pump discharge, and
Storage Volume: The following formula should be based on the bag manufacturer’s
should be used to determine the storage recommendation.
volume of the straw bale/silt fence pit:
Operation: When used in conjunction with a
Pump discharge (gpm) x 16 = cubic feet of straw bale/silt fence pit, a filter bag may be
storage required operated until the water in the pit reaches the
crest of the emergency overflow. The pump
In calculating the capacity, one should must be shut off at this point.
include the volume available from the floor of
DW - 2
When placed on either a stone pad or well-
established grass, the pad may be operated MAINTENANCE
until such time the discharge from the bag
reaches a stream. Unless the discharge is at The filtering devices must be inspected
least as clear as the receiving water, the frequently and repaired or replaced once the
pump must be shut off at this point. sediment build-up prevents the structure from
functioning as designed.
Disposal: When the bag has been
completely filled with sediment it should be The accumulated sediment which is
cut open, regraded in place, and immediately removed from a dewatering device must be
stabilized with either sod or erosion control spread on-site and stabilized or disposed of
blanket. Refer to specifications Disturbed at an approved disposal site as per the
Area Stabilization (with Sod) – SO, or SWPPP.
Erosion Control Blanket/Matting – MA,
respectively.
DW - 3
Portable Sediment Tank
Figure 1
DW - 4
Straw Bale/Silt Fence Pit
Figure 2
DW - 5
Diversion - DI
DEFINITION • Clean storm water is coming onto the site

and needs to be conveyed across or
A channel of compacted soil constructed around the disturbed area to prevent
above, across, or below a slope, with a contamination.
supporting earthen ridge on the lower side.
DESIGN CRITERIA
PURPOSE
Professionals familiar with the design of
To reduce the erosion of steep, or otherwise storm water conveyance systems should
highly erodible areas by reducing slope prepare construction plans and drawings for
lengths, intercepting storm runoff and diversion designs. A diversion consists of two
diverting it to a stable outlet at a non-erosive components: the ridge and the channel.
velocity, or to convey storm water through a
construction site. Ridge Design: The ridge should be
compacted and designed to have stable side
CONDITIONS slopes, which should not be steeper than 2:l.
When maintenance by machine mowing is
This standard applies to temporary and planned, side slopes should be no steeper
permanent diversions in land-disturbing than 3:1. The ridge should be a minimum
activities. Diversions are applicable where: width of four feet at the design water
elevation after settlement. Its design should
• The slope length needs to be reduced to allow for ten percent settlement.
minimize erosion.
Channel Design: Land slope must be taken
• Runoff from upslope areas is, or has the
into consideration when choosing channel
potential for, damaging property,
dimensions. On the steeper slopes, narrow
flooding, or preventing the establishment
and deep channels may be required. On the
of vegetation on lower areas.
more gentle slopes, broad, shallow channels
DI - 1
usually are applicable. The wide, shallow soil running diagonally across the road at a
section will be easier to maintain. Since 30º angle. Ridges are constructed by
sediment deposition is often a problem in excavating a channel up-slope, and using the
diversions, the designed flow velocity should excavated material for the compacted ridge.
be kept as high as the channel lining will
permit. Unless the purpose of the diversion The compacted ridge height should be 8-12”
is to convey clean water around the disturbed above the original road surface; the channel
area, a diversion should lead to a sediment- depth should be 8- 12” below the original
trapping device. road surface. Channel bottoms and ridge
tops should be smooth enough to be crossed
Table 1 lists minimum design criteria for by vehicular traffic. The maximum spacing
diversions. The storm frequency is used to between diversions is shown in Table 2.
determine the required channel capacity Waterbars should discharge to a stabilized
(peak rate of runoff). conveyance that carries the storm water to
an approved outlet or treatment structure.
The channel portion of the diversion may
have a parabolic, trapezoidal, or vee-shaped CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
cross-section, as shown in Figure 1.
Professional design following sound 1. All trees, brush, stumps, obstructions, and
engineering practice must be used to other objectionable material should be
compute the capacity and dimension of the removed and disposed of so as not to
channel. interfere with the proper functioning of the
diversion.
Location: Diversion location should be
determined by considering outlet conditions, 2. The diversion should be excavated or
topography, land use, soil type, length of shaped to line, grade, and cross section as
slope, seep planes (when seepage is a designed to meet the criteria specified herein
problem), and the development layout. and be free of irregularities that will impede
Diversions should be tailored to fit the normal flow.
conditions for particular location and soil
type(s).
3. All fills should be machine compacted as
needed to prevent unequal settlement that
Outlets: Each diversion must have an
would cause damage in the completed
adequate outlet. The outlet may be a
diversion.
constructed or natural waterway, a stabilized
vegetated area or another energy dissipation
device. Refer to specification Storm Drain 4. All earth removed and not needed in
Outlet Protection – OP. In all cases, the construction should be spread or disposed of
outlet must discharge in such a manner as to so that it will not interfere with the functioning
not cause erosion or sedimentation of the diversion.
problems. Protected outlets should be
constructed and stabilized prior to 5. Diversion channels should be stabilized in
construction of the diversion. accordance with designed plans and
specifications.
Stabilization: Channels should be stabilized
in accordance with sound engineering INSPECTION
practice to provide adequate stability for
expected water velocities. Inspections of erosion control measures
should be made before anticipated storm
WATERBAR DIVERSIONS FOR events (or series of storm events such as
ROADS intermittent showers over one or more days)
and within 24 hours after the end of a storm
A detailed design is not required for this type event of 0.5 inches or greater, and at least
of diversion. Diversions installed to divert once every fourteen calendar days. Where
water off a road or right-of-way should sites have been finally or temporarily
consist of a series of compacted ridges of
DI - 2
stabilized, such inspection may be conducted MAINTENANCE
only once per month.
Maintenance needs identified in inspections
or by other means should be accomplished
before the next storm event if possible, but in
no case more than seven days after the need
is identified.
Diversion Design Criteria
Land or
Storm Minimum
Diversion Type Improvement Freeboard
Frequency Ridge Width
Protected
Construction
Temporary 2yr / 24 hr 0.3 4 feet
Areas
Landscaped,
Permanent recreation and 25yr / 24hr 0.3 4 feet
similar areas
Dwellings,
schools,
commercial
Permanent 50yr / 24hr 0.5 4 feet
bldgs., and
similar
installations
Table 1
Source: GA SWCC
Maximum Spacing Between Waterbar Diversions
Road Grade Distance Between

(Percent) Diversions (Feet)
1 400
2 250
5 125
10 80
15 60
20 50
Table 2
Source: GA SWCC
DI - 3
Typical Diversion Cross-Sections
Typical Parabolic Diversion
Typical Trapezoidal Diversion
Typical Vee-Shaped Diversion
Figure 1
Source: VA DSWC
DI - 4
Filter Ring - FR
DEFINITION Location: The filter ring should surround all

sides of the structure receiving runoff from
A temporary stone barrier constructed at disturbed areas. See Figure 1 for a typical
storm drain inlets. stone filter ring. It should be placed a
minimum of four feet from the structure. The
PURPOSE ring should be constructed so that it does not
substantially impound water, causing flooding
This structure is used to reduce flow or damage to adjacent areas.
velocities and prevent the failure of other
sediment control devices. It also prevents Stone Size: When utilized at inlets/outlets
sediment from leaving the site or entering with diameters less than 12 inches, the filter
drainage systems, prior to permanent ring should be constructed of small riprap
stabilization of the disturbed area. such as TDOT Class A-3 (clean from fines)
with stone sizes from 2 to 6 inches. Refer to
CONDITIONS Riprap - RR for riprap and aggregate
specifications.
Filter rings should be used in combination
with other sediment control measures. They When utilized at inlets with diameters greater
can be installed at or around devices such as than 12 inches, the filter ring should be
storm drain inlets or slope drain inlets. constructed of small riprap such as TDOT
Class A-1 (clean from fines) with stone sizes
DESIGN CRITERIA from 2 to 15 inches.
Formal design is not required. The following For added sediment filtering capabilities, the
standards should be used: upstream side of the riprap can be faced with
smaller coarse aggregate, such as TDOT
#57 (clean of fines) with a minimum stone
size of ¾ inch.
FR - 1
Geotextiles: A geotextile should be used as close or too high above the structure to be
a separator between the graded stone and enhanced.
the soil base and abutments. The geotextile
will prevent the migration of soil particles INSPECTION
from the subgrade into the graded stone.
Geotextiles should be “set” into the subgrade Inspections of the filter ring should be made
soils. The geotextile should be placed before anticipated storm events (or series of
immediately adjacent to the subgrade without storm events such as intermittent showers
any voids and extend to beneath the inlet to over one or more days) and within 24 hours
prevent scour within the filter ring. Refer to after the end of a storm event of 0.5 inches
specification Geotextile – GE. or greater, and at least once every fourteen
calendar days. Where sites have been finally
Height: The filter ring should be constructed or temporarily stabilized, such inspection
at a height no less than two feet from grade. may be conducted only once per month.
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS MAINTENANCE
Mechanical or hand placement of stone The filter ring must be kept clear of trash and
should be utilized to uniformly surround the debris. Sediment should be removed when
structure to be supplemented. The filter ring the level reaches one-half the height of the
may be constructed on natural ground filter ring. These structures are temporary
surface, on an excavated surface, or on and should be removed when the land-
machine compacted fill. A common failure of disturbing project has been stabilized.
filter rings is caused by their placement too
FR - 2
Stone Filter Ring
Cross-Section
CULVERT
HEADWALL
MINIMUM
2 FEET
MINIMUM
COARSE
SMALL GEOTEXTILE
4 FEET
AGGREGATE
RIPRAP
(OPTIONAL)
Perspective View
HEADWALL
Riprap Headwal
CULVERT
Pipe Inver
MINIMUM 4 FEET
MINIMUM
2 FEET
Figure 1
Source: GA SWCC
FR - 3
Gabion - GA
DEFlNlTlON • Culvert headwalls and outlet aprons

• Shore and beach protection
Large, multi-celled, welded wire or • Check dams
rectangular wire mesh boxes, used as
channel revetments, retaining walls, DESIGN CRITERIA
abutments, check dams, etc.
Professionals familiar with the use of gabions
PURPOSE should prepare construction plans and
drawings. Erosion and sediment control
Rock-filled baskets, properly wired together, construction plans should ensure that
to form flexible monolithic building blocks foundations are properly prepared to receive
used for construction of erosion control gabions; that the gabion structure is securely
structures and to stabilize steep slopes or “keyed” into the foundations and abutment
highly erosive materials. surfaces; and that the rock used is durable
and adequately sized to be retained in the
CONDITIONS baskets. See Figure 1 for a typical gabion
installation.
The practice is applicable wherever slope
steepness or erosion potential exceeds the CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
management capacity of less complicated
applications. Gabions are typically a Filling: The gabion is usually filled with 4 - 8
permanent or semi-permanent slope and/or inch pieces of stone (clean; without fines),
soil stabilization application. Typical preferably placed by hand, but sometimes
installations include: dumped mechanically, into the basket. Hand
packing allows the complete filling of the
• Retaining walls basket; allowing the basket to gain strength
• Bridge abutments and wing walls and maintain its integrity. The filled gabion
then becomes a large, flexible, and
GA - 1
permeable building block from which a broad However, estimated required wire strength
range of structures may be built. This is done should be considered in the selection of wire
by setting and wiring individual, empty versus plastic.
baskets together in courses and filling them
in place. The manufacturer should provide Permeability: If properly designed and
installation details. constructed, hydrostatic pressure does not
develop behind a gabion wall. The wall is
Geotextiles: It is recommended that pervious to water and stabilizes a slope by
geotextiles be used behind all gabion the combined action of draining and
structures. If there is seepage from the retaining. Drainage is accomplished by
excavated soil face, the appropriate gravity and by evaporation as the porous
geotextile should be selected to prevent the structure permits active air circulation
build-up of hydrostatic pressure behind the through it. Moreover, as plant growth invades
geotextile. Improper geotextile selection may the structure, transpiration further assists in
result in failure of the structure or piping and removing moisture from the backfill.
erosion around the structure. Refer to
specification Geotextile – GE. INSPECTION
Corrosion Resistance of Gabions: The Inspect for signs of undercutting or excessive

wire mesh or welded wire used in gabions is erosion at transition areas, and around or
heavily galvanized. For highly corrosive under the structure. Inspections should be
conditions, a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) coating made before anticipated storm events (or
must be used over the galvanizing. Such series of storm events such as intermittent
treatment is an economical solution to showers over one or more days) and within
deterioration of the wire near the ocean; in 24 hours after the end of a storm event of 0.5
some industrial areas; and/or in polluted inches or greater, and at least once every
streams. However, extra care should be fourteen calendar days. Where sites have
taken during construction and installation been finally or temporarily stabilized, such
because the corrosion resistance of the inspection may be conducted only once per
baskets is compromised if the PVC coating is month.
chipped off. Baskets manufactured
completely of plastic are also available.
GA - 2
Gabion Installation
Gabion Toe Wall
GABIONS
Gabion Revetment
REVETMENT
GABION TOE WALL
LAYER OF GRAVEL
Figure 1
Source: Chattanooga Public Works Department
GA - 3
Geotextile – GE
DEFINITION • To prevent the buildup of hydrostatic

pressure behind gabion, decorative, or
A geosynthetic fabric, either woven or non-
retaining walls
woven, applied to either the soil surface or
between materials. DESIGN CRITERIA
PURPOSE The application of geotextile does not require
professional design for most uses. If hydrostatic
To reduce erosion by, and sediment found in,
pressure is a concern for stability of a retaining
storm generated water by providing filtration,
wall, consult a professional experienced in the
separation, or stabilization properties.
selection of geotextile fabric.
CONDITIONS Geotextile selection should be based on
Geotextiles provide stabilization, filtration, and guidelines within AASHTO M288 Standard
separation properties. This standard may be Specification.
used when there is a need for separation CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
between two materials that are likely to
otherwise interfere with one another. Examples Geotextiles should be non-toxic to vegetation,
of this situation include: be inert to common chemicals, and be mildew
and rot resistant. Materials should meet or
• Separating subsoil from aggregate exceed the strength, elongation, permittivity,
within a subsurface drain apparent opening size, and ultraviolet stability
• Separating subsoil from aggregate properties of the requirements outlined in
placed at the soil surface AASHTO M288 for the respective use.
• Stabilization of soil surface during

temporary stream diversion
GE - 1
INSTALLATION be dumped from a height greater than five feet.
Damaged portions may be patched with fabric
Geotextiles should be installed according to overlapping on all sides a minimum of one foot,
manufacturer’s specifications. The installation or the specified seam overlap, whichever is
site should be prepared without voids, and greater. Construction vehicles should not be
without rocks, clods, or debris greater than 1 driven directly onto the geotextile.
inch in size. The geotextile should be placed
loosely, with no wrinkles or folds, in direct MAINTENANCE
contact with the soil surface.
Geotextiles are generally installed in
Overlap of successive sheets should place the conjunction with some other practice.
upstream or upslope sheet on top of the Inspections should be conducted
downslope sheet. Field joining of sheets should simultaneously, and should be made before
be accomplished by sewing or thermal welding anticipated storm events (or series of storm
for critical applications such as stream events such as intermittent showers over one
diversions or steep slopes. Field joining for or more days) and within 24 hours after the
regular applications may also be accomplished end of a storm event of 0.5 inches or greater,
by overlapping and then using stakes or staples and at least once every fourteen calendar
in the overlapped portion. The amount of days. Maintenance needs identified in
overlap depends on the size and positioning of inspections or by other means shall be
the stakes or staples. accomplished before the next storm event if
possible, but in no case more than seven
Aggregate should be placed carefully onto
days after the need is identified.
geotextile to prevent damage. It should never
GE - 2
Gradient Treatment - GT
DEFINITION There are several ways to create a gradient

terrace that will meet slope stability
Step or terrace features created along the requirements. Factors to be considered are
contour of steep or long slopes. the steepness of slope, mowing
requirements, and whether the slope is
PURPOSE formed by fill or by excavation. If terraced
slopes become unstable due to diverted flow,
Stepped slopes prevent slope erosion and alternative measures should be considered.
the formation of rills or washes by: Alternative measures can include flow
diversion, drains, and slope stabilization
• Decreasing runoff velocities. practices.
• Trapping sediment.
• Increasing infiltration of water DESIGN CRITERIA
into the soil.
• Supporting the establishment of Contour Furrow – GT-CO: Contour furrows
vegetative cover. (Figure 1) may be used for slopes which are
3:1 (H:V) or less. Diversion berms or
CONDITIONS channels may be necessary at the top of
slope and along the edges of the slope in
Stepped or terraced slopes, as well as any order to prevent concentrated storm water
permanent slopes which are steeper than runoff from eroding the slope. The maximum
3:1 (H:V), should be designed by a distance between furrows should be 40 feet,
professional based upon actual site and the maximum slope length should be
conditions. A stepped slope is not practical 200 feet.
for sandy soils or other soils with low
cohesiveness. Serrated Slope – GT-SE: A serrated slope
(Figure 2) may be used for slopes which are
GT - 1
2:1 (H:V) or less. This type of gradient methods. Designed drainage channels are
terrace is labor-intensive in that bladed located in the slope at regular intervals. The
equipment will be needed to make numerous designed drainage channel has a regular
passes along a slope, beginning at the top cross-section including slope and depth
and working downward. The maximum slope requirements. It may be necessary to locate
length should be 100 feet. intersecting channels to convey storm water
to the bottom of the slope. The maximum
Stepped Slope – GT-ST: Graded areas slope height between terraces shall be 30
steeper than 3:1 (H:V), which will not be feet for cut slopes and 25 feet for fill slopes.
mowed, should preferably have a stepped Terrace widths should be at least 6 feet wide.
slope as in Figure 3. The stair-stepping effect
will help vegetation become attached and INSPECTION
also trap soil eroded from the slopes above.
Stepped slopes are particularly appropriate in Inspections of the stepped slope treatment
soils containing rock. Each step catches should be made before anticipated storm
rocky material, which sloughs from above, events (or series of storm events such as
and provides a level site where vegetation intermittent showers over one or more days)
can become established. and within 24 hours after the end of a storm
event of 0.5 inches or greater, and at least
Steps should be wide enough to work with once every fourteen calendar days. Where
standard earth moving equipment. Preferably sites have been finally or temporarily
the horizontal distance should be at least 1.5 stabilized, such inspection may be conducted
times the vertical cut distance. Slightly grade only once per month.
the horizontal bench inwards (e.g. back
towards the top of slope). Do not make MAINTENANCE
individual vertical cuts more than 24 inches
high in soft materials or more than 36 inches Maintenance needs identified in inspections
high in rocky materials. or by other means should be accomplished
Terraced Slope – GT-TE: Terraced slopes no case more than seven days after the need
(Figure 3) should be used on most slopes is identified.
which are longer than those allowed for other
GT - 2
Contour Furrow – GT-CO
Notes:
1. Contour furrows will catch fertilizer,

seed, mulch, and rainfall to reduce
storm water runoff.
2. Contour furrows should be

designed with appropriate channel
slope to safely convey storm water
without excessive velocity.
Furrow should have stable

vegetation or channel
lining
6” typical
CONTOUR FURROW - DETAIL

40’ maximum length
between furrows
200’ maximum slope length
Contour furrow (see detail)
CONTOUR FURROW - SPACING
NOT TO SCALE
Figure 1
GT - 3
Serrated Slope – GT-SE
Typical distance from 1” to 3”
Typical distance from 6” to 18”
Maximum 2 (H)
1 (V)
SERRATED SLOPE - DETAIL
Maximum overall slope shall not be

greater than 2:1 (H:V). Maximum
slope length shall be 100 feet.
ATTACHMENT BLADE
MAXIMUM OVERALL SLOPE

Note:
Serrated slopes will catch fertilizer, seed,

mulch, and rainfall to reduce storm water
runoff.
NOT TO SCALE
Figure 2
GT - 4
Stepped Slope – GT-ST and Terraced Slope – GT-TE
Diversion
channel or
berm
Normal slope line
Ditch to catch loose

Notes: material (must be
cleaned regularly)
1. Vertical cut distance shall not exceed
24” for soft rock or 36” for very hard
rock.
2. Horizontal cut distance shall generally
be at least 1.5 times the vertical
distance.
3. Stepped slopes should be designed by
a professional, based upon actual site STEPPED SLOPE
conditions.
Terrace to include width for mowing

equipment and adequate ditch capacity
Diversion
channel or
berm
Normal slope line
Maximum
slope
height
Ditch to catch loose
material (must be
Notes: cleaned regularly)
Maximum
1. Maximum slope height between slope
terraces shall be 30 feet for cut height
slopes and 25 feet for fill slopes.
2. Terrace widths should be at least 6
feet wide. Design terrace ditches
to drain at non-erosive velocities. TERRACED SLOPE
3. Terraced slopes should be
designed by a professional, based
upon actual site conditions.
NOT TO SCALE
Figure 3
GT - 5
Riprap – RR
DEFINITION • In channels where infiltration is desirable,

but velocities are too excessive for
A permanent, erosion-resistant ground cover vegetative or geotextile lining.
of large, loose, angular stone with a • On slopes and areas where conditions
geotextile or granular underlining. may not allow vegetation to grow.
PURPOSE Riprap protection of banks and channels

of streams, rivers, and lakes requires
Riprap is used to protect culvert inlets and authorization from the Tennessee
outlets, stabilize stream banks, stabilize Division of Water Pollution Control and
drainage channels, and protect slopes and United States Army Corps of Engineers.
other areas subject to erosion by storm For more information, see Appendix C
water, where vegetative or geotextile and:
measures are not adequate or appropriate. http://www.state.tn.us/environment/permit
This practice significantly reduces erosion s/arap.htm
and sediment movement.
DESIGN CRITERIA
CONDITIONS
Riprap applications for channel or slope
Riprap may be used in many different stabilization should be designed by a
locations and many different ways: professional familiar with the design of storm
water conveyance structures.
• Along a stream or within drainage
channels, as a stable lining resistant to Stone riprap can either be placed as
erosion. machine-graded riprap (layers that can be
• On lakefronts and riverfronts, or other placed by machine and then compacted) or
areas subject to wave action. as rubble (large pieces of rock that are
• Around culvert outlets and inlets to placed by hand). Graded riprap is often used
prevent scour and undercutting. for channel linings because it is flexible and
RR - 1
can be compacted to a dense structure material that is of questionable origin should
without manual sorting or placement. be given a sodium sulfate soundness test to
determine its durability. Riprap material
Rubble-stone riprap can be used for an should have a specific gravity of at least 2.5.
attractive landscaped appearance but lacks
flexibility to adapt to settlement, washing out Gradation: Different classes of machined
of material, burrowing animals, etc. Hand riprap are shown in Table 1 taken from the
placed riprap is typically two-dimensional. TDOT Standard Specifications for Road and
Each piece is “keyed” into each other and Bridge Construction. Gradations are
the displacement of one piece may lead to commonly specified in terms of a specified
the failure of surrounding pieces. Machine percentage by weight being smaller than a
placed riprap layers are typically thicker, diameter. For example, TDOT calls for Class
providing more structural integrity. B riprap to have a D20 of at least 6 inches.
This means that for Class B riprap, 20% of
Riprap should be used only when other the stones, by weight, would be 6 inches in
methods of protection or stabilization are not diameter or larger. D0 would be the smallest
appropriate. Erosion control matting, allowable size and D100 would be the largest
geotextiles, and flexible mattresses are allowable size for any specified gradation.
examples of geosynthetics that provide an
alternative to channels lined with riprap or Other types of riprap materials are shown in
concrete. Some alternatives to riprap for Table 2. Rubble-stone riprap can be very
slopes include surface roughening, attractive as well as functional, but requires
vegetation, terracing, and mulching as found a great deal of hand labor and time.
elsewhere in this manual. Manufactured concrete products such as
interlocking blocks, articulated blocks, and
As a rough guideline, riprap can be specified revetment mattresses can resist very high
for a channel design flow velocity that is over flow velocities and are usually designed to
5 feet per second (approximate upper limit of be flexible for handling settlement and
most vegetative channel linings). The upper subgrade irregularities. Sacked riprap
limit for design flow velocity of a riprap (essentially a concrete lining) is also
channel lining depends primarily on the size labor-intensive and expensive to install.
of riprap specified and methods used for Concrete linings are discouraged because
securing riprap material in place. Sound they do not allow for wildlife habitats and
engineering practice should be used when may contribute to downstream drainage
considering flow velocity in the design of problems such as high storm water
channels. Graded machined riprap is usually velocities.
less expensive to install than hand-placed
riprap and tends to be more flexible in case For smaller aggregates (less than 2 inches
of settlement or movement. across), gradation is normally determined by
mechanically shaking several pounds of
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS material through a set of progressively
smaller sieves. Then it can be stated that a
Quality of Stone: Riprap should generally certain percentage (by weight) is finer than a
consist of machined shot rock that is angular particular sieve with a defined opening size,
and clean. Do not use rounded stones or which is then equated with an average
cobbles for riprap (although cobble stones diameter. However, riprap material cannot
may be used in grouted channels for be mechanically shaken through sieves and
architectural appearances). Riprap should thus it is more difficult to quantify the
not contain sand, dust, organic material, average size. The different classes of
excessive cracks, mineral lenses and aggregates are shown in Table 3 and are
intrusions, or other impurities. taken directly from the TDOT Standard
Riprap is usually solid durable limestone Specifications for Road and Bridge
rock, which is generally resistant to erosion Construction.
and to normal stream chemistry. Riprap
RR - 2
Machined Riprap Specifications
Class A-1 Class A-3 Class B Class C
2" to 15" diameter 2" to 6" diameter 3" to 27" diameter 5" to 36" diameter
(0.5 to 169 lbs) (0.5 to 11 lbs) (1.5 to 985 lbs) (6 to 2335 Ibs)
Dumped Dumped Dumped Dumped
20% by weight shall 20% by weight 20% by weight 20% by weight shall
be at least 4" size shall be at least 4" shall be at least 6" beat least 9" size
(3 Ibs) size (3 lbs) size (11 Ibs) (36 lbs)
Typical thickness is Typical thickness is Typical thickness is Typical thickness is
18" with surface 12" with surface 30" with a surface 42" with a surface
tolerance of 3" tolerance of 2" tolerance of 4" tolerance of 6"
Table 1
Non-Machined Riprap Specifications

Rubble-stone Rubble-stone Sacked riprap
(plain) (grouted) Concrete blocks (sand-cement)
Min 2" diameter Min 2" diameter Rectangular shapes Approx 1 cubic ft
(min 0.5 lbs) (min 0.5 lbs) (approx. 100 Ibs)
Placed by hand Placed by hand Placed by hand Placed by hand
80% by weight shall 80% by weight shall Class A concrete Sacks should be
be at least 10" in be at least 10" in with 3000 psi cotton or jute cloth
any dimension any dimension 28-day strength that retains sand
(prefer rectangular) (prefer rectangular) and dry cement mix
Remainder is 2" to Remainder is 2" to Various thickness Mix 1 bag cement
4" size for chinking 4" size for chinking from 4" upwards (94 lbs) with 5
cubic feet of sand
Typical thickness is Typical thickness is Design and install Typical thickness is

12" with surface 12" with surface per manufacturer's 10" with a surface
tolerance of 2" tolerance of 2" recommendations tolerance of 2"
Table 2
Source: TDOT Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction
RR - 3
Machined Aggregate Specifications
Size number 1 2 24 3 357
Nominal size 90 to 37.5 mm 63 to 37.5 mm 63 to 19 mm 50 to 25 mm 50 to 4.75 mm
square openings (3 1/2" to 1 1/2") (2 1/2" to 1 1/2") (3 1/2" to 3/4") (2" to 1") (2" to No. 4)

Nominal size 37.5 to 19 mm 37.5 to 4.75 mm 25 to 12.5 mm 25 to 9.5 mm 25 to 4.75 mm
square openings (1 1/2" to 3/4") (1 1/2" to No. 4) (1" to 1/2") (1" to 3/8") (1" to No. 4)
Nominal size 19 to 9.5 mm 19 to 4.75 mm 19 to 2.36 mm 12.5 to 2.36 mm 9.5 to 2.36 mm
square openings (3/4" to 3/8") (3/4" to No. 4) (3/4" to No. 8) (1/2" to No. 4) (1/2" to No. 8)
Size number 8 89 9 10
Nominal size 9.5 to 1.18 mm 4.75 to 1.18 mm 4.75 to 1.18 mm 4.75 mm
square openings (3/8" to No. 8) (3/8" to No. 16) (No. 4 to No. 16) (No.4 to No.100)
Table 3
Source: TDOT Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction
Geotextile: A geotextile should be placed 2. D15 of filter must not be less than five times
beneath riprap to maintain separation from D15 of base.
underlying soils. It is also necessary within
stream channels to avoid migration of 3. D15 of filter must not be more than forty
fine-grained soils from the subgrade into the times D15 of base.
riprap. In particular, use geotextile at the inlet
and outlet of culverts, where turbulence is 4. D50 of filter must not be more than forty
normally expected. Refer to the specification times D50 of base.
Geotextiles - GE
The relationship of the riprap to an underlying
Granular Filter: A layer of aggregate or sand granular filter layer should follow the same
can also be placed beneath riprap to filter criteria as between the granular filter
maintain separation from underlying soils, and the base soil. In other words, the term
either in addition to geotextile or in place of "filter" refers to the larger-grained material
geotextile. The layer of aggregate or sand and the term "base" refers to the
acts as a smooth bed to allow easier smaller-grained material. Due to the many
placement of riprap, and it can be used as a problems associated with carefully placing 6"
granular filter. The granular filter permits layers of graded aggregate or sand, the use
water to drain out or seep through it without of geotextile is greatly preferred.
allowing the adjacent soil or aggregate to
migrate through. In general, a geotextile will There are many methods available for
perform this function more reliably and with choosing riprap size, particularly for riprap
lower installation costs. channel linings. There are methods that
make use of only one equation, which can
A granular filter (Figure 1) should have the only account for 3 or 4 factors using
following properties with relation to the base assumptions and various rule-of-thumb
soil underneath: guidelines. There are many methods which
try to account for forces and momentum
1. D15 of filter must not be more than five more exactly, with several equations and
times D85 of base. nomographs being used for factors such as
RR - 4
rock specific gravity, stream tractive force, not subject to flowing water. Rounded stones
drag force, etc. such as river gravel have a lower angle of
repose. See Figure 2 for angle of repose
Riprap design should be performed by a based on average stone size, D50.
professional using drainage computations,
which consider field conditions, quality of The angle of repose does not take into
materials, and construction placement. If account any external forces (such as
possible, it is recommended that a few vehicles, people, storms, groundwater,
design methods should be used to verify earthquakes, or other ground vibrations).
reasonable results. Failure will often occur at the interface
between two layers, such as on a geotextile
Riprap for River Shorelines: Riprap for use filter fabric that is not sufficiently anchored or
on river or lake shorelines should be where hydraulic forces exceed the sheer
designed to conform to standards by strength of the base and/or filter layer. A
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) or the US professional engineer should perform slope
Army Corps of Engineers. stability analyses for all sloped areas that are
critical or potentially hazardous. See Figure 3
Riprap for Slopes: Riprap applications for for base of riprap slope protection.
slope stabilization, where wave action or
flowing water is not a concern, should be Riprap at Outlets: Design criteria for sizing
sized for stability. The natural angle of stone and determining the dimensions and
repose is defined as the angle at which installation of riprap pads used at the outlet
material can be placed without sliding of drainage structures are contained in the
downhill due to gravity. Angular riprap or specification Storm Drain Outlet Protection
crushed rock typically has an angle of repose - OP
in the neighborhood of 40°, so that a slope of
1.5 to 1 is reasonable for most slopes when
Typical Granular Filter
Figure 1
RR - 5
Angle of Repose for Riprap Based on Average Stone Size
Figure 2
Base of Riprap Slope Protection
Minimum Distance = 2 x Layer Thickness
Layer Thickness
Geotextile
Minimum Thickness = 2 x Layer Thickness
Figure 3
RR - 6
Riprap for Channel Stabilization (HEC-15 where K1 is obtained from Figure 4 and K2 is
design method): The following design obtained from an equation:
method for sizing riprap is taken from
Hydraulic Engineering Circular 15, Design of Bottom D50 x K1 / K2 = side slope D50
Stable Channels With Flexible Linings, by the
Federal Highway Administration (1975). The K2 = (1- sin2 (ϕ)/sin2 (θ)) 0.5
mean riprap size is computed for tangent
sections and curved sections of trapezoidal The side slope D50 is the riprap size
channels. Drainage computations are used to necessary for the side slopes of tangent
determine channel shape, channel slope, sections where side slope is steeper than 3:1
surface width, and design flow depth by (18.5°), ϕ is the angle of the side slope in
using the Manning's n roughness coefficient degrees, and θ is the angle of repose in
equal to: degrees
1/6
n = 0.0395 x (D50)
3. For curved sections of channel, compute
1. Compute the channel bottom D50 riprap the ratio !c that is the internal angle that
size based on the following equation where differentiates between a short bend and a
D50 and the maximum design flow depth long bend. The value RO is the radius of the
have the same units (inches or feet) and channel centerline bend, and the value RD is
channel slope is expressed in feet per foot the average radius of the channel outside
(H:V): bend as computed by the following equation
using T (top width of the channel) and B
Bottom D50 = 12.5 X depth X Channel Slope (bottom width of trapezoidal channel):
2. If the channel side slopes are steeper RD = RO + 0.25 (T+B)

-1
than 3:1, then the side slope D50 riprap size !C = cos (RO / RD).
will be adjusted using the following equation
Distribution of Boundary Shear For Trapezoidal Channels
Figure 4
RR - 7
4. Long bend (bend angle ! is more than General Subgrade Preparation
!c): The tangent D50 riprap size (from step 1
if side slopes are not steeper than 3:1, or 1. The area should be cleared of trees,
Step 2 if side slopes are steeper than 3:1) brush, vegetation, unsuitable soils, and
will be adjusted using the coefficient K3 that graded. Access for equipment that will be
is obtained from an equation with V being the necessary for earthwork and handling of
average velocity (using Manning's flow large rocks should be provided.
equation):
2. The subgrade should be prepared to
Curved D50 = K3 x tangent D50 the specified depth necessary for installation
2
K3 = 4 x V / RD of riprap. Compact subgrade firmly to prevent
slumping or undercutting. Excavate anchor
5. Short bend (bend angle ! is less than trenches as necessary for installation of
!c): The tangent D50 riprap size (from Step I geotextile filter fabric.
if side slopes are not steeper than 3:1, or
Step 2 if side slopes are steeper than 3:1) 3. Install geotextile to maintain separation
will be adjusted using the coefficient K4 that of rock material from the underlying soil.
is obtained from an equation using K3 as Geotextile should be placed so that it is not
computed above: stretched tight, and it conforms closely to the
subgrade. Secure filter fabric by using anchor
Curved D50 = K4 x tangent D50 trenches, stakes, staples, sewing or any
K4 = I + (K3 - 1) (! / !c) other means necessary according to
manufacturer's recommendations.
The selection of a mean riprap size D50 will
basically specify a gradation curve. The 4. Place a layer of aggregate or sand (if
maximum riprap size should be 1.5 times the specified by design for use as a bedding
D50 riprap size. The riprap layer thickness layer or as a granular filter) so that the layer
should be approximately 1.7 to 2.0 times the is smoothly graded and well-compacted. A
D50 riprap size, in accordance with the TDOT typical layer of aggregate or sand is 4 inches
riprap classifications in Table 1. thick when used only as a bedding material.
A granular filter of aggregate or sand is
The minimum freeboard for a riprap channel usually 6 inches thick.
should generally be at least 6 inches,
depending upon the type of computations Rubble-Stone Riprap: Rubble-stone riprap
and potential for damage. Always provide is usually placed as one layer (12" deep), two
additional freeboard at culvert inlets and layers (2 @ 6" deep), or an interlocking
outlets, areas of potential turbulence, mixture of one and two layers. Rubble-stone
changes in slope or direction, etc. riprap should be hand placed so that the
Superelevation of the flow surface may occur stones are close together, are staggered at
on the outside bank of a channel bend. The all joints as far as possible, and are placed
amount of superelevation, !Y, can be so as to reduce the voids to a minimum. The
estimated using the following equation where larger rocks should be thoroughly chinked or
g is equal to 32.2 feet per second per second anchored in place by using I" to 3" stones or
and the other terms have already been aggregate by placing over the surface and
defined: compacting in any manner practical.
2
!Y = (V T) / (g RO) When rubble-stone riprap is constructed in
layers, the layers should be thoroughly tied
INSTALLATION together with large stones protruding from
one layer into the other. The average depth
Installation of riprap should be accomplished is usually determined by frequent
within a short time frame (1 or 2 days) to measurements throughout installation. Any
minimize potential for damage from storm change in thickness should be accomplished
water runoff. gradually.
RR - 8
Installation of grouted rubble-stone riprap INSPECTION
includes hand placement of large rocks,
chinking with smaller rocks and aggregate, The final step in riprap installation is to verify
filling with grout, surface finishing, and proper construction methods are used and
curing. that the specified gradation was installed.
Visually inspect machined riprap to ensure
Machined Riprap: Machined riprap material that at least 20 percent of surface area
is generally dumped and placed by the use of consists of the D20 stone sizes specified
appropriate power equipment. Placement within the materials section. Check that 50
should avoid segregating material by percent of the surface area consists of
minimizing drop heights and by dumping stones no smaller than one-half of the
material in large quantities. Riprap is then maximum size specified.
graded and compacted (using hand or
mechanical tamping) to produce a surface Table 4 provides a rough guide to estimating
uniform in appearance. Handwork may be the weight and equivalent diameter size of
required to correct irregularities. Place riprap riprap material. A unit weight of 165 pounds
carefully to avoid puncturing or displacing per cubic foot is the same as a specific
geotextile fabric. gravity of 2.65 with respect to water.
Rectangular dimensions in a ratio of 3:2:I are
Typical layer thickness and allowable surface also listed as a frame of reference.
tolerances are shown in Table 1. Class A-2
machined riprap is the same as Class A-1 MAINTAINANCE
riprap except that the depth may be
decreased to 12 or 15 inches when placed by Riprap slopes and channel linings should be
hand in accordance with rubble-stone checked after major storm events for
installation procedure. Other classes of slumping, displacement, scour or
hand-placed riprap are listed in Table 2. undermining of riprap. Replace or reposition
riprap as necessary, making a note of any
damage for future reference.
Weight and Size Equivalents of Riprap

(assuming a unit weight of 165 pounds per cubic foot)
E q u i v a le n t
R e c t a n g u la r d i m e n s i o n s
W e ig h t d ia m e t e r
( a s s u m in g 3 : 2 : 1 r a t io )
( s p h e r i c a l)
1 pound 2 . 7 in c h e s 3 .6 " x 2 .4 " x 1 .2 "
2 pounds 3 . 4 in c h e s 4 .6 " x 3 .0 " x 1 .5 "
5 pounds 4 . 6 in c h e s 6 .2 " x 4 .1 " x 2 .1 "
10 pounds 5 . 8 in c h e s 7 .8 " x 5 .2 " x 2 .6 "
20 pounds 7 . 4 in c h e s 9 .8 " x 6 .5 " x 3 .3 "
30 pounds 8 . 4 in c h e s 1 1 .2 " x 7 .5 " x 3 .7 "
40 pounds 9 . 3 in c h e s 1 2 .4 " x 8 .2 " x 4 .1 "
50 pounds 1 0 .0 in c h e s 1 3 .3 " x 8 .9 " x 4 .4 "
75 pounds 1 1 .4 in c h e s 1 5 .2 " x 1 0 .1 " x 5 .1 "
100 pounds 1 2 .6 in c h e s 1 6 .8 " x 1 1 .2 " x 5 .6 "
150 pounds 1 4 .4 in c h e s 1 9 .2 " x 1 2 .8 " x 6 .4 "
200 pounds 1 5 .9 in c h e s 2 1 .2 " x 1 4 .1 " x 7 .1 "
250 pounds 1 7 .1 in c h e s 2 2 .8 " x 1 5 .2 " x 7 .6 "
300 pounds 1 8 .2 in c h e s 2 4 .2 " x 1 6 .1 " x 8 .1 "
500 pounds 2 1 .5 in c h e s 2 8 .7 " x 1 9 .1 " x 9 .6 "
Table 4
RR - 9
Sediment Basin – SB
DEFINITION CONDITIONS
A temporary basin consists of an This practice is required by permit at

embankment constructed across a drainage locations within construction sites where the
way, or of an excavation that creates a basin, total disturbed drainage area at any given
or by a combination of both. A sediment time is at least ten (10) acres. Sediment
basin typically consists of an impoundment, a basins may also be used for drainages
dam, a riser pipe outlet, and an emergency smaller than ten acres, however they are not
spillway. The size of the structure will depend mandatory. There must be sufficient space
upon the location, size of the drainage area, and appropriate topography for the
soil type, land cover/use, rainfall amount, and construction of a temporary impoundment.
any unique site conditions favorable to Specifications described in this standard
producing high runoff volume, velocity, or apply to temporary installations that are to be
sediment. removed within 18 to 30 months and where
the total drainage area does not exceed 50
PURPOSE acres. By virtue of their potential to impound
and release large volumes of water, the
A sediment basin is used to retain runoff design of sediment basins is required to be
waters and trap sediment from disturbed completed by professionals trained in the
areas to protect properties and waters below design of impoundment structures, and in
the installation from damage by excessive accordance with good engineering practices.
sedimentation and debris. The water is
temporarily stored and the bulk of the DESIGN CRITERIA
sediment carried by the water falls out of
suspension and is retained in the basin, while Compliance with Laws and Regulations:
the water is slowly released over a period of Sediment basin design and construction shall
time. comply with all applicable state and local
laws, ordinances, permit requirements, rules,
and regulations. Basins shall be constructed
according to the approved SWPPP unless
modified by the engineering design
SB - 1
professional. Additional regulations apply if effective in trapping sediment that flows into
vertical height of dam from downstream toe them during large storm events, or during
to crest of embankment exceeds 20 feet. periods of minimal vegetative cover at a
Refer to “Embankment Cross-Section” later construction site. The performance of any
in this section. sediment pond depends on several factors:
(1) size and shape of the basin, (2) soil
Location: To improve the effectiveness of properties, (3) runoff volume and flow, (4)
the basin, it should be located so as to water chemistry, (5) permanent vs. dry pond
intercept the largest possible amount of design, and other factors. It should be
runoff from the disturbed area. Runoff from understood that a sediment basin is a
undisturbed areas should be diverted temporary, but defensive measure, and
away from or around the disturbed areas should be made functional before any
and the basin. The best locations are upslope land disturbance takes place in order
generally low areas and natural swales or to keep sediment from escaping the site and
drainageways below disturbed areas. It is washing into storm sewers, and filling
recommended that the basin be located at streams and waterways. Basins should
least 50 feet outside the designated floodway always be used in conjunction with primary
or 25 feet from the top of bank of small erosion control and stabilizing practices (as
streams or as otherwise required by local found throughout this manual) such as
ordinance, whichever is greater. Basin temporary seeding, mulching, diversion
efficiency can be improved by the use of dikes, etc. designed to prevent or reduce the
diversions (refer to Diversion - DI) and by possibility of soil from being eroded in the
introducing chemical coagulants and first place.
coagulant aids (refer to Polyacrylamide -
PAM). Under no circumstance shall a In order to maximize trapping and retaining
basin be located in a stream or in any the incoming sediment, the basin should
waters of the state. Instead, the basin have a permanent pool, or wet storage
should be located to trap sediment-laden component and a dry storage component
runoff before it enters a stream. The basin that dewaters over time. The volume of the
should not be located where its failure would permanent pool (needed to protect against
result in the loss of life or interruption of the re-suspension of sediment and to promote
use or service to public utilities or roads. better settling conditions between runoff
events) must be at least 67 cubic yards
Maximum Drainage Area: The maximum (1809 cubic feet) per acre of drainage area
allowable total drainage area (disturbed and and the volume of dry storage above the
undisturbed) feeding into a temporary permanent pool (needed to prevent "short-
sediment basin is 50 acres. It is circuiting" of the basin during larger storm
recommended that when the drainage area events) must be at least an additional 67
to any one temporary basin exceeds 25 cubic yards (1809 cubic feet) per acre of
acres, an alternative design procedure that drainage area. The total storage volume of
more accurately defines the specific the basin at the principal (service) spillway
hydrology, sediment loading, hydraulics of riser crest would, therefore, be a minimum of
the site, and the control measures in use be 134 cubic yards (3,618 cubic feet) per acre of
utilized to perform design calculations. The drainage area (see Figure 1).
design criteria in this manual do not generate
hydrographs, estimate sediment erosion and When computing the number of acres
delivery rates, provide hydraulic routing, or draining into a common location, it is not
predict sediment capture efficiency. More necessary to include flows from offsite
rigorous and accurate design considerations, areas and runoff from undisturbed or
which are more site-specific than those in permanently stabilized areas where such
this manual, are acceptable and encouraged flows are diverted around both the
with any size basin. disturbed area and the sediment basin.
Otherwise, the calculations for
Effectiveness and Volume: Sediment determining basin size should include the
basins constructed according to these entire drainage area, disturbed and
standards are, at best, 50 to 70 percent undisturbed.
SB - 2
Minimum Storage Volume and Sediment Cleanout Point
67 C.Y./ Acre "DRY" STORAGE
SLIDE VALVE
ADJUSTMENT HANDLE
DEWATERING DEVICE
67 C.Y./ Acre
"WET" STORAGE
SEDIMENT CLEANOUT POINT

