BS

GROUP PPT Seville and returned to Spain 3  The ships reached the Philippines
years later in MARCH 1521
TOPIC 1: MAGELLAN`S VOYAGE AROUND  Not only is it a source of
THE WORLD HISTORICAL BACKGROUND : SITUATION information about the voyage
AND CIRCUMSTANCE itself, but also includes an early
KING CHARLES V  Upon his return in Italy, he wrote Western description of the people
 Ordered the First Voyage around a formal account of the Magellan and languages of the Philippines
the world expedition for he was asked by his  Traded goods to barter for spices.
 This voyage began to sail in associates to do so As an exchange of locals, they
AUGUST OF 1519 and finished in  Unfortunately, his work couldn’t trade with foods, cloths, and even
SEPTEMBER 1522 be published for two reasons animals
 It sailed with five ships o FIRST - he was unable  SANDUGUAN
 The voyage completed the first to find a financer who o A sign of most sincere
circumnavigation of the world would pay the deposit friendship
 ANTONIO PIGAFETTA was of the required by the printed  Magellan was truly determined to
18 MEN who returned to Spain in o SECOND was by that convert these believers as
1522, out of the approximately time, there were two Christians.
270 who set out three years accounts that are  He baptized the sick one, and a
earlier already out so the most manifest miracle happened,
interest on Magellan he got well.
THE FIVE SHIPS OF MAGELLAN’S VOYAGE expedition had died  Thereupon, these believers buried
 TRINIDAD down their idols, became Christians and
 SAN ANTONIO  The original journal of him did not believer of Christ
 CONCEPTION survive time. What were handed  Magellan trying to convert
 SANTIAGO down were copies of the Filipinos to Christianity
 VICTORIA manuscript that were never
printed in his lifetime for some LAPU LAPU
FRANCISCO ANTONIO PIGAFETTA reasons  the chieftain of Mactan
 Italian scholar young man  However, the account of the  He refused to trade and obeys the
 Born in 1492, in the province of voyage, written by Pigafetta king of Spain for he believed that
Vicenza in Italy between 1522 and 1525 has been Spaniards will take control of the
 Died in the same city in 1534 published several times from Philippines
 Famous traveler, a seafarer and several variant sources  ON APRIL 27 YEAR 1521, Magellan
geographer  It survives in four manuscript, the waged war with the chieftain of
 Studied the exact sciences and the French version is in the library of Mactan. The foreign is superior in
theory of navigation Yale University terms of arms and training, but
 In 1518, he went to Madrid and  And it is the most complete and still lost the battle
obtained leave to serve as handsomely produced of the four  “So many of them charged down
volunteer under Magellan surviving manuscripts because it upon us that they shot the captain
 He went to Spain in 1519 includes 23 beautifully drawn and (Ferdinand Magellan) through the
accompanied by Monsignor illuminated map right leg with a poisoned arrow.”
FRANCISCO CHIERICATO  Pigafetta witnessed and recounts
 He made himself available to MAGELLAN’S VOYAGE AROUND THE in his work the death of Magellan,
promote the company initiated by WORLD on April 27, 1521, in the battle on
the Catholic Monarchs in the  On Pigafetta’s account, it MACTAN ISLAND OF THE
Atlantic contained the longest and most PHILIPPINES
 During the expedition (1519), he comprehensive narration on how
served as Magellan's assistant and they gallantly survived the CONTRIBUTION AND RELEVANCE OF THE
kept an accurate journal which unforeseen problems and DOCUMENT
later assisted him in translating challenges  Contributed immensely to
the Cebuano language  His work also included maps, European historiography as it
 It is the first recorded document glossaries of native words and preserved and popularized the
concerning the language geographic information and achievements of the Magellan-
 Traveled with the Portuguese description of the flora and fauna Elcano expedition
explorer Ferdinand Magellan of the places they visited  Became historical evidence that
 Pigafetta's surviving journal  Not only is it a source of the Spaniards brought Christianity
entitled “MAGELLAN’S VOYAGE information about the voyage in the Philippines
AROUND THE WORLD” is the itself, but also includes an early  The first mass celebrated on the
source for much of what is known Western description of the people morning of THE LAST SUNDAY OF
about Magellan and Elcano's and languages of the Philippines MARCH IN THE YEAR 1521
voyage  His writing provided us glimpse of  Pigaffetta’s work showcases the
the political, economic and social transition of the Faith of the
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND : TIME conditions of THE ISLANDS IN THE Filipinos, that from praising the
 Dating from around 1525, are VISAYAN REGION specially their God they called ‘ABBA’ up to their
details on Ferdinand Magellan's PHYSICAL APPEARANCE, SOCIAL conversion as Christians
voyage around the world in 1519- LIFE, RELIGIOUS BELIEF AND  Also bringing Christianity within
1522 from the moment they left CULTURAL PRACTICES OF THE the region explains why the
PEOPLE Southern part of the Philippines

