UNIT-I

Assignment-Cum-Tutorial Questions
A. Questions testing the remembering / understanding level of students
I)

1. What do you understand by flow in open channel?

2. Differentiate between critical, sub critical and super critical flow in open channel.
1. Explain the terms : i) rapidly varying flow ii)gradually varying flow.
2. What is meant by economical section of a channel?
3. Explain the terms: i) specific energy of a flowing liquid
4. Explain the terms : mild ,critical ,steep ,horizontal and adverse slopes
5. What is meant by energy dissipation?
6. Write bazin‟s formula for uniform flow.

II) Descriptive Questions

1. Derive the condition for the best side slope of the most economical trapezoidal channel.
2. Derive the expression for discharge through a channel by Chezy’s formula
3. Derive the conditions for most economical section of a rectangular channel
4. Explain the terms specific energy of flowing liquid, minimum specific energy, critical
depth in detail
5. Derive an expression for critical depth and critical velocity
6. Explain specific energy curve

B.
I) Multiple Choice Questions

1. The phenomenon occurring in an open channel when a rapidly flowing stream abruptly
changes to slowly flowing stream causing a distinct rise of liquid surface, is
a. Water hammer
b. Hydraulic jump
c. Critical discharge
d. None of the above

2. For a given discharge in a horizontal frictionless channel two depths may have the same
specific force. These two depths are known as
a. Specific depths
b. Sequent depths
c. Alternate depths
d. Normal depth and critical depth

3. Hydraulic jump is a
a) Steady flow b) uniform flow c) unsteady flow d) non uniform flow

4. If the specific energy at upstream section of a rectangular channel is 3m and minimum

specific energy is 2.5m, the maximum height of jump with out causing afflux will be

a) 0.50m b) 1.20m c) 2.50m d) 5.50m

5.For the same specific force the two depths which give a constant discharge can occur are
called
a) alternate depths b) normal depths c) critical depths d) conjugate depths

II) Descriptive Questions

1. Derive an expression for the depth of hydraulic jump in terms of Froude number
2. A power canal of trapezoidal section has to be excavated through hard clay at the least
cost. Determine the dimensions of the channel given, discharge equal to 14m3/s, bed
slope 1:2500 and Manning’s N-0.020.
3. A trapezoidal channel with side slopes of 3 horizontal to 2 vertical has to be designed to
convey 10 m3 /s at a velocity of 1.5 m/s so that the amount of concrete lining for the bed
and sides is minimum. Find the wetted perimeter and slope of the bed if Manning’s
N=0.014 in the formula C=m1/6(1/N).
4. The depth of flow of water at a certain section of a rectangular channel of 2m wide is
0.3m. The discharge through the channel is 1.5 m3 /s. Find whether a hydraulic jump will
occur and if so find its height and loss of energy per kg of water
5. Derive the condition for maximum discharge for a given value of specific energy

C. Questions testing analysis/ evaluation ability of students

1. The discharge of water through a rectangular channel of width 8m is 15m3/s when depth
of flow of water is 1.2m. Calculate
i) specific energy of the flowing water,
ii) critical depth and critical velocity
iii) value of minimum specific energy
2. Find the bed slope of trapezoidal channel of bed width 6m, depth of water 3m and side
slope of horizontal to 4 vertical, when the discharge through the channel is 30 m 3/s. take
chezy’s constant, C= 70.
3. Determine the economical cross-section for an open channel of trapezoidal section with
side slopes of 1 vertical to 2 horizontal, to carry 10 m/s, the bed slope being 1/2000. Assume
Manning coefficient as 0.022.
4. Determine the economical cross-section for an open channel of trapezoidal section with
side slopes of 1 vertical to 2 horizontal, to carry 10 m3/s, the bed slope being 1/2000. Assume
Manning coefficient as 0.022.
5. A Wide channel of uniform rectangular section with a slope of 1/95 has a flow rate of
3.75m3/s/m. The Manning constant is 0.013. Suddenly the slope changes to 1/1420.
Determine the normal depths for each case. Show that a hydraulic jump has to occur and
calculate the downstream flow height.
6. A rectangular channel of 5 m width discharges water at the rate of 1.5 m3/s into a 5 m wide
apron with 1/3000 slope at a velocity of 5 m/s. Determine the height of the hydraulic jump
and energy loss
7. Water is discharged at a velocity of 8 m/s with a depth of 0.7 m in a horizontal rectangular
open channel of constant width when the sluice gate is opened upwards. Determine the
height of the hydraulic jump and the loss of energy
8. Prove that for the trapezoidal channel of most economical section. Half of top width =
Length of one of the sloping sides. Hydraulic mean depth = 1/2 Depth of flow.

