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Third Edition

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Student's Book

Tim Falla Paul A Davies

Jane Hudson OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
Culture and literature Bank p108 Vocabulary Builder pl27
Grammar Builder and Reference
1 The legend of King Arthur, The Sword in the Stone TH White 2 Elizabethan theatre, As You Like It William Shakespeare 3 The story of the sonnet,
Extra Speaking Tasks p151
Hour Carol Ann Duffy 4 The British in India, The Siege of Krishnapur JG Farrell 5 The American Civil War, Little Women Louisa May Alcott
6 The Industrial Revolution, Great Expectations Charles Dickens 7 Lewis and Clark, On the Road Jack Kerouac 8 The Cold War, 7984 George Orwell
0 Listening (1.01 = disk 1, track 1 /
2.01 = disk 2, track 1, etc.)
9 Developments in science fiction, Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury

E WordSkills F Reading G Speaking H Writing

pH Phrasal verbs (1) p14 Bad beginnings pl6 Interview p17 Opinion essay
Separable/Inseparable Bad beginnings Strategy: Using complex sentences Strategy: How to write an opinion essay
Transitive/1 ntransitive Strategy: Locating information in a text Key phrases: Introducing reasons and Vocabulary: Personality
Dictionary work Vocabulary: Nouns formed from phrasal verbs explanations; Marking a change of topic Grammar: Linking adverbs
Use of English Critical analysis: Metaphors Use of English
0 An interview
• Writing: Opinion essay
p25 Compounds p26 The Womon in White p28 Photo comparison p29 Film review
A strange encounter Strategy: Comparing photos Strategy: Evaluating a film
Vocabulary: Nouns from Strategy: Summarising a text Grammar: Speculating Vocabulary: Adjectives to describe films
phrasal verbs Critical analysis: Formal literary language Key phrases: Comparing and contrasting photos;
Expressing opinions
0 Photo descriptions

p35 Metaphors and similes p36 Animal partnerships p38 Collaborative task p39 A proposal
Vocabulary: Metaphors and Symbiosis: a mutual understanding Strategy 1: Avoiding repeating words Strategy: Structuring a proposal
Strategy: Gapped-paragraph tasks Strategy 2: Negotiating an agreement Key phrases: Stating the purpose;
Critical analysis: Emphatic adjectives Key phrases: Talking about advantages and Background information; Making
disadvantages; Disagreeing politely: Asking if your recommendations and suggestions;
partner agrees; Conceding a point; Concluding the Final recommendations
discussion
0 A discussion about friendships
• Speaking: Collaborative task • Writing: Proposal
p48 How language changes us pSO Discussion pSl Letter to an editor
Vocabulary: Binomial pairs Can learning a language rewire your brain/ Strategy: Using rhetorical questions Strategy: Appropriate language for a
Strategy: Answering multiple-choice questions Key phrases: Acknowledging without agreeing formal letter
Vocabulary: Speech verbs Vocabulary: Adjectives to describe change Vocabulary: Formal and informal
Critical analysis: Direct speech in fiction 0 A discussion about inventions equivalents

p57 Dependent prepositions p58 'Why?' 'Because it was there!' p60 Photo comparison p61 For and against essay
Strategy: Gapped-text tasks Strategy: Speaking fo r a minute Strategy: Following a logical structure
Speaking: Opinions on Vocabulary: Intensifying adverbs Speaking: Speaking fo r one minute on a chosen (paragraphing)
violence Critical analysis: Techniques in fiction topic Key phrases: Introducing and listing
Key phrases: Fillers and paraphrasing; Speculating arguments; Introducing a similar and
0 Photo comparison opposing points; Putting the same idea in
a different way
• Speaking: Talking about photos • Writing: Letter to an editor
p69 Phrasal verbs (2) p70 I have a dream p72 Debate p73 An informal email
Phrasal verbs: literal and Is Martin Luther King's ·1 have a dream' the greatest speech Strategy: Structuring arguments Strategy: Style and conventions of emails
idiomatic meaning in history/ Key phrases: Discourse markers Key phrases: Showing empathy
Strategy: Identifying similarities and differences in texts
0 The Lincoln Memorial
Critical analysis: Sophisticated language

p80 Time traveller p82 Collaborative task p83 Letter of complaint

John Titor, Time traveller Strategy: Asking open questions Strategy: Using more sophisticated
Strategy: Using paragraph openers to locate key information Vocabulary: Types of holiday: On holiday language
Vocabulary: Describing rumour and possibility Key phrases: Eliciting a response; Revision Vocabulary: Travel problems
Critical analysis: Understanding cliche advantages and disadvantages
Talking about advantages and disadvantages
• Writing: Letter of complaint
p92 Trade secrets p94 Discussion p95 Discursive essay
Trade Secrets Strategy: Listening to other speakers Strategy: Including all the points in the
Strategy: Multiple-matching tasks Key phrases: Agreeing and disagreeing; Adding task and writing in an appropriate style
Vocabulary: Collocations and justifying your opinion Key phrases: Causes and consequences
Critical analysis: Avoiding repetition Vocabulary: Discourse markers
0 A discussion
p101 Collocations with p102 Grand finale p104 Collaborative task plOS A report
common verbs (come, do, put Final page vs closing scene Strategy: Sharing interaction equally Strategy: Structuring a report
and take) Strategy: Identifying paraphrasing Key phrases: Dealing with, allowing and rejecting Key phrases: Evaluating an experience;
Critical analysis: Standard verbs vs phrasal verbs interruptions; Continuing after an interruption Comparing and contrasting different
Vocabulary: Synonyms for important aspects

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Past simple and present perfect
I can use the past simple and present perfect tenses.

Though I've been learning English I struggled with English at first,

since I was a little kid, I've never but I've come on in leaps and
1 Read what the people say about learning English. had the opportunity to travel to bounds in the past couple of years.
Which experiences and opinions do you share? an English-speaking country.
Which do you not share?

2 Find all the examples of the past simple, present perfect

simple and present perfect continuous in the speech
bubbles. When do we use the three tenses? Check your
ideas in the Grammar Builder.

- Grammar Builder I.1 page 131

3 Complete the sentences with the verbs below. Use the

past simple, present perfect simple or present perfect
continuous. Say why you chose each tense.
belong bump into know leave look for not meet
move phone run see wait work out As soon as I've finished my exams,
1 Dave is at home. I know because he___ _ _ me I'm hoping to spend some time abroad.
just a few minutes ago. I might go to Britain or Ireland.
2 How long_ _ _ _ you___ _ _ that you
have a half-brother?
3 Jason_ _ __ his personal training business
since he to London in 2015.
4 This ring_ _ _ _ _ to me since my grandmother
_____ it to me three years ago.
5 I wish the bus would come. _ I _ __ for it
for ages!
6 He's very sweaty because he_ _ ___ _ at the gym.
7 If you__ _ _ my friend Sam, I'll introduce you.
8 I must buy this jacket. It's just what _
I _ _ _ _
9_ _ _ _ you_ _ __ Darren lately?' 'Yes, I
7 Complete the phrases the speakers used.
___ _ _ him this morning in town.'
1 learn words in _ _ _ _ _ _ / in isolation
4 In your notebook, complete each sentence twice using the 2 memorise _______ _ phrases
past simple and the present perfect simple or continuous. 3 an incomprehensible _______ _of sound
Use the verbs in brackets. Say how the meaning changes. 4 part of my ____ _ _ _ _vocabulary
I (not see) Kate for three months. 5 get my round a word/ sound
2 My grandad (work) in that factory for many years. 6 pattern
3 Ryan (text) me three times this morning. 7 __ _ _ _ _ _ _endings
4 I (not visit) Greece in the summer. 8 order
5 Harry (play) the piano for years, but he (not make) much
8 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Ask and answer. Use the ideas in
progress.
the listening and the phrases in exercise 7 to help you.
6 I (not have) any breakfast this morning.
7 Jack (spend) six years training to become a doctor. Which of the following areas have you struggled with?
8 I (use) the same smartphone for at least two years. Why?