("WET" STORAGE REDUCED TO 34 C.Y./ Acre)
Source: VA DSWC
Figure 1
SB - 3
The volume of the permanent pool shall be traps must be used. The total trapping
measured from the lowest point of the basin capacity of these must have an equivalent
to the bottom of the dewatering device. This storage of 134 cubic yards (3618 cubic feet)
device should be installed at the elevation of runoff per acre.
corresponding to one half the total storage
volume. The volume of the active or Note: There are 27 cubic feet per cubic
drawdown zone shall be measured from the yard. Conversion between cubic feet and
elevation of the permanent pool to the crest cubic yards is as follows:
of the principal (service) spillway riser pipe.
Sediment should be removed from the basin number of cubic feet x 0.037 = number of
when the volume of the permanent pool has cubic yards
been reduced by one half. In no case shall or
the sediment cleanout level be higher than
one foot below the bottom of the dewatering number of cubic feet / 27= number of cubic
device for the drawdown zone. The elevation yards
of the sediment cleanout level should be
calculated and clearly marked on the plans While attempting to attain the desired storage
and the riser. Since this part of the riser capacities, efforts should be made to keep
normally will be under water, a mark should embankment heights to a minimum. When
appear above the permanent pool a site topography permits, the designer should
measured distance above the cleanout give strong consideration to the use of
elevation to provide a reference from which excavation to obtain the required capacity
to measure the sediment depth. and to possibly reduce the height of the
embankment. This excavation can be
The above volume requirements should be designed in a manner which creates a wet
regarded to be minimum criteria and may be storage forebay area or which increases the
modified at the discretion of the engineering storage capacity over the entire length of the
design professional to protect critical aquatic basin.
resources and safety/health of the public. It is
noted that undisturbed areas can contribute Basin Shape: It is important that the
significant amounts of runoff that can reduce designer of a sediment basin incorporate
the efficiency of a sediment basin. The features to maximize detention time within
following conditions and circumstances need the basin in order to improve its trapping
to be considered in determining whether or efficiency. Suggested methods of
not the basin volume would need to be accomplishing this objective are:
increased:
• Recommended design effective length to
• Highly erodible soils width ratio is 4:1, but not less than 2:1,
• Steep upslope topography where length is the distance between the
• Space-limiting basin geometry (depth inlet and outlet.
and/or shape) • A wedge shape with the inlet located at
• Degree to which off- and/or on-site runoff the narrow end - ideally, the shape would
is diverted from contributing undisturbed be symmetrical about the pond's central
areas axis formed by the inlet - riser - center of
• Sediment cleanout schedule the dam.
• Degree to which chemical flocculent • Installation of baffles or diversions.
agents are added to inflowing runoff
• Extent to which other erosion and The purpose of having a length to width ratio
sediment control practices are used of at least 2:1 is to minimize the "short-
• Critical downstream conditions circuiting" effect of the sediment-laden inflow
to the riser and thereby increasing the
For drainage locations which serve 10 or effectiveness and efficiency of the sediment
more disturbed acres at one time and where basin. Having a symmetrical basin about the
a temporary sediment basin is not feasible, central axis from the inlet to the riser tends to
multiple, smaller basins and/or sediment reduce dead or ineffective space.
SB - 4
The length of the flow path (L) is the distance Then:
2
from the point of inflow to the riser outflow L:W = Le/We = Le /A
point. The point of inflow is the point that the
waste stream enters the active (sometimes Three baffle examples are shown in Figure 3.
called "normal") pool, created by the Note that that for the third baffle case:
elevation of the riser crest. The pool area (A)
is the area of the active pool. The effective L = L1 + L2
width (We) is equal to the area (A) divided by
the length (L). The length to width ratio (L:W) The baffle material should be outdoor grade
is found by the equation: and weather resistant. The baffles should be
placed in such manner to minimize
2
L:W = L/We = L/(A/L) = L /A interference with basin cleaning.
Construction should be modular for easy
The designer is encouraged to locate all maintenance and convenient replacement in
inflows at or near the point of the wedge. event of damage from cleaning or from
However, where there is more than one deterioration. The baffles should be
inflow point and where circumstances inspected frequently for tears or breaks from
preclude this ideal arrangement, any inflow weathering, high flows, and from cleaning
point which conveys more than 30 percent of damage. Damaged baffling should be
the total peak inflow rate shall meet the replaced or repaired immediately.
above length-width ratio criteria. Ponds
whose L:W ratios are less than 1, even if The dimensions necessary to obtain the
enhanced with baffling, are not permitted. required basin volume and surface area shall
be clearly shown on the plans to facilitate
For ponds having L:W ratios less than 4:1, plan review and inspection.
construction should consist of two wetpool
cells using a separation berm, as shown in Multiple Use: Sediment basins may remain
Figure 2. The first (upper) wetpool cell in place after final site stabilization is
volume should hold between 25% to 35% of completed to serve as permanent storm
the total wetpool volume. Ponds with L:W water management structures. Because the
ratios equal to or greater than 4:1 are most practical location for a sediment basin
suggested to follow this design, but may be is often the most practical location for a storm
single cell construction. water management basin, it is often desirable
to utilize these structures for permanent
Baffles: The required basin shape should be storm water management purposes. It should
obtained by proper site selection and by be noted, however, that in most cases, a
excavation to reduce dead storage and to typical structure's outlet control system would
maximize sediment removal efficiency. vary during construction and post-
Where less than ideal conditions exist, a construction periods. Care must be taken to
baffle may be constructed in the basin. The avoid constructing an outlet control system,
purpose of the baffle is to increase the which will achieve the desired post-
effective flow length from the inflow point(s) construction quantity or quality control but will
to the riser. Baffles shall be placed mid-way not provide the necessary facility for the
between the inflow point and the riser. The containment and settling of sediment-laden
baffle length shall be as required to achieve construction runoff. Notably, the design for
the minimum 2:1 length-width ratio at less such permanent flow control ponds is beyond
than ideal site conditions. The effective the scope of these standards and
length (Le) shall be the shortest distance the specifications.
water must flow from the inflow point around
the end of the baffle to the outflow point. Access Requirements: Maintenance
access road(s) shall be provided to the
sediment pond facility for convenient
inspection and for access by maintenance
and emergency vehicles. An access track
around the pond is recommended for
convenient removal of sediment from the
SB - 5
Sediment Basin Showing 2 Cells
PROPERLY LINED
PROPERLY LINED STORM WATER
STORM WATER CONVEYANCE
CONVEYANCE
FIRST CELL
ACCESS ROAD FOR (Approximately 25% to 35%
CLEANOUT / MAINTENANCE of basin design volume)
BERM AT "DRY" STORAGE

DESIGN ELEVATION, OR
SUBMERGED 1' BELOW.
EXTEND BERM ACROSS
ENTIRE WIDTH.
SECOND CELL
EMERGENCY OVERFLOW
ELEVATION
RISER CREST
ELEVATION
"DRY" STORAGE
ELEVATION
"WET" STORAGE
ELEVATION
EMERGENCY SPILLWAY
PER DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS
OUTLET PROTECTION
AND ENERGY DISSIPATION
PER DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Figure 2
SB - 6
Baffle Locations in Sediment Basins
D
D/2 NO SCALE
INFLOW
RISER
BA
FF
LE
D/2
L = TOTAL DISTANCE FROM

NORMAL POOL THE POINT OF INFLOW
D AROUND THE BAFFLE TO
THE RISER.
NORMAL POOL
D/2 L RISER
D BAFFLE
NORMAL POOL RISER INFLOW
BAFFLE
D
D/2
L L
1 2
L=L +L
1 2
INFLOW
SHEETS OF 4' X 8' X 1/2" EXTERIOR 6"

PLYWOOD OR EQUIVALENT
RISER CREST ELEVATION
4'
POSTS MIN. SIZE 4" SQUARE
OR 5" ROUND. SET AT
LEAST 3' INTO THE GROUND.
8'
Source: US NRCS
Figure 3
SB - 7
pond or pond cells with appropriate between the maximum design flow water
equipment. An access ramp into the pond level and top of the dam. (See Figure 4)
itself is discouraged because of the potential
for creating equipment-generated rutting and Spillways Design: The outlets for the basin
stabilization problems. should consist of a combination of principal
and emergency spillways. These outlets
Embankment Cross-Section: The height of must pass the peak runoff expected from the
the embankment dam is measured from its contributing drainage area for a 25-year 24-
crest down to the lowest point of natural hour storm. If, due to site conditions and
grade (at the downstream toe of the basin geometry, a separate emergency
embankment). For dam heights less than 10- spillway is not feasible, the principal spillway
feet, the embankment must have a minimum must pass the entire peak runoff expected
top width of 6 feet, and the side slopes must from the 25-year 24-hour storm. However, an
be 2:1 or flatter to permit access and attempt to provide a separate emergency
maintenance. In the case of an embankment spillway should always be made (refer to
10 to 14 feet in height, the minimum top "Emergency Spillway" later on in this section)
width shall be 8 feet and the side slopes because the principal spillway riser is
2.5:1 or flatter. For 15 to 19 high vulnerable to clogging by debris during high
embankments, the top width must be 10 feet runoff events. Runoff computations shall be
with maximum side slopes of 2.5:1. based upon the soil cover conditions that are
Embankments must comply with the expected to prevail during the life of the
Tennessee Safe Dams Act of 1973, as basin. In determining total outflow capacity,
amended if either of the following two the flow through the dewatering device
conditions exist: (a) the embankment is cannot be credited when calculating the 25-
twenty feet or more in height, or (b) the year 24-hour storm elevation because of its
impoundment will have a capacity, at potential to become clogged. However,
maximum water storage elevation, of thirty principal spillway capacity can be credited
(30) acre-feet (48,400 cy/yds) or more. Any with the emergency spillway capacity when
such dam which is equal to or less than six determining the peak flow and maximum
feet in height, regardless of storage capacity, pond elevation from the 25-year 24-hour
or which has a maximum storage capacity storm. Incoming flood flow and storage
not in excess of fifteen (15) acre-feet (24,200 calculations must begin at the elevation of
cy/yds), regardless of height, would not be the principal spillway riser crest.
regulated under the Safe Dams Act. If ponds
and dams meet or exceed the criteria Temporary sediment pond storage and
mentioned above, permit certificates of outflow controls are not normally designed to
construction and operation are required by reduce incoming peak flows. Consequently,
the Tennessee Dam Safety Office in the the spillways designed by the procedures
Division of Water Supply of the Tennessee contained in the standard and specification
Department of Environment and will not necessarily result in any reduction in
Conservation. Further information on safe the peak rate of runoff. If a reduction in peak
dam design standards, regulations, and runoff is desired, the appropriate
permit applications is available at the hydrographs/storm routings should be
website: generated to choose the basin and outlet
http://www.state.tn.us/environment/permits/s sizes.
afedam.htm.
Dewatering: Provisions shall be made to
The site foundation for the embankment dewater the basin down to the permanent
should be prepared by removing all (wet) pool elevation. It is well known that
vegetation, debris, topsoil, and large rocks particle characteristics, flow-through velocity,
down to competent material. Embankments surface loading rate, turbulence levels,
should be keyed into the foundation soil with sediment concentration and other lesser
at least a 2-ft x 2-ft. trench. The embankment factors can have a significant effect on the
height should include a 10 percent settlement sediment trapping efficiency in a pond.
allowance across the longitudinal axis of the Studies have generally shown that the slower
dam. A minimum 1-foot freeboard is required the flow-through velocity and, hence, the
SB - 8
Sediment Basin Schematic
Elevations
CREST OF EMERGENCY
SPILLWAY
DESIGN HIGH WATER
(25-YR. STORM ELEV.)
MIN. 1.0'
0.5'
MIN. 1.0'
RISER CREST
67 C.Y./ Acre
"DRY" STORAGE
DEWATERING DEVICE
67 C.Y./ Acre W/ADJUSTMENT HANDLE
"WET" STORAGE

("WET" STORAGE REDUCED TO 34 C.Y./ Acre)
Design Elevations With

Emergency Spillway
DESIGN HIGH WATER

(25-YR. STORM ELEV.)
MIN. 2.0'
MIN. 3.0'
MIN. 0.5'
MIN. 1.0'
67 C.Y./ Acre
"DRY" STORAGE
RISER CREST
67 C.Y./ Acre
"WET" STORAGE DEWATERING DEVICE
W/ADJUSTMENT HANDLE
Design Elevations Without

Emergency Spillway
(Riser Passes 25-YR Event)
Source: VA DSWC
Figure 4
SB - 9
longer the detention storage time in a pond, the entire peak flow expected from a 25-year
the greater the sediment removal efficiency. 24-hour storm. See Figure 6 for details.
TDEC recommends a 72-hour drawdown
time. Design Elevations: The crest of the
principal spillway riser shall be set at the
Dewatering of the dry storage should be elevation corresponding to the total storage
done in a manner that removes the "cleaner" volume required (67 cubic yards/acre wet
water without removing the potentially storage plus 67 cubic yards/acre dry storage
sediment-laden water found in the wet = 134 cubic yards/acre). If the principal
storage area or any appreciable quantities of spillway is used in conjunction with an
floating debris. An economical and efficient emergency spillway, this elevation shall be a
device for performing the drawdown is a minimum of 1.0 foot below the crest of the
"skimmer" type section of perforated vertical emergency spillway. In addition, a minimum
tubing, which is connected to and braced to freeboard of 1.0 foot shall be provided
the principal spillway at two locations. A slide between the maximum 25-year pool level
gate type of valve is required at the bottom of and the top of the embankment. If no
this tubing for achieving the desired emergency spillway is used, the crest of the
drawdown time and seasonal control. Figure principal spillway shall be a minimum of 3
5 provides a schematic orientation of such a feet below the top of the embankment; also,
device. Because of the potential for the a minimum freeboard of 2.0 feet shall be
dewatering device or orifice becoming provided between the 25-year pool level and
clogged, no credit should be given for the top of the embankment.
drawdown by the device in the calculation of
the principal or emergency spillway locations. Anti-Vortex Device and Trash Rack: An
anti-vortex device and trash rack shall be
A dewatering operation procedure might be attached to the top of the principal spillway to
to keep the slide gate valve closed during dry improve the flow characteristics of water into
periods, or close it before anticipated the spillway and to reduce the possibility of
precipitation events. Then, during and after floating debris from blocking the principal
the precipitation event, the slide gate valve is spillway. The anti-vortex device shall be of
manually adjusted to allow the draw down to the concentric type as shown in Figure 7, and
begin. The amount of adjustment should be designed using the information provided in
determined so that the draw down to the wet Table 1.
pool elevation occurs over a period of 72
hours, as stated above. Spillway Foundation: The foundation base
of the principal spillway must be firmly
Principal (or Service) Spillway: For anchored to prevent its floating due to
maximum effectiveness, the principal buoyancy. If the riser of the spillway is
spillway should consist of a vertical riser pipe greater than 10 feet in height, computations
or box of corrugated metal or reinforced must be made to determine the anchoring
concrete, with a minimum diameter of 18 requirements to prevent flotation. A minimum
inches, joined by a watertight connection to a factor of safety of 1.25 shall be used
horizontal drain pipe (barrel) extending (downward forces = 1.25 x upward forces).
through the embankment and discharging
beyond the downstream toe of the fill. The For risers 10 feet or less in height, the
riser and all pipe connections shall be anchoring may be done in one of the two
completely water tight except for the inlet following ways:
opening at the top or dewatering openings,
and shall not have any other holes, leaks, 1. A concrete base 18 inches thick and
rips, or perforations. If the principal spillway twice the width of riser diameter shall be
is used in conjunction with a separate used and the riser embedded at least 6
emergency spillway, the principal spillway inches into the concrete. See Figure 8 for
must be designed to pass at least the peak details.
flow expected from of 2-year 24-hour storm.
If no emergency spillway is used, the 2. A square steel plate, a minimum of
principal spillway must be designed to pass 1/4-inch thick and having a width equal to
SB - 10
Recommended Dewatering
System for Sediment Basins
ORIFICE ADJUSTMENT HANDLE
PROVIDE ADEQUATE
STRAPPING
POLYETHYLENE CAP
DEPTH
VARIES AS
TACK WELD REQUIRED
PERFORATED DRAINAGE FOR "DRY"
TUBING, DIAMETER VARIES STORAGE
WET
"FERNCO-STYLE" COUPLING STORAGE
DEWATERING ORIFICE, SCHEDULE 40 STEEL,

STUB 1-FOOT MINIMUM, DIAMETER VARIES
CORRUGATED METAL RISER
NOTE: WITH CONCRETE RISER, USE PVC SCHEDULE 40 STUB

FOR DEWATERING ORIFICE
Source: VA DSWC
Figure 5
SB - 11
Principal Spillway Design
EMERGENCY SPILLWAY
CREST
DESIGN HIGH WATER
ANTI-SEEP
ANTI-VORTEX
COLLARS
DEVICE Dr H
RISER
BARREL
Dp
CONCRETE BASE
H = HEAD ON PIPE THROUGH EMBANKMENT

h = HEAD OVER RISER CREST
L = LENGTH OF PIPE THROUGH EMBANKMENT
Dp= DIAMETER OF PIPE THROUGH EMBANKMENT
Dr= DIAMETER OF RISER
Source: VA DSWC
Figure 6
SB - 12
Anti - Vortex Device Design
PRESSURE RELIEF
HOLES 1/2" DIA.
A A
TOP STIFFENER (IF REQUIRED)
IS X X ANGLE WELDED
TO TOP AND ORIENTED PER-
PENDICULAR TO CORRUGATIONS.
TOP IS GAGE CORRUGATED

METAL OR 1/8" STEEL PLATE.
PRESSURE RELIEF HOLES MAY
BE OMMITTED, IF ENDS OF
CORRUGATIONS ARE LEFT FULLY
OPEN WHEN THE TOP IS
PLAN VIEW ATTACHED.
D
TACKWELD WELDED CYLINDER IS GAGE CORRUGATED

ALL AROUND METAL PIPE OR FABRICATED FROM
1/8" STEEL PLATE.
H (SEE TABLE 1 FOR DIMENSIONS)
NOTES:
8" MIN.
1. THE CYLINDER MUST BE
FIRMLY FASTENED TO THE
TOP OF THE RISER.
#6 X 12" SUPPORT BAR

(SIZE #6 REBAR MIN.)
2. SUPPORT BARS ARE WELDED
SPACER BAR
(TYPICAL) TO THE TOP OF THE RISER
OR ATTACHED BY STRAPS
BOLTED TO TOP OF RISER.
RISER DIAMETER
SECTION A-A ISOMETRIC
Source: US - NRCS
Figure 7
SB - 13
Concentric Trash Rack and Anti-Vortex Device Design Table
Riser Cylinder Minimum Top

Minimum Size Support
Diam., Diameter, Thickness, Height, Bar Thickness Stiffener
inches inches gage inches
#6 Rebar or 1 1/2" x 1 16 ga.
12 18 16 6 -
1/2" x 3/16" angle (F&C)
15 21 16 7 " " " " -
18 27 16 8 " " " " -
16 ga.(C),
21 30 16 11 " " -
14 ga.(F)
24 36 16 13 " " " " -
27 42 16 15 " " " " -
14 ga.(C),
36 54 14 17 #8 Rebar -
12 ga.(F)
42 60 14 19 " " " " -
1 1/4" pipe or 1 1/4" x 1 14 ga.(C),
48 72 14 21 -
1/4" x 1/4" angle 10 ga.(F)
54 78 14 25 " " " " -
1 1/2" pipe or 1 1/2" x 1 12 ga.(C), 8
60 90 14 29 -
1/2" x 1/4" angle ga.(F)
12 ga.(C), 8
2" pipe or 2" x 2" x 2" x 2 1/4"
66 96 14 33 ga.(F)
3/16" angle angle
w/stiffener
2 1/2" x 2
72 102 14 36 " " " " 1/2" x 1/4"
angle
2 1/2" pipe or 2" x 2" x
78 114 14 39 " " " "
1/4" angle
2 1/2" x 2
2 1/2" pipe or 2 1/2" x 2
84 120 12 42 " " 1/2" x 5/16"
1/2" x 1/4" angle
angle
Note: The table above is useful only for corrugated metal pipe. Concrete trash rack and anti-
vortex devices are also available. Manufacturer’s recommendations should be followed
for concrete applications.
Note: Corrugation for 12”-36” pipe measures 2 2/3” x ½”; for 42”-84” the corrugation measures 5”
x 1” or 8” x 1”.
Note: C = corrugated; F = flat.
Source: VA DSWC
Table 1
SB - 14
Riser Pipe Base Conditions For
Embankments Less Than 10' High
CONCRETE BASE FOR EMBANKMENT 10' OR LESS IN HEIGHT
10' OR LESS
D
6"
18" D/2
2D CONCRETE
STEEL BASE FOR EMBANKMENT 10' OR LESS IN HEIGHT
10' OR LESS
D
30" D/2
2D 1/4" STEEL PLATE WELDED TO RISER
Source: VA DSWC
Figure 8
SB - 15
twice the diameter of the riser shall be increase the seepage length by at least 10%,
welded to the riser pipe. It shall be covered if either of the following two conditions is met:
with 2.5 feet of stone, gravel, or compacted
soil to prevent flotation. See Figure 8 for 1. The settled height of the
details. embankment exceeds 10 feet.
Note: If the steel base is used, special 2. The embankment has a low silt-clay
attention should be given to compaction so content (Unified Soil Classes SM or GM) and
that 95% compaction is achieved over the the barrel is greater than 10 inches in
plate. Also, added precautions should be diameter.
taken to ensure that material over the plate is
not removed accidentally during removal of The anti-seep collars shall be installed within
sediment from basin. One method would be the saturated zone. The maximum spacing
to use simple marker posts at the four between collars shall be 14 times the
corners. projection of the collars above the barrel.
Collars shall not be closer than 2 feet to a
Outlet Barrel: The drainpipe barrel of the pipe joint. Collars should be placed
principal spillway, which extends through the sufficiently far apart to allow space for
embankment, shall be designed to carry the hauling and compacting equipment.
flow provided by the riser of the principal Precautions should be taken to ensure that
spillway with the water level at the crest of 95% compaction is achieved around the
the emergency spillway. The riser and all collars. Connections between the collars and
pipe connections shall be completely the barrel shall be watertight. See Figure 9
watertight and not have any other holes, for details.
leaks, gashes, or perforations other than
designed openings. The minimum size of the Emergency Spillway: The emergency
pipe shall be 10 inches in diameter. The spillway acts as a safety release for a
connection between the riser and the barrel sediment basin, or any impoundment type
must be watertight to prevent local scouring. structure, by conveying the larger, less
The outlet of the barrel must be protected to frequent storms through the basin without
prevent erosion or scour of downstream overtopping or damaging the embankment.
areas. Where discharge occurs at the The emergency spillway also acts as its
property line, drainage easements will be name implies - an emergency outlet - in case
obtained in accordance with local emergency circumstances arise from
ordinances. Adequate notes and references excessive sedimentation or damage to the
regarding such easements will be shown on riser, which prevents flow through the
the erosion and sediment control plan. principal spillway. The emergency spillway
Measures may include excavated plunge shall consist of an open channel constructed
pools, riprap, impact basins, revetments, or adjacent to the embankment over
other effective methods. Refer to undisturbed material (not fill, such as the
specification Storm Drain Outlet Protection dam embankment). The emergency spillway
- OP. shall be lined with a non-erodible material
such as dumped and compacted riprap or
Caution should be given in directing all outlet engineered vegetation. Design of an
water from the impoundment to a receiving emergency spillway requires the special
watercourse so that natural flow paths are expertise of a qualified, engineering design
preserved above off-site property owners. professional. The control section is a level
portion of the spillway channel at the highest
Anti-Seep Collars: Anti-seep collars are elevation in the channel. See Figure 10 for
used to reduce uncontrolled seepage and location of emergency spillway and Figure 11
prevent internal erosion or "piping" inside the for an example excavated earth spillway.
dam along the drainpipe barrel. Anti-seep
collars shall be used on the drainpipe barrel The designer must ensure that the spillway
of the principal spillway within the normal lining (either grassed or riprapped) would
saturation zone of the embankment to withstand the high velocities expected in the
SB - 16
Anti-Seep Collar
SATURATED ZONE
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN
THE ANTI-SEEP COLLAR
AND THE BARREL MUST
BE WATERTIGHT 2P 14xP
Source: VA DSWC
Figure 9
SB - 17
Emergency Spillway
CONTROL SECTION
EMERGENCY SPILLWAY
SHOULD NOT BE
CONSTRUCTED
OVER FILL
MATERIAL
PERMANENT POOL
Source: VA DSWC
Figure 10
SB - 18
Excavated Earth Spillway
LEVEL PORTION c CREST AND CONTROL SECTION
FLOW
c
c
APPROACH
CHANNEL EXIT SECTOR
BERM
UNDISTUBED EARTH
NOTE: NEITHER THE LOCATION

NOR ALIGNMENT OF THE
CONTROL SECTION HAS
TO COINCIDE WITH THE
CENTERLINE OF THE DAM.
EMBANKMENT FILL
PLAN VIEW
WATER SURFACE
LENGTH OF
EXIT CHANNEL
STAGE
CONTROL SECTION
2%
MIN.
20'
EXIT SECTOR
LEVEL OR
GREATER
APPROACH
CHANNEL
PROFILE ALONG CENTERLINE

2
CROSS-SECTION AT CONTROL SECTION

Source: US - NRCS
Figure 11
SB - 19
spillway approach, crest and channel downstream receiving channel at a non-
sections without causing erosion. eroding velocity.
An evaluation of site and downstream Stabilization: The embankment of the

conditions must be made to determine the sediment basin shall receive vegetative cover
feasibility and justification for the immediately after installation. Refer to
incorporation of an emergency spillway. In Disturbed Area Stabilization (With
some cases, the site topography does not Permanent Vegetation) - PS for
allow a spillway to be constructed in recommended vegetation details. If
undisturbed material, and the temporary excavation is required in constructing the
nature of the facility may not warrant the cost basin, side slopes should not be steeper than
of disturbing more acreage to construct and 1.5:1.
armor a spillway. The principal spillway
should then be sized to convey all the design Disposal: Sediment should be removed from
storms. If the basin is designed as a the basin before the sediment level reaches
permanent facility with downstream higher than 1 foot below the bottom of the
restrictions, the added expense of dewatering orifice, or before one-half of the
constructing and armoring an emergency permanent pool volume has been filled in,
spillway may be justified. whichever occurs first. Plans for the sediment
basin should indicate the methods for
Capacity: The emergency spillway shall be disposing of sediment removed from the
designed to carry the portion of the peak basin. Possible alternatives are to use the
runoff discharge expected from a 25-year 24- material in fill areas on-site, or removal to an
hour storm event that is not credited to the approved off-site location.
principal spillway.
Sediment basin plans should indicate the
Design Elevations: The maximum 25-year final disposition of the sediment basin after
storm pool elevation shall have a freeboard the upstream drainage area is stabilized. The
of at least 1.0 foot below the top of the plans should include methods for the removal
embankment. The control crest of the of excess water lying over the sediment,
emergency spillway channel shall be at least stabilization of the basin site, and the
1.0 foot above the crest of the principal disposal of any excess material. Where the
spillway. sediment basin has been designed as a
permanent storm water management basin,
Location: The emergency spillway channel plans should also address the steps
should be located so that it is not constructed necessary for the conversion of the sediment
over erosion-susceptible fill material. The basin into a permanent detention or retention
channel should be located so as to avoid structure.
sharp turns or bends. The channel should
return the flow of water to a defined channel Health and Safety: The designer and
downstream from the embankment. Caution developer should be aware of the potential
should be given in directing all outlet water hazards that a temporary wet pond
from the impoundment to an established represents to the health and safety of a
watercourse so that natural flow paths are neighborhood. Sediment basins can be
preserved above off-site property owners. attractive to children and can be dangerous
to those who may accidentally slip into the
Maximum Velocities: The maximum water and soft mud or who may become
allowable velocity in the emergency spillway entrapped at flowing inlets. The basin area
channel will depend upon the type of lining should, therefore, be fenced or otherwise
used. Vegetated linings should only be used made inaccessible to persons or animals,
for low velocity and non-scouring unless this is deemed unnecessary due to
applications. Otherwise, non-erodible linings the remoteness of the site or other
such as concrete or riprap should be used. circumstances. Strategically placed signs
For non-erodible linings, design velocities around the impoundment reading “DANGER-
may be increased. However, the emergency QUICKSAND” should also be installed. In
spillway channel shall return the flow to the addition to signs and fences, consideration
SB - 20
should be given to frequent inspection, as those for the embankment. The trench
regular maintenance and provision for shall be drained during the
security at such facilities. In any case, local backfilling/compacting operations.
ordinances and regulations regarding health
and safety must be adhered to. Embankment: The fill material shall be taken
from approved borrow areas (shown on the
Flocculant and Coagulant Aids: In plans). It shall be clean mineral soil, free of
situations with particularly fine-grained and roots, woody vegetation, stumps, sod,
erodible soil (i.e. loess or clays), the design oversized stones, rocks, or other perishable
professional may consider the use of or objectionable material. The fill material
flocculants added to the sediment-laden selected must have enough strength for the
runoff prior to its entrance into the sediment dam to remain stable and be tight enough,
basin. These flocculants encourage the fine when properly compacted, to prevent
sediment particles to “stick together” which excessive percolation of water through the
allows them to settle more quickly and dam. Fill containing particles ranging from
effectively. Coagulant aids such as polymers small gravel or coarse sand to fine sand and
may be used. A common polymer for this clay in desired proportion is appropriate. Any
purpose is synthetic polyacrylamide (PAM), embankment material should contain
which may be added to the sediment-laden approximately 20% clay particles by weight.
runoff as it enters the basin, or sprayed on Using the Unified Soil Classification System,
bare slopes to reduce erosion and the SC (Clayey sand), GC (clayey gravel) and
transport of sediment. Refer to specification CL (“low liquid limit” clay) are among the
Polyacrylamide - PAM. The means of preferred types of embankment soils. Areas
delivery for these chemicals and their on which fill is to be placed shall be scarified
application rates will be provided by the prior to placement of fill. The fill material
engineer in the form of appropriate standard should contain the proper amount of moisture
detail drawings and specifications. An to ensure that at least 95% compaction will
example of such an application is shown in be achieved. Fill material will be placed in 6-
Figure 12. inch continuous layers over the entire length
of the fill. Compaction shall be obtained by
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS routing the hauling equipment over the fill so
that the entire surface of the fill is traversed
Site Preparation: Areas under the proposed by at least one wheel or tread track of the
embankment (or any structural works related equipment, or by using a compactor. Special
to the sediment basin) shall first be cleared, care shall be taken in compacting around the
grubbed, and stripped of topsoil. All trees, anti-seep collars (compact by hand, if
vegetation, roots, and/or other objectionable necessary) to avoid damage and achieve
or inappropriate materials should be removed desired compaction. The embankment shall
and disposed of by appropriate methods. In be constructed to an elevation 10% higher
order to facilitate clean out and restoration, than the design height to allow for settlement
the pool area, as measured from the top of if compaction is obtained with hauling
the principal spillway, should be cleared of all equipment. If compactors are used for
brush and trees. compaction, the overbuild may be reduced to
not less than 5%.
Cut-Off Trench: For earth-fill embankments,
a cutoff trench shall be excavated along the
centerline of the earth fill embankment (dam).
The trench must extend at least 1 foot into a
stable, impervious layer of soil and have a
minimum depth of 2 feet. The cutoff trench
shall extend up both abutments to the riser
crest elevation. The minimum width shall be
4 feet, but also must be wide enough to
permit operation of compaction equipment.
The side slopes shall be no steeper than 1:1.
Compaction requirements shall be the same
SB - 21
Addition of Chemical Flocculent at Sediment Basin Entrance
Figure 12
Note: Illustration shows exaggerated foreshortening. Sediment Basin length to width

proportions are incorrect and not according to specifications within this standard.
SB - 22
Principal Spillway: The riser of the principal Final Disposal: When temporary structures
spillway shall be securely attached to the have served their intended purpose and the
barrel pipe by welding the full circumference contributing drainage area has been properly
making a watertight connection. The barrel stabilized, the embankment and resulting
and riser shall be placed on a firmly sediment deposits are to be leveled or
compacted soil foundation. The base of the otherwise disposed of in accordance with the
riser shall be firmly anchored according to SWPPP. The proposed use of a sediment
design criteria to prevent its floating. basin site will often dictate final disposition of
Pervious materials such as sand, gravel, or the basin and any sediment contained
crushed stone shall not be used as backfill therein. If the site is scheduled for future
around the barrel or anti-seep collars. Fill construction, then the embankment and
material shall be placed around the pipe in 4- trapped sediment must be removed, safely
inch layers and compacted until 95% disposed of, and backfilled with a structural
compaction is achieved (compact by hand, if fill. When the basin area is to remain open
necessary). A minimum of two feet of fill shall space, the pond may be pumped dry, graded
be hand-compacted over the barrel before and backfilled.
crossing it with construction equipment.
INSPECTION
Emergency Spillway: The emergency
spillway shall be installed in undisturbed Inspections of sediment basins should be
ground. The implementation of planned made before anticipated storm events (or
elevations, grades, design width, entrance series of storm events such as intermittent
and exit channel slopes are critical to the showers over one or more days) and within
successful operation of the emergency 24 hours after the end of a storm event of 0.5
spillway and must be constructed within a inches or greater, and at least once every
tolerance of 0.2 feet. If the emergency fourteen calendar days. The basin
spillway requires erosion protection other embankment should be checked according to
than vegetation, the lining shall not permit requirements to ensure that it is
compromise the capacity of the emergency structurally sound and has not been
spillway, e.g. the emergency spillway shall be damaged by erosion or construction
over-excavated so that the lining will be flush equipment. The emergency spillway should
with the designed slope surface. be checked to ensure that its lining is well
established and erosion-resistant.
Vegetative Stabilization: The embankment
and emergency spillway of the sediment MAINTENANCE
basin shall be stabilized with the appropriate
temporary or permanent vegetation Maintenance needs identified in inspections
immediately after construction of the basin. or by other means should be accomplished
Trees and/or shrubs should not be allowed to before the next storm event if possible, but in
grow upon the embankment due to the ability no case more than seven days after the need
for the roots of such vegetation to destabilize is identified. Accumulated sediment shall be
the embankment and/or encourage piping. removed from the basin when it reaches the
specified distance below the top of the riser.
Erosion and Sediment Control: The Sediment shall not enter adjacent streams or
construction of the sediment basin shall be drainage ways during sediment removal or
carried out in a manner such that it does not disposal. The sediment shall not be
result in sediment problems downstream. deposited downstream from the
embankment, adjacent to a stream or
Safety: All state and local requirements shall floodplain.
be met concerning fencing and signs warning
the public of the hazards of soft, saturated A recommended inspection and maintenance
sediment and flood water. checklist is shown on the following page.
SB - 23
Sample Field Inspection and Maintenance Checklist
Name/location of site: ___________________________
Date: _____________
Inspector(s): ____________________________
____________________________
• Inspect embankment slopes and crest for :

o erosion _______________________________________________________
o structural stability (slumping, bulging, sliding) __________________________
o cracking (both longitudinal and lateral) _______________________________
o wet or soft spots or on lower downstream slope and toe area _____________
o discolored or muddy water seepage _________________________________
o uneven crest settlement (check if adequate freeboard above
o emergency crest) ________________________________________________
• Inspect basin slopes for:

o erosion________________________________________________________
o sliding or slumping ______________________________________________
• Check amount of sediment in pond for cleaning ____________________________________
• Check baffles for structural soundness and holes or breaks ___________________________
• Inspect trash rack and anti-vortex device for debris and blockage ______________________
• Inspect emergency spillway for obstructions _______________________________________
• Check emergency spillway entrance, channelway, and exit for significant erosion and
scouring ___________________________________________________________________
• Check principal spillway outlet for excessive scouring and erosion _____________________
• Check all safety- and health-related facilities (warning signs, fences, etc.)________________
• Check for vandalism, especially around and inside principal spillway riser _______________
• Inspect dewatering device for debris/silt clogging and structural integrity _________________
• Inspect outside edge of outlet pipe for excessive seepage (i.e., flowing water) -- look for
discolored or muddy water along the sides as a sign of serious piping or pipe joint
separation.
__________________________________________________________________________
Other comments and observations:

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
SB - 24
Sediment Trap - ST
DEFINITION conjunction with a diversion. Refer to

specification Diversion - DI.
A temporary ponding area formed by
constructing an earthen embankment with a Sediment should be periodically removed
stone outlet. from the trap to maintain the required
volume. The SWPPP should detail how
PURPOSE excavated sediment is to be disposed of,
such as by use in fill areas on site or removal
To detain sediment-laden runoff from small, to an approved off-site location.
disturbed areas long enough to allow the
majority of the sediment to settle out. DESIGN CRITERIA
CONDITIONS Professionals familiar with the design of

storm water basins should prepare
Sediment traps should be used below construction plans and drawings. The trap
disturbed areas where the total contributing should be designed using sound engineering
drainage area is less than 10 acres. If the practice.
contributing drainage area is 10 acres or
greater, refer to Sediment Basin - SB. The Trap Capacity: The sediment trap should
maximum useful life of the sediment trap have an initial storage volume of 3618 cubic
should be no longer than 18 months. feet or 134 cubic yards per acre of drainage
area, half of which should be in the form of a
Sediment traps, along with other controls permanent pool or wet storage to provide a
intended to retain sediment, should be stable settling medium. The remaining half
constructed as a first step in any land should be in the form of a draw down or dry
disturbing activity and should be made storage that will provide extended settling
functional before upslope land disturbance time during less frequent, larger storm
takes place. The sediment trap may be events. Excavation may be required to attain
constructed either independently or in the necessary storage volume. The volume
ST - 1
of the wet storage should be measured from
the low point of the excavated area to the Note: There are 27 cubic feet per cubic
base of the outlet structure. (See Figure 1) yard. Conversion between cubic feet and
The volume of the dry storage should be cubic yards is as follows:
measured from the base of the outlet to the
crest of the outlet (overflow mechanism). number of cubic feet x 0.037 = number of
Sediment should be removed from the basin cubic yards
when the volume of the wet storage is or
reduced by one-half.
number of cubic feet / 27= number of cubic
For a sediment trap, the wet storage volume yards
may be approximated as follows:
Excavation: Side slopes of excavated areas
V1 = 0.85 x Al x Dl should be no steeper than 1:1. The maximum
depth of excavation within the wet storage
where, area should be 4 feet to facilitate clean-out.
VI = the wet storage volume Embankment Cross-Section: The

in cubic feet maximum height of the sediment trap
embankment should be 5 feet as measured
Al = the surface area of the from the base of the stone outlet. Minimum
flooded area at the base of the top widths (W) and outlet heights (Ho) for
outlet in square feet various embankment heights (H) are shown
in Figure 2. Side slopes of the embankment
Dl = the maximum should be 2:1 or less.
depth in feet, measured from the
low point in the trap to the base of Outlet: The outlet for the sediment trap
the outlet should consist of a stone section of the
embankment located at the low point in the
The dry storage volume may be basin. A combination of coarse aggregate
approximated by the average end method and riprap should be used to provide for
as follows: filtering/detention as well as outlet stability.
The smaller stone should be TDOT #3, #357,
V2 = [(A1 + A2)/2] X D2 or #5 Coarse Aggregate (smaller stone sizes
will enhance filter efficiency) and riprap
where, should be "Class A-1". See specification
Riprap – RR for aggregate size tables.
V2 = the dry storage volume in cubic
feet. Geotextile should be placed beneath the
stone outlet, separating it from the subsoil
Al - the surface area of the flooded surface. The geotextile should be placed
area at the base of the outlet in immediately adjacent to the subgrade without
square feet any voids and extend five feet beyond the
down stream toe of the outlet to prevent
A2 - the surface area of the flooded scour. Refer to specification Geotextile –
area at the crest of the outlet GE.
(overflow mechanism), in square feet
The minimum length of the outlet should be 6
D2 - the depth in feet, measured from feet times the number of acres comprising
the base of the outlet to the crest of the total area draining to the trap. See
the outlet Figure 1 for further illustration. The crest of
the stone outlet must be at least 1.0 foot
The designer should seek to provide a below the top of the embankment to
storage area that has a minimum 2:1 length ensure that the flow will travel over the stone
to width ratio (measured from point of and not the embankment.
maximum runoff introduction to outlet).
ST - 2
Removal: Sediment traps must be removed INSPECTIONS
after the contributing drainage area is
stabilized. The SWPPP should show how the Inspections of temporary sediment traps
site of the sediment trap is to be graded and should be made before anticipated storm
stabilized after removal. events (or series of storm events such as
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS and within 24 hours after the end of a storm
event of 0.5 inches or greater, and at least
1. The area under the embankment once every fourteen calendar days. Where
should be cleared, grubbed, and stripped of sites have been finally or temporarily
any vegetation and root mat. stabilized, such inspections may be
conducted only once per month.
2. Fill material for the embankment
should be free of roots or other woody The structure should be checked regularly to
vegetation, organic material, large stones, ensure that it is structurally sound and has
and other objectionable material. The not been damaged by erosion or
embankment should be compacted in construction equipment. The height of the
6-inch layers by traversing with stone outlet should be checked to ensure
construction equipment. that its center is at least 1 foot below the top
of the embankment.
3. All cut and fill slopes should be 2:1 or
less (except for excavated, wet storage Filter stone should be checked to ensure
area which may be at a maximum 1:1. that filtration performance is maintained.
grade). Stone choked with sediment should be
removed and cleaned or replaced.
4. Construction operations should be
carried out in such a manner that erosion
during construction of the structure is MAINTENANCE
minimized.
Sediment should be removed and the trap
5. The earthen embankment should be restored to its original dimensions when the
seeded with temporary or permanent sediment has accumulated to one half the
seeding immediately after installation. design volume of the wet storage. Sediment
Refer to specification Disturbed Area removal from the basin should be deposited
Stabilization (With Temporary in a suitable area and in such a manner that
Vegetation) - TS and/or (With Permanent it will not erode and cause sedimentation
Vegetation) – PS. problems.
6. The structure should be removed and Maintenance needs identified in inspections

the area stabilized when the upslope or by other means should be accomplished
drainage area has been stabilized. before the next storm event if possible, but in
no case more than seven days after the
need is identified.
ST - 3
Sediment Trap
VARIABLE
DRY STORAGE• (SEE FIGURE 2)
WET STORAGE•
GEOTEXTILE
TDOT CLASS A-1 RIPRAP

