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This document summarizes the theory of reduced stiffness matrices for orthotropic lamina and how they are transformed when the lamina is rotated. It defines the reduced stiffness matrix [Q] for an orthotropic lamina under plane stress with elastic constants E1, E2, ν12, and G12. It then shows how this matrix is transformed into [Q̄] when the lamina is rotated by an angle θ from the x-axis, accounting for coupling between stresses and strains. The transformed matrix retains the same four independent elastic constants but has non-zero values in all nine positions, with some terms being zero at rotation angles of 0 and 90 degrees.

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85 views2 pages

Comp 1

This document summarizes the theory of reduced stiffness matrices for orthotropic lamina and how they are transformed when the lamina is rotated. It defines the reduced stiffness matrix [Q] for an orthotropic lamina under plane stress with elastic constants E1, E2, ν12, and G12. It then shows how this matrix is transformed into [Q̄] when the lamina is rotated by an angle θ from the x-axis, accounting for coupling between stresses and strains. The transformed matrix retains the same four independent elastic constants but has non-zero values in all nine positions, with some terms being zero at rotation angles of 0 and 90 degrees.

Uploaded by

Einav Karat
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

THEORY OF PLATES AND SHELLS

Colorado State University


P.R. Heyliger
Fall 2006

REDUCED STIFFNESS MATRIX

The stress-strain relationship for an orthotropic lamina with the elastic constants E1 , E2 , ν12 and G12
under the assumptions of plane stress can be written as

{τ } = [Q] {} (1)


or
    
 σ1  Q11 Q12 0  1 
σ2 =  Q12 Q22 0  2 (2)
τ12 0 0 Q66 γ12
   

where these quantities are defined as


2
S22 E1 C13
Q11 = 2 = = C11 − (3)
S11 S22 − S12 1 − ν12 ν21 C33
S12 ν12 E2 ν21 E1 C13 C23
Q12 = − 2 = = = C12 − (4)
S11 S22 − S12 1 − ν12 ν21 1 − ν12 ν21 C33

S11 E2 C2
Q22 = 2 = = C22 − 23 (5)
S11 S22 − S12 1 − ν12 ν21 C33
1
Q66 = = G12 = C66 (6)
S66

Here the material compliances are the same as discussed in class (where we note that we will usually be
given the four in-plane values E1 , E2 , G12 , and ν12 ):

1
S11 = S12 = − νE121 = − νE212
E1
1 1
S22 = S66 = G12 (7)
E2

1
TRANSFORMED REDUCED STIFFNESS MATRIX

The stress-strain relationship for an orthotropic lamina with the elastic constants E1 , E2 , ν12 and G12
under the assumptions of plane stress that has been rotated a positive angle θ from the x-axis can be written
(after performing the matrix operations we did in class) as

{τ } = Q̄ {} (8)
or
    
 σx  Q̄11 Q̄12 Q̄16  x 
σy =  Q̄12 Q̄22 Q̄26  y (9)
τxy Q̄16 Q̄26 Q̄66 γxy
   

where these quantities are defined as

Q̄11 = Q11 cos4 θ + 2(Q12 + 2Q66 ) sin2 θ cos2 θ + Q22 sin4 θ (10)

Q̄12 = (Q11 + Q22 − 4Q66 ) sin2 θ cos2 θ + Q12 (sin4 θ + cos4 θ) (11)

Q̄22 = Q11 sin4 θ + 2(Q12 + 2Q66 ) sin2 θ cos2 θ + Q22 cos4 θ (12)

Q̄16 = (Q11 − Q12 − 2Q66 ) sin θ cos3 θ + (Q12 − Q22 + 2Q66 ) sin3 θ cos θ (13)

Q̄26 = (Q11 − Q12 − 2Q66 ) sin3 θ cos θ + (Q12 − Q22 + 2Q66 ) sin θ cos3 θ (14)

Q̄66 = (Q11 + Q22 − 2Q12 − 2Q66 ) sin2 θ cos2 θ + Q66 (sin4 θ + cos4 θ) (15)
We note the following points about this matrix:

• Even though all nine positions of the matrix are (possibly) non-zero, this matrix is still a function of
only four independent elastic constants.
• There is coupling between the shear stresses and normal strains, and coupling between normal stresses
and shear strains.
• The bar over the Q terms will indicate a that the stiffnesses have been transformed.
• For some angles (i.e. 0 and 90 degree’s) the 16 and 26 terms are zero.
• The orthotropic lamina oriented at an angle is often called a generally orthotropic lamina to distinguish
it from materials that are more anisotropic. In other words, the material behavior appears to be highly
anisotropic, but if we orient the material in a certain coordinate system (i.e. the material coordinates
1 and 2), we have a specially orthotropic lamina. This phrase is sometimes used to denote a lamina
whose principal material axes coincide with the natural body axes for the problem.

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