Teacher’s Notes

Virginia Evans Jenny Dooley

Ksenia Baranova Victoria Kopylova
Radislav Millrood
Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 4

Answer Section ............................................................................................................................................................................. p. 19

Interlocutor Cards ...................................................................................................................................................................... p. 72

Tapescripts ...................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 78

Workbook Key .............................................................................................................................................................................. p. 106

Workbook Tapescripts .............................................................................................................................................................. p. 129

3
Introduction to the Teacher
Starlight 11 is a modular secondary level course for exercise in Module 1. (Naturally, teachers may choose to
learners studying English at B2 level. omit, extend or adapt any of the material in the
It is ideally suited to students preparing for the Russian Student’s Book at their discretion, to suit the particular
National Examination in English. It also aims to develop needs of their class.)
well-rounded language competence which fully meets In addition, there is a section entitled General Teaching
the criteria of B2 level, and it provides an invaluable Techniques which deals with issues such as how to present
learning foundation for students preparing for any new vocabulary, correct students’ errors, and so on; there is
typical B2-oriented exam. also a section entitled Types of Learning Styles, which
According to the European Framework of Reference, describes the various learning aptitudes different students
students at level B2 are able, among other things, to: exhibit, and how these may be catered for.
understand the main ideas of complex text on both
concrete and abstract topics; interact with a degree of Workbook
fluency and spontaneity that makes interaction with The Workbook consists of five modules, which
native speakers quite possible; produce clear, detailed complement the themes and content of the
text on a wide range of subjects; and explain a viewpoint corresponding modules in the Student’s Book, and
on a topical issue, giving the advantages and contain elements specifically designed to extend and
disadvantages of various options. consolidate learning through a wide variety of tasks.
Starlight 11 aims at the balanced development of all four Each module contains seven two-page sections: three
language skills, while allowing for a flexibility of approach Reading & Vocabulary sections, Listening & Speaking, Use
which makes it suitable for all classes, including large or of English,Writing and Vocabulary & Grammar.
mixed-ability classes. As mentioned above, the Key to all exercises in the
The course incorporates both a cross-cultural and Workbook are contained in this Teacher’s Book.
cross-curricular approach, and its syllabus reflects the
guidelines of the Council of Europe Framework. Test Booklet
The coursebook consists of five modules of 30-32 pages The Test Booklet contains 5 tests, each in two separate
each, covering a wide variety of topics. The Workbook parts, A and B.
provides supplementary practice in the full range of Part A of each test is Vocabulary & Grammar; this
relevant language skills. includes a range of exercises similar to those in the
Progress Check sections as well as RNE type tasks, to
Course Components revise and test elements of vocabulary and grammar
covered in the relevant module of the coursebook.
Student’s Book Part B of each test is Reading and Writing; this includes
The Student’s Book is the main component of the an exam-style reading task based on a text of
course. It consists of five modules of thirteen or approximately 500 to 600 words, and an exam-style
fourteen units each. Each unit is based on a single theme writing task.
and covers a wide variety of related topics. All units The Test Booklet is available in electronic form and
follow the same basic format (See Elements of the includes a full Key to all tests, as well as model answers
Coursebook). for the Writing section.
Teacher’s Book & Teacher’s Notes
Interactive WhiteBoard
The Teacher’s version of the coursebook reproduces
The Starlight 11 Interactive WhiteBoard software utilises
the Student’s version, overprinted with a Key to the
the highly successful IWB program architecture developed
exercises. Longer answers which cannot fit on the
by Express Publishing.
overprinted page are contained in the Answer Section of
these Teacher’s Notes (pp. 19-71), together with the The software enables the teacher to present the course
Interlocutor Cards for RNE Speaking tasks (pp. 72-77). material, page by page and/or exercise by exercise, with
a variety of electronic tools which allow significantly
The Teacher’s Notes also contains a full Key to the
enhanced student involvement in the learning process
exercises in the Workbook (pp. 106-128), as well as
and a far greater degree of flexibility in using the course
tapescripts of all listening material in the Student’s book
material in the classroom.
(pp. 78-105) and the Workbook (pp. 129-139).
The software contains all course material, printed and
The notes entitled Teaching Starlight 11 provide
recorded, contained in the Student’s Book.
outlines of the format of each section in a module, plus
detailed, step-by-step suggestions on how to teach each
4
Class Audio CDs The unit concludes with more open-ended practice in
The Class Audio CDs contain all the recorded material the three other skills (Listening, Speaking and Writing)
which accompanies the course. This includes the to ensure consolidation of learning and the well-
recorded texts of all reading passages in the units and in rounded integration of language skills.
the Across Cultures, Literature and Green Issues/
Curricular Cut sections, as well as the recorded Vocabulary & Grammar
material for all dialogues, in addition to the material Each Reading unit is followed by a related unit whose
used in the listening tasks. primary focus is Vocabulary & Grammar.
The target language areas, first presented in a meaningful
Elements of the coursebook context in the preceding unit, are practised and
extended through a variety of exercises.
Each module contains the elements described below. In By developing the students’ ability to use the vocabulary
addition, it is important to note certain incorporated and grammar in an integrated range of skills, this
features of the organisation of the course. systematically improves their performance in each part
Holistic language learning of the exam.
Each unit includes integrated practice of all four There is also a complete Grammar Reference section at
language skills (reading, writing, listening and speaking). the back of the Student’s Book, which offers detailed
Heuristic skills presentation of all grammar items in each module of the
These are practised at various points in each module, coursebook (see Appendices to the Student’s Book).
where students are required to carry out research,
mainly on the Internet, in order to complete structured Listening
projects.
Each module includes a double-page Listening unit.
Active learner input
Students develop their listening skills through a variety
This is encouraged by asking students to contribute
of tasks which reinforce their mastery of the language
their own knowledge, opinions and suggestions; in
taught in the unit.
particular, tasks marked Think! require students to offer
personal input in pairwork and class discussion. In preparation for exam-specific practice, students
complete manageable tasks which activate passive
The Modular page is found at the beginning of each
vocabulary, invite them to think and talk about the topic,
module and aims at capturing students’ interest and
and systematically develop sub-skills such as listening for
motivating them to become involved in the units.
gist or specific information.
Students are introduced to the main theme of the
module and the topics of the units, and given the The listening tasks all replicate authentic spoken English
opportunity to familiarise themselves with their and feature a range of genuine native-speaker accents.
content.
Speaking
Reading Each module includes a double-page Speaking unit.
Each module contains three units whose primary focus Students develop their speaking skills through a range of
is Reading. tasks which focus on specific functions, such as
Each of these units features a different type of reading exchanging and justifying opinions and ideas, comparing
task reflecting one of those in the Russian National and contrasting, agreeing and disagreeing, and so on.
Exam, and is based on a text of approximately 500 to In preparation for exam-specific practice, students
600 words. These texts are drawn from a variety of complete manageable tasks which provide them with
appropriate authentic sources. appropriate vocabulary and a range of suitable
Each text is preceded by a Lead-in segment – that is, one expressions; this process is reinforced with visual aids,
or two warm-up exercises designed to prepare students and listening tasks which also serve as models of spoken
for the reading by encouraging speculation, brainstorming performance for students to follow.
the topic, activating passive vocabulary and so on, with
the visual aid of engaging colour photographs or Writing
illustrations. Each module includes two or three double-page Writing
Each exam-oriented segment is followed by one or two units.
tasks which develop specific reading skills such as The writing sections have been carefully designed to
skimming and scanning, while exploiting vocabulary ensure that students develop their writing skills in a
presented in the text. systematic manner.

5
The first Writing unit in each module begins with a exploring ecological and interdisciplinary themes which
presentation in overview form of the theory relevant to are relevant to the students’ status as citizens of the
a particular type of writing. planet and as successful learners of subjects other than
The rubric for a particular writing task is accompanied English. Each section is based on an appropriate text,
by a model text, and both the rubric and text are accompanied by a varied range of exercises which
thoroughly analysed. Students then practise the language include Listening, Speaking and Writing skills.
and structural devices to be used. All activities lead the
students to the final task, which follows a clear plan and Additional Material
is based on the model text provided. Progress Check sections
All writing tasks are based on authentic types and styles These reinforce students’ understanding of the topics,
of writing, including letters and emails (both formal and vocabulary and structures which have been presented in
informal), as well as a variety of argumentative essays. the module.
In addition, each unit contains a number of short writing They are found at the end of each module and help
tasks. students monitor their own progress. The students’
achievements in meeting the objectives of the module
Everyday English are clearly stated at the end of each Progress Check
A number of Vocabulary & Grammar units include an section.
exercise under the heading of Everyday English.
These exercises practise the relevant vocabulary by Focus on RNE sections
means of a speaking task which focuses on colloquial Each of these 3-page sections contains a selection of
expressions related to a particular function, such as exam-specific tasks from all five parts of the RNE.
offers and refusals, recommendations and so on.
In addition to consolidating learning of the vocabulary Appendices to the Student’s Book
involved, these tasks provide students with guided • The Grammar Reference section contains detailed
practice in communicative elements required at CEF presentation of all the grammar items featured in each
Level B2. module of the coursebook.This resource can be used
both in the classroom and at home as a guide.
Study Skills • The Further Writing Practice section features
A number of Study Skills tips are included in the course, fully-guided practice in various types of writing such
each dealing with a particular skill or strategy, to help as reports/proposals articles and reviews.
students become autonomous learners. • A comprehensive list of Phrasal Verbs contains over
300 entries with definitions and examples.Two further
Further Reading lists – Verbs/Adjectives/Nouns with Prepositions
This portion of the module presents the students with a and Prepositional Phrases – provide an accessible
variety of authentic texts on cross-cultural and cross- learning resource to help students master this
curricular topics. notoriously troublesome feature of English language
learning.
The Across Cultures sections give students information,
thematically linked to the module, about an aspect of • A list of Irregular Verbs provides students with a
Russian culture compared to the same aspect in cultures quick reference resource for irregular verb forms
from a range of English-speaking countries. The section they might be unsure of at times.
contains related reading and vocabulary tasks, and a
project which gives students the chance to process
information they have learnt and to appreciate cultural
diversity in the context of their own heritage.
The Literature sections each present a carefully
adapted extract from an appropriate work of literature.
In addition to an RNE-related reading task, the section
contains a short biography of the author, vocabulary
exercises, a creative spoken or written task to allow
students to personalise the material, and more.
The Green Issues/Curricular Cut sections reflect the
fact that the study of English extends beyond language
learning as an end in itself. Language is used as a tool for

6
Teaching Starlight 11 • Main reading task
Students then complete a reading task reflecting one of
the task types in the Russian National Exam. Each
The teaching notes below refer largely to Module 1, but
Reading unit in a module practises a different task type.
the same organisation, procedures and techniques also
Before students practise a task type for the first
apply to the other modules, which are based on the
time, they are given a Study Skills tip which outlines
same pattern. Slight differences of approach or
reading skills, strategies and techniques appropriate
organisation in later modules will be pointed out in a
to the task.
special note.
After students have completed the task, their
answers are checked and the task is analysed and
Introducing the module discussed.
Ask students to turn to p. 5. Explain that each module of • Exploiting the text
the coursebook begins with a single-page introduction Students are asked to complete one or two tasks
and overview. The title of the module describes the involving vocabulary items which have been
general theme unifying the contents of the various units. presented in context in the passage. These tasks
Elicit or explain the meaning of the title, and ask include explaining the meaning of certain words,
students to suggest examples of methods of matching words to their definitions and completing
communication. collocations.
Ask students to look at photograph 1 and then find Students then practise using the vocabulary items by
which unit it appears in (Unit 2, p. 8). Ask two or three making sentences with them.
students around the class to describe the picture and • Personalisation, extension & skills integration
identify what the unit appears to be about. Help them To conclude the unit, students complete two or
with vocabulary if necessary. Repeat this procedure for three open-ended tasks which provide practice in at
photographs 2-5, trying to ensure that as many students least two of the three other skills (Listening,
as possible are given the chance to contribute. Speaking and Writing).
Ask students to look at the box with four bullet points; In addition to asking students to explain the main
elicit or explain the meaning of any unfamiliar points of the text in their own words, these tasks
vocabulary (see General Teaching Techniques, below). move beyond the parameters of the reading passage
Ask students to work in pairs or small groups and find itself, and involve students expressing a personal,
the page number(s) for each item. Point out that they do imaginative response.
not have time to read in detail, but should use scanning
(glancing at each page to find a particular word in the Procedure
headings and captions) and skimming (‘reading’ a text Ask students to turn to p. 6 and look at the pictures and
rapidly to get a general idea of what it is about, without the title of the text.
thinking about the meaning of every word). Allow students ❑ Exercise 1
about 5 minutes to complete the task, and then invite Ask students to make suggestions about who they think
answers from pairs around the class. the man in the pictures is.Ask different students around
the class to answer each of the questions.
Ask students to look at the next four headings which
❑ Exercise 2
explain what they will do in this module. Finally, briefly
Ask students to read the title of the text and answer the
explain what the three Further Reading sections involve
question. Elicit or explain the meaning of the title. Ask
(see Elements of the coursebook for the rationale
different students around the class how they think the
behind these sections).
character is related to the text. Then ask all students to
read the text quickly to check if their guesses were
Unit 1.1 (Reading) correct.
Each Reading unit (Units 1, 3 and 5) follows this outline: ❑ Exercise 3
• Lead-in Now that students have some idea of what the text is
Students are asked to complete a number of pre- about, present the rubric and check that all students
reading tasks which get them thinking and talking understand what the exam-oriented task requires. Ask
about the topic, activate passive vocabulary and students around the class to read the Study Skills tip
exploit students’ existing knowledge. aloud. Elicit or explain the meaning of the terms used.
These tasks may involve describing and discussing Ask students to read the statement stems and choices.
photographs, expressing a personal opinion, (Since this is the first module, elicit or explain the
predicting the content of the reading passage, meaning of any unfamiliar vocabulary these contain; in
listening to the text to confirm predictions, and so on. later modules this degree of help may be reduced.) You
may also decide to complete the first item with the class
as an example, or at least to give them close guidance.

