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    Overall Embodied Energy in A Building

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    Neha Goel
    The embodied energy of a material refers to the energy used to extract, process, and produce the material. It accounts for all energy used in the material's lifecycle from extraction to disposal. Materials with fewer and simpler processing steps have lower embodied energy. The embodied energy also affects the material's price. While some materials with high embodied energy may use less energy when used in a product, often materials with less embodied energy can be substituted without loss of performance. Embodied energy is a significant component of the lifecycle cost of buildings, as buildings contain many materials, each contributing to the total embodied energy of the structure.

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    Overall Embodied Energy in A Building

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    Neha Goel
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    The embodied energy of a material refers to the energy used to extract, process, and produce the material. It accounts for all energy used in the material's lifecycle from extraction to disposal. Materials with fewer and simpler processing steps have lower embodied energy. The embodied energy also affects the material's price. While some materials with high embodied energy may use less energy when used in a product, often materials with less embodied energy can be substituted without loss of performance. Embodied energy is a significant component of the lifecycle cost of buildings, as buildings contain many materials, each contributing to the total embodied energy of the structure.

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    The embodied energy of a material refers to the energy used to extract, process, and produce the material. It accounts for all energy used in the material's lifecycle from extraction to disposal. Materials with fewer and simpler processing steps have lower embodied energy. The embodied energy also affects the material's price. While some materials with high embodied energy may use less energy when used in a product, often materials with less embodied energy can be substituted without loss of performance. Embodied energy is a significant component of the lifecycle cost of buildings, as buildings contain many materials, each contributing to the total embodied energy of the structure.

    Copyright:

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    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    20 views3 pages

    Overall Embodied Energy in A Building

    Uploaded by

    Neha Goel
    The embodied energy of a material refers to the energy used to extract, process, and produce the material. It accounts for all energy used in the material's lifecycle from extraction to disposal. Materials with fewer and simpler processing steps have lower embodied energy. The embodied energy also affects the material's price. While some materials with high embodied energy may use less energy when used in a product, often materials with less embodied energy can be substituted without loss of performance. Embodied energy is a significant component of the lifecycle cost of buildings, as buildings contain many materials, each contributing to the total embodied energy of the structure.

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    The embodied energy of a material refers to the energy used to extract, process and refine it before

    use in product manufacture. Embodied energy is an accounting methodology which aims to find the
    sum total of the energy necessary for an entire product lifecycle. This lifecycle includes raw material
    extraction, transport,[1]manufacture, assembly, installation, disassembly, deconstruction and/or
    decomposition.

    Therefore, a correlation exists between the number and type of processing steps and the embodied
    energy of materials. For example, the fewer and simpler the extraction, processing and refining steps
    involved in a material's production, the lower its embodied energy. The embodied energy of a material
    is always reflected in its price.

    In some cases, the most technically appropriate material will lower energy costs over the life cycle of
    a product. For example, composite materials involving carbon fibres or ceramic compounds may have
    a relatively high embodied energy, but when they are used appropriately, they can save energy in a
    product's use-phase due to their advanced physical properties, e.g., strength, stiffness, heat or wear
    resistance.

    On the other hand, materials with less embodied energy may often be substituted without a loss in
    product performance. Embodied energy is a significant component of the lifecycle cost of
    buildings.  Every building is a complex combination of many processed materials, each of which
    contributes to the building's total embodied energy. Renovation and maintenance also add to the
    embodied energy over a building's life.

    Components:
    Quarrying , raw processing of materials
    Processing/packing
    Transportation to site
    Fabrication /production of building components.
    Overall embodied energy in a building

     Range of embodied energy:


     Residential building (conventional) = 2240 KWHr/Sq.M
     Hospital building = 5460 KWHr/Sq.M
     Office building = 5320 KWHr/Sq.M
     Residential building= Cement stabilized soil blokes - =626 KWHr/Sq.M
     = RCC framed structure = 1248 KWHr/Sq.M
     Need for standardization for various building types.
    Application of embodied energy
     Primary level
     Consider alternative energy efficient building materials
     Secondary level:
     Consider alternative energy efficient construction techniques

    Illumination: Effective daylight utilization:


    • Daylight factor availability
    • Plan for Sky component (SC)
    • Enhance internal reflectance
    • Avoid obstructions and less dependence on external reflectance
    • Integrate radiation control and daylight admission
    • Consider all possibilities of daylight concepts (side / clearstory / top / sky / light courts etc.
    lighting options)
    • Plan daylight as a basic functional requirement
    • Ensure availability during earlier stages of design development
    • Analyze for main spaces
    • Integrate with electric lighting for residual requirement
    Efficient artificial (electric) lighting
    • Use of efficient light sources
    • Prescribing maximum budgeted power for illumination
    • Use of high efficiency luminaires
    • Control of exterior façade lighting
    • Use of timers and sensors
    • Use of functionally appropriate switching control
    Define quality and quantity standards

    Illumination (internal and exterior)


    • Consider reduced overall lighting with matched task lighting .
    • Take advantage of light colored finishes to reduce need for artificial lighting.
    • Choose highest efficiency discharge lamps.
    • Consider heat recovery from luminaries.
    • Design to highest possible maintenance factor.
    • Consider flexible layout permitting relocating of light fittings later.
    • Segregate essential from non- essential lighting.
    • Provide sufficient circuits to segregate intermittently-used fittings such as perimeter lights, etc.
    • Locate manual switches in the areas illuminated.
    • Consider automatic photoelectric controls.
    • Consider timers to turn off lights in areas used intermittently.
    • Use decorative, display and security lighting only where necessary.

    Daylight factor- It is the percentage ratio of daylight illumination at an indoor point on a given
    plane to the simultaneous outdoor illumination on a horixontal plane due to whole (unobstructed)
    sky vault, excluding direct sunlight. For clear design sky, the daylight factor is the sum of SC +
    ERC + IRC
    ERC- percentage ratio of illumination reaching directly at a given point after reflection from
    external surfaces to the design sky illumination.

    Indoor Air Quality refers to the nature of conditioned air that circulates throughout the
    space/area where we work and live, that is, the air we breathe during most of our lives.
    IAQ, refers not only to comfort, which is affected by temperature, humidity and odors,
    but, also to harmful biological contaminants and chemicals present in the conditioned
    space.

    1. In a conditioned space, since free passage of air is limited, with little or inadequate
    fresh air ventilation, it produces an indoor air environment with relatively high levels of
    contaminants, bacteria, fungi and dust.
    2. The indoor air will certainly have all of the
    pollutants of the outdoor or surrounding air and those, that are generated within the
    building by people and their activities like smoking, hair sprays, cleaning products,
    paints and pesticides spray residues, carpeting, copy machines and air-conditioning
    coolants. As a result, indoor air may contain concentration of some components which
    are greater than the outdoors ambient air.
    3. The composite effect of multiple pollutants can
    seriously impact human respiratory systems leading to various short term and long term
    illness.

    The origins of poor IAQ lie in the emphasis on energy conservation in the 1970's, which
    resulted in tighter buildings with recirculated air for building ventilation and minimum
    amounts of fresh air being brought into commercial buildings. Ventilation for comfort
    began to compete with ventilation for health. This minimized the amount of air to be
    heated or cooled and hence conserved on energy. This resulted in a situation described as
    the

    'Sick Building Syndrome' (SBS), a term which was used to describe the presence of
    acute non specific symptoms in the majority of people, caused by working in buildings
    with an adverse indoor environment. It was a cluster of complex irritative symptoms like
    irritation of the eyes, blockened nose and throat, headaches, dizziness, lethargy,
    fatigue irritation, wheezing, sinus, congestion, dry skin, skin rash, sensory
    discomfort from odors and nausea. These symptoms are usually short term and
    experienced immediately after exposure; and may disappear when you leave the building.

    Ventilation for health and comfort VS the energy spent on heating and cooling of outside air.

    The economic consequences of the SBS and BRI are decreased productivity,
    absenteeism and the legal implications if worker IAQ complaints are left unresolved.
    Carbon dioxide levels in an
    airconditioned room is a good indicator of occupancy and ventilation rate within a
    space. CO2 by itself is not considered an indoor air contaminant and humans are the
    major source of CO2. However, if, CO2 levels in a room are higher than 1000 ppm, then it
    is an indication that not enough outdoor air is coming in to dilute the CO2 level

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