1
BS

has different belief like the Moro deepen their faith in the newly  His work is a primary source
people, and how they strongly accepted religion because he personally witnessed
preserved their beliefs and  After several years of converting the events and observations that
religion through time the natives and teaching he discussed in his account.
 Visayan People has made an catechism, the Franciscan Order
impression about their bravery honored him with the title
and fearlessness when it comes to "VENERABLE." OTHER FRIARS WHO WROTE ABOUT THE
their oppressor  Plasencia died in LILIW, LAGUNA PHILIPPINES
 Moros, the first native Filipinos, IN 1590.
denying the Imperial Spanish MIGUEL DE LOARCA
Colonialization in the Battle of HISTORICAL CONTEXT:  Arrived in 1576 and became an
Mactan  During the first century of Spanish ENCOMENDERO of PANAY.
rule, colonial officials had the hard  He wrote RELACIÓN DE LAS ISLAS
TOPIC 2: CUSTOMS OF THE TAGALOGS time running local politics because FILIPINAS (1582) and his work
(JUAN DE PLASENCIA, O.F.M) of the limited number of described the way of life of
 It is considered as his most Spaniards who wanted to live Filipinos living in Western Visayas
important work, being quoted, outside Intramuros. area.
cited and even sometimes copied  This situation forced them to
in its entirely by many later allow Filipinos to hold the position ANTONIO DE MORGA
contemporary historians and of GOBERNADORCILLO  He came to the Philippines in 1595
writers  To ensure that they would remain as ASESOR AND TENIENTE
loyal to the Crown, they GENERAL.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR instructed the friars assigned in  His SUCESOS DE LAS ISLAS
 FRAY JUAN DE PLASENCIA (real the parishes to supervise and FILIPINAS gives us a lot of
name is JOAN DE monitor the activities of the information about the state of the
PORTOCARRERO) is one of the gobernadorcillo Philippines at the latter part of the
seven children of PEDRO  Hence, the friars ended up 16th century.
PORTOCARRERO performing the administrative • Many of the what we know about
 He grew up in the region of duties that colonial officials should Philippine history during the first century of
Extremadura during the Golden have been doing in the local level. the Spanish period were derived from the
Age (SIGLO DE ORO) of Spain.  They supervised the election of accounts of the Spanish friars.
 During this period there was an the local executives, helped in the
upsurge of men entering religious collection of taxes, directly ABOUT THE TEXT
life with the intention of suiting up involved in educating the youth  The work of Plasencia is
for missionary works in the newly and performed other civic duties. considered by many historians as
discovered territories. • As years went by, the friars an example of a friar account.
 Plasencia belonged to the ended up the most knowledgeable  This kind of writing is one of the
Franciscan order and came and influential figure in the pueblo most common contemporaneous
together with the first batch of account during the early part of
Franciscan missionaries who SOME DUTIES OF FRIARS ASSIGNED IN the Spanish period
arrived in the Philippines on July MISSION TERRITORIES:  The original text of Plasencia’s
2, 1578  Inform periodically their superiors Customs of the Tagalogs is
 He and Fray Diego de Oropresa of what was going on in their currently kept in ARCHIVO
were assigned to do mission respective assignments GENERAL DE INDIAS (A.G.I.) IN
works in Southern Tagalog area.  Report the number of natives they SEVILLE, SPAIN
 His continuous interaction with converted, the people’s way of  There is also a duplicate copy of it
the people he converted to life, their socio-economic situation in the ARCHIVO FRANCISCANO
Christianity enabled him to write a and the problems they IBERO-ORIENTAL (A.F.I.O.), IN
book entitled RELACION DE LAS encountered MADRID, SPAIN
COSTUMBRES DE LOS TAGALOS  some submitted short letters  In the Philippines, an English
(CUSTOMS OF THE TAGALOGS, while others who were keen version of it appeared in volume
1589) observers and gifted writers wrote VII OF THE BLAIR AND
 It vividly describes the political, long dispatches. ROBERTSON COLLECTIONS
social, economic and cultural  Another English translation of it
practices of the Filipinos before was published as part of the
they were Christianized.  On top of the regular reports they volume for preHispanic Philippines
 His biggest challenge at that time submit, they also shared their of the Filipiniana Book Guild series
was how to make the articles of personal observations and and what will be presented below
faith comprehensible to people experiences. is from this version
who have never heard of Christ  Plasencia’s RELACION DE LAS
nor the Catholic Church COSTUMBRES DE LOS TAGALOS CONTENT PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
 In 1593, he published the book (Customs of the Tagalog, 1589) is OF THE IMPORTAN HITORICAL
DOCTRINA CHRISTIANA EN an example of this kind of work. INFORMATION FOUND IN THE DOCUMENT
LENGUA ESPANOLA Y TAGALA,  It contains numerous information
the first printed book in the that historians could use in 1. COMMUNITY (BARANGAY, DATO, THREE
Philippines reconstructing the political and CASTES)
 He used it as reading material for socio-cultural history of the 2. PROPERTY
those Filipinos who wanted to Tagalog region. 3. MARRIAGE CUSTOMS

2
BS

4. WORSHIP (RELIGION)  Can be sold off 3. BATHALA

 12 PRIESTS OF THE DEVIL  The master can reward his/her  one of their many idols, whom
5. SUPERSTITION slaves by giving them a portion of they specially worshipped
6. BURYING THE DEAD the harvest so that the slaves  They worshipped the sun, the
would be faithful to him/her moon, and some, even the stars
COMMUNITY or a particular dead man with
BARANGAY PROPERTY special capability that fought
 tribal gathering ruled by chiefs It  The land area was divided among bravely or protected them in their
is called a “barangay” because the whole barangay, especially the time of need
they associate themselves with irrigated portions 4. SUN
the “Malay” who are one of the  No one from a different barangay  almost universally respected and
first people to arrive in the could cultivate land unless they honored because of its beauty
Philippines through a boat in inherit or buy the land 5. MOON
which they call “barangay”.  The lands on the TINGUES, or  they would rejoice, especially
 Some consisted of around 30 - 100 mountain ridges, are not divided when new
houses but owned by the barangay as a 6. STARS
 Barangays also have some sort of whole.  they did not name them except
diplomacy  At the time of rice harvest, any for the morning star, which they
 All barangays were equal in terms individual (regardless of their called Tala   
of status barangay) that starts to clear any 7. “SEVEN LITTLE GOATS”
land area may sow in it  the Pleiades; a star cluster
DATU  Fisheries of chiefs had established 8. BALATIC
 the chiefs of the village limits, and sections of the rivers  the Greater Bear constellation
 they governed the people as for markets [Link]
captains even in wars, were  Unless you were a member of the  the change of seasons
obeyed, and revered; any subject chief’s barangay, you had to pay 10. LIC-HA
who committed any offense for the privilege of fishing or  idols; images with different shapes
against them, or spoke to their selling in the chiefs’ fisheries 11. DIAN MASALANTA
wives and children, were severely  an idol; patron of lovers and
punished MARRIAGE CUSTOMS generation
 In the case of a divorce, if the wife 12. LACAPATI AND IDIANALE
SOCIAL HIERARCHY would leave her husband for the  idols; patrons of the cultivated
 There are three status/castes sake of marrying another man, all lands and husbandry
within a barangay: her belongings plus a certain 13. BUAYA
o MAHARLICA amount would be given to her  crocodiles; were respected by the
o ALIPING NAMAMAHAY former husband however, if she Tagalogs due to their fear of being
o ALIPING SA GUIGUILIR chooses to leave and do not have harmed by them
any plans to marry, then all of her  They offered a portion of what
MAHARLICA (nobles) dowry will be returned to her. they carried in their boats to them
 are those who are born free  In the case of an adoption, the
 People who are born free children would receive double the ‘12 PRIESTS OF THE DEVIL’
 Do not need to pay taxes value of how much they were 1. CATOLONAN
 Must accompany the datos in war bought to be adopted;  Priest from a people of rank
 He would keep their status for a  Investigations and sentences for  Officiates the offering sacrifice for
lifetime however, this can be the accused shall be presented a feast and the food to be eaten
taken if he/she marries a slave and read in front of the tribe. being offered to the devil
 In this case, the kids would be 2. MANGAGAUAY
divided and they would inherit the WORSHIP AND BELIEF (RELIGION)  They pretend to heal the sick in
status of their mother or father  There were no temples or sacred order to deceive others
places in which Filipinos would 3. MANYISALAT
ALIPING NAMAMAHAY (commoners) worship  They can cast remedies to couples
 are those who serve their masters  The word simbahan means a for them to abandon one another
however, they can have their own place to worship which is 4. MANCOCOLAM
properties constructed at a large house of  Can emit fire from himself which
 They have their own properties the chief where people of the cannot be extinguished
but has to serve their own tribe go to celebrate festivals (aka 5. HOCLOBAN
masters pandot or worship)  Much more powerful than a
 Children belonging to this caste  They beat large and small drums mangagauay in which they can kill
inherit the status of their parents successively during the feast anyone without the use of any
 Cannot be treated as a slave nor which usually lasted four medicine.
can be sold off  They can also heal those who are
1. NAGAANITOS ill
ALIPING SA GUIGUILIR (slaves)  worship; (anito - soul or spirit of 6. SILAGAN
 are those considered to be slaves ancestors)  They would tear out and eat the
who serve their masters or can be 2. SIBI liver of those they saw were
sold off  a temporary shed, made on each wearing white
 They serve their master in their side of the chief’s house, for the 7. MAGTATANGAL
houses and lands assembled people.