** Coarse aggregate should be TDOT #3, #357, or #5
Cross Section of Outlet
TDOT CLASS A-1 RIPRAP
EMBANKMENT
GEOTEXTILE
Outlet (Perspective View)
Figure 1
Source: VA DSWC
ST - 4
Minimum Top Width (W) Required for Sediment Trap
Embankments According to Height of Embankment (Feet)
Figure 2
Source: VA DSWC
ST - 5
Silt Fence - SF
DEFINITION DESIGN CRITERIA
A silt fence is a temporary sediment barrier All silt fence should be installed along the
made of woven, synthetic filtration fabric contour, never up or down a slope.
supported by steel or wood posts.
Where all sheet flow runoff is to be stored
PURPOSE behind the fence (where no storm water
disposal system is present), maximum slope
The purpose of a silt fence is to prevent length behind a silt fence should not exceed
sediment carried by sheet flow from leaving those shown in Table 1. The drainage area
the site and entering natural drainage ways should not exceed l/4 acre for every 100
or storm drainage systems by slowing storm feet of silt fence.
water runoff and causing the deposition of
sediment at the structure. Silt fencing Criteria for Silt Fence Placement
encourages sheet flow and reduces the Land Slope Maximum Slope Length
potential for development of rills and gullies. (percent) Above Fence (feet)
<2 100
CONDITIONS 2 to 5 75
5 to 10 50
Silt fence should be installed where sheet 10 to 20 25
flow runoff can be stored behind the barrier >20* 15
without damaging the barrier or the * In areas where the slope is greater than 20 %, a
submerged area behind the barrier. flat area length of 10 feet between the toe of the
slope and the fence should be provided
Silt fence should not be installed across Table 1
streams, ditches, waterways, or other Source: GA SWCC
concentrated flow areas.
SF - 1
Type A Silt Fence - SF-A: This 36-inch wide The silt fence should be purchased in a
filter fabric should be used on developments continuous roll cut to the length of the barrier
where the life of the project is six months or to avoid the use of joints. When joints are
greater. See Figure 1. unavoidable, filter cloth should be spliced
together only at a supporting post, with a
Type B Silt Fence - SF-B: Though only 22- minimum 6-inch overlap, and securely
inches wide, this filter fabric allows the same sealed. See Figure 5 for splicing
flow rate as Type A silt fence. Type B silt requirements.
fence should be limited to use on minor
projects, such as residential home sites or Post installation should start at the center of
small commercial developments where the low-point (if applicable) with remaining
permanent stabilization will be achieved in posts spaced 6 feet apart for Type A and B
less than six months. See Figure 2. silt fences and 4 feet apart for Type C silt
fence. While Type A and B silt fences can be
Type C Silt Fence - SF-C: Type C fence is used with both wood and steel posts, only
36-inches wide with wire reinforcement. The steel posts should be used with Type C silt
wire reinforcement is necessary because this fence due to the flow capacity of the fabric.
fabric allows almost three times the flow rate See Table 3, for post size and fasteners
as Type A silt fence. Type C silt fence should requirements. See Figure 6 for fastener
be used where runoff flows or velocities are placement.
particularly high or where slopes exceed a
vertical height of 10 feet. See Figure 3. INSPECTION
Along stream buffers and other sensitive Inspect silt fence before anticipated storm
areas, two rows of Type C silt fence may be events (or series of storm events such as
used. intermittent showers over one or more days)
and within 24 hours after the end of a storm
Table 2 contains specific information event of 0.5 inches or greater, and at least
concerning specification requirements for all once every fourteen calendar days. Where
three types of material. sites have been finally or temporarily
stabilized, such inspections may be
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS conducted only once per month.
Silt fence should be placed on the contour. MAINTENANCE

On slopes with grades greater than 7%, the
silt fence should be located at least 5 to 7 Sediment should be removed once it has
feet beyond the base. Turn the ends of the accumulated to one-half the original height of
silt fence upslope so that a certain depth of the barrier. Filter fabric should be replaced
storm water may be retained in front of the whenever it has deteriorated to such an
silt fence. The impounded depth should be at extent that the effectiveness of the fabric is
least 12 inches, but no more than the height reduced (approximately six months). Silt
of the silt fence. Hay or straw bales should fence should remain in place until disturbed
be staked in place at the end of the row of silt areas have been permanently stabilized. All
fence as an emergency overflow. This will sediment accumulated at the fence should be
allow detained water, exceeding the capacity removed and properly disposed of before the
of the silt fence, to be filtered and released fence is removed.
quickly (see Figure 4). The bottom edge of
silt fence must be entrenched and
backfilled to be effective.
SF - 2
Silt Fence Specifications
Table 2
Source: GA SWCC
SF - 3
Silt Fence – Type A
Figure 1
Source: GA SWCC
SF - 4
Silt Fence – Type B
Figure 2
Source: GA SWCC
SF - 5
Silt Fence – Type C
Figure 3
Source: GA SWCC
SF - 6
Silt Fence Below a Steep or Long Grade
Maximum slope length

above silt fence
Impounded depth
should be at least 12”
Figure 4
Joining Silt Fence Sections
Figure 5
Source: TDOT English Standard Drawings
SF - 7
Post Size and Fastener Requirements
Table 3
Source: GA SWCC
Fastener Placement
Figure 6
Source: GA SWCC
SF - 8
Slope Drain - SD
DEFINITION Diameter: The diameter of the temporary

slope drain should provide sufficient capacity
A temporary pipe installed from top to bottom required to convey the maximum runoff
of a cut or fill slope. expected during the life of the drain. Refer to
Table 1 for selecting the pipe diameter of a
PURPOSE slope drain.
To convey storm water runoff down the face Slope Drain Pipe Specifications
of a cut or fill slope without causing erosion Maximum Drainage Pipe Diameter
on or below the slope.
Area Per Pipe (inches)
CONDITIONS (acre)
0.3 10
Temporary slope drains are used where 0.5 12
sheet or concentrated storm water flow could 1 18
cause erosion as it moves down the face of a Table 1
slope. These structures are removed once Source: GA SWCC
the permanent storm water disposal system
is installed. Slope Drain Inlet and Outlet: See Figure 1
for typical slope drain details. Diversion
DESIGN CRITERIA structures are used to route runoff to the
slope drain’s “Tee” or “Ell” inlet at the top of
Formal design is not required. The following the slope. The entrance section should slope
standards should be used: toward the entrance to the slope drain at a
minimum of 1/2–inch per foot. Thoroughly
Placement: The temporary slope drain compact selected soil around the inlet
should be located on undisturbed soil or well- section to prevent the pipe from being
compacted fill. washed out by seepage or piping. A stone
SD - 1
filter ring or other inlet protection may be 6. Ensure that all fill material is well
placed at the inlet for added sediment compacted. Securely fasten the exposed
filtering capacity. Refer to the specifications section of the drain with grommets or stakes
Filter Ring - FR or Storm Drain Inlet spaced no more than 10 feet apart.
Protection - IP. These sediment-filtering
devices should be removed if flooding or 7. Place the drain slightly diagonally across
bank over wash occurs. the slope, extending the drain beyond the toe
of the slope. Curve the outlet uphill and
Rock riprap should be placed at the outlet for adequately protect the outlet from erosion.
energy dissipation. A Tee outlet, flared end
section, or other suitable device may be used 8. If the drain is conveying sediment-laden
in conjunction with the riprap for additional runoff, direct all flows into a sediment trap or
protection. Refer to Storm Drain Outlet sediment basin.
Protection - OP.
9. Make the settled, compacted diversion no
Pipe Material: Design the slope drain using less than one foot above the top of the pipe
heavy-duty, flexible materials such as non- at every point.
perforated, corrugated plastic pipe or
specially designed flexible tubing. Use
reinforced, hold-down grommets or stakes to 10. Immediately stabilize all disturbed areas
anchor the pipe at intervals not to exceed 10 following construction.
feet with the outlet end securely fastened in
place. The pipe must extend beyond the toe INSPECTION
of the slope.
Inspections of the slope drain and supporting
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS diversion should be made before anticipated
storm events (or series of storm events such
A common failure of slope drains is caused as intermittent showers over one or more
by water saturating the soil at the inlet days) and within 24 hours after the end of a
section and seeping along the pipe. This storm event of 0.5 inches or greater, and at
creates voids and piping to occur, causing least once every fourteen calendar days.
washouts. Proper back filling around and
under the pipe with stable soil material, and MAINTENANCE
hand compacting in 6-inch lifts to achieve
firm contact between the pipe and the soil at Maintenance needs identified in inspections
all points, will eliminate this type of failure. or by other means should be accomplished
1. Place slope drains on undisturbed soil or no case more than seven days after the need
well-compacted fill. is identified.
2. The entrance section should slope toward When the protected area has been
the inlet to the slope drain at a minimum of permanently stabilized and the permanent
1/2–inch per foot. storm water disposal system is fully
functional, temporary measures may be
removed, materials disposed of properly, and
3. Hand compact the soil under and around
all disturbed areas stabilized appropriately.
the inlet and exit sections in lifts not to
Refer to specifications Disturbed Area
exceed 6 inches.
Stabilization (With Permanent Vegetation
and with Sod) - PS and SO, respectively,
4. Ensure that the fill used to anchor the and Matting and Blankets - MA.
slope drain inlet at the top of the slope has
minimum dimensions of 1.5 ft. depth, 4 ft. top
width, and 3:l side slopes.
5. Ensure that all slope drain connections are

watertight.
SD - 2
Slope Drain Pipe and Inlet Detail
Fill material
over inlet
Maximum 10’ spacing
Fill material
over inlet
INLET DETAIL
Make all pipe connections watertight and secure so that the joints will not separate in use.
Figure 1
Source: GA SWCC
SD - 3
Storm Drain Inlet Protection - IP
DEFINITION should be routed to a Sediment Trap or

Sediment Basin. Refer to specifications for
A temporary protective device formed around Sediment Trap – ST or Sediment Basin –
a storm drain drop inlet to trap sediment. SB.
PURPOSE If runoff may bypass the protected inlet, a

berm should be constructed on the down
To prevent sediment from entering storm slope side of the structure to prevent
drainage systems, prior to temporary or undercutting and erosion under the structure.
permanent stabilization of the disturbed area. Refer to Diversion – DI. Also, a stone filter
ring may be used on the up slope side of the
CONDITIONS inlet to slow runoff and filter larger soil
particles. Refer to Filter Ring – FR.
Storm drain inlet protection should be
installed at or around all storm drain drop CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
inlets that receive runoff from disturbed
areas. Inlet protection may be constructed on
natural ground surface, on an excavated
DESIGN CRITERIA surface, or on machine compacted fill.
Many sediment-filtering devices can be Silt Fence Inlet Protection IP-SF: This
designed to serve as storm drain inlet method of inlet protection is applicable where
protection. Inlet protection must be self- the inlet drains a relatively flat area (slope no
draining unless otherwise protected in a greater than 5%) and should not apply to
fashion that will not present a safety hazard. inlets receiving concentrated flows, such as
The drainage area served by the inlet in street or highway medians. As shown in
protection should be no greater than one- Figure I, Type C silt fence supported by 2x4-
half acre. Runoff from larger drainage areas inch wood or equivalent steel posts, with a
IP - 1
minimum length of three feet, should be and to avoid washouts when overflow occurs.
used. The stakes should be spaced evenly If needed, lateral support may be given to
around the perimeter of the inlet a maximum subsequent rows by placing 2” x 4” wood
of 3 feet apart, and securely driven into the studs through block openings.
ground, approximately 18 inches deep.
Hardware cloth or comparable wire mesh
The silt fence should be entrenched 12 with l/2 inch openings should be fitted over all
inches and backfilled with crushed stone or block openings to hold gravel in place. Clean
compacted soil. Silt fence and wire should be coarse aggregate should be placed up to 2
securely fastened to the posts, and silt fence inches below the top block on a 2:l slope or
ends must be overlapped a minimum of 18 flatter and smoothed to an even grade.
inches or wrapped together around a post to Coarse aggregate should be TDOT #3, #357,
provide a continuous barrier around the inlet. or #5. If the aggregate filter becomes clogged
Refer to Silt Fence – SF for installation with sediment so that it no longer adequately
requirements. Sediment should be removed performs its function, the aggregate should
when the sediment has accumulated to one- be pulled away from the structure, cleaned,
half the height of the inlet protection. and replaced. Sediment should be removed
when the sediment has accumulated to one-
Baffle Box Inlet Protection IP-BB: This half the height of the inlet protection.
method is applicable for inlets receiving
runoff with a higher volume or velocity. As Gravel Inlet Protection IP-G: This method
shown in Figure 2, the baffle box should be of inlet protection is applicable where heavy
constructed of 2” x 4” or 4” x 4” boards concentrated flows are expected. As shown
spaced a maximum of 1 inch apart or of in Figure 4, wire mesh should be laid over
plywood with weep holes 2 inches in the drop inlet grate so that the wire extends a
diameter. The weep holes should be placed minimum of one foot beyond each side of the
approximately 6 inches on center vertically inlet structure. Wire mesh with ½ inch
and horizontally. The entire box is wrapped in openings should be used. Clean coarse
Type C filter fabric that should be entrenched aggregate should be placed over the entire
12 inches and backfilled. Refer to Silt Fence inlet structure, to a total depth of at least 12
– SF for installation requirements. inches. The aggregate should extend beyond
the inlet structure at least 18 inches on all
Clean coarse aggregate should be placed sides. Coarse aggregate should be TDOT
outside the box, all around the inlet, to a #3, #357, or #5.
depth of 2 to 4 inches. Coarse aggregate
should be TDOT #3, #357, or #5. If the Sediment should be removed when the
aggregate filter becomes clogged with sediment has accumulated to one-half the
sediment so that it no longer adequately height of the inlet protection. If the aggregate
performs its function, the aggregate should filter becomes clogged with sediment so that
be pulled away from the structure, cleaned, it no longer adequately performs its function,
and replaced. Sediment should be removed the aggregate should be pulled away from
when the sediment has accumulated to one- the structure, cleaned, and replaced.
half the height of the inlet protection.
Sod Inlet Protection IP-S: This method of
Block and Gravel Inlet Protection IP-BG: inlet protection is applicable only at the time
This method of inlet protection is applicable of permanent seeding, to protect the inlet
where heavy flows are expected and where from sediment and mulch material until
an overflow capacity is necessary to prevent permanent seeding has become established.
excessive ponding around the structure. As As shown in Figure 5, the sod should be
shown in Figure 3, one block is placed on placed to form a turf mat covering the soil for
each side of the structure on its side in the a distance of 4 feet from each side of the
bottom row to allow pool drainage. The inlet structure. Sod strips should be
foundation should be excavated at least 2 staggered so that adjacent strip ends are not
inches below the crest of the storm drain. aligned. Refer to Disturbed Area
The bottom rows of blocks are placed against Stabilization (With Sod) – SO for soil
the edge of the storm drain for lateral support
IP - 2
preparation, and sod installation and MAINTENANCE
maintenance.
Maintenance needs identified in inspections
INSPECTIONS or by other means should be accomplished
Inspections of storm drain inlet protection no case more than seven days after the need
methods should be made before anticipated is identified.
storm events (or series of storm events such
as intermittent showers over one or more Sediment should not be allowed to wash into
days) and within 24 hours after the end of a the storm drain inlet. It should be removed
storm event of 0.5 inches or greater, and at from the inlet protection and disposed of and
least once every fourteen calendar days. stabilized so that it will not enter the inlet
Where sites have been finally or temporarily again. When the contributing drainage area
stabilized, such inspection may be conducted has been permanently stabilized, all
only once per month. materials and any sediment should be
removed, and either salvaged or disposed of
properly. The disturbed area should be
brought to proper grade, then smoothed and
compacted. Appropriately stabilize all
disturbed areas around the inlet.
IP - 3
Silt Fence Inlet Protection – IP-SF
Perspective Views
SEE DETAIL A
Elevation of Stake and Silt Fence

ELEVATION OF STAKE AND
Orientation Detail A
SILT FENCE ORIENTATION
Figure 1
Source: NC SCC
IP - 4
Baffle Box Inlet Protection – IP-BB
2” – 4” Depth of
TDOT #3, #357, or #5
Course Aggregate
Figure 2
Source: GA SWCC
IP - 5
Block and Gravel Inlet Protection - IP-BG
WIRE SCREEN CONCRETE BLOCK
TDOT #3, #357, OR #5 COARSE

AGGREGATE UP TO 2"
BELOW TOP BLOCK
WIRE SCREEN
FILTERED WATER
OVERFLOW
RUNOFF
WATER
WITH
SEDIMENT
DROP INLET
WITH GATE
SEDIMENT
Figure 3
Source: VA DSWC
IP - 6
Gravel Inlet Protection – IP-G
AGGREGATE*
(12” MIN DEPTH)
* COARSE AGGREGATE SHOULD BE TDOT #3, #357, OR #5.
Figure 4
Source: VA DSWC
IP - 7
Sod Inlet Protection – IP-S
Figure 5
Source: VA DSWC
IP - 8
Storm Drain Outlet Protection - OP
DEFINITION DESIGN CRITERIA
Paved and/or riprapped channel treatment, Structurally lined aprons at the outlets of
placed below storm drain outlets. pipes and paved channel sections should be
designed by professionals familiar with
PURPOSE storm water conveyance systems and
according to the following criteria:
To reduce storm water velocity and dissipate
the energy of flow leaving a storm drain Capacity: The structure should be designed
before it empties into receiving channels, and to handle the peak storm flow (Q), in cubic
to armor erodible materials. feet per second (cfs), from the 25-year,
24-hour frequency storm, or the design
CONDITIONS discharge of the water conveyance structure,
whichever is greater.
This standard applies to all storm drain
outlets, road culverts, paved channel outlets, Tailwater Depth: The design depth of
etc., discharging into natural or constructed thetailwater immediately below the pipe
channels. Treatment will extend between the outlet must be determined for the design
points where flow exits the storm drain and capacity of the pipe. Manning's Equation may
where flow velocity and/or flow energy from be used to determine tailwater depth. If the
the design storm event is dissipated to the tailwater depth is less than half the diameter
degree where there is minimal to no risk of of the outlet pipe, it should be classified as a
erosion of the receiving channel. low tailwater condition. If the tailwater depth
is greater than half the pipe diameter, it
should be classified as a high tailwater
condition. Pipes which outlet onto flat areas
OP - 1
with no defined channel may be assumed to Alignment: The apron should be located so
have a low tailwater condition. that there are no bends in the horizontal
alignment.
Materials: The apron may be lined with
riprap, grouted riprap, or concrete. The Geotextile: Geotextiles should be used as a
median sized stone for riprap (d5o) should be separator between the graded stone, the soil
determined according to tailwater conditions base, and the abutments. The geotextile will
described in Table 1. Maximum stone size is prevent the migration of soil particles from
equal to 1.5 times the d50 value. The the subgrade into the graded stone. The
gradation, quality and placement of riprap geotextile should be placed in direct contact
should conform to the specifications in with the subgrade without any voids. Refer to
Riprap – RR. specification Geotextile – GE.
Apron Length (LA): The apron length should Energy Dissipaters and Stilling Basins:
be determined according to tailwater Structural controls, generally made from
conditions described in Table 1. precast concrete or from pour-in-place
concrete, should be used whenever concrete
Apron Width (WA): See Figure 1. If the pipe aprons are installed. The design of the
discharges directly into a well-defined energy dissipaters and stilling basins shown
channel, the apron should extend across the in Figure 2 are discussed in the Federal
channel bottom and up the channel banks to Highways Administration (FHWA) publication
an elevation one foot above the high tailwater HEC- 14, Hydraulic Design of Energy
depth or to the top of the bank (whichever is Dissipaters for Culverts and Channels.
less). If the pipe discharges onto a flat area
with no defined channel, the width of the Stilling basins are used to convert flows from
apron should be determined as follows: supercritical to subcritical flow rates by
allowing a hydraulic jump to occur. The
1. The upstream end of the apron, stilling basin allows a controlled hydraulic
adjacent to the pipe, should have a jump to occur within the structure over a wide
width three times the diameter of the range of flow conditions and depths. A
outlet pipe. professional engineer using hydraulic
2. For a low tailwater conditions, the computations must design energy dissipaters
downstream end of the apron should and stilling basins. A primary concern for
have a width equal to the pipe diameter both energy dissipaters and stilling basins is
plus the length of the apron. whether sediment and trash can accumulate.
3. For a high tailwater conditions, the down TDOT drawing standards include a riprap
stream end should have a width equal to basin energy dissipater, based upon
the pipe diameter plus 0.4 times the procedures in HEC- 14. The United States
length of the apron. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) also has
developed many designs of such structures.
Bottom Grade: The apron should be
constructed with no slope along its length CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
(0.0% grade). The invert elevation of the
downstream end of the apron should be 1. Ensure that the subgrade for the
equal to the elevation of the invert of the geotextile and riprap follows the
receiving channel. There should be no required lines and grades shown in
turbulence at the end of the apron. the plan. Compact any fill required in
the subgrade to the density of the
Side Slope: If the pipe discharges into a surrounding undisturbed material.
well-defined channel, the side slopes of the Low areas in the subgrade on
channel should not be steeper than 2:1. undisturbed soil may also be filled by
increasing the riprap thickness.
2. Geotextile - Install a geotextile liner
to prevent soil movement through the
OP - 2
openings in the riprap. Refer to downstream end level with the
specification Geotextile – GE. receiving area or slightly below it.
3. Geotextile must meet design 8. Ensure that the apron is properly
requirements and be properly aligned with the receiving stream
protected from punching or tearing and, preferably, straight throughout
during installation. Repair any its length.
damage by removing the riprap and 9. Immediately after construction,
placing another piece of geotextile stabilize all disturbed areas with
over the damaged area. All vegetation.
connecting joints should overlap a 10. Stone quality - Select stone for riprap
minimum of 1 foot. If the damage is from fieldstone or quarry stone. The
extensive, replace the entire stone should be hard, angular, and
geotextile liner. highly weather-resistant. The specific
4. Riprap may be placed by equipment, gravity of the individual stones
but take care to avoid damaging the should be at least 2.5. Refer to
geotextile. specification Riprap – RR.
5. The minimum thickness of the riprap
should be 1.5 times the maximum MAINTENANCE
stone diameter, but not less than 6”.
6. The outlet structure must conform to Inspect riprap outlet structures after heavy
the specified grading limits shown on rains to see if any erosion around or below
the plans. the riprap has taken place or if stones have
7. Construct the apron on zero grade been dislodged. Immediately make all
with no turbulence at the end. Make needed repairs to prevent further damage.
the top of the riprap at the
OP - 3
Riprap Outlet Protection Specifications
This table is intended to select two parameters for the design of riprap outlet protection, based upon outlet
velocities that correspond with circular culverts flowing full. Flow values less than the lowest value for the
culvert size usually indicate a full-flow velocity less than 5 feet per second, for which riprap is usually not
necessary. Flow values more than the highest value for the culvert size usually indicates that a concrete
stilling basin or energy dissipater structure is necessary.
Adjust values upward if the circular culvert is not flowing full based upon outlet conditions. For noncircular
pipe, convert into an equivalent cross-sectional area of circular culvert to continue design.
Riprap Aprons for Low Tailwater

(downstream flow depth < 0.5 x pipe diameter)
Culvert Lowest value Intermediate values to interpolate from Highest value
Diameter Q LA D50 Q LA D50 Q LA D50 Q LA D50 Q LA D50
Cfs Ft In Cfs Ft In Cfs Ft In Cfs Ft In Cfs Ft In
12" 4 7 2.5 6 10 3.5 9 131 6 12 16 7 14 17 8.5
15" 6.5 8 3 10 12 5 15 16 7 20 18 10 25 20 12
18" 10 9 3.5 15 14 5.5 20 17 7 30 22 11 40 25 14
21" 15 11 4 25 18 7 35 22 10 45 26 13 60 29 18
24" 21 13 5 35 20 8.5 50 26 12 65 30 16 80 33 19
27" 27 14 5.5 50 24 9.5 70 29 14 90 34 18 110 37 22
30" 36 16 6 60 25 9.5 90 33 15.5 120 38 20 140 41 24
36" 56 20 7 100 32 13 140 40 18 180 45 23 220 50 28
42" 82 22 8.5 120 32 12 160 39 17 200 45 20 260 52 26
48" 120 26 10 170 37 14 220 46 19 270 54 23 320 64 37
Riprap Aprons for High Tailwater
(downstream flow depth > 0.5 x pipe diameter)
Culvert Lowest value Intermediate values to interpolate from Highest value
Diameter Q LA D50 Q LA D50 Q LA D50 Q LA D50 Q LA D50
Cfs Ft In Cfs Ft In Cfs Ft In Cfs Ft In Cfs Ft In
12" 4 8 2 6 18 2.5 9 28 4.5 12 36 7 14 40 8
15" 7 8 2 10 20 2.5 15 34 5 20 42 7.5 25 50 10
18" 10 8 2 15 22 3 20 34 5 30 50 9 40 60 11
21" 15 8 2 25 32 4.5 35 48 7 45 58 11 60 72 14
24" 20 8 2 35 36 5 50 55 8.5 65 68 12 80 80 15
27" 27 10 2 50 41 6 70 58 10 90 70 14 110 82 17
30" 36 11 2 60 42 6 90 64 11 120 80 15 140 90 18
36" 56 13 2.5 100 60 7 140 85 13 180 104 18 220 120 23
42" 82 15 2.5 120 50 6 160 75 10 200 96 14 260 120 19
48" 120 20 2.5 170 58 7 220 85 12 270 105 16 320 120 20
Table 1
OP - 4
Riprap Outlet Protection
HC = height of culvert
WC = width of culvert
LA = length of riprap apron
WA = width of riprap apron at end
D50 = median riprap size
DMAX = maximum size of riprap = 1.5 D50
DA = depth of riprap apron = 1.5 DMAX
Figure 1
OP - 5
Various Energy Dissipaters and Stilling Basins
Figure 2
OP - 6
Surface Roughening - SR
DEFINITION with tracked equipment, by contrast, must be

done up and down the slope. Factors to be
The use of mechanized equipment to apply a considered in choosing a method include
rough texture to soils at final grade. slope steepness, long term slope
maintenance and mowing requirements, type
PURPOSE of soil, and whether the slope is formed by
cutting or filling. Generally, a slope cannot be
mowed if it is steeper than 3:1 (H:V).
Surface roughening or scarification is a
Roughening is performed after the slopes
technique used for creating unevenness on
have been graded and dressed. Steep
bare soil to prevent slope erosion and the
slopes may require the techniques discussed
formation of rills. The primary functions of
surface roughening are to: in specification Gradient Treatment - GT.
• Reduce erosion potential by Cut Slope Roughening: Cut slopes are

decreasing runoff velocities created by the removal of soil and/or rock
material leaving a newly exposed slope face.
• Trap sediment
Tilling, disking, and harrowing are acceptable
• Increase infiltration of water into the
methods of roughening a cut slope. Groove
soil
the slope using machinery to create a series
• Aid in the establishment of of ridges and depressions that run across the
vegetative cover slope and on the contour. Make grooves less
than 10 inches apart and not less than 1 inch
DESIGN CRITERIA deep. Excessive roughness is undesirable
where mowing is planned.
Roughening methods with agricultural
equipment include tilling, disking or Roughening with tracked machinery should
harrowing, which must be done across the preferably be limited to soils with a sandy
slope along the contour. Tracking (Figure 1) textural component to avoid undue
SR - 1
compaction of the soil surface. Operate should move across the slope gradually.
tracked machinery up and down the slope to Apply fertilizer, mulch, topsoil, or other soil
leave horizontal depressions in the soil. Each amendments as necessary prior to grooving
pass should move across the slope or tracking. Do not blade or scrape the final
gradually. Apply fertilizer, mulch, topsoil, or slope face.
other soil amendments as necessary prior to
grooving or tracking. Do not blade or scrape Stabilization: Once the treatment has been
the final slope face. applied take the appropriate measures to
stabilize all the bare area. Refer to
Fill Slope Roughening: Fill slopes are specifications Disturbed Area Stabilization
created by the placement of fill material in a (With Permanent Vegetation) - PS, and
position that creates a slope. Fill slopes are Matting and Blankets - MA.
not as stable as cut slopes, no matter how
much compaction is applied. The face of the MAINTENANCE
slope should consist of loose uncompacted
fill 4 to 6 inches deep. Maintenance needs identified in inspections
or by other means should be accomplished
Use grooving or tracking to roughen the face before the next storm event if possible, but in
of the slopes as necessary. Operate tracked no case more than seven days after the
machinery up and down the slope to leave need is identified.
horizontal depressions in the soil. Each pass
Surface Roughening
Figure 1
SR - 2
STREAM ALTERATION PRACTICES
Stream Diversion Channel SDC
DEFINITION damage from sedimentation. To limit land-

disturbance, overland pumping of the stream
A temporary channel constructed to convey should be considered in low-flow conditions
stream flow around in-stream construction. whenever possible.
PURPOSE Some streams are too large to construct a

diversion channel for. In those cases,
Stream diversion channels are used to allow consider the use of alternative structures in
in-stream work to be conducted separate order for work to be conducted in dry
from flowing water as required by Aquatic conditions. Examples of alternative
Resource Alteration Permits. structures are cofferdams and geotextile
tubes.
CONDITIONS
The duration of use of the diversion should
Linear projects, such as utilities or roads, be minimized to the shortest period of time
frequently cross streams creating a potential possible. Clearing of the streambed and
for excessive sediment loss into a stream, by banks should be kept to a minimum.
both the disturbance of the approach areas,
and by the work within the streambed and Work that requires a stream diversion
banks. Disturbance within the confines of channel requires authorization from the
stream banks are required to be conducted Tennessee Division of Water Pollution
“in the dry” or separate from flowing water. Control and United States Army Corps of
No excavation equipment should ever be Engineers.
operated in flowing waters. For more information, see Appendix C
and:
In cases where in-stream work is http://www.state.tn.us/environment/permit
unavoidable, a stream diversion channel s/arap.htm
should be considered to prevent excessive
SDC - 1
DESIGN CRITERIA CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
Professionals familiar with the design of 1. The channel should be excavated, and
water conveyance systems should prepare constructed with plugs at both ends. Plugs
construction plans and drawings for this may be constructed of riprap, sandbags or
technique. sheet piling, or may be undisturbed soil left in
place. See Figure 2.
Size: The bottom width of the stream
diversion should be equal to the bottom width 2. Silt fence or a diversion berm should be
of the existing streambed, at a minimum. placed along the sides of the channel to
The capacity of the temporary channel prevent unfiltered runoff from entering the
should be designed to be equivalent to the stream. The diversion berm can be
bankfull capacity of the existing channel. constructed using the material excavated for
the stream diversion. Refer to specifications
Side Slopes: Side slopes of the stream Silt Fence - SF or Diversion – DI.
diversion channel should be no steeper than
2:l.
3. The channel surface should be smooth (to
prevent tearing of the liner) and lined with the
Depth and Grade: Depth and grade may be
material specified in the plans. The outer
variable, dependent on site conditions, but
edges of the geotextile should be secured at
should be sufficient to ensure continuous
the top of the channel with compacted soil.
flow of water in the diversion.
Channel Lining: See Figure 1. A stream 4. The plugs are removed when the liner
diversion channel should be lined to prevent installation is complete, removing the
erosion of the channel and sedimentation in downstream plug first.
the stream. The lining is selected based upon
the expected velocity of bankfull flow. Table 1 5. As soon as construction in the streambed
shows the selection of channel linings that is complete and the streambed has been
may be used: turf reinforcement mat or sod – restored to its previous condition, the
SDC-A; geotextile – SDC-B; or TDOT Class diversion should be replugged and backfilled.
A-1 riprap and geotextile – SDC-C. Refer to The liner may be inspected for damage and
specifications Riprap - RR, Matting – MA, salvaged if possible.
and Geotextile – GE.
6. Upon removal of the liner, the diversion
Geotextile: Geotextiles should be used as a channel should immediately be restored and
protective cover for soil or, if the channel is to properly stabilized.
be lined with riprap, as a separator between
graded stone and the soil base. The MAINTENANCE
geotextile will prevent erosion of the channel
and the migration of soil particles from the The stream diversion channel should be
subgrade into the graded stone. Care should inspected at the end of each day to make
be taken to place the geotextile in direct sure that the stream flow control measures
contact with the soil such that no void spaces and construction materials are positioned
exist between the underlying soil and the securely. This will ensure that the work area
geotextile. stays dry and that no construction materials
float downstream. All repairs should be made
immediately.
Temporary Stream Diversion Channel Linings

L in in g M aterials Sym b o l A cceptable V elo city R ang e
T urf R ein fo rcem en t M attin g or S od SD C -A 0 - 2.5 ft./sec.
G eo textile SD C -B 2.5 - 9.0 ft./sec.
T D O T C lass A -1 R iprap an d G eotextile SD C -C 9.0 - 13.0ft./sec.
T ab le 1
SDC - 2
Stream Diversion Channel Linings
SDC-A
TURF REINFORCEMENT MAT
OR SOD
**
*
SDC-B
GEOTEXTILE
SDC-C
GEOTEXTILE
RIPRAP
* WIDTH OF EXISTING STREAM CHANNEL BOTTOM
** ENTRENCH SILT FENCE AND GEOTEXTILE IN SAME TRENCH.
Figure 1
Source: GA SWCC
SDC - 3
Stream Diversion Channel (perspective view)
Figure 2
Source: GA SWCC
SDC - 4
Temporary Stream Crossing - TSC
DEFINITION and should not be accessible to the general

public.
A temporary structure installed across a
flowing stream or watercourse for use by DESIGN CRITERIA
construction equipment.
Professionals familiar with the hydraulic
PURPOSE calculations necessary to accomplish the
work should design stream crossing
This standard provides a means for construction plans and drawings using sound
construction vehicles to cross streams or engineering practices.
watercourses without moving sediment into
the stream, damaging the streambed or Size: The structure may be sized large
channel, or causing flooding. enough to convey the bankfull flow of the
stream, typically flows produced by a 2-year,
CONDITIONS 24-hour frequency storm, with normal high
water protection since the flood plain will
All stream crossings require authorization become effective at the bankfull elevation.
from the Tennessee Division of Water However, if the crossing is designed as a
Pollution Control and United States Army low-water crossing, provision must be made
Corps of Engineers prior to construction. for additional overflow protection of the
For more information, see Appendix C structure, to prevent washout during high
and: flow events.
http://www.state.tn.us/environment/permit
s/arap.htm Location: The temporary stream crossing
should be perpendicular to the stream.
Structures may include bridges, round pipes, Where approach conditions dictate, the
or pipe arches. Temporary stream crossings crossing may vary up to 15º from the
should be in place for less than one year, perpendicular.
TSC - 1
Overflow Protection: Structures should be would overtop the structure and make the
protected from washout during periods of crossing temporarily unusable. Additional
peak discharges by diverting high flows erosion protection of the fill would be
around or over the structures. Methods to be necessary for this design, in the form of
considered for washout protection may Class C or larger riprap to prevent the
include elevation of bridges above adjacent washout of the culverts.
flood plain lands, crowning of fills over pipes,
or by the use of diversions, dikes or island CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
type structures. Frequency and intended
use, stream channel conditions, overflow All Crossings
areas, potential flood damage, and surface
runoff control should be considered when 1. In-stream work should be performed in dry
selecting the type of temporary stream conditions. Utilize a stream diversion
crossing to be used. channel or cofferdams to provide dry
conditions for conducting the work. Refer to
Temporary Bridge Crossing - SC-B: A specification Stream Diversion Channel –
temporary access bridge causes the least SDC. Clearing of the streambed and banks
erosion of the stream channel crossing when should be kept to a minimum.
the bridge is installed and removed (See
Figure 1). It also provides the least
2. All surface water from the construction site
obstruction to flow and fish migration.
should be diverted onto undisturbed areas
Provided that the bridge is properly designed
adjoining the stream. Unstable stream banks
and appropriate materials are used, a
should be lined with riprap or otherwise
temporary access bridge typically is long
appropriately stabilized.
lasting and requires little maintenance. It
may also be salvaged at project’s end and
used again in the future. However, a 3. The crossing alignment shall be at right
temporary bridge crossing is generally the angles to the stream. Where approach
most expensive crossing to design and conditions dictate, the crossing may vary up
construct. It also creates the greatest safety to 15º from a line drawn perpendicular to the
hazard if not adequately designed, installed, centerline of the stream at the intended
and maintained. crossing location.
Temporary Culvert Crossing - SC-C: A 4. The centerline of both roadway

temporary access culvert is the most approaches should coincide with the crossing
common stream crossing. It can control alignment centerline for a minimum distance
erosion effectively, but can cause erosion of 50 feet from each bank of the waterway
when it is installed and removed. A being crossed. If physical or right-of-way
temporary culvert can be easily constructed restraints preclude the 50 feet minimum, a
and enables heavy equipment loads to be shorter distance may be provided. All fill
used. However, culverts create the greatest materials associated with the roadway
obstruction to flood flows and are subject to approach shall be limited to a maximum
blockage and washout. height of 2 feet above the existing flood plain
elevation.
The crossing may be designed based on the
stream flows resulting from a 2-year, 24-hour 5. A water diverting structure such as a
frequency storm, in which case, Class A or B waterbar diversion should be constructed
riprap may be used for normal erosion (across the roadway on both roadway
protection of the aggregate fill, and the approaches) 50 feet (maximum) on either
roadbed would be at the elevation of the top side of the waterway crossing. This will
of the banks. For temporary crossings of prevent roadway surface runoff from directly
streams with large watersheds, the crossing entering the waterway. The 50 feet distance
may also be designed based on the low-flow is measured from the top of the waterway
channel conditions as a low water crossing. bank. If the roadway approach is constructed
The culvert size would be adequate to with a reverse grade away from the
convey base flows, but high water events waterway, a separate diverting structure is
TSC - 2
not required. Refer to specification Diversion Temporary Culvert Crossing - SC-C
– DI.
1. All culverts must be strong enough to
6. The crossing structure should be removed support their cross-sectioned area under
as soon as it is no longer necessary for maximum expected loads.
access. During structure removal, utilize a
stream diversion channel or cofferdams to 2. The invert elevation of the culvert should
provide dry conditions for conducting the be installed on the natural streambed grade
work. at both ends.
7. Upon removal of the crossing structure, 3. A geotextile should be placed on the

the stream should immediately be restored to streambed and stream banks prior to the
its original cross-section and properly placement of the pipe culvert(s) and
stabilized. aggregate. The geotextile will prevent the
migration of soil particles from the subgrade
Temporary Bridge Crossing - SC-B into the graded stone. The geotextile should
cover the streambed and extend a minimum
1. The temporary bridge should be of six inches and a maximum of one foot
constructed at or above bank elevation to beyond the end of the culvert and bedding
prevent the entrapment of floating materials material. Refer to specification Geotextile –
and debris. GE.
2. Abutments should be placed parallel to the 4. The culverts should extend a minimum of
stream and on stable banks. one foot beyond the upstream and
downstream toe of the aggregate placed
3. Bridges should be constructed to span the around the culvert.
entire channel. If the channel width exceeds
eight feet (as measured from the tops of the 5. The culvert(s) should be covered with
banks), a temporary footing, pier, or bridge small riprap, such as TDOT Class A-1. The
support may be constructed within the depth of riprap above the top of the culvert
waterway. should be one-half the diameter of the culvert
or 18” whichever is greater.
4. Decking materials should be of sufficient
strength to support the anticipated load. 6. Multiple culverts should be separated by
Decking materials must be butted tightly to one-half the diameter of the culvert or 12”,
prevent any soil material tracked onto the whichever distance is greater. A final layer of
bridge from falling into the waterway below. coarse aggregate, such as TDOT #57,
should be applied to minimum depth of 6-
inchs.
5. Bridges should be securely anchored at
only one end using steel cable or chain. This
will prevent channel obstruction in the event
MAINTENANCE
that floodwaters float the bridge. Large trees,
The structure should be inspected after every
large boulders, or driven steel anchors can
rainfall and at least once a week, and all
serve as anchors.
damages repaired immediately. The
structure should be removed immediately
after construction is finished, and the
streambed and banks must be stabilized and
restored to pre-construction conditions.
TSC - 3
Temporary Bridge Crossing – SC-B
Figure 1
Source: Maryland Water Resources Administration
TSC - 4
Temporary Culvert Crossing – SC-C
MINERAL AGGREGATE
(SIZE 57) AT 6” THICK
CAPACITY OF CULVERTS SHALL