7
Ask students to identify which part of the text contains Unit 1.2 (Vocabulary & Grammar)
the answer (paragraph 1), read it carefully and then Each Vocabulary & Grammar unit (Units 2, 4 and 6) follows
check each choice. Elicit whether each choice is correct this outline:
or incorrect, and why (A & D – my interest was sparked by
a favourite professor ... He mentioned ‘Pinocchio Syndrome’ ❑ Vocabulary
to me; B – if you think someone is not being absolutely Students are asked to complete a number of
honest ... like my professor you should ... C – this little vocabulary-related tasks which develop vocabulary sets
example on non verbal communication inspired me to related to a theme or themes introduced in the
become a body language expert). Ask students to preceding unit.
complete the rest of the task, and remind them not to ❑ Grammar
worry about the meaning of a word or phrase unless it Students complete tasks based on one or two grammar
is directly related to the answer. Check students’ points, which are fully presented and explained in the
answers, and discuss each of the answers in the way Grammar Reference appendix (see Elements of the
described above for the first item. Coursebook).
❑ Exercise 4 ❑ Exam-based practice
Ask students to match the words to their definitions; The grammar and/or vocabulary exercises include one
you may prefer them to do the exercise in pairs or small or more tasks of a type found in the RNE, or which
groups. Advise them to begin with the words and practise a skill or sub-skill necessary to the successful
phrases they understand or feel confident of deducing completion of a particular RNE task type.
from the context, and then to use a process of ❑ Extension & skills integration
elimination to find the remaining answers. Check their Students practise the relevant vocabulary and grammar
answers. In their pairs or groups, students should then items in the context of at least one skills-related task
explain the underlined words/phrases from the text. (Listening, Speaking, Writing) and/or a segment entitled
This can be done from the context or by using an Everyday English, which focuses on colloquial
English to English dictionary expressions related to a particular function.
❑ Exercise 5 Procedure
Ask students to complete the exercise by scanning the Ask students to turn to p. 8.
text to find the relevant words or phrases. Check their ❑ Exercise 1
answers, and then elicit or explain the meaning of each Read out the phrase ‘wrinkled forehead’ and make the
phrase. Finally, ask students to make sentences using the expression yourself to illustrate meaning. Elicit the
phrases (you may decide to assign this as written difference between ‘red face’ and ‘blushing’ (it depends
homework to be handed in or checked at the start of on how the person is feeling). Ask different students to
the next lesson). read out the phrases and to do or mime the action.
❑ Exercise 6 Ask students to discuss how each person is feeling in
Read out the rubric and suggest that students mark the closed pairs. Check the answers with the class.
sections of the text that indicate how the writer feels ❑ Exercise 2
about his job. Play the recording. Then ask students to Elicit or explain the meaning of any unfamiliar words in
discuss their answers in pairs or groups. Confirm the the list. Ask students to complete the sentences, and
answers with the class. then to check their answers in pairs. Confirm the
Students then discuss in pairs why they would or would correct answers with the class.
not choose to do this kind of job.Ask different students ❑ Exercise 3
around the class to give their answers. Ask students to complete as much of the task as they
❑ Exercise 7 can, in pairs or small groups. Check students’ answers
Project around the class, and then elicit or explain the meaning
Present the task and elicit suggestions as to what of any unfamiliar vocabulary. Ask students to use their
gestures are used to express each emotion listed and dictionaries if necessary. Help students to explain how
any other emotions. Elicit suggestions of where the incorrect words in each sentence may be used
information can be found (e.g. the internet). correctly, and to form correct sentences using these
When you feel sure that students can cope with the words. Finally, elicit how the sentences would be
task, assign it as homework to be completed before a expressed in Russian.
fixed deadline which you feel is reasonable (e.g. by the ❑ Exercise 4
next lesson, in one week, etc). Ask students to look up the words in their dictionaries,
and then to close their dictionaries and demonstrate
the meaning of each word to their partner in closed
pairs. Check students’ answers.

8
❑ Exercise 5 ❑ Exercise 4
Explain the exam-oriented task and point out that the Present the rubric and check that all students
four answer choices for each gap are often very similar understand what the exam-oriented task requires. Ask
in meaning, but that only one agrees with the grammar students around the class to read the Study Skills tip
and/or meaning of the sentence. Ask students to read aloud. Elicit or explain the meaning of the terms used.
the text and complete the task, and then to check their Ask students to read the text through once for gist (the
answers in pairs. Check the answers with the class and general meaning). You may decide to complete the first
then elicit or explain the meaning of any unfamiliar item with the class as an example. Ask students to
vocabulary. complete the rest of the task, and remind them not to
❑ Exercise 6 worry about the meaning of a word or phrase unless it
Ask students to read the grammar presentation on is directly related to the answer. When the students
p.161 and invite students to ask for clarification of have finished the task, ask them to compare answers in
anything they are unsure about. pairs, giving reasons for their choices. Check that all
Read the rubric for ex. 6 (p. 9) and ask students to students now have the correct answers, and that they
complete the task. Check the answers with the class. understand the reason(s) why each is correct.
You may like to extend the exercise by encouraging ❑ Exercise 5
discussion about the ideas expressed in the sentences in Elicit the meaning of the words in bold. Ask students to
pairs, groups or the whole class. use the words in sentences of their own. (You may
❑ Exercise 7 decide to assign this as written homework to be handed
Ask students to complete the task individually. Move in or checked at the start of the next lesson.)
around the class helping with vocabulary as necessary. ❑ Exercise 6
Finally, ask students to compare their sentences in Ask students to complete the exercise by scanning the
closed pairs, correcting each other’s sentences if text to find the relevant words or phrases. Check their
necessary. Check students answers. answers, and then elicit or explain the meaning of each
❑ Exercise 8 phrase. Finally ask students to make sentences using the
Present the task and emphasise that a) the word in bold phrases. (You may decide to assign this as written
may not be changed in any way, and b) students must homework to be handed in or checked at the start of
not use more than five words in each gap. Complete the the next lesson.)
first item with the class, as an example. Ask students to ❑ Exercise 7
complete the rest of the task, and then to check their Read out the rubric. Play the recording for students to
answers in pairs. Check the answers with the class. listen to as they read the text again. Ask students to
mark where, in the text, the writer gives reasons for the
Unit 1.3 (Reading) popularity of such events. Then ask students to discuss
Procedure their answers in closed pairs. Finally ask students to
Ask students to turn to p. 10 and look at the pictures present their findings to the class.
and the title of the text. Elicit or explain the meaning of ❑ Exercise 8
any unfamiliar vocabulary in the title. Read out the sentence and ask students to spend three
❑ Exercise 1 minutes writing a few sentences on the topic. After
Ask students to look at the pictures again and think three minutes ask the students to stop writing.Ask each
how they are related. Ask students to ask and answer student to read out their sentences to the class. Make
the questions in closed pairs. notes of any errors and when the student has finished
❑ Exercise 2 speaking these can be presented to the student for self
correction. Ask the class to help with the corrections if
Ask the students to ask and answer the questions in
necessary.
closed pairs or groups. Play the recording for students
Finally ask the students to translate the first three
to listen. Check the answers with the class.
paragraphs of the text into Russian. (You may decide to
❑ Exercise 3
assign this as written homework to be handed in or
Read out the quote.Ask students to discuss the meaning
checked at the start of the next lesson.)
in closed pairs.Then put closed pairs into small groups to
❑ Exercise 9
exchange their ideas. Move around the class monitoring
Read out the rubric and invite suggestions from students
the discussions and correcting or assisting students.
around the class about how to begin and end an email
and the types of sentences to include. When you feel
sure that students can cope with the task, assign it as
written homework to be handed in or checked at the
start of the next lesson.

9
Unit 1.4 (Vocabulary & Grammar) Complete the first item with the class as an example.
Procedure Ask students to complete the rest of the task. Check
Ask students to turn to p. 12. the answers with the class.
❑ Exercise 1 As an optional extension exercise, elicit word families
based on the given word. e.g. universe (n), universal (adj),
Ask students to choose the correct word to complete
universally (adv)
each sentence. Check the answers with the class, and
then elicit or explain the meaning of any words which
the students still don’t understand. Unit 1.5 (Reading)
❑ Exercise 2 Procedure
Ask students to complete the task. Remind them to Ask students to turn to p. 14 and look at the pictures.
consider if the verb is regular or irregular and use the Elicit that they each show a different kind of entertainer.
correct form of the verb for the context i.e. to use the ❑ Exercise 1
correct tense, the infinitive, a participle, etc. Ask students to read the title on p. 14 and in groups to
Check the answers with the class. ask and answer the questions. Move around the class
❑ Exercise 3 and monitor the activity.
Ask students to complete as much of the task as they ❑ Exercise 2
can, in pairs or small groups. Check students’ answers Ask students to ask and answer the questions in closed
around the class, and then elicit or explain the meaning pairs. Ask different students around the class for their
of any unfamiliar vocabulary. ideas.
Optional extension: Ask students to explain how the ❑ Exercise 3
incorrect words in each sentence may be used correctly, Read out the rubric and check that students understand
and to form correct sentences using these words. the meaning of the words mime, ballet and concert.
Students can use their dictionaries if necessary. Play the recording for students to listen and match the
Finally ask the students to translate the sentences into speakers to the performance. Check answers with the
Russian (this could be done as a homework task if you class.
prefer). ❑ Exercise 4
❑ Exercise 4 Present the rubric and check that all students
Ask students to complete the sentences, and then to understand what the exam-oriented task requires. Read
check their answers in pairs. Confirm the correct out the list of headings and elicit or explain the meaning
answers with the class. Then ask the students to make of any unfamiliar vocabulary. Ask students to read the
sentences using the incorrect words. texts through once for gist.You may decide to complete
❑ Exercise 5 the first item with the class as an example.Ask students
Ask the students to complete the sentences, and then to complete the rest of the task, and remind them not
to check their answers in pairs. Confirm the correct to worry about the meaning of a word or phrase unless
answers with the class. it is directly related to the answer. When the students
❑ Exercise 6 have finished the task, ask them to compare answers in
Ask students to match the places of entertainment to pairs. Check that all students now have the correct
the activities. Elicit the answer to number 1 as an answers, and that they understand the reason(s) why
example then ask the students to complete the rest. each is correct.
Check the answers with the class. ❑ Exercise 5
Then ask students to make sentences using their own Ask students to complete the exercise by scanning the
ideas. Read out the example and then move around the text to find the relevant words or phrases. Check their
class helping with any vocabulary and checking their answers, and then elicit or explain the meaning of each
answers. phrase. Finally, ask students to make sentences using the
❑ Exercise 7 phrases. (You may decide to assign this as written
Present the task and help open pairs of students to homework to be handed in or checked at the start of
complete the first few exchanges.Ask students to repeat the next lesson.)
the whole task in closed pairs. ❑ Exercise 6
❑ Exercise 8 Ask students to read the definitions and then complete
Ask an open pair to present the joke by reading the the exercise by scanning the text to find the relevant
dialogue.Ask closed pairs to discuss why they think Sally words or phrase.
cried. Check answers with the class. As an optional extension to the exercise or as
❑ Exercise 9 homework activity, ask students to write sentences of
Present the rubric and check that all students their own using the words.
understand what the exam-oriented task requires. Ask
students around the class to read the Study Skills tip
aloud. Elicit or explain the meaning of the terms used.
10
❑ Exercise 7 ❑ Exercise 7
Read out the rubric. Play the recording for students to Ask students to check the grammar presentation on
listen to as they read the extracts again.Ask the class to pp. 162-163 about clauses of result, purpose and reason
do the task in closed pairs. Move around the class to and invite students to ask for clarification of anything
monitor the pair-work activity, correcting and/or they are unsure about. Then ask students to complete
providing help with vocabulary where necessary. exercise 7 (p.17).
Ask students to translate extracts 3 and 5 into Russian ❑ Exercise 8
(you may decide to assign this as written homework to a) Ask students to read the dialogue. Elicit how speaker
be checked at the beginning of the next lesson). B feels (e.g. disappointed, depressed, distressed).
❑ Exercise 8 b) Present the task and help open pairs of students to
Read out the rubric and then give students three act out the first few exchanges. Ask students to
minutes to write. Then ask the students to read their complete all five exchanges in closed pairs. Go round
piece of writing to their partner. Ask students to check the class monitoring the pair-work and helping with
their partners’ writing to see if they can spot any pronunciation or corrections.
mistakes. Check students’ answers. ❑ Exercise 9
Present the task and check that all students understand
Unit 1.6 (Vocabulary & Grammar) what the exam-oriented task requires. Students can
Procedure look again at the Study Skills tip on p. 13 if necessary.
Ask students to turn to p. 16. Ask students to complete the task individually. Check
❑ Exercise 1 the answers with the class.
Ask students to choose the correct word to complete As an optional extension exercise, elicit word families
each sentence, and then to check their answers by using based on the given word e.g. attract (v), attractive (adj),
their dictionaries. Check the answers with the class, and attractively (adv), attraction (n), unattractive (adj).
then elicit or explain the meaning of any words the ❑ Exercise 10
students still don’t understand. Ask students to complete the task. Explain to students
❑ Exercise 2 that this task requires their personal input and they
a) Present the task and elicit the answer to the first should make sentences that are true for them.
item as an example. Ask students to complete the Ask students, in closed pairs, to consider how the
task and remind them to add three more pairs to the sentences in (b) differ from those in (a). Go around the
list. Check answers with the class and ask students to class and check answers.
read out their pairs of opposites.
b) Read out the rubric and ask students to complete Unit 1.7 (Listening Skills)
the task. Check answers with the class. The Listening Skills units in each module contain a ‘mock
❑ Exercise 3 exam’ of the RNE Listening paper, presenting the three
Read out the rubric and ask an open pair of students to tasks in order. Study skills tips are included, each of which
provide an example.Ask students to continue the task in outline various skills, strategies and techniques appropriate
closed pairs. Move around the class to monitor the pair- to one of the tasks.
work. After students have completed the task, their answers are
❑ Exercise 4 checked and the task is analysed and discussed.
Ask students in closed pairs to complete the task. Move Procedure
around the class and monitor the activity. Check Ask students to turn to p. 18.
answers with the class. Finally ask students to read the ❑ Exercise 1
questions (1-3) and decide with their partner which
Ask students around the class to read aloud the Study
idiom would be appropriate in each situation. Check
Skills tip: Listening for the specific information.
answers with the class.
Read the rubric and ask the students to read the
❑ Exercise 5
statements and underline the key words. Play the
Ask students to complete the task and then to check recording for students to listen and choose their
their answers in Appendix ll. Check the answers with answers. Give students time to read through the options
the class. Elicit corrected sentences from students who again and consider their answers. Play the recording
don’t agree with the sentences. again for students to listen to and confirm why the
❑ Exercise 6 other options aren’t correct. Check answers around the
Ask students to complete the task and then to check class and help students to explain why each option is
their answers in Appendix l. correct or incorrect.
Check the answers with the class.Then ask students to ❑ Exercise 2
make sentences using the other particle. Check Present the rubric and explain that each statement is a
students’ answers around the class. paraphrase of what the speaker says, so students should

