Fangji for Clearing away

Heat(清热剂)

Liu Zhou PhD &Associate

Professor
Single choice
1. Which formula has the character of Treatment based on
different channels:( )
 A Baidusan B Jiuwei Qianghuo Tang
 C Xiaoqinglong Tang D Sangjuyin
2. The monarch of Xiaoqinglong Tang should be: ( )
 A Mahuang,Guizhi B Guizhi, Baishao
 C Ganjiang, Xixin D Ganjiang, Banxia
3. Which formula has the character of warm,
moist and moderate in nature:( )
 A Zhisousan B Sangjuyin
 C Yinqiao San D Baidusan
4. Which is not belong to the herbs included
both in Yinqiao San and Sangjuyin : ( )
 A Lugen B Shenggancao
 C Lianqiao D Niubangzi
Fill in the blanks

1. The action of Jiuwei Qianghuo Tang is

________, __________.
2. The pathogenesis of Xiaoqinglong Tang is
________, __________.
3. Which herb of Xiaoqinglong Tang has the
function of warming the lung and resolving
water retention, expelling the external
pathogens? ______.
4.The key points of differentiation in applying
Sangjuyin are____, _____, ______, ______.
5.The monarch of Mahuang Xingren Gancao
Shigao Tang if _______, __________.
6.The compatible herbs like _______, ______
of Baidusan has the function of regulating
qi activity and removing pectoral
obstruction.
 Whatis the administration of Yinqiaosan?
And why?
1、定义Definition
It’s for clearing away heat chiefly
composed herbs for clearing away heat,
purging fire, cooling blood and removing
toxin and applied in the treatment of
interior heat.
凡以清热药为主组成，具有清热、泻火、凉血、解毒等作
用，用以治疗里热证的方剂，统称清热剂。

Indication
清热剂
3、classification 分类
 Clearing away heat from Qifen清气分热
 Clearing away heat from Yingfen and blood清营凉血
 Clearing away heat and toxin清热解毒
 Clearing away heat from Zang-fu organs清脏腑热
 Clearing away Deficient heat清虚热
 Clearing away Summer-heat清暑热

方剂与治法
4、Principle of Application应用原则
It’s applicable to interior heat.
一般是在表证已解，热已入里，或里热已盛尚未结实的情况下
使用。

If there’s exterior, using herbs expelling it first.

If there’s tangible mass in the intestine, removing it
at the same time.
若邪热在表，应当解表；里热已成腑实，则宜攻下；表
邪未解，热已入里，又宜表里双解。
清热剂
5、Precautions:使用注意
⑴ It should not be taken for a long time 不宜久服
辨别里热所在部位
⑵ It can be assistant with herbs of reinforcing
the spleen and stomach.配合健脾和胃药。
（3）In case of excessive interior heat making
people vomit immediately when taking decoction,
ginger juice may be applied.
为防止热盛拒药，可加入姜汁。

清热剂
Fangji for clearing away heat
from Qifen
第一节 清气分热

清热剂
Fever，sweating, full
forceful pulse Shigao,石膏
阳 辛 Zhuye,竹叶
高热，汗出，
热 脉洪大 寒 Yinhua, 银花
Heat 亢 Lianqiao连翘
清
In
盛 热
Qifen
热
在
气 热 生
津 Zhimu,知母
分 邪 Thirsty
伤 止 Maidong麦冬
津 口渴 渴
清气分热
Baihu Tang

白 虎 汤 Ⅰ类

Shanghan Lun《伤寒论》

清气分热
Pathogenesis证治分析
Yangming meridian syndrome or heat from Qifen
High fever
大热 清热透热
Shigao石膏
温 伤 Profuse perspiration
生津除烦
病 寒 清
气 阳 大汗 热
分 明 生 Zhimu知母 清热养阴
实 经 thirsty大渴 津
热 热 Jingmi粳米
Full forceful pulse Gancao甘草

脉洪大
Prevent the stomach
from being injured 白虎汤
Analysis用药分析

Shigao石膏

Purging fire and expelling heat from muscles and skin

清热泻火，透热解肌

白虎汤
Zhimu知母
Clearing away heat and producing body fluids to arrest
thist
清热生津止渴
 two actions:其作用有二：一以助石膏清肺胃之热，一以滋
阴润燥救已伤之阴津 。
 One Compatible combination: Shigao and Zhimu
Clearing away heat and producing body fluids
石膏与知母相须为用，可增强清热生津之功，为清热生津止
渴的常用配伍组合。
白虎汤
Key Points 要点