BE ADEQUATE TO CONVEY THE
DESIGN FLOW
Figure 2
Source: TDOT English Standard Drawings
TSC - 5
Bioengineered Stream Bank Stabilization - SBS
DEFINITION with mechanized equipment; and where the

work is done in accordance with an approved
The use of readily available native plant bioengineering plan from the United States
materials to maintain and enhance stream Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource
banks; or to prevent, or repair and restore small Conservation Service (NRCS).
stream bank erosion problems.
Stream bank stabilization without an
PURPOSE NRCS approved plan requires
authorization from the Tennessee
• Trap sediment from adjacent land Division of Water Pollution Control and
may require authorization from the United
• Form a root mat to stabilize and
States Army Corps of Engineers.
reinforce the soil on the stream bank
For more information, see Appendix C
• Provide wildlife habitat
and:
• Enhance the appearance of the stream http://www.state.tn.us/environment/permit
• Lower summertime water temperatures s/arap.htm
providing a healthy aquatic
environment SELECTED MEASURES
DESIGN CRITERIA Careful thought, planning and execution are
required to assure that the stream bank
Bioengineering is a stream bank stabilization stabilization project will be successful and
technique that uses natural materials such as long living.
grasses, shrubs, trees, roots, and logs to
divert water away from eroding banks, and Revegetation includes seeding and sodding of
stabilize the bank. Bioengineering is the grasses, seeding grasses in combination with
preferred method of stream bank erosion control fabrics, and the planting of
stabilization, and is permitted without woody vegetation (shrubs and trees). Refer to
notification where no work is done in stream specifications Disturbed Area Stabilization
SBS - 1
Area Stabilization (With Sod) - SO, and especially well when combined with surface
Buffer Zone - BF. covers such as jute mesh or coir fabrics.
Use erosion control blankets to aid in soil Live Fascine

stabilization and revegetation. Refer to
specification Erosion Control Blanket/Matting
- MA.
Live Stake: Fresh, live cut woody plant

cuttings are driven into the ground as stakes,
intended to root and grow into mature shrubs LIVE BRANCHES
that will stabilize soils and restore the riparian WOODEN STAKE
zone habitat. Live stakes provide no immediate LIVE STAKE
stream bank stabilization. Only certain species TWINE
of woody plants will work well for this LIVE BRANCHES
application. Willow species work best. See
Figure 1.
Live Stake
Figure 2
Brushmattress: A combination of living units

that forms an immediate protective surface
cover over the stream bank. See Figure 3.
Living units used include live stakes, live
fascines, and a mattress branch cover (long,
flexible branches placed against the bank
surface).
LIVE CUTTINGS
Brushmattreses require a great deal of live
Figure 1 material, and are complicated as well as
expensive to evaluate, design, and install.
Note: The following information applies to
all of the figures in this standard: Brushmatresses capture sediment during flood
conditions, produce habitat rapidly, and quickly
Rooted/leafed condition of the living plant develop a healthy riparian zone.
material is not representative at the time of
installation. Source of all figures: GA Brushmattress
SWCC
Live stakes may also be driven into riprap

LIVE BRANCHES
protected banks to help with permanent
stabilization, and improve aesthetics.
Live Fascine: Live fascines are sausage-like LIVE WOODEN

bundles of live cut branches placed into FASCINE STAKE
trenches along the stream bank. See Figure 2.
They provide immediate protection from erosion
LIVE STAKE
when properly used and installed. Willow
species work best.
Figure 3
Live fascines create very little site disturbance
as compared to other systems and works
Live Cribwall: A rectangular framework of logs
or timbers, rock, and woody cuttings. See
SBS - 2
Figure 4. This requires a great deal of Branchpacking produces an immediate filter
assessment and understanding of stream barrier, reducing scouring conditions, repairing
behavior. gully erosion, and providing habitat cover and
bank reinforcement.
Cribwalls can be complicated and expensive if a
supply of wood is not available. This is one of the most effective and
inexpensive methods for repairing holes in
Benefits include developing a natural stream earthen embankments along small stream sites.
bank or upland slope appearance after it has
begun to grow and provides excellent habitat for Branchpacking
a variety of fish, birds, and animals. It is very
useful where space is limited on small, narrow
stream corridors.
Live Cribwall
COMPACTED FILL
LIVE BRANCHES
WOODEN STAKE
TIMBERS OR LOGS
SELECT FILL
ROCK SELECTED ROOTED
PLANTS OR
CUTTINGS
Figure 5
MAINTENANCE
Check banks after every high-water event, fixing

Figure 4 gaps in the vegetative cover at once with
structural materials or new plants, and mulching
Branchpacking: Process of alternating layers if necessary. Fresh cuttings from other plants
of live branches and soil, incorporated into a may be used for repairs.
hole, gully, or slumped-out area in a slope or
stream bank. See Figure 5. There is a
moderate to complex level of difficulty for
construction.
SBS - 3
APPENDIX A.
CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT
Tennessee General Permit No. TNR10-0000
Storm Water Discharges from Construction Activities
Table of Contents
Page
Part Part heading No.
I. Conditions of coverage under this general permit 1
• Discharges covered by this permit 1
• Certain non-storm water discharges authorized 2
• Discharges not authorized by this permit 2
• Submitting an NOI 3
• Requesting termination of coverage 3
II. Notice of Intent (NOI) requirements 4
• Operators shall submit NOIs. 4
• Deadlines 5
• Where to submit NOIs 5
III. Special conditions, management practices, and other non-numeric 8
limitations
• Non-storm water discharges 8
• Releases in excess of reportable quantities 8
• Spills 9
• Compliance with State Water Quality Standards 9
• Responsibility of operators 10
• Additional permit requirements for discharges into waters 11
impaired by siltation
IV. Storm water pollution prevention plan (SWPPP) 11
• General description and purpose of plan 11
• Deadlines for plan preparation and compliance 12
• Signature, plan review and availability 12
• Keeping plans current 13
• Components of SWPPP 13-19
Site description, storm water runoff controls, erosion and
sediment controls, stabilization practices, structural practices,
storm water management, maintenance, inspections, non-
storm water discharges
V. (Reserved) 20
VI. Retention of records 20
VII. Standard permit conditions 20
VIII. Termination of coverage 25
IX. Definitions 26
Appendix A – Notice of Intent Form

Appendix B – Notice of Termination Form
Appendix C – Two year, 24 hour Rainfall Amounts
Appendix D – Inspection Report Form
Appendix E – 1998 303(d) List of Waters Impaired by Siltation
Appendix F – Minimum Requirements for Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan, applicable to previously permitted discharges
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Page 1
Tennessee General Permit No. TNR10-0000

Storm Water Discharges from Construction Activities
On this page...Part I.
Part I. Conditions of coverage under this permit
I.A. Permit area
This general permit covers all areas of the State of Tennessee.
I.B. Discharges covered by this permit
1. Storm water discharges associated with construction activity
This permit authorizes discharges of storm water from construction activities defined as follows:
construction activity including clearing, grading and excavation activities

except: operations that result in the disturbance of less than five acres of total
land area and which are not part of a larger common plan of development or
sale.
This permit may authorize discharges from sites that result in the disturbance of less than five
acres of total land area if: i. the Director has determined that the discharge from a site is
contributing to, or is likely to contribute to, a violation of a State water quality standard; or is a
significant contributor of pollutants to waters of the State, or is likely to be a significant
contributor of pollutants to waters of the State; or ii. changes in State or Federal rules require sites
of five acres or less to obtain a storm water permit. Otherwise, projects or developments of less
than five acres of land disturbance are not required to obtain authorization under this permit.
Note: Any discharge of storm water or other fluid to an improved sinkhole or other injection
well, as defined, must be authorized by permit or rule as a Class V underground injection under
the provisions of Tennessee Rule Chapter 1200-4-6.
2. Storm water discharges from construction support activities
This permit also authorizes storm water discharges from support activities (e.g., equipment
staging yards, material storage areas, excavated material disposal areas, borrow areas) provided:
a. The support activity is primarily related to a construction site that is covered under this
general permit and the owner/operator of the support activity is the same as the
owner/operator of the construction site;
b. The support activity is not a commercial operation serving multiple unrelated
construction projects by different operators, and does not operate beyond the completion
of the construction activity at the last construction project it supports; and
c. Appropriate controls and measures are identified in a storm water pollution prevention
plan covering the discharges from the support activity areas.
Process wastewater discharges from these activities are not authorized by this permit. Process
wastewaters must be authorized by an individual permit or appropriate, other general permit.
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TN CGP
Page 2
On this page...Section I.B.3.; I.C.; I.D.
3. Certain non-storm water discharges are covered by this permit.
The following non-storm water discharges from active construction sites are authorized by this
permit provided the non-storm water component of the discharge is in compliance with section
IV.D.5 (non-storm water discharges): dewatering of work areas of collected storm water and
ground water; waters used to wash vehicles (of dust and soil, not process materials such as
concrete) where detergents are not used and detention and/or filtering is provided before the water
leaves site; water used to control dust in accordance with item IV.D.2.c.ii.; potable water sources
including waterline flushings; routine external building washdown which does not use detergents;
uncontaminated ground water or spring water; foundation or footing drains where flows are not
contaminated with process materials such as solvents.
I.C. Discharges not authorized by this permit
The following storm water discharges are not authorized by this permit:
1. Post-Construction Discharges - Storm water discharges that originate from the construction site
after construction activities have been completed and the site has undergone final stabilization.
2. Discharges Mixed with Non-storm Water - Discharges that are mixed with sources of non-storm
water, other than discharges which are identified in section III.A.2. of this permit and which are
in compliance with section IV.D.5 (non-storm water discharges) of this permit. Any discharge
authorized by a different NPDES permit may be commingled with discharges authorized by this
permit.
3. Discharges Covered by Another Permit - Storm water discharges associated with construction
activity that have been issued an individual permit in accordance with paragraph VII.L.
4. Discharges Threatening Water Quality - Storm water discharges from construction sites that the
Director determines will cause, or have the reasonable potential to cause, violations of water
quality standards. (Where such determinations have been made, the discharger will be notified by
the Director in writing that an individual permit application is necessary. The individual permit
application will be on forms as determined by the Director.)
5. Discharges Causing or Contributing to the Impairment of a Section 303(d)-Listed Water – The
State shall not grant coverage under this permit for discharges that are causing or contributing to
the impairment of a Section 303(d) listed water or any water identified as impaired since
promulgation of the latest 303(d) list.
6. Discharges Not Protective of Federally or State listed Threatened and Endangered Species -
Storm water discharges and storm water discharge-related activities that are not protective of
legally protected listed or proposed threatened or endangered aquatic fauna in the receiving
stream(s); or discharges or activities that would result in a “take” of a Federally listed endangered
or threatened fish or wildlife species; if the State finds that storm water discharges or storm water
related activities are likely to result in any of the above effects, the State will deny the coverage
under this general permit unless and until project plans are changed to protect the listed species.
7. Discharges from a New or Proposed Mining Operation – Discharges from a new or proposed
mining operation are not covered by this permit.
8. Discharges Negatively Affecting a Property on the National Historic Register – Storm water
discharges that would negatively affect a property that is listed or is eligible for listing in the
National Historic Register maintained by the Secretary of Interior.
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On this page...beginning at I.D.; I.E.
I.D. Submitting an NOI is required to obtain coverage under the permit.
1. Preparation of pollution prevention plan prior to submitting NOI
In order for storm water discharges from construction activities to be authorized to discharge
under this general permit, a discharger must:
a. First develop a pollution prevention plan (covering either the entire site or all portions of
the site for which they are operators; see definition in Part IX.) according to the
requirements in Part IV (preparation and implementation of the Plan may be a
cooperative effort where there is more than one operator at a site); and
b. Submit a Notice of Intent (NOI) in accordance with the requirements of Part II, using an
NOI form provided by the Director (or a photocopy thereof). The Pollution Prevention
Plan must be prepared prior to submittal of NOI and implemented upon commencement
of construction activities.
2. New NOI for new operator
For construction sites where an operator changes, or where a new operator is added after the
submittal of the NOI under Part II, a new NOI for the new operator must be submitted in
accordance with Part II.
3. Effective date of coverage under the permit
Discharges from a construction activity are covered by this permit and the operator is authorized
to discharge storm water associated with construction activity as of the effective date and time the
Division of Water Pollution Control prepares a Notice of Coverage for the construction site. The
Director may deny coverage under this permit and require submittal of an application for an
individual NPDES permit based on a review of the NOI or other information. If the Division has
not been able to transmit an NOC to a permittee within 30 days of receipt of NOI, discharges are
authorized under this permit if the NOI has been assigned a valid NPDES permit number and the
permittee has been informed of this permit number.
I.E. Request for termination of coverage under the permit
1. NOT form
Operators wishing to terminate coverage under this permit must submit a Notice of Termination
(NOT) in accordance with Part VIII. of this permit. The NOT form is attached to this permit as
Appendix B.
2. NOT form to be submitted after final stabilization of site
All permittees must submit the NOT after completion of their construction activities and final
stabilization of their portion of the site, or after within 30 days after another operator has taken
over all of their responsibilities at the site. Appropriate enforcement actions may be taken for
permit violations where a permittee submits a NOT but the permittee has not transferred
operational control to another permittee or the site has not undergone final stabilization.
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Page 4
On this page...Part II.
II. Notice of Intent (NOI) requirements
II.A. NOI processing
An NOI shall be submitted by the construction site operator (or operators) to the appropriate
Environmental Assistance Center(s) (EAC). The Division of Water Pollution Control’s central office can
serve as an EAC for NOIs submitted for projects of the Tennessee Department of Transportation and the
Tennessee Valley Authority. The EAC will review the NOI for completeness and accuracy and as
necessary will investigate the project for possible impact to threatened and endangered species of aquatic
fauna. Upon completing the review, the EAC will transmit a Notice of Coverage (NOC) to the operator
identified as owner/developer on the NOI form.
II.B. Who must submit an NOI?
1. Operators must submit the NOI.
“Operator” for the purpose of this permit and in the context of storm water associated with
construction activity, means any party associated with a construction project that meets either of
the following two criteria:
a. The party has operational control over construction plans and specifications, including
the ability to make modifications to those plans and specifications; or
(This will typically be the owner or developer - one who has control over project
specifications.)
b. The party has day-to-day operational control of those activities at a project which are
necessary to ensure compliance with a storm water pollution prevention plan for the site
or other permit conditions (e.g., they are authorized to direct workers at a site to carry
out activities required by the SWPPP or comply with other permit conditions).
(This will typically include the general contractor and would also include erosion control
contractors.)
2. All operators shall sign the same NOI form.
All operators shall apply for permit coverage on the same NOI form, insofar as possible. The
Division’s NOI form is designed for more than one operator. The Division can accept separate
NOIs from different operators.
However, if one is filing an NOI as an operator at a site for which other operator(s) have already
applied and received a construction storm water permit number, then the NOI should include the
permit number assigned to the first NOI for the particular site. The description of the site should
match the description on the first NOI.
3. When operators change, new operators shall submit a new NOI.
In a case where one or more of the operators changes during the course of a construction project,
new operators shall submit new NOIs for their roles at the site. See below for deadlines.
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TN CGP
Page 5
On this page...beginning at II.C.; II.D.; II.E.
II.C. Deadlines for notification
1. 30 days prior to construction
Except as provided below, operators must submit an initial Notice of Intent (NOI) in accordance
with the requirements of this Part at least 30 days prior to the commencement of construction
activities (i.e., the initial disturbance of soils associated with clearing, grading, excavation
activities, or other construction activities).
2. When there is a change of operator
For storm water discharges from construction sites where the operator changes, or projects where
an operator is added after an initial NOI has been submitted as above, an NOI in accordance with
the requirements of this Part should be submitted as soon as practicable and at least 48 hours prior
to when the new operator assumes operational control over site specifications or commences
work at the site.
3. Late NOIs
Dischargers are not prohibited from submitting late NOIs. When a late NOI is submitted,
authorization is only for future discharges, and prior, unpermitted discharges are subject to the
liabilities of subpart VII.Q.
II.D. Contents of Notice of Intent (NOI)
1. NOI Form/Appendix A
Notices of Intent for construction projects shall be on the form provided in Appendix A of this
permit, or on photocopy thereof. This form and its instructions set forth the required content of
the NOI.
The NOI form must be designed to contain the names and addresses of operators of the
construction activity; location and name of the construction site; map showing location of the site;
size of the construction activity; estimated starting and ending dates of the construction; name of
stream into which storm water enters from the site; and whether or not a storm water pollution
prevention plan has been prepared for the project.
2. Completeness of the NOI
The Division may reject an NOI that is not complete with all the requested information.
3. Proper signature(s) on the NOI
The operator(s) of the construction site shall sign the NOIs. Persons who sign shall meet the
criteria in subpart VII.G. of this permit.
II.E. Where to submit and what to do with NOIs
1. The applicant shall submit the NOI to the appropriate Environmental Assistance Center (EAC).
One shall submit NOIs to the Division of Water Pollution Control in the EAC responsible for the
county(ies) where the construction activity is located and where storm water discharges enter
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On this page.. Section II.E.1. (continued)
waters of the State. If a site straddles a county line of counties that are in areas of different EACs,
the operators shall send NOIs to each EAC. EAC counties and addresses are given below. All
EACs may be reached by telephone at the toll-free number 1-888-891-8332(TDEC). Below are
the EACs organized from West to East Tennessee.
Fayette, Shelby and Tipton Counties:
TN DEPT OF ENV AND CONSERVATION

DIVISION OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
2510 MT MORIAH ROAD SUITE E-645
MEMPHIS TN 38115-1520
Benton, Carroll, Chester, Crockett, Decatur, Dyer, Gibson, Hardeman, Hardin, Haywood,
Henderson, Henry, Lake, Lauderdale, McNairy, Madison, Obion, Weakly counties:

362 CARRIAGE HOUSE DRIVE
JACKSON TN 38305-2222
Cheatham, Davidson, Dickson, Houston, Humphreys, Montgomery, Robertson, Rutherford,

Stewart, Sumner, Williamson, Wilson:

537 BRICK CHURCH PARK DRIVE
NASHVILLE TN 37243-1550
Bedford, Coffee, Franklin, Giles, Hickman, Lawrence, Lewis, Lincoln, Marshall, Maury, Moore,
Perry, Wayne

2484 PARK PLUS DRIVE
COLUMBIA TN 38401
Cannon, Clay, Cumberland, DeKalb, Fentress, Jackson, Macon, Pickett, Putnam, Overton, Smith,
Trousdale, Van Buren, Warren, White

1221 SOUTH WILLOW AVE
COOKEVILLE TN 38506
Bledsoe, Bradley, Grundy, Hamilton, McMinn, Marion, Meigs, Polk, Rhea, Sequatchie

STATE OFFICE BUILDING SUITE 550
540 MCCALLIE AVE
CHATTANOOGA TN 37402-2013
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On this page...section II.E.1. continued; II.E.2.
Anderson, Blount, Campbell, Claiborne, Cocke, Grainger, Hamblen, Jefferson, Knox, Loudon,
Monroe, Morgan, Roane, Scott, Sevier, Union

2700 MIDDLEBROOK PIKE SUITE 220
KNOXVILLE TN 37921
Carter, Greene, Hancock, Hawkins, Johnson, Sullivan, Unicoi, Washington Counties

2305 SILVERDALE ROAD
JOHNSON CITY TN 37601
Water Pollution Control Central Office (may be used by TVA and TDOT)
STORM WATER NOI PROCESSING

TENNESSEE DIVISION OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL, PERMIT SECTION
TH
6 FLOOR, L & C ANNEX
401 CHURCH STREET
NASHVILLE, TN 37243-1534
2. Certain applicants shall also submit a copy of the NOI to the local municipality
Applicants that discharge storm water through an NPDES-permitted municipal separate storm
sewer system (MS4) shall submit a signed copy of the NOI (and at project completion, the NOT)
to the owner/operator of the MS4. This is in addition to the original that is submitted to the EAC.
As of the effective date of this general permit, the following municipalities are NPDES permitted:
City of Memphis
125 North Main Street, Room 620
Memphis, TN 38103-2091
Nashville/Davidson County
Metro Department of Public Works/NPDES Program
Point Place Business Park, Suite 350
441 Donelson Pike
Nashville, TN 37214-3558
City of Knoxville/Engineering
City County Building, Suite 480
P.O. Box 1631
Knoxville, TN 37901-1631
Chattanooga Department of Public Works – Storm Water

1001 Lindsey Street
Chattanooga, TN 37402
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On this page...Section II.E.3; Part III.; III.A.; III.B.
3. Permittee shall post copy of NOC at site.
The Notice of Coverage (NOC) is a written notice from the Division of Water Pollution Control
sent to the permittee, informing permittee that the NOI was received and has been approved by
the Division. Permittees shall post, near the main entrance of the construction site, a copy of the
Director's notice of coverage (NOC), and post the telephone number and address of a person
whom the public can contact for information. See section IV.B.2. also.
Part III. Special conditions, management practices, and other non-numeric limitations
III.A. Prohibition on non-storm water discharges
1. Storm water discharges only
Except for discharges from support activities, as described in section I.B.2. and certain non-storm
water discharges listed in section I.B.3., all discharges covered by this permit shall be composed
entirely of storm water.
2. Other NPDES-permitted discharges
Discharges of storm water or wastewater that are in compliance with an NPDES permit (other
than this permit) issued for that discharge may be mixed with discharges authorized by this
permit.
3. Non-storm water discharges
The following non-storm water discharges from active construction sites are authorized by this
permit provided the non-storm water component of the discharge is in compliance with section
IV.D.5 (non-storm water discharges): dewatering of work areas of collected storm water and
ground water (see also paragraph IV.D.2.a. iii.(c) and (d)); waters used to wash vehicles (of dust
and soil, not process materials such as concrete) where detergents are not used and detention
and/or filtering is provided before the water leaves site; water used to control dust in accordance
with item IV.D.2.c.ii.; potable water sources including waterline flushings; routine external
building washdown which does not use detergents; uncontaminated ground water or spring water;
foundation or footing drains where flows are not contaminated with process materials such as
solvents.
III.B. Releases in excess of Reportable Quantities
The discharge of hazardous substances or oil in the storm water discharge(s) from a facility shall be
prevented or minimized in accordance with the applicable storm water pollution prevention plan for the
facility. This permit does not relieve the permittee of the reporting requirements of 40 CFR 117 and 40
CFR 302. Where a release containing a hazardous substance in an amount equal to or in excess of a
reporting quantity established under either 40 CFR 117 or 40 CFR 302, occurs during a 24 hour period:
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On this page...Section III.B.1.; III.C.; III.D.
1. The permittee is required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) (800-424-8802) and the
Tennessee Emergency Management Agency (emergencies: 800-262-3300; non-emergencies: 800-
262-3400) in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR 117 and 40 CFR 302 as soon as he or
she has knowledge of the discharge;
2. The permittee shall submit within 14 calendar days of knowledge of the release a written
description of: the release (including the type and estimate of the amount of material released),
the date that such release occurred, the circumstances leading to the release, what actions were
taken to mitigate effects of the release, and steps to be taken to minimize the chance of future
occurrences, to the appropriate Environmental Assistance Center at the address provided in
subpart II.E. above; and
3. The storm water pollution prevention plan required under Part IV. of this permit must be
modified within 14 calendar days of knowledge of the release: to provide a description of the
release, the circumstances leading to the release, and the date of the release. In addition, the plan
must be reviewed to identify measures to prevent the reoccurrence of such releases and to respond
to such releases, and the plan must be modified where appropriate.
III.C. Spills
This permit does not authorize the discharge of hazardous substances or oil resulting from an on-site spill.
III.D. Discharge compliance with State Water Quality Standards
1. Violation of Water Quality Standards Prohibited
This permit does not authorize storm water or other discharges that would result in a violation of
a State water quality standard (Rule Chapters 1200-4-3, 1200-4-4). Such discharges are a
violation of this permit.
Where a discharge is already authorized under this permit and the Division determines the
discharge to cause or contribute to the violation of applicable State water quality standards, the
permitting authority will notify the operator of such violation(s). The permittee shall take all
necessary actions to ensure future discharges do not cause or contribute to the violation of a water
quality standard and shall document these actions in the pollution prevention plan. See also
paragraph III.F.4. in cases where such a discharge affects a Section 303(d)-listed or impaired
waterbody.
2. Discharge quality
a. The construction activity shall be carried out in such a manner as will prevent violations
of water quality criteria as stated in Rule 1200-4-3-.03 of the Rules of the Tennessee
Department of Environment and Conservation. This includes but is not limited to the
prevention of any discharge that causes a condition in which visible solids, bottom
deposits, or turbidity impairs the usefulness of waters of the state for any of the uses
designated for that water body by Rule 1200-4-4. Use classifications for surface waters
include fish and aquatic life, livestock watering and wildlife, recreation, irrigation,
navigation, industrial water supply, and domestic water supply.
b. There shall be no distinctly visible floating scum, oil or other matter contained in the
storm water discharge.
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On this page...Section III.D.2.c.; III.E.
c. The storm water discharge must not cause an objectionable color contrast in the
receiving stream.
d. The storm water discharge must result in no materials in concentrations sufficient to be

hazardous or otherwise detrimental to humans, livestock, wildlife, plant life, or fish and
aquatic life in the receiving stream.
III.E. Responsibilities of operators
A permittee may meet one or both of the operational control components in the definition of “operator”
found in Part IX. Either section III.E.1. or III.E.2. below, or both, will apply depending on the type of
operational control exerted by an individual permittee. Section III.E.3. applies to all permittees.
1. Permittees with operational control over construction plans and specifications, including the
ability to make modifications to those plans and specifications (e.g., developer or owner) must:
a. Ensure the project specifications that they develop meet the minimum requirements of
Part IV (Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans (SWPPP)) and all other applicable
conditions;
b. Ensure that the SWPPP indicates the areas of the project where they have operational
control over project specifications (including the ability to make modifications in
specifications), and ensure all other permittees implementing portions of the SWPPP
impacted by any changes they make to the plan are notified of such modifications in a
timely manner; and
c. If parties with day-to-day operational control of the construction site have not been
identified at the time the SWPPP is initially developed, the permittee with operational
control over project specifications shall be considered to be the responsible party until
such time as the authority is transferred to another party (e.g., general contractor) and the
plan updated.
2. Permittee(s) with day-to-day operational control of those activities at a project which are
necessary to ensure compliance with a SWPPP for the site or other permit conditions (e.g.,
general contractor) must:
a. Ensure that the SWPPP for portions of the project where they are operators meets the
minimum requirements of Part IV (Storm Water Pollution Plan) and identifies the parties
responsible for implementation of control measures identified in the plan;
b. Ensure that the SWPPP indicates areas of the project where they have operational
control over day-to-day activities;
3. Permittees with operational control over only a portion of a larger construction project (e.g., one
of four homebuilders in a subdivision) are responsible for compliance with all applicable terms
and conditions of this permit as it relates to their activities on their portion of the construction
site, including implementation of BMPs and other controls required by the SWPPP. Permittees
shall ensure either directly or through coordination with other permittees, that their activities do
not render another party's pollution control ineffective. Permittees must either implement their
portions of a common SWPPP or develop and implement their own SWPPP.
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On this page...Section III.F.; Part IV.
III.F. Additional requirements for discharges into waters listed on the Tennessee 303(d) list for siltation, or
discharges upstream of waters impaired by siltation, that may affect the impaired waters; and for
discharges to waters identified by the Department as high quality waters
1. The Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan shall be submitted to the local Environmental
Assistance Center. Plans for TDOT and TVA projects may be submitted to the central office of
the Division of Water Pollution Control. This plan may be submitted with the NOI, but must be
submitted prior to start of construction (including grubbing, clearing, excavation).
2. The permittee shall perform the inspections described in section IV.D.4. before anticipated storm
events (or series of storm events such as intermittent showers over one or more days), and within
24 hours after the end of a storm event of 0.5 inches or greater, and at least once per week.
3. The permittee must certify on a weekly basis, on the form provided in Appendix D of this permit:
i. that the weekly inspection of erosion and sediment controls and of outfall points was
performed; and ii. whether or not all planned and designed erosion and sediment controls are
installed and in working order. The certification must be executed by a person who meets the
signatory requirements of subpart VII.G. of this permit. The record of certifications on the form
in Appendix D must be submitted by the 15th of the month (postmarked) following the end of the
quarter, to the address indicated in section II.E.1. Quarters are January – March, April – June,
July – September, and October – December.
4. If the Division finds that a discharge is causing a violation of water quality standards or causing
or contributing to the impairment of a 303(d) listed water or any water identified as impaired
since promulgation of the latest 303(d) list, and finds that the discharger is complying with storm
water pollution prevention plan requirements of this permit, the discharger will be notified by the
Director in writing that the discharge is no longer eligible for coverage under the general permit
and that continued discharges must be covered by an individual permit. To obtain the individual
permit, the operator must file an individual permit application.
Part IV. Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP)
A pollution prevention plan is required and a designated individual is to be responsible.
At least one storm water pollution prevention plan (SWPPP) shall be developed for each
construction project or site covered by this permit. For more effective coordination of BMPs and
opportunities for cost sharing, a cooperative effort by the different operators at a site to prepare
and participate in a comprehensive SWPPP is encouraged. Individual operators at a site may, but
are not required to develop separate SWPPPs that cover only their portion of the project. In
instances where there is more than one SWPPP for a site, the permittees must ensure the storm
water discharge controls and other measures are compatible with one another and do not prevent
another operator from complying with permit conditions.
The General Purpose of the Plan
Storm water pollution prevention plans shall be prepared in accordance with good engineering
practices. The plan shall identify potential sources of pollution which one would reasonably
expect to affect the quality of storm water discharges from the construction site. The plan shall
describe and ensure the implementation of practices which will be used to reduce the pollutants in
storm water discharges associated with construction activity at the construction site and to assure
compliance with the terms and conditions of this permit.
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Page 12
On this page...Section IV.A.; IV.B.
IV.A. Deadlines for plan preparation and compliance
1. For discharges authorized under a previous or existing general permit
a. Immediate compliance, at a minimum, with requirements for a construction site storm

water control plan, construction management techniques, vegetative controls, structural
controls, discharge quality, and reporting and recordkeeping requirements in Appendix F
[former Tennessee Rule Chapter 1200-4-10-.05, paragraphs (5), (6) and (7)]
b. No later than January 1, 2001, for discharges addressed by part III.F. of this permit,
compliance with subparts III.F.2. and 3., or by an earlier date if so notified in writing by
the Division
c. No later than December 31, 2001, or earlier if so notified in writing by the Division,
compliance with all parts of this permit
2. For discharges not authorized under an NPDES permit as of the effective date of this permit, the
plan shall:
a. Be completed prior to the submittal of an NOI to be covered under this permit and updated as
appropriate; and
b. The plan shall provide for compliance with the terms and schedule of the plan beginning with
the initiation of construction activities.
IV.B. Signature, plan review and making plans available
1. Plan must be correctly signed.
The plan shall be signed by the operator (operators) in accordance with subpart VII.G., and be
retained on-site at the facility which generates the storm water discharge in accordance with Part
VI (retention of records) of this permit. If the site is inactive or does not have an onsite location
adequate to store the pollution prevention plan, the location of the plan, along with a contact
phone number, shall be posted on site. If the plan is located offsite, reasonable local access to the
plan, during normal working hours, must be provided as described below.
2. The permittee shall post a notice near the main entrance of the construction site with the
following information:
a. A copy of the Notice of Coverage (NOC) with the NPDES permit number for the
project;
b. The name and telephone number of a local contact person;
c. A brief description of the project; and
d. The location of the SWPPP if the site is inactive or does not have an on-site location to
store the plan.
If posting this information near a main entrance is infeasible due to safety concerns, the notice
shall be posted in a local public building. If the construction project is a linear construction
project (e.g., pipeline, highway, etc.), the notice must be placed in a publicly accessible location
near where construction is actively underway and moved as necessary. This permit does not
provide the public with any right to trespass on a construction site for any reason, including
inspection of a site. This permit does not require that permittees allow members of the public
access to a construction site.
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Page 13
On this page... beginning at IV.B.3.; IV.C.; IV.D.
3. Plans are subject to revision because of deficiencies identified by the Director.
The Director, or authorized representative, may notify the permittee(s) at any time that the plan
does not meet one or more of the minimum requirements of this Part. Such notification shall
identify those provisions of the permit which are not being met by the plan. The dischargers shall
have 48 hours, unless additional time is provided by the Director, after such notification to make
changes to sediment and erosion controls to prevent the discharges of sediment from the site and
14 days to make necessary changes to the plan. The Director may take appropriate enforcement
action for the period of time the permittee was operating under a plan that did not meet the
minimum requirements of the permit. The Director, or authorized representative, may require
revisions to the plan necessary to prevent a negative impact to legally protected state or federally
listed or proposed threatened or endangered aquatic fauna.
4. The permittee shall make plans available upon request to the Director; or local agency approving
sediment and erosion plans, grading plans, or storm water management plans; or in the case of a
storm water discharge associated with industrial (construction) activity which discharges through
a municipal separate storm sewer system with an NPDES permit, to the municipal operator of the
system.
IV.C. Keeping plans current
The permittee must amend the plan:
i. Whenever there is a change in the scope of the project, which would be expected to have a
significant affect on the discharge of pollutants to the waters of the State and which has not
otherwise been addressed in the plan;
ii. Whenever inspections or investigations by site operators, local, State or federal officials indicate
the storm water pollution prevention plan is proving ineffective in eliminating or significantly
minimizing pollutants from sources identified under section IV.D.2 of this permit, or is otherwise
not achieving the general objectives of controlling pollutants in storm water discharges associated
with construction activity;
iii. To identify any new contractor and/or subcontractor that will implement a measure of the storm
water pollution prevention plan (see subpart III.E. for further description of which contractors
must be identified); and
iv. To include measures necessary to prevent a negative impact to legally protected state or federally
listed or proposed threatened or endangered aquatic fauna. Amendments to the plan may be
reviewed by the State of Tennessee and EPA in the same manner as subpart IV.B above.
IV.D. Components of Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
The storm water pollution prevention plan (SWPPP) shall include the following items:
1. Site description
Each plan shall provide a description of pollutant sources and other information as indicated:
a. A description of the nature of the construction activity;

b. A description of the intended sequence of major activities which disturb soils for major
portions of the site (e.g., grubbing, excavation, grading, utilities and infrastructure
installation, etc.);
c. Estimates of the total area of the site and the total area of the site that is expected to be
disturbed by excavation, grading, or other activities;
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On this page...beginning at Section IV.D.1.d.; IV.D.2.
d. Any data describing the soil (data may be referenced or summarized) or the quality of
any discharge from the site;
e. An estimate of the runoff coefficient of the site after construction activities are
completed;
f. A general location map (e.g. portion of a city or county map or similar scale) and a site
map indicating drainage patterns and approximate slopes anticipated after major grading
activities, areas of soil disturbance, an outline of areas which are not to be disturbed, the
location of major structural and nonstructural controls identified in the plan, the location
of areas where stabilization practices are expected to occur, surface waters including
wetlands, sinkholes, and locations where storm water is discharged to a surface water;
g. Careful identification on the site map of outfall points for storm water discharges from
the site; the plan shall identify outfall points intended for coverage under the general
permit;
h. A description of any discharge associated with industrial activity other than construction
storm water that originates on site and the location of that activity; and
i. The name of the receiving water(s), and approximate size and location of affected
wetland acreage at the site.
2. What storm water runoff controls must be used?
Each plan shall include a description of appropriate controls and measures that will be
implemented at the construction activity. The plan must clearly describe for each major activity
identified in paragraph IV.D.1.b: (a) appropriate control measures and the general timing during
the construction process that the measures will be implemented and (b) which permittee is
responsible for implementation of which controls. The description and implementation of
controls shall address the following minimum components; additional controls may be necessary
to comply with section III.D.2:
a. Erosion and sediment controls
i. General criteria and requirements
(a) The construction-phase erosion and sediment controls shall be designed to

retain sediment on site.
(b) All control measures must be properly selected, installed, and maintained in
accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications and good engineering
practices. If periodic inspections or other information indicates a control has
been used inappropriately, or incorrectly, the permittee must replace or modify
the control for site situations.
(c) If sediment escapes the construction site, off-site accumulations of sediment
that have not reached a stream must be removed at a frequency sufficient to
minimize offsite impacts (e.g., fugitive sediment that has escaped the
construction site and has collected in street must be removed so that it is not
subsequently washed into storm sewers and streams by the next rain and/or so
that it does not pose a safety hazard to users of public streets). Permittees shall
not initiate remediation/restoration of a stream without consulting the Division
first. This permit does not, however, authorize access to private property.
(d) Sediment should be removed from sediment traps, silt fences, sedimentation
ponds, and other sediment controls as necessary, and must be removed when
design capacity has been reduced by 50%.
(e) Litter, construction debris, and construction chemicals exposed to storm water
shall be picked up prior to anticipated storm events (e.g. forecasted by local
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On this page...Section IV.D.2.a.i.(e) (continued); IV.D.2.a.ii.
weather reports), or otherwise prevented from becoming a pollutant source for

storm water discharges (e.g., screening outfalls, daily pick-up, etc.). After use,
silt fences should be removed or otherwise prevented from becoming a
pollutant source for storm water discharges.
(f) Offsite material storage areas (also including overburden and stockpiles of dirt,
etc.) used solely by the permitted project are considered a part of the project
and shall be addressed in the pollution prevention plan.
(g) Pre-construction vegetative ground cover shall not be destroyed, removed or
disturbed more than 20 calendar days prior to grading or earth moving unless
the area is seeded and/or mulched or other temporary cover is installed.
(h) Clearing and grubbing must be held to the minimum necessary for grading and
equipment operation.
(i) Construction must be sequenced to minimize the exposure time of graded or
denuded areas.
(j) Construction must be phased for projects in which over 50 acres of soil will be
disturbed. Areas of the completed phase must be stabilized within 21 days after
another phase has been initiated.
(k) Erosion and sediment control measures must be in place and functional before
earth moving operations begin, and must be constructed and maintained
throughout the construction period. Temporary measures may be removed at
the beginning of the work day, but must be replaced at the end of the work day.
(l) The following records shall be maintained on site: the dates when major
grading activities occur; the dates when construction activities temporarily or
permanently cease on a portion of the site; and the dates when stabilization
measures are initiated.
ii. Stabilization practices
The plan shall include a description of interim and permanent stabilization practices,
including site-specific scheduling of the implementation of the practices. Site plans
should ensure that existing vegetation is preserved where attainable and that
disturbed portions of the site are stabilized. Site plans should give consideration to
using waterway buffer areas in which construction activities, borrow and/or fill are
prohibited. Stabilization practices may include: temporary seeding, permanent
seeding, mulching, geotextiles, sod stabilization, vegetative buffer strips, protection
of trees, preservation of mature vegetation, and other appropriate measures. Use of
impervious surfaces for stabilization should be avoided.
(a) Stabilization measures shall be initiated as soon as practicable in portions of the

site where construction activities have temporarily or permanently ceased, but
in no case more than seven days after the construction activity in that portion of
the site has temporarily or permanently ceased. Except in the following two
situations: i. where the initiation of stabilization measures by the seventh day is
precluded by snow cover or frozen ground conditions, stabilization measures
shall be initiated as soon as practicable; or ii. where construction activity on a
portion of the site is temporarily ceased, and earth disturbing activities will be
resumed within 15 days, temporary stabilization measures do not have to be
initiated on that portion of site.
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On this page...Section IV.D.2.a.ii.(b); IV.D.a.iii.
(b) Temporary or permanent soil stabilization shall be accomplished within 15 days

after final grading or other earth work. Permanent stabilization with perennial
vegetation (using native herbaceous and woody plants where practicable) or
other permanently stable, non-eroding surface shall replace any temporary
measures as soon as practicable.
iii. Structural practices
The plan shall include a description of structural practices to divert flows from
exposed soils, store flows or otherwise limit runoff and the discharge of pollutants
from exposed areas of the site to the degree attainable. Such practices may include
silt fences, earth dikes, drainage swales, sediment traps, check dams, subsurface
drains, pipe slope drains, level spreaders, storm drain inlet protection, rock outlet
protection, reinforced soil retaining systems, gabions, and temporary or permanent
sediment basins. Structural controls shall not be placed in streams or wetlands
except as authorized by a section 404 permit and/or Tennessee Aquatic Resource
Alteration Permit.
(a) Erosion and sediment control measures shall be designed according to the size
and slope of disturbed or drainage areas to detain runoff and trap sediment. In
addition, erosion and sediment controls shall be designed to control the rainfall
and runoff from a 2 year, 24 hour storm, as a minimum. (Approx. values:
Memphis, 4.0 inches/24 hours; Nashville, 3.5 inches/24 hours; Chattanooga, 3.6
inches/24 hours; and Knoxville, 3.2 inches/24 hours. See Appendix C.)
Permittees shall maintain a rain gauge at the site.
(b) For common drainage locations that serve an area with 10 or more acres
disturbed at one time, a temporary (or permanent) sediment basin that provides
storage for a calculated volume of runoff from a 2 year, 24 hour storm and
runoff coefficient from each disturbed acre drained, or equivalent control
measures, shall be provided where attainable until final stabilization of the site.
Where no such calculation has been performed, a temporary (or permanent)
sediment basin providing 3,600 cubic feet of storage per acre drained, or
equivalent control measures, shall be provided until final stabilization of the
site. When computing the number of acres draining into a common location, it
is not necessary to include flows from offsite areas and flows from onsite areas
that are either undisturbed or have undergone final stabilization where such
flows are diverted around both the disturbed area and the sediment basin. For
drainage locations which serve 10 or more disturbed acres at one time and
where a temporary sediment basin providing 3,600 cubic feet of storage per
acre drained, or equivalent controls are not attainable, multiple, smaller
sediment basins and/or sediment traps must be used.
(c) Discharges from sediment basins and traps must be through a pipe or lined or
well grassed channel so that the discharge does not cause erosion.
(d) Muddy water to be pumped from excavation and work areas must be held in
settling basins or filtered prior to its discharge into surface waters. Water must
be discharged through a pipe, well grassed or lined channel or other equivalent
means so that the discharge does not cause erosion and sedimentation.
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On this page...Section IV.D.2.b.
b. Storm water management
The SWPPP shall include a description of measures that will be installed during the
construction process to control pollutants in storm water discharges that will occur after
construction operations have been completed. This permit only addresses the installation
of storm water management measures, and not the ultimate operation and maintenance
of such structures after the construction activities have been completed and the site has
undergone final stabilization. Permittees are only responsible for the installation and
maintenance of storm water management measures prior to final stabilization of the site,
and are not responsible for maintenance after storm water discharges associated with
construction activity have been eliminated from the site.
i. Such practices may include: storm water detention structures (including wet ponds);
storm water retention structures; flow attenuation by use of open vegetated swales
and natural depressions; infiltration of runoff onsite; and sequential systems (which
combine several practices). The pollution prevention plan shall include an
explanation of the technical basis used to select the practices to control pollution
where flows exceed predevelopment levels.
ii. Velocity dissipation devices shall be placed at discharge locations and along the
length of any outfall channel to provide a non-erosive velocity flow from the
structure to a water course so that the natural physical and biological characteristics
and functions are maintained and protected (e.g., no significant changes in the
hydrological regime of the receiving water).
c. Other items needing control
i. No solid materials, including building materials, shall be discharged to waters of the