5 fflm Listen to five people talking about learning

a grammar and sentence structure
b vocabulary
e reading
f writing
English. For each person, say what they have found most c speaking g pronunciation
difficult and why. d listening and intonation
6 fflm Listen again. For each person, say what they have 2 What have you done to overcome the problems? How
done to overcome their problems. successful have you been?
3 What is your 'top tip' for other learners of English?

- Vocabulary Builder Language terms: page 126

IIIEI Unit 1 Introduction

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I can use different past tenses correctly.

1 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.

LOOK OUT!
1 How long does it take to learn a language well? After time expressions like after, as soon as, and by the
2 Are there ways to speed up the process, do you think? time we can use the past simple or the past perfect
2 Read the text. How successful was David Bailey's attempt simple and the meaning is the same.
After I"d finished/ I finished dinner, I went out.
to learn French quickly? How do you know?
Without a time expression, the choice of tense is
important because it tells us the sequence of events.
It was the summer of 2005 and a My parents got home. I tidied my room.
,.. British internet entrepreneur b My parents got home. I'd tidied my room.
....,
David Bailey was staying with
a French friend in a tiny village
in France. As a student, David 5 Read the !_ook out! box. What is the sequence of events in
; had learned Spanish to a
examples a) and b)?
fluent standard, but since 6 Read the pairs of sentences. Explain the difference in
,.... then, he'd been working so
meaning, if there is one.
_: hard that he hadn't had time to study French. So he had decided
... to learn French - and learn quickly. In France, David set up a a I took notes while the teacher was speaking.
,..., strict daily routine. In the mornings, he woke up and wrote out b I was taking notes while the teacher was speaking.
2 a Tom had been spending all his money on apps.
; regular and irregular verb tables for about two hours. While
-.. he was writing, he listened to language-learning CDs. Then he b Tom had spent all his money on apps.
ran for 45-60 minutes in the French countryside. He listened to 3 a When we saw the man, he climbed onto the roof.
; catchy French music as he was running - and sang along! In the b When we saw the man, he'd climbed onto the roof.
afternoons, if he wasn't playing darts or boules with his French 4 a When I walked into the room, everyone cheered.
J friends, he was reading Charlie and the Chocolate Factory in b When I walked into the room, everyone was cheering.
,., French. He found that reading books in French that he'd read S a Grace had been making dinner when I arrived.
in English as a child was a great language-learning tip. After b Grace had made dinner when I arrived.
'"' seventeen days, David left the small village but he didn't go home
7 Complete the text with the verbs in brackets. Use the
,.., immediately. He went to Paris, where he met a girl in a coffee
ri shop. They hadn't been chatting for long when she commented past simple, past continuous or past perfect (simple or
continuous). Sometimes more than one tense is possible.
;". on his excellent French. She was sure that he had been living in
France for at least a year!
,..,-------�-----�--------� In 2004, Daniel Tammet boarded a plane to Reykjavik
accompanied by a TV crew. He 1____ _ (travel)
3 Find one affirmative and one negative example of these to Iceland to attempt something incredible: Daniel
2_____ (decide) to learn Icelandic in just one week.
tenses in the text in exercise 2.
For several years, Daniel 3_ ___ (surprise) people
past simple 3 past perfect simple with his amazing mental abilities. A few months earlier, he
2 past continuous 4 past perfect continuous 4_____ (astound) experts by reciting the number

.,. Grammar B'ui der 1.2 page Hll

pi to 22,500 decimal places from memory. And four years
before that, he 5___ _ _ (come) fourth in the World
Memory Championships. But in trying to learn such a difficult
4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs
language in only seven days, he 6_____ (take) on his
in brackets. Use tenses from exercise 3. Sometimes more greatest challenge so far. Although Daniel 7_____
than one answer is possible. (learn) languages successfully for years, after two days of
1 I _____ (get) ready for bed when the phone Icelandic, he 8_____ \struggle). He 9_____
_ _ _ _ _ (ring). (not make) much progress, it seemed. But then everything
2 They _ _ __ (not get) married until last month 10_____ (change). 'Suddenly he was like a sponge; his
although they (be) engaged for years. teacher remembers. 'He 11_____ (absorb) grammar
3 He (have) paint in his hair because he and vocabulary at an amazing speed: After seven days, to see
_____ (decorate) his room all morning. how well he 12 _____ (learn) the language, Daniel
4 (arrive) at 9 a.m. but he _____ 13___ _ (appear) on TV and 14_____ (succeed)
(leave) for work already. in giving an interview in fluent Icelandic.
S When I _ _ __ (open) the curtains, I knew it
____ _ (rain) because the pavements _____ 8 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss what you have learned
(be) still wet. from the texts about learning a language. What were some
6 This morning, while we _____ (rehearse) for the of the reasons for David's and Daniel's success, in your
school play, one of the teachers (take) opinion? Are there any tips you could copy for your own
photos. studies?

Unit 1 Introduction IJIII

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Talking about the future
I can talk about predictions, plans, offers, routines.
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4 Read the Learn this! box and the examples from the
listening below. Match the highlighted phrases 1-10 with
uses a-k.
1 I'm planning to go abroad - as soon as I finish university.
2 I've promised mum I'll ge� a proper job, as she calls it.
3 he course starts in October.
Do you think English will become more or less important 4 I'm going to stud engineering at university.
as an international language in the future? Why? 5 I'm meeting my teachers tomorrow to talk about the
application process.
1 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss the question above. 6 English is everywhere nowadays and it's going to become
Consider the relevance and importance of the ideas below. more important for sure.
the importance of the internet
7 At the university I'm planning to study at, the teaching
2 the success of China and India materials and lectures will all be in English.
3 the dominance of American popular culture 8 I hope to add another language - hopefully German. In
4 the influence of the former British Empire fact, thinking about it, I definitely will.
5 communicating in business, science and travel 9 If I am able to speak English really well, it will give me an
6 how easy is it to learn English edge when applying for a job.
10 After my degree, I think I'll continue to study, for a PhD.
2 ft& Listen to five people talking about the importance
of English in their future lives. In your opinion, who has the .,. Grammar Builder I.4 page 133
most compelling reason to learn English? Why?
3 ft& Listen again. Match speakers 1-5 with the LOOKOUT!
questions A-G. There are two extra questions. • Sometimes there is no difference between will and
Which speaker ... going to for predictions.
You're going to/ You'll fail your exam if you don't. revise.
A hopes to specialise in foreign languages?_
B wants to study English abroad?_ • Sometimes there is no difference between going
C will find English indispensable?_ to and the present continuous for plans and
D will have an advantage in the labour market?_ arrangements.
E would like to be an English teacher?_ rm going to see I I'm seeing Debbie t.his evening.
F will use English only in their leisure time?_
G will need English for travel?_ 5 Read the Look out! box. Then complete the sentences with
a future form. Sometimes more than one form is possible.

:<i:
LEARN THIS! Future forms Give reasons for your choice(s).
We use will:
We've booked our summer holiday. We _____ (visit)
a to talk about facts in the future. Cuba.
b for predictions based on what we know. 2 Our English exams _____ (be) on 23 and 24 June.
c for plans when we're deciding what to do as we speak. 3 If I'm going to be late, I _ _ __ (text) you.
4 I'm fed up with my car breaking down. I _____ (sell)
d for offers, promises, requests and refusals (won't).
it.
e in the main clause of first conditional sentences. 5 _____ (you / go) into town this morning? If so, I
We use going to: _____ (give) you a lift.
f for predictions based on current evidence, e.g. 6 The car engine is making a funny noise. I'm sure it
something we can see. _____ (break down).
g for plans when we've already decided what to do. 7 I'm short of money. I'm afraid I __ _ _ _ (have to) sell
my bike.
We use the present continuous:
8 I _____ (phone) you as soon as I _____
h for personal arrangeme.nts, especially when we mention (know) what time the film ___ _ (start).
the time and/or place.
6 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions.
We use the present simple with future meaning:
Give reasons for your opinions.
for routines, schedules and timetables.
Are you going to study English at university? Why?/ Why
in future time clauses with after, as soon as, before,
not?
once, unless, until and when. The present perfect is also 2 How will English be of use to you in the future?
possible.
3 For which jobs is a knowledge of English important?
k in the if clause in first conditional sentences.

