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    Noise: Introduction To Low-Noise Design

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    Luật Trần
    This document summarizes key concepts about low-noise op amp design: 1) It outlines different op amp circuit topologies and their main noise contributors. Telescopic and folded-cascode amps use wider input devices to minimize noise. 2) It explains that thermal noise must be minimized from all sources, while increasing device sizes reduces flicker noise. 3) The document provides a basic low-noise design procedure that allocates power between stages and optimizes device sizes and biases to minimize input-referred noise.

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    Noise: Introduction To Low-Noise Design

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    Luật Trần
    70 views11 pages
    This document summarizes key concepts about low-noise op amp design: 1) It outlines different op amp circuit topologies and their main noise contributors. Telescopic and folded-cascode amps use wider input devices to minimize noise. 2) It explains that thermal noise must be minimized from all sources, while increasing device sizes reduces flicker noise. 3) The document provides a basic low-noise design procedure that allocates power between stages and optimizes device sizes and biases to minimize input-referred noise.

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    SSCSEDU00050.pdf

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    This document summarizes key concepts about low-noise op amp design: 1) It outlines different op amp circuit topologies and their main noise contributors. Telescopic and folded-cascode amps use wider input devices to minimize noise. 2) It explains that thermal noise must be minimized from all sources, while increasing device sizes reduces flicker noise. 3) The document provides a basic low-noise design procedure that allocates power between stages and optimizes device sizes and biases to minimize input-referred noise.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    70 views11 pages

    Noise: Introduction To Low-Noise Design

    Uploaded by

    Luật Trần
    This document summarizes key concepts about low-noise op amp design: 1) It outlines different op amp circuit topologies and their main noise contributors. Telescopic and folded-cascode amps use wider input devices to minimize noise. 2) It explains that thermal noise must be minimized from all sources, while increasing device sizes reduces flicker noise. 3) The document provides a basic low-noise design procedure that allocates power between stages and optimizes device sizes and biases to minimize input-referred noise.

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    of 11

    Noise

    Lecture 5
    I ntroduction to
    Low -N oise Design

    Behzad Razavi
    Electrical Engineering Department
    University of California, Los Angeles
    Outline

    • Low-Noise Op Amps
    • kT/C Noise
    • Application Example

    2
    A Few Refreshers

    3
    Basic Principles

    • Noise trades with power, bandwidth, and


    linearity.
    • Avoid source followers.
    • Minimize the number of noise contributors:

    4
    Noise in Telescopic Cascode Op Amp

    • Main noise contributors:


    - M1 and M2
    - M7 and M8
    • Need to minimize (VGS-VTH)1,2
     wide input transistors
    • Need to maximize (VGS-VTH)7.8
     large voltage headroom
    consumption
    • Change to PMOS input
    devices for lower flicker
    noise.

    7 7

    7 5
    Thermal Noise in Folded-Cascode Op Amp

    • 6 Noise contributors
    • Change to PMOS input for lower flicker noise.
    • Need to maximize overdrives of M7,8 and M9,10.
    6
    Thermal Noise in Simple Two-Stage Op Amp

    • Noise contributed by second stage must be


    made negligible.
    • 4 Noise Contributors
    • Easy to make noise of M3,4 negligible as well 
    Best noise performance for moderate voltage
    gain. 7
    High-Gain Two-Stage Op Amp

    • Noise contributed by second stage is negligible.


    • 4 Noise contributors
    • Noise contributed by M7,8 may not be negligible.
    8
    Basic Design Procedure

    • Start with a power budget.


    • Allocate about half to first stage.
    • Select overdrives of first stage
    devices according to VDD.
    • Give M7,8 a greater overdrive than
    other devices in first stage.
    • Select device dimensions for
    first stage, starting with Lmin.
    • Calculate input-referred noise.
    • If M1,2 thermal contribution is
    large, increase their W.
    • If M1,2 flicker contribution is
    large, increase their W and L
    (and change to PMOS input).

    9
    kT/C Noise

    • With a 1-pF capacitor, the sampled noise is


    64.3 µVrms.

    10
    Circuit Example: Multiply-by-2 Stage
    Sampling Mode Amplification Mode

    Actual Circuit

    Sampling Mode Amplification Mode

    11

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