D. Gate questions
1. A circular pipe has a diameter of 1 m, bed slope of 1 in 1000, and Manning’s roughness
coefficient equal to 0.01. It may be treated as an open channel flow when it is flowing just
full, i.e., the water level just touches the crest. The discharge in this condition is denoted by
Qfull. Similarly, the discharge when the pipe is flowing half-full, i.e., with a flow depth of 0.5
m, is denoted by Qhalf . The ratio of Qfull/ Qhalf.
.
(A) 1 (B) √2 (C) 2 (D) 4

2. A hydraulic jump takes place in a frictionless rectangular channel. The pre-jump depth is
Yp. The alternate and sequent depths corresponding to Yp are Ya and Ys respectively. The
correct relationship among Yp , Ya and Ys is:
(A) Ya<Ys<Yp (B) Yp<Ys< Ya
(C) Yp<Ys=Ya (D) Yp=Ys=Ya
3. A hydraulic jump is formed in a 2 m wide rectangular channel which is horizontal and
frictionless. The post-jump depth and velocity are 0.8 m and 1 m/s, respectively. The pre-
jump velocity is _______________ m/s. (use g = 10 m/s2)

4. A short reach of a 2 m wide rectangular open channel has its bed level rising in the
direction of flow at a slope of 1 in 10000. It carries a discharge of 4 m 3/s and its Manning’s
roughness coefficient is 0.01. The flow in this reach is gradually varying. At a certain section
in this reach, the depth of flow was measured as 0.5 m. The rate of change of the water depth
with distance, dy/dx, at this section is _______________ (use g = 10 m/s2).

5. A 3 m wide rectangular channel carries a flow of 6m 3/s. The depth of flow at a section P is
0.5 m. A flat-topped hump is to be placed at the downstream of the section P. Assume
negligible energy loss between section P and hump, and consider g as 9.81 m/s2. The
maximum height of the hump (expressed in m) which will not change the depth of flow at
section P is _________

UNIT-II

Assignment-Cum-Tutorial Questions
A. Questions testing the remembering / understanding level of students

I
1. What are the methods of dimensional analysis?
2. What do you mean by repeating variable?
3. State Buckingham’s π- theorem
4. What do you mean by fundamental units and derived units? Give examples
5. Define the terms dimensional analysis and model analysis
6. Explain the term dimensionally homogeneous equation
II
1. Explain the terms distorted models and undistorted models. What is the use of
distorted models
2. Define the terms: model, prototype, model analysis, and hydraulic similitude.
3. What are the methods of dimensional analysis? Describe the Rayleigh’s method for
dimensional analysis.
4. What is meant by geometric, kinematic and dynamic similarities?
5. What do you mean by dimensionless number? Name any three dimensionless number
6. Explain the different types of hydraulic similarities that must exist between a
prototype and its model.
7. State Buckingham’s П-theorem. Why this theorem is considered superior over the
Rayleigh’s method for dimensional analysis.
8. What do you mean by repeating variables? How are the repeating variables selected
for dimensional analysis?