United States, except as authorized by a section 404 permit and/or Tennessee
Aquatic Resource Alteration Permit.
ii. Off-site vehicle tracking of sediments and the generation of dust shall be minimized.
iii. For installation of any waste disposal systems on site, or sanitary sewer or septic
system, the plan shall provide for the necessary sediment controls. Permittees must
also comply with applicable State and/or local waste disposal, sanitary sewer or
septic system regulations for such systems to the extent these are located within the
permitted area.
iv. The plan shall include a description of construction and waste materials expected to
be stored on-site with updates as appropriate. The SWPPP shall also include a
description of controls to reduce pollutants from these materials including storage
practices to minimize exposure of the materials to storm water, and spill prevention
and response.
v. A description of storm water sources from areas other than construction and a
description of controls and measures that will be implemented at those sites.
vi. The plan shall include measures to protect legally protected state or federally listed
threatened or endangered aquatic fauna and/or critical habitat (if applicable).
d. Approved local government sediment and erosion control requirements
i Permittees must include in their plan any procedures and requirements specified in
applicable sediment and erosion site plans or site permits, or storm water
management site plans or site permits approved by local officials.
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On this page...Section IV.D.2.a.iii.d. (continued); IV.D.3.
Permittees shall comply with any such requirements during the term of the permit.
This provision does not apply to provisions of master plans, comprehensive plans,
non -enforceable guidelines or technical guidance documents that are not identified
in a specific local government plan or permit that is issued for the construction site.
ii. Storm water pollution prevention plans must be amended to reflect any change that
is instituted by the local government to sediment and erosion site plans or site
permits, or storm water management site plans or site permits for which the
permittee receives written notice.
3. Maintenance
The plan shall describe procedures to ensure that vegetation, erosion and sediment control
measures and other protective measures identified in the site plan are kept in good and effective
operating condition. Maintenance needs identified in inspections or by other means shall be
accomplished before the next storm event if possible, but in no case more than seven days after
the need is identified. If maintenance prior to the next anticipated storm event is impracticable,
maintenance must be scheduled and accomplished as soon as practicable.
4. Inspections
a. Inspector training and certification
(Reserved)
b. Schedule of inspections
i. Except for construction sites identified according to Part III.F.*, inspections,

described in paragraphs c., d., and e. below, shall be done before anticipated
storm events (or series of storm events such as intermittent showers over one or
more days), and within 24 hours after the end of a storm event of 0.5 inches or
greater, and at least once every fourteen calendar days. Where sites have been
finally or temporarily stabilized, or runoff is unlikely due to winter conditions
(e.g. site covered with snow, ice, or frozen ground), such inspection only has to
be conducted once per month.
ii. For discharges identified for additional requirements under Part III.F.*,
inspections, described in paragraphs c., d., and e. below, shall be performed
before anticipated storm events (or series of storm events such as intermittent
showers over one or more days), within 24 hours after the end of a storm event
of 0.5 inches or greater, and at least once per week.
* Discharges into waters listed on the Tennessee 303(d) list for siltation or
waters identified by the Department as impaired because of siltation since
promulgation of the latest 303(d) list; and for discharges to waters identified by
the Department as high quality waters.
iii. Inspections and associated, necessary repairs done 60 hours before a rain event
constitute compliance with “before anticipated storm events,” and inspections
and repairs on a Friday meet the requirement for rain events over the weekend.
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On this page...Section IV.D.4.c.
c. Qualified personnel (provided by the permittee or cooperatively by multiple permittees)

shall inspect disturbed areas of the construction site that have not been finally stabilized,
areas used for storage of materials that are exposed to precipitation, structural control
measures, and locations where vehicles enter or exit the site.
d. Disturbed areas and areas used for storage of materials that are exposed to precipitation
shall be inspected for evidence of, or the potential for, pollutants entering the drainage
system. Erosion and sediment control measures identified in the plan shall be observed
to ensure that they are operating correctly.
e. Outfall points (where discharges from the site enter streams or wet weather
conveyances) shall be inspected to ascertain whether erosion control measures are
effective in preventing significant impacts to receiving waters. Where discharge
locations are inaccessible, nearby downstream locations shall be inspected if possible.
Locations where vehicles enter or exit the site shall be inspected for evidence of offsite
sediment tracking.
f. Based on the results of the inspection, any inadequate control measures or control
measures in disrepair shall be replaced or modified, or repaired as necessary, before the
next rain event if possible, but in no case more than seven days after the need is
identified. If maintenance prior to the next anticipated storm event is impracticable,
maintenance must be scheduled and accomplished as soon as practicable.
g. Based on the results of the inspection, the site description identified in the plan in
accordance with paragraph IV.D.1 of this permit and pollution prevention measures
identified in the plan in accordance with paragraph IV.D.2 of this permit shall be revised
as appropriate, but in no case later than 14 calendar days following the inspection. Such
modifications shall provide for timely implementation of any changes to the plan in no
case later than 21 calendar days following the inspection.
h. Inspections shall be documented and include the scope of the inspection, name(s) and
title or qualifications of personnel making the inspection, the date(s) of the inspection,
major observations relating to the implementation of the storm water pollution
prevention plan (including the location(s) of discharges of sediment or other pollutants
from the site and of any control device that failed to operate as designed or proved
inadequate for a particular location), and actions taken in accordance with paragraph
IV.D.4.f. of the permit.
5. Non-storm water discharges
Sources of non-storm water listed in section III.A.3 of this permit that are combined with storm
water discharges associated with construction activity must be identified in the plan. The plan
shall identify and ensure the implementation of appropriate pollution prevention measures for the
non-storm water component(s) of the discharge. Any non-storm water must be discharged
through stable discharge structures.
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Page 20
On this page...Part V.; Part VI.; Part VII.; VII.B.
Part V. (Reserved)
Part VI. Retention of records
VI.A. Documents
The permittee shall retain copies of storm water pollution prevention plans and all reports required by this
permit, and records of all data used to complete the Notice of Intent to be covered by this permit, for a
period of at least three years from the date the notice of termination is filed. This period may be extended
by written request of the Director.
VI.B. Accessibility
The permittee shall retain a copy of the storm water pollution prevention plan required by this permit
(including a copy of the permit language) at the construction site (or other local location accessible to the
Director and the public) from the date construction commences to the date of final stabilization. The
permittees with day to day operational control over pollution prevention plan implementation shall have a
copy of the plan available at a central location onsite for the use of all operators and those identified as
having responsibilities under the plan whenever they are on the construction site.
VII. Standard permit conditions
VII.A. Duty to comply
The permittee must comply with all conditions of this permit. Any permit noncompliance constitutes a
violation of CWA and is grounds for enforcement action; for termination of permit coverage, or for denial
of a permit renewal application.
VII.B. Continuation of the expired general permit
This permit expires five years after the effective date. However, an expired general permit may continue
in force and effect until a new general permit replaces the expired one. To retain coverage under the
continued permit, permittees should provide notice of their intent to remain covered under this permit at
least 30 days prior to the expiration date. Coverage under the expired general permit will terminate 90
days after the effective date of a new general permit that replaces the expired one. The notice must be
signed in accordance with section VII.G.1. of this permit and must contain the following information:
i. Name, address and telephone number of the operator; and

ii. The existing storm water construction permit number.
This information may be submitted on a post card or in a letter and shall be submitted to the appropriate
Environmental Assistance Center of the Division of Water Pollution Control, as given in subpart II.D.
VII.C. Need to halt or reduce activity not a defense
It shall not be a defense for a permittee in an enforcement action that it would have been necessary to halt
or reduce the permitted activity in order to maintain compliance with the conditions of this permit.
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Page 21
On this page…beginning at VII.D.
VII.D. Duty to mitigate
The permittee shall take all reasonable steps to minimize or prevent any discharge in violation of this
permit.
VII.E. Duty to provide information
The permittee shall furnish to the Director or an authorized representative of the Director any information
which is requested to determine compliance with this permit or other information.
VII.F. Other information
When the permittee becomes aware that he or she failed to submit any relevant facts or submitted incorrect
information in the Notice of Intent or in any other report to the Director, he or she shall promptly submit
such facts or information.
VII.G. Signatory requirements
All Notices of Intent, storm water pollution prevention plans, reports, certifications or information either
submitted to the Director or the operator of a large or medium municipal separate storm sewer system shall
be signed as follows:
1. All Notices of Intent shall be signed as follows:
a. For a corporation: by a responsible corporate officer. For the purpose of this section, a
responsible corporate officer means: a president, secretary, treasurer, or vice-president of
the corporation in charge of a principal business function, or any other person who
performs similar policy or decision-making functions for the corporation; or the manager
of one or more manufacturing, production or operating facilities employing more than
250 persons or having gross annual sales or expenditures exceeding $25,000,000 (in
second-quarter 1980 dollars) if authority to sign documents has been assigned or
delegated to the manager in accordance with corporate procedures;
b. For a partnership or sole proprietorship: by a general partner or the proprietor,
respectively; or
c. For a municipality, State, Federal, or other public agency: by either a principal executive
officer or ranking elected official. For purposes of this section, a principal executive
officer of a Federal agency includes (1) the chief executive officer of the agency, or (2) a
senior executive officer having responsibility for the overall operations of a principal
geographic unit of the agency (e.g., Regional Administrators of EPA).
2. Storm water pollution prevention plans, reports, certifications or other information submittals
shall be signed as follows:
All reports required by the permit and other information requested by the Director or authorized
representative of the Director shall be signed by a person described above or by a duly authorized
representative of that person. A person is a duly authorized representative only if:
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Page 22
On this page... Section VII.G.2. (continued); VII.H.; VII.I.
a. The authorization is made in writing by a person described above and submitted to the
Director.
b. The authorization specifies either an individual or a position having responsibility for the
overall operation of the regulated facility or activity, such as the position of manager,
operator, superintendent, or position of equivalent responsibility or an individual or
position having overall responsibility for environmental matters for the company. (A
duly authorized representative may thus be either a named individual or any individual
occupying a named position).
c. Changes to authorization. If an authorization under section II.B.3. is no longer accurate
because a different operator has responsibility for the overall operation of the
construction site, a new notice of intent satisfying the requirements of paragraph II.B
must be submitted to the Director prior to or together with any reports, information, or
applications to be signed by an authorized representative.
3. Certification. Except as noted in section 4 below, any person signing documents under paragraph
VII.G shall make the following certification. Thus, this certification must precede the signature
on any report to be signed and submitted pursuant to this permit:
I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my
direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly
gathered and evaluated the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who
manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information
submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are
significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for
knowing violations.
4. Construction contractors required to sign an NOI because they meet the definition of an operator
but who are not primarily responsible for preparing an NOI, shall sign the following certification
statement on the NOI:
I certify under penalty of law that I have reviewed this document, any attachments, and the
SWPPP referenced above. Based on my inquiry of the construction site owner/developer identified above
and/or my inquiry of the person directly responsible for assembling this Notice of Intent, I believe the
information submitted is accurate. I am aware that this NOI, if approved, makes the above-described
construction activity subject to NPDES permit number TNR100000, and that certain of my activities on-site
are thereby regulated. I am aware that there are significant penalties, including the possibility of fine and
imprisonment for knowing violations, for failure to comply with these permit requirements.
VII.H. Penalties for falsification of reports
Knowingly making any false statement on any report required by this permit may result in the imposition
of criminal penalties as provided for in Section 309 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and in
T.C.A. §69-3-115 of the Tennessee Water Quality Control Act.
VII.I. Oil and hazardous substance liability
Nothing in this permit shall be construed to preclude the institution of any legal action or relieve the
permittee from any responsibilities, liabilities, or penalties to which the permittee is or may be subject
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Page 23
On this page... Section VII.I. (continued)
under section 311 of the CWA or section 106 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA).
VII.J. Property rights
The issuance of this permit does not convey any property rights of any sort, nor any exclusive privileges,
nor does it authorize any injury to private property nor any invasion of personal rights, nor any
infringement of Federal, State or local laws or regulations. The issuance of this permit does not authorize
trespassing or discharges of storm water or non-storm water across private property.
VII.K. Severability
The provisions of this permit are severable, and if any provision of this permit, or the application of any
provision of this permit to any circumstance, is held invalid, the application of such provision to other
circumstances, and the remainder of this permit shall not be affected thereby.
VII.L. Requiring an individual permit
1. Director can require a site to obtain an individual permit.
The Director may require any person authorized by this permit to apply for and/or obtain an
individual NPDES permit. Any interested person may petition the Director to take action under
this paragraph. Where the Director requires a discharger authorized to discharge under this
permit to apply for an individual NPDES permit, the Director shall notify the discharger in
writing that a permit application is required. This notification shall include a brief statement of
the reasons for this decision, an application form if needed, a statement setting a deadline for the
discharger to file the application, and a statement that on the effective date of issuance or denial
of the individual NPDES permit or the alternative general permit as it applies to the individual
permittee, coverage under this general permit shall automatically terminate. Applications shall be
submitted to the appropriate Environmental Assistance Center of the Division as indicated in
subpart II.E of this permit. The Director may grant additional time to submit the application upon
request of the applicant. If a discharger fails to submit in a timely manner an individual NPDES
permit application as required by the Director under this paragraph, then the applicability of this
permit to the individual NPDES permittee is automatically terminated at the end of the day
specified by the Director for application submittal.
2. Permittee may request individual permit instead of this permit.
Any discharger authorized by this permit may request to be excluded from the coverage of this
permit by applying for an individual permit. In such cases, the permittee shall submit an
individual application in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR 122.26(c)(1)(ii), with
reasons supporting the request, to the Water Pollution Control office of the appropriate
Department Environmental Assistance Center. The request may be granted by issuance of an
individual permit, or alternative general permit, if the reasons cited by the permittee are adequate
to support the request.
3. Individual permit terminates general permit.
When an individual NPDES permit is issued to a discharger otherwise subject to this permit, or
the discharger is authorized to discharge under an alternative NPDES general permit, the
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On this page…Section VII.L.3. (continued); VII.M.
applicability of this permit to the individual NPDES permittee is automatically terminated on the
effective date of the individual permit or the date of authorization of coverage under the
alternative general permit, whichever the case may be. When an individual NPDES permit is
denied to an owner or operator otherwise subject to this permit, or the owner or operator is denied
for coverage under an alternative NPDES general permit, the applicability of this permit to the
individual NPDES permittee is automatically terminated on the date of such denial, unless
otherwise specified by the Director.
VII.M. Other, non-storm water, program requirements
No condition of this permit shall release the permittee from any responsibility or requirements under other
environmental statutes or regulations.
VII.N. Proper operation and maintenance
The permittee shall at all times properly operate and maintain all facilities and systems of treatment and
control (and related appurtenances) which are installed or used by the permittee to achieve compliance
with the conditions of this permit and with the requirements of storm water pollution prevention plans.
Proper operation and maintenance also includes adequate laboratory controls and appropriate quality
assurance procedures. Proper operation and maintenance requires the operation of backup or auxiliary
facilities or similar systems, installed by a permittee only when necessary to achieve compliance with the
conditions of the permit.
VII.O. Inspection and entry
The permittee shall allow authorized representatives of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Director
or an authorized representative of the Director of the Division of Water Pollution Control, or, in the case of
a construction site which discharges through a municipal separate storm sewer, an authorized
representative of the municipal operator or the separate storm sewer receiving the discharge, upon the
presentation of credentials and other documents as may be required by law:
i. To enter upon the permittee's premises where a regulated facility or activity is located or
conducted or where records must be kept under the conditions of this permit;
ii. To have access to and copy at reasonable times, any records that must be kept under the
conditions of this permit; and
iii. To inspect any facilities or equipment (including monitoring and control equipment).
VII.P. Permit actions
This permit may be modified, revoked and reissued, or terminated for cause. The filing of a request by the
permittee for a permit modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination, or a notification of planned
changes or anticipated noncompliance does not stay any permit condition.
VII.Q. Liabilities
1. Civil and criminal liability
Except as provided in this permit, nothing in this permit shall be construed to relieve the
permittee from civil or criminal penalties for noncompliance. Notwithstanding this permit, the
permittee shall remain liable for any damages sustained by the State of Tennessee, including
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On this page... Section VII.Q.1. (continued); Part VIII.
but not limited to fish kills and losses of aquatic life and/or wildlife, as a result of the discharge of
waste water to any surface or subsurface waters. Additionally, notwithstanding this permit, it
shall be the responsibility of the discharger to conduct its waste water treatment and/or discharge
activities in a manner such that public or private nuisances or health hazards will not be created.
2. Liability under State law
Nothing in this permit shall be construed to preclude the institution of any legal action or relieve
the permittee from any responsibilities, liabilities, or penalties established pursuant to any
applicable State law or the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended.
Part VIII. Termination of coverage
VIII.A. Notice of Termination (NOT)
1. Where a site has been finally stabilized and all storm water discharges from construction
activities that are authorized by this permit are eliminated, or where storm water discharges have
otherwise been eliminated, or where the operator of all storm water discharges at a facility
changes, the permittee must submit a Notice of Termination that is signed in accordance with
Subpart VII.G of this permit.
2. The Notice of Termination shall be submitted on the Division’s NOT form provided in Appendix
B of this permit.
3. The following certification signed in accordance with Subpart VI.G (signatory requirements) of
this permit:
I certify under penalty of law that either: (a) all storm water discharges associated with
construction activity from the portion of the identified facility where I was an operator have ceased or have
been eliminated or (b) I am no longer an operator at the construction s ite. I understand that by submitting
this notice of termination, I am no longer authorized to discharge storm water associated with construction
activity under this general permit, and that discharging pollutants in storm water associated with
construction activity to waters of the United States is unlawful under the Clean Water Act where the
discharge is not authorized by a NPDES permit. I also understand that the submittal of this notice of
termination does not release an operator from liability for any violations of this permit or the Clean Water
Act.
4. For the purposes of this certification, elimination of storm water discharges associated with
construction activity means that all disturbed soils at the portion of the construction site where the
operator had control have been finally stabilized and temporary erosion and sediment control
measures have been removed or will be removed at an appropriate time to insure final
stabilization is maintained, or that all storm water discharges associated with construction
activities from the identified site that are authorized by a NPDES general permit have otherwise
been eliminated from the portion of the construction site where the operator had control.
VIII.B. Addresses
All Notices of Termination are to be sent, using the form provided by the Director (or a photocopy
thereof), to the address of the appropriate Environmental Assistance Center.
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On this page...Part IX.
Part IX. Definitions
“Best Management Practices” (“BMPs”) means schedules of activities, prohibitions of practices,

maintenance procedures, and other management practices to prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to waters
of the United States. BMPs also include treatment requirements, operating procedures, and practices to control plant
site runoff, spillage or leaks, sludge or waste disposal, or drainage from raw material storage.
“Clearing,” in the definition of discharges associated with construction activity, does not refer to clearing
of vegetation along roadways, highways or power lines for sight distance or other maintenance and/or safety
concerns, or cold planing, milling, and/or removal of concrete and/or bituminous asphalt roadway pavement
surfaces. Clearing typically refers to removal of vegetation and disturbance of soil prior to grading or excavation in
anticipation of construction activities. Clearing may also refer to wide area land disturbance in anticipation of non-
construction activities; for instance, clearing forested land in order to convert forest land to pasture for wildlife
management purposes.
“Control measure”--As used in this permit, refers to any Best Management Practice or other method used
to prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to waters of the United States.
“Commencement of construction”--The initial disturbance of soils associated with clearing, grading, or
excavating activities or other construction activities.
“CWA” means the Clean Water Act or the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 33 U.S.C 1251 et seq.
“Director” means the Director of the Division of Water Pollution Control of the State of Tennessee.
“Discharge of storm water associated with construction activity”--As used in this permit, refers to storm
water point source discharges from areas where soil disturbing activities (e.g., clearing, grading, or excavation,
etc.), or construction materials or equipment storage or maintenance (e.g., earth fill piles, fueling, etc.) are located.
“Final stabilization” means that all soil disturbing activities at the site have been completed, and that a
perennial vegetative cover sufficient to prevent erosion has been well established on all unpaved areas, and/or
equivalent permanent stabilization measures have been employed.
“Grading” and “excavation” do not refer to cold planing, milling, and/or removal of concrete and/or
bituminous asphalt roadway pavement surfaces.
“High quality waters” are surface waters of the State of Tennessee that are identified by the Department as
high quality waters. Characteristics of high quality waters are listed at Rule 1200-4-3-.06 of the official
compilation - rules and regulations of the State of Tennessee. Characteristics include waters designated by the
Water Quality Control Board as Outstanding National Resource Waters (ONRW); waters that provide habitat for
ecologically significant populations of certain aquatic or semi-aquatic plants or animals; waters that provide
specialized recreational opportunities; waters that possess outstanding scenic or geologic values; or waters where
existing conditions are better than water quality standards. High quality waters are sometimes referred to as Tier II
or Tier III (ONRW) waters.
“Large and Medium municipal separate storm sewer system” means all municipal separate storm sewers
that are either:
(i) Located in an incorporated place (city) with a population of 100,000 or more as determined by the
latest Decennial Census by the Bureau of Census (these cities are listed in Appendices F and G of 40 CFR
122); or
(ii) Located in the counties with unincorporated urbanized populations of 100,000 or more, except
municipal separate storm sewers that are located in the incorporated places, townships or towns within
such counties (these counties are listed in Appendices H and I of 40 CFR 122); or
(iii) Owned or operated by a municipality other than those described in paragraph (i) or (ii) and that are
designated by the Director as part of the large or medium municipal separate storm sewer system.
“NOI” means notice of intent to be covered by this permit (see Part II of this permit.)
“NOT” means notice of termination (see Part VIII of this permit).
“Monthly” refers to calendar months.
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On this page... Part IX. continued
“Operator” for the purpose of this permit and in the context of storm water associated with construction
activity, means any party associated with a construction project that meets either of the
following two criteria:
i. The party has operational control over construction plans and specifications, including the ability
to make modifications to those plans and specifications; or
(This will typically be the owner or developer - one who has control over project specifications.)
ii. The party has day-to-day operational control of those activities at a project which are necessary to
ensure compliance with a storm water pollution prevention plan for the site or other permit
conditions
iii. (e.g., they are authorized to direct workers at a site to carry out activities required by the SWPPP
or comply with other permit conditions).
(This will typically include the general contractor and would also include erosion control contractors.)
“Point source” means any discernible, confined, and discrete conveyance, including but not limited to, any
pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling stock, concentrated animal feeding
operation, landfill leachate collection system, vessel or other floating craft from which pollutants are or may be
discharged. This term does not include return flows from irrigated agriculture or agricultural storm water runoff.
“Runoff coefficient” means the fraction of total rainfall that will appear at the conveyance as runoff.
“Storm water” means storm water runoff, snow melt runoff, and surface runoff and drainage.
“Storm water associated with industrial activity” is defined at 40 CFR 122.26(b)(14) and incorporated here
by reference. Most relevant to this permit is 40 CFR 122.26(b)(14)(x), which relates to construction activity
including clearing, grading and excavation activities.
“Storm water discharge-related activities” include: a. activities which cause, contribute to, or result in
point source storm water pollutant discharges, including but not limited to: excavation, site development, grading
and other surface disturbance activities; and b. measures to control storm water including the siting, construction
and operation of best management practices (BMPs) to control, reduce or prevent storm water pollution.
“Take” of an endangered species means to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture or
collect, or attempt to engage in any such conduct.
“Waters” or “waters of the state” is defined in the Tennessee Water Quality Control Act and means any
and all water, public or private, on or beneath the surface of the ground, which are contained within, flow through
or border upon Tennessee or any portion thereof except those bodies of water confined to and retained within the
limits of private property in single ownership which do not combine or effect a junction with natural surface or
underground waters.
(End of body of permit; appendices follow.)
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Department of Environment and Conservation
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY – STORM WATER DISCHARGES

NOTICE OF INTENT (NOI)
Name of the construction project (site) County/(ies) Existing NPDES Permit No.
(if site is already permitted)
TNR
Street address (or description of location) and nearest city Latitude
Longitude
! Map attached (required)
Construction project (site) description Start date
Estimated end date

Area to be disturbed (acres)
Construction site owner/developer: legal name and mailing address, including zip code Contact person, phone number and e-mail address
Name(s) of stream(s), wetland(s), lake(s) or other waters of the state receiving storm water runoff from the construction site
Do there appear to be streams ! and/or wetlands ! on the construction site? ! Yes ! No

If an Aquatic Resource Alteration Permit (ARAP) has been obtained for this site, provide the permit number.
Has the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) been developed? ! Yes ! No
Note that the NOI will be considered incomplete if you answered "No" to the above question. Submit the NOI when the SWPPP is developed.
Permit Application Certification and Signature (must be signed by President, Vice-President or equivalent, or ranking elected official)
I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to
assure that qualified personnel properly gathered and evaluated the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system,
or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and
complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations.
Representative of owner/developer; print or type Signature Date
Certification for Contractor(s) (must be signed by President, Vice President or equivalent, or ranking elected official)
I certify under penalty of law that I have reviewed this document, any attachments, and the SWPPP referenced above. Based on my inquiry of the construction site
owner/developer identified above, and/or my inquiry of the person directly responsible for assembling this Notice of Intent, I believe the information submitted is
accurate. I am aware that this NOI, if approved, makes the above-described construction activity subject to NPDES permit number TNR100000, and that certain of
my activities on-site are thereby regulated. I am aware that there are significant penalties, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing
violations, and for failure to comply with these permit requirements.
1. Company name of primary contractor; print or type Signature by representative of primary contractor Date
2. Company name of other contractor; print or type Signature by representative of other contractor Date
OFFICIAL STATE USE ONLY

Received Date EAC Permit Number Reviewer Notice of Coverage Date
TNR
303d Receiving Stream High Quality Water Threatened and Endangered Aquatic Fauna
CN-0940 (Rev. 10-00) Appendix A RDAs 2399 and 2400

(continued on reverse)
A - 29
NOTICE OF INTENT (NOI) - INSTRUCTIONS
Purpose of this form. A completed Notice of Intent (NOI) must be submitted to obtain coverage under the Tennessee General NPDES
Permit for discharges of storm water associated with construction activity. This permit is required for storm water discharge(s) from
construction sites that involve grubbing, clearing, grading or excavation of five or more acres of land. This form should be submitted at
least 30 days prior to the start date of any land disturbing activities such as grubbing, clearing, grading or excavation.
Notice of Coverage. The Division will process your application and return to you a Notice of Coverage (NOC). Runoff from the
construction site will not be permitted until the Division has prepared this NOC.
Completing the form. Type or print clearly, using ink and not markers or pencil. Answer each item or enter “NA,” for not applicable,
if a particular item does not fit the circumstances or characteristics of your construction site or activity. If you need additional space,
attach a separate piece of paper to the NOI form.
Who must submit the NOI form? The NOI form must be signed by the “operator(s)” of the construction site. Operators will most
likely include the developer of the site, and the primary contractor(s). “Operator” means any party associated with the construction
project that meets either of the following two criteria: (1) the party has operational control over project specifications (including the
ability to make modifications in specifications); or (2) the party has day-to-day operational control of those activities at a project site
which are necessary to ensure compliance with the storm water pollution prevention plan or other permit conditions (e.g., they are
authorized to direct workers at the site to carry out activities identified in the storm water pollution prevention plan or comply with
other permit conditions). If a contractor has not been identified at the time the NOI is submitted by the developer, the contractor(s)
must submit a separate NOI in order to obtain authorization under this permit. The contractor must include the NPDES permit number
that is already assigned to the site, along with the name of the construction project and its location.
Describe and locate the project. Use the legal or official name of the construction site. If a construction site lacks street name or route
number, give the most accurate geographic information available to describe the location (reference to adjacent highways, roads and
structures; e.g. intersection of state highways 70 and 100). Latitude and longitude of the center of the site can be located on USGS
quadrangle maps. The quadrangle maps can be obtained at 1-800-USA-MAPS, or at the Census Bureau Internet site:
http://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/gazetteer. Attach a copy of a portion of a 7.5 minute quad map, showing location of site, with
boundaries at least one mile outside the site boundaries. Provide estimated starting date of clearing activities and completion date of the
project, and an estimate of the number of acres of the site on which soil will be disturbed, including borrow areas, fill areas and
stockpiles.
Give name of the receiving stream. Trace the route of storm water runoff from the construction site and determine the name of the
river(s), stream(s), creek(s), wetland(s), lake(s) or any other water course(s) into which the storm water runoff drains. Note that the
receiving water course may or may not be located on the construction site. If the first water body receiving construction site runoff is
unnamed (“unnamed tributary”), determine the name of the water body which the unnamed tributary enters.
ARAP permit may be required. If your work will disturb or cause alterations of a stream or wetland, you must obtain an appropriate
Aquatic Resource Alteration Permit (ARAP). If you have a question about the ARAP program or permits, contact your local
Environmental Assistance Center.
You must prepare a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) prior to submitting the NOI.
Submitting the form and obtaining more information. Note that this form must be signed by the company President, Vice-President, or
a ranking elected official in the case of a municipality. For more information, contact your local Environmental Assistance Center at
the toll-free number 1-888-891-8332 (TDEC). Submit the completed NOI form to the appropriate EAC below (call the toll-free number
to determine), addressed with Attention: Storm Water NOI Processing.
Environmental Assistance Centers(EACs) - Division of Water Pollution Control - Addresses

EAC Office Street Address Zip Code EAC Office Street Address Zip Code
Memphis 2510 Mt. Moriah Road STE E-645 38115-1520 Cookeville 1221 South Willow Ave. 38506
Jackson 362 Carriage House Drive 38305-2222 Chattanooga 540 McCallie Avenue STE 550 37402-2013
Nashville 711 R. S. Gass Boulevard 37216 Knoxville 2700 Middlebrook Pike STE 220 37921
Columbia 2484 Park Plus Drive 38401 Johnson City 2305 Silverdale Road 37601
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NOTICE OF TERMINATION (NOT) – STORM WATER DISCHARGES

CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY
The purpose of this form is to notify the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation that you, as a permitted operator of storm
water discharges from a construction activity, no longer have responsibilities related to erosion and sediment controls at the construction site.
Type or print clearly, using ink and not markers or pencil.
NPDES Permit Number TNR __ __ __ __ __ __ (Include the NPDES permit number for the site.)
Name of the construction project (site)
Street address (or description of location)
Legal name of the construction site operator
Mailing address Telephone number and/or e-mail address

( )
Have the storm water discharges associated with construction activity been eliminated? ! Yes ! No
If YES, provide the date at which the construction site was finally stabilized.
Construction activities at the site continue, but my responsibilities with respect to the construction activities ! Yes ! No
have ceased.
If YES, provide the name, mailing address and telephone number of any new operators (for instance, an operator who has taken over your
responsibilities) involved with soil disturbance at the construction site.
Certification and Signature (must be signed by President, Vice President or equivalent, or ranking elected official)
I certify under penalty of law that either: (a) all storm water discharges associated with construction activity from the portion of the identified facility where I was
an operator have ceased or have been eliminated or (b) I am no longer an operator at the construction site. I understand that by submitting this notice of
termination, I am no longer authorized to discharge storm water associated with construction activity under this general permit, and that discharging pollutants in
storm water associated with construction activity to waters of the United States is unlawful under the Clean Water Act where the discharge is not authorized by a
NPDES permit. I also understand that the submittal of this notice of termination does not release an operator from liability for any violations of this permit or the
Clean Water Act.
For the purposes of this certification, elimination of storm water discharges associated with construction activity means that all disturbed soils at the portion of the
construction site where the operator had control have been finally stabilized and temporary erosion and sediment control measures have been removed or will be
removed at an appropriate time to insure final stabilization is maintained, or that all storm water discharges associated with construction activities from the
identified site that are authorized by a NPDES general permit have otherwise been eliminated from the portion of the construction site where the operator had
control.
Printed name (construction site operator) Signature Date
Permittees who are presently covered under the Tennessee General NPDES Permit to Discharge Storm Water Associated with Construction
Activity must submit a Notice of Termination (NOT) after completion of their construction activities and final stabilization of their portion of the
site, or within 30 days after another operator has taken over all of their responsibilities at the site. A permittee cannot submit a NOT without
final stabilization unless another party has agreed to assume responsibility for final stabilization of the site. A completed NOT form should be
submitted to the local Division of Water Pollution Control Office address (see table below), and marked “Storm Water Notice of Termination”.
Environmental Assistance Centers (EACs) - Division of Water Pollution Control - Addresses

EAC Offices may be reached by dialing toll-free 1-888-891-TDEC.
CN-1175 Appendix B RDAs 2399 and 2400

A - 31
A - 32
Construction Storm Water Inspection Report
(This form is required only for discharges into siltation-impaired streams and into high quality waters.)
Construction Site Information
NPDES Permit No. TNR Notice of Coverage (NOC) Date County
Name of Project
Developer and/or Contractor Name

Outfall No. _________________________ (or station no. or other identifier of drainage area represented)
Month/Year Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5
Yes or No/ Initials Yes or No / Initials Yes or No / Initials Yes or No / Initials Yes or No / Initials
January, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
Inspections Performed Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No /
E&S Controls in Order Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No /
February, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
March, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
April, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
May, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
June, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
July, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
August, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
September, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
October, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
CN-1173 Appendix D RDAs 2399 and 2400
A – 33
November, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
E&S Controls in Order Yes or No/ Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No /
December, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
Inspections Performed Yes or No/ Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No /
Provide the following information for the person(s) who have performed and initialed the above inspections. If more than two persons have performed these
inspections, give information for the two persons who performed the most numbers of inspections.
Initials _________ Name ____________________________ Phone No. (_____)____________________
I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed
to assure that qualified personnel properly gathered and evaluated information presented. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the
system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, I certify that inspections of storm water discharge points (outfalls) and of erosion
and sediment controls have been performed as recorded in the table above. I certify that erosion and sediment controls in the drainage area of the identified
outfall were installed as planned and designed and in working order as recorded in the table above. I am aware there are significant penalties for submitting
false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations.
Name _______________________ Title ________________________ Signature ________________________________
Company _________________________________________________ Date ____________________________________
Information and Instructions

1. The purpose of this form is to report inspections of storm water discharge points and the condition of erosion and sediment
controls (E&S Controls) at the construction site. You are required to complete this form only if discharges from the
construction site enter waters listed on the Tennessee 303(d) list for siltation or have been identified as impaired since the last
303(d) list, or enter high quality waters. You can determine whether you are discharging to a listed stream by looking at the
Notice of Coverage (NOC) returned to you after you applied for the construction runoff permit. You may also call your local
Environmental Assistance Center at the toll-free number of 1-888-891-TDEC.
2. You are required to inspect outfall points (where discharges from the site enter streams or wet weather conveyances) to ascertain
whether your erosion control measures are effective in preventing soil from leaving the construction site and entering nearby
streams. You are also required to inspect the erosion and sediment control measures being used at the site, whether these
controls have been installed according to the storm water pollution prevention plan and whether these controls are in working
order. These inspections are required at least once per week.
3. For each month, spaces are given for every week of the month. To record the inspections and observations for a given week,
write the date on which the inspections were performed in the box labeled “Date:.” In the two boxes immediately below the
Date: box, circle Yes or No to indicate if the inspections of outfall points and of the erosion and sediment control measures were
performed, and circle Yes or No to indicate if erosion and sediment controls were in place and in working order. Sign your
initials beside the yes or no answers that you give.
4. The inspection results shall be submitted (postmarked) by the 15th day of the month following the end of the quarter, to the
Environmental Assistance Center responsible for the area of the State where the construction project is located. Quarters are
January – March, April – June, July – September, and October - December. Continue to use the same form, submitting it with
original signatures each quarter, until the end of the year or until the Notice of Termination is filed.

A – 34
State of Tennessee 1998 303(d) List
You may find the 1998 303(d) list at the following web sites:
http://www.state.tn.us/environment/water.htm (find a downloadable text file);
and
http://www.epa.gov/owow/tmdl/states/tn.html (shows maps of impaired

waters).
This appendix contains, by reference, those waters that are impaired in whole
or part because of siltation.
Appendix E
A - 35
Minimum Requirements for Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
Applicable to Storm Water Discharges from Construction Activities previously authorized under Tennessee Rule
Chapter 1200-4-10-.05, or under the Tennessee Multi-Sector Storm Water General Permit
(1) Construction Site Storm Water Control Plan
(a) The construction activity must be covered by a written, site-specific plan to minimize erosion of
soil and the discharge of other pollutants into waters of the State. The developer and contractor(s) must
sign the plan, stating that the plan is workable, meets requirements of this rule, and if implemented will
meet discharge quality requirements of this rule. The one who signs the plan must meet signatory
requirements of part VII.G. this permit. The plan must be kept on site and be made available to the
Division of Water Pollution Control inspector on request.
(b) The plan shall contain the following information:
1. A description of the nature of the construction activity, including a proposed timetable for
activities;
2. Estimates of the total area of the site and the area of the site that is expected to undergo
excavation or grading;
3. An estimate of the increase in impervious area after the construction is completed, and an
estimate, along with supporting calculations, of the volume of runoff associated with a one-inch
storm;
4. A description of any fill material to be used;
5. A site map indicating, at a minimum, areas of soil disturbance, areas of cut and fill,
drainage patterns and approximate slopes anticipated after major grading activities, areas used for
the storage of soils or wastes, the locations of outfalls, and of all structural controls and areas
where vegetative practices are to be implemented, the locations of impervious structures
(including buildings, roads, parking lots, etc.) after construction is completed, and of wetlands and
other surface waters; and
6. The name of the receiving waters, or if the discharge is to a municipal separate storm
sewer, the name of the municipal operator of the storm sewer and the name of receiving waters
into which the storm sewer discharges.
(c) If the plan is reviewed by the Division, the Director or authorized representative may notify the
dischargers that the plan does not meet minimum requirements. The dischargers shall have 48 hours,
unless additional time is provided by the Director, after such notification to make changes to sediment and
erosion controls to prevent the discharge of sediment from the site and 15 days to make necessary changes
to the plan.
(d) The plan shall describe construction management techniques and sediment and erosion controls
appropriate for the activity and set forth a schedule for implementing each such controls. At a minimum,
the conditions in paragraph (6) of this rule must be addressed.
(e) The plan shall describe construction site planning and permanent measures that will minimize the
discharge of pollutants via storm water discharges after construction operations have been finished.
Examples include open, vegetated swales and natural depressions; structures for storm water retention,
detention, or recycle; velocity dissipation devices to be placed at the outfalls of detention or retention
structures or along the length of outfall channels.
(f) The discharger(s) shall implement the construction site storm water control plan.
Appendix F
A - 36
(2) The following conditions apply to all land disturbance work conducted under this rule.
Construction Management Techniques
(a) Clearing and grubbing must be held to the minimum necessary for grading and equipment
operation.
(b) Construction must be sequenced to minimize the exposure time of cleared surface area.
(c) Construction must be staged or phased for large projects. Areas of one phase must be stabilized
before another phase can be initiated. Stabilization shall be accomplished by temporarily or permanently
protecting the disturbed soil surface from rainfall impacts and runoff.
(d) Erosion and sediment control measures must be in place and functional before earth moving
operations begin, and must be constructed and maintained throughout the construction period. Temporary
measures may be removed at the beginning of the work day, but must be replaced at the end of the work
day.
(e) All control measures shall be checked, and repaired as necessary, weekly in dry periods and within
24 hours after any rainfall of 0.5 inches within a 24 hour period. During prolonged rainfall, daily checking
and repairing is necessary. The permittee shall maintain records of checks and repairs.
(f) A specific individual shall be designated to be responsible for erosion and sediment controls on
each project site.
Vegetative Controls
(g) Pre-construction vegetative ground cover shall not be destroyed, removed or disturbed more than
20 calendar days prior to grading or earth moving.
(h) To the extent feasible, appropriate cover shall be applied within seven days on areas that will
remain unfinished for more than 30 calendar days. Examples of cover are grass, sod, straw, mulch, fabric
mats, etc..
(i) Permanent soil stabilization with perennial vegetation shall be applied as soon as practicable after
final grading.
Structural Controls
(j) All surface water flowing toward the construction area shall be diverted by using berms, channels,
or sediment traps, as necessary.
(k) Erosion and sediment control measures shall be designed according to the size and slope of
disturbed or drainage areas, to detain runoff and trap sediment.
(l) Discharges from sediment basins and traps must be through a pipe or lined channel so that the
discharge does not cause erosion.
(m) Muddy water to be pumped from excavation and work areas must be held in settling basins or
treated by filtration prior to its discharge into surface waters. Water must be discharged through a pipe or
lined channel so that the discharge does not cause erosion and sedimentation.
A - 37
Discharge Quality
(n) There shall be no distinctly visible floating scum, oil or other matter contained in the storm water
discharge.
(o) The storm water discharge must not cause an objectionable color contrast in the receiving stream.
(p) The storm water discharge must result in no materials in concentrations sufficient to be hazardous
or otherwise detrimental to humans, livestock, wildlife, plant life, or fish and aquatic life in the receiving
stream.
(3) Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
(a) The permittee shall maintain records of checks and repairs on site or at a nearby office.
(b) Records and information resulting from the monitoring activities required by this rule shall be
retained for a minimum of three (3) years, or longer if requested by the Division of Water Pollution
Control.
(c) Knowingly making any false statement on any report required by this rule may result in the
imposition of criminal penalties as provided for in Section 309 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
and in Section 69-3-115 of the Tennessee Water Quality Control Act.
(end)
A - 38
APPENDIX B.
EXAMPLE STORM WATER POLLUTION
PREVENTION PLAN
STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN
Prepared for:
Anytown Good Neighbor Development Corporation
PICKLE CREE
CREEK
EEK PLAZA
PHASE 1
Any County, Tennessee
Prepared by:
ABC, Inc.
April 2001
B-1
Table of Contents
General Information 3
Existing Site Conditions 5
Project Description 5
303(d) Special Requirements 6
Runoff Calculations 6
Safe Dams Act Information 7
Spills and Non-Storm Water Contingencies 7
Phasing of Construction 7
Sequencing of Phase 1 8
Notice of Intent Appendix A
Notice of Termination Appendix B
Inspection Report Appendix C
Stabilization Plan Appendix D
Runoff Worksheets Appendix E
Site Location Map MP-1
Drainage/Soil Map MP-2
Structural Control Plan MP-3
Final Structures Plan MP-4
B–2
General Information
This Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) is developed in accordance

with the Tennessee General NPDES Permit (TNR100000) for Storm Water Discharges
Associated with Construction Activity (TNCGP), and is prepared using sound
engineering practices. ABC, Inc. personnel involved with the development of this plan
have completed the Design of Vegetative and Structural Measures for Erosion
Prevention and Sediment Control course available from the State of Tennessee.
As instructed by Part III.F of the TNCGP, this plan and all attachments are hereby
submitted to the local Environmental Assistance Center (EAC), along with the complete,
correctly signed Notice of Intent (NOI). Construction will not be initiated prior to 30
days from the date of submittal of this document, or prior to receipt of a Notice of
Coverage (NOC) from the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation
(TDEC).
Owner/Developer: Anytown Good Neighbor Development Corporation

459 Some Road, Suite 306
Anytown, TN 37XXX-XXXX
(XXX) XXX-XXXX
contact person: Joe Anybody – Executive Director
email: [email protected]
I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a
system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gathered and evaluated the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the
person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted
is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false
information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations.
Representative of owner/developer and title; print or type Signature (must be signed by president, V.P. or equivalent, Date
or ranking elected official)
Joe Anybody, Executive Director 4/25/01
Primary Contractor: Move Dirt Excavating, Inc.