Unit 1 Introduction -
Vocabulary

Memories
I can describe childhood memories.

1 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Think back to your own childhood. Ask and answer the
questions below. Then find out how many people in the class can answer all of the
questions confidently.
Can you remember ...
1 the name of your school teacher when you were five?
2 what you enjoyed watching on TV when you were four?
3 what types of food you really liked or disliked when you were three?
4 who you played with when you were t wo?
Unit map 5 your favourite toy or game when you were one?
•vocabulary
2 VOCABULARY Study the words below. Which are related to remembering and which
Remembering and forgetting
Idioms: memory are related to forgetting?
Personality Remembering and forgetting
•Word Skills Verbs blot out evoke recall remind reminisce suppress
Phrasal verbs (1) Nouns mind nostalgia recollections
•er.am a, Adjectives evocative lasting unforgettable
Question forms
Habit ual actions 3 Complete the text about childhood amnesia with words from exercise 2. What
three synonyms for 'remember' (two single verbs and one phrase) are there in the
•Listening Designer babies
completed text?
...

t�\ dJJl •�--�

•Reading Bad beginnings
THE FIRST two or three years of your
life are full of new and, you would think,
_____ experiences. But the reality is that
most adults can 2_____ almost nothing
from those very early years, their earliest
_____ being, on average, from the age
of about three and a half. This phenomenon
is oft�n referred to as 'childhood amnesia'.
Interestingly, young children are often able to
•speaking Interview bring to 4_____ certain events from their
first two years of life but, for reasons which are
not fully understood, they generally lose this
ability as they get older. (The artist Salvador Dali
claimed he could recollect being in the womb,
but there is no way to prove or disprove this!)
•writing Opinion essay Do those earliest memories disappear or does
•culturel the mind 5_____ them for some reason?
The Legend of King Arthur Nobody is sure.
As well as this tendency to lose or
_ _ ___ memories from the first three
years, most people have far fewer memories
up to the age of eight than for other periods
in their lives and they are often quite sketchy.
Sometimes a picture or a piece of music can
• Literature 1 _____ you of something or someone
The Sword in the Stone, from years ago, and smells can be particularly
TH White 8
_____ • It is also possible for a sight,

•vocabulary Builder page 126 smell or sound to 9_ ___ a feeling -

(inmrna1t Blc1.r.,- for example, 10_ __ _ _ - rather than a
specific memory. We still do not know exactly
how the human mind stores information,
but we do know that people who frequently
11_____ about childhood experiences are
more likely to create 12_____ memories.

� Unit 1 Beginnings
4 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Define 'childhood amnesia' in
FLUENCY!
one sentence. Do your answers to exercise 1 support the
theory or contradict it? �I) Some adjectives go naturally with certain nouns, whereas
others with a similar meaning do not. Learning these
5 Choose the correct words in the sentences. Then complete collocations will help you sound more fluent. Study the
them with your own ideas. Use your imagination. adjectives from a-d which fit this example:
When my grandfather is with friends, they like to sit and I have a(n) _____ memory of our first meeting.
evoke/ reminisce about .. a dim distant hazy vague
2 My aunt has blotted/ suppressed out most of her b abiding clear enduring strong vivid
memories of boarding school because ..
c fond pleasant
3 One thing that is particularly evocative/ unforgettable of
my uncle's childhood abroad is ... d bitter painful traumatic
4 The sound of fireworks has always recalled/ reminded my
grandmother of ... 10 Read the Fluency! box. Then find another adjective for group
5 My uncle feels a lot of nostalgia/ recollections for the days a in the second paragraph of the text in exercise 3.
when ...
6 One thing that made an evocative/ a lasting impression 11 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Tell your partner some of your
on my grandmother in her youth was ... earliest memories. Use adjectives from the Fluency! box to
describe them. How many details can you remember?
6 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Compare your answers to
exercise 5. How similar are your endings? Do they show you
understand the meaning of the word you chose?
7 if.Ni Listen to four speakers talking about something
which reminded them of early childhood. For each speaker,
answer the questions below.
Where was the speaker at the time and what was he or she
doing?
2 What reminded the speaker of his or her childhood?
8 if.Ni VOCABULARY What idiomatic phrases do the
speakers use instead of the underlined words? Use the
correct form of the idioms below. Listen and check.
Idioms: memory
a trip down memory lane to come flooding back
to have a memory like a sieve to jog your memory
to know sth by heart to rack your brains to ring a bell
to take you back to
1 The title didn't remind me of anything.
2 Surprisingly, the story didn' t cause me to remember
anything.
3 Some of it really reminded me of my childhood.
4 It was an experience which brought back lots of memories.
5 All the memories suddenly came back to my mind.
6 The amazing thing is, I still knew all the words from
memory!
7 Mind you, she's got a very bad memory, so I wasn't too
surprised.
8 I've been trying hard to remember ever since but I just
can't remember.
9 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss the questions below.
Can you think of ...
1 a poem or song lyric which you know by heart?
2 a particularly evocative smell which takes you back to your
childhood?
3 something you do to jog your memory if you have
something important to remember?

Unit 1 Beginnings 1111111

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S SPEAKING Work in groups of four. Form two pairs, A and B.

Pair A make a list of:
a the benefits of setting up a business with a friend.
b the drawbacks of organising an event with a friend.
Pair B make a list of:
a the drawbacks of setting up a business with a friend.
b the benefits of organising an event with a friend.
6 SPEAKING Work in the same groups of four. Now form two
new pairs, with one student from Pair A and one student
from Pair B. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of
1 SPEAKING Describe the photo. How do you think the the two activities. Try to maintain the interaction by using
people are feeling? What are the advantages of doing this the phrases in exercise 3.
............................................................

J. '.
activity with a friend?
a

�;::�:� !�: �:��s(��g the different options in this f

task, you and your partner may not share the same
opinions. In this case, you should negotiate to try to reach ·
an agreement. Negotiating involves: ,I
• disagreeing politely and justifying your opinion.
• asking whether your partner agrees.
• conceding a point.
• concluding the discussion.

2 rtlBJ Read the task above. Then listen to two students 7 KEY PHRASES Read the Speaking Strategy. Complete the
doing the task. Answer the questions. phrases with the words below.
Which points in the task did they cover? along come disagree fair going happier help
2 Which advantages and disadvantages do they give for each point suppose way wonder wrap

.-..........................................................
point? Disagreeing politely
1
I can't _ _ __ thinking that ..
Speaking Strategy (1) That's one 2 of looking at it, I suppose, but ..
In the discussion phase of a collaborative task, avoid Maybe, but I just 3 if ..
repeating the words in the question. For example, when Asking if your partner agrees
you are asked to discuss advantages and disadvantages, Would you be 4___ _ _ if ?
use synonyms for these words: You wouldn't 5_ _ _ _ with that, would you?
It's a plus for me having a friend to study with. Would you go 6___ _ _ with that?
I find it difficult to stay focused when I study with a Conceding a point
friend, so for me, it's a minus. Good 7_ _ _ __ . I hadn't thought of that

• ....,.__�!tl!ll'lolllll>'t-�����-���
_____ enough. I can accept that
Yes, I 9_ _ __ you're right
3 KEY PHRASES Read the Speaking Strategy. Then complete Concluding the discussion
the phrases with the words below. So, have we 10_ __ _ to a decision?
added benefit downside drawbacks main outweigh Which one are we 11__ __ for, then?
plus pros Let's 12 this up, shall we?
Talking about advantages and disadvantages
Which of the activities is likely to cause the greatest
1 the_____ {dis)advantage of ... is ..
problems in a friendship?
2 one major___ __ / drawback of ... is ...
3 the upside/_____ of ... is ... 8 rtmJ Read the question above. Then listen to the same
4 weighing up the_____ and cons ... , I'd say ... two students answering it.
5 ... has some additional benefits/____ _, such as ...
6 ... has the_ _ __ bonus of .. 1 Which of the key phrases from exercise 7 do they use?
7 the advantages ____ _ the disadvantages 2 What decision to they come to?
8 for me, it's a ____ _/ minus 9 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Turn to page 151 and do the
4 rtllD Listen again. Which phrases from exercise 3 do the speaking task. Use phr ases from exercises 3 and 7.
speakers use. How do they complete them?