B. Question testing the ability of students in applying the concepts

Multiple Choice questions

1. Water is flowing through a pipe of diameter 30cm at a velocity of 4m/s. Find the velocity
of oil flowing in another pipe of diameter 10 cm, if the condition of dynamic similarity is
satisfied between the two pipes. The viscosity of water and oil is given as 0.01 poise and .025
poise. The specific gravity of oil=0.8.
a) 37.5m/s b) 42.5m/s c) 45m/s d) 50m/s

2. A pipe of diameter 1.5m is required to transport an oil of specific gravity of 0.90 and
viscosity 3 X10-2 poise and at the rate of 3000litre/s. Tests were conducted on a 15cm
diameter pipe using water at 20oc. The rate of flow in the model when Viscosity of water at
20oc=0.01 poise would be
a) 5.1 m3/s b) 5.5m3/s c) 6m3/s d) 9m3/s

3. A 1:15 model of a flying boat is towed through water. The prototype is moving in sea
water of density of 1024kg/m3 at a velocity of 20m/s. The corresponding speed of the model
would be
a) 5.165m/s b)3.215m/s c) 6.3m/s d)8m/s

4). In a model experiment with weir, if the dimensions of the model are reduced by a factor
‘k’, the flow rate through the model weir is the following fraction of the flow rate through the
prototype.
a) k2.5 b) k2 c) k-1 d) k-2

5). The number of π parameters needed to express the equation with 6 variables is
a) 3 b) 2 c) 4 d) 5

6). A 1:30 ogee spillway model crest records and acceleration of 1.3m/sec2 at certain
location. The homologous value of the acceleration in prototype of m/sec2 is
a) 0.043 b) 0.237 c) 1.30 d) 7.2

II Descriptive questions
1. Determine the dimensions of the quantities given below i) angular velocity ii) angular
acceleration iii) discharge iv) Kinematic viscosity v) Force
vi) Specific weight
2. Time period (t) of a pendulum depends upon the length (L) of the pendulum and
acceleration due to gravity (g). Derive an expression for the time period.
3. Derive the expression for the power P, developed by a pump when P depends upon the
head H, the discharge Q and specific weight w of the fluid.
4. The efficiency η of a fan depends on the density ρ, the dynamic viscosity μ of the fluid, the
angular velocity ω, diameter D of the rotor and the discharge Q. Express η in terms of
dimensionless parameters.
5. Explain Reynolds’s number, Froude’s number and Mach number. Derive expressions for
any above two numbers.
6. A model of submarine of scale 1/40 is tested in a wind tunnel. Find the speed of air in wind
tunnel if the speed of submarine in sea is 15m/s. Also find the ratio of resistance between the
model and its prototype. Take values of kinematic viscosities for sea water and air as 0.12
stokes and 0.016 stokes respectively. The density of sea water and of air is given as
1030kg/m3 and 1.24 kg/m3 respectively.

UNIT-III

Assignment-Cum-Tutorial Questions
A. Questions testing the remembering / understanding level of students
I
1. Define the term Impact of jets
2. What is angular momentum principle
3. Write the expression for force exerted by the jet of water on a fixed vertical plate in the
direction of jet
4. The impact of a jet on a normal flat vane is maximum when
a) the vanes move in the direction of jet
b) the vanes move opposite to the direction of jet
c) the vane is stationary
d) series of such vanes are mounted on a wheel
5. Curved vanes are preferred to flat vanes in a hydraulic turbine for the following reason
a) low cost of maintenance
b) higher hydraulic efficiency can be obtained
c) convenience of moulding and machining
d) it is impossible to use high velocity jets
6. Water flows over a series of curved vanes mounted on a wheel. The component of
velocity of water in the radial direction of the wheel is called
a) relative velocityb) velocity of flow c) velocity of whirl d) wheel velocity
7. The relative velocity of a whirl in a hydraulic turbo machine is defined as
a) absolute velocity in the tangential direction
b) absolute velocity in the radial direction
c) relative velocity in the tangential direction
d) relative velocity in the tangential direction