11
not listen for the exact words used in the statement, but Then ask students to look at p. 21. Repeat the above
for key words and phrases which give this meaning. Ask procedure for Task 1, with the students in reverse roles.
students to read the statements and elicit or explain the (Student B will now give a talk and Student A will ask
meaning of any unfamiliar vocabulary. Play the recording questions).
for students to listen to and choose their answers. Allow
Task 2
students to discuss their answers briefly in closed pairs,
then play the recording again for students to confirm their Procedure
choices. Discuss students’ answers and help them to Ask all students to turn to p. 20.
explain which key words and phrases provided the answer. Read the rubric and bring students attention to the words
❑ Exercise 3 ‘Remember to:’ at the bottom of the page (these points
Ask students to read the statement stems and choices, appear in every Speaking Skills unit throughout the book as a
and to underline the key words. (Since this is the first reminder to the students).Then read the Useful phrases.
module, elicit or explain the meaning of any unfamiliar Ask the students to work in pairs and explain that
vocabulary; in later modules this degree of help may be Student A is to be the candidate and Student B will play
reduced.) the part of the examiner.
Play the recording once for students to listen and Give Student B a copy of Interlocutor Card 1 and
choose as many answers as they can. Allow them a explain that in the exam the candidate will not see
minute or two to look carefully at the items they feel this – the examiner will play the part of the friend and
unsure about. Play the recording again for them to listen will have the interlocutor card in order to prompt the
and decide on their final answers. Check answers student and try to elicit appropriate language.There are
around the class, and help students to explain why each positive and negative points on the interlocutor card for
option is correct or incorrect. the examiner to select from, depending on what the
candidate says.
Unit 1.8 (Speaking Skills) Give students 3-4 minutes for Task 2 and go around the
class and listen.You may then wish to choose a strong pair
The Speaking Skills units contain two ‘mock exam’ versions and ask them to repeat the task in front of the class.
of the RNE Speaking test, each test presents the two tasks in In later units you may wish to have an open pair do the
order. In the actual exam the student will be alone with the task for the other students in the class to observe
examiner. In this book you will see that in each module one rather than having all students undertake the task.
‘mock exam’ is entitled Student A and the other entitled On completion of the task collect the interlocutor cards.
Student B.This is to enable pair work in which one of the
students is the candidate and the other student is the
examiner. However you may wish to have all students Tell the students that they are going to listen to
prepare all tasks for practice purposes. a model answer, then read out the questions.
Procedure Play the recording for students to listen and answer the
Ask all students to turn to p. 20. questions. Elicit the answers from the class. Then play
the recording again for students to listen and assess the
Task 1 recorded speaker’s performance.
Read out the rubric for Task 1 and the Useful phrases. Finally ask students to look at p. 21. Repeat the above
Elicit some ideas on the four discussion points from the procedure for Task 2, with the students in reverse roles.
class. Ask students to work in pairs (A and B) and (Student B will now be the candidate and Student A will
explain that Student A is to be the candidate and be given Interlocutor card 2).
Student B will play the part of the examiner. Tell the
students that Student A will give their talk for 1.5-2
minutes and when they have finished Student B will ask Unit 1.9 (Writing Skills)
the questions listed on p. 20.Allow students a minute to The first Writing Skills unit in each module begins with a
think about what to say and ask all Student A’s to begin presentation in overview form of the theory relevant to a
their talk. Go around the class and monitor the pair- particular type of writing.
work. Choose a strong pair and ask them to repeat the The units present a variety of writing techniques, including stylistic
task in front of the class. and structural devices and both analyses and practises these.
All activities lead the students to a final formal writing task,
Tell the students that they are going to listen to which follows a clear plan and is based on the model text
a model answer and read out the question. provided.
Procedure
Play the recording for students and answer the question.
(Note that you may decide to ask students to read the
Elicit the answer from the class.Then play the recording
introductory material on p. 22 as homework in preparation
again for students to listen and assess the recorded
for the lesson.)
speaker’s performance.
Ask students to turn to p. 22.
12
Present the information boxes and clarify any points ❑ Exercise 6
which students feel they don’t fully understand. This task can be assigned for homework to be handed in
Emphasise that students should use this page as at the start of the next lesson.
reference when writing letters/emails for tasks in
subsequent units, the Workbook, etc. Unit 1.11
• Style in informal and formal letters/emails • Letters/Emails inviting/accepting – refusing
❑ Exercise 1 invitations
Read the rubric and ask students to complete the task. Procedure
Check the answers with the class and elicit reasons for Ask students to turn to p. 26 and ask different students
the answers. to read the information boxes aloud.
• Beginnings and endings of letters/emails ❑ Exercise 1
❑ Exercise 2 Ask students to complete the task. Check the answers
Present the task.Ask students to read the beginnings and with the class.
endings, and to match them in pairs. Check students’ ❑ Exercise 2
answers and elicit whether each pair is formal or informal. a) Ask students to read the email and decide what type
Elicit which style elements have been used and then elicit of email it is. Check the answer with the class.
or explain the meaning of any unfamiliar vocabulary. b) Ask students to complete the task and compare their
❑ Exercise 3 answers in closed pairs. Check students answers.
Present the task and elicit or explain the meaning of any ❑ Exercise 3
unfamiliar vocabulary.Ask students to complete the task Ask students to complete the task by underlining (in
in pairs, and remind them to look at the relevant pencil) the language items used to accept the invitation.
information on p. 22 if they are unsure of any point. Check students’ answers.
Check students’ answers. • Letters/Emails asking for/giving advice
Procedure
Unit 1.10
Ask students to look at p. 27. Present the Information
• Rubric Analysis boxes on Letters/Emails asking for/giving advice and the
Procedure Useful language.
Ask students to turn to p. 22 and briefly revise the ❑ Exercise 4
information on Informal letters/emails. Read the task instructions and ask students to complete
Ask students to turn to p. 24 and present the information the task. Check the answers with the class.
box for Rubric analysis. ❑ Exercise 5
❑ Exercise 1 Ask students to read the model and identify which rubric
Read the task instructions and ask the students to in Ex. 4 it answers. Check the answer with the class.
complete the task and compare their answers in closed ❑ Exercise 6
pairs. Check the answers with the class. a) Ask students to read the model again and replace
❑ Exercise 2 the words in bold with phrases from the Useful
Read the rubric and ask students in closed pairs to language box, then to compare their answers in
complete the task. Check the answers with the class. groups. Go round the class and monitor the activity.
• Informal letters/emails Check students answers.
❑ Exercise 3 b) Ask the students to complete the table by making a
Ask students to look at p. 25. Get different students to list of Ricky’s advice on the left and the expected
read the information in the boxes aloud. result for that advice on the right of the table. Check
Read the rubric for ex. 3 and elicit the answer for question the answer with the class.
1 to provide an example. Ask students to complete the ❑ Exercise 7
rest of the task. Check the answers with the class. Ask students to write a letter of advice for rubric A
❑ Exercise 4 (Ex. 4). This can be set as a timed exercise in class (20
Read the task instructions and ask the class to look at minutes – as for an exam task 1) or to be done as
rubric A. Elicit points that the main paragraphs will include. homework and handed in at the start of the next lesson.
Ask students to look at the other two rubrics and note
down their ideas and then compare in closed groups. Unit 1.12 (Across Cultures)
Check students’ answers. Each Across Cultures unit follows this outline:
❑ Exercise 5 • Lead-in
Read the task instructions and ask the students to Students are asked to complete a number of pre-
complete the task in closed pairs. Go round the class reading tasks which get them thinking and talking
and monitor the pair work. about the topic, activate passive vocabulary and

13
exploit students’ existing knowledge. ❑ Exercise 5
These tasks may involve describing and discussing Present the task and provide examples of derivatives –
photographs, expressing a personal opinion, e.g. hope/hopeful(ly). Ask students to read the text and
predicting the content of the texts, and so on. elicit the topic (what has influenced the English language).
• Main task Ask students to look at each gap and elicit which gap
Students then complete one or two tasks reflecting requires a noun (1,2, 5 & 6) and which of these must be in
task types in the Russian National Exam, or which the plural (2 & 5) and then elicit what part of speech is
practise a skill or sub-skill necessary for the successful required in the other gaps (3 – adjective, 4 – adverb).Ask
completion of a particular RNE task type. students to complete the gaps correctly, and then check
After students have completed the task, their answers the answers with the class.Write the correct answers on
are checked and the task is analysed and discussed. the board.
• Exploiting the texts Optional extension exercise: ask students to make
Students complete a comprehension task based on the other derivatives from the word e.g. flexible (adj),
texts, to practise reading or listening for specific flexibility (n), inflexible (adj).
information, and then complete one or two tasks ❑ Exercise 6
involving vocabulary items which have been presented Ask students to match the words to their definitions;
in context in the passage. These tasks include you may prefer them to do the exercise in pairs or small
explaining the meaning of certain words, matching groups. Check their answers.
words to their definitions and completing collocations. ❑ Exercise 7
• Personalisation, extension & skills integration Ask different students around the class to read the task
Students complete one or two open-ended tasks which instructions and questions aloud. Play the recording for
provide practice in at least two of the three other skills students to listen as they read the texts again.
(Listening, Speaking and Writing), and involve students Then ask the students to discuss the questions in closed
expressing a personal, imaginative response. pairs. Move around the class monitoring the activity.
The unit concludes with a project which requires When you feel the students have discussed all the
students to conduct research on the Internet and questions, ask each pair to present one of their ideas
prepare a class presentation. briefly to the class.
Procedure ❑ Exercise 8
Ask students to keep their books closed. Write the Read the rubric and ask students to complete the task.
words ‘accent’ and ‘dialect’ on the board and elicit the Check the answers with the class.
difference between the two. ❑ Exercise 9
Then ask students to open their books at p. 28. Ask students to write down as many reasons for the
❑ Exercise 1 importance of language learning as they can think of.
Ask the students to complete the dictionary definitions. Allow students 5 minutes for this task and then ask them
Confirm the answer with the class. to explain their reasons to a partner in closed pairs.You
❑ Exercise 2 may wish to elicit reasons from different students around
Read the rubric and ask the students to read the the class, writing their reasons on the board.
sentences. Play the recording for students to listen and ❑ Project
choose their answers. Check answers with the class and Present the task, ensure that all students have arranged
then play the recording again, pausing as necessary to suitable pairs or groups, and elicit suggestions of where
confirm the answers. the information can be found (e.g. the Internet).
❑ Exercise 3 When you feel sure that students can cope with the
Explain the exam-oriented task and point out that the task, assign it as homework to be completed before a
four answer choices for each gap are often very similar in fixed deadline which you feel is reasonable (e.g. by the
meaning, but that only one agrees with the grammar and / next lesson, in one week, etc).
or meaning of the sentence. Ask students to read the text
and complete the task, and then to check their answers in Unit 1.13 (Literature)
pairs. Check the answers with the class and then elicit or Each Literature unit follows this outline:
explain the meaning of any unfamiliar vocabulary. • Lead-in
❑ Exercise 4 Students are asked to read a short biography of the
Ask students to match the words to their meanings; you author, and then to complete a pre-reading task,
may prefer them to do the exercise in pairs or small which may involve predicting the content of the text,
groups. Check their answers. ordering events in the story, and so on.
• Main reading task
Students then complete a reading task. After
students have completed the task, their answers are
checked and the task is analysed and discussed.
14
• Exploiting the texts Discourage students from reading out sections of the
Students complete a number of tasks involving text.You may wish to suggest to stronger students that
vocabulary items which have been presented in they try to tell the story with their book closed.
context in the passage.These tasks include explaining ❑ Exercise 8
the meaning of certain words, matching words to Read out the rubric.Ask students to ask and answer the
their definitions and completing collocations. questions in closed pairs. Move around the class
• Personalisation, extension & skills integration monitoring the activity.
Students complete one or two open-ended tasks which When you feel sure that students can cope with the task
provide practice in at least two of the three other skills ask students to write their letter. This can be done as a
(Listening, Speaking and Writing), and involve students timed exercise in class (20-25 minutes) or assigned for
expressing a personal, imaginative response. homework to be handed in at the start of the next lesson.
Procedure
Ask students to turn to p. 30 and look at the title of the Unit 1.14 (Curricular Cut)
book and the author’s name. Elicit whether students Modules 1, 2, 3 & 5 feature a unit called Curricular Cut.
have heard of the book and/or author, and if so, what Each of these units contains a text related to a particular
they know. part of the school curriculum. Module 4 features a unit
❑ Exercise 1 called Green Issues which contains a text related to an
Read out the rubric and ask students to complete the environmental issue. All of these units follow approximately
task in closed pairs. Check the answer with the class the same outline.
❑ Exercise 2 • Lead-in
Ask different students to read the rubric aloud. Students are asked to complete one or two pre-
Ask students to read lines 1-22 of the text and discuss reading tasks, which may involve discussing what
the questions in small groups. Move around the class students know about the topic, predicting the
monitoring their discussions. content of the text, and so on.
Then ask the students to read the rest of the text and • Main task
check if their ideas are mentioned. Students then complete a Grammar and Vocabulary
Finally ask the students to translate lines 1-22 into task reflecting one of the task types in the Russian
Russian and compare their translations with the other National Exam. After students have completed the
students in their group. You may wish to set the task, their answers are checked and the task is
translation for homework to be handed in at the start of analysed and discussed.
the next lesson. • Exploiting the texts
❑ Exercise 3 In most of the units, students complete a task
Ask students to look again at the Study Skills tip on p. 7 involving vocabulary items from the passage, matching
before beginning the task. Ask students to read the text words to their definitions or synonyms.
again and complete the task, following the procedure • Personalisation, extension & skills integration
recommended in the Study Skills box. Check all Students complete one or two tasks which provide
students’ answers. practice in at least two of the three other skills
❑ Exercise 4 (Listening, Speaking and Writing), and involve
Ask the students to read the statements and then read students expressing a personal response.
through the text again to determine if the statements These units usually conclude with a project which
are true or false. Check the answers with the class. requires students to conduct research on the Internet
❑ Exercise 5 and prepare a written article or a class presentation.
Read out the rubric and ask students to scan the text
and find the verbs listed. Each time students find a verb Procedure
they should look to see if it has been used with one of Ask students to turn to p. 32 and look at the title of the
the adverbs or prepositions listed.Ask students to write text. Elicit or explain what it means.
the phrase from the text in their notebooks. ❑ Exercise 1
❑ Exercise 6 Ask students to look at the pictures. Elicit answers to
Ask students to write the animal names in their the question in the rubric.
notebooks and then close their course-books. Read the ❑ Exercise 2
rubric and play the recording for students to listen. Ask students to read the text quickly, and then elicit the
Ask students to open their books and check their main point of each paragraph.Ask students to complete
answers in the text. the gaps, and then to compare their answers in pairs.
❑ Exercise 7 Ask students to justify the correct choice in each case.
Ask students to take turns to tell the story briefly in Confirm that all students now have the correct answers.
closed pairs. Go round the class to monitor the pair-
work and assist with corrections or suggestions.
15
❑ Exercise 3 Procedure
Read the rubric and play the recording. Ask students to You may ask students to complete the tasks (except
complete the task in closed pairs. Go around the class Listening and Speaking) as self assessment, in which case
and monitor the pair-work activity. some or all of them can be assigned as homework; if you
Finally, ask different students to tell the rest of the class prefer to use the test as a measure of objective
one thing they found interesting and why. assessment, it can be conducted in class under test
❑ Project conditions during the course of two or more lessons.
Present the task and ensure that students understand The Listening and Speaking parts will naturally be
where the information can be found. If necessary, conducted in class.
conduct a class discussion on how to research and In either case, students should be encouraged to adhere
collect information, select and reorganise material and to ‘test conditions’: that is, they should aim to complete
so on. When you feel sure that students can cope with each task within a time limit you have set for it, and they
the task, assign it as homework to be completed before should attempt each task without referring to a dictionary
a fixed deadline which you feel is reasonable (e.g. by the or asking for help from a parent, friend or classmate.
next lesson, in one week, etc). Remind students that exam strategies and techniques are,
like all learning, best acquired by regular practice.
Progress Check
You may mark each student’s answers yourself, or ask
Each module ends with a short test designed to help students to exchange papers and mark their partner’s
students monitor their own progress, as well as to reinforce answers as you elicit the correct answers from the class.
students’ understanding of the topics, vocabulary and It would be a good idea to look closely at each student’s
structures which have been presented in the module. The results, however, to ascertain individual progress and
students’ achievements in meeting the objectives of the areas of weakness.
module are clearly stated at the end of each section.
Each task should then be discussed in some detail with
the class. If several students had difficulty with certain
Procedure
items, the particular language point should be revised by
You may ask students to complete the Progress Check
referring to the relevant part of the coursebook. Finally,
as self assessment, in which case it can be assigned as
you should elicit or explain the meaning of any
homework to be handed in or checked at the start of
unfamiliar vocabulary in each of the tasks.
the next lesson; on the other hand, you may prefer to
use the test as a measure of objective assessment, in
which case it can be conducted in class under test General Teaching Techniques
conditions.
A – Presenting new vocabulary
In either case, ask students to look at the test before
completing it and ensure that they understand what Much of the new vocabulary in Starlight 11 is presented
they are expected to do in each task. through pictures, and students are asked to match the
pictures to listed words. Vocabulary is presented in
You may mark each student’s answers yourself, or ask context and emphasis is placed on collocations and
students to exchange papers and mark their partner’s word association, since memorising new words is easier
answers as you elicit the correct answers from the class. when they are presented in lexical sets.
Further techniques that you may use to introduce new
Focus on RNE vocabulary include:
Following the Progress Check in each module, is a three-page • Miming.
section containing a selection of exam-specific parts from all Mime the word to be introduced. For instance, to
five parts of the RNE. present sing, pretend you are singing and ask
In each module, this consists of: one Reading task; three tasks students to guess the meaning of the word.
headed Use of English, which practise each task type found • Synonyms, opposites, paraphrasing and giving definitions.
in RNE Grammar and Vocabulary; one or two Listening tasks; Examples:
and one task each from Speaking and Writing. – Present store by giving a synonym: A store is a shop.
– Present tall by giving its opposite: He isn’t short,
Although this appears at the end of the module, it is not he’s tall.
intended that students should necessarily complete the – Present weekend by paraphrasing it: I don’t work at
section only when they have finished the module itself. If used the weekend. I don’t work on Saturday and Sunday.
in this way, the section is a useful indicator of students’ – Present garage by giving a definition: A garage is
progress, but you may, for example, prefer your students to the place next to the house where we put our car.
complete the Reading task after finishing Unit 5, the
Grammar and Vocabulary tasks after Unit 6, and so on.