Basic formula for extreme heat in

Yangming meridian or Qifen, manifested
as high fever, profuse perspiration, thirst
and full forceful pulse.
本方为治阳明气分热盛证的基础方，临床应
用以身大热，汗大出，口大渴，脉洪大为辨
证要点。

白虎汤
Modification加减变化
wind stirring up due to excessive heat,气血两燔，引
动肝风+ Gouteng, Shuiniujiao 加钩藤、水牛角；
with constipation兼阳明腑实+Dahuang, Mangxiao
加大黄、芒硝；
with Diabetes消渴病而见烦渴引饮，属胃热者
+Tianhuafen, Lugen, Maidong 加天花粉、芦根、麦
门冬等。

白虎汤
Precaution使用注意

1、This must not be applied to patients with full

large but week pulse when pressed and pale
tongue, which are attributable to fever due to
blood deficiency.
血虚发热，脉洪不胜重按者,禁用；
2、As for administration, decoct it till the rice is
well,warm-taken 米熟汤成；温服
3、As for dosage of Shigao关于石膏用量－－30～60g

白虎汤
Fangji for clearing away heat
from Yingfen and Blood
第二节 清营凉 血

清热剂
Cooling blood and
nourishing Yin
Wei卫分 清热凉血
↓
养阴生津
Qi气分
↓ mild浅 轻→ Expelling heat to
Ying营分 Heat in Ying 气营同病 Qifen透热转气
↓ and Xue with
Yin deficiency cooling blood and
Xue血分 severe深 重→
营血有热 removing blood
阴液受伤 stasis凉血散血
耗血动血
Qingying Tang
清 营 汤 Ⅰ类

Wenbing Tiao Bian《温病条辨》

清营凉血
Pathogenesis病机分析
Fever aggravates at night
身热夜甚 Heat
Upset,delirium invasion
热入营分 of Yinfen
心烦不眠，时有谵语 热邪初 清透
热扰心神 入营分
Indistinct skin rashes 热热
斑疹隐隐 轻伤血络
解养
thirst口渴 气热未尽
Deep red and dry fur, 营热阴伤
毒阴
Clearing away heat and
Fine and rapid pulse toxin and expelling heat
舌绛而干，脉细数 and nourishing Yin

清营汤
Action:功用 Clearing away heat and
toxin and expelling heat and nourishing
清营解毒，透热养阴。
君 Shuiniujiao 水牛角 清营凉血，泻火解毒
Shendi, Xuanshen, Maidong
臣
生地、玄参、麦冬 清热凉血、养阴生津
Yinhua, Lianqiao, Zhuye,
清热解毒
Huanglian银花、连翘、竹
佐 清解气热
叶、黄连 透热转气
Danshen丹参 凉血、活血
清营汤
Key Points

Common formula for pathogenic heat

invasion of Yingfen.本方为治疗热邪初入营
分证的常用方。
It’s manifested as Fever aggravates at
night, Indistinct skin rashes, Deep red and
dry fur, Fine and rapid pulse.

临床应用以身热夜甚，神烦少寐，斑疹隐隐，
舌绛而干，脉数为辨证要点。

清营汤
Precautions使用注意
Most of the herbs are cool and moist in
nature, it’s not applicable to syndrome of
dampness and phlegm or fever caused by Yang
deficiency.

本方清凉质润，如内有痰湿，或阳虚发热
，均应忌用。
清营汤
Xijiao Dihuang Tang

犀角地黄汤 Ⅱ类

《备急干金要方》

清营凉血
Pathogenesis病机分析
High fever, dysphoria,deep 血分热炽
red tongue with prickle高热
烦躁，舌绛起刺
Heat
delirium昏狂谵语 热扰神明
invading
Xuefen
热在血
上：nasal hemorrhage吐、衄 分
Hemorrhage 下：hematuria便、尿
出血 外：dark purple color of rashes
斑疹紫黑
热伤血络

犀角地黄汤
Action: Clearing away heat and toxin, cooling
blood and removing blood stasis
功用 清热解毒，凉血散瘀。 Elucidation方解

