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    The document discusses steel design specifications, loads, and design philosophies. It states that steel design is governed by building codes which specify design loads, stresses, material quality and other factors. Loads on a structure can be classified as dead loads from the structure itself, live loads from occupancy/use, and environmental loads like wind and snow. The two main design philosophies are Allowable Stress Design which uses working stresses below material elastic limits, and Load and Resistance Factor Design which applies load and resistance factors to account for load and material uncertainties.

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    ch2 PDF

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    Deepum Hallooman
    72 views14 pages
    The document discusses steel design specifications, loads, and design philosophies. It states that steel design is governed by building codes which specify design loads, stresses, material quality and other factors. Loads on a structure can be classified as dead loads from the structure itself, live loads from occupancy/use, and environmental loads like wind and snow. The two main design philosophies are Allowable Stress Design which uses working stresses below material elastic limits, and Load and Resistance Factor Design which applies load and resistance factors to account for load and material uncertainties.

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    The document discusses steel design specifications, loads, and design philosophies. It states that steel design is governed by building codes which specify design loads, stresses, material quality and other factors. Loads on a structure can be classified as dead loads from the structure itself, live loads from occupancy/use, and environmental loads like wind and snow. The two main design philosophies are Allowable Stress Design which uses working stresses below material elastic limits, and Load and Resistance Factor Design which applies load and resistance factors to account for load and material uncertainties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    72 views14 pages

    ch2 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Deepum Hallooman
    The document discusses steel design specifications, loads, and design philosophies. It states that steel design is governed by building codes which specify design loads, stresses, material quality and other factors. Loads on a structure can be classified as dead loads from the structure itself, live loads from occupancy/use, and environmental loads like wind and snow. The two main design philosophies are Allowable Stress Design which uses working stresses below material elastic limits, and Load and Resistance Factor Design which applies load and resistance factors to account for load and material uncertainties.

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    of 14

    STEEL DESIGN

    Chapter 2:
    Specifications, Loads and Method of Design
    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda
    Steel Design

    Specifications

    • The design of Structural Steel is controlled and


    governed by building codes.

    • These codes specify minimum:

    A. Design Loads
    B. Design Stresses
    C. Construction Types
    D. Material Quality
    E. Other Factors
    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda
    Steel Design

    1
    Specifications

    • Examples:

    • American Association of State Highway and


    Transportation Officials (AASHTO)

    • American Concrete Institute (ACI)

    • American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)

    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda


    Steel Design

    Specifications

    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda


    Steel Design

    2
    Steel Construction Manual

    • Part 1: Dimensions and Properties


    • Part 2: General Design Considerations
    • Part 3: Design of Flexure Members
    • Part 4: Design of Compression Members
    • Part 5: Design of Tension Members
    • Part 6: Design of Members Subjected to Combined
    Loadings
    • Part 7: Design Considerations for Bolts
    • Part 8: Design Considerations for Welds
    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda
    Steel Design

    Steel Construction Manual

    • Part 9: Design of Connecting Elements


    • Part 10: Design of Simple Shear Connections
    • Part 11: Design of Flexible Moment Connections
    • Part 12: Design of Fully Restrained (FR) Moment
    Connections.
    • Part 13: Design of Bracing Connections and Truss
    Connections
    • Part 14: Design of Beam Bearing Plates, Column Base
    Plates, Anchor Rods, and Column Splices
    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda
    Steel Design

    3
    Steel Construction Manual

    • Part 15: Design of Hanger Connections, Bracket


    Plates, and Crane-Rail Connections
    • Part 16: Specifications and Codes
    • Part 17: Miscellaneous Data and Math Information

    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda


    Steel Design

    Loads

    • The objective of a structural engineer is to design a


    structure that will be able to withstand all the loads to
    which it is subjected while serving its intended
    purpose throughout its intended life span.

    • Loads can be classified as:

    1. Dead Loads
    2. Live Loads
    3. Environmental Loads
    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda
    Steel Design

    4
    Loads

    • Dead Loads:

    • Dead load is a fixed position gravity service load.

    • Dead loads are usually known accurately.

    • Dead loads can be determined from many codes such


    as International Building Code (IBC), ASCE, Jordanian
    Code for Load and Forces, … etc.

    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda


    Steel Design

    Loads

    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda


    Steel Design

    5
    Loads

    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda


    Steel Design

    Loads

    • Live Loads:

    • Live loads are loads that may change in position and


    magnitude.

    • Live loads are caused when a structure is occupied,


    used and maintained.

    • Live loads can be determined from many codes such


    as International Building Code (IBC), ASCE, Jordanian
    Code for Load and Forces, … etc.
    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda
    Steel Design

    6
    Loads

    • Examples:

    i. Floor Loads:
    ii. Traffic Loads for Bridges
    iii. Impact Loads
    iv. Longitudinal loads
    v. Other loads (soil pressure, hydrostatic pressure,
    blast loads……)

    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda


    Steel Design

    Loads

    • Environmental loads:

    i. Snow Loads
    ii. Rain Loads
    iii. Wind Loads
    iv. Earthquake Loads

    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda


    Steel Design

    7
    Two Design Philosophies

    1. Allowable Stress Design (ASD)

    • A member is selected that has cross-sectional


    properties such as area and moment of inertia that
    are large enough to prevent the maximum applied
    axial force, shear, or bending moment from exceeding
    an allowable, or permissible value. This value is
    obtained by:

    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda


    Steel Design

    Two Design Philosophies

    • This approach is also called Elastic Design or Working


    Stress Design.

    • Two assumptions:

    1. Use service loads (working loads).

    2. The allowable stress is in the elastic range of the


    material.

    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda


    Steel Design

    8
    Two Design Philosophies

    2. Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

    • A member is selected by using the criterion that the


    structure will fail at a load substantially higher than
    the working load.

    • Two assumptions:

    1. Load factors are applied to service loads.

    2. The theoretical strength of the member is reduced by


    the applications of a resistance factor.
    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda
    Steel Design

    Two Design Philosophies

    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda


    Steel Design

    9
    Two Design Philosophies

    • The reason for amplifying the loads is to account for


    the uncertainty in estimating the loads

    • Load Factors (ASCE 2002) :

    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda


    Steel Design

    Two Design Philosophies

    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda


    Steel Design

    10
    Two Design Philosophies

    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda


    Steel Design

    Two Design Philosophies

    • Strength or Resistance Factor:

    • Strength factors are usually reduction factors that


    applied to the strength (stress , force, moment) of the
    member to account for the uncertainties in material
    strengths, dimensions and workmanship.

    • These values are:


    1. 0.85 for columns.
    2. 0.75 or 0.90 for tension members.
    3. 0.90 for bending or shear in beams.
    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda
    Steel Design

    11
    Example

    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda


    Steel Design

    Example

    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda


    Steel Design

    12
    Example

    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda


    Steel Design

    Frequency Distributions of Load Q &


    Resistance R

    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda


    Steel Design

    13
    Comparison of load and resistance factor
    design with allowable stress design for
    tension members

    Dr. Hasan Katkhuda


    Steel Design

    14

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