16
• Context. C – Synergy
Place vocabulary items in context, with examples • At the end of each lesson, ask students to review and
which make understanding easier and more consolidate what they have learnt in the lesson.
complete. For instance, introduce the words city and Allow students two to three minutes to look at the
town by referring to a city and a town in the relevant pages and their notes, then have them close
students’ own country: Moscow is a city, but Belgorod is their books. Ask them to think of ten words and (if
a town. appropriate) the grammar structures from the unit.
• Visual prompts. Students then find a partner and discuss what they
Show photographs or drawings to make understanding have learnt in the lesson.
easier. • If necessary, practise the task with a student to help
• Use of (bilingual/monolingual) dictionary. them understand how to deal with it.
Encourage students to guess the meaning of a word, • Go round the class and check students’ performance.
then use their dictionaries to check if their guess is Help where necessary.
correct.
• Sketching. D – Assigning homework
Draw a simple sketch on the board to illustrate the
word(s) to be explained. For instance: It is recommended that homework is regularly assigned
and routinely checked according to the specific needs of
the class.
tall When assigning writing tasks, prepare students as well
as possible in advance. This will help them avoid errors
short and get maximum benefit from the task.
Commonly assigned homework tasks include:
• Vocabulary. Students memorise the meaning of words
and phrases.
• Writing/Project. After thorough preparation in class,
students are asked to produce a complete piece of
• Use of L1.
writing.
In a monolingual class, vocabulary can be explained in
the students’ mother tongue, although this method
E – Correcting students’ work
should be used only in moderation.
Students also need to compare their mother tongue All learners make errors; it is part of the process of
to the English language to find similarities and/or learning. The way errors are dealt with depends on the
differences. activity.
The choice of technique depends on the type of word • Oral accuracy.
or expression. For example, it may be easier to describe In more mechanical oral activities, correct students
an action verb through miming, and not through a on the spot, either by providing the correct answer
synonym or definition. and asking them to repeat it, or by indicating the
error but allowing students to correct it.
B – Writing Alternatively, indicate the error and ask other
students to correct it.
All writing tasks in Starlight 11 have been carefully
• Oral fluency.
designed to guide students closely in producing a
In pairwork or free speaking activities, allow students
successful piece of writing.
to finish the task without interruption, but make a
• Always read the model text provided and deal in note of the errors made and correct them
detail with the tasks that follow. Students will then afterwards.
have acquired the language necessary to cope with • Written work.
the final writing task. Do not over-correct; focus on errors that are directly
• Make sure that students understand they are writing related to the point of the exercise. When giving
for a purpose. Go through the writing task in detail feedback you may write the most common errors on
so that students are fully aware of why they are the board and help the class to correct them.
writing and who they are writing to.
Remember that praising students and rewarding good
• Make sure that students follow the structured
work is of great importance. Post written work on a
outline they are provided with.
noticeboard in the classroom or school, or give ‘reward’
• It would be advisable to complete the task orally in
stickers. Praise effort as well as success.
class before assigning it as written homework.
Students will then feel more confident about
producing a complete piece of writing on their own.
17
F – Class organisation • Auditory Learners learn best through verbal
• Open pairs. explanations, discussions, talking things through and
The class focuses its attention on two students doing listening to what others have to say. Written
the assigned task together. Use this technique to information may have little meaning until it is heard.
provide an example of how the task should be done. They often benefit from reading a text aloud and
• Closed pairs. using a tape recorder.
Pairs of students work together on a task or activity, • Tactile/Kinaesthetic Learners learn best through a hands-
while the teacher moves around the classroom on approach, actively exploring the physical world
offering assistance and suggestions. Ensure the task is around them.They may find it hard to sit still for long
clearly understood before closed pairwork begins. periods and may become distracted by their need for
activity and exploration. These learners express
Stages in pairwork:
themselves through movement. They have a good
– Organise students into pairs
sense of balance and hand-eye co-ordination. By
– Set the task and time limit
interacting with the space around them, they are able
– Rehearse the task in open pairs
to remember and process information. Involve them
– Ask students to do the task in closed pairs
in role play, pairwork and other classroom activities.
– Go around the class and help students
– Pairs report back to the class.
• Groupwork.
Groups of three or more students work together on
a task or activity. Class projects or roleplay are often
most easily done in groups. Again, ensure students
clearly understand the task in advance.
• Brainstorming.
Students work in pairs, groups or as a whole class,
suggesting the items (words, facts etc according to
the particular task) which first come to mind, in any
order and as quickly as possible. The items are then
selected, ordered etc as the task requires.
• Rolling questions.
A student answers a question, then proceeds to ask
a question directed at the next student in turn. This
continues around the class.

Types of Learning Styles

Experienced teachers will be aware that some of their

students learn best by listening to new information,
some prefer to read about it, whereas other students
need to do something with the new information. There
is no absolute ‘best’ method of learning; these are all
valid learning styles, as different people learn in different
ways. Consequently, a coursebook should offer a variety
of exercises and material which stimulate all types of
learning styles in order to help the learners learn
according to their personal learning styles.
• Visual Learners need to see the teacher’s body
language and facial expressions to fully understand
the content of the lesson.They think in pictures and
learn best from visual displays, including diagrams,
illustrations, transparencies, videos, flashcards and
hand-outs.

18
Answer Section
MODULE 1 6 Looking at his crossed arms, I knew he was
furious.
Unit 1.1 7 Certain facial expressions reveal that you aren’t
Exercise 1 (p. 6) listening to what I’m saying.
The man in the picture is a famous Italian actor called 8 If someone comes too close to me I feel its an
Roberto Benigni. invasion of my personal space.
He is playing the character of Pinocchio from a popular 9 You shouldn’t worry about minor matters.
children’s story. Pinocchio was a puppet made of wood 10 I’m sure he won’t break his business deal.
that magically came to life. Every time he told a lie his
nose would grow longer. Exercise 6 (p. 7)
The writer is generally very happy with his job. He says
Exercise 2 (p. 6) that he has, ‘dedicated his life to studying,’ body
The title suggests that people communicate through language. It gives him,‘a great deal of satisfaction,’ and he
body language. When Pinocchio’s nose grew everyone believes he is,‘providing a public service’. However, there
knew he was telling a lie. So Pinocchio’s body language, is a, ‘downside,’ and it, ‘makes (his) life difficult at times.’
told the truth. I think the text will be about how our All in all, though, the problems are, ‘a small price to pay
body language shows people what we are really thinking for a job he enjoy(s) so much.’
or feeling. I wouldn’t choose to do this kind of job because I would
like to believe that most people tell the truth.
Exercise 4 (p. 7)
reliable – likely to be correct Unit 1.2
rushes – moves quickly Exercise 1 (p. 8)
basics – simplest ideas Ben has his hands on his hips and he is tapping his foot.
interpret – understand the meaning His face is red and his eyes are narrowed. His forehead
convince – make someone believe sth is true is wrinkled and he has clenched teeth. Ben is angry.
scratch – rub fingernails against the skin
involuntary sign – unconscious physical response Ryan has his head down. He has a downturned mouth
assume – suppose and his eyes are cast down. His arms are folded.
convincing – believable Ryan is sad.
concentrating on – focusing on
key – the deciding factor Phoebe’s eyelids are lowered and she is blushing. She is
claiming: saying sth is true giggling. Her feet are turned inwards and she is clasping
itchy: having an uncomfortable feeling on the skin which her hands. Phoebe is embarrassed.
makes you want to scratch
defensive: protective Beth’s eyes are wide open and her eyebrows are raised.
posture: a particular position in which sb stands or sits Her mouth is open and she has her hands raised.
speak volumes: convey a lot of information Beth is shocked.
movements: changes of position
breaking a business deal: causing a business deal to Exercise 4 (p. 8)
fail 1 glance 2 wink
downside: a disadvantage
put their guard up: become reserved Exercise 7 (p. 9)
attempt: an effort 1 I think the best actor in the world is Al Pacino.
2 The funniest person I know is my brother, Harry.
Exercise 5 (p. 7) 3 The most tiring job is being a builder.
1 Non-verbal communication helps you decide if 4 The most expensive restaurant in my town is called
somebody is lying. La Scala.
2 Body language experts understand all the signs 5 The coldest place in my country is Oymyakon in
somebody uses while talking. Siberia.
3 It took him a lot of hard work to build his 6 The most difficult language in the world is Chinese.
reputation as a good doctor. 7 The windiest place in my country is Kandalaksha.
4 We all possess powers of persuasion.
5 Learning about posture and body language really
helped me to improve my confidence.
19
Answer Section

Unit 1.3 I need to improve my grades if I don’t want to

Exercise 1 (p. 10) disappoint my parents.
We swapped phone numbers with the people we met
The main picture is of a group of musicians playing at an
on holiday.
open-air concert.The smaller picture is of people sitting
I don’t want to dampen her spirits by telling her the
in a field watching something. The two pictures are
concert has been cancelled.
related because the people in the field are probably the
There were a multitude of problems the government
audience at the concert.
needed to solve.
People enjoy events like this because they feel they are His reaction to her comments was unmistakably
coming together to share something. Festivals like these hostile.
usually take place in the summer and people like to get There can be many barriers to learning a language.
out and enjoy the good weather. As they pulled up the anchor, the boat slowly drifted
away.
Exercise 2 (p. 10)
I like dance music because I like to escape from my Exercise 6 (p. 10)
problems and when I’m dancing, the only thing I’m 1 Radiohead were the main attraction at the
thinking about is the music and how it makes me feel. festival.
2 You can buy hand-crafted goods at the market.
Exercise 3 (p. 10) 3 We can broaden our horizons by listening to
A: It probably means that music says everything you music from different cultures.
want to say in the shortest time possible.You don’t 4 Musicians at the festival swap stories about life on
need to go into long explanations and I would agree the road.
with that. 5 People in wellies is a common sight at a music
B: Yes, but it mentions emotions, so I think it means festival.
that music says things we can’t put into words and 6 Music can break down language barriers.
expresses things better than words. I would 7 After the concert, we were all in high spirits.
definitely agree with the quotation. 8 If you get the chance to go to a WOMAD festival,
you should go.
Exercise 5 (p. 10)
Exercise 7 (p. 11)
pours: flows quickly
horizons: limits of what someone knows or is The reasons that the writer gives for the popularity of
interested in events like the WOMAD festival are:
unique: one of a kind, not repeated – that music is a universal language and brings people
talented: with lots of natural ability together
motivation: reason for doing sth – activities designed for children
brotherhood: friendship between men – workshops
sisterhood: friendship and support between women – multi-media exhibits
improve: get/make better – stalls selling all kinds of hand-crafted goods
swap: exchange
multitude: large number of people or things Exercise 8 (p. 11)
unmistakably: obviously I do not think music alone can create peace in the
barriers: obstacles which prevent understanding world, but I do believe that it has the power to bring
drifts away: leaves slowly people together despite their differences. Music can be
seen as an international language, which many people
If it pours with rain again like it did yesterday we will from different countries in the world understand.There
get soaking wet. is so much fighting in the world over differences in the
Embracing other cultures helps to broaden our horizons. way we look, speak and behave. But people from
Our fingerprints are unique to us. different cultural backgrounds can share the enjoyment
My sister is very talented at playing the violin. of a particular style of music or band. In the last few
Wanting to help sick people was the motivation years we have seen many occasions when music has
behind my decision to become a doctor. helped to bring people together on issues such as the
There is a strong feeling of brotherhood amongst the environment and world hunger. Artists have supported
football team. peace demonstrations or even organised whole events
Women fighting for their rights have a sense of to promote peace and anti-war messages.
sisterhood.
20
Answer Section

Exercise 9 (p. 11) Exercise 8 (p. 13)