3
BS

 They would go out at night datus, maharlikas and alipins civilized and maintained a lifestyle
without their heads and put it came from Plasencia’s account. that was at par or even better
back into their bodies before the  Moreover, it also talks about than other countries in Southeast
sun rise property rights, marriage rituals, Asia.
8. OSUANG burial practices and the manner in
 Tribesmen reported that they saw which justice is dispensed. TOPIC 3: THE KARTILYA
the “osuang” who can fly and  Plasencia also preserved and
murdered a man and ate his flesh. popularized the unwritten BACKGROUND OF THE AUTHOR
9. MANGAGAYOMA customs, traditions, religious and  Historians accolade
 They would seduce their partners superstitious beliefs of the • the Brains of the
with charms and other accessories Filipinos. Katipunan‖
so they can deceive them.  One can also say that our  Ricarte:
10. SONAT historical knowledge about the • Moses of the Filipino
 This devil helped people to die. manananggal, aswang, hukluban, people‖
They can also know if the soul gayuma, etc. came from  E. de los Santos acclaimed him
they helped to die can either be Plasencia’s works. • the soul of the
saved or not  Priests and missionaries also read Revolution and the eyes
11. PANGATAHOJAN Plasencia’s Customs of the of the Katipunan‖
 They can predict the future. Tagalogs and Doctrina Christiana  Born in Trozo, Manila on
12. BAYOGUIN because they get a lot of insights December 15, 1875
 These are men who are in the that help and inspire them to  Mariano Jacinto, book keeper
nature of a woman become effective evangelizers. (Zaide) E. de los Santos:
 One insight they got from
SUPERSTITION Plasencia is the the realization  Mariano was a merchant
 They find omens in events they that one needs to master the local • Josefa Dizon: hilot or
witness  (i.e. when someone language and study the culture of midwife
sneezed, met on their way a rat or the people if you want to be a  Private School of Maestro Ferrer
serpent, or the successful missionary.  Jose Dizon enrolled him at the
TIGMAMANUGUIN bird sang they  They also learned from him that College of San Juan de Letran for
would go home in fear that evil preaching should be accompanied his Bachelor of Art
would befall them if they with reading materials that  Studied Law at the University of
continued their journey) contain the basic elements of Santo Tomas
 The Tigmamanuguin bird’s (a blue faith.  Joined KKK in 1894
bird as large as a turtle-dove) song  These readings serve as their  pen names
had two forms: a good omen, and guide and reference when the • Pingkian (Inflammable)
a bad omen. missionaries are no longer around. • Dimasilaw
 All these insights from Plasencia • Ka Ilyong - youngest
BURYING THE DEAD are applicable not only to member
 In burying the dead, the corpse missionaries but to other  19 y.o. (fiscal, secretary, editor,
would be placed beside its house professions as well. and later, general of the
and be mourned at for 4 days.  Plasencia’s historical writings also Katipunan)
 It will then be laid on a boat which disprove the claim of some  director of the printing shop and
serves as a coffin which is guarded Spaniards that when they arrived Library of the Katipunan
by a slave. in the Philippines, Filipinos were  Library contained treatises on
 The grief of the relatives of the still uncivilized and lacking in tactics and weaponry; French
deceased is followed by eating culture. Revolution and works of
and drinking  It is clear in the excerpts quoted demagogues
above that at the time Plasencia  Library of the University of Santo
CONTRIBUTION AND RELEVANCE OF THE was assigned in the Tagalog region Tomás in Manila, 1887
DOCUMENT IN UNDERSTANDING OF THE Filipinos were already politically  Proclaimed generalissimo of the
GRAND NARRATIVE OF PHILIPPINE HISTORY and economically organized. North (Punong Hukbo sa Hilagaan)
 They have a functioning  Adviser of the Supremo furnished
 Plasencia’s Customs of the government, tax system, set of Bonifacio with weapons, money,
Tagalogs is a very popular primary laws, criminal justice system, printing materials and musical
source because it vividly described indigenous calendar and long- compositions
the situation of the Philippines standing customs and traditions.  Emilio Jacinto Seal as Punong
before it was tainted with Spanish  Moreover, they have already a Hukbo of KKK forces in Manila,
and Christian influences. concept of supreme being Morong, Bulacan & Nueva Ecija
 Scholars like it because it covered (Bathala), practiced burial customs (late 1896 - early 1897)
numerous topics that are relevant and believed in life after death.  Editor of the newspaper
in many disciplines.  Lastly, Plasencia also mentioned “Kalayaan”
 Political scientists for instance find that the people he met were  died from Malaria on April 16,
it useful because it contains a lot wearing garments, gold 1899 (23 y.o.)
of information about the social ornaments and their houses were
classes, political stratifications and decorated with idols. LITERARY WORKS
legal system of the Tagalog region.  All of these lead to the conclusion  large part was in Tagalog
 Many of what we know about the that prior to the coming of the  Divided into three:
duties and responsibilities of the Spaniards, Filipinos were already o JOURNALISTIC

4
BS

o THE PRIMER OF THE spread of the idea of Liberty, radicals to establish the Katipunan
KATIPUNAN Equality and set the Philippine Revolution
o his still unpublished in place
book ―LIWANAG AT 3. COMING OF MASONRY IN THE
DILIM PHILIPPINES 5. LA LIGA AND THE CUERPO DE
 In 1856, Freemasonry was COMPROMISARIOS
HIS LITERARY INFLUENCES introduced in the Philippines,  In 1892, Jose Rizal arrived home
 La Solidaridad however, native Filipinos were not and with the support of the
 Noli Me Tangere allowed to join the organization. Masonic Leaders, he established
 El Filibusterismo  In 1889, Graciano Lopez-Jaena the La Liga Filipina.
 Dr. Morga’s Sucesos organized the Logia Revolución in  However, he was arrested and
 The Period of the “greatest Barcelona thru the support of soon deported to Dapitan.
effervescence and prestige of Grande Oriente Español hence the  Andres Bonifacio and other
Spanish poetry in the Island” root of true Philippine Masonry. members of Logia Taliba saw
 Rizal, moral and literary idol  Pedro Serrano Laktaw, with the Rizal’s deportation as a sign that
 Marcelo H. del Pilar, political idol help of Moises Salvador (initiated reforms were no longer attainable
in Madrid) and Jose A. Ramos  Before the revival of the Liga,
Historical Background of the Document (initiated in London), organized Andres Bonifacio had
 Aside from ill-treatment Logia Nilad and it was approved conceptualized a new secret
experiences felt by katipuneros by the Grande Oriente Español as society called the Katipunan to
under the Spanish rule, there Logia Nilad No 144 on March 20, advocate separation from Spain.
were other influencing factors 1892.  Thus, Katipunan was established
causing the creation of Katipunan  • As the Fraternity grew, the on July 7, 1892.
and the conceptualization of Spanish friars were alarmed and  On April 3, 1893, Andres Bonifacio
Kartilya therefore branded all Masons as of Logia Taliba, Domingo Franco
insurrectos. and Apolinario Mabini, both of
1. ENLIGHTENMENT IN EUROPE  Masons were arrested, tortured, Logia Balagtas, led the revival of
 Immanuel Kant summed the exiled. the Liga Filipina.
definition of enlightenment in the  These event became the voice for  Six months after the Liga’s revival
following terms: "Dare to know! freedom and democracy. two factions emerged: one that
Have courage to use your own  Most of the prominent wanted to continue the society’s
reason!“ personalities in the Katipunan aim of peaceful reforms, and
 Enlightened rationality gave way were members of the Masonry. another which advocated the
to the rise of Romanticism  The influence of this fraternity to overthrow of the colonial
 By the 19th-century it pave its the members were very evident in government.
way to Liberalism and Classicism the Kartilya written by Emilio  In October of 1893, the Liga was
then in the 20th-century, Jacinto. dissolved.
Modernism.  During the revolution, the Spanish  Mabini and other moderates
 During this period, secret societies Friars believed that the root of all formed the Cuerpo de
like the Freemasons, the Bavarian the problems was Masonry and Compromisarios, they tried to
Illuminati, the Rosicrucian— Katipunan. continue sending funds to finance
flourished. Coffeehouses,  Katipunan as considered by the the Propaganda Movement in
newspapers and literary salons friars as ―HUWAD SA Spain.
emerged as new venues for ideas MASONERYA  However, most of the members
to circulate  Jesuit Francisco Foradada wrote in became increasingly disappointed
his book that Filipino filibusterism over the apathy of the central
2. FRENCH REVOLUTION (subversion) was not the son of government in Madrid.
 The French Revolution of 1789 righteousness, morality or justice;  Some Filipinos were convinced
was the culmination of the High but of Masonry – the enemy of that separation from Spain was
Enlightenment vision of throwing God. the only alternative – some
out the old authorities to remake members united with the radical
society along rational lines. 4. PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT movement - Katipunan of
 A legacy of the Age of  The death of Gomburza in 1872 Bonifacio, Arellano, Plata and
Enlightenment, the motto awakened strong feelings of anger other Logia Taliba members.
"Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité" and resentment among the
inspired the French Revolution Filipinos THE KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN HAS 14
 The ideas of enlightenment and  They questioned Spanish POINTS.
the French Revolution inspired the authorities and demanded
Ilustrados in Europe and in the reforms 1. A life that is not dedicated to a noble and
island  The Filipino ilustrados aimed for divine cause is like a tree without a shade, if
 These two events in the globe reforms and so they created a not, a poisonous weed
encouraged the Filipinos to take systematic movement and they
up a stand for reforms and later used a peaceful means of battling 2. A deed that is motivated by self-interest
independence the Spanish government called or self-pity and done without sincerity lacks
 Books from Europe easily reached the Propaganda Movement. nobility.
the Philippines thru the Suez  The writings produced by the
Canal and thus this leads to the Propaganda Movement inspired
Andres Bonifacio and other