- Unit 3 Partners
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Online campaigns
I can infer information which is implied rather than overtly stated. �,tw�J,
1 SPEAKING What is an online petition? Have you ever 4 (tJm Listen to five people talking about Change.org.
signed one? Why?/ Why not? Were their petitions successful or unsuccessful? Is the
2 SPEAKING Read the text. What's the difference between a information clearly stated or only implied?
grassroots campaign and 'astroturfing'. Why do you think it 5 (tJm Listen again. For questions 1 and 2, choose the
is called 'astroturfing'? correct answer (A-H) for each speaker (1-5). There are three
extra sentences.
e Why does each speaker start the petition?
Ato prevent a new building development_
Bto help preserve a public facility_
When Change.org was launched Cto prevent somebody from coming to the UK_
in 2007, its mission was to Dto stop antisocial behaviour_
give a more prominent voice Eto help a family remain in the country_
to local campaigns organised Fto protect small businesses in the area_
by ordinary people. These Gto generate publicity for a business_
'grassroots' campaigns could Hto force an amendment to a new law
attract thousands of supporters
a day using online petitions and, 2 What surprises each speaker about the experience?
for the first time, exert genuine A the technical difficulty of setting up the petition_
influence on government and B the number of people who signed_
big business. There have been some notable successes and, C the ruthless tactics of a commercial company_
as the idea has caught on in more and more countries, the D an absence of support from friends and family_
number of users has skyrocketed. But there have also been E a lack of gratitude_
criticisms. Some people say the choice of domain name F the accusations of bullying_
implies that Change.org is a charity, whereas in reality it is G the feeling of anti-climax afterwards_
a commercial organisation. Also, it has been claimed that H the media interest in the petition_
companies use the site for 'astroturfing'- that is, using
multiple fake identities in order to make a commercial 6 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Think of a petition you would like
campaign resemble a grassroots campaign. But perhaps the to start on Change.org. It can relate to a local, national or
most damaging criticism, strenuously denied by Change.org, global issue. Use the examples below to help you.
is that what began as a way of challenging the power of
large multinational corporations has itself become one, and sAve t>V1t.sw1MMl«ti ft>t>J.-l I
has in the process lost sight of its original mission.
Invest in edu��lion. NO MORE HUNTING•
. -.......................................................... ·.·
· Listening Strategy BAN INSECTICIDES. £,U4l taif4t, /ota Alli
Sometimes information can be implied rather than
clearly stated. For example, a subsequent contrast or I MAKE OUR STREETS SAFER! 11
concession can make the speaker's opinion clear:
We spent the morning shopping for souvenirs, but then KEY PHRASES Complete the phrases with verbs below.
we had a relaxing a�ernoon at the beach. Then decide on the wording of your petition and make a
(Implication: the morning was not relaxing.) list of reasons why it is important. Use the key phrases to
help you.
3 (tllD Read the Listening Strategy. Then listen and bring cut initiate make provide put raise reverse
choose the correct implication. Justify your choices. Does Politics and change
everyone in the class agree? 1 _____ the red tape (surrounding ... )
The speaker's brother was/ wasn't keen to help with the 2 _ ___ a stop to ...
petition. 3 _____ the trend (towards ... )
2 The speaker was/ wasn't happy his sister came to stay. 4 _ ___ in legislation (to ...)
3 The speaker found the first term's topic interesting/ 5 _____ it easier/ harder/ illegal for people to ..
uninteresting. 6 __ __ more funding (for ...)
4 The speaker is/ isn't a fan of modern classical music. 7 _ _ __/ reduce taxes (so that ... )
5 The speaker thinks climate change is/ isn't an important 8 _____ a project to ...
issue. 8 SPEAKING Share your ideas with the class and explain
6 Numbers have surged/ dwindled at the speaker's athletics why your petition is important. Take a class vote with each
club since last year. student voting for their three favourite petitions. Which
7 The speaker wants/ doesn't want to go on holiday in May. petition gets the most support?

Unit4 Changes IJIIII

Quantity
I can use articles and quantifiers correctly.

1 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss these questions: Do you

LEARN THIS! Quantifiers
always behave in a logical way? Can you think of a time
when you or somebody else behaved illogically?
:G); The choice of quantifier will depend not only on meaning
"" but also on:
2 Read the text. What is the main difference between a • register (formal or informal).
'nudge' and a WPI? • countability or uncountability of the noun.
• whether the sentence is affirmative or negative.
• whether it is a question.

For 1many years, psychologists have known that 2a lot

of our behaviour is influenced by factors we are not 4 Read the Learn this! box. Then look at the list below and
consciously aware of. Sometimes, we get into bad habits say which quantifier(s):
which we cannot seem to break, however 3much effort we 1 is the most informal?
make. Simply telling ourselves to change has 4Little or no 2 can only be used with countable nouns? (x3)
effect. But there are 5a few psychological tricks which can 3 can only be used with uncountable nouns? (x2)
help us on the road to self-improvement. 4 is used more often in negative sentences and questions
In 1982, a professor at the University of Virginia tried than in affirmative sentences.
an experiment. He showed 6half his class (Group A) a good deal of all any both enough every fewer
statistics which demonstrated that new students always half less loads of most none of some
struggle at first but. then improve. Group B received
7
none of this information. Over the next year, Group P(s - Grammar Builder 4.2 page 140
grades improved faster than Group B's and 'lfewer of them
dropped out of university. Why? Because they did not 5 Explain how the choice of article or quantifier alters the
blame themselves for 9any of their early failures; they saw meaning or register of the sentences below. (Both are
them as normal. This experiment was an early example correct English.)
of what psychologists now call 'wise psychological We found a/ one restaurant near the hotel.
interventions' or WPis, which enable self-improvement by 2 I spent an/ the whole afternoon tidying my room.
removing mental blocks. 3 The teacher asked each/ every student to name a film.
'Nudges' are similar to WPis but their effect is more 4 Not all/ None of my friends went to the par ty.
immediate. Governments have shown 10a great deal of S A few/ Few people visit the islands in winter.
interest in 'nudges' because they offer a way of altering 6 Strangely, she couldn't remember both/ either of her own
people's behaviour without the need for new Laws. In email addresses.
one study, researchers wondered whether 'nudges' could 7 Loads of/ Many people who tried to buy tickets for the
improve the health of people who were not eating event were unsuccessful.
11enough fruit and vegetables. They drew a line across
8 I had never had the chance to study Drama at any/ either
the middle of supermarket shopping trolleys and wrote of my previous schools.
'fruit and vegetables' on one side. Because it looked as 9 To be honest I hadn't realised that both/ neither of my
if 12one half of the space in the trolley was for fruit and parents had visited the USA.
vegetables, shoppers bought more.
6 SPEAKING Complete the short text about a psychological
experiment using the words below. Then in pairs, discuss
questions 1-3.
3 Look at the highlighted quantifiers in the text. Tick the any both little most neither some
alternatives below which make sense in the context and
are grammatically correct.
You are given £100 and told that you can
a) some./ b) a lot of./ c) much)( keep 1_____ of it as long as you offer
2 a) any of b) much of c) a good deal of
_____ of it - however 3_____
3 a) lots of b) more c) some
to a stranger. If the stranger rejects your offer,
4 a) hardly an b) hardly any c) a little or no 4 _____ of you gets 5_____ money.
5 a) several b) some c) some of the
6_____ of you know the rules.
6 a) a half b) half of c) one half of
7 a) not any of b) any of c) neither of
8 a) any b) enough c) nearly every 1 What is the most logica I way for the people to behave?
9 a) all of b) none of c) more of 2 How do you think people in the experiment actually
10 a) some of b) all of c) lots of behaved in practice? Why?
11 a) many b) either c) no 3 How would you behave in each of the two roles in the
12 a) a good deal b) a lot c) much experiment?

