The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 5(08): 4940-4944, 2018

DOI: 10.18535/ijsshi/v5i8.06 ICV 2015: 45.28

ISSN: 2349-2031
© 2018, THEIJSSHI

Research Article
Social Remedy For Deviance Among Senior High School Students In Medan (A
Sociological Study)
Netty Rothesia Siringoringo1, Rizabuana Ismail2, Ria Manurung3, Robert Tua Siregar4, Henry
Sitorus5
1,2,3,5
Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara
4
Universitas Simalungun

ABSTRACT: Social deviance conducted by students becomes a problem in education. The act of deviance is committed in
the form of violations of the existing rules in the school. This behavior affects the disruption of teaching and learning
process activities even also affects other students and teachers as well. There are many cases of misbehavior and
indiscipline that these students have done, and in fact the behavior is done repeatedly. This paper examines the causes of
deviant behavior and finds out how the process of social remedy conducted in a senior high school with pseudonym ‘Y’
(SMA Negeri Y) as a solution implemented by schools to overcome this problem. The data found shows the reason the
students do the deviance is due to the influence of the surrounding environment which is the peer pressure, so they can be
seen as trendy or ‘hip’. Other reasons include uninteresting teaching methods which results in ennui on students in
learning the courses. The conducted social remedy is expected to be a solution of behavioral deviance that students
commit, even for repeated deviant behavior. The stages of social remedy are: (1) the first stage, advices from the teachers
are given to the students who conduct the deviance (2) the second stage, write and issue the disciplinary letter for parents
(DL) (3) the third stage, the students write a letter of agreement in front of their parents (4) the fourth stage, a letter of
agreement with stamp duty is made, witnessed by the parents and signed by the parents and the students (5) the fifth
stage, further action is handled by the principal and the principal decides whether the students should be scolded or
expelled.

Key words: Deviance, Social Remedy, Senior High School

Introduction
School is one of the educational organizations where the schools between 2009 and 2010 (1).
learning process between students and teachers is held. All sorts of behaviors that thwart education are called as
Teachers and students build a relationship in order to achieve unwanted behaviors. Their damaging effects are layered
the goal of acquiring knowledge. But, the relationship between ranging from most destructive to the least destructive ones.
them does not always work well. Teachers or educators have Misbehaviors in the class ruin the class atmosphere, the
to deal with delinquency or indiscipline committed by students teaching process and prevent both students and teachers from
in school. Delinquency carried out by students is also called achieving their aims and lead to the problems in time
social deviance where the students act not inappropriately management. Misbehaviors in the class threaten both teachers
based on the rules set by the school. The deviation done by and students (9).The deviance commited by the students does
these students is not something which has just happened and it not only occur in the classroom when the learning process is in
does not only occur in Indonesia. This students delinquency progress, it also occurs outside the classroom even outside the
also happens in several countries such as United States, school. In Y, a senior high school in Medan, it often happens
Vietnam, Pakistan and other countries. In United States of that the deviant behavior of students includes smoking in
America, the definition of school violence has been evolving school area, fighting with friends, gambling, playing truant
over the past 10 years and now has been “conceptualized as a during class hours and going to an internet cafe, disobeying
multi-faceted construct that involves both criminal acts and teachers, stealing money, stealing cellphones, coming late to
aggression in schools, which inhibit development and school, not wearing full badges of school uniforms, growing
learning, as well as harm the school's climate” (7). In Vietnam, long hair for men, even doing obscene activity. Even the
the deviant behavior also becomes a serious problem in deviance done by students is identical and committed
education. The data provided by MOET (2010) show that repeatedly without any deterrent effect.
there were about 16,000 incidents of classroom misbehavior In order to overcome the problem there are several studies
(e.g., dishonesty and disrespect for traditional authority conducted, starting from improving the relationship between
figures), and school violence (e.g., cruelty to peers, bigotry students, parents and teachers and others. Muhammad
and hate crime), which occurred in Vietnamese junior high Shahbaz Arif uses two approaches in his research to treat