5
BS

3. True piety is the act of being charitable, CONTRIBUTION TO THE GRAND NARRATIVE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
loving one's fellowmen, and being judicious OF PHILIPPINE HISTORY  During the World War II, Emilio
in behavior, speech and deed.  It serves as a guiding principle Jacinto wrote the most important
 It enhances sense of nationalism document of KKK which is the
4. All [people] are equal, regardless of the  It advocates an anti- enslavement Kartilya ng Katipunan
color of their skin; While one could have  It promotes spread of liberal ideas  Based from Andres Bonifacio’s
more education, wealth or beauty than the decalogue that consists of ten
other, none of them can overpass one's RELEVANCE TO CONTEMPORARY TIMES main points highlighting duties
identity  Kartilya is a source of moral towards God, country, family and
beacon for self-transformation for to fellow katipuneros specially the
5. A person with a noble character values the contemporary times. It can be association KKK itself. It was
honor above self-interest, while a person used as guide: unpublished and later replaced by
with a base character values self-interest  To institutionalize good Jacinto’s Kartilya.
above honor. governance among our
government officials. CONTENT PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
6. To a [person] that respects, his/her word  To teach honor and dignity and
is a pledge curtail corruption among KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN
politicians  The original title of the document
7. Do not waste your time; lost wealth can  To inculcate generosity and was “Manga Aral Nang Katipunan
be retrieved, but time lost is lost forever. compassion among us ng mga A.N.B” or “Lessons of the
 To practice respect for women Organization of the Sons of
8. Defend the oppressed and fight the and love for our family Country.
oppressor.  Kartilya reflected a vision, “bright
TOPIC 3: KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN sun of freedom in the islands,
9. A wise man is someone who is careful in  Help them fulfill their duties, spreading its light upon brothers
all that he says; learn to keep the things that responsibilities and how to treat and a race united.”
need to be kept secret. oneself and others  A version of it survived during the
 True meaning of virtue second phase of the revolution
10. In the thorny path of life, the man leads and it was kept in the Philippine
the way and his wife and children follow; If BACKGROUND OF THE AUTHOR Insurgent Records which was
the leader goes the way of evil, so do the stamped with the seal Artemio
followers. EMILIO JACINTO Ricarte, used in 1899.
 Born on December 15, 1875 in the  Composed by Emilio Jacinto, The
11. Never regard a woman as an object for district of Trozo in Tondo, Manila Kartilya contained fourteen values
you to trifle with; rather you should consider  Died at the age of 23 in the town which every Katipunero’s should
her as a partner and a friend in times of of Magdalena, Laguna due to uphold, longer than Bonifacio’s
need; Give proper considerations to a Malaria. Dekalogo, more literary and
woman's frailty and never forget that your  He went to San Juan de Letran philosophical.
own mother, who brought you forth and College and later transferred to
nurtured you from infancy, is herself such a the University of Santo Tomas to TOPIC 4: MGA GUNITA NG HIMAGSIKAN /
person study law. He did not pursue his MEMOIRS OF THE REVOLUTION
study and at the age of 18, he
12. Don't do to the wife, children and devoted himself fully to the BACKGROUND OF THE AUTHOR
brothers and sisters of others what you do Katipunan.  Birth name: Emilio Famy
not want done to your wife, children and  Emilio Jacinto was one of the Aguinaldo
brothers and sisters. highest-ranking officer/member of  Birth date: March 22, 1869
KKK during the Philippine  Birth place: Kawit, Cavite province
13. (A (person's) worth is not measured by revolution.  A military man, revolutionary
his/her station in life, neither by the height  He was known as the brains of the leader and the first and the
of his nose nor the fairness of skin, and Katipunan when it comes to youngest President of the
certainly not by whether he is a priest military matters Philippine Republic
claiming to be God's deputy. Even if he is a  He was a known writer during the  He dared to declare our country’s
tribesman/tribeswoman from the hills and Philippine Revolution, his pen independence from the Spanish
speaks only his/her own tongue, a (person) name was Pingkian, Dimasilaw colonizers and later against the
is honorable if he/she possesses a good and Ka Ilyong. United States in pursuit of the
character, is true to his/her word, has fine
 Emilio Jacinto also wrote for the country’s sovereignty.
perceptions and is loyal to his/her native
Katipunan newspaper called
land. EARLY CAREER:
Kalayaan. He wrote in the
newspaper under the pen name  Cabeza de Barangay at the age of
14. When these teachings shall have been 17
Dimasilaw, and used the alias
propagated and the glorious sun of freedom  Cavite’s Capitan Municipal at the
Pingkian in the Katipunan
begins to shine on these poor islands to
 Jacinto’s Kartilya later replaced age of 25
enlighten a united race and people, then all  Joined the Katipunan at the age of
Bonifacio’s Decalogue. Bonifacio,
the loves lost, all the struggle and sacrifices 26
upon reading the Kartilya drafted
shall not have been in vain  HE became a General under the
by Jacinto, decided that it was
superior to his Decalogue, and Magdalo Faction
adopted it as the official primer of
the Katipunan.