Shuiniujiao30g
君
水牛角 清心解毒，凉血消斑

Shengdi 24g
臣 生地 清热凉血，养阴生津

Danpi9g, Chishao12g
佐 丹皮、赤芍 凉血、活血散瘀

犀角地黄汤
Key points辨证要点

Common formula for heat invading Xuefen

in the course of epidemic febrile disease.
本方是治疗温热病热入血分证的常用方。

It’s manifested as hemorrhage, dark

purple rashes, dilirium, high fever and deep
red tongue.临床应用以各种失血，斑色紫黑，
神昏谵语，身热舌绛为辨证要点。
犀角地黄汤
Modification常用于热入血分之出血证（加减变化）

 Spitting blood吐血 Huangqin黄芩, Shigao石膏,

Baiji白及, Sanqi三七
 nose bleeding 衄 血 Huangqin 黄 芩 、 Zhizi 栀 子 、
Cebaiye侧柏叶、Baimaogen白茅根
hematochezia便血 Diyu地榆、Huaihua槐花
hematuria尿血 Baimaogen白茅根，Xiaoji小蓟
Purpura皮下出血（紫癜） Zicao紫草、Xianhecao仙鹤
草、Hanliancao旱莲草、Qiancao茜草、Dazao大枣

犀角地黄汤
Precautions使用注意
It’s cold and moist in nature, it’s fobidden to
patients of weak spleen or hemorrhage due to
Yang deficiency.

本方寒凉清滋，对于阳虚失血，脾胃虚弱
者，忌用。

犀角地黄汤
Clearing away heat and toxin
第三节 清热解毒

清热剂
Component Rules组方规律

Extreme heat
direct 清热解毒药
热盛
Clearing
疏散药
heat清热 indirect
利水药
Heat-toxin
Syndrome Yin deficiency
泻下药
热毒证 阴伤
养阴生津药

Abscess and erosion of

行气活血药
flesh壅遏气血,腐蚀血肉
清热解毒
Huanglian Jiedu Tang

黄连解毒汤 Ⅰ类

方见《肘后备急方》，名见《外台秘要》引崔氏方

清热解毒
Pathogenesis病机分析

High fever, restlessness,

Heat and delirium大热烦躁、烦热错语
上扰神明
toxin in
Sanjiao hematemesis
迫血上逆 吐血、衄血
三
焦 热伤血络 rashes发斑
火
毒
热盛津伤 thirsty口燥咽干
证
Sores and carbuncles痈肿疔毒
热壅肌肉
舌红苔黄，脉数有力
黄连解毒汤
Action: Clearing away heat and toxin
功用 泻火解毒。
Huanglian Huanqin Huangbai Zhizi

方解
黄 黄 黄 桅

连 芩 柏 子

君 臣 佐

Fire in Sanjiao
黄连解毒汤
Key points辨证要点
Basic formula for clearing away heat and
toxin with bitter and cold in nature.
本方为苦寒直折、清热解毒的基础方。
It’s manifested as high fever, restlessness,
thirst, red tongue and yellow fur, rapid and
forceful pulse.临床应用以大热烦躁，口燥咽干，
舌红苔黄，脉数有力为辨证要点。

黄连解毒汤
Modification加减变化
Constipation便秘 +Dahuang加大黄；

Hematemesis吐血、衄血、发斑 +Xuanshen, Shengdi,

Danpi加玄参、生地、丹皮；

Jaundice发黄 +Yinchen, Dahuang加茵陈、大黄；

sores and carbuncles疔疮肿毒 +Pugongying, Yinhua,

Lianqiao加蒲公英、银花、连翘。

黄连解毒汤
Precautions使用注意

It’s extremely bitter and cold in

nature. It may impair the stomach .
本方为大苦大寒之剂，久服或过量易伤脾
胃，非火盛者不宜使用。

黄连解毒汤
Lianggesan
凉 膈 散 Ⅰ类

《太平惠民和剂局方》

清热解毒
Pathogenesis病机分析

上焦 dysphoria in chest
and diaphragm, fever, mouth

Heat accumulating in sores, sore throat 清

upper and middle Jiao 上
胸膈烦热，身热
热郁上中二焦 泄
口舌生疮、咽痛 下
中焦 flushed face, thirsty

面赤唇焦，口渴
In lower Jiao积滞阻滞在下 constipation便秘
泻火通便
凉膈散
Action: Purging fire and relaxing bowels, clearing away heat in
Shangjiao and Zhongjiao 功用 泻火通便，清上泄下。