4940 The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, vol. 5, Issue 08, August, 2018
Rizabuana Ismail et al / Social Remedy For Deviance Among Senior High School Students In Medan (A Sociological
Study)
deviant behavior with physical punishment and psychological Data collection technique used is purposive sampling which is
approach of the learning outcome and student behavior. It was determining the student who become informant in accordance
found that the students who were awarded corporal with certain criterion and consideration relevant to the purpose
punishment on creating a source of friction and showing lack of research problem. Purposive sampling is done by
of interest in their academic work began to show negative determining a group or individuals by using a key person, the
behavior and their academic progress showed a gradual informant who has been selected with the specified criteria
regression, whereas the students who were managed with (6). The sample selected as informants in this study are 50
psychological treatment developed their interest in learning, people.
reflected friendly behavior and improved their long-term
Dramaturgy in Students’ Deviance
scholastic performance (2). The education in Indonesia itself
prohibits corporal punishment in teaching and learning process McManus points out that troublesome behavior cannot be
because it is considered as violence against children and it understood without considering it into several spheres:
violates the law on child protection. individual, family, classroom, school, community and the
Different from the results of previous research, this study uses whole society. Students‟ deviant behavior cannot be seen as an
social remedy as the right solution to overcome the deviance isolated factor although it mainly happens in the classroom. It
of students in schools, especially on repeated deviant has to been analyzed according to the whole environment of
behavior. Social remedy refers to the method in which schools the children‟s life (8). This paper also describes several
deal with the deviance by knowing the illness experienced reasons that cause of deviance done by students who are in the
before any social recovery is done, empowerment and self- research location, Y Senior High School in Medan. The data
development. The principle of social remedy is improving the obtained qualitatively shows that the causes of students‟
social conditions at risk (3). deviant behavior include:
a. Peer pressure
Methodology
One of the causes of students doing social deviance is because
The research method used in this study is a qualitative method of the situation that forced him or her to do so. Students in this
in the form of case study and case resolution with social case are teenagers who are still finding it difficult to make
remedy form. Qualitative research is conducted in natural choices and decisions that are good for themselves. The
conditions and observable" (5). Qualitative research as a compulsion of this situation can be divided because of several
human instrument, serves to define the focus of research, things such as friend's invitation, urge to follow current trends
select informants as data sources, assess data quality, analyze and because of curiosity. In addition, teenage emotions that
data, interpret data and make conclusions on all aspects. This are not stable and cannot be controlled can also be the cause of
qualitative method is open and dynamic, thus allowing deviant behavior, as experienced by informants as follows:
informants to explain their experiences openly. In this study, “... I did not think that I violated the order and the school
qualitative methods are considered being able to examine why rules because I had to do it, I was furious because of my
students perform repetitive deviant behaviors and researchers friend R, I only had to take the ball, but the ball was kicked
can examine what forms of social remedy is most appropriate directly to my face.
to overcome students‟ deviance. Adolescent students want to be noticed and often are
This study was conducted at one a public school in Medan, disruptive in order to gain the recognition and attention they
given the pseudonym „Y‟. This school was established in 2004 need. Disruptive students may encourage other students in the
as an educational institution under the authority of North classroom to behave problematically and thus gradually
Sumatra Province government. The number of students influence the whole group. Two or more disruptive students
enrolled in Y Senior High School which is the location of this who act together may be far more effective than one. It is
research is as many as 816 people consisting of class X = 301 more difficult to control few students and to prevent them
people, class XI = 267 people, class XII = 248 people. Based from causing behavioral problems (10). This grouped deviant
on data found since 2015 there are some cases of deviance behavior was originally done because of the invitation of
conducted by students of Y high school in Medan, such as: classmates who later led to the term "ikut-ikutan" or jumping
in bandwagon as revealed below.
Table 1.Classification of Primary and Secondary Deviance
"... I only jumped in gambling bandwagon because of my
Academic Year 2014 – 2017
Form of Deviance friends, at first I just looked around because I had never
N
Primary Secondary played gambling, but because I wanted to know how to play
Academic Skippi
o Year
Gam Obs it, I ended up being a frequent participant because I placed
Being Being ng Steali Fighti Smo
blin cenit
late absent classe ng ng king
s
g y bets a lot, eventually I could make money too ..."
1 2014/20
40
15
9 2 4 8 20 1
Looking glass self theory can be an evaluation for the school
. 15
2 2015/20 30 in handling cases of deviant behavior, where students want to
30 10 2 5 12 14 4
. 16 show their image before their classmates. Students who do
3 2016/20 20
30 6 4 8 5 13 3 deviant behavior will be set aside from good friends who
. 17
dislike the behavior of their naughty schoolmates that can
Source: Y Senior High School data, year 2017
4941 The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, vol. 5, Issue 08, August, 2018
Rizabuana Ismail et al / Social Remedy For Deviance Among Senior High School Students In Medan (A Sociological
Study)
harm themselves and others. In return, students with deviant The case of deviance that occurs in Y Senior High School can
behavior will form groups with those who have and oftenly be studied with the theory of Dramaturgy by Erving Goffman.
violated school rules. Dramaturgy consists of Front Stage and Back Stage. Front
b. Educators Stage is part of the show that defines the situation of the
Characteristics of the educators can be a reason for students to show‟s spectators. The front stage is divided into two parts.