II Descriptive

1. Differentiate between the force exerted by a jet on a single curved moving plate and a
series of curved moving plate
2. Prove that the force exerted by a jet of water on a fixed semi-circular plate in the
direction
of the jet when the jet strikes at the center of the semi-circular plate is two times the force
exerted by the jet on an fixed vertical plate
3. Derive the expression for force, work done and efficiency of a jet striking at the center of
the series of vanes connected to a rim , such that each time one vane is facing the jet
4. Derive the expression for the force exerted by a water jet on a plate moving in the same
direction of the jet with a velocity less than that of the jet.
5. Show that the force exerted by the jet of water on an inclined fixe plate in the direction of
jet is Fx= ρaV2 sin2 θ

B. Question testing the ability of students in applying the concepts

1. A jet of fluid of area a, and velocity V impinges on a normal flat plate which itself
moves in the direction of jet at velocity u. The mass rate f flow striking the plate is
a) ρaV b) ρa(V+u) c) ρa(V-u) d) ρa(V-u)2

2. The force of impact of liquid jet of area a and velocity V on a moving normal flat vane
moving in the direction of jet at velocity u
a) ρa(V-u)2 b) ρa(V-u) c) ρau(V-u) d) ρaV(V-u)

3. A liquid jet of area a and velocity V strikes a series of normal flat vanes mounted on a
wheel the vane velocity being u. The force of impact is
a) ρa(V-u) b) ρa(V-u)2 c) ρau(V-u) d) ρauV

4. A series of normal flat vanes are mounted on the periphery of a wheel, the vane speed
being v. For maximum efficiency, the speed of the liquid jet striking the vanes should be
a) v/3 b) v/2 c) v d) 2v

II Descriptive
1. A water jet 20 mm in diameter and having a velocity of 90 m/s strikes series of
moving blades in a wheel. The direction of the jet makes 20° with the direction of
movement of the blade. The blade angle at inlet is 35°. If the jet should enter the
blade without striking, what should be the blade velocity? If the outlet angle of the
blade is 30°, determine the force on the blade. Assume that there is no friction
involved in the flow over the blade.

2. A jet of water of diameter 50 mm moving with a velocity of 20 m/s strikes a fixed

plate in such a way that the angle between the jet and the plate is 60°. Find the force
exerted by the jet on the plate (i) in the direction normal to the plate, and (ii) in the
direction of the jet.

3. A jet of water having a velocity of 15m/sec strikes a curved vane which is moving
with a velocity of 5m/sec. The vane is symmetrical and it is so shaped that the jet is
deflected through 1200. Find the angle of the jet at inlet of the vane so that there is no
shock. What is the absolute velocity of the jet at outlet in magnitude and direction and
the work done per second per kg of water? Assume the vane to be smooth.

4. A 4 cm diameter water jet with a velocity of 35 m/s impinges on a single vane

moving in the same direction at a velocity of 20 m/s. The jet enters the vane
tangentially along the x direction. The vane deflects the jet by 150°. Calculate the
force exerted by the water on the vane.
5. Find the force exerted by a jet of water of diameter 100 mm on a stationary flat plate,
when the jet strikes the plate normally with a velocity of 30 m/s
6. A blade turns the jet of diameter 3 cm at a velocity of 20 m/s by 60°. Determine the
force exerted by the blade on the fluid
C. Questions testing analysis/ evaluation ability of students
1. A jet of water of diameter 100mm strikes a curved plate at its center with a velocity
of 15m/s. the curved plate is moving with a velocity of 7m/s in the direction of jet.
The jet is deflected through an angle of 150 0. Assuming the plate smooth find: i) force
exerted on the plate in the direction of the jet, ii) power of the jet and iii) efficiency.
2. A jet of water having a velocity of 30m/s strikes a curved vane, which is moving with
a velocity of 15m/s. The jet makes an angle of 300 with the direction of motion of
vane at inlet and leaves at an angle of 1200 to the direction of motion of vane at outlet.
Calculate: i) Vane angles, if the water enters and leaves the vane without shock, ii)
work done per second per unit weight of water striking the vanes per second
Assignment-Cum-Tutorial Questions
A. Questions testing the remembering / understanding level of students
I
1. Differentiate between inward and outward radial flow turbine
2. How cavitations be avoided in reaction turbine
3. Differentiate between the radial and axial flow turbines
4. Define and explain hydraulic efficiency and mechanical efficiency
5. Differentiate between the impulse and reaction turbine
6. Differentiate between the turbines and pumps