6
BS

 Since then, he learned that the  I – START OF UPRISING AGAINST  2nd strategy  enter the hacienda
Katipunan was working to free the SPAIN by going Sount & West
Philippines from Spanish rule  II – BATTLE OF IMUS
 Thus, he used all of his  III – MAGDIWANG & MAGDALO Imus: Hacienda
experiences to organize the FACTION  Greeted by gunshots from the
Filipino people to revolt against  IV – DR. JOSE RIZAL’S EXECUTION Guardia civil in the church tower
the said colonizer.  V – BATTLE OF PASONG SANTOL as they tried to enter the place
 He proclaimed the Philippines a  VI – TEJEROS CONVENTION causing the downfall of many of
free nation on the balcony of his his men.
house in Kawit on June 12, 1898. (78-82) I- THE START OF THE UPRISING  They retreat and thought of new
AGAINST SPAIN : August 31, 1896 strategies which made him
INTENTIONS FOR WRITING THE MEMOIRS  Emilio Aguinaldo: desired to succeed.
 To fill out the gaps in the fight against the Spaniards
Philippine historic records in order but do not have any (177-182) III- MAGDIWANG & MAGDALO:
to show an accurate story of the weapons for it. Leaders of the Revolution
Revolution.  Katipunan decided on
 Show rebellions’ perspectives, uprising, attacked other
specifically, as a General in the towns already.
Magdalo faction in the fight for  Capitan Antonio Redoblado
the freedom of the country.  started to attack the Tribunal
 To keep the memories of the past (court) & quarters of the
fresh in the eyes of the present Guardia Civil in San Francisco
generation. de Malabon & Noveleta
 To address and give importance to  Getting the firearms of the 3
the act of heroism that Filipinos Guardia Civils
showed in attaining the freedom  roaming around by
that we have now enjoyed against persuading them to
the attempt of the colonizers. surrender their guns  Magdiwang faction - lucky & all of
 Emilio Aguinaldo: its members seemed to be happy
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE  “Mga Kababayan, dumating always & never get worried
DOCUMENT na ngayon ang panahon na  12 towns under the Magdiwang:
tayong mga Tagalog ay unusual to face any battles
 Between 1928 and 1946, Emilio magbangon at huwag  8 towns held by the Magdalo:
Aguinaldo was writing and paalipin sa Pamahalaang always in distressed for the search
preparing his Memoirs. Kastila” of the enemies & always in battle
 His wish: first volume of his  Successfully obtain the  However, Emilio Aguinaldo did not
Memoirs be made available to the enemies’ weapons fail to recognize that the success
public on his 95th birthday  Then encouraged all Capitan of the freedom in the whole area
anniversary; however, he became Municipal in the entire of Cavite in the fight against the
suddenly ill and died at the age of province of Cavite to revolt Spaniards was because of the
94 on 1964 without seeing his soon hardships and perseverance of
own book in print. the two factions
 Felisa P. Diokno (Emilio’s (95-100) II- THE BATTLE OF IMUS:
Secretary) tasked to publish the September 1, 1896 (183-188) IV-DR. JOSE RIZAL’S EXECUTION:
Memoirs.  Cavite el Viejo (Kawit) : December 30, 1896
Headquarters  December 30, 1896- 6:00 am
 Jose Tagle the Capitan Municipal  Andres Bonifacio & Emilio
of Imus w/ an army of 100 people Aguinaldo planned to rescue Jose
asked E.A to help him in attacking Rizal on the day that he will be
the Spaniards in their town. executed.
 Emilio agreed considering it’s  Paciano Rizal, the brother of Jose
their 1st attack & called all of his Rizal visited their Headquarter in
All historical events were taken mainly from 600 men Imus. Emilio told him about their
his:  Having only spears, bolos, 9 old plan.
 Diary long guns, 3 Remington guns, 1  Paciano disagreed saying:
 Various documents preserved in Eskopeta de Piston as their “Huwag na kayong mangahas,
his Kawit home for more than 50 weapon along with a marching upang huwag nang dumami pa
yrs band, they went to war. ang mamatay”
 Family lore gathered from his  “Manunubok muna bago biglang  The plan for Jose Rizal did not
elders Maninisid” happened

OVERVIEW OF THE CONTENT Imus: Convent (212-224) V – THE BATTLE OF PASONG

 provided us a personal detail,  They were greeted by nobody SANTOL
political and social life of the except for Padre Buenaventura,  On March 22, 1897, the day of
people & highly relevant political Filipino priest, informed them: election, General Aguinaldo was
and military reflections he learned Friars and Guardia Civils ran away leading the battle in Pasong
from his experiences out of fear after hearing the music Santol.
of the band.

7
BS

 They have been delayed to come  took their oath at the convent of history of the Philippines spanning
at the right time to join w/ Sta. Cruz de Malabon. all the historical eras.
General Aguinaldo’s battle against
the Spaniards on the Pasong CONTRIBUTION AND RELEVANCE OF THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE
Santol. DOCUMENT DOCUMENT
 Fills out the blank spaces in the
GOOD NEWS CAME Philippine Historic records & link 1898 DECLARATION OF PHILIPPINE
 Capitan Mariano San Gabriel different past events to show an INDEPENDENCE
Gregorio Jocson of Naic along with accurate story of the revolution  The Declaration of Philippine
their troops from Magdiwang  Provide a primary document that Independence occurred in the
faction came and joined Emilio narrated the true events behind town of Cavite-Viejo, Province of
Aguinaldo’s battle the revolution that will help Cavite, on June 12, 1898.
 a lot of KKK members died from sharpen our insights & knowledge  It happened in the National
the battle because they were about the Philippine history Library of the Philippines. -
facing trained & disciplined  Witness historic battles alongside  It was prepared, written, and read
Spanish soldiers. w/ important people that led us to by AMBROSIO RIANZARES
 The invasion and victory of the achieve the Philippine BAUTISTA in Spanish and later on
Aguinaldo in Pasong Santol indipendence translated into English by Sulpicio
obtained them:  Glimpse on the different war Guevara. -
o 5 boxes of bullets, strategies that can serve us a  The Philippine Declaration was
o 29 gun & 8 dead bodies guide in the present generation if signed by ninety-eight persons;
of the enemies another attack happens again who are included in the United
 This news drives the Spaniards to  Serve as evidence on how Filipinos States Army and are present on
worried which resulted in the sacrifice, fight, shed blood & the said event of the
sickness and resignation of sweat in exchange for the proclamation. -
Captain General Polavieja of country’s freedom.  The Act declared that the Filipinos
Spain. “are and have the right to be free
TOPIC 5: DOCUMENTS OF THE 1898 and independent,” and that the
(225-227) VI – TEJEROS CONVENTION: DECLARATION OF PHILIPPINE nation from “this day commences
March 22, 1897 INDEPENDENCE, THE MALOLOS to have a life of its own, with
 Held in Hacienda of Tejeros, San CONSTITUTION AND THE FIRST PHILIPPINE every political tie between
Francisco De Malabon, officially REPUBLIC Filipinas and Spain severed and
led by “Supremo Andres annulled”. -
Bonifacio” BACKGROUND OF THE AUTHOR  The primary significance of the
 President: proclamation of the Philippine
o EMILIO AGUINALDO ; [Link] F. ZAIDE Independence in 1898 is the
Andres Bonifacio  (May 25, 1907 – October 31, demonstration of how determined
 Vice President: 1988) and fearless the Filipinos were to
o MARIANO TRIAS ;  He was a Filipino historian, author gain independence from Spain.
Andres Bonifacio and politician from the town of
 Captain-General: Pagsanjan, Laguna. - THE MALOLOS CONSTITUTION AND THE
o ARTEMIO RICARTE ;  A multi-awarded author, Zaide FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
Santiago Alvarez wrote 67 books and more than  On January 21, 1899, in Malolos,
 Director of War: 500 articles about history, he is Bulacan, Aguinaldo promulgated
o MARIANO RIEGO DE known as the "Dean of Filipino the Malolos Constitution. -
DIOS ; Andres Bonifacio Historiographers." -  The First Philippine Republic was
 Director of the Interior:  He was one of the founders of the inaugurated on January 23, 1899
o ANDRES BONIFACIO ; International Association of at Barasoian Church, Malolos,
Severino de las Alas & Historians of Asia (IAHA), and Bulacan. -
Diego Mojica president of the Philippine  The Malolos Constitution was the
 After the incident, Andres Historical Association for three first important Filipino document
Bonifacio announced that the terms. - headed by Felipe Calderon and
result of the election was null and  As a politician, he served as the aided by Cayetano Arellano. -
void then left the place mayor of his hometown of  It is the first republican
immediately. Pagsanjan from 1971 to 1975 constitution in Asia. -
 Compared to the accounts of  He researched, taught, and wrote  It has three branches - the
Santiago Alvarez and Teodoro on Philippine history and Executive, Legislative and the
Agoncillo about the Tejeros government. - Judicial branches. -
Convention  A firm believer that the  It also called for the separation of
 most of them did not include the understanding of a nation’s church and state. -
part where Coronel Santiago Rillo history must be based on a rich  This historical event highlighted
of the Magdiwang council documentation and balanced the determination of our Filipino
continued the election and interpretation, he spent his latter leaders to prove to the world that
proclaimed all the winners. years in compiling this present we are capable of ruling our self
 March 23, 1897 around 7:00 pm documentary series. - and having our own government.
 The elected members of the first  As such, Dr. Zaide set out to do  With this, we have achieved
Philippine revolutionary what no Filipino historian has freedom, independence and
Government done – to compile a documentary democracy.