Hi Craig! Sally cried because she didn’t get to watch a film.
How are you? I’m having a great summer. I must tell
you about an interesting festival I went to last week. It’s Unit 1.5
called the WOMAD festival which means The World of
Exercise 1 (p. 14)
Music,Arts and Dance.
I went with my classmates, Ben and Charlotte. Ben The clown in the top picture, holding a bag, is Oleg
drove us in his car but we all pitched in for petrol.When Popov. My parents remember him from when they were
we got there, it was already packed with people. It was young. Clowns don’t speak, they mime. ‘Mime’ is one of
interesting to hear bands from all over the world play the words in the title.
their music. There were loads of stalls there selling
hand-crafted goods and I bought a colourful scarf. I wear The young man in the middle of the page is Dima Bilan.
it all the time now. He is one of my favourite singers – the title includes the
The weather wasn’t so great though. We had to word ‘music’.
cover our trainers with plastic bags to protect them
from all the mud. We looked silly, but so did everyone Exercise 2 (p. 14)
else, so it didn’t matter. Everyone still seemed to be Words are not the only way to communicate. People
having a good time.We’re planning to go again next year. who do not speak the same language communicate with
Maybe you could join us. each other using body language. To express feelings we
Anyway, must go. Keep in touch. often use facial expressions, changing the mouth to form
Sue a smile when we are pleased or a down turned mouth
when we are not pleased. We shake our heads to
Unit 1.4 indicate ‘no’ and nod our heads to indicate ‘yes’.
Exercise 4 (p. 12) Sometimes people mime actions such as moving the
arms as if running without actually moving the legs.
1 She left the room angrily, muttering under her
breath.
Exercise 5 (p. 14)
2 Stan whispered something in Jane’s ear, but she
could hardly hear him. 1 Micheal Jackson was a living legend throughout
3 She screamed in terror when she saw the huge his career.
spider. 2 JK Rowling has received many awards for her books.
4 If you get into trouble, yell at the top of your voice. 3 The sculpture of a giant spider has been called a
5 He breathed with difficulty because of his heavy modern masterpiece.
cold. 4 The gymnasts demonstrated remarkable skill in
the competition.
Exercise 6 (p. 13) 5 Madonna’s international career involves a lot of
travelling.
At a leisure centre you can play table tennis.
6 Many young singers would like to follow in her
At an amusement arcade you can meet your friends.
footsteps.
At a cinema you can eat popcorn.
7 Blending different styles of dance resulted in an
At a funfair you can visit the Haunted House.
innovative performance.
At a circus you can laugh at the clowns.
8 Over the years he built a reputation for being
At a rock concert you can dance to live music.
one of the best in his field.
At a youth club you can hang out with people your own
9 The beautiful music stirred powerful emotions in
age.
the audience.
10 Some of the greatest works of art are in Vatican City.
Exercise 7 (p. 13)
A: Would you like to go to the circus this weekend? Exercise 6 (p. 14)
B: Well, I’m not sure. hilarious – extremely funny
A: Where would you rather go, then? revolutionised – completely changed the way sth is done
B: I have two tickets for the Radiohead concert on controversy – dispute involving strong disagreement
Saturday night. Do you fancy going? guaranteed – ensured
A: Not really. I’d rather go to the circus than see that graceful – with smooth, elegant movements
band. I don’t really like their music. prestigious – respected and admired
genre – type of music, film, painting etc
compassion – feeling of sympathy for others
21
Answer Section

Exercise 7 (p. 15) 1 I’m on cloud nine!

I went to see a production by the Chelyabinsk 2 We’re all in high spirits and having lots of fun.
Contemporary Dance Theatre last night. It was 3 What was that? I nearly jumped out of my skin!
fascinating and one of the most innovative performances
I have ever seen. It was choreographed by Olga Pona. Exercise 6 (p. 16)
Basically it is a form of modern dance but she blends 1 The thieves ran off down the street with the
elements of folkdance and modern movement together police chasing them.
very cleverly. Sometimes there is music and even speech 2 We put our cousins on the train and saw them off
and at other times there is simply silence and on their journey home.
movement. I thoroughly recommend going, it is a unique 3 I am standing in for the boss today as she is ill.
experience. 4 I can put you up for the weekend.
5 I really need to take up a sport this year.
Exercise 8 (p. 15) 6 He cut up the newspaper and stuck the article in
It must be quite scary to perform in front of an an album.
audience. If I had to do this I would prepare extremely
carefully so that I felt confident. I would practice again Exercise 7 (p. 17)
and again to make sure that I knew exactly what to do. 2 They invited such a lot of people that there was
After the performance I think I would feel very relieved nowhere to sit.
and if the audience seemed to enjoy my performance, I 3 She has been practising every day so that she does
would feel very pleased and proud. well in the contest.
4 You should drive slowly in case the road is
Unit 1.6 slippery.
Exercise 2a (p. 16) 5 He asked his friend for a lift since he was late for
work.
cheerful – miserable
6 He didn’t comment on her new hairstyle so as not
broad-minded – narrow-minded
to upset her.
patient – impatient
7 They have closed the road due to a heavy snowfall.
8 He declined the invitation on the grounds that
Exercise 2b (p. 16)
he was working that weekend.
Dennis is doing very well this term. He is 1) polite to
his teachers and he is very 2) sociable with the other Exercise 8a (p. 17)
children. In fact, he is very 3) calm in his behaviour
He/She is upset after a long day and failing an exam.
towards everybody. He is very 4) hard-working in
class and this makes him very 5) popular.
Exercise 8b (p. 17)
Exercise 3 (p. 16) A: Is everything OK?
B: Actually, I’ve lost my handbag.
I think you are very generous because you share
A: Oh no!
everything with your friends.
I think you are optimistic as you always look on the
bright side of life. A: What’s wrong with you?
I think you are also an intelligent girl as you always do B: My computer broke down and I’ve been in a bad
well in tests and have a very good memory. mood all day.
A: I see.That’s too bad.
Exercise 4 (p. 16)
1 be on cloud nine: be extremely happy (positive) A: Are you alright?
2 be in high spirits: be extremely happy/enjoying B: No. The thing is I’ve had a tooth taken out and I
themselves (positive) don’t feel so good.
3 keep her chin up: be optimistic/remain cheerful A: Oh, dear.
(positive)
4 jumped out of his skin: was very surprised/ A: Are you upset?
shocked (negative) B: Yes, I am. I wanted to attend a rock concert but
there were no tickets left.
A: That’s a shame.

22
Answer Section

Exercise 10a (p. 17) interested in foreign travel than previous

1 My friend is not as sociable as me. generations because they can see places all over
2 My parents are kind and generous. the world on the TV and the Internet.They do not
3 My teachers are very helpful. need to travel to other places to appreciate them.
• When travelling abroad people experience other
Exercise 10b (p. 17) cultures and I think this makes them more tolerant
1 I love my friend because she always helps me no of the customs and traditions of other people
matter what the problem. because they have a greater understanding of them.
2 I appreciate my parents for all the sacrifices they • Tourism can be good for the environment if it
make for me. encourages visitors to contribute in some way to
3 I value my teachers as they teach me new skills. the improvement of the environment. This can be
financial or by providing volunteer services.
These sentences differ from those in Ex.10a because • Many foreign tourists visit our city because it has
these sentences provide a reason for the statement at famous tourist attractions.
the beginning. In Ex.10a the sentences are purely • I would prefer to travel at home because our
describing the person’s character, in these sentences country has many beautiful and interesting places
they tell us about what the person does. to discover.

Unit 1.8 The speaker says foreign travel can be educational if the
traveller is interested in learning about the place they
Student A – Task 1 (p. 20) are visiting.
(See Tapescripts section – Unit 1.8 Speaking Task 1 p. 20)
Task 2 (p. 53)
Questions for Student B – Task 1 (p. 20) (See Tapescripts section – Unit 1.8 Speaking Task 2 p. 21)
• I don’t think public transport is too expensive in my
country. As a student I pay special reduced prices The speakers decide on the reunion party because all
which makes it even cheaper. the people will be able to tell each other stories about
• It would help pollution levels a lot if private the past at the school.
transport was banned from city centres. Unit 1.9
• We have a good public transport system with
buses, trams and a train service. Exercise 1 (p. 23)
• The public transport system in our area could be 1 answering a complaint (complex sentence structure)
improved if the buses ran more frequently.At some 2 giving information (impersonal style)
times in the evenings there is only one bus an hour. 3 invitation (pronoun omitted)
• I use public transport regularly to travel to and 4 giving information (full forms)
from school. 5 refusing an invitation/expressing regrets (short forms)
6 invitation (personal style)
In the model answer the speaker doesn’t approve of 7 accepting an invitation (impersonal style)
private transport because it causes a lot of pollution and 8 accepting an invitation/invitation (personal style)
it is expensive. The speaker says that people would be 9 job application (advanced vocabulary)
healthier and have more money if they didn’t use their 10 invitation (personal style)
cars. 11 invitation (colloquial expressions)
12 expressing thanks (full forms)
Task 2 (p. 20) 13 expressing congratulations (short form)
(See Tapescripts section – Unit 1.8 Speaking Task 2 p. 20) 14 giving news (colloquial expression)
The speakers agree on the camera. They say it would 15 giving information (impersonal style)
make a great gift because it’s fun to take pictures and it 16 offer (complex sentence structure)
would be a good hobby.They agree that it is easy to take 17 expressing congratulations (advanced vocabulary)
great pictures with modern cameras. They think that 18 asking for news (colloquial expression)
although it may be expensive, it would be useful. 19 invitation (advanced vocabulary)
Student B – Task 1 (p. 21) 20 expressing regrets (serious style)
(See Tapescripts section – Unit 1.8 Speaking Task 1 p. 21)

Questions for Student A – Task 1 (p. 21)

• I don’t think that young people today are more
23
Answer Section

Exercise 2 (p. 23) 3 Dear Mr and Mrs Morris,

1 D informal I hope this letter finds you well. Now that I am
back home again, I’d just like to thank you both for
techniques: omission of subject pronoun
making my visit such a pleasant one. I really enjoyed
before wanted, contractions in couldn’t/I’m, come
my fortnight staying with you.
up (phrasal verb), out of the blue (idiomatic
…………………………..
expression), take care, keep in touch, informal
Thank you again for your hospitality and for
expression to sign off
making me feel so at home.
2 A formal Best wishes,
techniques: no contractions in I am writing/I am Martha
very interested/I have included, in response to,
consider, I look forward to, in the near future, formal Unit 1.10
language and formal expression to sign off Exercise 1 (p. 24)
3 B informal A imaginary situation:You have bought a TV which
is not suitable and the shop assistant was rude
techniques: omission of subject pronoun
imaginary reader: company’s Complaints
before Hope, contraction in I’m writing, informal
Department manager
expression to sign off
style: formal
4 C formal type of writing task: letter of complaint
techniques: no contractions in I am writing/ you specific topic(s): mistake, the rudeness of the
will investigate/I have described, use of passive shop assistant when returning the TV – what you
voice in that have been made, formal language want the manager to do
and formal expression to sign off in no longer the B imaginary situation:You are interested in getting
case, I trust, take action, I look forward to, in the a summer job.
near future, imaginary reader: supervisor of a summer camp
style: formal
Exercise 3 (p. 23) type of writing task: email applying for a job
1 Dear Christine, specific topic(s): your qualifications/experience –
How are you? Hope you are feeling more relaxed why you think you are suitable for the job
now that your exams are over. I was wondering if you
I’d like to come and stay at my house next weekend, if C imaginary situation:You have just returned from
you don’t have anything else planned. a visit to your pen-friend’s house.
………………………. imaginary reader: the parents of your pen-friend
Anyway, I have to sign off now. Don’t forget to let style: semi-formal
me know if you can make it next weekend. I’d really type of writing task: letter of thanks
love to see you. specific topic(s): thanking parents for their
Lots of love, hospitality – how your visit helped you improve
Roberta your English
D imaginary situation:You have won first prize in a
2 Hi Bobby, short story competition.
I’ve just heard the great news that you passed imaginary reader: your English pen-friend
your exams! Well done! I know you were really style: informal
worried that you weren’t going to make it, so I’d type of writing task: letter giving news
like to send you my warmest congratulations. specific topic(s): winning first prize for your
……………………….. short story – how this could change your life
Congratulations once again on passing your
exams. Drop me a line and let me know what you
did to celebrate.
Regards,
Jonathan

24
Answer Section

Exercise 2 (p. 24) Exercise 6 (p. 25)

Model A is a formal letter. It uses formal language (to inform Dear Stephanie,
you, as you are aware, in addition, Please contact, to arrange for, I’m writing to you from Cornwall.We are on holiday
etc), there are no contractions, the passive voice is used (has here, staying in a country cottage in a pretty village and
been chosen), a formal expression is used to sign off. we will be here for the whole month.
Our first few days have been really brilliant, the
Model B is an informal email. It uses informal language
weather has been lovely and we have been exploring the
(You’re not going to believe this!, You know, Well, Talk to you
local area. We have been swimming and walking and all
soon.), contractions are used (You’re, I’m, I’ll,Aren’t), rhetorical
this exercise has made me very hungry. I am really
questions are used (Remember that short story competition I
enjoying the local food; lots of fresh fish, vegetables and
entered?), idiomatic expressions are used (on cloud nine),
ice cream. We’ve also had Cornish pasties (which are a
exclamation marks are used, informal expressions (Talk to
local speciality) and they are delicious!
you soon) are used without the subject pronoun, an
Why don’t you come and join us for a week? It
informal expression is used to sign off.
would be great if you could. If you can come, just let us
Model B is the answer to rubric D in Ex. 1. know and we will pick you up from the station. I hope
you do, it would be such fun!
Exercise 3 (p. 25) I’m off for a walk on the beach now. Do let me know
1 an apology for a delay in writing if you can come and stay with us. Can’t wait to hear
2 the reason why you must end the letter/email from you.
3 wishes/greetings to the person’s family Best Wishes,
4 showing gratitude Kirsty
5 wishes
6 question/wish about a person’s health Unit 1.11
7 a request to the person to reply soon
8 the reasons why you are writing Exercise 1 (p. 26)
A informal letter of invitation
Exercise 4 (p. 25) B informal letter refusing an invitation
A main body para 1: ask your pen-friend what clothes C informal letter accepting an invitation
would be suitable to take
main body para 2: ask for directions on how to get Exercise 2b (p. 26)
to their house • gives details ... theme: paragraph 2
• invites the person ... time: paragraph 1
B main body para 1: give a description of how you • asks the person ... come: paragraph 4
have been spending your time on • invites the person ... night: paragraph 3
holiday up till now
main body para 2: invite him/her to spend a week Exercise 3 (p. 26)
with you Of course I’d love to come. I wouldn’t miss it for
anything, …
C main body para 1: refuse the invitation to go on the
cruise
main body para 2: give the reason(s) you are unable Exercise 4 (p. 27)
to go A main body para 1: tell pen-friend the best time of
year to visit your country
Exercise 5 (p. 25) main body para 2: advise on the most important
places to see
The model answers rubric A.
main body para 1: thanks friend for invitation and gives B main body para 1: make first suggestion on how to
reason for writing avoid study stress and outline its
main body para 2: asks about the kind of clothes the benefits
writer should bring main body para 2: make second suggestion on how
main body para 3: asks for directions to reach the to avoid study stress and outline
house its benefits
main body para 4: asks for a reply and sends greetings
to family