·iii Unit 4 Changes

1 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Which science-fiction topic does
each photo represent? Name a book or a film that features STORIES have contained an element of fantasy since
each of the topics. literature began, but it wasn't until the emergence of
modern science during the 19th century that the genre
2 Read about the early days of science fiction in literature. we know today as science fiction was born. Arguably, the
What is the significance of the dates below? s first science-fiction novel ever written was Mary Shelley's
1864 1895 1896 1920 1926 1930 1932 1930s-1950s Frankenstein in 1818, which featured a mad scientist
dealing with advanced technology. However, the fathers
3 Read the text again. Answer the questions in your own words. of the genre are generally considered to be the French
Why is Mary Shelley's Frankenstein considered the first writer Jules Verne and HG Wells, who was British. In
10 Journey to the Centre of the Earth (1864), Verne used the
science fiction novel?
2 Which two authors are credited with writing the first technology of the day in a daring adventure, while Wells
created a scientific device in The Time Machine (1895) to
science fiction novels?
show Victorian society the error of its ways.
3 Who or what made the genre popular in the USA? Thanks to Verne and Wells, the influence of science
4 Which word entered the English language from Czech? 1s fiction spread, not only throughout France and Britain,
What does it mean? but also across the Atlantic to the US, where Edgar Allan
5 How were dystopian novels regarded before Brave New Poe had already published The Unparalleled Adventure
World? of One Hans Pfaal in 1835, a story about a flight to the
6 Where did science fiction flourish after the Golden Age of moon in a balloon. Many other American authors began
literature? 20 to incorporate science and technology into their works,

but the genre really took off in the US at the turn of the
4 SPEAKING Work in pairs. What do you think is the appeal century with the birth of inexpensive fiction magazines
of science fiction? known as 'the Pulps' in 1896. In 1926 the magazine
5 i+&HI Listen to a podcast about science fiction in the Amazing Stories began, which was devoted exclusively to
2s works of science fiction and gave rise to the first sci-fi
cinema. Match 1-6 with the film titles below.
fans. Meanwhile, the genre had reached other countries,
a 2007: A Space Odyssey d Metropolis such as the former Czechoslovakia, where in 1920 the
b A Trip to theMoon e Star Wars playwright Karel Capek published R.U.R., the first work
c Forbidden Planet f TheMatrix about robots, introducing the word robot, Czech for
30 slave or servant, to the world's vocabulary. The early
Which science-fiction film ...
1 was the first to be made? _ _ _ _ 20th century also saw the birth of the dystopian novel,
stories about individuals trapped in repressive societies
2 was the first to feature an intelligent machine? ____ _ in the future with little hope of escape. These works were
3 was the first to have a futuristic soundtrack? ____ _ largely ignored by mainstream critics until Aldous Huxley
4 gives an accurate description of an interplanetary voyage? 3s published Brave New World in 1932, an ironic portrait of
an apparently happy society created by means of genetic
5 has been made into a famous brand? _____ engineering.
6 is set in a dystopian virtual world? _ _ _ _ The middle of the 20th century saw the Golden Age
of science fiction, with the publication of many classic
6 iffl§I Listen again. Which three events in real life have 40 stories and the arrival in 1930 of a new magazine called
influenced the evolution of the genre? In what way? Astounding Science Fiction. The 'big three' science-fiction
7 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. writers at the time were the Americans Isaac Asimov
and Robert A. Heinlein, and the British author Arthur C.
1 Have you read any of the books or seen any of the films in Clarke, but there were also many others. By the end of
the lesson? If so, tell a partner. If not, which would you like 4s the 1950s, writers were moving on to new topics and this
to read or see? Why? signified the end of the Golden Age of science fiction
2 If you were making a science-fiction novel or film, what in literature. By then, however, the genre had begun to
would it be about? Use ideas from the lesson or your own triumph in another area: the motion-picture industry.
ideas.

- Culture Bank
1 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Which do you prefer, reading
books or watching TV? Why? ifiHfj The firemen are acting on another tip-off. Montag
finds himself in front of his own house. This time, he is
2 USE OF ENGLISH Complete the information about Ray wearing a radio earpiece that enables him to speak to a
Bradbury and Fahrenheit 451 with the correct prepositions. friend, a man named Faber.
s Montag stood looking in now at this queer house, made
strange by the hour of the night, by murmuring neighbour
Published in 1953, Ray Bradbury's award-winning novel voices, by littered glass, and there on the floor, their covers
Fahrenheit 451 appeared during the Golden Age of torn off and spilled out like swan-feathers, the incredible
science fiction. The title derives 1_ _ the temperature books that looked so silly and really not worth bothering
10 with, for these were nothing but black type and yellowed
1
2
__ which paper ignites. Set 3__ a dystopian
paper and ravelled binding.
society, in which reading is illegal and 'firemen' burn
Mildred, of course. She must have watched him hide the
any books that are found, using kerosene to set them books in the garden and brought them back in. Mildred.
alight, the story explores the fate 4__ fireman Guy Mildred.
Montag. 1s 'I want you to do this job all 2by your lonesome, Montag.
The novel was written during the McCarthy era, a Not with kerosene and a match, but 3piecework, with a
period 5_ _which the US government was actively flame-thrower. Your house, your clean-up.'
'Montag, can't you run, get away!'
pursuing any communist sympathisers in the country. 'No!' cried Montag helplessly. '4The Hound! Because of
Having witnessed the burning 6_ _ books in Nazi 20 the Hound!'

Germany during the 1930s Bradbury was concerned Faber heard, and Beatty, thinking it was meant for
that his own country might choose to adopt similarly him, heard. 'Yes, the Hound's somewhere about the
repressive measures. At the same time, he saw the neighbourhood, so don't try anything. Ready?'
'Ready.' Montag snapped the safety-catch on the flame-
emergence of radio and television 7_ _ a threat
2s thrower.
not only to reading, but also to society in general, 'Fire!'
as he believed that mass media could act 8 __ a A great nuzzling gout of flame leapt out to lap at the
books and knock them against the wall. He stepped into
the bedroom and fired twice and the twin beds went up in a
30 great simmering whisper, with more heat and passion and
3 ifilfj Listen to an extract from Fahrenheit 451. The light than he would have supposed them to contain. He
firemen are acting on a tip-off about an old woman with a burnt the bedroom walls and the cosmetics chest because he
stash of books in her attic. Who starts the fire? Why? wanted to change everything, the chairs, the tables, and in
the dining-room the silverware and plastic dishes, everything
4 ifilfj Listen again. Choose the correct answers. 3s that showed that he had lived here in this empty house with

Beatty says the books must be burned because they're a strange woman who would forget him tomorrow, who
a out of date. b in a foreign language. had gone and quite forgotten him already, listening to her
c unrealistic. d too academic.
5
Seashell radio pour in on her and in on her as she rode
across town, alone. And as before, it was good to burn, he
2 Montag appears to be more ... than the other firemen. 40 felt himself gush out in the fire, snatch, rend, rip in half with
a persuasive b dedicated to his job flame, and put away the senseless problem. If there was no
c advanced in years d compassionate solution, well then now there was no problem, either. Fire
3 Montag is carrying ... concealed inside his jacket. was best for everything!
a a recording device b a stolen book 'When you're quite finished,' said Beatty behind him.
4s 'You're under arrest.'
c a secret camera d a lethal weapon
5 SPEAKING Work in pairs. What do you think will happen
to Montag if the object in his jacket is discovered?
6 Read a later extract. Check your answer in
exercise 5. What is Beatty making Montag do?
7 Read the extract again. Answer the questions.
1 Which exchange in the dialogue is between Faber and
Montag?
2 What do you discover about Montag's wife, Mildred,
and the nature of their marriage?
8 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. GLOSSARY
1 type: printed letters
Why do some governments and organisations consider 2 by your lonesome: on your own
books to be dangerous? 3 piecework: bit by bit
2 Do you think that the dystopian society portrayed in 4 The Hound: a dog-like machine used to catch suspects
Fahrenheit 457 could exist in real life? Why?/ Why not? 5 Seashell radio: a small radio that fits into the ear

Literature Bank 1111

1111111
ISBN 978-0-19-452051-5

9 780194 520515
OXFORD

Thi1d Edition

Advanced
Workbook
b
;J; :7=1(Jh
Third Edition

Workbook

rim Falla Paul A Davies OXFORD

lane Hudson with Alex Raynham UNIVERSITY PRESS
A Past simple and present perfect
I can use the past simple and present perfect tenses.