II Descriptive

1. Explain how hydraulic turbines are classified

2. What do you understand by the characteristics curves of turbine? Name the important
characteristics of a turbine.
3. Explain the different types of the efficiency of a turbine
4. Define the specific speed of the turbine? Derive an expression for the specific speed. What
is the significance of specific speed of the turbine.
5. Explain briefly the principles on which a Kaplan turbine works
6. What is a draft tube and what are its functions
7. Describe the working of a Pelton wheel.

B Question testing the ability of students in applying the concepts

1. The use of a draft tube in a reaction type water turbine helps to:.
(a) Prevent air from entering (b) Increase the flow rate
(c) Convert the kinetic energy to pressure energy
(d) all the above
2. Consider the following statements regarding a draft tube used in water
turbines:
1. It reduces the discharge velocity of water to minimize the loss of kinetic
energy at the outlet.
2. It permits the turbine to be set above the tail race without any appreciable
drop in available head.
3. It is used in both impulse and reaction type of water turbines.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 only
3. Which of the following water turbines does not require a draft tube?
(a) Propeller turbine (b) Pelton turbine
(c) Kaplan turbine (d) Francis turbine
4. A hydraulic power station has the fol1owing major items in the hydraulic
circuit:
1. Draft tube 2. Runner 3. Guide wheel 4. Penstock 5. Scroll case
The correct sequence of these items in the direction of flow is:
(a) 4,2,3,1,5 (b) 4,3,2,5,1 (c) 1,2,3,5,4 (d) 1,3,24,5
5. The movable wicket gates of a reaction turbine are used to:
(a) Control the flow of water passing through the turbine.
(b) Control the pressure under which the turbine is working.
(c) Strengthen the casing of the turbine
(d) Reduce the size of the turbine.

II Descriptive

1. The following data pertain to a Kaplan turbine Power available at shaft=8850kW,

Net available head = 5.5m, Speed ratio = 2.1, Flow ratio=0.67, Overall efficiency =
85%, Assuming that hub diameter of the wheel is 0.35times the outside diameter,
determine (a) Runner diameter (b) Runner speed

2. A Francis turbine working under a head of 5 m at a speed of 210 rpm develops 75

KW when the rate of flow of water is 1.8 m3/ sec. If the head is increased to 16 m,
determine the speed, discharge and power

3. Two jets strike at bucket of a Pelton wheel, which is having shaft power as 14,715
kW. The diameter of each jet is given as 150 mm. If the net head on the turbine is 500
m, find the overall efficiency of the turbine. Take Cv = 1.0

4. A pelton wheel develops 300Kw under a head of 300m. The overall efficiency of the
turbine is 83%. If speed ratio is 0.46, Cv = 0.98 and specific speed is 16.5 then find i)
diameter of the turbine ii) diameter of the jet
5. A turbine develops 9000Kw when running at a speed of 140 r.p.m and under a head
of 30m. Determine the specific speed of the turbine

C. Questions testing analysis/ evaluation ability of students

1. A Pelton wheel is having a mean bucket diameter of 0.8 m and is running at 1000
r.p.m. The net head on the Pelton wheel is 400 m. If the side clearance angle is 15°
and discharge through nozzle is 150 liters/s, find (i) Power available at the nozzle,
and (ii) Hydraulic efficiency of the turbine