25
Answer Section

Exercise 6a (p. 27) regions of a country have different landscapes and

1 you should 4 Why don’t you (go) features and this adds to the richness of our culture. So
2 If you do this, 5 it’s best not to it should be with language. Therefore I believe that
3 Why don’t you 6 I hope my advice helps. regional dialects should simply be accepted. They
should be neither encouraged nor discouraged.
Exercise 7 (p. 27) • I think regional dialects should be discouraged
because it would be better to standardise the
Dear Ben,
language in order that everyone understands each
Thanks for your letter. Sorry I haven’t replied sooner
other. When people misunderstand each other it
but we have been very busy revising at school lately. I’m
can eventually lead to conflict. Differences make
thrilled you’re coming to Brazil and here are a few
people feel apart from others and this can become
answers to your questions.
an unhealthy influence on the unity of a society.
If I were you, I’d come in time for this year’s carnival.
It’s held in February, which is a summer month here, so
if you come then you will be sure of good weather! That Exercise 8 (p. 29)
way we could spend some time together, as I am on char: means tea e.g. a cup of char. This is the same
holiday from school then.You shouldn’t miss Rio’s main meaning as the Original Chinese word.
attraction. hoi polloi: is used to refer to ordinary people as
You should also visit the world famous Copacabana compared to rich people. It is generally used in a rather
Beach and the statue of Christ the Redeemer on rude tone or a humorous way.
Corcovado Mountain.Apart from Rio, another idea is to
apparatchik: means a person who works for the
explore the Amazonia National Park or the Iguacu Falls,
government and always obeys rules and is used
both of which are a paradise for nature lovers. It’s best
negatively in English.
not to go to Sao Paulo, though, unless you’re a real city
fan. It’s Brazil’s most populated city and has some really
huge skyscrapers. Exercise 9 (p. 29)
Hope I have given you a few helpful ideas.Write back It is important to learn languages in the modern world
soon and let me know when you decide to come. because we need to be able to communicate with people
Lots of love, from different parts of the world. Knowing another
Ursula language, or languages, can help in career prospects and
can also be useful when travelling. Learning another
Unit 1.12 language can give insight into other cultures, too. When
Exercise 4 (p. 28) you learn a language you don’t only learn how people
speak but also about their attitudes to life and their
standardised – made to conform customs. I think everyone should learn at least one foreign
preservation – protection/maintenance language and the earlier they begin to learn it the better.
isolated – difficult to reach
evolved – developed gradually Project (p. 29)
adopted – taken up
adapt – change/modify To begin with, the language spoken in England was a
user-friendly – easy to use or understand variety of regional dialects. Eventually, one of them came
to be recognised all over the country. This old English
Exercise 6 (p. 28) language was then further influenced by invaders over
the years.
lingua franca – a common language used by speakers Originally the Russian language started out as a closely
of other languages related group of dialects too. Gradually a common
absorbed – taken in language was used for literary and commercial purposes
process – a series of actions that achieve a particular and the Church played a large role in creating one
result official language.
conquered – defeated by force The languages continue to change with time, some new
took root in – became established words are added and other words disappear from use.
variations – slightly different forms Some words change because they are adaptations of
words used previously. Other words are adopted from
Exercise 7 (p. 29) other languages and new terminology is introduced due
• I think regional dialects are important to a language to technological advances.
because things should not always be identical, it’s On the other hand, some words are used less and less,
boring. Nothing in nature is exactly the same. Different until eventually they disappear from our vocabulary. If
26
Answer Section

we take a dictionary from 100 years ago and compare it • trying to scare something away: blowfish – its
to a dictionary published last year we will notice many body is puffed up and covered in spikes
such differences. Language is a living entity that reflects • affectionate/playing: elephants – their tusks and
our changing world. trunks are interlinked and one seems to be putting
its trunk into the other’s mouth
Unit 1.13 • affectionate: horses – they are touching the tips
of each other’s noses as if they are kissing
Exercise 1 (p. 30)
Project (p. 32)
Doctor Dolittle has a strong love of animals and from
Chimpanzees communicate in a number of different
the picture it seems that the animals love him.
ways. To start with they greet each other by touching
hands.They warn each other of danger by screaming and
Exercise 2 (p. 30)
making loud noises. When they move their lips a lot,
If Dr Dolittle can learn how animals communicate he they are scared. They show affection by hugging and
can use this to talk to the animals and to understand grooming each other.
what they are trying to tell him.
In the rest of the text I think it will say how he learns Focus on RNE
animal language.
Speaking – Task 1 (p. 36)
I am going to talk about the value of homework.
Exercise 5 (p. 31)
Although nobody likes having homework to do, it is an
put down ... Polynesia gave him bird words to put important part of learning. It gives students an
down in the book ... (line 25) opportunity to look at what they have been taught in
gave up ... he gave up being a people’s doctor ... class and practice or make sure they understand it in
(line 30) their own time. Sometimes it gives students an
came round ... an Italian organ-grinder came round opportunity to consider any questions they might have
with a monkey ... (line 61) about the topic.
took away ... he took away the monkey from the However students should have time for other activities
Italian ... (line 64) after school too and not only homework. This is
look after ... he would look after the monkey from important because after studying all day at school,
then on. (line 68) students need to rest their brains. Concentration levels
fall after long periods of study and education experts
Exercise 8 (p. 31) recommend regular breaks and changes of activity.
Dear Trixie, When students move on to university they will need to
As you know, long haired cats like us can often have read and study their chosen subject on their own.
problems with fur balls. Recently, I had this problem so I Homework in the earlier years of education prepares
went to see the new doctor. His name is Dr Dolittle and them for this. It develops the ability to organise their
he is amazing. First of all he can understand what you studies and discipline themselves.
tell him, which is marvellous. I am fed up with doctors Many teachers complain about the amount of time they
assuming they know what my problem is without spend marking homework. However by looking at what
listening to what I tell them.This doctor listened to me students can do on their own, a teacher can see where
carefully and understood my problem. He gave me some students are having difficulties and help them in these
medicine and also advised me to eat plenty of grass areas. It is a way of assessing students’ progress and as
which would help get rid of the fur balls. While I was such it contributes to their lesson planning because they
there I saw lots of other sick animals. There was a know what areas to focus on in the lesson to help the
chicken with a terrible cough and a squirrel who students learn.
couldn’t sleep. Dr Dolittle helped them too.
It is so good to have such a great doctor in our area.If you Writing – Part 2 (p. 36)
ever have a problem, you should definitely go to see him. In the past decade reality television shows have become
I hope you are well. some of the most popular shows on television. But
Regards, despite their popularity they are often criticised for
Princess being very low quality television. As far as I’m
Unit 1.14 concerned, some reality television shows can be
Exercise 1 (p. 32) enjoyable entertainment while others can exploit the
people taking part in them.
• on the attack: snake – its head is raised, its fangs Many of the shows are popular because audiences can
are exposed and it’s shooting out poison see how other people behave when they live together
27
Answer Section

under stressful conditions. Sometimes the people in the 3 change: transition

show are humiliated and sometimes they can appear 4 thrive: flourish
very courageous. It seems to me that audiences enjoy 5 means: resources
this type of reality show because the people who take 6 facilities: amenities
part are just ordinary people and viewers can imagine 7 feed: graze
themselves in their shoes. Unfortunately, this type of 8 restricted: confined
show can be very poor quality and may exploit the 9 made illegal: outlawed
people who take part. 10 wander: roam
Another type of reality show that attracts large 11 rules: reigns
audiences is the one based on some kind of talent. The 12 everlasting: permanent
participants usually want to become famous as singers
gathering place: a location where people or animals
or dancers. This type of programme shows ordinary
come together
people making their dreams come true and audiences
nomadic lifestyle: not having a permanent home;
can relate to this idea. Also, it can be very entertaining
moving from place to place
watching talented performers on these programmes.
natural habitat: the normal place for sth to live
Overall, I believe that reality television shows are
migratory paths: the routes animals take when
popular because they offer the audience the chance to
moving between their seasonal habitats
escape from their own lives and to feel the experiences
multiple-use area: a place that has many uses
of the people who participate in the shows. Sometimes
shaved heads: with hair cut off completely
reality television shows can be very poor quality but
bustling community: a busy place where people live
they can also be very entertaining.
and work
MODULE 2 Exercise 5 (p. 39)
Unit 2.1 The Masai way of life has changed very much in
Exercise 1 (p. 38) recent years. Once they roamed wherever they wanted
but now they are restricted to a small area.
There are some people in a Land Rover. It looks like
Lately, the Masai population has risen dramatically and
they are on safari and that they have just seen an animal.
this has put a strain on resources.As people move to the
The other photograph on page 42 shows some giraffes.
villages, the demand for farmland, water and electricity
The picture on the opposite page is of an African
grows. But conservationists do not want the Masai to
tribesman. I think that people go on holiday to Africa
have a permanent settlement as they worry that it would
because you can see strange and exciting animals there.
interfere with the migratory paths of wild animals.
Tourism gives local people jobs and money.Tourism can
The authorities want to move the Masai out of the
help the animals because locals set up conservation
region where they have settled in order to protect the
schemes for the benefit of tourists.
natural habitat of the animals, but the Masai refuse to go.
Their lives are becoming more modern and they want
Exercise 3 (p. 39)
to stay in permanent dwellings in their traditional lands.
Before dawn breaks, the birds are already singing.
London has a diverse population but, generally, people
Exercise 6 (p. 39)
live in harmony together.
At resorts where beaches are cleaned up, tourism The Masai are no longer free to follow their old nomadic
flourishes. lifestyle. They are confined to a small area and are not
The African plains support all kinds of life, from the allowed to grow very much food or to build homes. The
smallest insect to the largest mammal. conservation authorities have said that if the Masai would
All you need to grow food yourself is a little patience. like to have a permanent settlement, they must first move
The conservation area has been a real success: the from the Ngorongoro. If I were a Masai, I would choose to
number of birds has doubled over the past two years. move. Hospitals, schools, electricity and running water are
The water supply is not reliable so we often have to vital for any community.
drink bottled water.
The Masai make use of their local knowledge to act as Unit 2.2
guides for tourists. Exercise 5 (p. 41)
1 A renewable source of clean energy would solve
Exercise 4 (p. 39) most environmental problems.
1 roads: routes 2 I could see the fish swimming in the crystal clear
2 housing: dwellings water.
28
Answer Section

3 The sun shone in the clear sky as we set out for a afternoon they are taking me out to see the lakes that
picnic. the region is famous for.
4 He hoped to make a clean start by moving to a Next week I’m heading to Brazil, which will be
new town. completely different. I’ll send you another letter once
I’m there.
5 It was a clear case of false arrest as he had a
Best wishes,
perfect alibi.
Olga
6 A good sentence should have a clear meaning.
7 Tina’s clear voice was heard over the noise of the Unit 2.3
busy office. Exercise 1 (p. 42)
8 I always need clear instructions so that I don’t A volcanic eruption is when a volcano throws molten
make any mistakes. rock called lava, ash and steam out of its top. It is caused
by a build-up of pressure deep below the Earth. An
Exercise 6 (p. 41) active volcano has recent activity and signs of
1 came across 4 hung up earthquake activity, whereas a dormant volcano has
2 puts ... up 5 put off shown no activity for quite some time. Mount Etna in
3 put across Sicily is an active volcano and erupts constantly. Mount
Vesuvius is dormant because it has not erupted for
some time.
Exercise 7b (p. 41) Exercise 2 (p. 42)
Animals can do some amazing things and circus shows I think Vesuvius was a volcano that erupted thousands of
can be very exciting but I think that forcing animals to years ago in Italy. It was special because the ash from the
perform is just wrong and clearly unacceptable.They can eruption covered all the people in the towns and villages
become stressed and even depressed, and this makes nearby.Their bodies were preserved, like the one in the
them dangerous to work with. It’s a real shame that they picture. I think the article will talk about what things
cannot enjoy a free life in the wild. were found by the archaeologists.

Exercise 10 (p. 41) Exercise 4b (p. 42)

At the moment I am feeling quite sleepy. 1 The word ‘who’ at the beginning of the missing
At 6 o’clock yesterday afternoon, I went for a jog. phrase relates the words ‘an older man’ and ‘her
I have already had three cups of coffee today. uncle’.
I never get enough rest over the weekend. 2 The words ‘ash filled the air’ and ‘difficult to
Last summer I spent five weeks travelling around Crete. breathe’.
At present, I am living in a very small flat. 3 The action expressed at the beginning of the
I haven’t managed to finish my homework yet. sentence ‘the woman covered her face’ is explained
It has been sunny every day since I came here. using ‘in order to ...’.
I always like to take two credit cards on holiday, just in 4 The words ‘body’ and ‘lying on a bed ...’.
case one gets lost or stolen. 5 The words ‘project’ and ‘aimed at investigating’.
I try to do some kind of exercise every day. 6 The words ’proof’ and ‘ there will ... be ... eruptions’.