君 Lianqiao连翘 清热解毒（上焦）
方解 Huangqin黄芩 清热（上焦）
Zhizi栀子
清热利尿（三焦）
Dahuang, Mangxiao
臣 大黄 芒硝 泻热通便

Zhuye, Bohe
佐
竹叶 薄荷 清热、透散热邪（火郁发之）

使 GC甘草 调和药性 凉膈散

Compatibility配伍特点

Purging fire accompanied with relaxing bowels,

taking method of relaxing bowels in stead of
purging fire

清泻并用，以泻代清

凉膈散
Key points辨证要点
Common formula for fire in upper and middle Jiao.
It’s manifested as dysphoria in the chest and diaphragm,
flushed face, thirsty, red tongue and yellow fur, rapid pulse.
本方为治疗上、中二焦火热炽盛的常用方。以胸膈烦热，面
赤唇焦，烦躁口渴，舌红苔黄，脉数为辨证要点。

Modification加减变化
If there’s no constipation, shall we subtract
Dahuang and Mangxiao?
(石膏，桔梗)
凉膈散
Fangji for Removing Heat from
Zang-fu Organs
第四节 清脏腑热

清热剂
Component Rules组方规律
Dysfunction
Excessive of Zangfu 肺－－咳、喘、痰 宣降肺气药
heat Yin 脏
热 deficiency 腑 心－－烦躁、失眠、 安神、凉血药
盛
阴 功
+ + 口舌生疮
伤
能
失 肝－－胁痛
疏肝药
调
胃－－牙痛、呕吐 和胃降逆药
清 养
热 阴 调理功能药
药 药 清脏腑热
Daochi San
导 赤 散 Ⅰ类

《小儿药证直诀》 清脏腑热
Indication主治
1、heat syndrome in the heart meridian: 心经有热

Irritability, feverish sensation in the chest,

thirst, flushed face, preference for cold drinks,

oral ulcer心胸烦热，口渴面赤，意欲冷饮，口舌生疮，舌

红，脉数。

2、Heat in the Heart transformed to the intestine心热

移于小肠： dark urine with difficulty and pain in

urination, red tongue and rapid pulse小溲赤涩赤痛，

舌红，脉数 导赤散
Elucidation方解

Purging
Heart
fire and Shengdi生地
inducing
diuresis
君
Mutong木通
清
心
利 臣 Zhuye竹叶
水
养
阴 佐 使 Shenggancao生甘草梢

导赤散
Key points辨证要点
Common formula for heat in the heart,
basic formula for clear away heat , inducing
diuresis and nourishing Yin.本方为治心经火热
证的常用方，又是体现清热利水养阴治法的基础方。

It’s manifested as feverish sensation in

the chest, thirst, oral ulcer dark urine with
difficulty and pain in urination, red tongue
and rapid pulse.
临证以心胸烦热，口渴，口舌生疮或小便赤涩，舌红
脉数为辨证要点。
导赤散
Modification加减变化r
excessive Heart fire心火较盛
+Huanglian加黄连；
dysuria心热移于小肠，小便不通
+Cheqianzi, Chifuling加车前子、赤茯苓；
Yin deficiency阴虚较甚 +Maidong加麦冬；
dark urine with difficulty小便淋涩明显
+Bianxu, Qumai, Huashi加扁蓄、瞿麦、滑石；
urinary bleeding血淋
+Baimaogen, Xiaoji, Hanliancao加白茅根、小蓟、旱莲草。
导赤散
Precaution使用注意

Mutong is bitter and cold in nature. It’s

forbidden to patients with renal insufficiency.
Shengdi is moist and cold , it’s unsuitable to
patients with spleen deficiency.本方木通苦寒，生 地
阴柔寒凉，故脾胃虚弱者慎用。