345 Some Avenue
(XXX) XXX-XXXX
contact person: Larry Goodguy – Owner
email: [email protected]
I certify under penalty of law that I have reviewed this document and any attachments. Based on my inquiry of the construction site
owner/developer identified above, and/or my inquiry of the person directly responsible for assembling this Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan, I believe the information submitted is accurate. I am aware that this Plan, if approved, makes the above-described
construction activity subject to NPDES permit number TNR100000, and that certain of my activities on-site are thereby regulated. I am
aware that there are significant penalties, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations, and for failure to
comply with these permit requirements.
Company name of primary contractor; print or type Signature (must be signed by president, V.P. or equivalent) Date
Move Dirt Excavating, Inc. 4/25/01
B–3
The individual responsible for installation, maintenance, and inspections of
erosion and sediment control measures will be Joe Smith of Move Dirt Excavating, Inc.
Mr. Smith has completed the Fundamentals of Erosion Prevention and Sediment Control
course offered by the State of Tennessee. Mr. Smith’s mobile telephone number is (123)
456-7890.
Current versions of this SWPPP, the NOI, and the NOC will be kept on the site
for the duration of the project. These items will be available for the use of all operators
and site personnel involved with erosion and sediment controls, and be available to
TDEC personnel visiting the site. A notice will be posted near the construction entrance
during Phase 1, and then near both entrances during Phases 2 and 3, containing a copy of
the NOC with the tracking number assigned by the EAC, the name and telephone number
of a contact person for the development, and a brief description of the project.
Prior to initiating earthwork on the areas described as Phase 2 or 3, ABC, Inc.
will provide additional information to TDEC in support of this document. Phase-specific
plan drawings will be created at that time.
Any new contractor on the project that has any responsibility to install, inspect, or
maintain erosion or sediment control measures will sign the contractor’s certification on a
copy of the NOI (Appendix A) and will submit it to the local EAC. Any correspondence
with TDEC or any EAC will reference the tracking number assigned by TDEC to the
project. ABC, Inc. will submit a Notice of Termination (NOT; Appendix B) after the
complete installation and successful establishment of the final stabilization activities at
the site.
It is the intention and goal of the TNCGP and this SWPPP that any discharge
from the property described in this document have no objectionable color contrast to the
water body that receives it. The construction activity will be carried out in such a manner
as will prevent any discharge that would cause a condition in which visible solids, bottom
deposits, or turbidity impairs the usefulness of the waters on the property or downstream
of the property for fish and aquatic life, livestock watering and wildlife, recreation,
irrigation, navigation, or industrial or domestic water supply.
This plan may be amended for reasons described below, or for other reasons.
When the plans are revised, the contractor will implement the changes to erosion
protection and sediment controls within 48 hours after the need for modification is
identified.
B–4
Existing Site Conditions
The property consists of 70 acres of rolling woodland in northeast Any County.

The property lies between Nashville Hwy (US 44) and Tennessee Avenue (US 19) and
has additional access from Center Street. County soil surveys indicate that the soils
present within the construction area of Phase 1 are in the Craven, Uchee, and Emporia
series. These series consist of deep, well-drained soils exhibiting moderate erosivity.
Typically, the surface layer of this series is dark grayish brown fine sandy loam about 4
inches deep. The subsurface layer is pale brown loam about 5 inches thick. The subsoil
is reddish gray and typically extends to a depth of 42 to 67 inches. Detailed soil
boundary information can be found on the Drainage/Soil Map (MP-2). Shales with high
carbonate content of the Johns Creek formation underlie the area. No acid-producing
material should be encountered during the construction. No sinkholes or other injection
wells were observed during investigation of the site.
Three wet-weather conveyances are located on Phase 1 of the property and flow
eastward into Pickle Creek. At the confluence of two of the conveyances and Pickle
Creek there is a wetland of approximately 0.65 acre in size. The wetland is
hydrologically connected to the stream. This information was confirmed by a site visit
conducted by Mr. Joe Schmoe of the Tennessee Division of Water Pollution Control on
1/1/2001, and outlined in a letter by Mr. Schmoe dated 1/11/2001. Approximately 12
acres of the property lie to the west of the stream. Around 30 acres lie north of another
tributary on the east side of Pickle Creek. The remaining 28 acres lie south and east of
the streams. The Pickle Creek Plaza project covers 60 of the 70 acres. The 10 acres of
the property not involved in the project will be developed at a later date into a city park
and will protect the streams and wetland with buffers and provide the public with walking
paths and recreational and educational opportunities.
Project Description
The project will provide building space for future business tenants. Retail shops
and professional offices will be available within the development. XX00 linear feet of
new roadway (Pickle Street and Pepper Boulevard) will provide access to the site from
US 19 and US 44 and from Center Street. The new roads will be constructed with the
intention of becoming City of Anytown public roads, and will be built to meet those
requirements. XXXXXX square feet of office space will occur in eight individual two-
story wood-framed buildings constructed during Phase 1. XXXXXX square feet of retail
space will be available in three single-story structures built in Phases 2 and 3. XXXX
parking spaces will be provided per City of Anytown requirements. The parking areas
will constitute XXXXXX square feet of total area. Special Pave paving system will be
used in some areas of Phase 2 and 3 to reduce impervious surface and provide infiltration
of precipitation back into the ground. Detention basins will be constructed to serve as
temporary sediment retention basins until the site is fully stabilized. The basins will then
be modified to serve as storm water detention ponds to satisfy City of Anytown
requirements. Utilities will be constructed within the right-of-way of, and at the same
time as, the construction of the access roads through the site.
Road crossings of each of the two streams will be constructed during Phase 2 of
the project. The construction of Phase 1 of Pickle Street is designed so that it can be
extended across Pickle Creek with a clear span bridge during Phase 2. ABC, Inc. will
B–5
prepare an application for an Aquatic Resource Alteration Permit (ARAP) for the
road crossing prior to the initiation of Phase 2. Due to the availability of utilities
from Center Street and from US 19, there should be no need to cross the stream with
any utility lines. If it is determined later to be necessary to cross the stream with
utility lines, notification will be made to the local EAC by ABC, Inc.
Additional fill material from off of the property or off-site disposal of excess
material is not anticipated in the grading plan of Phase 1. Should a need be
determined later, it is the responsibility of the contractor to contact ABC, Inc. to
revise this SWPPP to include those areas. If the new area is used solely by the
project outlined in this plan, the new area is considered to be a part of this project,
and the erosion prevention and sediment control at that location will also be the
responsibility of the contractor.
303(d) Special Requirements
Discharges from the project enter Pickle Creek, which is 303(d) listed as being
impaired by sediment. According to Part III.F. of the TNCGP, this plan and all
attachments is being submitted to the local EAC, along with the completed NOI. In
addition, inspections will be performed by qualified personnel before anticipated storm
events (or series of storm events such as intermittent showers over one or more days),
within 24 hours after the end of a storm event of 0.5 inches or greater, and at least once
per week. Inspections will cover, at a minimum, all disturbed areas that have not
undergone final stabilization, sediment control structures, outfall points, and the stream.
The inspections will be conducted with the purpose of determining whether erosion
prevention and sediment control measures are effective in preventing impacts to
receiving waters. If during these inspections it is discovered that repair or maintenance is
required of any temporary or permanent control measure, the action taken to correct the
problem will be documented.
If the controls are installed and maintained correctly but are found to provide an
inadequate level of protection, ABC, Inc. will make revisions to this plan and these
revisions will be implemented by the contractor. The inspector will certify on a weekly
basis (on the form found in Appendix C) that the inspection described above has been
performed and whether or not all of the erosion and sediment control measures are
installed and in working order. The record of certifications on the form will be submitted
to the local EAC by the 15th of the month following the end of the quarter. Quarters are
January – March, April – June, July – September, and October – December. The
inspector will maintain a rain gage and a daily log of readings.
Runoff Calculations
Natural Resource Conservation Service TR-55 method was used to estimate pre-
and post-development runoff. The calculations indicate that there will be a net increase
in runoff coefficient and in peak discharge as a result of the project. Therefore, the
sediment basins will be converted to use as storm water detention basins for post-
construction control. Post-development runoff curve number will be 83 and the peak
discharge will be 17.6 cfs during the design storm. Worksheets for the TR-55
calculations are found in Appendix E.
B-6
Safe Dams Act Information
The sediment basins in use on Phase 1 of this project do not meet the definition of
‘dams’ as found in Chapter 1200-5-7 of the Rules of the Department of Environment and
Conservation, Division of Water Supply, concerning the Safe Dams Act of 1973.
Therefore, no certificate is required for the construction of the basins.
Spills and Non-Storm Water Contingencies
All fueling of equipment and vehicles on site will be conducted near the
construction entrance/staging area off of Center Street. Any spillage will be
removed immediately. Contaminated soils will be placed on heavy plastic and
covered or placed into approved containers to prevent contact with storm water. All
fuel tanks will be in the containment area. Oils, other vehicle fluids, paints, and
solvents will be stored in the construction trailer. Any spill in excess of two gallons
will be reported to a representative of Move Dirt Excavating, Inc.
If a release containing a hazardous substance in an amount equal to or in
excess of a reporting quantity established under either 40 CFR 117 or 40 CFR
302 occurs during a 24-hour period, the contractor will immediately notify the
permittee who shall then do the following: notify the National Response Center
(NRC) (800-424-8802) and the Tennessee Emergency Management Agency
(TEMA) (emergencies: 800-262-3300; non-emergencies: 800-262-3400); as well
as the local Environmental Assistance Center. Also, ABC, Inc. will prepare a
revision of this document to identify measures to prevent the reoccurrence of such
releases.
Concrete trucks will wash out at the designated area near the construction
entrance. Each contractor is responsible to provide litter control for trash generated by
his crew. A dumpster for garbage will be located near the construction trailer and is
limited to garbage and paper trash only. Paint cans, oil cans, used oil, and filters will
be contained and disposed of by the contractor by taking them to the Any County
Hazardous Waste Disposal Center on Division Road.
Phasing of Construction
Clearing, grading, and construction on the 60 acres will be accomplished in three

phases. Phase 1 consists of 10 acres of disturbance, and includes the construction of the
west office buildings, supporting utilities, and parking, along with the installation of
Pickle Street to a point just west of Pickle Creek. This SWPPP has been developed and
submitted for Phase 1 construction. Phase 2 constitutes the construction of the retail and
office complex on the northeastern portion of the property, including all parking areas,
utility installation, and road crossings over Pickle Creek and its tributary; and
encompasses 28 acres of disturbance. Phase 3 will be the construction of the building
complex and associated improvements located on the southeastern part of the project.
Phase 3 covers the remaining 22 acres of disturbed area of the project. Phase 1 will be
completed and stabilized to the extent possible before the initiation of Phase 2. Phase 2
will be completed, including landscaping, and any remaining bare soils stabilized prior to
the initiation of Phase 3.
B-7
Sequencing of Phase 1
1. The site plan incorporates a streamside buffer zone to help protect the quality
of the riparian area and prevent pollution to the streams. High-visibility safety
fencing will be installed as indicated on the Structural Control Plan (MP-3) to
indicate the boundary of the buffer zone. Care will be utilized to prevent the
operation of equipment within, or otherwise disturbing the buffer zone. The
same safety fencing will be used to identify trees to be protected on other parts
of the property as well. ABC, Inc. will survey the limits of clearing and mark
this boundary with flagging tape.
2. Since the area of Phase 1 drains away from the street, temporary sediment
barriers will be installed down slope of this disturbance and moved further
down slope as the ground-disturbing activity is extended toward the creek.
All erosion prevention and sediment control best management practices
identified in this SWPPP will be installed as recommended in the Tennessee
Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook.
3. Land-disturbing activity at the project site will begin with the installation of
the construction entrance/exit and the staging/equipment storage area off of
Center Street. Due to the high traffic use of Center Street, a truck wash will
be installed for the use of any vehicles leaving the site. The truck wash will
recycle the wash water and will be self-contained so that no water can escape
to the street or toward the stream.
4. After the exit has been constructed, work will commence to salvage any
valuable timber from the property. The logger is a graduate of the Tennessee
Division of Forestry’s Master Logger Program and will not cut any trees
within the streamside buffer zone.
5. Construction of sediment basins #1 and #2, including slope drains and outfall
structures, will be completed and they will be functional prior to any further
grade work. The basins incorporate a two stage design to slow down the
storm water and drop out larger soil particles. These areas will also allow
easy clean out of any built up sediment deposits. Diversion ditches and berms
will be constructed as needed to divert any runoff from the active construction
areas into the basins.
6. Diversion ditches will be constructed at the north and south margins of the
property to divert any storm waters coming from off the site around the future
construction area. Topsoil stripped for the footprint of the basins and storage
areas will be used to construct the berms.
7. Seeding and mulching or other stabilization measure as identified per the
Stabilization Plan (Appendix D) will occur after final grade is achieved at the
basins and diversions, and before any further disturbance of the site. Slope
drains will be used to convey storm water from the construction areas down
slope to the sediment basins.
8. Topsoil in the area of the new road and parking areas will be removed next
and stockpiled and immediately seeded per the Stabilization Plan (Appendix
D). Construction of the roadbed, parking, primary utilities, sidewalks,
shoulders, and permanent storm sewer system will be initiated at this time.
The catch basins for the storm sewers will be sealed off from storm water until
gravel subgrade or pavement is applied to the road and parking. Clearing and
B-8
grubbing will be kept to the minimum necessary to accomplish the grade work
of this phase.
9. Work on the road and parking lots will progress until the point some durable
surface is applied to these areas and the utilities and shoulders are at final
grade and stabilized before disturbance of the building sites is initiated.
10. Storm drain inlet protection will be installed when the permanent system is in
place and functioning.
11. Cut and fill activities to prepare the portion of the property for construction of
the office buildings will progress at this point. Clearing and grubbing will be
kept to the minimum necessary to accomplish the grade work of this phase.
12. It is anticipated that all fill material necessary to achieve proposed grades in
the area of Phase 1 can be acquired within the area of Phase 1.
13. Sediment will be removed from sediment traps, silt fences, sedimentation
ponds, and other sediment controls before the design capacity of the structure
has been reduced by 50%. Litter, construction debris, and construction
chemicals exposed to storm water will be picked up prior to anticipated storm
events (e.g. forecasted by local weather reports), or otherwise prevented from
becoming a pollutant source for storm water discharges (e.g., screening
outfalls, daily pick-up, etc.). After use, silt fences will be removed or
otherwise prevented from becoming a pollutant source for storm water
discharges. Temporary measures may be removed at the beginning of the
workday, but will be replaced at the end of the workday.
14. Stabilization will be accomplished as soon as practicable after attainment of
final grade and no later than seven days after attaining final grade. Where
earth-disturbing activity has temporarily ceased, temporary stabilization will
be applied within seven days if the activity will not resume within 15 days.
The dates when major grading activities occur, the dates when construction
activities temporarily or permanently cease on a portion of the site, and the
dates when stabilization measures are initiated will be recorded and
maintained on the site. Stabilization methods are outlined in the Stabilization
Plan (Appendix D) and may include seed and mulch, or seed and erosion
control blankets as identified on the Final Structures Plan (MP-4).
15. Phase 1 will be completed and stabilized to the extent possible before the
initiation of Phase 2. At this point, all disturbed area will drain to the
sediment basins only. Any unstable areas near the streams that will not drain
to the basins will be stabilized before proceeding any further.
B-9
Appendix A
Notice of Intent
B - 10

NOTICE OF INTENT (NOI)
Name of the construction project (site) County/(ies) Existing NPDES Permit No.
(if site is already permitted)
Pickle Creek Plaza – Phase 1 Any County TNR

Street address (or description of location) and nearest city Latitude 37.3375
Located between Nashville Hwy (US 44) and Tennessee Avenue (US 19) near Center
Street in Anytown. Longitude -83.34583
⌧ Map attached (required)
Construction project (site) description Start date June 1, 2001
The construction of retail shops and professional offices along with all supporting
parking roadways, utilities, and storm water systems. Estimated end date August 31, 2003
Area to be disturbed (acres): Phase 1 = 10, Phase 2 = 28, Phase 3 = 22, Total = 60
Construction site owner/developer: legal name and mailing address, including zip code Contact person, phone number and e-mail address
Anytown Good Neighbor Development Corporation Joe Anybody

(123) 456-0987
459 Some Road, Suite 306
[email protected]
Name(s) of stream(s), wetland(s), lake(s) or other waters of the state receiving storm water runoff from the construction site
Pickle Creek and tributaries
Do there appear to be streams ⌧ and/or wetlands ⌧ on the construction site? ⌧Yes " No
If an Aquatic Resource Alteration Permit (ARAP) has been obtained for this site, provide the permit number. In application
Has the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) been developed? ⌧Yes " No
Note that the NOI will be considered incomplete if you answered "No" to the above question. Submit the NOI when the SWPPP is developed.
Permit Application Certification and Signature (must be signed by President, Vice-President or equivalent, or ranking elected official)
I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to
assure that qualified personnel properly gathered and evaluated the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system,
or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and
complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations.
Representative of owner/developer; print or type Signature Date
Joe Anybody – Executive Director 4/25/01
Certification for Contractor(s) (must be signed by President, Vice President or equivalent, or ranking elected official)
I certify under penalty of law that I have reviewed this document, any attachments, and the SWPPP referenced above. Based on my inquiry of the construction site
owner/developer identified above, and/or my inquiry of the person directly responsible for assembling this Notice of Intent, I believe the information submitted is
accurate. I am aware that this NOI, if approved, makes the above-described construction activity subject to NPDES permit number TNR100000, and that certain of
my activities on-site are thereby regulated. I am aware that there are significant penalties, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing
violations, and for failure to comply with these permit requirements.
1. Company name of primary contractor; print or type Signature by representative of primary contractor Date
Move Dirt Excavating, Inc. 4/25/01
OFFICIAL STATE USE ONLY

Received Date EAC Permit Number Reviewer Notice of Coverage Date
TNR
303d Receiving Stream High Quality Water Threatened and Endangered Aquatic Fauna
CN-0940 (rev. 9-00) RDAs 2399 and 2400
B - 11
NOTICE OF INTENT (NOI) - INSTRUCTIONS
Purpose of this form. A completed Notice of Intent (NOI) must be submitted to obtain coverage under the Tennessee General NPDES
Permit for discharges of storm water associated with construction activity. This permit is required for storm water discharge(s) from
construction sites that involve grubbing, clearing, grading or excavation of five or more acres of land. This form should be submitted at
least 30 days prior to the start date of any land disturbing activities such as grubbing, clearing, grading or excavation.
Notice of Coverage. The Division will process your application and return to you a Notice of Coverage (NOC). Runoff from the
construction site will not be permitted until the Division has prepared this NOC.
Completing the form. Type or print clearly, using ink and not markers or pencil. Answer each item or enter “NA,” for not applicable,
if a particular item does not fit the circumstances or characteristics of your construction site or activity. If you need additional space,
attach a separate piece of paper to the NOI form.
Who must submit the NOI form? The NOI form must be signed by the “operator(s)” of the construction site. Operators will most
likely include the developer of the site, and the primary contractor(s). “Operator” means any party associated with the construction
project that meets either of the following two criteria: (1) the party has operational control over project specifications (including the
ability to make modifications in specifications); or (2) the party has day-to-day operational control of those activities at a project site
which are necessary to ensure compliance with the storm water pollution prevention plan or other permit conditions (e.g., they are
authorized to direct workers at the site to carry out activities identified in the storm water pollution prevention plan or comply with
other permit conditions). If a contractor has not been identified at the time the NOI is submitted by the developer, the contractor(s)
must submit a separate NOI in order to obtain authorization under this permit. The contractor must include the NPDES permit number
that is already assigned to the site, along with the name of the construction project and its location.
Describe and locate the project. Use the legal or official name of the construction site. If a construction site lacks street name or route
number, give the most accurate geographic information available to describe the location (reference to adjacent highways, roads and
structures; e.g. intersection of state highways 70 and 100). Latitude and longitude of the center of the site can be located on USGS
quadrangle maps. The quadrangle maps can be obtained at 1-800-USA-MAPS, or at the Census Bureau Internet site:
http://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/gazetteer. Attach a copy of a portion of a 7.5 minute quad map, showing location of site, with
boundaries at least one mile outside the site boundaries. Provide estimated starting date of clearing activities and completion date of the
project, and an estimate of the number of acres of the site on which soil will be disturbed, including borrow areas, fill areas and
stockpiles.
Give name of the receiving stream. Trace the route of storm water runoff from the construction site and determine the name of the
river(s), stream(s), creek(s), wetland(s), lake(s) or any other water course(s) into which the storm water runoff drains. Note that the
receiving water course may or may not be located on the construction site. If the first water body receiving construction site runoff is
unnamed (“unnamed tributary”), determine the name of the water body which the unnamed tributary enters.
ARAP permit may be required. If your work will disturb or cause alterations of a stream or wetland, you must obtain an appropriate
Aquatic Resource Alteration Permit (ARAP). If you have a question about the ARAP program or permits, contact your local
Environmental Assistance Center.
You must prepare a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) prior to submitting the NOI.
Submitting the form and obtaining more information. Note that this form must be signed by the company President, Vice-President, or
a ranking elected official in the case of a municipality. For more information, contact your local Environmental Assistance Center at
the toll-free number 1-888-891-8332 (TDEC). Submit the completed NOI form to the appropriate EAC below (call the toll-free number
to determine), addressed with Attention: Storm Water NOI Processing.
Environmental Assistance Centers(EACs) - Division of Water Pollution Control - Addresses

Nashville 711 R S Gass Boulevard 37206 Knoxville 2700 Middlebrook Pike STE 220 37921
B - 12
Appendix B
Notice of Termination
To be completed and submitted to the local EAC when all construction and stabilization activities have been completed and
stabilization measures are effective, or if an operator’s responsibilities at this site have ended.
B - 13
NOTICE OF TERMINATION (NOT) – STORM WATER DISCHARGES

CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY
The purpose of this form is to notify the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation that you, as a permitted operator of storm
water discharges from a construction activity, no longer have responsibilities related to erosion and sediment controls at the construction site.
Type or print clearly, using ink and not markers or pencil.
NPDES Permit Number TNR __ __ __ __ __ __ (Include the NPDES permit number for the site.)
Name of the construction project (site)

Pickle Creek Plaza – Phase 1
Street address (or description of location)
Located between Nashville Hwy (US 44) and Tennessee Avenue (US 19) near Center Street in Anytown.
Legal name of the construction site operator
Anytown Good Neighbor Development Corporation

Mailing address Telephone number and/or e-mail address
459 Some Road, Suite 306 ( 123 ) 456-0987
[email protected]
Have the storm water discharges associated with construction activity been eliminated? " Yes " No
If YES, provide the date at which the construction site was finally stabilized.
Construction activities at the site continue, but my responsibilities with respect to the construction activities " Yes " No
have ceased.
If YES, provide the name, mailing address and telephone number of any new operators (for instance, an operator who has taken over your
responsibilities) involved with soil disturbance at the construction site.
Certification and Signature (must be signed by President, Vice President or equivalent, or ranking elected official)
I certify under penalty of law that either: (a) all storm water discharges associated with construction activity from the portion of the identified facility where I was
an operator have ceased or have been eliminated or (b) I am no longer an operator at the construction site. I understand that by submitting this notice of
termination, I am no longer authorized to discharge storm water associated with construction activity under this general permit, and that discharging pollutants in
storm water associated with construction activity to waters of the United States is unlawful under the Clean Water Act where the discharge is not authorized by a
NPDES permit. I also understand that the submittal of this notice of termination does not release an operator from liability for any violations of this permit or the
Clean Water Act.
For the purposes of this certification, elimination of storm water discharges associated with construction activity means that all disturbed soils at the portion of the
construction site where the operator had control have been finally stabilized and temporary erosion and sediment control measures have been removed or will be
removed at an appropriate time to insure final stabilization is maintained, or that all storm water discharges associated with construction activities from the
identified site that are authorized by a NPDES general permit have otherwise been eliminated from the portion of the construction site where the operator had
control.
Printed name (construction site operator) Signature Date
Permittees who are presently covered under the Tennessee General NPDES Permit to Discharge Storm Water Associated with Construction
Activity must submit a Notice of Termination after completion of their construction activities and final stabilization of their portion of the site, or
within 30 days after another operator has taken over all of their responsibilities at the site. A permittee cannot submit a NOT without final
stabilization unless another party has agreed to assume responsibility for final stabilization of the site. A completed NOT form should be
submitted to the local Division of Water Pollution Control Office address (see table below), and marked “Storm Water Notice of Termination.”

EAC Offices may be reached by dialing toll-free 1-888-891-TDEC.
Nashville 537 Brick Church Park Drive 37243-1550 Knoxville 2700 Middlebrook Pike STE 220 37921
CN-1175 B - 14 RDA 2399 and 2400

Appendix C
Inspection Report
To be submitted to the local EAC every quarter.
B - 15
Construction Storm Water Inspection Report
(This form is required only for discharges into siltation-impaired streams and into high quality waters.)
Construction Site Information
NPDES Permit No. TNR Notice of Coverage (NOC) Date County
Name of Project PICKLE CREEK PLAZA – PHASE 1
Developer and/or Contractor Name ANYTOWN GOOD NEIGHBOR DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
Outfall No. _________________________ (or station no. or other identifier of drainage area represented)
Month/Year Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5
Yes or No/ Initials Yes or No / Initials Yes or No / Initials Yes or No / Initials Yes or No / Initials
January, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
February, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
March, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
April, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
May, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
June, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
July, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
August, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
September, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
October, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
CN-1173 RDAs 2399 and 2400
B – 16
November, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
December, _______ Date: Date: Date: Date: Date:
Inspections Performed Yes or No/ Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No /
Provide the following information for the person(s) who have performed and initialed the above inspections. If more than two persons have performed these
inspections, give information for the two persons who performed the most numbers of inspections.
I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed
to assure that qualified personnel properly gathered and evaluated information presented. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the
system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, I certify that inspections of storm water discharge points (outfalls) and of erosion
and sediment controls have been performed as recorded in the table above. I certify that erosion and sediment controls in the drainage area of the identified
outfall were installed as planned and designed and in working order as recorded in the table above. I am aware there are significant penalties for submitting
false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations.
Name _______________________ Title ________________________ Signature ________________________________
Company _________________________________________________ Date ____________________________________
Information and Instructions

1. The purpose of this form is to report inspections of storm water discharge points and the condition of erosion and sediment
controls (E&S Controls) at the construction site. You are required to complete this form only if discharges from the
construction site enter waters listed on the Tennessee 303(d) list for siltation or have been identified as impaired since the last
303(d) list, or enter high quality waters. You can determine whether you are discharging to a listed stream by looking at the
Notice of Coverage (NOC) returned to you after you applied for the construction runoff permit. You may also call your local
Environmental Assistance Center at the toll-free number of 1-888-891-TDEC.
2. You are required to inspect outfall points (where discharges from the site enter streams or wet weather conveyances) to ascertain
whether your erosion control measures are effective in preventing soil from leaving the construction site and entering nearby
streams. You are also required to inspect the erosion and sediment control measures being used at the site, whether these
controls have been installed according to the storm water pollution prevention plan and whether these controls are in working
order. These inspections are required at least once per week.
3. For each month, space is given for each week of the month, with three boxes for each week. To record the inspections and
observations for a week, write the date on which the inspections were performed in the box labeled “Date:.” In the boxes below
it, circle Yes or No to indicate if the inspections, both of outfall points and of the erosion and sediment control measures, were
performed, and circle Yes or No to indicate if erosion and sediment controls were in place and in working order. Sign your
initials beside the yes or no answers that you give.
4. The inspection results shall be submitted (postmarked) by the 15th day of the month following the end of the quarter, to the
Environmental Assistance Center responsible for the area of the State where the construction project is located. Quarters are
January – March, April – June, July – September, and October - December. Continue to use the same form, submitting it with
original signatures each quarter, until the end of the year or until the Notice of Termination is filed.

Nashville 711 R S Gass Boulevard 37206 Knoxville 2700 Middlebrook Pike STE 220 37921
B - 17
Appendix D
Stabilization Plan
B - 18
PERMANENT SEEDING MIXTURES

February 1 to July 1 Korean Lespedeza 15%
English Rye 5%
English Rye 20%
June 1 to August 15
Korean Lespedeza 15%
German Millet 10%
Bermudagrass (hulled) 70%
April 15 to August 15
Annual Lespedeza 30%
August 1 to December 1 English Rye 20%
White Clover 10%
February 1 to December 1 Crown Vetch 25%
English Rye 5%
TEMPORARY SEEDING MIXTURES

Italian Rye 33%
January 1 to May 1 Korean Lespedeza 33%
Summer Oats 34%
May 1 to July 15 Sudan - Sorghum 100%
May 1 to July 15 Starr Millet 100%
Balboa Rye 67%
July 15 to January 1
Italian Rye 33%
B - 19
Appendix E
TR – 55 Worksheets
B - 20
Worksheet 2: Runoff curve number and runoff
Project By Date
PICKLE CREEK PLAZA - Phase I JCP 03/01
Location Checked Date
HWY 44 @ CENTER ST
Check one: ✔ Present Developed
1. Runoff curve number

1
Soil name Cover description CN Area Product
and of
hydrologic CN x area
group
Figure 2-4
Figure 2-3
✔ acres
Table 2-2
(cover type, treatment, and hydrologic condition; percent mi 2
(appendix A) impervious; unconnected/connected impervious area ratio) %
CRAVEN and EMPORIA (C) WOODED - GOOD 70 8.27 578.9
UCHEE (A) WOODED - GOOD 30 1.46 43.80
1
Use only one CN source per line
Totals 9.73 622.7
CN (weighted) = ____________ 622.7

total product = _______________ 63.99
= ________ ;
Use CN 64
total area 9.73
2. Runoff
Storm #1 Storm #2 Storm #3
Frequency ................................................. yr 2 25
Rainfall, P (24-hour) .................................. in 3.36 6.5

Runoff, Q .................................................. in 0.65 2.62
(Use P and CN with table 2-1, figure 2-1, or
equations 2-3 and 2-4)
D–2 (210-VI-TR-55, Second Ed., June 1986)

Worksheet 3: Time of Concentration (Tc) or travel time (Tt)
Project By Date
HWY 44 @ CENTER ST
✔
Check one: Present Developed
Check one: Tc Tt through subarea

Notes: Space for as many as two segments per flow type can be used for each worksheet.
Include a map, schematic, or description of flow segments.
Sheet flow (Applicable to Tc only)
Segment ID AB
1. Surface description (table 3-1) ................................... DENSE WOODS
2. Manning’s roughness coefficient, n (table 3-1) .......... 0.80
3. Flow length, L (total L † 300 ft) ................................. ft 185
3.36
4. Two-year 24-hour rainfall, P 2 .................................. in
5. Land slope, s ........................................................ ft/ft 0.16
6. 0.007 (nL)
Tt = _____________
0.8 Compute Tt ......... hr
0.43 + = 0.43
P2 0.5 s0.4
Shallow concentrated flow
Segment ID BC
7. Surface description (paved or unpaved) ..................... UNPAVED
8. Flow length, L ...........................................................ft 215
9. Watercourse slope, s ............................................ ft/ft 0.14
10. Average velocity, V (figure 3-1) ............................. ft/s 6.0
L
11. Tt = _______ Compute Tt ........... hr 0.01 + = 0.01
3600 V
Channel flow
Segment ID CE
12. Cross sectional flow area, a ................................. ft2 1.5
13. Wetted perimeter, pw .............................................. ft 3.6

a 0.42
14. Hydraulic radius, r= Compute r ......................... ft
pw 0.0324
15 Channel slope, s ..................................................... ft/ft
16. Manning’s roughness coefficient, n ............................ 0.033
1.49 r s 2/3 1/2 4.55

17. V = __________ Compute V ................ft/s
____ n 340
18. Flow length, L .......................................................... ft
L
19. Tt = _________ Compute Tt .............. hr 0.02 + = 0.02
3600 V
20. Watershed or subarea Tc or Tt (add Tt in steps 6, 11, and 19) ....................................................... Hr 0.46
(210-VI-TR-55, Second Ed., June 1986) D–3

Worksheet 4: Graphical Peak Discharge method
Project By Date
HWY 44 @ CENTER ST
✔
Check one: Present Developed
1. Data
0.015
Drainage area .......................................... Am = ______________ mi2 (acres/640)
64
Runoff curve number .................................CN = ______________ (From worksheet 2)
0.46
Time of concentration ................................. Tc = ______________ hr (From worksheet 3)
II
Rainfall distribution ....................................... = _______________ (I, IA, II III)
Pond and swamp areas sprea
throughout watershed ................................... = ____________ percent of Am ( ________ acres or mi2 covered)
2. Frequency .................................................................................... yr 2
3. Rainfall, P (24-hour) .................................................................... in 3.36
4. Initial abstraction, Ia ..................................................................... in 1.125

(Use CN with table 4-1)
5. Compute Ia / P .................................................................................. 0.334
6. Unit peak discharge, qu ........................................................ csm/in

440
(Use Tc and Ia / P with exhibit 4– _____ )
7. Runoff, Q ...................................................................................... in
0.65
(From worksheet 2) Figure 2-6
8. Pond and swamp adjustment factor, Fp ...........................................

(Use percent pond and swamp area
with table 4-2. Factor is 1.0 for
zero percent pond ans swamp area.)
4.3
9. Peak discharge, qp ..................................................................... ft3/s
( Where qp = qu Am QFp )

Worksheet 2: Runoff curve number and runoff
Project By Date
HWY 44 @ CENTER ST
Check one: Present ✔ Developed
1. Runoff curve number

1
Soil name Cover description CN Area Product
and of
hydrologic CN x area
group
Figure 2-4
Figure 2-3
✔ acres
Table 2-2
(cover type, treatment, and hydrologic condition; percent mi 2
(appendix A) impervious; unconnected/connected impervious area ratio) %
C OPEN SPACE 74 2.83 209.42
C WOODS 70 3.30 231.0
IMPERVIOUS 98 4.7 460.60
1
Use only one CN source per line
Totals 10.83 901.02
CN (weighted) = ____________ 901.02

total product = _______________ 83.19
= ________ ;
Use CN 83
total area 10.83
2. Runoff
Frequency ................................................. yr 2 25 100
Rainfall, P (24-hour) .................................. in 3.36 6.5 8.2
Runoff, Q .................................................. in 1.74 4.55 6.17

(Use P and CN with table 2-1, figure 2-1, or
equations 2-3 and 2-4)

Worksheet 3: Time of Concentration (Tc) or travel time (Tt)
Project By Date
HWY 44 @ CENTER ST
✔
Check one: Tc Tt through subarea
Notes: Space for as many as two segments per flow type can be used for each worksheet.
Include a map, schematic, or description of flow segments.
Sheet flow (Applicable to Tc only)
Segment ID AB
1. Surface description (table 3-1) ................................... DENSE GRASS
2. Manning’s roughness coefficient, n (table 3-1) .......... 0.24
3. Flow length, L (total L † 300 ft) ................................. ft 100
3.36
4. Two-year 24-hour rainfall, P 2 .................................. in
5. Land slope, s ........................................................ ft/ft 0.01
6. 0.007 (nL)
Tt = _____________
0.8 Compute Tt ......... hr
0.30 + = 0.30
P2 0.5 s0.4
Shallow concentrated flow
Segment ID BC
7. Surface description (paved or unpaved) ..................... PAVED
8. Flow length, L ...........................................................ft 200
9. Watercourse slope, s ............................................ ft/ft 0.02
10. Average velocity, V (figure 3-1) ............................. ft/s 2.95
L
11. Tt = _______ Compute Tt ........... hr 0.02 + = 0.02
3600 V
Channel flow
Segment ID CD DE
12. Cross sectional flow area, a ................................. ft2 1.5
13. Wetted perimeter, pw .............................................. ft 3.6

a 0.42
14. Hydraulic radius, r= Compute r ......................... ft
pw 0.0324
15 Channel slope, s ..................................................... ft/ft
16. Manning’s roughness coefficient, n ............................ 0.013 0.033
1.49 r 2/3 s 1/2

17. V = __________ Compute V ................ft/s Av. 5.1 4.55
____ n 640 200
18. Flow length, L .......................................................... ft
L
19. Tt = _________ Compute Tt .............. hr 0.03 0.01 + = 0.04
3600 V
20. Watershed or subarea Tc or Tt (add Tt in steps 6, 11, and 19) ....................................................... Hr 0.36
(210-VI-TR-55, Second Ed., June 1986) D–3

Worksheet 4: Graphical Peak Discharge method
Project By Date
HWY 44 @ CENTER ST
1. Data
0.0169
Drainage area .......................................... Am = ______________ mi2 (acres/640)
83
Runoff curve number .................................CN = ______________ (From worksheet 2)
0.36
Time of concentration ................................. Tc = ______________ hr (From worksheet 3)
II
Rainfall distribution ....................................... = _______________ (I, IA, II III)
Pond and swamp areas sprea
throughout watershed ................................... = ____________ percent of Am ( ________ acres or mi2 covered)
2. Frequency .................................................................................... yr 2 25 100
3. Rainfall, P (24-hour) .................................................................... in 3.36 6.5 8.2
4. Initial abstraction, Ia ..................................................................... in 0.410 0.410 0.410

(Use CN with table 4-1)
5. Compute Ia / P .................................................................................. 0.122 0.063 0.05
6. Unit peak discharge, qu ........................................................ csm/in

600 625 625
(Use Tc and Ia / P with exhibit 4– _____ )
7. Runoff, Q ...................................................................................... in
1.74 4.55 6.17
(From worksheet 2) Figure 2-6
8. Pond and swamp adjustment factor, Fp ...........................................

