Supreme Court of the Philippines

G.R. No. 94569

THIRD DIVISION
G.R. No. 94569, May 11, 1993
THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, VS. JOSE
TANILON Y PISALBON, ACCUSED-APPELLANT.

DECISION

MELO, J.:

Not satisfied with the judgment of conviction of the Regional Trial Court of
the Seventh Judicial Region (Branch 30, Dumaguete City) sentencing him to
suffer an imprisonment term for life and to pay a fine of P20,000.00 for
violation of Section 4, Article II of Republic Act 6425, otherwise known as
the Dangerous Drug Act of 1972, Jose Tanilon y Pisalbon comes to this
Court questioning said conviction, alleging in the process that the court a quo
erred in anchoring its verdict of conviction on the credibility of the witnesses
for the prosecution, thereby overlooking other matters of substance which
could have resulted in accused-appellant's acquittal.

The evidence for the prosecution discloses that, on account of numerous

reports of drug abuse in the province, M/Sgt. Renulfo T. Villamor, Jr.,
Officer-in-Charge of the Narcotics Command (NARCOM) in the provinces
of Negros Oriental and Siquijor ordered his men to conduct intelligence
operations and strict surveillance on persons suspected of being engaged in
the use or traffic of drugs. Among those persons is herein accused-appellant
Jose Tanilon y Pisalbon who was pointed out by civilian "informers" as
engaged in the sale of marijuana. After some days of discreet surveillance
and convinced of the veracity of the reports, M/Sgt. Renulfo T. Villamor, Jr.
called his operatives, Pfc. Wenefredo Noble, C2C Ohl S. Wolfe, and Pat.
Leon Quindo to his Office at about 7:30 o'clock on the evening of December
22, 1989 and briefed them on a buy-bust operation he wanted them to
undertake involving accused-appellant. Sgt. Villamor gave a P5 bill with
Serial No. NE 022509 (Exhibit "A") with his initials (Exhibit "A-1") affixed
on it to Pfc. Wenefredo Noble who would pose as a buyer and forthwith sent
Pfc Noble and C2C Wolfe to the Dumaguete City public market where
accused-appellant plied his trade. Arriving at the door of Bejar's Store, Pfc
Noble, with C2C Wolfe following discreetly about a meter behind, casually
approached accused-appellant and offered to buy two sticks of marijuana
cigarettes. Accused-appellant entered the store and came out about 5 minutes
later carrying two rolled sticks of cigarettes (Exhibits "E-1" and "E-2") which
he gave to Pfc Noble who in turn delivered to accused the marked P5 bill,
Exhibit "A" which accused-appellant right away inserted in his pocket.
Thereupon, Pfc Noble held accused-appellant by the arm, identified himself
as a NARCOM agent and placed accused-appellant under arrest. The holding
of the arm of the accused by Pfc Noble being a pre-arranged signal, C2C
Wolfe responded by approaching the two and assisted in the arrest by
handcuffing accused-appellant. Then, Pfc Noble and C2C Wolfe brought
accused-appellant to the NARCOM headquarters where Pfc Noble delivered
the two rolled sticks of cigarettes, Exhibits "E-1" and "E-2", to Pat. Leon
Quindo who was in charge of material evidence in drug cases. Accused-
appellant was ordered to empty his pockets and when he did, out came the
marked P5 bill which he received earlier from Pfc Noble. He was thereupon
detained and booked for violation of the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972. He
could not present any authority to possess and sell the two rolled sticks of
cigarettes (Exhibit "E-1" and "E-2").

The following morning, Pat. Quindo gave to M/Sgt. Villamor the two rolled
sticks of cigarettes, Exhibits "E-1" and "E-2", received by him from Pfc
Noble the previous night. Forthwith M/Sgt. Villamor conducted a test of the
rolled sticks through the "HASCHISH" (sic) method which resulted in the
presumptive finding of presence of Tetrahydro-canavenol or marijuana.
M/Sgt. Villamor then caused to be prepared the requisite Request for
Laboratory Examination addressed to the Commanding Officer of the PCCL
Crime Laboratory (Exhibit "C") which he personally delivered, together with
the two sticks of cigarettes, to the PC Crime Laboratory in Cebu City on
January 12, 1990 (Exhibit "D-2") for further examination. At the PC Crime
Laboratory, the specimens were subjected to microscopic, chemical, and
chromatographic examination by P/Sgt. Myrna P. Arreola, a Chemist, who
found the two sticks positive for marijuana (Exhibit "D-3"), a finding which
she embodied in her Chemistry Report No. C-011-90 (Exhibit "D")."