导赤散
Longdan Xiegan Tang

龙胆泻肝汤 Ⅰ类

《医方集解》
清脏腑热
Pathogenesis病机分析
Hypochondriac pain胁痛 肝郁气滞
Headache, red eyes, bitter taste in 肝肝
the mouth,deafness Upward attack of excessive
肝火上炎
fire in the liver and GB or 胆胆
头痛目赤，口苦、耳聋 downward flow of damp-
heat from the liver meridian
Pruritus and swelling of vulva, 实湿
leukorrhagia阴肿、阴痒、带下黄稠 湿热下注前阴
火热
Turbid urine小便淋漓不畅 湿热下注膀胱
Red tongue with yellow and greasy fur, rapid and 上下
肝火或湿热
wiry pulse舌红、苔黄或黄腻，脉弦数
扰注

龙胆泻肝汤
方 解 Liver belongs to Yin in body
and Yang in function

君 Longdancao龙胆草 泻肝火，燥湿
清清
Huangqin, Zhizi黄芩、栀子 泻肝火，利湿热
泻利
臣 Zexie, Mutong , Cheqianzi
肝下 清热利湿
泽泻、木通、车前
胆焦
Shengdi, Danggui生地、当归 滋阴养血
实佐湿 行气疏肝
火热 Chaihu柴胡 引药入肝经
使 GC甘草 调和药性
龙胆泻肝汤
Key points辩证要点

common formula for excess fire in Liver

and GB and downward flow of damp heat
along Liver Meridian.本方为主治肝胆实火上
炎，湿热下注的常用方。
It’s manifested as , bitter taste in the
mouth, dark and turbid urine, Red tongue with
yellow and greasy fur, rapid and wiry pulse.
临证以口苦溺赤，舌红苔黄，脉弦数有力为辨证要点。

龙胆泻肝汤
Modification加减变化

⑴Upper part excessive fire

实火为主－－上部病变
Headache, dizziness头痛头晕：+Gouteng , Juhua, Xiakucao
钩藤、菊花、夏枯草（清肝）

hemorrhage出血：double Huangqin and Shengdi 黄芩、生

地重用，加针对性止血药 （血证宜从肝治）

Eye disease眼疾：目赤肿痛 +Juhua, Chantui, Muzei菊花、

蝉蜕、木贼
龙胆泻肝汤
⑵downward flow of damp-heat
实热为主－－中、下部病变
Liver and GB disease肝胆疾病：
肝炎 +板蓝根、虎杖、郁金、丹参
胆囊炎 +茵陈、大黄、枳实
前阴病：
gynecology 妇科 vulvitis, acute pelvic inflammation

andrology 男科 prostatitis

Skin disease皮肤病：Herpes Zoster(neuralgia)带状疱疹

eczema湿疹

龙胆泻肝汤
Precautions使用注意
 Most of the herbs are bitter and cold in
nature , stop using them when the expected
results are achieved.本方中药多苦寒，易伤脾胃，中
病即止。
 It’s forbidden to headache belonging to Yang
excess due to Yin deficiency. 对脾胃虚寒和阴虚阳亢
之证，皆非所宜。

龙胆泻肝汤
Xiebai San
泻 白 散 Ⅲ类

《小儿药证直诀》
清脏腑热
Indication:主治
Mild case of cough and asthma
due to lung heat 肺热喘咳证

Actions:功用
Purging Lung heat , relieving
cough and asthma
清泻肺热，平喘止咳

泻白散
compatibility配伍特点

Clearing away Lung heat without Yin

deficiency清肺不伤阴

Mild and moist in action用药清润

泻白散
Comparing with MaXingGanShi Tang
与麻杏石甘汤比较
MXGST麻杏石甘
XBS泻白散
汤
similarity同 肺热咳喘
pathogenesis 伏火、 外邪入里化热，可
病因 内生之热 兼表邪
degrees病势 热咳不甚 热邪较甚
difference
异
characteristics
用药 清润 清宣
特点
泻白散
Qingwei San

清 胃 散 Ⅰ类

Piwei Lun by Li Dongyuan《脾胃论》

清脏腑热
Pathogenesis病机分析

Hot and foul breath,

dryness of mouth and
tongue口臭、口舌干燥
胃 循
胃热基本症状
Headache arising from toothache,
feverish cheeks, aversion to heat
中 经
with preference for cold
胃火循经上炎
积 上
牙痛牵引头痛，面颊
发热 牙痛喜冷恶热
热 攻 波及血分 热伤血络－bleeding出血