Exercise 11 (p. 41) When matching the parts of sentences, it is the whole
Dear Henry, meaning of the completed sentence which determines
I have been in Patagonia now for two weeks. It is the choice. This can be checked by seeing that other
even more beautiful that I thought it would be. I have options do not make sense.
seen whales and penguins and ships headed for
Antarctica! Last week I went to the Torres del Paine Exercise 5 (p. 43)
national park where I spent five days camping and devastated – destroyed completely
walking through the mountains. At night it was so cold livelihood – way of earning money
that I couldn’t sleep and there were icicles on the inside roar – loud frightening noise
of my tent in the morning. But it was worth it. The pelted down – fell with great force
scenery was spectacular and I even saw a condor. escape – get away
I’m now in a town called Bariloche, a little further instinctively – without conscious thought
north. It’s a ski resort but there are also many other shielded – protected
attractions. I am staying with a local family and this concrete – specific and definite

29
Answer Section

scour – thoroughly search B: Oh, how awful!

millennia – thousands of years A: Listen to this.Thousands of people have been killed
in a famine in Ethiopia.
Exercise 6 (p. 43) B: Oh, no. Don’t tell me.
1 Scientists are always on a quest for information. A: You won’t believe it. Hundreds of homes have been
2 There was a thunderous roar as the volcano destroyed by a hurricane.
erupted. B: Oh, dear.That’s terrible.
3 As soon as I came out of the water I had to gasp for
air because I had run out of oxygen under water. Exercise 8 (p. 45)
4 Pompeii was covered by ever-thickening ash 1 second conditional: refers to a current state that
when Vesuvius erupted. is known to be false
5 When you drill holes in the wall, be careful not to 2 mixed second: refers to a condition which is
hit a pipe. impossible because of a past event
6 The athlete made a desperate attempt to win 3 subject + would rather + subject + past
the race but he only came second. tense: refers to present using a past tense
7 They found the perfectly preserved body of a 4 mixed second: refers to a condition which is
mammoth in the ice. impossible because of a past event
8 The bodies could provide evidence for when and 5 zero conditional: refers to sth certain. Both
how they died. clauses in the present tense
9 Archaeologists are working at the excavation 6 second conditional: refers to a current state or
sites to find all the dinosaur bones. event that is known to be false or improbable
10 They set up a project to help the endangered 7 third conditional: refers to a condition which is
animals in the area. impossible because of a past event
11 You can get a pumice stone to rub the hard skin
on your feet to make it smoother. past subjunctive/second conditional: refers to a current
12 The escaped prisoners hid in the small grove of trees. state or event that is known to be false or improbable

Exercise 8 (p. 43) Exercise 11 (p. 45)

It has been a horrific day. The morning was clear and Rosa – earthquake
bright as usual. But around lunch time, the animals Liam – hurricane
started to act strangely. It was clear that they were May – avalanche
worried about something. Then, all of a sudden, the
ground started to shake. At first I thought it was an Exercise 12 (p. 45)
earthquake, but moments later there was a deafening The Indian Ocean tsunami that struck a few years ago
explosion and I looked round to see the top of the was devastating. More than 200,000 people died and
mountain had disappeared. I was terrified and didn’t millions lost their homes. The disaster took place on
know what to do.An enormous black cloud began to fill December 26th, which is a holiday in my country, so I
the sky. Soon it had blocked out the sun.Then pieces of remember sitting around watching the events on
rock started to fall down from above. I covered my head television with all my family.
and ran inside. The debris kept falling for what seemed
like hours.When the dust eventually cleared and I went Unit 2.5
back outside, the village had completely disappeared. I Exercise 1 (p. 46)
had many friends there and at that moment I knew that
In picture A there is a climber using pickaxes to grip into
I would never see them again.
the ice as he is climbing.
In picture B I can see a type of sled with four people in
Unit 2.4
it.They look as if they are racing the sled on ice.
Exercise 4 (p. 44) In picture C there are many husky dogs in front of a
A: Listen to this. Firefighters saved twenty people from sled.There is snow on the ground and some trees in the
certain death in a blaze. background. Two people are on the sled and a third
B: That’s amazing.They deserve a medal. person is pushing.
A: You won’t believe it. Some ferries have capsized in a Picture D shows a mountain trail.There are some horses
flood. on a dusty track lined with trees, There are mountain
B: Oh, dear! That’s tragic. peaks in the background. One horse is carrying something
A: Have your heard? Seven people have died in an on its back and two people are riding the other horses.
avalanche in British Columbia. Picture E shows a man bungee jumping.
30
Answer Section

In picture A it looks very dangerous to be hanging by a • A white dove symbolises peace.

rope off the side of a steep, frozen mountain cliff. It must • Agatha Christie detective stories keep readers in
be an incredible challenge mentally and physically. suspense as to who did the crime.
In picture B the concentration of the team members • The gangster was surrounded by his henchmen
must be very intense. They are wearing helmets so it who protected him.
must be a risky sport. • The injury will hinder the athlete’s chances of
I would like to be in the sled in picture C and be pulled winning.
along by a team of husky dogs. I think it would be fun. • The humiliation of having to admit what he had
It must be very exhilarating to ride a horse in the done showed on his face.
mountains as in picture D. It looks bright and sunny and • Peter has an unhealthy obsession with his weight.
the air must be clean with no car fumes. • Gavin never gives up, he is known for his
I think bungee jumping must be very scary but those persistence.
who do it say it is a thrilling experience. I wonder what • My teacher assesses our progress every week
the man in picture E is thinking! with a test.
• His new walking boots were ideal for the rocky
Exercise 2a (p. 46) terrain.
1 Bungee Jumping – picture E
2 no picture Exercise 4 (p. 46)
3 Mountaineering – picture E 1 I am not sure he has the will power to complete
4 Dog-sled race – picture C the trek.
5 no picture 2 Realising he was not going to win the game, he
6 Bobsledding – picture B completed the course at a slow walking pace.
7 Mountain trekking – picture D 3 All the team members were determined to help
their captain win the competition.
I think mountaineering is the most challenging because 4 I don’t think Peter has the in-depth knowledge
you have to rely on your own skill and your body’s needed to be a member of our team for University
strength to survive. Challenge.
5 At the end of the school year, all the students run in
Exercise 3 (p. 46) the annual cross-country race through the
basin – crater forest.
faint-hearted – fearful 6 We were happy with the food at the camp, but we
recall – remember were not happy with the sleeping arrangements.
panoramic – extensive 7 The film in question is based on a true story.
unfolds – opens up 8 The mountain range forms a natural border
bleak – barren/gloomy between the two countries.
symbolise – represent 9 You must have all the right safety equipment if you
suspense – tension want to go rock climbing.
henchmen – supporters 10 The village was destroyed by the molten lava
hinder – obstruct flowing down the side of the volcano.
humiliation – embarrassment
obsession – passion Exercise 5 (p. 46)
persistence – perseverance I think that the University Challenge quiz programme is
assess – evaluate interesting because when you watch the programme you
terrain – landscape can test your own knowledge and also learn new things.

• At the top of the volcano is a basin where the lava Exercise 6 (p. 46)
escapes from. I would like to undertake a mountain trek for charity. It
• Margaret is so brave she could never be described would be a great experience for me and at the same
as fainthearted. time I would be helping others. I am not sure if I am fit
• Granddad likes to recall how he spent his youth. enough and so it would be a good idea for me to take
• From the top of the London Eye you get a part in a training weekend before I went. That way I
panoramic view of the city. would be prepared and I would learn what is required. I
• As the story unfolds the plot gets more enjoy walking so this is the ideal challenge for me.
complicated.
• The mountain top was bleak and inhospitable.
31
Answer Section

Unit 2.6 Unit 2.8

Exercise 1 (p. 48) Student A – Task 1 (p. 52)
extreme sports ➝ rafting, rock climbing (See Tapescripts section – Unit 2.8 Speaking Task 1 p. 52)
team sports ➝ hockey, volleyball
Questions for Student B – Task 1 (p. 52)
water sports ➝ diving, swimming
• In order to be good at preparing for challenges
ball sports ➝ tennis, netball people need to be determined to succeed and well
spectator sports ➝ cricket, basketball motivated.
contact sports ➝ judo, boxing • I think it is a good thing to be competitive because
it helps you put the maximum effort into whatever
winter sports ➝ snowboarding, ice skating
it is you are doing.
• People should be aware of their own limits when
Exercise 6 (p. 48) trying to achieve challenges as far as it keeps them
1 It is important to take aim at the target properly alive. However the whole point of a challenge is to
before firing. stretch your limits and attempt to go beyond what
2 He had been working hard all morning and it was you know you are capable of. As long as you have
time to take a break. good training and safety awareness this is OK.
3 The competition took place in France.
4 I don’t make the rules, I just work here. The speaker enjoys mental and physical challenges. The
speaker plays football and likes the challenge of staying
Exercise 11 (p. 49) in the school team and taking part in competitions.The
A: I know you love water sports, so I think you’d be speaker also enjoys the challenge that study provides
great as a white-water rafter. because it will be good for the future.
B: Well I like swimming and water-polo, but white-
Task 2 (p. 52)
water rafting? No, that’s not for me. I don’t think I
could cope. It’s dangerous, isn’t it? I don’t want to (See Tapescripts section – Unit 2.8 Speaking Task 2 p. 52)
risk my life!
A: It’s not as dangerous as you think.There are a lot of The speakers found it difficult to choose between hiking
safety precautions and you’re always with other and mountain bike riding. Both speakers agree that
these are good choices and have to decide between
experienced rafters.
them to make their final choice.
B: I hadn’t thought of that.
A: I just imagine you on the river speeding down the Student B – Task 1 (p. 53)
rapids.
(See Tapescripts section – Unit 2.8 Speaking Task 1 p. 53)
B: You’ve got a point. I have been looking for
something a bit different, something that would get
Questions for Student A – Task 1 (p. 53)
me out of the city.
A: You see! You’d love all the excitement of being in • The education system tries to help young people
the water and battling the elements.You get to test develop the skills they will need for the jobs they
your limits and it’ll give you an unforgettable are suited to.
experience at the same time.Why don’t you give it • To help young people get better jobs, the education
a go? The white-water rafting group I belong to is system could include more opportunities for them
looking for some new members and you’re more to talk to professionals about their work.This could
than welcome to come along on Saturday. motivate students to study hard and gain the
B: You might be right, actually. Ok, I’ll come. Let’s live a necessary qualifications.
little! • Young people in my area have reasonably good job
prospects because we live in a city. / Unfortunately
Exercise 12 (p. 49) young people in my area do not have good job
prospects because we live in a rural area. Some
Extreme sports are thrilling, but I’m too scared to try
young people will carry on the family farming
most of them. For example, I love snowboarding and
business but many of us will move away to find
scuba-diving, but I would never try sky-diving or free
suitable work.
diving. I don’t mind risking a broken leg, but if there’s a
chance I’ll lose my life then I don’t want to do it.
The speaker would like to work as a scientist in the
future and therefore wants to do well at school in order
to get a place at a good university.

32
Answer Section

Task 2 (p. 53) There is just one small favour I would like to ask. I
(See Tapescripts section – Unit 2.8 Speaking Task 2 p. 53) accidentally left my diary behind in my room and was
wondering if you had found it. If so, would you mind
The speakers chose the talk on doing well at interviews. sending it on to my home address? I would be most
They agree that everyone will find it interesting and grateful if you could do this and would, of course, be
useful. glad to pay the postage.
They consider that learning to write a good CV takes Thank you once again for making my stay such a
longer than half a day. memorable one. I hope we can keep in touch and maybe
As for the seminar about training choices, they agree meet again on my next visit to England.
that it could be difficult to find someone with broad Yours sincerely,
enough knowledge who would be able to deal with so Oleg Karpov
many different questions that the students are likely to
have. Unit 2.10
Regarding the lecture on university, their point against
this is that a lot of school leavers will not go to Exercise 3 (p. 57)
university. My letter is going to be about applying for a place on a
summer language course.
Unit 2.9
Exercise 4 (p. 55) Exercise 4 (p. 57)
Dear Ms Webb, I really fancy doing this kind of work ➝ I would be very
Thank you for your email regarding the Young Writers interested in applying for the job
Competition. It was a great surprise to learn I’d won But that’s not all. I also got ➝ In addition to this, I
first prize! I’m writing in the hope that you may be able obtained
to answer a few of my questions. This means that I won’t have any problem teaching ➝ I
As I remember, first prize was a weekend trip to York. am therefore qualified to teach
Could you please confirm that this is the case? If so, I come in very handy when it comes to teaching kids ➝
was wondering if you could provide me with a little prove very useful with regard to teaching children
more information about the city, as this will be my first hope you get in touch soon ➝ look forward to hearing
visit.Also, could you advise me on where I will be staying from you in the near future
and what I should bring with me?
You can contact me by telephone (0779 004 321). I am Exercise 5 (p. 57)
usually available from 7pm on week days and any time at A 1 the Admissions Office at Sheffield University
weekends. 2 no
Thanks very much again. I look forward to hearing from 3 to apply for a place on the Information
you. Technology course
Best wishes, 4 Dear Sir/Madam,
Sally Jones Yours faithfully,
B 1 John Wheatcroft (bookshop owner/manager)
Paragraph 1 – opening remarks, outlines the subject 2 no
of/reasons for the email 3 to apply for the job of assistant in a book shop
Paragraph 2 – requests further information/details 4 Dear Mr Wheatcroft,
Paragraph 3 – gives contact details Yours sincerely,
Paragraph 4 – closing remark
A Dear Sir/Madam,
Exercise 5b (p. 55) I would like to apply for admission to the course
Dear Mrs Grigson, in Information Technology which is offered at
I hope you are keeping well. I’m writing to thank you for Sheffield University.
making my stay such an enjoyable one during the month I I am 18 years of age and am currently completing
was in England.Your kindness is greatly appreciated. my A levels which I expect to achieve grade As in. I
I have many pleasant memories of your hospitality. My am a native speaker of English and have a basic
room was extremely comfortable and your cooking was working knowledge of computers.
first rate. Not only did my stay provide me with an My reason for applying for your course is that I
excellent chance to become familiar with English culture would like to improve my existing IT skills. I feel
and habits, but it also meant that I could practise my English that I need to upgrade my knowledge of IT in order
with you and Mr Grigson. I feel I have definitely improved! to be able to work in this field.
33
Answer Section

I enclose further details of my education and Model B – Plan

qualifications to date, as well as a letter of reference Para 1: reason for writing (apology)
from my headmaster. I hope that you will consider reason for apology (losing book)
me for entry into the IT course and I would Para 2: reason to explain inconvenience/upset caused
appreciate a reply at your earliest convenience. (was rushing to get off train)
Yours faithfully, Para 3: express understanding/promise to make up for
Simon Hodges situation (buy another book)

B Dear Mr Wheatcroft, Exercise 5 (p. 59)

I am writing with regard to your advertisement A Dear Sir/Madam,
for a summer assistant, which appeared in I am writing to draw your attention to an
yesterday’s Cambridge Evening News. I am very unpleasant incident involving myself and one of
interested in applying for this position. your members of staff which occurred last week.
I am 18 years old and have been attending I purchased three DVDs from your shop last
Newport Secondary School, where I recently Monday. Unfortunately, however, on taking them
completed my A levels. I obtained A grades in home I found that none of them would play.
English, French and History, and consider myself to Naturally, I was very surprised and returned them
have adequate computer skills. to the shop at once, intending to ask for a refund.
I am currently seeking summer employment and The assistant who served me was extremely rude.
would definitely be available for work during the When I tried to explain the situation to her, she
months of July and August. Despite having no refused to accept that the DVDs were faulty and even
previous sales experience, I am a well-organised went as far as to suggest that I had damaged them
person and for the past year have been working for myself. I can assure you that this was not the case, but
my local library on a Saturday-only basis. even if it had been, the arrogant and aggressive manner
I enclose my CV and would be glad to attend an of the assistant could in no way be excused.
interview at any time convenient to you. I would I assume that you will replace the faulty DVDs,
appreciate a reply at your earliest convenience. and suggest that you train your staff to deal with
Yours sincerely, the public in an appropriate manner. I trust that you
Miranda Simms will give this matter your prompt attention.
Yours faithfully,
Unit 2.11 Oswald Morris
Exercise 3 (p. 58)
B Hello Janet,
• strong dissatisfaction – surprise about I’m writing about the money you loaned me last
• outdated and inadequate to the task – not working month and to apologise for not managing to pay
very well you back yet. I’m feeling rather bad about it and
• was hopelessly inappropriate – we did not really hope I haven’t put you out.
like The fact is that I had one or two unexpected
• totally unreliable and incompetent – rather expenses. First, my car broke down and I had to
disorganised and inefficient have it repaired.Then my dog got sick and I had to
• Otherwise, we will be forced to take further action take him to the vet. As well as the vet’s bill, there
– I trust I will not have to take this matter further was some expensive medicine to pay for. As they
The tone of the letter changes from strong to mild. say,‘It never rains but it pours’.
Anyway, I just wanted to let you know that
Exercise 4 (p. 59) everything’s under control now and I shall be able
to pay you back tomorrow. I’m really sorry about
Model A – Plan
the delay, though. How about letting me treat you
Para 1: reason for writing (apology)
to lunch tomorrow to make up for it?
reason for apology (missing 85th birthday)
Give me a ring so we can arrange a time to meet.
Para 2: reason to explain inconvenience/upset caused
Love,
(was studying for exams)
Avril
Para 3: promise to make up for situation (take out for tea)