2. A Kaplan turbine is to develop 2400 KW when running at 240 rpm under a net head
of 49m. In order to predict its performance a model of scale 1:5 is tested under a net
head of 25m. At what speed should the model run and what power would it develop.
Determine the discharge in the model and in full scale turbine if the overall efficiency
of the model is 85%

D. Gate Questions

1. The mechanical efficiency of an impulse turbine is

a) ratio of the actual power produced by the turbine to the energy actually supplied by the
turbine
b) ratio of the actual work available at the turbine to the energy imparted to the wheel
c) ratio of the Work done on the wheel to the energy of the jet
d) none of the above

2. In a reaction turbine, the draft tube is used

a) to run the turbine full
b) to prevent air to enter the turbine
c) to increase the head of water by an amount equal to the height of the runner outlet above
the tail race
d) to transport water to downstream
3. The ratio of quantity of liquid discharged per second from the pump to the quantity of
liquid passing per second through the impeller is known as
a) manometric efficiency b) mechanical efficiency
c) overall efficiency d) volumetric efficiency

4. In a Kaplan turbine runner, the numbers of blades are generally between

a) 2 to 4 b) 4 to 8 c) 8 to l6 d) 16 to 24
5.
5. If Hg is the gross or total head and hf is the head lost due to friction, then net or effective
head (H) is given by
a) H = Hg/hf b) H = Hg x hf c) H = Hg + hf d) H = Hg - hf
UNIT-V

Assignment-Cum-Tutorial Questions
A. Questions testing the remembering / understanding level of students
I
1. Discuss about cavitations in turbines
2. What is meant by governing of turbines
3. What are surge tanks
4. Define Unit speed
5. Define Unit power
6. Define Unit discharge
7. What are the physical indicators for the presence of cavitations in turbines?
8. What is the use of specific speed?

II Descriptive

1. What is Specific Speed of turbine? Derive the equation for Specific Speed.
2. What do you understand by the characteristics curves of turbine? Name the important
Characteristics of a turbine..
3. What are unit quantities/ Define unit quantities for a turbine? Why are they important
4. Obtain an expression for unit speed, unit discharge and unit power of a turbine
is the significance of specific speed of the turbine.
5. Define the term governing of a turbine. Describe with a neat sketch the working of an oil
pressure governor.

B. Question testing the ability of students in applying the concepts

I
1. At hydroelectric power site, available head and flow rate are 24.5 m and 10.1 m3/s
respectively. If the turbine to be installed is required to run at 4.0 revolution per second (rps)
with an overall efficiency 90%, then suitable type of turbine for the site is
a) Francis b)Kaplan c) Pelton d) Propeller

2. A hydraulic turbine develops 1000 kW power for a head of 40m. if the head id reduced to
20 m, the power developed (in kW) is
(A) 177 b) 354 c) 500 d) 707
3. Cavitation occurs at
a) high pressure b) low pressure c) atmospheric pressure d)none of the above
4. In cavitation, the material fails
a) by fatigue
b) due to creep
c) due to impact load
d) due to fracture
5. Which one of the following forms of draft tube will NOT improve the hydraulic efficiency
of the turbine?
(a) Straight cylindrical (b) Conical type (c) Bell-mouthed (d) Bent tube
6. Assertion (A): The specific speed of a Pelton turbine is low. Reason (R): Pelton turbine
works under a high head and handles low discharge.
(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false (d) A is false but R is true
II

1. A turbine develops 7225KW power under a head of 25 meters at 135 r.p.m . Calculate
the specific speed of the turbine and state the turbine.

2. A turbine is o operate under a head of 25m at 200 r.p.m. The discharge is 9 cumec. If the
efficiency is 90%, determine
i) specific speed of the machine ii) power generated iii) type of turbine

3. A turbine develops 9000KW when running at a speed of 140 r.p.m. and under a head of
30m. Determine the specific speed of the turbine.