壅滞气血－swelling and soreness

of the lips and cheeks
颊腮肿痛，牙龈溃烂 清胃散
Action:功用
Purging stomach-heat and cooling blood 清胃凉血

Indication:主治
Toothache due to stomach fire胃火牙痛

泻白散
方 解
清 Huanglian 清胃泻火、燥湿
黄连
胃 清热解毒、疏散郁热、引经
Shengma升麻

凉
Shengdi生地 清热凉血、养阴生津

血 Danpi丹皮 清热凉血、活血

Danggui当归 养血、活血止痛

泻白散
Basic compatibility for clearing stomach heat
清胃中积热之基本结构

Huanglian黄连 descending
the upflaming stomach fire 相辅相成
降上炎之火

Shengma升麻 expelling the

stagnated heat 散内郁之热

泻白散
Key points:辨证要点

Common formula for toothache due to

stomach fire. 本方为治胃火牙痛的常用方，
凡胃热证，或血热火郁者均可使用。
It’s manifested as headache arising from
toothache, hot and foul breath, red tongue
with yellow fur, slippery and rapid pulse.
临床以牙痛牵引头痛，口气热臭，舌红苔
黄，脉滑数为辨证要点。
泻白散
Modification:加减变化
excessive stomach fire胃热甚 +Shigao, Dahuang加石膏、大黄
foul breath 口 臭 +Huoxiang, Peilan, Sharen

加芳化药（藿香、佩兰、砂仁）

toothache牙痛冷热皆加重 +Xixin , Baizhi加细辛、白芷

gingival ulcer 牙龈溃烂 +Huoxiang, Sharen, Cheqianzi, Mutong,

Huashi 加芳化、渗湿药（藿香、砂仁、车前、木通、滑石）

泻白散
Precaution:使用注意
It’s not fit for toothache due to wind-cold
or hyperactivity of fire due to kidney deficiency.
牙痛属风寒及肾虚火炎者 不宜使用本方。

泻白散
Yunv Jian
玉 女 煎 Ⅱ类
《景岳全书》

清脏腑热
Pathogenesis病机分析

Headache, toothache
头痛牙痛
胃热循经上攻
阳 少
明 阴 Gingival bleeding
有 不
牙龈出血
余 足
热伤胃经血络
Dysphoria with thirst,
烦热干渴
Loosening teeth齿松
热耗少阴阴精 Dry and red tongue with
yellow dry fur, thready and
rapid pulse 舌红苔黄且干
Action:功用
Clearing away stomach-heat and nourishing
yin
清胃热，滋肾阴。

Indication:主治
Stomach-heat and Yin deficiency
胃热阴虚证

玉女煎
方 解 Shigao
滋清 君 石膏 清阳明胃火 清火壮水
虚实兼顾
Shudihuang
臣 熟地黄 滋肾水之不足
肾胃 助石膏清胃热
Zhimu知母
助熟地滋肾阴
佐 Maidong麦冬 滋肾润胃
阴热
补肾水
使 Niuxi牛膝
Leading heat and blood
downward导热引血下行
Key points辩证要点

Common formula for toothache due to

stomach-heat and yin deficiency.本方是治疗胃热阴
虚牙痛的常用方.
It’s manifested toothache and loosening teeth,
dysphoria, thirt, dry and red tongue with yellow fur.
临床以牙痛齿松，烦热干渴，舌红苔黄而干为辨证
要点。

玉女煎
Baitongweng
Decoction
白头翁汤 Ⅰ类
Shanghan Lun《伤寒论》

清脏腑热
Pathogenesis病机分析
Dysentery with
blood exceeding
Dorminance of pus in amount
heat-toxin in
热毒熏灼肠胃 下痢脓血
Xuefen 热 下 赤多白少
毒 气血化为脓血
深迫 Abdominal pain
陷大
血 and tenesmus
分肠 热毒阻滞气机 腹痛里急后重

Thirsty with desire for drink

渴欲饮水
热邪内盛 Red tongue and yellow fur
舌红苔黄
Wiry and rapid pulse脉弦数
Action:功用
Clearing away heat and toxin, cooling blood
and relieving dysentery清热解毒，凉血止痢。