Accused-appellant, on the other hand, denied the charge and claimed that he
was a victim of a frame-up. He testified that on December 22, 1989 at around
8:00 o'clock in the evening, while he was doing his usual task at the Bejar
Store where he was then working, he was approached, held by the hand, and
arrested by Jun Villamor, Noble, and Quindo allegedly for selling marijuana.
The three men, whom he knew to be members of the police force, did not
show him any warrant of arrest or search warrant. Thereupon, he was taken to
the Old Police Station where he was asked to "put out all the things he had in
his body." He then took out his wallet, Residence Certificate, his I.D., and
S.S.S. card. Pat. Quindo asked him "where is your marijuana," to which he
replied, "I do not have any". Then Pat. Quindo took out two rolled sticks
from his drawer and showed it to accused-appellant, asking him if those
sticks belonged to him, to which he gave a negative answer. Thereupon,
accused-appellant was brought to the Rehabilitation Center where he was
detained. Four days later, he was brought to the Municipal Court in
Dumaguete City by Pfc. Noble and M/Sgt. Villamor. After 20 minutes, he
was taken back to the Rehabilitation Center.

After assessing the evidence of both parties, the Honorable Enrique C.

Garrovillo adjudged accused-appellant guilty beyond reasonable doubt of the
crime charged.

The Court supports the trial judge's decision in view of his superior
opportunity to observe the demeanor of the witnesses on the stand under
direct and cross-examination and thereby to assess properly their credibility.
The findings of facts of the trial judge who tried the case and heard the
witnesses, should not be disturbed on appeal and should be given
considerable weight and respect especially in regard to the credibility of
witnesses, since he was in a better position to observe the conduct and
deportment of the witnesses (People vs. Victor Olivas y Facundo, G.R. No.
101577, Nov. 13, 1992 citing People vs. Dilao, et al, 100 SCRA 358 [1980];
People vs. Cabrera, 100 SCRA 424 [1980]; People vs. Badeo, 204 SCRA 122
[1991]). In the absence of a showing that they were reached arbitrarily or
without sufficient basis, the factual findings of the trial judge are received
with much respect by and indeed are binding on this Court (People vs.
Jonathan Alban y Joshep, G.R. No. 97431, September 28, 1992).

The Court also accepts the findings of the trial court on the credibility of the
NARCOM agents who testified for the prosecution. The Court gives credence
to their narration of the incidents because they are law officers who are
presumed to have regularly performed their duty in the absence of convincing
proof to the contrary (par. M, Sec. 30, Rule 131 of the Revised Rules on
Evidence; People vs. Lopez, G.R. No. 102381, September 29, 1992).
Moreover, accused-appellant failed to present evidence sufficient to
overcome the clear, convincing, credible, and overwhelming evidence of the
prosecution.

The defense of accused-appellant that he was framed-up by the NARCOM

agents cannot be given credence. Such exculpatory version of his is hollow
and self-serving. In cases involving persons accused of being drug pushers or
sellers, almost always the defense is that the accused was framed-up by the
apprehending police officers. The Court realizes the disastrous consequences
on the enforcement of law and order, not to mention the well-being of
society, if the courts, solely on the basis of the rotten reputation of some
policemen, accept at every instance this form of defense which can be so
easily concocted and fabricated. Moreover, accused-appellant has not shown
any ill-motive on the part of the NARCOM agents to falsely accuse him of a
crime with serious repercussions. It is precisely for these reasons that we
have the legal presumption that official duty has been regularly performed
(People vs. Lopez, supra, citing People vs. Agapito, 154 SCRA 694; People
vs. Marcos, 185 SCRA 154).

If, as accused-appellant claims, he was arrested for no apparent reason, and to

which his employer protested, then the defense should have at least asked that
his employer be called to the witness stand to corroborate accused-appellant's
version. Inexplicably failing to do so, the defense may thus be properly
charged with suppressing evidence unfavorable to it.

Accused-appellant questions the trial court's finding that he became known as

a drug trafficker through civilian agents and by discreet surveillance, which
finding, he contends, is not borne out by the evidence adduced by the
prosecution. He maintains that it was only the accusing finger of an
unidentified informer that linked him to the reported drug-pushing activity in
the public market of Dumaguete City. But his pretended innocence has been
unmasked by the buy-bust operation conducted by the NARCOM agents on
which occasion he was caught red-handed selling marijuana to a poseur-
buyer. His claim of being tagged as drug-trafficker based on mere reports of
unidentified informants has been proved to be true by the buy-bust operation.
The method adopted by the NARCOM agents was entrapment which is not a
bar to prosecution and conviction and a means not contrary to law (People vs.
Lagasca, 148 SCRA 264 [1987]).