8
BS

chosen in Philippine Malolos  He is 73 years old

CONTENT PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS Congress elections held from June  He has spent the past 30 years
23 to September 10, 1898. writing about the Southeast Asian
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE  President of the Revolutionary history and politics.
 June 12 1898 - The Philippines Congress, Pedro Paterno Vice  One of his publications is
celebrated its "Independence day" President/Deputy, Benito Legarda Philippine Cartoons.
at Kawit, Cavite Province. Secretary, Gregorio S. Araneta and
 The historical celebration was Pablo Ocampo HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
highlighted by the hosting of the  Signatories to the Draft  Philippine Catholic Mass Media
new Filipino flag sewn by Mrs. Constitution. After the Malolos Award
Felipe Agoncillo in Hongkong, to Congress was convened on 15  Best Book of the Year for 1985
the stirring of the Philippine September, 1898, a committee  Philippine National Book Award
National Anthem composed by was selected to draft a for History, 1986
Juan Felipe. constitution for the republic.  377 cartoons compiled in this
 Atty. Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista,  The committee was composed of book
Aguinaldos’ adviser solemnly read Hipólito Magsalin, Basilio  Gintong Aklat Award (Manila)
the Philippine Declaration of Teodoro, José Albert, Joaquín  Special Citation for history, 1987
Independence which was written González, Gregorio Araneta, Pablo
in Spanish titled Act of Ocampo, Aguedo Velarde, Higinio AUTHOR’S BACKGROUND
Proclamation of Independence by Benitez, Tomás del Rosario, José  Alfredo Roces was born on April
Filipino People. Alejandrino, Alberto Barretto, José 29,1932 at Sta. Cruz, Maynila
Ma. de la Viña, José Luna, Antonio  His age is 86 years old
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE REVOLUTIONARY Luna, Mariano Abella, Juan  One of his books includes also the
GOVERNMENT Manday, Felipe Calderón, Arsenio Philippine Cartoons: Political
 Replaced the dictatorial Cruz and Felipe Buencamino. Caricature of American Era
government - 4 departments  They were all wealthy and well  He was the one who designed the
were created educated. book
 The Department of Foreign  Full Text of Malolos Constitution.  He contributes an essay to
Affairs, Navy and Commerce The Political Constitution of 1899 Philippine graphic satire of the
 The Department of War and is written in Spanish which was period.
Public Works the official language of the
 The Department of Police and Philippines at the time. TOPIC 7: FILIPINO GRIEVANCES AGAINST
Public Order, Justice, Education  It is composed of ninety-three GOVERNOR WOOD
and Hygiene articles divided into fourteen  Approved by the Commission on
 The Department of Finance, titles, with further eight articles Independence on Nov. 17, 1926
Agriculture and Manufacturing with transitory provisions, and a  Compiled by Gregorio F. Zaide for
Industry final additional article his book “Documentary Sources of
Philippine History”
CONSTITUTIONAL PROGRAMME OF THE THE FEATURES OF MALOLOS
PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC CONSTITUTION AS THE 1ST STATE BACKGROUND OF THE AUTHOR
 The constitutional document was DOCUMENT THAT THE FILIPINO EVER
written by Apolinario Mabini as PRODUCED: MANUEL LUIS MOLINA QUEZON
the proposed constitution of the  Filipino Statesman, and a soldier
first republic 1. The constitution is Democratic in its  Lawyer
 Submitted it to General Emilio aspect  Second President of the
Aguinaldo on June 5, 1898 and Philippines after Emilio Aguinaldo
was printed the same day 2. The Government was divided into
 Malolos Congress however three branches Executive, Legislative ELPIDIO RIVERA QUIRINO
rejected it and adopted one which and Judicial. 3. It safeguards against  Sixth President of the Philippines
was written by Felipe G. Calderon abuses were provided  He is also a member of Philippine
Independence Commission
THE POLITICAL CONSTITUTION OF 1899
SPANISH: CONSTITUCIÓN POLÍTICA DE 1899 TOPIC 6: POLITICAL CARICATURE OF THE SERGIO OSMEÑA SR.
 informally known as the Malolos AMERICAN ERA: ALFRED MCOY  Fourth president of the
Constitution, it was the basic law Philippines for two years (1944-
of the First Philippine Republic WHAT IS CARICATURE? 1946)
 A picture, description, or imitation  Became Vice President of the
MALOLOS CONGRESS AND CONSTITUTION of a person in which certain Philippines under Manuel Quezon
SOME OF THE IMPORTANT ACHIEVEMENTS striking characteristics are
OF THE MALOLOS CONGRESS: exaggerated in order to create a JOSE PACIANO LAUREL
1. In September 29, 1898, ratified the grotesque effect, or ludicrous of
 Filipino politician and a judge
declaration of Philippine independence held someone or something.
 Became the third President of the
at Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898 Philippines
AUTHOR’S BACKGROUND
2. Drafting of the Philippine Constitution  Alfred McCoy was born on June 8, TEODORO SANTA ANA SANDIKO
1945 he is a professor of history at
 He was a Filipino lawyer and
 Delegates to the Malolos Congress the University of Wisconsin-
former senator of the Philippines
Members (Representatives) were Madison
and was elected on 1919

