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    Noun Phrases With and Without Of.: Professional English Ii

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    (1) Noun phrases can be expanded by adding modifiers such as determiners, numbers, adjectives, and other elements that provide more details about the noun. These modifiers come before or after the noun. (2) Adjectives are often added after determiners to expand the noun phrase. For example, "a cow" can be expanded to "an inquisitive cow". (3) Elements that come after the noun, called postmodifiers, include prepositional phrases, -ing phrases, relative clauses, that clauses, and to infinitives. Postmodifiers provide further description of the noun.

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    Noun Phrases With and Without Of.: Professional English Ii

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    GASU
    60 views36 pages
    (1) Noun phrases can be expanded by adding modifiers such as determiners, numbers, adjectives, and other elements that provide more details about the noun. These modifiers come before or after the noun. (2) Adjectives are often added after determiners to expand the noun phrase. For example, "a cow" can be expanded to "an inquisitive cow". (3) Elements that come after the noun, called postmodifiers, include prepositional phrases, -ing phrases, relative clauses, that clauses, and to infinitives. Postmodifiers provide further description of the noun.

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    (1) Noun phrases can be expanded by adding modifiers such as determiners, numbers, adjectives, and other elements that provide more details about the noun. These modifiers come before or after the noun. (2) Adjectives are often added after determiners to expand the noun phrase. For example, "a cow" can be expanded to "an inquisitive cow". (3) Elements that come after the noun, called postmodifiers, include prepositional phrases, -ing phrases, relative clauses, that clauses, and to infinitives. Postmodifiers provide further description of the noun.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    60 views36 pages

    Noun Phrases With and Without Of.: Professional English Ii

    Uploaded by

    GASU
    (1) Noun phrases can be expanded by adding modifiers such as determiners, numbers, adjectives, and other elements that provide more details about the noun. These modifiers come before or after the noun. (2) Adjectives are often added after determiners to expand the noun phrase. For example, "a cow" can be expanded to "an inquisitive cow". (3) Elements that come after the noun, called postmodifiers, include prepositional phrases, -ing phrases, relative clauses, that clauses, and to infinitives. Postmodifiers provide further description of the noun.

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    Noun phrases with and

    without of.
    PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH II

    JUDIT SARAI SARMIENTO PÁRRAGA


    9th WEEK – THIRD UNIT
    PURPOSE

     To recognize all elements that modify nouns to


    understand text in a correct way.
    El primer encuentro
    Es trascendental
    What are noun phrases?

    • Often a noun phrase is just a noun or a pronoun:

     People like to have money.


     I am tired.
    What are noun phrases?

     A noun phrase consists of a noun or pronoun, which is


    called the head, and any dependent words before
    noun or pronoun or after the head. Dependent words
    give specific information about the head.
    Dependent word(s) Head Dependent word(s)
    The moon
    A gold ring
    The red one
    Good food
    My own personal website
    That house there
    The longest river in the world
    A feeling of isolaton
    The tall, blonde woman we met at Joanna’s house
    Premodifiers

    • But noun phrases can also include:

    determiners:        Those houses are very expensive.


    quantifiers:          I've lived in a lot of houses.
    numbers:            My brother owns two houses.
    adjectives:          I love old houses.      

    • These parts of the noun phrase are called


    premodifiers because they go before the noun.
    We use premodifiers in this order:

    Determiners and Numbers Adjecties NOUNS


    quantfers
    The six   children
    Our   young children
      Six young children
    These six young children
    Some   young children
    All those six young children
    Their many   young children
    Articles:

    Indefinite articles : a/an The uses are:

    To say what something or somebody is

    This is a book I’m an engineer

    Jane’s a scientistHe’s a professor

    • To refer to a thing or person for the fist time

    She lives in an old farmhouse

    He’s going out with a model

    To refer to a thing or person when it doesn’t matter

    Can you lend me a pen?


    Articles:
    Definite article - the

    • To refer to a person or thing known to the speaker and the listener


    Have you got the car keys?

    The children are in the garden

    • To refer to a person or thing for the second time

    I got a book and a computer for Christmas . The book about Management Process. I haven’t
    unpacked the computer yet.

    Dave’s in the kitchen.


    • To refer to the only one there is

    The President of Peru advised to stay at home.

    The earth is older than we think

    The government in this country is an issue


    Articles:
    Definite article - the

    • To refer to things in our physical environment that we all know

    People always talk about the weather

    We can see the sea from our house.

    We’re going to the cinema tonight.


    • With superlatives

    You’re the best teacher!


    • With some place names

    The United States of America

    The Eiffel Tower

    The Pyramids of Egypt


    Articles:
    Zero article – no article (-) is used:
    •To refer to a things or people in general
    I like (-) cheese
    (-) Life is hard
    •In some common expressions.
    - places He’s at (-) work. She’s at (-) home
    - travelI travel by (-) car/bus/train.
    - meals We had (-) lunch at 12.00 What do you want for (-) dinner.
    - time I’ll do it (-) next week. I saw her (-) last year
    - academic subjects I’m not good at (-) maths.
    - games and sports I like (-) chess.
    • In some places names (countries and continents)

    We’ve travelled a lot in (-) Europe and (-) South America

    I live in (-) Real Avenue

    The plane left from (-) Jorge Chávez Airport.