perform deviant behavior. These characteristics include First, the setting which is the physical scene that must exist
teaching methods of lecturers and behavior possessed by when the actor plays his role, secondly, personal fronts which
educators. Teaching methods like the one used by lecturers are various kinds of equipment as a medium to convey
can cause students to be bored and unmotivated to learn. feelings from the actor. Back Stage is the space where the
Teachers with educating methods of reading books with a flat scenarios are run by the "team" (secret society that organizes
and slow voice can cause students becoming drowsy as the performances of each actor) (11). This Erving Goffman's
mentioned by informants: theory is also related to Mead's notions of "I" and "Me", where
"... I violate the school rules because I do not like the method there is a gap between our inner selves and our socialized self.
of teachers in giving lessons, the teacher is not very good at In this study students are still trying to find "I" and "Me" in
transferring the knowledge, I am bored because everyday’s them so that students start building dramaturgy in their daily
the same, no changes in how they teach, eventually I ask for life. The dramaturgy of one student can be seen and then
permission to go to the toilet, but instead I go to the canteen" explained through quotes from the interview below:
A teacher who is kind, warm and treat the students‟ behavior "... I go to school as usual before school starts but I head
fairly can easily earn the respect from the students, and build straight to the internet cafe on Seser street, after school
a positive relationship with the children. Otherwise, a hours ends I return to home so my parents do not know if
teacher‟s unfair or impropriate action can provoke student I skip school, my parents never know my deed and think
misbehavior because, student misbehavior is in large that I do go to school everyday ... "(16 y.o., male)
measure an attempt to maintain their sense of self-dignity in In playing his or her role, the actor/actress tries to construct
the circumstance that confront them (8). Educators are his behavior to aim for the goals he wants to achieve. The
required to be creative in arranging teaching methods that purpose of Goffman's self-presentation is the audience's
can stimulate interests from student in learning. The ability acceptance of manipulation. When an actor succeeds, the
of teachers to build interaction with students during the viewer will see the actor from the angle in which that actor
learning process becomes the basic capital of the student intends. It will be much easier for the actor to bring the
behavior development that is obedient to the norm. Students audience to reach the purpose of the show. In dramaturgy,
are encouraged to communicate thus eliminating the distance what counts is the overall concept of how we live the role to to
between students and teachers. The role and function of give the desired feedback (12). On the front stage the actor
teachers in this professional actually responds to the desire of tries to build a strong impression and character to be shown to
social control in overseeing students through small groups, others. School becomes the stage for students to play their
which is the behavior of students in their respective classes. role. The students‟ front stage is like leaving for school on
Homeroom teachers and subject teachers develop time from home to build trust and a good impression for his
partnerships with school counselors (guru BP) as the main parents. However, when viewed on the backstage students do
agent in social control. not go to school but instead visit other places to get their
c. Economic condition freedom. The back stage is all the hidden activity to complete
The informant argued that his behavior did not violate the law the appearance of yourself when we are on the front stage.
and order because the misbehavior was conducted by Students who skip classes and go to internet cafe is a
informants to make money in fulfilling their life needs; backstage for students.
everyone has a desire to have a higher standard of living so
Social Remedy in Deviance
that they could meet all the needs and make their lives more
prosperous in the future. As mentioned by the informant Abdul Hadi sees social remedies as a series of actions to
below: 'improve' social circumstances that have a negative impact on
"... I often arrive at school late because I accompany my people‟s welfare. The main principle of social remedy is
mother to the market first, then I help my mother setting up 'fixing' the risky social condition. Good social remedies have
the vendng cart to sell fried foods, that is why I am late ..." to be able to correct deviant behavior. A social remedial
However, there is also behavior of students who conduct perspective should be undertaken in case of deviant behavior
deviance with the aim of following the trend. But, the by understanding the problem or 'illness' experienced before
underprivileged economy of the family results in the social recovery, empowerment and self-development are
informants commiting deviant behavior. As mentioned by one conducted (3).
of the informants below: The delinquent students are considered as students who have
"... .I stole my classmate’s N’s phone because I want to have deviant behavior and therefore require the correct formulation
that handphone like him. I do not own one because my of treatment from violations of the norms based on school
parents have no stable jobs. " rules. Overall, the acts of violations are seen as a case of
4942 The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, vol. 5, Issue 08, August, 2018
Rizabuana Ismail et al / Social Remedy For Deviance Among Senior High School Students In Medan (A Sociological
Study)
ignoring or neglecting norms which are inappropriate and evaluated for its effectiveness.
unlawful behavior. Family background is necessary to be
Figure 2. Formulation of The Effectiveness of Social
known in advance so that the school as an educational
Remedy in Y Senior High School
institution will be able to take preventive and even repressive
measures with certain sanctions for offenses done by students.
The school authority create the class as a fun place for
interacting and as a part of the interpersonal communication
development in the attitude of sympathy and empathy so it
takes a firm stance against behaviors that are intorelable, for
example the dishonest behavior from students will get them a
warning at first, if they violates the rules again, their parents
will be called and school could expelled these students. There
are several steps of social remedy processes conducted by Y
Senior High School, such as:
Figure 1. The Stages of Social Remedy