9
BS

 He is also notable because he  "The laws defining powers of  born on 1905 at Pudu, Kuala
holds various post on Aguinaldo’s Board of Control were neither Lumpur
cabinet. repealed by legislature, annulled  electrical engineering graduate
by congress, nor declared  became the vice chairman at
Philippine Resident Commissioner Manuel L. unconstitutional by the courts”  Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (March,
Quezon encouraged Speaker Sergio Osmeña  The said historical account 2017)
to run for senate leadership but Osmeña characterized the acts of Governor  writer and the author of Raiders
rejected it because he still preferred to Genral Wood as arbitrary, of the Sulu Sea
continue leading the lower house, therefore oppressive and undemocratic, it is
Quezon ran for the Senate and become the also stated that the Filipino HIS INTENTION FOR WRITING RAIDERS OF
first Senate President of the Philippines for people firmly appeal to the THE SULU SEA
19 years (1916 – 1935). American people to grant their  to show how the Spaniards
rights and freedom.  defended the city Fort Pilar as
Spain’s last stronghold and
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE THE PROTEST bastion of defense and economic
DOCUMENT expansion in the south of the
"In the face of this critical situation, we, the Philippines
 Compiled by Gregorio F. Zaide for constitutional representatives of the Filipino  he wants to show how Spaniards
his book “Documentary Sources of people, met to deliberate upon the present wanted to control our country as
Philippine History” difficulties existing in the Government of the well to colonize and Christianize
 As written in the Philippine Philippine Islands and to determine how  to reveal how Spaniards abused us
Organic Act, the bicameral best to preserve the supremacy and majesty and killed innocent people
Philippine legislature was of the laws and to safeguard the right and  to demonstrate how Filipino fight
established. liberties of our people, having faith in the for their own country
 With this, the Commission will act sense of justice of the people of the United
as the upper house and the States and inspired by her patriotic example PEOPLE WHO HELPED OTHMAN TO CREATE
Philippine Assembly will act as the in the early days of her history, do hereby, in THE FILM
lower house. our behalf and in the name of the Filipino 1. Icelle Gloria B. Estrada (Filipina
 Due to the Jones Act of 1916, they people, solemnly and publicly make known painter and sculptor)
replaced the commission into our most vigorous protest against the 2. Dr. Samuel Tan (historian at
Philippine Senate as the upper arbitrary acts and usurpations of the present National Historical Institute)
house and they House of Governor-General of the Philippine Islands, 3. Prof. Barbara Watson Andaya
Representatives as the lower particularly against Executive Order No. 37." (historian at National University of
house. Singapore (NUS)
 The Governor-General will be the CONTRIBUTIONS AND RELEVANCE OF THE 4. Dr. Julius Bautista (historian at
head of the executive branch DOCUMENT Asia Research Institute, NUS.)
 During the time when the 5. Dr. Margarita Cojuangco (the
Philippines was under the United  This document is a form of protest author of Kris of Valor)
States of America, they imparted of Filipino’s against Governor
to us American sovereignty. Wood to be able to express their HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE FILM
 President Calvin Coolidge sent resentment because of his lack of  According to Icelle Gloria B.
Leonard Wood to be the consideration during his tenure as Estrada, on 1720, Rajah Dalasi was
Governor-General of the a Governor General. planning the attack on Zamboanga
Philippines.  Tis account also serves as an city with the force of Sulu
 The petition letter was written by impeachment request for Sultanate
some notable senators like Elpidio Governor Wood to go down in his  Dr. Samuel Tan mentioned that
Quirino, Sergio Osmena, Jose P. position as a Governor General. there were three groups of
Laurel, and Teodoro Sandiko..  This account is an indication that Muslims
 The document was approved by Filipino’s have been dealing with o BALANGINGI TRIBE OR
the Commission on Independence unfairness and injustices even SAMAL
on November 17, 1926 after the Spanish colonization  o ILLANUNS
 It was the Seventh Philippine  This account is also very relevant o TAOSUGS
Legislature (1925 – 1928), during in our country today because this  Barbara Andaya said that the
the American Colonial Period, that open the minds of the Filipino’s, in raiders should be called pirates.
approved the petition letter terms of by not depending with o Personal wants
other people or country, because o Way to preserve their
CONTENT PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS the progress and the development culture and beliefs
of Philippines is indeed still in the o Islam
EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 37 hands of its people.  One of the top priorities of
 November 9, 1926 Muslim Sultanates was to
 Nullify laws creating the Board of TOPIC 8: CORY AQUINO SPEECH eradicate Christians in Zamboanga
Control and assumed the o How the sultanates
functions of the body TOPIC 9: RAIDERS OF THE SULU
stand against the
Spanish weaponry?
 Wood promulgated the said order BACKGROUND OF THE AUTHOR
o An evidence of an
and the power of the Board of ancient sea-faring
Control will be solely in the hands MUHAMMAD ZAKI OTHMAN
maritime civilization
of Governor General Wood  also known as Idzwan Othman
was found (1977)