1 Complete the sentences. Use the past simple or present 3 Write suitable responses. Use the present perfect simple or
perfect simple of the verbs below. Sometimes you need present perfect continuous.
a passive verb. Your hands are covered in mud I
be be change come invent live prove rule see Yes, 1·ve been working in the garden.
start tell 2 I wonder why Ben hasn't been at school lately.
1 Come quickly' The film_ _ _ _ I guess_____ _ ____ _ _ ___ _
_
2 She_____ a lot since I last_____ her. I 3 The f loor in the kitchen is slippery.
hardly recognised her. That's because Dad_ _ __ _______ _
3 _ __ _ paper _ _ _ _ by the Chinese or the 4 Harry and Jess aren't speaking to each other.
Egyptians?' I know._____ _ _ __ _ ____ _
_
'By the Chinese.' 5 You're looking very slim!
4 Queen Victoria_____ for 63 years, until her death Thanks. ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
in 1901 6 Why aren' t you going to the football match.
5 Tom_ _ _ _
_ very busy this wee k. Didn' t you know? It _ _ _ _ ______ _
_
6 As a child I in Oxford for a number of years. 7 Why are you so tired?
7 'When you f irst_ _ __ to the UK�'
'In 2012, so I here for about five years.' 8 Look outside. The road is all wet.
8 Ever since he was little he_____ that he wasn't Yes , _ _ ___ _ ____ _ ____ _
_
very bright. Now he them wrongl
4 Complete the email with the verbs in brackets. Use the
2 Choose the correct tense. Sometimes both answers are past simple, present perfect simple and present perfect
possible. continuous.
1 'What's happened/ been happening?'
'I've cut/ been cutting my f inger.'
2 How long have you known / been knowing Jason? t
F

I
� Hi Sally,
3 Haven' t you finished/ been finishing your essay yet?
ilil I'm so sorry I _ ______ [not bel in touch for a while.

i!�
You've worked/ been working on it for days!
I2 [tryl phoning you a couple of times
4 I wonder why we haven't heard/ been hearing from Kate.
last week but you 3 [not pick upl. Anyway,
I've expected/ been expecting her to phone for a while
I• [hardly/ have) a moment to myself
now. these past few weeks - I 5 [revise) for
5 How long have you lived/ been living in France? my exams, which 6___ _ ___ [start) on Monday. I
6 Who's used/ been using my phone? The battery's dead. ________[have) three already: French, maths and
history. Maths and history•_ ___ _ _ _ [be) awful,
but French 9________ [go) well, which was a bit of
a surprise as I 1° (only/ learn) it for two
years.
As soon as 1 11____ ___ [finish) my exams I plan to
go to France. I 12 (apply) for quite a few
jobs and I 13 [receive) a couple of offers.
But 1 1• [not hear) back yet from the one I
really want - working as an au pair in Bordeaux.
Anyway, give me a ring when you have a spare moment.
Love, Hannah

·• Unit I Introduction
Past tenses
I can use different past tenses correctly.

Complete the sentences with the verbs below. Use the past 3 Look at the timeline. Then write sentences using the
simple or the past continuous. prompts and the correct past tense.
argue borrow get not listen not seem revise spend
think
Jake didn't want to come to the park with me because he 1984 - born in Liverpool
________ for his exam. 1991 - moves to London, changes school
2 I noticed the sad look in Lucy's eyes and knew she 1993 - moves to Bristol, changes school again
____ _ _ _ about her grandfather. 1995 - star t s secondary school in Bristol
3 After retiring, our neighbour _ _ _ _ _ _ _ two 2001 - leaves school but is u nable to find work

r
years travelling around the world. 2003 - get s a job in London, moves there

J..
4 As the teacher gave the instructions, she could tell some of
Today -continues in the same job and home
the students _ _____ _
5 Outside, it was a miserable day: the sky was grey and the in 1986-live in Liverpool
rain _ _ _ _ _ _ heavier. In 1986. Tom was living in Liverpool.
6 My cousin my bike a year ago and has 2 by 1992 - move to London
never returned it.
7 Kelsie woke up suddenly; in the street outside, two men 3 in 1994-live in Bristol
___ _ _ __ loudly.
8 Even though their holiday was about to start, the children 4 by 1997-go to secondary school-two years
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ excited.

2 Tick (.I') the correct verb form to complete the sentences. 5 between 2001 and 2003-not have a Job
Tick {.I) both if both are correct.
1 By the age of eighteen, Ben_ _his university degree.
6 by 2013 -work in London - ten years
a had completed b had been completing
2 Her face was pale, as though she__ a ghost. 4 Complete the blog post using the correct past tense of the
a had seen b saw verbs in brackets.
3 As we__ in Spain for several years, we all spoke good
Spanish.
a had lived b had been living
e
4 Lucy wasn't at home when I called for her; she__
into town. Two years ago, I ' ----- - -(decide) to
a had gone b went move to Japan for six months. I 2___ _ _ __

S He a shower when we arrived, so he hadn't heard us (always / want) to learn Japanese and I
3
_ _ _ _ _ _ _(even / try) a few online
knock at the door.
lessons, but without much success. The only
a had had b had been having
answer, in my opinion, _ • _ ____ (be)
6 I wish I more attention when we studied this to live there for a while. During the the eight years
grammar point in class. since leaving university, I 5
a had paid b had been paying (work) non-stop in a well-paid job, so taking six
7 His eyes were red, as though he __. ,,, months off 6_ _____ (seem) financially
a had cried b had been crying possible. Three months after making the decision,
8 As soon as_ _ his dinner, he went out. I 7_ _____ _ (sit) on a flight to Tokyo!
Finally, my dream 8_ _ _ ___ _(become) a
a he'd finished b he finished 9
reality. Before leaving the UK, I _ ___ _ _ _

(find) an apartment to rent in a quiet part of the

city. I remember waking up on my first morning
there and thinking how beautiful everything looked.
The sun 10_ _ _ _ ___ (shine) and the
birds 11___ _ _ _ _ _(sing) in the trees. I
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ (go) out to buy some food from
the nearest shop -and that's when my problems
_ _ _ ___ (begin).

Unit I Introduction -
Talking about the future
I can talk about predictions, plans, offers, routines.

1 Complete the sentences with the verbs below. Use will or 3 Four of these sentences would be better expressed with a
going to. different future form. Identify and rewrite them.
apply carry come out have lend love travel vomit 1 Have you heard? Liam and Sarah will have a baby.
Did you know that Joseph___ _ _ _ _ _for a place
at Oxford University?
2 I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ my car serviced next week. It's 2 'When is the next episode of that drama on?'
booked in for Tuesday. 'On Monday evening at nine.·
3 I_ ___ _ _ _one of your suitcases, if you like.
4 I feel terrible. I think I·--- - - - -
-
5 Look! The clouds are beginning to break up. The sun 3 If you don't work harder, you're certainly failing your exams.

6 'What are your plans for when you leave school?'

'I_ __ ___ around Asia for a year.' 4 Watch out! That ladder will fall!
7 ____ _you still_ _ __ me in ten years'
timel
8 'Oh dear. I've forgotten to bring any money ' S You definitely aren't going to be able to use a calculator in
'Don't worry. I_ _ _ _ ___ you some your maths exam.