4. A pelton wheel develops 300Kw under a head of 300m. The overall efficiency of the
turbine is 83%. If speed ratio is 0.46, Cv = 0.98 and specific speed is 16.5 then find i)
diameter of the turbine ii) diameter of the jet
5. Draw a general layout of a hydroelectric power plant and explain it.

C. Questions testing analysis/ evaluation ability of students

1. A Pelton wheel develops 8000kW under a net head of 130m at a speed of 200 r.p.m.
assuming the Coefficient of velocity for the nozzle 0.98, hydraulic efficiency 87%,
speed ratio 0.46 and jet diameter to wheel diameter ratio 1/9, determine
i) the discharge required ii) the diameter of the wheel iii) the diameter
and number of jets required, and mechanical efficiency is 75% iv) specific speed

2. A turbine develops 7460 KW under a head of 25m at 135 rpm. What is the specific
speed? What would be its normal speed and power under a head of 18 m.
3. A pelton wheel is revolving at a speed of 190 r.p.m. and develops 5150.25kW when
working under a head of 220m with an overall efficiency of 80%. Determine unit
speed, unit discharge and unit power. The sped ratio for the turbine is given as o.47.
Find the speed, discharge and power when this turbine is working under a head of
140m.
D. Gate Questions

1. The speed of a turbine runner is

a) directly proportional to H1/2 b)inversely proportional to H1/2
c) directly proportional to H3/2 d) inversely proportional to H3/2

2. A Pelton wheel develops 1750 kW under a head of 100 metres while running at 200 r.p.m.
and discharging 2500 litres of water per second. The unit power of the wheel is
a)0.25 kW b) 0.75 kW c) 1.75 kW d) 3.75 kW

3. The specific speed of a centrifugal pump, delivering 750 litres of water per second against
a head of 15 metres at 725 r.p.m., is
a)24.8 r.p.m. b) 48.2 r.p.m c) 82.4 r.p.m. d) 248 r.p.m

4. Which of the following turbine is preferred for 0 to 25 m head of water?

a)Pelton wheel b) Kaplan turbine c) Francis turbine d) none of these

5. When the speed of the pump increases, its net positive suction head (NPSH) requirement
decreases.
a) Agree b) Disagree
UNIT-VI

Assignment-Cum-Tutorial Questions
A. Questions testing the remembering / understanding level of students
I

1. Define a centrifugal pump

2. Differentiate between the volute casing and vortex casing for the centrifugal pump
3. Define the terms i) suction head ii)delivery head iii)static head iv ) manometric head
4. What is priming? Why is it necessary?
5. What is the difference between single stage and multi stage pump?
6. Define the specific speed of a centrifugal pump

II Descriptive

1. How will you find an expression for the minimum speed for starting a centrifugal
pump?
2. What is the difference between single stage and multi stage pump? Describe multi
stage pump with a) impellers in parallel b) impellers in series.
3. Define the specific speed of a centrifugal pump. Derive an expression for the same.
4. Obtain an expression for the work done by the impeller of a centrifugal pump on
water per second per unit weight of water.
5. Explain the working of a single –stage centrifugal pump with sketches

B. Question testing the ability of students in applying the concepts

I
1. If a centrifugal pump does not deliver any water when started, what may be the probable
causes and how can they be remedied?
2. State the different types of losses which may occur in a pump installation.
3. Explain about characteristic curves of centrifugal pump.
4. What is meant by NPSH?
5. Differentiate between pumps in series and pumps in parallel.

II

1. The internal and external diameters of the impeller of a centrifugal pump are 300
mm and 600 mm respectively. The pump is running at 1000 r. p. m. The vane angles
at inlet and outlet are 20o and 30o respectively. The water enters the impeller radially
and velocity of flow is constant .Determine the work done by the impeller per unit
weight of water.