Source: Research data, 2017

Social remedy conducted in Y Senior High School can be seen
as an action or a conscious and planned effort on the part of
education and teaching that is implemented so that students
are able to live on the values and norms properly. Social
remedy as a control against deviance is expected to be
effective in overcoming deviant behavior done by students.
Based on the data found in the research, it is found that
students with mild violation will be deterred on the first stage
of social remedy. However, there are still students who are not
able to change their behavior; these students will be subjected
to the fifth stage of social remedy. Through this social remedy,
the student‟s behavior will be supervised through school
counselors/ counseling teacher. When the social remedy
applied in Y Senior High School in Medan is unable to
improve the student's behavior, the drop out system will be
Source: Research data, 2017 implemented for that student.
The implementation of social remedy as social intervention Conclusion
under supervision of social control agent, which is school
Many efforts are made by the school in dealing with deviance
counselor who also works as a teacher in Y Senior High
conducted by students. In this study deviance occurs due to the
School in Medan. The implementation has already been done
peer pressure and also incompetent educators. Therefore, Y
and met social control standards such as through dialogue with
Senior High School in Medan applies social remedy as a
students by calling them to a meeting in private, and also
solution of deviant behavior of the students. However,
through the parents as an effort to restore the trust in the
teachers are also required to be creative in adjusting their
norms that must be obeyed. It is an obligation for students to
teaching methods which will affect student‟s behavior and
follow the social order in school, because if it is violated there
grades.
will be consequences of punishment ranging from just being
Social deviance and crime in schools that occur in America
reprimanded to being expelled from school. Social remedy is a
become a major problem and turn into a national problem.
prevention and reaction that arise from the school against the
Crimes committed by students are also diverse such as drug
deviant behavior of students in Y Senior High School. The
use, alcohol, gun use, teenage pregnancy and so on. Therefore,
prevention of deviant behavior made by school takes form in
various prevention and intervention programs are suggested,
arranging a students‟ regulation, which consists of the
such as creating a school-based team, renovating the school
obligation and prohibition for students in school area. When a
environment, changing teaching strategies, providing social
quantitative approach is used to view the matter, the numbers
skills training, including adults in school, and providing
of students who violate the rules are in fact more dominant
training and awareness for cultural sensitivity. With the
than the students who obey the rules. However, from the cases
implementation of these various prevention and intervention
that occur, it is shown that social remedy, as a precautionary
programs and ideas, school violence may be lessened (7).
measure, becomes a social control that still needs to be
Educators in Izmir create a strategy in coping with and
4943 The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, vol. 5, Issue 08, August, 2018
Rizabuana Ismail et al / Social Remedy For Deviance Among Senior High School Students In Medan (A Sociological
Study)
treating deviant behavior of the students. Teachers‟ coping [12] Suneki, Sri and Haryono. 2012. Paradigma Teori
strategies are listed as warning, ignoring, using an eye contact, Dramaturgi Terhadap Kehidupan Sosial. Jurnal Ilmiah
changing the lesson plans, asking questions, having a talk with CIVIS.
the student in person, talking to the parents, cooperating with
the student, rewarding the model behavior, praising and giving
responsibility to the learners, all of these strategies show
differences regarding the gender and experience of the
teachers. Beginning and experienced teachers encounter
(different) problems in the classroom. Beginning teachers do
experience the need to show more leadership and less
uncertain behavior.
Juvenile delinquency becomes the focus of this research,
therefore this research offers social remedy as an effort to
overcome the problem of social deviance done by the students.
The stages contained in social remedy are the levels of applied
solution, adapted to the type of deviance conducted by the
student. If the deviant behavior is categorized as mild
deviation, then the social remedy in phase I will be applied, if
the deviation is a severe type of deviation then social remedy
in phase IV or even V will be applied.
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