2 Choose the correct future forms. Sometimes more than

one answer is possible.
6 'What are your plans for when you leave school.'
There's the doorbell. I'll answer/ 'm answering it. 'I'm going to take a gap year.'
2 I promise I'll text/ text you as soon as I get/ 'II get to the
music festival.
3 Chelsea will/ are going to beat Manchester United in the
final, for sure. 4 Complete the conversation. Use will, going to, the present
continuous and the present simple.
4 Phone me tomorrow. I'll be/ 'm / 'm going to be at home.
S We'll probably go/ probably go/ 're probably going to go you_ _ ____
Henry _ ___ _(go) to
to Italy next August. We usually go there in the summer. Jake's party on Friday?
6 My sister isn't sure what she'll do/ 's going to do/ does/ 's 2 3
Martha No, I __ _ _ _ __ . I _ _____
doing when she graduates from university. (go) away this weekend with my mum and dad. We
7 The bus leaves/ will leave Manchester at seven, and as _______
_ (head of f ) to Amsterdam. We
long as there are no/ 'II be no/ aren't going to be any _ _ _____ (visit) the Van Gogh museum
delays, it'll arrive/ arrives in London at ten. and the Rijksmuseum.
8 I visit/ 'm visiting/ 'm going to visit/ 'II visit my Henry Oh, that _
6
_ _ _ _
_ (be) interesting.
grandparents on Saturday. Martha Yes, I 7 (look) forward to it.
Henry What time 8 (be) your flight?
Martha It 9 (leave) at six from
Heathrow, so we 10 _ _ ___ _ _(be) in
A[!1?Jerdam by eight.
Tu···· · "-
Well;jhav.e·a· good time. 1 _
.. ti! .:. .� 1 . ,;;;
·.c:;c ;.,t; ;-
11
_ _ _ __
_ _
1
.(�e) y0L:{0rnltime next week.
'£ ·,::T>ii ·Pf ti! t: ;f; ·:if.?· ;. ' '.l
..,.3.Q�!'i.� 1'12• ( .. . •••. ::..: � •
.. •··
(phone) you when I
• f.� �.,, ; ·••••·r·•
" it . fu :_(gr=t b§d<),·
� .:�:.:-:
A Memories
I can describe childhood memories.

1 Circle the words which mean 'remember'. 3 ffiijefj Complete the questions about speakers 1-5 with
blot out call to mind evoke recall recollect remind the words below. Use each word once. Then listen and
choose the correct answer (a-c).
2 Choose the correct words to complete the text. If both are evocative lasting recalling reminding reminiscing
possible, choose both.
What made a _____ impression on Speaker l?
a A friend's act of kindness.
b The unpleasantness of a house full of pets.
c The feeling of walking to school alone.
2 Why did Speaker 2's mother find their trip to Paris very

a It brought back memories of a holiday with her

husband.
b It reminded her of a visit to Paris with her own father.
c It took her back to her days at university.
3 What do Speaker 3's father and uncle spend hours
__ _ __ about?
a The farm where they grew up.
b Family get-togethers when they were young.
c The adventures they had by the sea.
4 What keeps _ _ __ Speaker 4 about an
embarrassing event?
""
a A particular food at her work canteen.
7 ��:?· b Meeting the teachers from her primary school.
In general, people have surprisingly few 1__'.'__:: fmrrC"
their early childhood. They may be able to:ca1JJi 2�- c Eating in a restaurant.
a small number of vivid scenes, but most pf �vyhatcthe-Y, ,. 5 Which part of his childhood does Speaker 5 spend little
experienced during those formative years can�never b.e time____ _
3
__ . However, for a handful of individu91s)r:iJbe.world, it- , a The time he spent living in Italy.
is very different. For the fifty or so people in the World who
0

b The first few months after returning to the UK.

have a condition called hyperthymesia, ever/single day is c The time he spent as part of a football team.

Not only can these people 5__ everything that has 4 Complete the idioms with the words below. Then match
happened to them; they can also pinpoint the exact date. them with the correct endings (a-f).
Interestingly, their amazing memory only applies to details bell brains heart lane memory sieve
about their own life. They are no better than average
at 6__ other information. While there are benefits to 1 I've been racking my but
having hyperthymesia, there are also disadvantages. 2 Your name rings a but
For example, people with the condition are unable to 3 It was a trip down memory when
7__ unhappy or embarrassing memories. Many people 4 You jogged my when
probably look back on their childhood with a sense of 5 I've got a memory like a so
8
__ precisely because they have conveniently forgotten 6 I know my aunt's address by so
some of the bad bits!
a we visited my old primary school.
b I'm always missing meetings and appointments.
a memories b recollections c I can' t remember the name of my first teacher.
2 a brain b mind d I don't need to look it up on my phone.
3 a recalled b reminded e we've never met before.
4 a lasting_ _ b unforgettable_ _ f you mentioned it was Frazer's birthday.
5 a recollect b reminisce
6 a recalling__ b remembering_ _
7 a blot out b suppress_ _
8 a nostalgia_ _ b recollections

:• Unitl Beginnings
A Talking about stories
I can talk about books and stories.

1 Complete the email with the words below. There are two 3 Match the adjectives below with the words and phrases.
extra words. There are two extra words.
believable dialogue evocative happy humour identify chilling compelling evocative humorous p redictable
intriguing love mystery pace slow-moving thought-provoking unconvincing
'Nasty and frightening.'____ _
[email protected]
2 'Unbelievable.' _ _ _ _ _
3 'Unsurprising.' ___ _ _ _
4 'Amusing.'_ _ _ _ _ _
Thanks for the book. I like novels with a fast ' -
- - - -- and
5 'Addictive reading.'_____ _
2
an_ _ _ _ _ _ plot, and that novel had both. And even though
6 'It really makes you think.' _ _ _
_
I don't usually like a ' -
-- - -
- ending, it wasn't sentimental
at all. There was a lot of 4 in it too - I laughed out 4 Complete the idioms and set phrases.
loud several times! 1 The illustration on the front is awful, but don't judge a
Anyway, it's my turn and I'm sending you Parallel, by Lauren Miller. book_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
It's about a girl who wakes up one day in a different life and then 2 It's a real page-
_ _ _ _ _. I couldn't put it down.
has to solve the 5_ ____
_ of how she got there. The 3 The book is at first heavy but it speeds up
character of the girl (Rory) is very 6
___ _ _
_ , and you can later.
easily 7_ _ _ _ _ with her. Her _ 8
__ _
_ interest is 4 Jack's a real _ _ _ _ _ _ - he spends all his money in
a handsome but slightly annoying boy called North. I really hope you bookshops.
enjoy it - I'm putting it in the post today. 5 It isn't good_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _because it's scary and
Happy reading! it'll keep you awake.
6 He doesn't say he hates the government, but you
understand that if you read_ _ _ _ _ _ _

2 Choose the correct words to complete the book review.

5 1fi8nj Listen to four people talking about books. Which
literary form does each speaker talk about?
1
_
_____
2 _________________
3
4 ___ ____ _________ _____ _
Emile Zola's masterpiece'
6
Germinal is 1 set /written
in the poor French mining
village of Montsou in the · This speaker ...
mid-1800s. The novel A says that the book has both humorous and macabre
2
hinges /opens as a young moments.
man, Etienne Lantier, B thinks the work is unconvincing in places but has good
arrives one cold March descriptions._ _
day. He stays, and soon C says that the story has a lot of suspense and likes the way
feels outrage at the poor the plot contains some red herrings.__
villagers' desperate lives. As D says that the work is light-hearted but not shallow.__
written, Etienne leads a miners' str:ik1�;\1h . i. cr�I§c.f E finds the story very touching and compares it to another
repressed. •central /Drawn, to thl� .b'10l'·IS tne-t-ne type of literature.__
of how the poor are ex1p1cntE·ct
novel has many interesting 'p1oi11ts alt vie,iv. t tJ
turns, and the characters are be,a;.1 ::i�t�i1 l �'. 1·�·
, . 1 ]
Although the 7action /narrative" r tif 1,[i'1

vivid and memorable.

j Unit 2 Stories
•mE/:.,
Conditionals
I can use a range of conditional sentences.

Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. 4 Match the parts of the sentences and complete them with
I would have slept much better last night if you hadn't told the words below. Use the words more than once.
/ didn't tell me that horror story. in case provided supposing unless
2 If Jack had found out about the party, he would/ will Take some money with you .
be here. 2 ______ _ _ they ask me why I want the job, ..
3 If you had read/ read this book, you'd really like it. 3 ______ _ you need to contact me, ...
4 We would have enjoyed/ would enjoy the film more if the 4 Max will come to the cinema with us, ...
characters had been more believable. 5 I won't forgive you ______ _ _
5 We'd have/ 'II have nicer costumes for the play if we'd a ________ that he doesn't have to work late.
spent a little more money on them. b here's my email address.
6 The novel would be too sentimental if it would have/ had c what shall I say?
a happier ending. d _ _ _ _ _ _ they don't take accept credit cards.
2 Write sentences using mixed conditionals. e you apologise for what you said.

we/ have/ an easier time in Paris last month if we/ speak 5 Choose the correct words to complete the text.
/ French

2 I/ not have to/ fix your computer all the time if you/ buy/
an anti-virus programme
Tim Berners-Lee is usually credited
with inventing the world wide web
1
in the 1980s, but __ for many
3 if people/ not invent/ cars, trains/ still be/ the main form
of transport other people, today's internet would
not exist. If computer technology
2__ advanced rapidly after
World War II, we wouldn't have
4 if Toby/ apologise/ for what he said, I/ not be/ so angry had the infrastructure needed to
with him build the internet. The computer
revolution 3_ _ taken place without the work of Alan
Turing, who built the first modern computer in the 1940s.
5 if you/ check/ Facebook more often, you/ know/ about And 4__ people hadn't used binary code for centuries in
smoke signals. Morse code and textile machines - would
the Literature Festival
we have thought of using it to write computer programmes?
It's difficult to imagine what the world would be like today
5
if we __ the internet, because the technology is so
3 Tick (.1) the correct sentences and rewrite the incorrect interwoven with our daily lives. But 6_ _ the internet
ones. suddenly stopped working? Some scientists think this
7__ one day - if the energy from a big solar storm hits
1 Should Claire phone I'd tell her that you're busy.
Earth, it 8__ electronic devices worldwide. 9_ _ we
protect computer networks better, we 10__ one day be in
big trouble!
2 You'd do well, were it not for your lazy attitude.

a wouldn't it b had it not been c were it

3 Had you not come, I wouldn't know anyone here. 2 a wouldn't b hadn't C didn't
3 a hadn't had b didn't have c wouldn't have
4 a provided b in case c supposing
4 Was I more confident, I'd ask Darren out. 5 a hadn't invented b wouldn't invent c won't invent
6 a as long as b provided that c what if
7 a would happen b happens c could happen
5 Had you have asked me, I would have helped you. 8 a disabled b disables c may disable
9 a As long as b Unless c Supposing
10 a may b would c can

Unit 2 Stories Im
Cumulative Review 3 (Units I-5)

Grammar and vocabulary

4 The writer thinks that the growth of megacities ... 4 Choose the correct words to complete the text.
a is definitely a good thing. a using c being used d that used
b were used
b will mean that governments can't cope. 2 a hadn't c were not d couldn't
b didn't yet
c may well be unstoppable. been have
d will be bad for mankind. 3 a most b few C more and d far more
S What message does the last paragraph contain? more
a The difference between a better or worse future 4 a propose b recommend c inform d claim
depends a lot on what we do. S a as b like C being d as if
b We need to halt the growth of mega cities immediately. 6 a be making b are making c have made d be made
c We must invest more money in new technologies. 7 a they are b it c could be d so
d Wealthy countries will continue to act unfairly towards 8 a insist b argue c agree d urge
developing nations.

The streets of growing cities are often built on old farm land, so food
for the city's sky-rocketing population has to come from f�rt,her and
further away. One solution may be to build farms inside tne city - in
small empty spaces between buildings, or even on rooftops:lhere are
already such city farms in small cities like Havana and Vantouv8:r; but The word 'robot' first appeared in
the big challenge is to scale these up for megacities, .,wh8:re gpace is Jn Karel Capek's 1920 play RER, which
even shorter supply. For this reason, some people envisage huge ver:tical portrayed robots'-- - - -
farms in skyscrapers, where food can be grown on each floor. . as factory workers before they
Megacities like Sao Paulo and Los Angeles - where hundreds of new rebelled and began to kill their
cars go onto the streets every week - are regularly paralys1:id by traffic human bosses. At the time, real robots___ 2
_ invented,
_
congestion. Clearly, transport systems will need to be totally redesigned but today they are a part of our lives. Robots are being used to do
to cope with escalating urban populations. To this end, China will soon _ _ __ jobs all the time, and they are useful in far more
have developed an electric bus which can carry up to 1,000 people! And ways than Capek could have dreamed. But what if he was right?
this megabus won't be taking up any space on the road - it's designed Today many scientists 4____ _ that robots could
to be like a bridge on wheels, travelling over other traffic:� one day be a grave danger to mankind. They point out that
The growth of megacities is probably inevitable, but wjll it be a good the computing power of devices is doubling every few years.
or a bad thing? Optimists point to cities like Shanghai and Chengdu, Given this fact, it's seen 5____ _ _inevitable that one day
which have transformed themselves and radically improved life.for. machines will be able to think. But when that happens, will they
their populations. However, others point to megacities like Mumbai be friendly or hostile towards us?
and Jakarta, where population growth far outpaces the abili'ty of- Armed military robots are already used on the battlefield
local governments to provide enough infrastructure. At the end of the - albeit under human control. But could robot soldiers
day, wealthy governments need to do their bit to help improve the ___ _ _ their own decisions one day, and could they
infrastructure of cities in developing nations. If they do this, megacities also commit terrible atrocities? People like Elon Musk and
will become magnets of technology, education and culture, creating new Stephen Hawking certainly think'- - - - - possible. They
opportunities for mankind. If they don't, untold millions will be forced to __ __ us to find ways to control thinking machines
live in poverty-stricken, crime-ridden cities, competing desperately for before the first ones appear. If we don't, they warn, thinking
dwindling resources. machines could find ways to control us!

Writing
5 Read the essay task below and write an essay of 220-260
words. Remember to plan your paragraphs before you start
writing.

Some people argue that wind power is an important energy

technology which helps to protect the environment. Others
say that wind turbines are ugly structures which spoil the
landscape. Write an essay which presents the advantages and
disadvantages of using wind power.

Cumulative Review 11!111

Functions Bank

-
Eliciting a response
What do you think of the idea that .. ? (7G)
What's your view of ... ? (7G)
Don't you agree that ... ? (7G)
Would it be fair to say that ... ? (7G)
Why do/ don't you like the idea of .. ? (7G)
Would you prefer to ... ? (7G)
What do you like/ dislike about ... ? (7G)
w 1 ! 1

Causes and consequ�nces

This situation/ state of affairs has been brought about by ... (8H)
This is due to .../ This is the result of ... (8H)
One reason for ... is ... (8H)
The situation/ problem has been exacerbated by .. (8H)
The principle cause of ... is ... (8H)
This has given rise to ... (8H)
One of the main consequences of .. is ... (8H)
This has resulted in ... (8H)
Consequently, .../ As a result, .../ Hence, ... (8H)

Dealing with interruptions

Can I just stop you there for a moment? (9G)
Sorry for interrupting, but ... (9G)
Excuse me for butting in, but ... (9G)
Bef ore you go on, I'd just like to say ... (9G)
If I could just come in here, I think ... (9G)
Sure. What do you think? (9G)
That's OK. What did you want to say? (9G)
Yes, of course, go ahead. (9G)
Please let me continue. (9G)
Can I complete my train of thought? (9G)
Do you mind if I finish? (9G)
As I was saying , I think ... (9G)
Continuing where I left off .. (9G)
Where was I? Oh yes, ... (9G)

Evaluating· an experience/ event

Broadly speaking, ... leaves a lot to be desired (9H)
The downside of my placement was ... (9H)
In general, ... lived up to my expectations. (9H)
On the whole , I gained a great deal/ very little from ... (9H)
In terms of ... , ... definitely has/ had the edge over ... (9H)
The ... was superb, unlike the ... , which was appalling. (9H)
Weighing up the different factors, I would say ... (9H)

;;;:,�:·:• Functions Bank

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