10
BS

o The slave raiders inherit  born on October 23, 1857  For example the Hacienda Luisita
their skills from the  born in the town of Badoc, Ilocos massacre.
early southern Filipino Norte  The unjustice killing in the drug
seafarers  one of the greatest Filipino artist war of the government.
 According to Barbara Andaya, by during the 19th century in the  It also shows that the power is
the mid 18th century, a very large history of the Philippines only within the reach of those
numbers of raiders arrived in  was a political activist during the who are in the position and the
Malacca Straits philippine revolution ones with riches.
o Slaves  dramatic and dynamic works and
o Warriors focused on romanticism and FERNANDO AMORSOLO`S
o Captures local guides to realism styles of art DEFENSE OF A FILIPINA WOMAN’S HONOR
navigate  Juan Luna gained his love for arts
because of the influence of his FERNANDO AMORSOLO Y CUETO
brother Manuel who was also a  Born on: May 30, 1892 in Paco,
painter. Manila
 He was able to receive his  Died on: April 24, 1972 at the age
TO NAVIGATE, THEY USED: Bachelor of Arts at Ateneo de of 79
 Compass Manila and was enrolled in  “ GRAND OLD MAN OF
 Telescope Escuela Nautica de Manila where PHILIPPINE ART “
 Stars he became a sailor.
 Their knowlegde about the  He took lessons under famous BACKGROUND OF THE AUTHOR
monsoon winds painting teacher Lorenzo Guerrero  Honing his skills as an apprentice,
and also enrolled at Academia de he also worked in order to provide
They travel during the months August and Dibujo y Pintura under the for his schooling at Liceo de
October. This period is called the pirate Spanish artist Agustin Saez. Manila where he finished and
season.  1877 he traveled to Europe to earned an honorable mention in
continue his studies and enrolled drawing and painting.
 By 1830, Garay, a smaller and at Escuela de Bellas Artes de San  In 1908, the young Amorsolo
faster boats came. Fernando. received his first success through
o could carry up to 100  most famous artwork of Juan Luna Leyendo el Periódico that bagged
sailors  spent 8 months of his life to finish second place at the Bazar Escolta
o made up of bamboo this artwork  Through a study grant from
wood and nipa palm  contains a deeper meaning Enrique Zobel de Ayala who was
 When they are already near the especially for the filipinos impressed by Amorsolo`s design
shore, they use salisapans to  won gold in 1884 logo for Ginebra, he worked as a
pretend that they are harmless  featurs a glimpsde of roman professor instead of being a
fishermen. history student at Academia de San
 latin word referring to the Fernando in Madrid, Spain.
WEAPONS OF THE RAIDERS basement of the Roman  In his time in Spain, his works
 BARONG Colosseum started to be influenced by
 KRIS  size of 4.22 x 7.675 Spanish painters, Diego Velasquez,
 KAMPILAN El Greco (Kyriakos
CONTENT PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS Theotokopoulos), Francisco de
According to Margarita Cojuanco, as time  The spolarium was painted by Goya, Claude Monet, Edouard
pass by, the Spaniards ordered steamships Juan Luna in [Link] was Manet, Van Dyck (Anthony
from England. submitted at the Exposicion Vandyke), John Singer Sargent,
With that, the Spaniards chased the sailing nacional de bellas Artes in the and Joaquin Sorolla whereas in his
ships of the raiders. capital of spain. visit in New York City he was
 450 Spaniards died  The spolarium was sold for 20000 introduced to postwar
 150 raiding ships were pesetas to Dipotaciom Provincial impressionism and cubism.
destroyed de Barcelona. It is now displayed  In the time of World War II,
 350 Samal were captured in the national museum in the Amorsolo`s works changed from
Philippines. bright sun-drenched countryside
CONTRIBUTION AND RELEVANCE OF THE  The contribution of this account in scenes to paintings of gloom and
FILM the understanding of the despair.
1. Explains why there is a gap Philippine history, is that the  His experiences from the
between Muslims and Christians. painting shows the socio-political destruction and pain he felt and
2. This serves as an evidence on who realities in the Philippines during saw from the war was portrayed
came in the Philippines first. the Spanish regime. through his paintings in this era
3. Proof that before other invaders  The unjustice ruling of the
came, there are people who lead Spaniards making the Filipino HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE
the different part of the slave just like the polo y servicio. DOCUMENT
Philippines.  The spolarium still shows the  Amorsolo's work of art entitled,
socio-political realities until today. "The defense of a filipina woman's
TOPIC 10 : WORKS OF AMORSOLO AND The officials using their power to honor" was created on 1945 and
LUNA suppress the weak. were exhibited in Malacanang
 The massacres that happened Palace in 1948
JUAN LUNA (SPOLIARIUM) with the one with power.

11
BS

 Loveria (2008), Amorsolo painted sources may either be written or 2. Sensitivity to context
the woman in a striking half as her nonwritten 3. Awareness of the interplay of
role is not merely just doing  In general, historical sources can continuity and change in human
household chores but to explore be classified between primary and affairs
things outside her home. secondary sources
 The role of women in the society CONTEXT ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL
should not be constricted to the PRIMARY SOURCES DOCUMENTS
perceptions and ideals of men and  Produced by people or groups
what their capable of. directly involved in the event; they CONTEXT ANALYSIS
are either participants or  Time and place the historical
CONTRIBUTIONS AND RELEVANCE eyewitnesses to the event document was written
 In our generation today, historical  Produced at the same time as the  Situation or the circumstances
accounts, artifact or evidences are event, period, or subject being during the time
left to be written on books rather studied  Background of the author
than written on the minds  Author’s role in the event
 Amorsolo`s message was simple. SECONDARY SOURCES  Author’s intent for writing the
He wanted to let women know  “The testimony of anyone who is document
their true value, that their not an eyewitness – that is of one  Authoritativeness of the account
existence is not just to do who was not present at the event  Relevance of the document today
domestic responsibilities but to of which he tells” (Gottschalk)
further show that women are  Produced by an author who
equal to men interpreted and analyzed primary EXAMPLE – “MEMOIR OF A GENERAL
 Relevant to present-day with the sources to discuss certain subjects (EXCERPT ON TEJEROS CONVENTION)”
progress of the rights and or events in history (SANTIAGO ALVAREZ)
freedom that women receive and
fight for everyday. HISTORICAL CRITICISM TIME AND PLACE
 In order for a source to be used as  first published in 1927, serialized
HISTORICAL METHOD historical evidence, its form and in 6 instalments in the Tagalog
content need to be analyzed weekly, Sampagita
What is history? o EXTERNAL CRITICISM –
 History has been known as “the form SITUATION OR CIRCUMSTANCES
study of the past” and has been o INTERNAL CRITICISM –  based on Alvarez’ notes and
associated with memorizing dates, content records entrusted to him by “the
places, names, etc. original founders of the
 While this definition is not wrong, EXTERNAL CRITICISM Katipunan”
it fails to reflect the complexity of  Verifying the authenticity of
the subject and its importance to evidence by examining its physical AUTHOR’S BACKGROUND
human civilization characteristics; consistency with  Revolutionary general
 The study of history is the study of the characteristics of the time it
the beliefs and desires, practices, was produced; and the materials AUTHOR’S ROLE
and institutions of human beings used for the evidence  Member of the Magdiwang
(Torres, 2018)  External Criticism faction
 The duty of a historian is to draw  Verifying the authenticity of
insights from the ideas and evidence by examining its physical AUTHOR’S INTENT
realities that shaped the lives of characteristics; consistency with  To “shed more light on the
people and society the characteristics of the time it different facets of the
 “Only a part of what was observed was produced; and the materials Revolution… in the interest of
in the past was remembered by used for the evidence honorable truth…” (Alvarez)
those who observed it; only a part
of what was remembered was INTERNAL CRITICISM AUTHORITATIVENESS
recorded; only a part of what was  Verifying the truthfulness or  the author’s account on general
recorded has survived; only a part credibility of the evidence by sequence of events is
of what has survived has come to looking at its author; its context; corroborated by other historical
the historian’s attention.” (Louis the agenda behind its creation; records
Gottschalk, Understanding History the knowledge that informed it;
 The process of critically examining and its intended purpose RELEVANCE
and analyzing the records and  IDENTIFICATION OF THE AUTHOR  Chronicles a very significant event
survivals of the past Historians  AUTHOR’S ABILITY TO TELL THE in Philippine History from the
have to verify sources, to date TRUTH perspective of one of the
them, locate their place of origin,  AUTHOR’S WILLINGNESS TO TELL revolutionary leaders
and identify their intended THE TRUTH
function  CORROBORATION OF FACT PERSPECTIVE
 Historical sources are written by
HISTORICAL SOURCES HISTORICAL THINKING different authors with different
 Historical sources are objects from PERSPECTIVES – point of view of
the past or testimonies about the 3 MAJOR COMPONENTS OF EFFECTIVE the author or writer who was
past used by historians to create a HISTORICAL THINKING witness to an event
depiction of the past Historical 1. Sensitivity to multiple causation

12
BS

 E.g. Santiago Alvarez’ account of

the Tejeros Convention was
written from the perspective of a
Magdiwang faction member
 E.g. Early Christian missionaries
who came to the Philippines
portrayed early Filipinos as
uncivilized

13