(Use percent pond and swamp area
with table 4-2. Factor is 1.0 for
zero percent pond ans swamp area.)
17.6 48.1 65.2
9. Peak discharge, qp ..................................................................... ft3/s
( Where qp = qu Am QFp )

SITE LOCATION MAP
PICKLE CREE
CREEK
EEK PLAZA – PHASE 1
ANYTOWN GOOD NEIGHBOR DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
Any County, Tennessee
Perry Springs 7.5’ USGS Quadrangle
Latitude: 37.3375 Longitude: -83.34583
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 1
SCALE 1:24,000
CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEP OCT NOV JAN MAY
TIMBER SALVAGE
TEMPORARY SEDIMENT STRUCTURES
SEDIMENT BASINS
DIVERSION DITCHES
CLEARING AND CHIPPING
TOPSOIL STRIPPING AND STORAGE
ROAD AND PARKING GRADING
TEMPORARY VEGETATION * *
BUILDING SITE GRADING
BUILDING STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION
PAVING
PERMANENT VEGETATION
REMOVE TEMPORARY STRUCTURES
* and as needed
MP-1
APPENDIX C.
AQUATIC RESOURCE ALTERATION PERMIT
RULES
OF
TENNESSEE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATION
WATER QUALITY CONTROL BOARD
CHAPTER 1200-4-7
AQUATIC RESOURCE ALTERATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1200-4-7-.01 General 1200-4-7-.05

1200-4-7-.02 Exemptions through
1200-4-7-.03 Definitions 1200-4-7-.11 Repealed
1200-4-7-.04 Permits
1200-4-7-.01 GENERAL
(1) These rules are promulgated in order to prevent the future pollution of state waters and to plan for the
future use of such waters so that the water resources of Tennessee might be used and enjoyed to the fullest
extent consistent with the maintenance of unpolluted waters, T.C.A. §69-3-102(b). Persons who wish to
conduct an activity that may impact a water of the state shall consider avoidance and minimization of such
impacts. If impacts to the waters will occur, mitigation as set forth in part (7) of these rules must be
proposed to offset any lost resource value.
(2) The Federal Water Pollution Control Act or Clean Water Act, §401 (33 U.S.C. §1341), provides that an
applicant for a federal license or permit for a discharge into the waters of the United States must provide
the federal licensing or permitting agency a certification from the State in which the discharge originates or
will originate, and that any such discharge will comply with the applicable provisions of §§301, 302, 303,
306 and 307 of that Act.
(3) Additionally, the Tennessee Water Quality Control Act of 1977, T.C.A. §69-3-108(b)(1), provides that it is
unlawful for any person, except in accordance with the conditions of a valid permit, to carry out any
activity which may result in the alteration of the physical, chemical, radiological, biological, or
bacteriological properties of any waters of the State, including wetlands. These activities include, but are
not limited to: the discharge of dredge or fill material, dredging, stream channel modifications, water
withdrawals, wetlands alterations including drainage, and other construction activities which result in the
alteration of the waters of the State. State permits for these activities are either §401 Water Quality
Certifications or Aquatic Resource Alteration Permits.
(4) This regulation prescribes procedures peculiar to these permits, in addition to the general requirements and
procedures of Chapter 1200-4-1 of the Rules of the Water Quality Control Board and the Department of
Environment and Conservation, and the Tennessee Water Quality Control Act of 1977. This regulation
only applies to activities which do not require a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
permit or which do not result from the operation of a treatment system.
Authority: T.C.A. §69-3-105(b) and 69-3-108. Administrative History: Original rule filed February 26, 1987;
effective April 12, 1987. Amendment filed October 8, 1991; effective November 22, 1991. Amendment filed August
25, 2000; effective November 8, 2000.
1200-4-7-.02 EXEMPTIONS
(1) Management activities such as timber harvesting and beaver control, which do not alter or adversely affect
the classified uses of waters of the state, are not subject to these requirements.
(2) Agriculture and forestry activities and activities necessary to the conduct thereof and lands devoted to the
production of agricultural or forestry products are exempt from the requirements of the Act and these rules,
C-1
AQUATIC RESOURCE ALTERATION CHAPTER 1200-4-7
(Rule 1200-4-7-.02, continued)
unless there is a point source discharge, as provided in T.C.A. §69-3-120(g). Thus, normal farming,
forestry and livestock management activities such as plowing, seeding, cultivating, minor drainage, water
withdrawal for irrigation, and harvesting for the production of food, fiber, and forest products are exempt if
they are part of an established (i.e., on-going) farming, forestry, or livestock management operation, unless
there is a point source discharge.
(3) The Department of Agriculture provides guidance for development of best management practices (BMP’s)
for agriculture and forestry. One of the primary goals of these BMP’s is the prevention of soil erosion and
discharge of silt and sedimentation to streams. These BMP’s should be followed. If silvicultural activities
fail to use BMP’s and a point source discharge results in water pollution, the Commissioner is authorized to
issue a stop work order under P.Ch. 680 of the Acts of 2000.
(4) Existing water withdrawals on July 25, 2000, which do not adversely alter or effect the classified use of the
source stream, are not subject to these requirements.
Authority: T.C.A. §69-3-105(b) and §69-3-108. Administrative History: Original rule filed February 26, 1987;
1200-4-7-.03 DEFINITIONS
As used in this rule chapter and in any ARAP permit issued, including General Permits, the following terms have
these meanings:
(1) "Act" means The Tennessee Water Quality Control Act of 1977, as amended, T.C.A. §69-3-101 et seq.
(2) "Activity " means any and all work or acts associated with the performance, or carrying out of a project or a
plan, or construction of a structure.
(3) “Adjacent” means bordering, contiguous, or neighboring. Wetlands separated from other waters of the
State by man-made dikes or barriers, natural river berms and the like are “adjacent wetlands”.
(4) "Aquatic Resource Alteration Permit" means a permit pursuant to §69-3-108 of the Tennessee Water
Quality Control Act of 1977, which authorizes the alteration of properties of waters of the State which
result from activities other than discharges of wastewater through a pipe, ditch or other conveyance. Such a
permit shall impose conditions, including standards and terms of periodic review, as are necessary to
accomplish the purposes of the Act.
(5) “Background Conditions” means the biological (plant and animal species), chemical and physical
conditions of the wetland or water body prior to the proposed activity. If the water body is disturbed, it may
be necessary to use the biological, chemical and physical conditions of a similar water body as a reference
condition.
(6) "Best Management Practices" means a schedule of activities, prohibition of practices, maintenance
procedures and other management practices to prevent or reduce the pollution of waters of the State. BMP's
include methods, measures, practices, and design and performance standards.
(7) "Certification" means an Aquatic Resource Alteration Permit under the Tennessee Water Quality Control
Act of 1977, as required by §401 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, which certifies, either
unconditionally or through imposition of terms under which the activity must be carried out, that the
activity will comply with applicable provisions of §§301, 302, 303, 306, and 307 of the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act and Chapter 1200-4-1 of the Rules of the Water Quality Control Board and the
Department of Environment and Conservation and the Act.
(8) “Channelization” means the alteration of stream channels including but not limited to straightening,
widening, or enlarging.
November, 2000 (Revised) C-2

(9) “Cofferdam” means an enclosure from which water can be pumped to expose the bottom of a body of water
or a barrier constructed to divert the flow of water to allow construction work.
(10) “Commence Construction” means the physical initiation of on-site structural or earthmoving work.
(11) “Constructed Wetland” means intentionally designed, built and operated on previously nonwetland sites for
the primary purpose of wastewater treatment or storm water retention; such wetlands are not created to
provide mitigation for adverse impacts or other wetlands.
(12) “Clearing and Grubbing” means the removal of vegetation by cutting and digging up roots and stumps.
(13) "Cumulative Impacts" means the impact on the environment, which results from the incremental impact of
the action when added to other past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions. A cumulative
impact to a wetland can be the loss of the variety of the natural wetland types, wetland acreage, functions
and classified uses.
(14) “Debris” means woody materials, trash, flotsam, dislodged vegetation, and other potentially mobile
materials, which may, when located within a stream channel, contribute to flow blockage. This does not
include gravel, sand, soil or its constituents such as silt, clay or other sediments.
(15) “Ditch” means a man-made excavation for the purpose of conveying water. Ditches do not include streams,
modified streams or canals.
(16) "Dredging" (sand and gravel dredging) means the removal of sand, gravel and similar sediments or deposits
from a stream, river, or lake bed or wetland by any method.
(17) “Earthmoving” means any construction or other activity which disturbs the surface of the land including,
but not limited to, excavation, embankment, fill, and cut of soil, rock, or earth.
(18) "Emergency" means a situation where life or substantive improvements to real property is in immediate
danger.
(19) “Erosion” means the process by which the land surface is worn away by the action of water, wind, gravity,
chemicals, or a combination thereof.
(20) “Excavation” (a) means a cavity formed by digging, quarrying, uncovering, displacing, or relocating soil or
rock; or, (b) means to dig or remove soil, rocks, or other materials resulting in a change in all or part of the
elevation of a site.
(21) "General Permit" means a permit issued under the Act and this Rule authorizing an alteration to state
waters within the state for a specified category of activities that are substantially similar in nature.
(22) “Hydrogeomorphic System” means a classification system for wetlands based on geomorphic setting, water
source, and hydrodynamics; used to identify and group functionally similar wetlands.
(23) "Individual Permit” means a permit issued by the Division of Water Pollution Control to a specified person
to conduct specified activities at a specified location. This type of permit does not authorize an activity by a
class of persons or the public in general.
(24) “In the Dry” means in such a manner that no equipment or dredged material is in contact with the stream or
wetland and that the soil water boundary is not disturbed by equipment or that no infiltration is pumped to
the stream from the dredge site.

(25) “Minimal Impacts” means an activity for which the scope is very limited in area, the impact is very short in
duration, and has no impact to waters just downstream of the location of the activity. Examples of
activities with 'minimal impacts' include, but are not limited to, (1) minor channel changes associated with
bank stabilization; and (2) an activity typically authorized by General Permit, but which requires an
Individual Permit because the project falls under one of the listed exclusions.
(26) “Minor Road Crossing” is a bridged or culverted roadway fill across a stream or river which results in the
alteration of 200 linear feet or less of streambed or shoreline.
(27) "Mitigation" means compensating for impacts in regulated areas as provided by Rule 1200-4-7-.04(7).
(28) “Practicable alternative” is an alternative that is available and capable of being done after taking into
consideration cost, existing technology, and logistics in light of overall project purposes.
(29) “Resource Values” are the benefits provided by the water resource. These benefits include, but are not
limited to, the ability of the water resource to:
(a) filter, settle and/or eliminate pollutants;
(b) prevent the entry of pollutants into downstream waters;
(c) assist in flood prevention;
(d) provide habitat for fish, aquatic life, livestock and water fowl;
(e) provide drinking water for wildlife and water fowl;
(f) provide and support recreational uses; and
(g) provide both safe and adequate quality and quantity of drinking water.
(30) “Sediment” means soil or its constituents that has been deposited in water, is in suspension in water, is
being transported, or has otherwise been removed or disturbed from its site of origin.
(31) “Sedimentation or Siltation” means the process by which sediment is deposited in or by the waters of the
State.
(32) “Settling Basin” means a prepared storage area constructed to trap and store sediment from erodible areas
in order to protect any streams below the construction areas from excessive siltation; an impoundment that
accumulates transported sediment and has provisions for a principal spillway; a reservoir which retains
high flows sufficiently to cause deposition of transported sediment.
(33) “Stabilize” means the proper placing, grading, and/or covering of soil, rock, or earth to insure their
resistance to erosion, sliding or other movement.
(34) "Stream" means all waters of the State on the surface of the ground except wet weather conveyances;
streams include, but are not limited to, creeks, rivers, canals, and tributaries.
(35) “Structure” means any building, pier, wharf, dolphin, weir, boom, breakwater, bulkhead, revetment, riprap,
jetty, mooring structure, moored floating vessel, piling, aid to navigation, bridge, culvert or any other
obstacle or obstruction.
(36) “Utility Line” means any pipe or pipeline for the transportation of any gaseous, liquid, liquefiable or slurry
substance, for any purpose, and any cable, line, or wire for the transmission for any purpose of electrical
energy, telephone and telegraph messages, and radio and television communication.

(37) “Water Dependent” describes an activity that requires location in or adjacent to surface waters or wetlands
in order to fulfill its basic purpose.
(38) "Wetlands" means those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and
duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation
typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs,
and similar areas.
(39) "Wetland Dependent" means that the location of a project or conducting an activity in a wetland is essential
to fulfill the purpose of the project. Examples of such projects are fish and wildlife management, nature
trails, wildlife observation points, etc.
(40) “Wet Weather Conveyances” are man-made or natural watercourses, including natural watercourses that
have been modified by channelization, that flow only in direct response to precipitation runoff in their
immediate locality, and whose channels are above the groundwater table, and which do not support fish or
aquatic life, and are not suitable for drinking water supplies.
(41) Terminology not specifically defined herein shall be defined in accordance with the Tennessee Water
Quality Control Act of 1977, T.C.A. §69-3-101 et seq., and the rules adopted thereunder.
1200-4-7-.04 PERMITS
(1) Application for a Permit.
(a) Any person who plans to engage in any of the activities outlined in §69-3-108 must obtain a
permit from the Commissioner to lawfully engage in such activity. There are three (3) types of
permits: Individual Permits; §401 Water Quality Certifications; and General Permits. There are
several types of General Permits: (1) a General Permit that authorizes the implementation of the
activity in accordance with all the terms and conditions of the General Permit without prior notice
and approval from the Commissioner; (2) a General Permit which requires the applicant notify
TDEC of the planned activity prior to implementing the activity in accordance with the terms and
conditions of the General Permit; and (3) a General Permit which requires the applicant to notify
the Commissioner of the planned activity and receive approval from the Commissioner prior to
implementing the activity in accordance with the terms and conditions of the General Permit.
Certain of the General Permits authorize an activity that is authorized by a Nationwide Permit of
the U.S. Corps of Engineers and therefore serve as a §401 Certification. Persons need not file an
application with the Commissioner if they are conducting an activity pursuant to a General Permit
that does not require Notice or approval. Persons who desire to implement an activity pursuant to a
General Permit, which requires Notice or Notice and prior approval, must submit the necessary
documentation required by the General Permit prior to implementing the planned activity in
accordance with the terms and conditions of the General Permit. A person must file an application
for an Individual Permit or for a §401 Water Quality Certification with the Department, in
accordance with paragraph (3) and (5) of this rule, to implement any activity that is not authorized

by a General Permit. All General Permits in effect as of the date of this Rule shall continue in
effect, and are not revoked by these Rules.1
(b) The application to the Commissioner for certification of activities which require §404 permits
from the United States Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) shall be the application filed with the
Army Corps of Engineers. The Joint Public Notice which shall be issued by the Corps, describes
the activity and notifies the general public of the application for the §404 permit and state
certification and of the public's right to submit comments and requests for public hearing. If
further information is required for project evaluation, the Commissioner may request it from either
the applicant or the Corps.
(2) General permits.
The Commissioner may use General Permits to authorize alterations to state waters for specific categories
of activities that are substantially similar in nature within the state or other specified geographical areas.
When the Commissioner determines that a category or activity is suitable for coverage by a General Permit,
or that substantive modification of existing General Permits is consistent with §69-3-108 of the Tennessee
Water Quality Control Act of 1977, the Commissioner will provide notice of and conduct a minimum of
one (1) public hearing. The public notice will contain the relevant information, as set forth in part (4)(c).
TDEC will distribute the public notice to interested persons who have requested TDEC notify them of
ARAP applications and by posting on the TDEC website. Interested persons may submit written comments
on the General Permit within thirty (30) days of the public notice or such greater period as the
Commissioner allows. All written comments submitted shall be retained and considered in the final
determination to issue a General Permit.
(3) §401 Water Quality Certification.
(a) General. Any person who plans to engage in any of the activities outlined in §404 of the Federal
Clean Water Act must obtain a federal permit as well as either a state permit or a state water
quality certification under §401 of the Clean Water Act to lawfully engage in such activity in the
State of Tennessee. Section 401 of the Federal Clean Water Act requires the Commissioner to
certify that the issuance of the federal §404 permit meets the requirements of sections of the
Federal Clean Water Act and the Water Quality Control Act. Persons must make application for
the planned activity with the Army Corps of Engineers for an individual §404 permit or make use
of a Corps of Engineers’ nationwide permit.
(b) An individual §404 permit. Where the activity requires an individual §404 permit, the application
filed with the Army Corps of Engineers will serve as the application for either the state permit or
the state §401 certification. The applicant must file the completed federal application with TDEC
for the Commissioner to process and evaluate. The Commissioner will review a completed
application and make a determination whether to issue a §401 Water Quality Certification. The
application must describe the proposed activity and include all the necessary technical information
for the Commissioner to make a determination, including an evaluation of practicable alternatives.
The practicable alternatives analysis required by this part shall be satisfied by the applicants’
submittal to the Division of a practicable alternatives evaluation for the proposed activity which
has been submitted to the Army Corps of Engineers.
1
The following activities were authorized by a General Permit on the date these rules were promulgated: Bank
Stabilization, Gravel Dredging, Launching Ramps, Road Crossings, Alteration of Wet Weather Conveyance, Stream
Restoration and Habitat Enhancement, Minor Wetlands, Bridge Scour Repair, Emergency Road Repair, Utility Line
Crossings, Surveying and Geotechnical Exploration, Minor Dredging, Alteration and Restoration of Intermittent
Streams for Mining, Maintenance Activities, Relocation of Intermittent Streams, Wetlands Restoration and
Enhancement, and Impoundment of Intermittent Streams.

(c) A nationwide permit. Where the activity can be authorized by a Corps of Engineers nationwide
permit, the §401 certification can be obtained through the use of a state general permit, if
applicable, or an individual permit pursuant to paragraph (5) of this rule. If the Commissioner
issues a §401 Certification, the §401 Certification is the state permit.
(4) Public Notice and Participation.
(a) An ARAP Individual Permit or a §401 Certification requires the issuance of Public Notice seeking
public participation and comment on the planned activity. However, Public Notice is not required
for an activity authorized by General Permit since Public Notice is provided pursuant to part (2) of
this part. Each completed application shall be subject to the public notice and participation
requirements of Part (b) of this part with the following exceptions:
1. §401 Certification. The Department's procedure for issuing public notice for
certification of an application for a federal license or permit pursuant to §401 of the
Clean Water Act may be either a public notice issued jointly with the Corps, or a public
notice issued by the Department. Such notice will describe the activity, advise the
public of the scope of certification, their rights to comment on the proposed activity
and to request a public hearing. The notice will also inform the public to whom they
should send their requests and comments.
2. Minimal impact activities. For activities that are projected to have only minimal
impacts to state waters, which can be readily addressed, the Commissioner may utilize
a twenty (20) day public notice period.
3. When the Commissioner determines that a proposed permit modification will not
materially change water quality aspects of the project, or will result in an improvement
of water quality, as compared to the originally permitted activity, a permit may be
modified without public notice.
4. Where the Commissioner determines an emergency situation exists, a permit for

remedial action may be issued without prior public notice and participation. The
emergency permit shall be advertised by public notice, however, no later than twenty
(20) days after issuance. This permit shall be subject to all other provisions of Part (b)
of this Rule. The remedial actions allowed shall be limited to those necessary to
remedy the emergency.
(b) Upon receipt of a completed ARAP application, the Commissioner will review and evaluate the
proposed activity or project to make a determination whether to issue an Individual Permit, as
described in (5) of this Part. In order to inform interested and potentially interested persons of the
proposed activity, a Public Notice seeking public participation and comment on the activity will be
given.
(c) The Public Notice will include the following information:
1. Name, address, and telephone number of the applicant;
2. Name and address of TDEC contact person;
3. A brief description of the proposed activity;
4. A brief description of the scope of the proposed activity;
5. The location of the state waters impacted by the proposed activity;

6. A sketch or detailed description of the location of the proposed activity and the subject
waters of the state;
7. The purpose of the proposed activity;
8. The watershed of the subject waters;
9. A description of the conditions of the subject waters and the watershed, (e.g., physical
conditions of the waters, quality of the waters such as size, flow, substrate, channel,
etc.);
10. The procedure to submit comments on the proposed activity;
11. The procedure for requesting a public hearing; and
12. A brief description of the procedure for the Commissioner to make a final
determination to issue a permit.
(d) The approved Public Notice shall be distributed to interested persons and shall be circulated
within the geographical area of the proposed activity as follows:
1. TDEC will distribute the approved Public Notice to interested persons who have
requested TDEC notify them of ARAP applications and by posting on the TDEC
website.
2. The Applicant shall distribute the approved Public Notice to the neighboring
landowners by publishing in a local newspaper of general circulation and by posting a
sign within view of a public road in the vicinity of the proposed project site as
specified by the Division. The sign shall contain those provisions as specified by the
Division. The sign shall be of such size that is legible from the public road. Also, the
sign shall be maintained for at least thirty (30) days following distribution of the
approved Public Notice.
3. The applicant shall provide certification to the Division of compliance with item 2.
(e) A copy of the public notice shall be sent to any person who specifically requests one. Interested
persons may submit written comments on the proposed activity within thirty (30) days of public
notice or such greater period as the Commissioner allows. All written comments submitted shall
be retained and considered in the final determination to issue a permit.
(f) Interested persons, including the applicant, may request, in writing, that the Commissioner hold a
public hearing on any application. Said request from interested persons must be filed no later than
the end of the period allowed for public comment, and must indicate the interest of the party filing
it, must concisely state the water quality issues being raised, and the reasons why a hearing is
warranted. If there are water quality issues and significant public interest in having a hearing, the
Commissioner shall hold one in the geographical area of the proposed activity. No less than thirty
(30) days in advance of the hearing, public notice of it shall be circulated at least as widely as was
notice of the application. The Commissioner will distribute notice of the public hearing as set forth
in (d)(1) above, and by publishing in a local newspaper. The notice shall cite the date, time and
place of the public hearing, a statement of the issues raised by the person requesting the hearing,
and the purpose of the public hearing.

(5) Individual Permits.
(a) Persons who plan to engage in any activity that requires an Aquatic Resource Alteration Permit,
which is not governed by a General Permit or a §401 Water Quality Certification, must submit an
application to the Commissioner for review and approval prior to implementing the planned
activity. The Commissioner will review a completed application and make a determination
whether to issue an Individual Permit. The application must describe the proposed activity and
include all the necessary technical information for the Commissioner to make a determination.
The applicant shall assess the practicable alternatives for a planned activity. If the activity does not
avoid impacts to state waters, the individual must comply with Section 7 of this Part. However, if
the nature of the affected waters is such that mitigation is not reasonably likely to result in no net
loss of water resource values, and if there is a practicable alternative to the activity, which through
avoidance or minimization of impacts would result in no net loss, then such alternative shall be
selected.
(b) An applicant shall describe the proposed project including the use of technical terms in the
definition section of this part where relevant. The sketch or plans and specifications submitted
with the application shall describe the method for implementation of the planned activity. Where
the proposed activity would result in an appreciable permanent loss of resource value, the
applicant must propose adequate mitigation actions so that there is no overall net loss of state
water resource values. The applicant shall set forth in the application a brief summary of the
practicable alternatives considered to implement the proposed activity.
(c) An Individual Permit is required for water withdrawals, which will or will likely result in
alteration of the properties of the source stream.
1. Persons proposing to withdraw water from waters of the state in a manner which will
or will likely result in an alteration of the properties of the source stream, shall file an
application with the Department which includes the following minimum information:
(i) proposed withdrawal rates and volumes;
(ii) proposed withdrawal schedule; and
(iii) flow data of the source stream (if free flowing).
2. Where a permit for water withdrawal is required, the Commissioner shall establish
permit conditions which are protective of the source stream's resource value. These
conditions may include flow levels below which no withdrawal may occur. The
Commissioner may also establish a maximum withdrawal rate in order to maintain the
natural flow fluctuation characteristics of the source stream.
(6) Permit Evaluation Criteria.
(a) Some activities may not be entitled to a permit. When a permit is granted, it shall require
compliance with all provisions of the Act, the regulations adopted pursuant to the Act, and any
special terms or conditions the Commissioner determines are necessary to fulfill the purposes or
enforce the provisions of the Act.
(b) A permit may be modified, suspended, or revoked for cause by the Commissioner upon such
notice to the permittee as required by law. Permits for activities that have been completed are not
subject to modification. If a modification results in a less restrictive permit, then public notice and
opportunity for hearing must be given prior to modification. Cause shall include, but not be
limited to the following:

1. violation of any terms or conditions of the permit;
2. obtaining a permit by misrepresentation or failure to disclose fully all relevant facts;
3. causing a condition of pollution;
4. violation(s) of the Act or other environmental statutes;
5. a change in the Act or regulations that substantively impacts the content of the permit;
6. a change in the Federal Clean Water Act that substantively impacts the content of the
permit; and
7. a significant change of the physical condition(s) of the site or the waters.
(c) The Act requires that no activity be authorized by the Commissioner unless any lost resource
value associated with the proposed impact is offset by mitigation sufficient to result in no overall
net loss of resource value. In a situation in which an applicant proposes mitigation that would not
result in no overall net loss, the Commissioner shall not issue the permit unless the applicant
redesigns the project to avoid impacts, minimize them, or provide mitigation as provided in
paragraph (7) so that the redesigned project would result in no net loss of resource value. In
making a decision on a permit application, the Commissioner shall determine the lost resource
value associated with a proposed impact and the resource value of any proposed mitigation and
shall consider the following factors:
1. direct loss of stream length, waters, or wetland area due to the proposed activity;
2. direct loss of in-stream, waters, or wetlands habitat due to the proposed activity;
3. impairment of stream channel stability due to the proposed activity;
4. diminishment in species composition in any stream, wetland, or state waters due to the
proposed activity;
5. direct loss of stream canopy due to the proposed activity;
6. whether the proposed activity is reasonably likely to have cumulative or secondary

impacts to the water resource;
7. conversion of unique or high quality waters as established in Rule 1200-4-3-.06 to

more common systems;
8. hydrologic modifications resulting from the proposed activity;
9. the adequacy and viability of any proposed mitigation including, but not limited to,
quantity, quality, likelihood of long term protection, and the inclusion of upland
buffers;
10. quality of stream or wetland proposed to be impacted;
11. whether the state waters is listed on the §303(d) list; whether the proposed activity is
located in a component of the National Wild and Scenic River System, a State Scenic
River, waters designated as Outstanding National Resource Waters, or waters
identified as high quality waters as defined in Rule 1200-4-3-.06, known as Tier II
waters; whether the activity is located in a waterway which has been identified by the
November, 2000 (Revised) C - 10

Department as having contaminated sediments; and whether the activity will adversely
affect species formally listed in State and Federal lists of threatened or endangered
species; and
12. any other factors relevant under the Act.
(d) All permits which require mitigation of impacts shall contain conditions requiring that the
mitigation is performed properly, performed in a timely manner and is adequately maintained.
(7) Mitigation.
(a) Mitigation of state waters other than wetlands.
If an applicant proposes an activity that would result in an appreciable permanent loss of resource
value of a state water, the applicant must provide mitigation which results in no overall net loss of
resource values. The applicant shall provide the Commissioner with a time schedule for
completion of all mitigation measures for approval. Further, for any mitigation involving the
relocation or re-creation of a stream segment, to the extent practicable, the applicant shall
complete the mitigation before any impact occurs to the existing state waters. Mitigation measures
include, but are not limited to:
1. Restoration of degraded stream reaches and/or riparian zones;
2. New (relocated) stream channels;
3. Removal of pollutants from and hydrologic buffering of storm water runoff; and
4. Any other measures which have a reasonable likelihood of increasing the resource
value of a state water.
The Commissioner will assess the proposed mitigation to assure there is no overall net loss
of resource value. The mitigation measures or actions should be prioritized in the following
order: restoration, enhancement, re-creation, and protection.
(b) Mitigation of Wetlands.
1. If an applicant proposes an activity that would result in an appreciable permanent loss

of resource value of wetlands, the applicant must provide mitigation which results in
no overall net loss of resource value. The applicant shall provide the Commissioner
with a time schedule for completion of all mitigation measures for approval. Further,
for any mitigation involving the enhancement or preservation of existing wetlands, to
the extent practicable, the applicant shall complete the mitigation before any impact
occurs to the existing state waters. For any mitigation involving restoration or creation
of a wetland, to the extent practicable, the mitigation shall occur either before or
simultaneously with impacts to the existing state waters. Mitigation for impacts to
wetlands are prioritized as follows:
(i) Restoration of a previously degraded or impacted wetland (with emphasis on

prior converted areas) on-site or in the immediate project area;
(ii) Restoration, including mitigation banking, off-site but within the eight digit
United States Geological Survey hydrological unit in which the project is
located;

(iii) Restoration, including mitigation banking, outside of the eight digit United
States Geological Survey hydrological unit in which the project is located;
(iv) Creation of wetlands on-site or in the immediate project area;
(v) Creation of wetlands off-site;
(vi) Enhancement of existing wetlands;
(vii) Preservation of existing wetlands; or
(viii) A combination of any of the above activities.
2. The ratio of acres required for wetland mitigation should not be less than 2:1 for
restoration activities; 4:1 for creation and enhancement; and 10:1 for preservation.
Alternatively, the applicant may propose and utilize, subject to the Division’s approval,
best professional judgment ratios. The best professional judgment ratios shall be based
on the resource value and functions of the affected wetland, resource value of the
mitigation, and the likelihood of success of the mitigation.
3. All wetland mitigation projects shall include a monitoring and reporting program to
document timely achievement of a successful mitigation wetland and remedial actions
to correct any deficiency.
(8) Duration and Re-issuance of Permits.
(a) Each permit issued shall have a fixed term not to exceed five (5) years.
(b) Re-issuance of permits is not required for one-time alterations such as construction, as long as the
alterations are completed within the time limit established by permit.
(c) For on-going alterations, such as water withdrawals, any permittee who wishes to continue the
permitted activity after the expiration date of the permit must make application at least ninety (90)
days prior to its expiration date.
(d) The Commissioner shall follow the procedures for public notice and participation detailed in
paragraph (4), above, regarding each application for re-issuance of a permit.
(9) Review of Permit Denials, Suspensions, Revocations, Terms and Conditions.
Permittees and applicants for permits who disagree with the denial, suspension or revocation of a permit or
the terms and conditions of a permit are entitled to review of the Commissioner's decision by the Water
Quality Control Board pursuant to §69-3-105. Any action taken by the Commissioner regarding a permit
remains in effect unless and until an order of the Water Quality Control Board or a reviewing court
becomes final.
1200-4-7-.05 through 1200-4-7-.11 REPEALED
effective April 12, 1987. Amendment filed October 8, 1991; effective November 22, 1991. Repeal filed August 25,
2000; effective November 8, 2000.

GENERAL PERMIT FOR EMERGENCY ROAD REPAIR
This general permit applies to stream alterations necessary to the repair of a public roadway or highway in
the case of imminent threat to the public safety. No written permit or advanced authorization is required
when a chief administrative officer of a public highway or transportation department repairs or causes the
repair of highways or roads in emergency situations where immediate repairs are necessary to protect
human safety and welfare.
Notification
1) The chief administrative officer of the public highway or transportation department shall notify the
Division by telephone as soon as practicable that an emergency has arisen and of intentions to
make repairs in response to the emergency.
2) Within ten (10) days of the completion of the emergency repair work the chief administrative
officer shall notify the Division in writing of the action taken and the nature of the emergency
necessitating such immediate repair.
General Terms and Conditions
1) The extent of stream alteration associated with the road repair undertaken pursuant to this section
shall not exceed four hundred feet (400’).
2) Soil materials must be prevented from entering waters of the state. Erosion and sedimentation
control measures to protect water quality must be maintained throughout the construction period.
Erosion and sedimentation controls shall include, but are not limited to straw or hay bales and/or
silt fence, brush barriers, berms, sediment ponds and other proven devices. Hay bales and/or silt
fence must be installed along the base of all fills and cuts, on the down hill side of stock piled soil,
and along stream banks in cleared areas to prevent sedimentation to streams. They must be
installed on the contour, entrenched and staked, and extend the width of the area to be cleared.
Erosion and sedimentation controls must be repaired, if necessary, after rainfall.
3) Instream sedimentation control devices are not approved as primary treatment devices. They may
be used only as backup or fail-safe protection. Separate erosion and sedimentation controls and
sediment treatment devices must be utilized.
4) Excavation and fill activities shall be separated from flowing waters. All surface water flowing
towards excavation or fill work shall be diverted through utilization of cofferdams, berms,
temporary channels, or pipes. Temporary diversion channels must be protected by non-erodible
material and lined to the expected high water level. Cofferdams must be constructed of sandbags,
clean rock, steel sheeting or other non-erodible materials. Clean rock is rock of various type and
size, depending upon application, which contains no fines, soils, or other wastes or contaminants.
5) Slurry water pumped from work areas and excavations must be held in settling basins or treated by
filtration prior to its discharge into surface waters. Water must be held in settling basins until at
least as clear as the receiving waters. Settling basins shall not be located closer than twenty (20)
feet from the top bank of a stream. Settling basins and traps shall be properly designed according
to the size of the drainage areas or volume of water to be treated.
6) Check dams shall be utilized where runoff is concentrated. Clean rock, log, sandbag, or straw bale
check dams shall be properly constructed to detain runoff and trap sediment. However, no such
measures shall be used in streams. Clean rock is rock of various type and size, depending upon
application, which contains no fines, soils, or other wastes or contaminants.
C - 13
7) Clearing, grubbing and other disturbance to riparian vegetation shall be limited to the minimum
necessary to accomplish emergency repairs and equipment operations. Unnecessary vegetation
removal is prohibited. All disturbed areas shall be properly stabilized as soon as practicable.
8) Appropriate steps shall be taken to ensure that petroleum products or other chemical pollutants are
prevented from entering waters of the state. All spills must be reported to the appropriate
emergency management agency, and measures shall be taken immediately to prevent the pollution
of waters of the state, including groundwater.
9) Streams shall not be used as transportation routes for heavy equipment. Crossings must be limited
to one point and erosion control measures must be utilized where the stream banks are disturbed.
Where the streambed is not composed of rock, a pad of clean rock must be used at the crossing
point. All temporary fill must be completely removed after the work is completed. Clean rock is
rock of various type and size, depending upon application, which contains no fines, soils, or other
wastes or contaminants.
10) Emergency repair work shall be limited to that necessary to restore pre-emergency conditions.
Channel enlargements or realignments are not authorized under this section, other than to restore
preemergency conditions.
11) Adverse impact to formally listed state or federal threatened or endangered species or their critical
habitat, or to cultural, historical, or archeological features or sites is prohibited.
Effective Date July 1, 2000 APPROVED: _______________________________
Expiration Date June 30, 2005 Paul Davis, Director
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GENERAL PERMIT FOR LAUNCHING RAMPS
Construction of boat launching ramps is hereby permitted provided the activity is done in accordance with
the terms and conditions below.
Exclusions
This general permit cannot be used to authorize work in the following circumstances:
(a) where the proposed activity will adversely affect wetlands;
(b) where a portion of the proposed activity is located in a component of the National Wild
and Scenic River System, a State Scenic River, or waters designated as Outstanding
National Resource Waters;
(c) when a portion of the proposed activity is located in any waterway which is identified by
the Department as having contaminated sediments, and where the proposed work will
likely mobilize the contaminants;
(d) when the project will adversely affect a species formally listed on State or Federal lists of
threatened, or endangered species; or (e) when an individual permit is required. Projects
not qualifying for authorization by this general permit may be authorized by individual
permit provided all requirements of the Tennessee Water Quality Control Act of 1977 are
met.
Notification
1) Where construction of a launching ramp is located within water resource development project
lands and waters, including flowage easement, managed by the Tennessee Valley Authority or the
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, notification to the Division is not required. However, prior to
commencement of construction, the applicant must have received any necessary authorizations
pursuant to applicable provisions of §10 of The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, §404 of The
Clean Water Act and §26a of The Tennessee Valley Authority Act.
2) Where construction of a launching ramp is not located within water resource development project
lands and waters, including flowage easement, managed by the Tennessee Valley Authority or the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, persons proposing to construct a launching ramp in waters of the
State shall notify the Division by submission of an application which includes the following
minimum information:
(a) a map showing the exact location of the proposed construction site; and
(b) a single copy of construction plans which includes specifications for proposed stream
channel alterations and pollution control methods or structures.
Construction shall not commence until the Division issues written notification that the proposal
may proceed in accordance with the terms of this general permit or issues an individual permit.
1) The total width, including base fill material, may not exceed 20 feet for the proposed ramp for
projects not located within water resource development project lands and waters, including
flowage easement, managed by the Tennessee Valley Authority or the U. S. Army Corps of
Engineers.
2) The ramp shall be constructed in the dry to the maximum extent practicable during winter
drawdown periods of lakes/reservoirs or during low flow periods of free flowing streams. If wet
construction is necessary, cofferdams shall be utilized.
C - 15
3) The excavation and fill activities associated with the ramp construction shall be kept to a
minimum and all excess material shall be hauled to an upland site and properly stabilized to
prevent reentry to the waterway.
necessary for slope construction and equipment operations. Unnecessary vegetation removal is
prohibited. All disturbed areas shall be properly stabilized as soon as practicable.
5) The use of the ramp must not interfere with the public's right to free navigation on all navigable
waters of the United States.
6) Ramps constructed on fill shall have the side slopes stabilized with riprap.
7) Material may not be placed in such location or manner so as to impair surface water flow into or
out of any wetland area.
8) The material to be discharged shall be free of contaminants, including toxic pollutants, hazardous
substances, waste metal, construction debris, organic materials, etc.
12) Upon achievement of final grade, all disturbed areas must be stabilized and re-vegetated within 30
days by sodding or seeding and mulching. Seed to be utilized shall include a combination of
annual grains and grasses, legumes, and perennial grasses. Lime and fertilizer shall be applied as
needed to achieve a vegetative cover.
C - 16
GENERAL PERMIT FOR ROAD CROSSINGS
Construction of road crossings of waters where the total length of stream encapsulation is 200 linear feet or
less is hereby permitted provided the activity is done in accordance with the terms and conditions below.
Exclusions
(a) where the proposed activity will adversely affect wetlands;
(b) when the total length of stream encapsulation is more than 200 feet;
(c) where a portion of the proposed activity is located in a component of the National Wild and Scenic
River System, a State Scenic River, or waters designated as Outstanding National Resource
Waters;
(d) when a portion of the proposed activity is located in any waterway which is identified by the
Department as having contaminated sediments, and where the proposed work will likely mobilize
the contaminants;
(e) when the project will adversely affect a species formally listed on State or Federal lists of
threatened, or endangered species; or
(f) when an individual permit is required.
Projects not qualifying for authorization by this general permit may be authorized by individual permit
provided all requirements of the Tennessee Water Quality Control Act of 1977 are met.
Notification
1) Where the total width of fill or disturbance to the stream channel for construction of the road
crossing is less than 25 feet, notification to the Division is required prior to commencing
construction in accordance with this general permit. Work may commence without written
authorization from the Division. However it is the applicant’s responsibility to assure that all of
the terms and conditions of this general permit are met.
2) Persons proposing to construct a minor road crossing in waters of State where the total width of
fill or disturbance to the stream channel is greater than 25 feet shall notify the Division by
submission of an application which includes the following minimum information:
(b) a single copy of construction plans which includes specifications for proposed stream
channel alterations and pollution control methods or structures.
Stream alteration activities shall not commence until the Division issues written notification that
the proposal may proceed in accordance with the terms of this general permit or issues an
individual permit.
1) Only clean rock may be placed directly into waters. Clean rock is rock of various type and size,
depending upon application, that contains no fines, soils, or other wastes or contaminants. Other
C - 17
fill materials to be discharged below ordinary high water must be free of fines, sediment, soil,
pollutants, contaminants, toxic materials, trash, or other waste materials.
2) The width of the fill associated with the crossing shall be limited to the minimum necessary for the
actual crossing.
3) Excavation and fill activities shall be separated from flowing waters. All surface water flowing
toward the excavation or fill work shall be diverted through utilization of cofferdams, berms, or
temporary channels. Temporary diversion channels must be protected by non-erodible material
and lined to the expected high water level. Cofferdams must be constructed of sandbags, clean
rock, steel sheeting or other non-erodible material. Clean rock is rock of various type and size,
depending upon application, that contains no fines, soils, or other wastes or contaminants.
4) The crossing shall be culverted, bridged or otherwise designed to prevent the impoundment of
normal or base flows. Base flow is that usual or normal flow of the stream that is supplied
primarily by groundwater from springs and seeps, but not affected by rapid runoff during and after
rainfall.
5) The crossing shall be designed and constructed so as not to disrupt the movement of aquatic life.
Where practicable, the bottom of culverts should be constructed below the stream bed level, with
natural substrate placed over the culvert bottom following construction.
least as clear as the receiving waters. Settling basins shall not be located closer than 20 feet from
the top bank of a stream. Settling basins and traps shall be properly designed according to the size
of the drainage areas or volume of water to be treated.
check dams shall be properly constructed to detain runoff and trap sediment. Clean rock is rock of
various type and size, depending upon application, that contains no fines, soils, or other wastes or
contaminants.
point. Clean rock is rock of various type and size, depending upon application, that contains no
fines, soils, or other wastes or contaminants. All temporary fill must be completely removed after
the work is completed.
C - 18
12) Construction debris must be kept from entering the stream channel.
15) The project should be consistent with all applicable local floodplain regulations. The applicant
should contact local government officials to determine what these regulations are at a particular
location.
C - 19
GENERAL PERMIT FOR MINOR WETLANDS ALTERATIONS
This general permit authorizes alteration of up to one acre of isolated wetlands. Alterations are addressed in
two size categories. Under the stated terms and conditions, up to one fourth acre of qualifying wetlands
may be altered without compensatory mitigation and up to one acre of qualifying wetlands may be altered
with approved compensatory mitigation. Isolated wetlands are wetlands that are either not hydrologically
connected to other waters of the state or are connected only by wet weather conveyance.
1) Fill or other alteration of up to one-fourth acre of isolated wetlands is allowed by this general
permit without compensatory mitigation, provided the activity is done in accordance with the
applicable terms and conditions of this general permit.
2) Fill or alteration of up to one acre of isolated wetlands is authorized by this general permit
provided the activity is done in accordance with the applicable terms and conditions, and provided
a plan for compensatory mitigation to offset unavoidable adverse wetlands impacts is submitted by
the applicant, approved by the Division and implemented as approved.
Exclusions
(a) where a portion of the activity is located in waters which have been identified by the Department
as having contaminated sediments, and where the proposed work will likely mobilize the
contaminants;
(b) when the project will adversely affect a species formally listed on State or Federal lists of
threatened, or endangered species;
(c) when the wetland represents a high quality ecological resource as compared to others within the
ecoregion;
(d) when all available and practicable measures have not been employed to avoid and minimize
adverse impacts on wetlands and other waters of the state; and
(e) when an individual permit is required.
Projects not qualifying for authorization by this general permit may be authorized by individual permit
provided all requirements of the Tennessee Water Quality Control Act of 1977 are met.
Notification
Persons proposing to alter wetlands with authorization by this general permit shall notify the Division by
submission of an application, which includes, at a minimum, the following information:
(a) a map showing the exact location of the proposed activity;
(b) a description of the wetland to be altered including boundaries, vegetation and hydrologic
characteristics; and
(c) a single copy of construction plans which includes specifications for proposed wetlands alterations
and proposed pollution control methods or structures.
Construction shall not commence until the Division issues written notification that the proposal may
proceed in accordance with the terms of this general permit, or issues an individual permit.
C - 20
1) Wetland alterations authorized by this general permit must be part of a single and complete
project. This general permit can not be used in an incremental or piecemeal means to alter larger
areas of wetlands.
2) The alteration shall not adversely affect the functions and classified use support of adjacent
wetlands and other waters of the state.
3) The excavation and fill activities associated with the wetlands alteration shall be kept to a
minimum and all excess material shall be hauled to an upland site and properly stabilized to
prevent reentry to waters of the State.
4) Clearing, grubbing and other disturbance to areas in or immediately adjacent to waters of the state
shall be limited to the minimum necessary to accomplish the proposed activity. Unnecessary
vegetation removal is prohibited. All disturbed areas shall be properly stabilized as soon as
possible.
5) Any material to be discharged into wetlands or other waters of the state shall be free of
contaminants including toxic pollutants and hazardous substances.
10) Prior authorization must be obtained when necessary by the applicant pursuant to applicable
provisions of §404 of the Clean Water Act and §26a of The Tennessee Valley Authority Act.
habitat, or to cultural, historical or archeological features or sites is prohibited.
C - 21
GENERAL PERMIT FOR BRIDGE SCOUR REPAIR ACTIVITIES
Bridge scour repair activities are hereby permitted provided the activity is done in accordance with the
terms and conditions below.
Exclusions
(a) where wetlands will be adversely affected by the proposed work;
(b) when the activity is located in any waterway which is identified by the Department as having
contaminated sediments, and where the proposed work will likely mobilize the contaminants;
Waters;
threatened or endangered species; or
Bank stabilization projects not qualifying for authorization by this general permit may be authorized by
individual permit provided all requirements of the Tennessee Water Quality Control Act of 1977 are met.
Notification
Persons proposing to conduct bridge scour repair activities in waters of the State shall notify the Division
by submission of an application which includes the following minimum information:
(a) a cover letter explaining the scope of the project;
(b) an U.S.G.S. topographic map showing the exact location of the proposed construction site; and
(c) a single copy of construction plans which include specifications for stream channel alterations and
detailed pollution control methods or structures.
Scour repair activities shall not commence until the Division issues written notification that the proposal
may proceed in accordance with the terms of this general permit or issues an individual permit.
1) Temporary erosion control measures must be in place before any construction operations begin,
maintained throughout the construction period and repaired, as necessary, until all erodible soil at
the site is stabilized. Effective erosion control must be installed along the base of all fills and cuts,
on the downhill side of stockpiled soil, and along stream banks in cleared areas to prevent erosion
into streams.
2) Placement of material for scour protection or repair shall be limited to 50 linear feet either side of
the outside edge of the bridge. Material shall be limited to clean rock, riprap, rock-filled wire
baskets or mattresses, or concrete contained by formwork for footing repair. Stabilization
materials shall not include gravel, sand, sediments, chert, soil, or other unconsolidated materials.
Materials to be discharged shall be free of pollutants, contaminants, toxic materials, hazardous
substances, waste metal, construction debris and trash, and other wastes as defined by T.C.A. 69-
3-103(18).
C - 22
3) Scour protection shall be designed and installed to prevent impairment of flow.
4) Scour protection shall not disrupt the movement of fish and aquatic life.
5) Bank shaping shall be limited to that necessary for placement of scour repair materials.
6) Where practicable, excavation activities shall be accomplished in the dry. All surface water
flowing towards the excavation shall be diverted through utilization of cofferdams and/or berms.
Cofferdams and berms must be constructed of sandbags, clean rock, steel sheeting, or other non -
erodible material. Clean rock is rock of various type and size, depending upon application, that
contains no fines, soils, or other wastes or contaminants.
7) No excavated material may be placed in the existing stream channels. Excavated material must be
removed to a location that will prevent its reentry into waters of the State.
8) Water from work areas and excavations must be held in settling basins or treated by filtration prior
to its discharge into surface waters. Water must be held in settling basins until at least as clear as
the waters upstream of the construction site. Settling basins shall not be located closer than 20 feet
from the water line. Settling basins and traps shall be properly designed according to the size of
the drainage areas or volume of water to be treated.
necessary for placement of the scour protection materials. Unnecessary vegetation removal is
prohibited. All disturbed areas shall be riprapped, sodded, or seeded and mulched within 30 days
of disturbance. Seeding shall include a combination of annual grains and grasses, legumes, and
perennial grasses. Lime and fertilizer shall be applied as needed to achieve a vegetative cover.
10) Streams shall not be used as transportation routes for heavy equipment. Crossings shall be limited
to one point and erosion control measures must be utilized where stream banks are disturbed.
Crossings shall be constructed of clean rock and shall be sufficiently designed to convey flow
without any impairment. Clean rock is rock of various type and size, depending upon application,
that contains no fines, soils, or other wastes or contaminants.
11) Construction debris shall be kept from entering the stream channel and shall be disposed of in a
manner that shall not impact any waters of the State.
C - 23
GENERAL PERMIT FOR UTILITY LINE CROSSINGS OF STREAMS
Construction, maintenance, repair, rehabilitation or replacement of utility line crossings of streams is

