Speech Outline - Mental Illness

MENTAL ILLNESS

Title: What is mental illness and how it can be treated?

Purpose: To inform the audience on mental illness and the different treatments.
A. Introduction
Mental illness makes people weak or means that they are crazy. People said that the issue was
in the head as if to say that because they weren’t technically physical issue, they weren’t real.
Understanding the stigma associated with the mental illness and understanding the harmful
effects that they can have on the people that suffer from mental illness can change how we
view those that suffer and perhaps begin to applaud people who seek help instead of shaming
them.

Transition *Let’s first define and understand what mental illness is.
B. Body
I. What is mental illness and the different illnesses.
A. According to NAMI National Alliance on Mental illness – A mental illness is
a condition that affects a person's thinking, feeling or mood. Such conditions
may affect someone's ability to relate to others and function each day. Each
person will have different experiences, even people with the same diagnosis.
A mental illness isn’t the result of one event. Research suggests multiple
causes such as genetics, environment, and lifestyle influence. A stressful job
or home life makes some people more susceptible, as do traumatic life events
like being the victim of a crime. Biochemical processes and basic brain
structure may play a role, too.
B. The DSM V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th

Edition) list over to 200 different mental illness diagnoses. Mental illness is
broken down into categories: anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and
psychotic disorders.
i. Schizophrenia (Psychotic disorder)
b. NAMI, the National Alliance on Mental Illness categorizes
schizophrenia as an illness interfering with a person’s ability to think
clearly, manage emotions, make decisions and relate to others. The
apparent erratic behavior is often caused by the delusions and
hallucinations that are symptoms of schizophrenia.
i. Bipolar (Mood disorder)
a. Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain
disorder that causes unusual shifts in a person’s mood, energy, and ability
to function according to The Kim Foundation. On the other side, when the
individual experiences symptoms of depression, they feel extremely sad,
hopeless, lethargic and may have suicidal thoughts.
ii. Major Depression Disorder (Mood disorder)
a. Major depression is also known as clinical depression, involves a combination of symptoms
such as depressed mood (sadness), poor concentration, insomnia, fatigue, appetite
disturbances, excessive guilt or hopelessness and thoughts of suicide. Major depression is a
mood state that goes well beyond the temporary feeling of sad or blue.
Transition *Now that we have some insight on what mental illness is let us discuss the
graph.
II. Rank of mental illness in global population.

Figure 1. Global Burden of Years Lived with Disability, 1990 and 2010.
This pie chart shows the rate of global burden of years lived with disability in 1990 and 2010
due to mental and behavioural disorders, as compared with disability due to other highest-
ranked categories of disorders and conditions.
Major depressive disorder is the second leading cause of YLDs globally and ranks among the
four largest contributors to YLDs in each of the socially diverse regions spanning the six
continents assessed in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Anxiety disorders, drug-use
disorders, alcohol-use disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and dysthymia also rank
among the 20 conditions contributing the largest global share of YLDs. The aggregate burden
of YLDs resulting from mental and behavioural disorders (22.7%) continues to be higher than
that resulting from any other disease category, with an estimated contribution to the
proportion of burden in 2010 that was similar to that in 1990. This clearly indicates that
where there are humans, there will be mental illness. One important recommendation is that
to help destigmatize mental illness. We can all ensure those around us, including ourselves,
are informed about the avenues they need to take if they are experiencing mental health
difficulties.
Transition *Now that we know what mental illness is including who is more likely
affected and we know at least 3 often diagnosed disorders; we can now talk about
treatments
III. Most mental illnesses can be effectively treated. Recognising the early signs and
symptoms of mental illness and accessing effective treatment early is important. The
earlier treatment starts, the better the outcome. Episodes of mental illness can come and go
during different periods in people’s lives. Some people experience only one episode of
illness and fully recover. For others, it recurs throughout their lives.
Self-Management Skills
Speciﬁc stress management skills include somatic, psychological, and contemplative
approaches. By doing this, patients learn to identify and release muscle tension and
eventually to self-regulate both muscle and psychological tensions.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

It regulates attitudes, behaviours and disordered patterns to enhance intellectual and
psychological behaviour of mind for the betterment of overall health condition.
Medication
Drugs are prescribed for various mental health problems, ranging from depression to
bipolar disorder; it is always important to seek medical advice before amending
medication.
Psychotherapy
It can help people understand the root of their mental illness and start to work on more
healthful thought patterns that support everyday living and reduce the risk of isolation and
self-harm.
Transition *Now we know what mental illness is, the different types of mental
diagnoses, and the treatments available to treat them.
C. Conclusion
In conclusion, mental illness is a condition that can disrupt a person’s thinking, feeling,
mood, ability to relate to others and daily functioning. Mental illnesses are brain-based
conditions that often result in a variety of symptoms that can affect daily life. Teens and
young adults are at a time in their life when many psychiatric illnesses can begin to
manifest because of all the changes and pressure. Schizophrenia, bipolar, and major
depressive disorder are three commonly diagnosed mental illnesses. Mental illness has
many treatment options such as medication, psychotherapy, and electroconvulsive therapy.
Recovery is possible, it may not mean returning to the same life before the onset of a
mental illness, but with effective treatment and support most people who live with mental
illness can significantly reduce the impact of their illness and live satisfying lives.
REFERENCES
About Mental Illness. (n.d.). Retrieved from National Alliance on Mental Illness:
https://nami.org/About-Mental-Illness
Becker, A. E. (2013). Mental Health and the Global Agenda. The New England of Journal
Medicine, 73.
Edwards, J. (2016). FUNDAMENTAL. Mental Health Foundation, 63-74.
More, B. (2016). Psychiatric Diseases and Treatment. DJ International Journal of Medical
Research, 27-36.
Oppong, S. (2016). Managing mental illness in Ghana: the state of commonly prescribed
psychotropic medicine. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 1-10.
Walsh, R. (2011). Lifestyle and Mental Health. American Psychologist Association, 579-592.

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What are some common mental illnesses discussed in the text?

How does the text describe the global burden of mental illness?

MENTAL ILLNESS

Title: What is mental illness and how it can be treated?

B. The DSM V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th

II. Rank of mental illness in global population.

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

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