Impugning the credence accorded to the prosecution's evidence, accused-

appellant assails the version of the prosecution by pointing some
equivocations in the testimony of Pfc. Noble which accused-appellant says
are contrary to human behaviour and experience. Specifically, he cites the
absence of haggling between him and Pfc. Noble over the price of marijuana
sticks and his act of immediately placing the marked P5 bill in his pocket
even after Pfc. Noble had identified himself as agent.

It is unlikely for the parties in an illicit and covert deal, such as the sale of
prohibited stuff in a public place, to still haggle over the price considering
that such transaction is ordinarily and necessarily carried out in a very
discreet and surreptitious manner and with great dispatch, in order to avoid
possible detection by authorities. Also, drug pushers no longer set a price for
the prohibited commodity they are peddling since they expect their would-be
buyers to be familiar with the prevailing selling price of whatever prohibited
article or drug is being bought and sold. Besides, the absence of haggling
over the price of the marijuana sticks between accused-appellant and Pfc.
Noble was satisfactorily explained by the latter during his cross-examination,
thus:

Q - Why did you choose that number two (2) sticks of marijuana
cigarettes?
A - Because the money that was handed to me by M/Sgt. Villamor was
only P5.00 and the price is P2.50 per stick.
Q - You were the one who set the price?
A - The was the usual price of a marijuana stick of cigarette.
Q - You were very certain then that from him you would obtain it at P2.50
per stick?
A - Yes.
Q - There is not even a moment of haggling as to its price?
A - No, sir.
Q - Did you say to him that you would buy the 2 sticks of marijuana
cigarettes at P5.00?
A - No, sir.
Q - Did you not say to him that you would buy 2 sticks of marijuana
cigarettes?
A- Yes. (pp. 10-11, TSN, March 9, 1990).

To all appearances, the absence of any negotiation over the price of the
marijuana sticks only lends further credence to Pfc. Noble's version of the
incident.

With respect to the act of accused-appellant in placing the marked P5 bill in

his pocket even after Pfc. Noble had identified himself as a peace officer,
suffice it to state that having been effectively placed under arrest by Pfc.
Noble and C2C Wolfe, accused-appellant knew that it would be a futile
attempt on his part to suppress or do away with the marked money since such
desperate attempt could easily be frustrated by the duo.

Accused-appellant further contends that the testimony of Pfc. Noble does not
jibe with that of C2C Wolfe regarding the supposed marking of the P5 bill.
Pfc. Noble claimed that it was during the briefing in the office prior to the
buy-bust operation that M/Sgt. Villamor initialed the bill while C2C Wolfe
averred that he saw the marked bill for the first time during the buy-bust
operation. Any seeming inconsistency obviously refers to a minor detail and
does not in any way destroy the credibility of witnesses (People vs. delos
Pinas, 141 SCRA 379 [1986]). As long as the mass of testimony jibes on
material points, slight clashing statements neither dilute the witnesses'
credibility nor the veracity of their testimony (People vs. delos Santos, 200
SCRA 431 [1991]), for verily, it matters little at what time the P5 bill was
initialed -- the inculpatory fact is that it was received by accused-appellant as
the purchase price of two sticks of marijuana cigarettes.
Lastly, accused-appellant claims that when the NARCOM agents closed in to
arrest him, they were not armed with a warrant, be it for arrest, or for search
and seizure, hence his arrest and the consequent confiscation of the marked
money from him were illegal and unlawful for running afoul with the
constitutional injunction against warrantless arrests, searches and seizures
and all proceedings had thereafter are perforce, without lawful basis.

Having caught accused-appellant in flagrante delicto as a result of the buy-

bust operation, the NARCOM agents were not only authorized but were also
under obligation to apprehend the drug pusher even without a warrant of
arrest (People vs. Emmanuel Eligino, G.R. No. 70113-14, Dec. 11, 1992,
citing People vs. Paco, 170 SCRA 681 [1989]; People vs. Rodriguez, 172
SCRA 742 [1989]; People vs. Bali, 189 SCRA 97 [1990]). And since
accused-appellant's arrest was lawful, it follows that the search made
incidental thereto was valid (People vs. Emmanuel Eligino, supra, citing
People vs. Tangliben, 184 SCRA 220 [1990]).

The Court, taking into account the above considerations, sees no reason to
reverse the decision of the trial court.

WHEREFORE, the judgment under review is hereby AFFIRMED.

SO ORDERED.

Feliciano, (Chairman), Bidin, Davide, Jr., and Romero, JJ., concur.

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