hereby permitted without notification requirement, provided the activity is done in accordance with the
terms and conditions of this general permit. For the purpose of this general permit, bodies of water defined
as navigable pursuant to Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 are subject to different
restrictions than all other waters regarding the specific construction methodologies to be employed. This
general permit cannot be used to authorize multiple crossings of the same stream by gravity sewers.
Exclusions
(a) where wetlands will be affected by the proposed work, except as provided for in item three of the
special terms and conditions below;
Waters;
(d) where the proposed project involves multiple crossings of the same stream by gravity sewers;
Utility line crossing projects not qualifying for authorization by this general permit may be authorized by
Notification
Notification to the Division is required prior to commencing construction for utility line crossings and
maintenance conducted in accordance with this general permit. Work may commence without written
authorization from the Division. However it is the applicant’s responsibility to assure that all of the terms
and conditions of this general permit are met.
Special Terms and Conditions
1) Where the activity is located in waters which are not navigable pursuant to § 10, excavation and
fill activities shall be separated from flowing waters. All surface water flowing toward the
excavation or fill work shall be diverted, piped or flumed to the downstream side of the work. This
can be accomplished through utilization of cofferdams or constructed berms in conjunction with a
pipe or flume. Cofferdams must be constructed of sandbags, clean rock, steel sheeting or other
non-erodible material. Clean rock is rock of various type and size, depending upon application,
that contains no fines, soils, or other wastes or contaminants.
2) Where the activity is located in waters defined as navigable pursuant to § 10 of the Rivers and
Harbors Act of 1899, excavation and fill work may be accomplished within the water column.
3) Maintenance, repair and rehabilitation of existing facilities in wetlands is authorized under the
following special provisions:
C - 24
(a) the total amount of excavation or fill does not exceed fifty cubic yards;
(b) the wetlands alteration is located within the right of way of the existing facility; and
(c) fill activities for the construction of equipment access roads is not authorized in wetlands.
1) New utility line crossings shall be located such as to avoid permanent alteration or damage to the
integrity of the stream channel. Large trees, steep banks, rock outcroppings, etc. should be
avoided.
2) In the case of proposed gravity sewer lines and other utility lines that follow the stream gradient or
otherwise parallel the stream channel, the number of crossings shall be minimized. Where
cumulative impacts are likely because of numerous crossings, an individual permit may be
required.
3) The alignment of new utility line crossings shall intersect the stream channel as close to 90
degrees or as perpendicular as possible, and in no case less than 45 degrees angle from the
centerline of the stream.
4) In the case of small streams with a bedrock streambed that must be blasted to form a trench,
provision shall be made to prevent the loss of stream flow to fracturing of the bedrock. Where loss
of surface flow is likely to occur, an individual permit may be required.
7) Backfill activities must be accomplished in a manner that stabilizes the streambed and banks to
prevent erosion. Backfill materials shall consist of suitable materials free of contaminants. All
contours must be returned to pre-project conditions. The completed work may not disrupt or
impound stream flow.
contaminants.
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12) Construction debris must be kept from entering the stream channel.
14) Upon achievement of final grade, the disturbed streambank shall be stabilized with riprap or other
suitable material. All other disturbed soils must be stabilized and re-vegetated within 30 days by
sodding or seeding and mulching. Seed to be utilized shall include a combination of annual grains
and grasses, legumes, and perennial grasses. Lime and fertilizer shall be applied as needed to
achieve a vegetative cover.
15) Upon completion of construction, the stream shall be returned as nearly as possible to its original,
natural conditions.
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GENERAL PERMIT FOR STREAM RESTORATION AND HABITAT ENHANCEMENT
This general permit applies to the activities associated with the restoration of altered or degraded streams,
their banks and riparian lands. Riparian areas are the stream banks and adjacent low lying strip of land that
is frequently scoured by high waters. The riparian area may typically correspond with the floodway. Stream
in this case includes lakes, rivers, creeks, and other watercourses, but does not include wetlands. Stream
restoration includes those activities that serve the purpose of restoring “natural” characteristics such as
hydrology and substrates, native vegetation, and habitat functions to altered and degraded stream channels
and riparian areas. Stream restoration activities include riparian revegetation, vegetative bank stabilization,
and in-stream habitat improvement structures and activities. Authorized structures include, but are not
limited to current deflectors, log sill structures, low head dams, bank crib units, rock substrates and boulder
clusters. These structures and the activities necessary to their installation are hereby permitted by this
general permit, provided the activities are done according to the general terms and conditions below.
Exclusions
Waters;
Stream restoration and habitat enhancement projects not qualifying for authorization by this general permit
may be authorized by individual permit provided all requirements of the Tennessee Water Quality Control
Act of 1977 are met.
Notification
Persons proposing to perform stream restoration activities in waters of State shall notify the Division by
submission of an application, which includes the following minimum information:
(b) a single copy of construction plans which includes specifications for proposed stream channel
alterations and pollution control methods or structures.
Stream restoration activities shall not commence until the Division issues written notification that the
proposal may proceed in accordance with the terms of this general permit or issues an individual permit.
1) Excavation, dredging, bank reshaping or grading shall be limited to the minimum necessary to
install authorized structures or prepare the bank for revegetation. These activities are prohibited
from taking place directly in the water column, except where necessary to key into the stream
bank in-stream structures such as log-sills, wing deflectors, k-dams and other similar structures.
In-stream excavation must be minimized and should not result in more than an insignificant
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increase in turbidity or suspended solids and under no circumstance result in harm or detriment to
fish and aquatic life or other classified uses of waters of the state.
2) All materials to be discharged or placed below ordinary high water must be free of pollutants,
contaminants, toxic materials, trash, creosote treated timbers, or other wastes as defined by T.C.A.
69- 3-103(18).
3) Equipment that will cause the least damage to the environment shall be selected for performing
stream restoration. First consideration shall be given to the use of hand operated equipment such
as shovels, axes, chain saws, and winches. Bank shaping may be accomplished by small tractors,
backhoes, small trackhoes, and small bulldozers. However, no work by larger equipment is
authorized.
4) Where practicable, access to each area shall be made at one point only, limiting disruption of trees
and other stream cover to an area less than twenty feet wide.
necessary for grading work and equipment operations. Unnecessary vegetation removal is
prohibited. All disturbed areas shall be properly revegetated as soon as practicable.
9) Upon achievement of final grade, all disturbed areas must be stabilized and revegetated within 30
days using appropriate native riparian species. Seed to be utilized shall include a combination of
native species of annual grains and grasses, legumes, and perennial grasses. Lime and fertilizer
shall be applied as needed to achieve a vegetative cover.
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GENERAL PERMIT FOR THE ALTERATION OF WET WEATHER CONVEYANCES
Wet weather conveyances are defined in Rule 1200-4-3-.04 of the Rules of the Tennessee Department of
Environment and Conservation. Wet weather conveyances are man-made or natural watercourses,
including natural watercourses that have been modified by channelization, that flow only in direct response
to precipitation runoff in their immediate locality, the channels of which are above the groundwater table
and which do not support fish or aquatic life and are not suitable for drinking water supplies. Rule 1200 -4-
3-.02(7) requires that waters designated as wet weather conveyances shall be protective of wildlife and
humans that may come in contact with them and maintain standards applicable to all downstream waters.
No other use classification or water quality criteria apply to these waters.
Notification
Activities which result in the alteration of wet weather conveyances are hereby permitted without
notification to the Division provided the general terms and conditions of this general permit are followed.
1) The activity may not result in the discharge of waste or other substances that may be harmful to
humans or wildlife.
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GENERAL PERMIT FOR RELOCATION OF INTERMITTENT STREAMS
This general permit allows relocation of up to 500 feet of intermittent stream channel. In the case of this
general permit, intermittent streams are defined as natural or man made watercourses that cease to flow for
sustained periods during a normal rainfall year. Intermittent streams typically cease flow during the later
summer through the fall months, although some may exhibit no flow in the channel during wetter months.
Length of relocations is measured along the centerline of the channel. Relocation of intermittent streams is
hereby permitted provided the activity is done in accordance with the terms and conditions below.
Exclusions
(a) when a portion of the activity is located in a component of the national wild and scenic river
system, a state scenic river, or waters designated as high quality waters such as trout streams or
outstanding national resource waters subject to The Tennessee Antidegradation Statement, Rule
1200-4-3-.06;
(b) where the activity is likely to adversely affect wetlands;
(c) when the activity is located in a waterway which has been identified by the Department as having
(d) when the project will adversely affect a species formally listed on state or federal lists of
Notification
Persons proposing to relocate up to 500 linear feet of an intermittent stream channel shall apply for
coverage to the Division by submission of an original, signed notification which includes the following
(b) a single copy of construction plans which includes specifications for proposed stream channel
alterations and pollution control methods or structures.
Work within the stream channel shall not commence until the Division issues written notification that the
proposal may proceed in accordance with the terms of this general permit or issues an individual permit.
1) The relocation activity may only be commenced where there is no flow in the channel and where
sustained flow is not likely to recur during the period of construction. Work may only commence
during seasonally dry periods in the case of intermittent streams that exhibit seasonal flow, or
regardless of season in the case of channels that flow only periodically.
2) Relocated channels must be constructed to a stable condition which replicates pre-existing

conditions or returns the channel to a more natural condition in terms of channel shape,
dimensions, and substrate.
3) Provision must be made for the conveyance of water through the watercourse during construction,
utilizing the original channel or lined diversion channels, etc., to prevent pollution of the
stormwater runoff through the watercourse.
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4) Backfill activities must be accomplished in a manner that stabilizes the streambed and banks to
prevent erosion. Backfill materials shall consist of suitable materials free of contaminants. The
completed work may not disrupt or impound stream flow.
5) Erosion and sediment control measures are required where soil will be disturbed. The control
measures must be in place before earthmoving operations begin, maintained throughout the
construction period and repaired, if necessary, after rainfall. Control measures such as straw bales
and/or silt fence must be installed along the base of all fills and cuts, on the down hill side of stock
piled soil, and along the waterbody in cleared areas to prevent movement of sediments into the
waters. They must be installed parallel to the waterbody, entrenched and staked, and extend the
width of the area to be cleared.
contaminants.
7) Excavated materials, construction debris, and other wastes shall be removed to an upland site and
disposed in such a manner as to prevent the materials from entering the watercourse down stream
of the work site.
8) All materials to be discharged or placed within the waterway below the ordinary high water level
must be free of pollutants, contaminants, toxic materials, trash, creosote treated timbers, or other
wastes as defined by T.C.A. 69-3-103(18).
12) Prior to commencing work under this general permit any necessary authorization must be obtained
by the applicant pursuant to applicable provisions of §404 of the Clean Water Act and §26a of The
Tennessee Valley Authority Act.
13) Upon achievement of final grade, the disturbed streambank shall be stabilized with bioengineering
methods, riprap or other suitable material. All other disturbed soils must be stabilized and re-
vegetated within 30 days by sodding or seeding and mulching. Seed to be utilized shall include a
combination of annual grains and grasses, legumes, and perennial grasses. Lime and fertilizer shall
be applied as needed to achieve a vegetative cover.
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GENERAL PERMIT FOR MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES
This general permit allows the maintenance of existing, previously authorized, currently serviceable,
structures or fills such as dams, intake and outfall structures, utilities, culverts, etc. This general permit also
authorizes the excavation of accumulated sediments and debris in the vicinity of existing structures such as
bridges, culverted road crossings, and intake and outfall structures. Correspondingly, the placement of new
or additional riprap to protect the structure is authorized. Currently serviceable means useable as is or with
some maintenance, but not so degraded as to essentially require reconstruction. Minor deviations in the
structure’s configuration or filled area including those due to changes in materials, construction techniques,
or current construction codes or safety standards which are necessary to make the repair, rehabilitation, or
replacement are permitted. Maintenance activities are hereby permitted by this general permit, provided the
activity is done according to the terms and conditions of this general permit.
Exclusions
(b) the structure or fill is to be put to uses differing from its original use or those uses specified in its
original permit;
(c) when the activity is located in any waterway which is identified by the Department as having
(d) where the activity is located in a component of the National Wild and Scenic River System, a State
Scenic River, or waters designated as Outstanding National Resource Waters;
Maintenance activities not qualifying for authorization by this general permit may be authorized by
Notification
1) Notification to the Division is not required where the work involves excavation of accumulated
bedload and unconsolidated sediments from within culverts, and for a distance of one hundred feet
up and down stream.
2) Notification to the Division is required of persons planning to conduct maintenance activities other
than as specified in item one of this section. Notification shall be in the form of an original, signed
document which includes the following minimum information:
(a) a map showing the exact location of the proposed work; and
(b) a single copy of construction plans or drawings which includes all dimensions and
specifications for the proposed work.
Work shall not commence until the applicant has been notified by the Division that the activity may
proceed under the general permit.
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The following general terms and conditions apply to all activities authorized by this general permit.
1) The dredging or excavation of sediment shall be limited to the minimum necessary to restore the
waterway in the immediate vicinity of the structure to the approximate dimensions that existed
when the structure was built, but cannot extend further than 100 feet in any direction from the
structure.
2) The placement of riprap must be the minimum necessary to protect the structure, or to ensure the
safety of the structure.
69- 3-103(18).
4) Dredged materials shall be removed to an upland site and disposed in such a manner as to prevent
reentry to waters of the State.
provisions of §10 of The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1897, §404 of the Clean Water Act and §26a
of The Tennessee Valley Authority Act.
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GENERAL PERMIT FOR SAND AND GRAVEL DREDGING
This general permit applies to the excavation of dry gravel bars from streams and rivers for the purpose of
gravel or sand recovery. Gravel and sand dredging is hereby permitted provided it is done in accordance
with all terms and conditions of this general permit.
Exclusions
(c) where the activity is located in a component of the National Wild and Scenic River System, a State
Sand and gravel dredging projects not qualifying for authorization by this general permit may be authorized
by individual permit provided all requirements of the Tennessee Water Quality Control Act of 1977 are
met.
Notification
1) Notification and approval is not required where dredged sand or gravel is to be collected from and
used on a private farm or residence, and where any trees growing on the gravel bar are less than
two inches in diameter.
2) Notification to the Division is required for persons other than those covered by part one of this
section proposing to dredge sand and gravel in waters of the State. Notification shall be in the
form of an original, signed document which includes a work plan with the following minimum
information:
(a) a map showing the exact location of the proposed dredging site; and
(b) a sketch or drawing of the gravel deposit in relation to the stream, including the access
point.
Dredging shall not commence until the Division issues written notification that the proposal may proceed in
accordance with the terms of this general permit or issues an individual permit.
General terms and conditions
The following general terms and conditions apply to all sand and gravel dredging activities authorized by
this general permit.
1) This general permit does not authorize the discharge of any substance into waters of the State, for
any purpose, including dredged or fill material.
2) Authorization by this general permit does not relieve the applicant from requirements of other
applicable federal, state, and local law.
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3) This general permit does not authorize the removal of material from streams for the purpose of
flood control or channelization.
4) The operation shall be conducted in the dry. Excavation equipment shall operate outside the
stream flow at all times. A berm of at least five feet in width shall be left between the work area
and the stream flow, or of such width as necessary to separate the excavation from the water in the
stream. Berm is defined here as natural undisturbed material that is left between the dredging area
and the stream.
5) Sand, gravel or other material shall not be excavated or removed below the approximate water
level of the stream at the time of dredging.
6) Access to the work area shall be made at one point only, limiting disruption of trees and other
stream cover to an area less than 20 feet wide.
7) Stream crossings shall be limited to a single right angle crossing directly adjacent to the gravel
bar, or the most direct feasible route that minimizes impact to the stream.
9) Measures shall be taken to prevent erosion and sedimentation. When work is completed in an area,
normal physical characteristics of the work area shall be recreated to the extent that machinery can
do so without causing additional disturbance. This shall be accomplished by grading the site to
smooth contours without disturbing the berm or its bank.
10) Vegetation and debris disturbed during dredging or dredge site preparation shall be removed to an
upland location and placed in such a manner as to prevent re-entry into the stream.
11) Dredged material shall not be stored or stockpiled on the gravel bed or in the streambed.
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GENERAL PERMIT FOR BANK STABILIZATION ACTIVITIES
This general permit allows the repair and protection of eroded stream banks. Bank stabilization activities
typically include grading of the stream bank to the appropriate slope in conjunction with placement of
riprap or application of bioengineering techniques. Bioengineering involves the use of cedar tree
revetments, rock or log current deflection weirs, live willow post application, log crib structures and other
techniques that incorporate primarily materials found in the natural riparian environment. Bio-engineering
is the preferred method and is permitted without notification where no work is done instream with
mechanized equipment or where the work is done in accordance with an approved bio-engineering plan
from the United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service. Bank
stabilization activities are hereby permitted provided the activity is done in accordance with the terms and
conditions below.
Exclusions
(c) when the project will adversely affect a species formally listed on State or Federal lists of
(d) when an individual permit is required.
Bank stabilization projects not qualifying for authorization by this general permit may be authorized by
Notification
1) No notification to the Division is required where the length of stream bank to be treated is less
than three times the top-of-bank width of the stream channel, not to exceed a total length of fifty
feet; and where the total volume of soil, sand or gravel disturbed or re-deposited is less than ten
cubic yards. Bank stabilization work conducted in accordance with this provision is limited to one
site per 1000 linear feet of stream, and may be done only once without notification.
2) No notification to the Division is required where the work is done and maintained in accordance
with a bio-engineering plan developed or approved by the United States Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service, or where recognized bio-engineering
techniques are used and no work is done instream with mechanized equipment.
3) Notification to the Division is not required where the activity is located within water resource
development project lands and waters, including flowage easement, managed by the Tennessee
Valley Authority or the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. However, prior to commencement of
construction, the applicant must have received any necessary authorizations pursuant to applicable
provisions of §10 of The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, §404 of The Clean Water Act and §26a
4) Except as provided in item one of this section, notification must be submitted to the Division
where the primary bank protection is not conventional bioengineering techniques and the activity
is not located within water resource development project lands and waters, including flowage
easement, managed by the Tennessee Valley Authority or the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Notification shall be in the form of an original, signed document which includes the following
C - 36
(b) a single copy of construction plans or drawings which includes all dimensions and
specifications for the proposed work.
Work shall not commence until the applicant has been notified that the activity may proceed under the
general permit.
The following general terms and conditions apply to all bank stabilization activities authorized by this
general permit.
1) The unnecessary removal of living trees and other riparian vegetation which help comprise the
integrity of the stream bank or which help provide canopy or shade to the waters; or, the
placement of fill which would otherwise injure or damage stream side vegetation is not authorized
by this general permit.
2) Grading, sloping, dredging or reshaping of the stream banks or bed shall be limited to the
minimum necessary to accommodate stabilization and armoring materials.
3) The placement of riprap is limited to 300 linear feet of stream bank. Vegetative or bioengineering
methods of bank stabilization are not subject to this restriction.
4) Material may not be placed in such location or manner so as to impair surface water flow into or
out of any wetland area.
5) The activity may not be conducted in a manner that would permanently disrupt the movement of
aquatic life.
6) Materials used in stabilization shall include clean rock, riprap or anchored trees or other non-
erodible materials found in the natural environment. Except for activities covered by item one of
the notification section, stabilization materials shall not include gravel, sand, sediments, chert,
soil, or other materials that are likely to erode. Materials used in bank stabilization projects shall
be free of contaminants, including toxic pollutants, hazardous substances, waste metal,
construction debris, organic materials, etc.
9) Vegetation and debris disturbed by activity at the construction site shall be removed from the site
to such a location so as to prevent reentry into the waterway.
10) Upon achievement of final grade, all disturbed soil areas must be stabilized and re-vegetated
within 30 days by sodding or seeding and mulching. Seed to be utilized shall include a
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combination of annual grains and grasses, legumes, and perennial grasses. Lime and fertilizer shall
be applied as needed to achieve a vegetative cover.
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GENERAL PERMIT FOR SURVEYING AND GEOTECHNICAL EXPLORATION
This general permit authorizes scientific surveys and geotechnical exploration in waters of the state. It is
intended to allow activities such as core sampling, seismic exploratory operations, soil survey and
sampling, and historic resources surveys. This permit also allows the placement and operation of scientific
measurement devices such as staff gages, water recording devices, water quality testing and improvement
devices and similar structures. Drilling and excavation for test wells for oil and gas exploration is not
authorized by this general permit. Surveying and geotechnical exploration is hereby permitted by this
general permit, provided the activity is done according to the terms and conditions.
Exclusions
threatened or endangered species;
(e) where the proposed activity is drilling and excavation for test wells for oil and gas exploration; or
Surveying and geotechnical exploration activities not qualifying for authorization by this general permit
may be authorized by individual permit provided all requirements of the Tennessee Water Quality Control
Act of 1977 are met.
Notification
Notification to the Division is not required for surveying and geotechnical exploration activities conducted
in accordance with this general permit. However, all of the general terms and conditions below apply.
provisions of §10 of The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1897, §404 of the Clean Water Act and §26a
69- 3-103(18).
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filtration prior to its discharge into surface waters. Water must be held in sediment basins until at
the water line. Settling basins and traps shall be properly designed according to the size of the
drainage areas or volume of water to be treated.
8) Surveying or geotechnical exploration activities conducted in navigable waters must be conducted

in a manner that does not interfere with navigation.
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GENERAL PERMIT FOR MINOR DREDGING
This general permit allows minor dredging and filling activities within reservoirs managed by the Corps of
Engineers and the Tennessee Valley Authority. Minor dredging activities typically include, but are not
limited to, excavation of the lakebed to establish boat access by both private and commercial marinas and
boathouses. Minor filling activities typically include fill for marina and boathouse construction. For the
purposes of this general permit minor dredging is defined as projects where the total quantity of material
excavated within the water column does not exceed 200 cubic yards, and total excavation or fill below
ordinary high water does not exceed 500 cubic yards. Minor dredging and fill activities within water
resource development project lands and waters, including flowage easement, managed by the Tennessee
Valley Authority or the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers are hereby permitted by this general permit,
provided the activity is done according to the terms and conditions of this general permit.
Notification
Notification to the Division is not required for minor dredging and filling activities within reservoirs
managed by the Corps of Engineers and the Tennessee Valley Authority conducted in accordance with this
general permit. However, all of the general terms and conditions below apply.
Exclusions
Minor dredging activities not qualifying for authorization by this general permit may be authorized by
1) Prior authorization must be obtained by the applicant pursuant to applicable provisions of §10 of
The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1897, §404 of the Clean Water Act and §26a of The Tennessee
Valley Authority Act.
2) Excavation or fill within the water column cannot exceed 200 cubic yards of material, and total
excavation or fill below ordinary high water cannot exceed 500 cubic yards.
69- 3-103(18).
4) Dredged materials shall be removed to an upland site and disposed in such a manner as to prevent
reentry to waters of the State.
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5) Erosion and sedimentation control measures are required where soil will be disturbed. The control
piled soil, and along the lake shore in cleared areas to prevent movement of sediments into the
waters. They must be installed parallel to the lakeshore, entrenched and staked, and extend the
filtration prior to its discharge into surface waters. Water must be held in sediment basins until at
least as clear as the receiving waters. Sedimentation basins shall not be located on the bank closer
than 20 feet from the water line. Sediment basins and traps shall be properly designed according to
the size of the drainage areas or volume of water to be treated.
9) Upon achievement of final grade, all disturbed areas above ordinary high water must be stabilized
and re-vegetated within 30 days by sodding or seeding and mulching. Seed to be utilized shall
include a combination of annual grains and grasses, legumes, and perennial grasses. Lime and
fertilizer shall be applied as needed to achieve a vegetative cover.
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GENERAL PERMIT FOR ALTERATION AND RESTORATION OF INTERMITTENT
STREAMS ASSOCIATED WITH MINING
This general permit allows alteration of ephemeral and intermittent streams associated with surface mining
activities in the Cumberland Mountain and Cumberland Plateau ecoregions in Tennessee. The Department
has determined that upper watersheds within these ecoregions meet criteria that affords mitigation in the
form of restoration of the ephemeral stream reaches and conversion of intermittent reaches to emergent
This general permit is intended to provide the mining industry with a planning tool and to provide longterm
restoration of watersheds that range in size from 0-60 acres. This permit provides a mechanism for the
establishment of aquatic habitats through the conversion of existing sediment control structures to an
emergent marsh area that includes establishment of aquatic habitats and riparian zones as mitigation. The
restoration plan must provide surface drainage continuity to the downstream, unmined reach. The approved
mitigation plan must be completed as a post-mining or reclamation condition. Alteration of ephemeral and
intermittent streams within the Cumberland Mountain and Cumberland Plateau ecoregions is hereby
permitted provided the activity is completed in accordance with the terms and conditions below.
Exclusions
Alterations of ephemeral and intermittent streams associated with surface mining activities in the
Cumberland Mountain and Cumberland Plateau ecoregions not qualifying for authorization by this general
permit may be authorized by individual permit provided all requirements of the Tennessee Water Quality
Control Act of 1977 are met.
Notification
1) The applicant shall apply for coverage to the Division by submitting an original, signed
application which includes the following minimum information:
(b) a single copy of construction plans and which includes all dimensions and specifications
for the proposed work including all items outlined below.
2) The applicant must have submitted an application for a coal mine permit issued by the Federal
Office of Surface Mining and/or an NPDES permit issued by the Department. These permit
numbers must be provided on the application.
3) The notification must include pre-mining conditions and information and post-mining aquatic
conditions.
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4) The applicant may use maps from the SMCRA or NPDES permit applications to indicate the
location of the proposed target watershed(s) and for pond design information.
5) The mitigation for the impacted aquatic resource will consist of a marsh/wetland area with the size
calculated by measuring the stream length proposed for alteration (both the blue line and the
dashed line) from the applicable USGS quadrangle map and multiplying that length by the
bankfull stage stream width at the lowest point of the proposed disturbance. The square footage of
water surface calculated in this manner is the area that must be mitigated at a 3:1 ratio.
6) Hydrology sources must be identified and must include both primary (surface run-off) and
secondary (ground water) sources. Any hydrology model runs with discharge calculations to
support water budgets should be included. Groundwater sources may be "French drain" outlets
with estimated discharge volumes.
7) The applicant must include sediment basin design plans that include the plan view and cross
sections with spillway elevations to sustain a maximum depth of four feet and side slope depth of
18" to 0". (Basin geometry may require minor cut and fill areas to achieve the desired elevations
when the basins are created from the existing sediment control structures.)
8) Construction shall not commence until the Division issues written notification that the proposal
may proceed in accordance with the terms of this general permit, or issues an individual permit.
1) Prior authorization must be obtained by the applicant pursuant to applicable provisions of §404 of
the Clean Water Act and §26a of The Tennessee Valley Authority Act.
2) The wetland / marsh area must provide aquatic habitat enhancements such as logs and rock piles.
3) Native tree and shrub species must be planted adjacent and contiguous to the fringe emergent
wetland including inlet channels. This riparian zone should be planted on ten foot centers with
twelve foot rows and should extend fifty feet from wetted edge. Tree composition should include
at least 50% hard mast. Light seeded species should be avoided.
4) The channel below the wetland must be constructed to replicate the pre-existing condition or
return the drainway to a more natural condition in terms of shape and substrate.
5) All materials, construction debris, and other wastes shall be removed to an upland site and
disposed in such a manner as to prevent the materials from entering the watercourse down stream
from the work site.
8) The applicant must contact the Division at the completion of the project milestones and upon
completion of the project.
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GENERAL PERMIT FOR WETLANDS RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT
This general permit authorizes wetland restoration and enhancement activities in waters of the state. It is
intended to allow restoration and enhancement of altered and degraded wetlands. Restoration activities are
typically associated with activities such as greenway development, compensatory mitigation activities,
habitat enhancement and watershed protection. Such activities include installation and maintenance of
small water control structures, dikes, and berms; backfilling of existing drainage structures; construction of
small nesting islands; plowing and disking for seed bed preparation; and other related activities.
Exclusions
(a) when the activity is located in any waterway which is identified by the Department as
having contaminated sediments, and where the proposed work will likely mobilize the
contaminants;
(b) where the activity is located in a component of the National Wild and Scenic River
System, a State Scenic River, or waters designated as Outstanding National Resource
Waters;
(c) when the project will adversely affect a species formally listed on State or Federal lists of
(d) when an individual permit is required.
Wetland restoration activities not qualifying for authorization by this general permit may be authorized by
Notification
The applicant shall apply for coverage to the Division by submission of an original, signed application,
which includes the following minimum information:
(a) a map showing the exact location of the proposed work, and
(b) a single copy of construction plans or drawings which includes all dimensions and specifications
for the proposed work.
general permit or with any special conditions imposed by the Division.
1) Prior authorization must be obtained, when necessary, by the applicant pursuant to applicable
69- 3-103(18).
and/or silt fence must be installed along the base of all fills and cuts, on the down hill side of
stockpiled soil, and along the waterbody in cleared areas to prevent movement of sediments into
C - 45
the waters. They must be installed parallel to the waterbody, entrenched and staked, and extend the
C - 46
GENERAL PERMIT FOR IMPOUNDMENT OF INTERMITTENT STREAMS
This general permit allows construction of a dam and impoundment of up to 500 feet of intermittent stream
channel. In the case of this general permit, intermittent streams are defined as natural or man made
watercourses that cease to flow for sustained periods during a normal rainfall year. Intermittent streams
typically cease flow during the later summer through the fall months, although some may exhibit no flow in
the channel during wetter months.
Exclusions
Dam construction activities not qualifying for authorization by this general permit may be authorized by
Notification
Persons shall apply for coverage to the Division by submission of an original, signed notification that
includes the following minimum information:
(a) a map showing the exact location of the proposed work, and
(b) a single copy of construction plans or drawings which includes all dimensions and specifications
for the proposed work.
general permit.
1) Prior authorization must be obtained, when necessary, by the applicant pursuant to applicable
2) The work may only be commenced where there is no flow in the channel and where sustained
flow is not likely to recur during the period of construction. Work may only commence during
seasonally dry periods in the case of intermittent streams that exhibit seasonal flow, or regardless
of season in the case of channels that flow only periodically.
3) Provision must be made for the conveyance of water through the watercourse during construction,
utilizing the original channel or lined diversion channels, etc., to prevent pollution of the
stormwater runoff through the watercourse.
C - 47
contaminants.
10) Upon achievement of final grade, the disturbed streambank shall be stabilized with riprap or other
suitable material. All other disturbed soils must be stabilized and re-vegetated within 30 days by
sodding or seeding and mulching. Seed to be utilized shall include a combination of annual grains
and grasses, legumes, and perennial grasses. Lime and fertilizer shall be applied as needed to
achieve a vegetative cover.
C - 48
APPENDIX D.
SOURCES OF ADDITONAL INFORMATION
TDEC Environmental Assistance Centers:
Water Pollution Control Central Office (may be used by TVA and TDOT):

DIVISION OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL, PERMIT SECTION
STORM WATER NOI PROCESSING
TH
6 FLOOR, L & C ANNEX
401 CHURCH STREET
615-532-0625
Fayette, Shelby, and Tipton Counties:

2510 MT MORIAH ROAD SUITE E-645
MEMPHIS, TN 38115-1520
901-368-7939
Benton, Carroll, Chester, Crockett, Decatur, Dyer, Gibson, Hardeman, Hardin, Haywood,
Henderson, Henry, Lake, Lauderdale, McNairy, Madison, Obion, Weakly counties:

362 CARRIAGE HOUSE DRIVE
JACKSON, TN 38305-2222
731-512-1300
Cheatham, Davidson, Dickson, Houston, Humphreys, Montgomery, Robertson, Rutherford,

Stewart, Sumner, Williamson, Wilson:

711 R.S. GASS BOULEVARD
NASHVILLE, TN 37243
615-687-7000
Bedford, Coffee, Franklin, Giles, Hickman, Lawrence, Lewis, Lincoln, Marshall, Maury, Moore,
Perry, Wayne:

2484 PARK PLUS DRIVE
COLUMBIA, TN 38401
931-380-3371
Cannon, Clay, Cumberland, DeKalb, Fentress, Jackson, Macon, Pickett, Putnam, Overton, Smith,
Trousdale, Van Buren, Warren, White:

1221 SOUTH WILLOW AVE
COOKEVILLE, TN 38506
931-432-4015
D-1
Bledsoe, Bradley, Grundy, Hamilton, McMinn, Marion, Meigs, Polk, Rhea, Sequatchie:

STATE OFFICE BUILDING SUITE 550
540 MCCALLIE AVE
CHATTANOOGA, TN 37402-2013
423-634-5745
Anderson, Blount, Campbell, Claiborne, Cocke, Grainger, Hamblen, Jefferson, Knox, Loudon,
Monroe, Morgan, Roane, Scott, Sevier, Union:

2700 MIDDLEBROOK PIKE SUITE 220
KNOXVILLE, TN 37921
865-594-6035
Carter, Greene, Hancock, Hawkins, Johnson, Sullivan, Unicoi, Washington Counties:

2305 SILVERDALE ROAD
JOHNSON CITY, TN 37601
423-854-5400
United States Army Corps of Engineers Offices:
Cumberland and Tennessee River Basins:
Nashville District Office:
U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

REGULATORY BRANCH
3701 BELL ROAD
NASHVILLE, TN 37214
Web address: http://www.orn.usace.army.mil/
Eastern Regulatory Field Office:

P.O. BOX 465
LENOIR CITY, TN 37771-0465
Western Regulatory Field Office:

2042 BELTLINE ROAD, SW
BLDG. C, SUITE 415
DECATUR, AL 35601
Mississippi River Basin:
D-2
Memphis District Office:

B-202 CLIFFORD DAVIS FEDERAL BUILDING
167 NORTH MAIN STREET
Web address: http://www.mvm.usace.army.mil/
Barren River Basin:
Louisville District Office:

600 DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.
LOUISVILLE, KY 40202-2232
Web address: http://www.lrl.usace.army.mil/
NPDES-Permitted Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) Municipalities:
CITY OF MEMPHIS
PUBLIC WORKS DIVISION/STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
125 NORTH MAIN STREET, ROOM 620
901-529-0237
Web address: http://www.ci.memphis.tn.us
NASHVILLE/DAVIDSON COUNTY
METRO DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS/NPDES PROGRAM
POINT PLACE BUSINESS PARK, SUITE 350
441 DONELSON PIKE
615-880-2420
Web address: http://www.nashville.org/pw/stormwater.html
CITY OF KNOXVILLE
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
CITY COUNTY BUILDING, SUITE 480
P.O. BOX 1631
KNOXVILLE, TN 37901-1631
865-215-2148
Web address: http://www.ci.knoxville.tn.us/engineering/
CITY OF CHATTANOOGA
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS/STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
1001 LINDSEY STREET
CHATTANOOGA, TN 37402
423-757-0039
D-3
Web address: http://www.chattanooga.gov/stormwater/index.htm
Various Web Resources:
Tennessee State Government: http://www.tennesseeanytime.org/
Department of Environment and Conservation: http://www.state.tn.us/environment
Tennessee Code Annotated (state laws):

http://198.187.128.12/tennessee/lpext.dll?f=templates&fn=fs-main.htm&2.0
Departmental Rules and Regulations (Water Pollution Control):

http://www.state.tn.us/sos/rules/1200/1200-04/1200-04.htm
Division of Forestry: http://www.state.tn.us/agriculture/forestry/
Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission: http://www.gaswcc.org/
Virginia Soil and Water Conservation (Erosion and Sediment Control):

http://www.dcr.state.va.us/sw/e&s.htm
Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation: http://www.sedlab.olemiss.edu/rusle/index.html
Tennessee Valley Authority: http://www.tva.gov/index.htm
Natural Resource Conservation Service: http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/
International Erosion Control Association: http://www.ieca.org/
EPA Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds: http://www.epa.gov/owow/
University of Tennessee Center for Industrial Services: http://www.cis.utk.edu/
D-4
REFERENCES
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 2001, Standard
Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing,
Geotextile Specification for Highway Applications: M 288, Washington, D.C.
Bureau of Reclamation, 1974, Hydraulic Design of Stilling Basins and Energy Dissipators, U.S.
Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.
Chattanooga Office of Storm Water Management, 2001, Storm Water Best Management
Practices Manual (Draft), City of Chattanooga Public Works Department, Chattanooga,
Tennessee.
Christopherson, R.W., 1997, Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, Prentice Hall,

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Denton, G.M., Vann, A.D., and Wang, S.H., eds., 2000, The Status of Water Quality in
Tennessee: Year 2000 305(b) Report, Tennessee Department of Environment and
Conservation, Nashville, Tennessee.
Federal Highway Administration, 1983, Hydraulic Design of Energy Dissipators for Culverts and
Channels: Hydraulic Engineering Circular 14, Washington, D.C.
Federal Highway Administration, 1988, Design of Roadside Channels with Flexible Linings:
Hydraulic Engineering Circular 15, Washington, D.C.
Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission, 2000, Manual for Erosion and Sediment
Control in Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
Knoxville Planning Division, 2001, Best Management Practices Manual, City of Knoxville
Engineering Department, Knoxville, Tennessee.
Maryland Water Resources Administration, 1983, 1983 Maryland Standards and Specifications
for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control, Maryland Department of the Environment,
Baltimore, Maryland.
Natural Resource Conservation Service, 1975, National Engineering Handbook (various

sections), U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
Renard, K.G., Foster, G.R., Weesies, G.A., McCool, D.K., Yoder, D.C., coordinators, 2001,
Predicting Soil Erosion by Water: A Guide to Conservation Planning With the Revised
Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), Agriculture Handbook No. 703, U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
Smolen, M.D., ed., 1988, North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design
Manual, North Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission, North Carolina Department
REF - 1
of Environment and Natural Resources and North Carolina Cooperative Extension
Service, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Tennessee Department of Transportation, Construction Division, 1995, Standard Specifications

for Road and Bridge Construction, Nashville, Tennessee.
Tennessee Department of Transportation, Design Division, 1981, English Standard Drawings,

Nashville, Tennessee.
Virginia Division of Soil and Water Conservation, 1992, Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control
Handbook, Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Richmond, Virginia.
Wang, S. and Grubbs, K., eds., 1992, Tennessee Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook,
Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Nashville, Tennessee.
REF - 2

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TENNESSEE

EROSION & SEDIMENT

EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL HANDBOOK

A Guide for Protection of State Waters

Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation

This handbook is prepared by the

We are grateful to the Georgia Soil

Numerous other agencies also

Table of Contents vii

Best Management Practices

Appendix A. Construction General Permit A-1

Appendix B. Example Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan B-1

Appendix C. Aquatic Resource Alteration Permit C-1

Appendix D. Sources of Additional Information D-1

Riparian Buffer Zone BF - 1

Effectiveness of Vegetative Buffer Strips BF - 2

DEFINITION provides a general buffer. It is useful to filter and

A natural strip of vegetation should be

Effectiveness of Vegetative Buffer • Zone 3 The upper 20 feet should be

Table 1 • Sheet flow should be encouraged at

• Zone 1 The first 20 feet nearest the

DEFINITION CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS

DEFINITION PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS

Seeding Dates Grass Seed Percentages

Topsoil: Topsoil should be friable and loamy, Broadcast plantings

Cubic Yards of Topsoil Required to Attain Various Soil Depths

Depth Per 1,000 Per Acre

PLANTING No-Till Seeding: No-till seeding is permissible

DEFINITION • Reduced failure as compared to

LAY SOD ACROSS THE

USE STAKES OR STAPLES TO FASTEN SOD

BUTTING - ANGLED ENDS

ROLL SOD IMMEDIATELY WATER TO A DEPTH MOW WHEN THE SOD IS

APPEARANCE OF GOOD SOD

SHOOTS OR GRASS BLADES.

THATCH - GRASS CLIPPINGS AND

ROOT ZONE - SOIL AND ROOTS.

DEFINITION of temporary vegetation are not appropriate for

Irrigation: During times of drought, water shall

Temporary Cover Seeding Mixtures

Seeding Dates Grass Seed Percentages

Source: TDOT Standard Specifications

DEFINITION greater, and cuts and fills within stream

Blankets are usually

Splice with geotextile

Geotextile may be necessary

Stakes or staples at recommended

UPHILL ANCHOR SLOT:

Overlap edges of the strips at least 3” (and preferably more for

ANCHOR SLOT (WITHIN A CHANNEL):

Check slots should be made every 50 feet on slopes and intermittent

ANCHORING ENDS AT STRUCTURES:

Place end of mat in a 12” deep slot at the side

Source: Knoxville Engineering Department

Anchor Trench at Structure Longitudinal Anchor Trench

Anchor trench at structure