Indication:主治
Bloody dysentery due to heat and toxin
热毒痢疾。

白头翁汤
Clearing away
heat and toxin,
cooling blood
and relieving Baitouweng
dysentery 白头翁
君 清热解毒，凉血止痢
清凉

热血 臣 Huanglian,黄连
Huangbai,黄柏
清热燥湿止利

解止
佐 Qinpi Astringent清热解毒，
毒痢 秦皮 收涩止痢
使
白头翁汤
Key points辩证要点

Common formula for bloody dysentery

due to heat-toxin.本方为治疗热毒血痢之常用方.
It’s manifested as Dysentery with
blood exceeding pus in amount , abdominal
pain, tenesmus, red tongue and yellow fur ,
wiry and rapid pulse.
临证以下痢赤多白少，腹痛，里急后重，舌红苔黄，
脉弦数为证治要点。

白头翁汤
Modification加减变化
exterior syndrome外有表邪，恶寒发热者
+Gegen, Yinhua, Lianqiao加葛根、连翘、银花；
Tenesmus里急后重较甚
+Muxiang, Binglang ,Zhike 加木香、槟榔、枳壳；
pus and blood脓血多者
+Chishao, Danpi, Diyu加赤芍、丹皮、地榆；
food stagnation挟有者
+Jiaoshanzha, Zhishi加焦山楂、枳实；

白头翁汤
Shaoyao Tang
芍 药 汤 Ⅰ类

《素问病机气宜保命集》

清脏腑热
Pathogenesis病机分析

Dysentery 湿热蓄积，气机阻滞 abdominal pain, 湿气

due to
tenesmus腹痛、里急后重
damp-heat 热血
湿 气血瘀滞，血肉腐败 pus and blood in the
热
stool下痢脓血，赤白相兼 壅失
痢

湿热佐证 burning sensation in the anus, 滞调

scanty and dark urine, yellow and greasy fur
肛门灼热，小便短赤，苔黄腻
Accumulation of damp-heat leading to
incoordination of Qi and blood
方解 Treating diarrhea as cathartics

Huangqin, Huanglian 清热燥湿

黄芩、黄连 Clearing
Muxiang, Binglang行气导滞 away damp-
木香、槟榔 heat and
养血活血 regulating Qi
Danggui, Baishao
and blood
当归、白芍 缓急止痛
清调
清热解毒
Danghuang大黄 热气
活血化瘀
燥和
Corrigent herb 泻热通便
Rougui肉桂 活血 湿血
制约诸药之寒凉
GC甘草 Relieving spasm and
pain调药
Compatibility配伍特点

combination of clearing damp-heat and

regulating qi and blood
清热燥湿与调和气血并用
Treating diarrhea as cathartics,
application of Fanzuo(corrigent herb)
兼以“通因通用”及反佐之法

芍药汤
Key Points辩证要点
common formula for dysentery with dampness
and heat. 本方为治疗湿热痢疾的常用方。
It’s manifested as dysentery with blood and pus,
abdominal pain , tenesmus, yellow and greasy fur.
以痢下赤白，腹痛里急，苔腻微黄为辨证要点。

芍药汤
Modification加减变化

Pus exceeding blood白多赤少： +Houpu, Sharen,

Cheqianzi, Zexie加厚朴、砂仁、车前、泽泻

blood exceeding pus赤多白少： -Rougui, Danggui

去肉桂、当归，
+ Danpi , Diyu, Baitouweng加丹皮、地
榆、白头翁

芍药汤
comparison

BTWT白头翁汤 SYT芍药汤
similarity
热利－－清热止利
同
病 热毒蕴结 湿热壅滞
pathogenesis
机 深陷血分 气血失调
主 热毒痢 湿热痢
Indication
治 赤多白少 赤白相兼苔黄腻
difference
治 清热燥湿
异 Action 解毒凉血
法 调气活血
组
方 清解之中 清解之中兼有泻下
Compatibility
特 兼有收涩之功 清热与调气血并行
点
芍药汤
Fangji for clearing away heat
of deficiency Type
第五节 清虚热

清热剂
Basic Component Rules基本组方规律

Later period of Wenbing

温病后期,邪热不甚,阴
Deficient heat 液已伤 清 或 养
虚热
虚 清
热 热 + 阴
药 药 药
Deficient heat due to liver and herbs of clearing
kidney yin deficiency肝肾阴 heat+nourishing Yin
虚,虚热内生

