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D - Block Element

The d-block elements, also known as transition metals, have partially filled d-orbitals. They exhibit properties between s-block and p-block elements, being more electropositive than p-block but less than s-block. They form ionic compounds in lower oxidation states and covalent compounds in higher oxidation states. All are metals with electronic configurations of ns1-2(n-1)d1-10 and they have high melting and boiling points except for mercury. Important features include variable oxidation states and participation in bonding and catalysis.

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Shovon Biswas
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586 views2 pages

D - Block Element

The d-block elements, also known as transition metals, have partially filled d-orbitals. They exhibit properties between s-block and p-block elements, being more electropositive than p-block but less than s-block. They form ionic compounds in lower oxidation states and covalent compounds in higher oxidation states. All are metals with electronic configurations of ns1-2(n-1)d1-10 and they have high melting and boiling points except for mercury. Important features include variable oxidation states and participation in bonding and catalysis.

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Shovon Biswas
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“d”-Block Elements

The elements which have partially filled d-orbitals either in


ground state or in one or more of their ions, are called d-block elements
or outer transition elements.
Their properties are intermediate between s-block & p-block
elements. They are more electropositive than p-block elements and less
electropositive than s-block elements.
They form ionic compounds in their lower oxidation state and
covalent compounds in higher oxidation state.
They are all metals and have valance shell electronic
configuration ns(1-2) (n-1)d(1-10).
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd
La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg

*Red molecules are biologically significant.


*Blue coloured elements are called Pt-metals.
All the metals are hard, malleable and ductile. They exhibit
hcp/fcc/bcc structure. They all have high density and low atomic
volume.
All the transition metals have high melting and high boiling
points except mercury. In middle of the series boiling points have the
highest values.
. Important features of transition metals:
i) Variable oxidation state,
ii) Participation of “d” orbitals in bonding,
iii) Special magnetic properties,
iv) Spectral features,
v) Significant standard reduction potential,
vi) Complex formation tendency,
vii) Use as catalyst,
viii) Presence in biological systems.
. Normal trends of 3d elements:
i) Highest valency is usually found with oxo-compound, fluorides
& chlorides.
ii) In the oxo anions of the valance state +IV to +VII, the metal
atom is tetrahedrally surrounded by the oxygen atoms, where
as in oxides of valances up to +IV the atoms are usually
octahedrally co-ordinated.
iii) With increase in oxidation state oxides become more acidic
and halide become more covalent & susceptible for hydrolysis.
iv) In +II or +III oxidation state complexes are four or six co-
ordinated.
v) The oxidation state less than +II (i.e.0,1) except for Cu(I), are
found only with π acid type ligand.

Biplab Biswas
M.Sc. (R.K. Mission V.C. College, Rahara)
Department of Chemistry,
Ranaghat College,
Ranaghat, Nadia,
West Bengal,741201.

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