    (1) a
    (2) an
    (3) The
    (4) a
    (5) -
    (6) the
    (7) the
    (8) -
    (9) a
    (10)the
    Possessives:

    Possessive adjectives and pronouns


    • Possessive adjectives are used with a noun,
    This is my brother business profits.
    You must come and see our new investment project.
    • Possessive pronouns are used on their own.
    Mine yours hishers ours theirs
    Don’t touch that accounting report! It’s mine.

    Can you bring those safety equipment?. They’re ours.


    All and every:
    All: All can be used in different ways

    • all + noun : All men are born equal.

    I’ve loved the Beatles all my life.

    • all + of + noun : I invite all of the students in my class.

    • all + adjective/adverb/preposition :

    I am all wet. She lives all alone.

    • Pronoun + all : She loves us all. We saw them all at the party

    • all + verb: We all support Manchestr United.

    My brothers all play soccer.


    All and every:

    1. All is not usually used to mean everybody/everything.


    All the people came to the party.
    Everybody came to day party
    NOT all came to the party
    She lost all her possessions in the fire.
    She lost everything in the fire.
    NOT she lost all in the fire.
    2. All can mean everything. But only in relative clauses.
    All I want for Christmas is you
    That’s all I need
    I’ve told you all I know.
    Every is used with a singular noun.
    Every student in the class passed the exam.
    I’ve been to every country in Europe.
    Exercise:
    1. Correct the mistakes in these sentences.
    1) I buy my all clothes in the market
    I buy all my clothes in the market
    Exercise:
    1. Correct the mistakes in these sentences.
    1) I buy all my clothes in the market
    2) All was stolen in the burglary
    3) Did they take any of your office equipment? “Yes, all”
    4) In my family we like all football.
    5) All enjoyed the party.
    6) All employees in my company work hard.
    Reflexive pronouns & each other:
    1. Reflexive pronouns are:
    myself yourself himself herself itself

    ourselves yourselves themselves

    2. We use reflexive pronouns:

    • When the subject and object are the same


    I cut myself shaving
    You could kill yourself
    • After prepositions
    You should be ashamed of yourself
    She looked at herself in the mirror
    • For emphasis
    I made this cake myself
    The manager himself interviewed me.
    Reflexive pronouns & each other:

    Each other:
    Each other expresses the idea of one to another.

    Peter and Sue looked at at each other.


    =(she looked at him, and he looked at her)

    We send each other birthday cards.


    = (I send to you, and you send to me.)
    Exercise:
    Complete with a reflexive pronoun or each other

    1) We love_________ and we’re going to get married.


    2) He’s crazy! He could have killed ___________ !
    3) Do you like the cake? I made it _________
    4) “Can you make me a cup of tea?” No! Do it ________”
    5) My colleagues get on well with ____________
    6) Please make ________ at home.
    7) We’re very different, but we understand _________
    8) The food’s all ready, so serve ___________ to whatever you want.
    Adding adjectives to noun
    phrase
    Adjectives:

    Expanded noun phrases Simple noun phrases

    Expanded noun phrases give  You add adjectves afer the 
    more detail than a simple noun  determiner to make an expanded 
    phrase. noun phrase 
     

    The tall, sporty girl This adds extra detail about the 
    noun. 
    determiner  adjectve noun Determiners are placed 
    before the noun and help to 
    describe it. 
    Adding Adjectives (example)
    Noun cow

    simple noun a cow


    phrase
     

    Noun 
    an 
    phrase 
    inquisitve 
    expanded 
    cow
    by an 
    adjectve 
    or two
    Noun hamburger

    simple noun  Many 
     
    phrase hamburgers
    Noun phrase  Many 
    expanded by  delicious 
    an adjectve  hamburgers
    or two

    Many delicious
    Noun owl
    simple noun 
    An owl  
    phrase
    Noun phrase 
    expanded by  A 
    an adjectve  mysterious 
    or two owl

    An mysterious
    Postmodifiers

    Other parts of a noun phrase go after the noun. These


    are called postmodifiers.
    Prepositional phrases:

     A man with a gun


     The boy in the blue shirt
     The house on the corner
    • –ing phrases :

     the man standing over there


     the boy talking to Angela
    • relative clauses :

    • the man we met yesterday.


    • the house that Jack built.
    • the woman who discovered radium.
    • an eight-year-old boy who attempted to rob a sweet
    shop
    • That clauses. These are very common after nouns like idea,
    fact, belief, suggestion:

     He's still very fit, in spite of the fact that he's over
    eighty.

     She got the idea that people didn't like her.

     There was a suggestion that the children should be


    sent home.
    • to infinitives :

     I've got no decent shoes to wear.

    These are very common after indefinite pronouns and


    adverbs:

     You should take something to read.


     I need somewhere to sleep.
    • There may be more than one postmodifier:

     An eight-year old boy with a gun who tried to rob


    a sweet shop.

     That girl over there in a green dress drinking a


    Coke.
    • Adjuncts:

    • Noun phrases also occur as adjuncts (ad) in some time


    expressions:

    • [S] [O] [AD]


    • I saw George last week at the planning meeting.

    • These include expressions such as next year, this Thursday,


    most days, some years, one day, some day, the Monday
    before last, the day after tomorrow.
    Noun phrase
    • The noun dog acting as the subject in a sentence, for
    example, does not indicate exactly which canine the
    writer considers
    • But the entire noun phrases do: noun
    • that dog is barking
    • Aunt Audrey's dog is old modifer
    • the dog on the sofa scratches
    • the neighbor's dog that chases our cat is there
    • the dog digging in the new flower bed needs
    training

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