消虚热
Qinghao Biejia Tang

青蒿鳖甲汤 Ⅰ类

Wenbing Tiaobian《温病条辨》

消虚热
pathogenesis病状分析

Latent pathogenic factors

in Yinfen at the late stage
of Wenbing Fever at
热伏阴分，卫阳 night入夜身
相加，阴不制阳 热
温邪
病伏
后阴
期分 卫气出表 Normal temperature in
the morning早晨热退
阳出于阴
No perspiration after
阴液已伤 fever subsides无汗

舌红少苔，脉象细数 青蒿鳖甲汤
Action:功用
Nourishing Yin and clearing away heat
养阴透热

Indication:主治
Latent pathogenic factors in Yinfen at the
late stage of Wenbing温病后期，邪伏阴分证
。

青蒿鳖甲汤
方 解
Biejia鳖甲 滋阴退热 滋阴清热
养
君 内清外透
Qinghao青蒿 清热透络

阴 Shengdi生地 滋阴凉血
臣
Zhimu知母 滋阴降火
透

Danpi丹皮 泄血中伏火
佐
热 助青蒿清透阴分伏热
青蒿鳖甲汤
Compatibility配伍特点

mixture of nourishing and clearing 滋清兼备

mixture of expelling heat from the interior and
clearing away heat清中有透；

青蒿鳖甲汤
Compatible structure配伍结构
Biejia鳖甲 滋阴退热，入络搜邪
Qinghao青蒿 清热透络，引邪外出
common Yaodui of nourishing Yin and
expelling heat from the interior.两药相配，滋阴清
热，内清外透，使阴分伏热有外达之机，中养阴透热的
常用配伍组合。
“此方有先入后出之妙，青蒿不能直入阴分，有鳖
甲领之入也；鳖甲不能独出阳分，有青蒿领之出也”。
-Wu Jutong清·吴鞠通
青蒿鳖甲汤
Key points辩证要点

Common formula for fever due to Yin

deficiency.本方是治疗阴虚发热证之常用方.
It’s manifested as low fever at night, no
perspiration after fever subsides, red tongue
with less fur, fine and rapid pulse.以夜热早
凉，热退无汗，舌红少苔，脉细数为辨证要
点。

青蒿鳖甲汤
Modification加减变化
thirsty暮热早凉，汗解渴饮 +Tianhuafen加天花粉

accompanied with Lung yin deficiency,兼肺阴虚

+Shashen, Maidong加沙参、麦冬；

Precaution使用注意
It’s not fit for syndrome of pathogenic wind due
to yin deficiency.阴虚欲作动风者不宜用之。

青蒿鳖甲汤
Fangji for clearing away
Summer-heat清暑热剂

Do you remember the nature

and pathogenic characteristics
of summer-heat?
Qingshu Yiqi Tang

清暑益气汤 Ⅱ类

《温热经纬》

祛暑剂
Indication主治
Summer heat with consumption of qi and
fluid 暑热气津两伤证

Action功用
Clearing away summer-heat and
benefiting qi, nourishing yin to promote
production of body fluid清暑益气，养阴生津

清暑益气汤
西 西 荷 石 麦 黄 知 竹 甘 粳
瓜 洋
翠 参 梗 斛 冬 连 母 叶 草 米
衣
Hegeng Huanglian
Watermelon peel Gancao
Shihu Zhimu
Xiyangshen Jingmi
Maidong Zhuye
君 臣 佐 使

清暑益气汤
运 用

Key points辩证要点
It’s applicable to summer-heat with
consumption of qi and body fluid.本方用于夏
月伤暑，气阴两伤之证。

It’s manifested as fatigue, thirst, profuse

perspiration, weak and rapid pulse.
以体倦少气，口渴汗多，脉虚数为证治要点。

清暑益气汤
Modification加减变化
⑴high fever暑热较高 +Shigao加石膏
⑵summer-heat with dampness暑热挟湿，苔白腻
-Maidong , Shihu, Zhimu去麦冬、石斛、知母，
+Huoxiang, Liuyi San加藿香、六一散
⑶infantile summer fever小儿夏季发热 –
Huanglian, Zhimu 去黄连、知母，+Baiwei,
Digupi加白薇、地骨皮

清暑益气汤
Thanks!