2. Find the rise in pressure in the impeller of a centrifugal pump through which water is
flowing at the rate of 15 litre/s . The internal and external diameters of the impeller
are 20 cm and 40 cm respectively . The widths of impeller at inlet and out let are 1.6
cm and 0.8 cm. The pump is running at 1200 r .p . m. The water enters the impeller
radially at inlet and impeller vane angle at out let is 30o. Neglect losses through the
impeller.

3. A centrifugal pump rotating at 1000 rpm delivers 160 litres/sec of water against a
head of 30 m the pump is installed at a place where atmospheric pressure is 1 X105
pa (abs) and vapour pressure of water is 3 k pa ( abs) the head loss in suction pipe
is equivalent to 0.2 m of water calculate
i) minimum NPSH ,
ii) maximum allowable height of pump from free surface of water in the sump .

4. Find the number of pumps required to take water from a deep well under total head of
156 m. also the pumps are identical and are running at 1000 rpm . The specific speed
of each pump is given as 20 while the rated capacity of each pump is 150 litres/sec

C. Questions testing analysis/ evaluation ability of students

1. A centrifugal pump discharges 0.15 m3/sec of water against a head 12.5 m , the
speed of the impeller being 600 rpm .The outer and inner diameters of the impeller
are 500 mm and 250 mm respectively and the vanes are bent back at 35 0 to the
tangent at exit .If the area of flow remains 0.07 m2 from inlet to out let , calculate :
i. manometric efficiency of pump,
ii. vane angle at inlet and
iii. loss of head at inlet to impeller when the discharge is reduced by 40%
without changing the speed .
2. A three stage centrifugal pump has impeller 40 cm in diameter and 2.5 cm wide at
outlet .The vanes are set back at the outlet at 300 and reduce the circumferential area
by15 % . The manometric efficiency is 85 % and over all efficiency is 75 %
.determine the head generated by the pump when running at 12000 r.p .m and
discharge is 0.06 m3/s .Find the shaft power also.
3. A centrifugal pump operates against a manometric head of 30m with a manometric
efficiency of 75%. The pressure rise through the impeller is 65% of the total head
developed by the pump. The radial velocity of flow which is constant is 3 m/s. The
outer diameter of the impeller is 400mm and the width at outlet is 15mm. The blades
at inlet are curved backwards at 60 0 to the wheel tangent. Calculate i) the discharge in
litres per minute, ii) speed, iii) blade angle at outlet, and iv) diameter of the impeller
at inlet.
4. A pump operates at a maximum efficiency of 82% and delivers 2.25m 3/s under a head
of 18m while running at 3600 r.p.m speed. Compute the specific speed of the pump.
Also determine the discharge, head and power input to pump at a shaft speed of 2400
r.p.m.
D. Gate Questions

1. Power required to drive a centrifugal pump is directly proportional to __________ of its impeller.
A. diameter
B. square of diameter
C. cube of diameter
D. fourth power of diameter
2. Discharge of a centrifugal pump is
A. directly proportional to diameter of its impeller
B. inversely proportional to diameter of its impeller
C. directly proportional to (diameter)2 of its impeller
D. inversely proportional to (diameter)2 of its impeller
3. The static head of a centrifugal pump is equal to the __________ of suction head and delivery
head.
A. product
B. difference
C. sum
4. The specific speed of a centrifugal pump, delivering 750 litres of water per second against a head
of 15 metres at 725 r.p.m., is
A. 24.8 r.p.m.
B. 48.2 r.p.m
C. 82.4 r.p.m.
D. 248 r.p.m
5. A centrifugal pump will start delivering liquid only when the pressure rise in the impeller is equal
to the

A. kinetic head

B. velocity head

C. manometric head

D. static head

6. For centrifugal pump impeller, the maximum value of the vane exit angle is

A. 10° to 15°

B. 15° to 20°

C. 20° to 25°

D. 25° to 30°