Stereoscopy: Stereoscope Vision Theory

Stereoscopy

Use of binocular lens to get three dimensional effect. It provides you to view an
object from two different camera Positions to get three dimensional view.
Stereoscope can only see in the overlapping portion of photos.

Stereoscope vision theory:

Individual photographs are flat in appearance, overlapping pairs can be viewed
under a stereoscope and the topography o the ground becomes apparent.
 Hills and valleys appear
 Buildings and trees stand up
 And the slight depression of drainage can be seen.
Thus viewed aerial photographs looks like a detailed relief model.
Stereoscope study of pictures, both before and after the mapping helps to see the
relation between kind of soil and landforms.
Theory Of Stereovision
In normal vision the observer see three dimensions i.e. length, width and depth.
The ability to see depth depends on sight with two eyes each at equal distance
from object but viewing it from a different angle. Each eye register a slightly
different image. The images are fused or combined by optic nerve and brain to
give depth perception or third dimensional view of object.
When viewing two overlapping aerial photographs under the stereoscope, one
sees the same ground features from widely separated positions. The right eye is
viewing the area in photograph and the left eye in the other photograph. The
brain so fuses the photograph that one sees the relief in the photograph or the
third dimension.
Average person with normal vision have some difficulty with stereoscopic study of
a photograph. Some persons and some old persons whose eye muscles are not
flexible. Some feel eye strain while first using the stereoscope. It requires some
practice, at first it may become difficult to adjust the photograph and fuse the
image.
Types:
Mirror type: is based on the principle of reflection
Lens type: it is based on principle of refraction.
Refraction: change in direction of wave passing from one medium to another.
Prism type: prism serve as reflector in mirror. Less commonly used
1.Lens stereoscopy:
Two magnifying lenses mounted in a frame Supported on a frame so that
photograph can be viewed through eyepiece or lens. Lenses are ground so that
Lines of sight are bent Outward. Small, Compact and light. Many are designed for
field use, and fold into a small unit and can be carried easily by a soil mapper.
Lens stereoscope gives a distorted image it has a small field of vision and only a
part of graph can be seen at a time. The close spacing of lenses combine with
direct vision make it necessary to place the photographs very close Or even
overlap them. The adjustment and fusion of photograph is somewhat difficult.
Large scale of lens stereoscope magnifies the object which is definite advantage
while studying small scale photographs.
2. Mirror Stereoscope:
Consist of two lenses and two mirrors fastened in a frame, arranged to transmit
the photographic image to the eye by reflection.
Disadvantages:
Large and bulky not easily portable, mainly for office work where plenty of space
is available. However mirror type stereoscope gives image free of distortion. It has
a wide field of vision. The wide separation of mirrors allows the photograph to be
viewed without overlapping. Due to great optical distance between eye and the
photograph the fused image appear to be this is disadvantage, fine details in small
scaled photographs.
Soil color
Color is the parent material(light grey or nearly white material originated from
marl and quartz whereas basalt gives black color to sub soil horizons) organic
matter, oxides of Fe and Mn, drainage conditions also influences through
oxidation and reduction processes. Imperfectly drainage condition may impart
different shades of grey, yellow and brown color especially within the zone of
fluctuations of water table. The matrix color of individual horizons is described by
using standard color names and notations for hue, value, and chroma gives the
Munsell’s color charts issued by USDA.
Hue: Is the dominant spectral color and is the function of wavelength. Soil
color are generally combination of Red, Yellow and Grey color.
Value: Is the measure of degree of darkness/whiteness and is related to

amount of light reflected.
Chroma: Is the measure of purity of spectral color.

Color name(hue value/chroma) moist, dry
Brown (10YR 5/3)moist
Yellowish brown (10 YR 5/6)dr

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Stereoscopy

Stereoscope vision theory:

Value: Is the measure of degree of darkness/whiteness and is related to

Chroma: Is the measure of purity of spectral color.

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