34
Answer Section

Unit 2.12 hot sulphur springs. Wildlife includes bears, wolves,

Exercise 1 (p. 60) chamois and birds such as the golden eagle and the
bearded vulture. One zone in the area is reserved
Parks are natural treasures because they are places
exclusively for scientific research and conservation and
where nature is protected and people can relax.
visitors are not allowed in this zone. A second zone is
where both scientists and tourists are welcome and the
People want to visit parks to see the animals or enjoy
third zone is designed for recreational use. Many visitors
the natural surroundings.
enjoy skiing and hiking on Mount Elbrus and there are
many hotels and tourist facilities. Local herdsmen can
People can see animals in the wild at a wild life park.
also graze their herds in the third zone.Altogether there
They can walk and enjoy spectacular views. In some
are 32 national parks in Russia where conservation
parks there are ancient ruins or archaeological remains
combines successfully with recreation.
which are very interesting.
Unit 2.13
Exercise 4 (p. 60)
Exercise 1 (p. 62)
boundaries – borders between countries
renowned – famous From the picture it looks like J G Ballard writes books
policies – attitude and actions about disasters.
hustle and bustle – noisy, busy activity
disuse – no longer used Exercise 2 (p. 62)
intensive – using increased effort From the first paragraph I think the text is about a huge
undulating – with gentle slopes and hills fire that has swept the area and destroyed it.The people
picturesque – pretty, attractive will be struggling to survive and they will be depressed
excavations – digs and desperate.
specimens – individual examples
topography – physical features of an area Exercise 4 (p. 62)
boasts – possessing a desirable feature withered – dry and dying
procedure – way to do sth
Exercise 5 (p. 60) ample – easily sufficient.
I learned that scientists from around the world meet eccentric – unusual person
regularly at Kruger National Park to share ideas about figure – reckon, think.
improving conservation. agricultural – farming
I learned that the name of Losiny Ostrov National Park devastated – destroyed, ruined
means Elk island in English. abandoned – left
I learned that there were at least 39 species of dinosaur.
Exercise 6a (p. 63)
The park that appeals to me the most is Kruger The drought is natural. In the final paragraph it refers to
National Park because there I can see wild animals such the worldwide drought as a result of a series of regular
as elephants, zebra and tigers. droughts all over the globe.
I think it hasn’t rained for so long because of global
Exercise 6 (p. 60) warming.
It is important to have National Parks in order to
protect nature and wildlife. If we do not set aside areas Exercise 7 (p. 63)
where animals can live and breed naturally they may
Dear Alex,
become extinct. So much of our world has been
I am writing to you sitting on the patio looking out onto
developed and cultivated that I think it is really
a desert. What was once my beautiful garden has
important to have areas where nature is allowed to have
disappeared. Everything has dried up and died and all I
a free hand and where scientists can study animals and
can see now is the dusty earth. The silence is eerie, no
plants in their natural environment.
sound of birds, animals or even people. This morning a
car came by and the sound of the car and another
Project (p. 61) human being were sweet to my ears. A man wanted a
Prielbrusye National Park was established in 1986 little water so that his family would survive their
to preserve the natural outstanding beauty of an area in journey to the coast. He left and the silence was even
Russia that covers 1,002 square km and includes Mount more intense.
Elbrus and the Caucasian Mountain range, glaciers and
35
Answer Section

Life here has become impossible. Everyone is leaving, Focus on RNE

hoping to find water. Of course there is a lot of sea Speaking – Task 2 (p. 68)
water on the coast but the people cannot drink it. I
A: I love a good thriller. What kind of films do you like
cannot believe what has happened and I keep thinking
watching?
that I must be asleep and this is a nightmare. Sadly, I
B: It depends on my mood, but I probably choose
realise this is only wishful thinking. I feel helpless and I
adventure films more often because I find them
often think about how things used to be. I remember
more absorbing, I can get carried away with the hero
fields of grain and grazing cattle, roses in the garden and
fighting for justice or searching for a lost city.
the sounds of people going about their daily tasks. I
A: I know what you mean.When I watch a good thriller
realise things will never be the same again here.The next
I am completely taken in by the suspense and the
time an evacuation plane comes, we will take it and
gripping atmosphere created by the film. But what
make a new life somewhere else. Now this area has
shall we choose for the summer film festival?
become a desert and we cannot stay.
B: Obviously my choice out of these would be an
How is the situation where you are? Do you still have
adventure film and yours would be a thriller. But let’s
water to drink and food to eat? Can you still watch the
consider the other two before we decide.
rain clouds appearing in the sky and dropping refreshing
A: First there’s the documentary. Some of these are
drops of water onto the ground below? I hope so.
really excellent. The quality of the filming and
I will let you know where we end up. In the meantime I
information provided is superb. It would be good to
hope this letter reaches you and that you and your
choose a recent documentary that people are
family are in good health.
unlikely to have seen.
Best wishes,
B: You have a good point there, but I’m not so keen on
Ransom
this idea. I think it’s a bit serious for a summer film
festival. A comedy, on the other hand, would be light
Unit 2.14 and entertaining for everyone of all ages.
Exercise 1 (p. 64) A: That’s very true. We must remember that there will
The Earth is made up of four layers.The outer-most layer be children and adults who might like to come to the
is called the crust. The crust is made of many smaller festival. My own choice is probably not a good idea,
pieces called plates. Pressure from the mantle (the layer in that case.Thrillers can be very frightening.
beneath the crust) causes the plates to move.As they rub B: Yes they can.Adventure films are not as bad; although
past each other, they sometimes become stuck.When the there can be some scary moments, I don’t think they
pressure has become too great, an earthquake occurs. are terrifying. I think we should choose between a
comedy and an adventure film.
Exercise 5 (p. 64) A: The thing is that not everyone finds the same things
1 The earth is made up of four layers.The outer layer funny. A comedy can be seen by some people as
can be up to 45 kilometres thick! stupid while others sometimes find humour
2 Earthquakes release pressure and help the plates to offensive. I still think the documentary could work
get moving again. because it’s factual.
3 Plates move very slowly, at only 1-10 cm a year. B: OK. The adventure film sounds good to me but you
are right. If we find a documentary with a local
Project (p. 64) flavour, something about this region of the country, it
would be of interest to everyone, old and young
A plate is a massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock.
alike.
Plates can vary greatly, from a few hundred to thousands
A: I agree with that. Let’s go with the documentary, it
of kilometres across.The Pacific and Antarctic Plates are
seems to be the one we can both agree on.
among the largest. Tectonic plates probably developed
very early in the Earth's 4.6-billion-year history, and they
have been drifting about on the surface ever since. Plate Writing – Part 1 (p. 68)
thickness varies greatly, ranging from less than 15 km to Dear Susan,
about 200 km or more. It was great to hear from you.
Most of the boundaries between individual plates I agree with you that it is important to do some type of
cannot be seen, because they are hidden beneath the exercise regularly. The most popular ways for young
oceans. Yet oceanic plate boundaries can be mapped people to keep fit here are playing football and dancing. I
accurately from outer space by measurements from belong to a girl’s football team and it keeps me very fit.
GEOSAT satellites. Earthquake and volcanic activity is The sports facilities at our school are very good.
concentrated near these boundaries. We have an excellent sports centre in the town which
includes an indoor swimming pool. I cannot imagine
36
Answer Section

swimming in an outdoor pool, it must have been very Exercise 5 (p. 71)
cold. taken aback – surprised
I hope you have a very happy birthday and I wish you grim – gloomy
many happy returns of the day. Is the party going to be at stern-faced – serious-looking
your house? How many people are coming? Will you have outright – absolute/complete
special food and drink? Write and tell me all about it. fuming – enraged/angry
Best wishes, rapid – quick
Tamara crucial – important

MODULE 3 Exercise 6 (p. 71)

Unit 3.1 1 He thought it was a normal work day until the
police knocked on his door.
Exercise 2 (p. 70)
2 He was about to set off for work when the
I think the text must be about someone who has been doorbell rang.
seen doing something illegal or wrong. I think it is about 3 He thought the postman was bringing an early
someone being arrested by the police for a crime they delivery.
did not commit. 4 He stared blankly at the walls for some time until
the detective came in the room to question him.
Exercise 4 (p. 71) 5 The detective gave him a long, hard look and
interrogation: a method of questioning asked him about his whereabouts on the 18th.
staring blankly: to have an expressionless look on 6 The detective dropped the bombshell that
one’s face. someone had identified him as the criminal.
law-abiding: to never break the law 7 He wondered if someone had made a genuine
whereabouts: the place where a person or thing is mistake in identifying him as a criminal.
alibi: a story or excuse to avoid blame 8 It felt strange to be wrongly accused of a crime
grudge: a feeling of ill will or resentment by someone he knew.
evidence: information that proves or disproves sth 9 His lawyer came into the room with an air of
scuttled: went away/ran off confidence and he began to relax.
features: parts/shape of the face 10 She told the police with controlled anger that
criminal record: a list of crimes committed the evidence was unacceptable.
throughout a person’s life 11 He has had personal experience of how
charge: a formal accusation that a person has mistakes can be made with CCTV.
committed a crime 12 Luckily, he had no criminal record or things may
surveillance: the watching of someone or sth by the have been different.
police, etc
Exercise 7 (p. 71)
The interrogation ended when the police had no more My client was wrongly accused of a serious crime. He
questions. was in shock and treated very badly for something that
Alice has never done anything illegal, she is a law-abiding he had nothing to do with. Unfortunately, he was left to
citizen. suffer in an interrogation room for hours with no
The police received a message regarding the whereabouts information as to why he was there. He was treated as
of the stolen jewellery. though he were guilty, even though there was insufficient
He had no alibi for the time when the crime happened. evidence to prove it. In the end, he was allowed to leave
Paul had a grudge against his old boss for firing him. without charge. However, he was extremely traumatised
The charges were dropped due to lack of evidence. by this experience.
He scuttled back to his office to get the papers he had
left behind. Exercise 8 (p. 71)
Tell me if the man you saw had any unique features.
Dear Sirs,
Having a criminal record can prevent you from working
I am writing to complain about the shocking
in various places.
treatment and allegations that were made against me.
If the police do not charge her with a crime, they must
On Tuesday of last week I was rudely taken from my
let her go home.
home for questioning. I was left in an interrogation
They placed the suspect under surveillance in order to
room for hours before I was presented with any
gain more evidence.
information. Fortunately, my lawyer arrived and

37
Answer Section

demanded to see the evidence. As expected, what the A: Could I have your name and address, please? We may
police claimed to be CCTV evidence against me would have to contact you again later, if we have more
be unacceptable in a court of law.There was no possible questions.
way anyone could look at those photos and identify me B: Certainly. It’s Joe Barton and I live at 23 Westville
as the person in them. I was released without charge. Way in Middletown. My phone number is 218 3542.
At the very least, I deserve an apology in writing as I
think it is appalling that innocent, law-abiding citizens can Unit 3.3
be dragged in for questioning and be treated like Exercise 2a (p. 74)
criminals. I can be reached at the address given above
I use my mobile phone to talk to my friends and my
and I await your reply.
laptop computer to send emails and do my homework
Yours faithfully,
every day. I also like to listen to music on my MP3 player
Joe Bond
when I am on my way to school.
Unit 3.2
Exercise 2b (p. 74)
Exercise 1a (p. 72)
I think it would be OK to go a day without any of these
minor offences: littering, illegal parking, speeding, gadgets. I know I could easily get by without my mobile
shoplifting, hooliganism phone and my MP3 player. I might find it more difficult to
warning: hooliganism, littering go without my laptop though, because I do all of my
having to pay a fine: littering, illegal parking, speeding homework and research with it.
doing community service: vandalism, shoplifting,
cyber crime, fraud, pick-pocketing, hooliganism Exercise 3 (p. 74)
going to prison: arson, blackmail, burglary, murder,
I think the people in these pictures live very different
assault, hijacking, kidnapping, smuggling, armed robbery,
lifestyles. The young girl does not appear to have
mugging, drink driving, fraud
modern technology available to her, whereas, in the
other picture, we see teenagers working in a computer
Exercise 1b (p. 72)
lab. This could potentially effect the young girl’s
1 kidnapping (ransom) education because she may miss out on certain skills
2 murder (body) and opportunities, especially if she doesn’t even have
3 cyber crime (fake) access to books or paper.
4 armed robbery (shotgun) One can assume that the young girl lives in more
5 mugging (bag-snatchers) cramped, poorer housing than the ‘western’ looking
6 shoplifting (crime ... supermarket) students. As for amenities, the young girl probably has
fewer possessions and very little or no access to
Exercise 6 (p. 73)
technology. Therefore her entertainment probably
1 above the law: does not have to follow the rules involves games with friends and family. The older girl at
2 the long arm of the law: the police, the legal system the computer must have access to all the modern
3 the letter of the law: literal interpretation of conveniences such as TV, radio, the Internet and many
legal words forms of entertainment such as the theatre, cinema etc.
4 to take the law into their own hands: make
their own rules and punish people how they like Exercise 6a (p. 75)
5 the law of the jungle: the strongest wins
• The clockwork radio was her most valued
Exercise 9 (p. 73) possession.
• It has changed the lives of many people.
A: Could you please tell me what you saw?
• Technological developments are slow to reach
B: Certainly, officer. It was 3 pm. There was a tall man
under-developed countries.
with a mask over his face. He had a gun and he was
• Radio broadcasts help to provide people with
pointing it at the bank teller.
important information.
A: Where were you?
• In some communities the children do better with a
B: I was next in line just in front of the counter when
portable radio for education than children who
the man pulled out his gun.
attend state schools.
A: Could you describe what the man was wearing?
• The radios are sturdy enough to stand up to the
B: The man was wearing a black pair of overalls, like a
harsh conditions in Africa.
mechanic wears. He also wore black leather gloves
• Health organisations find the portable radio a
and he had a ski mask over his face and sunglasses, so
very useful product because they can get health
you couldn’t see any part of him.
information to remote villages.
38
Answer Section

Exercise 6b (p. 75) The touch pad/screen on my laptop is extremely

possession: sth you own sensitive.
remote: far away from other towns and villages My digital camera has a 3x optical zoom lens.
patent: the exclusive right granted by a government to You can see everything clearly with the large display
an inventor to manufacture, use, or sell an invention for screen on the back of the camera.
a certain number of years Just look through the view finder and click!
rejection: denial Most digital cameras now come with a built-in flash.
flawed: faulty
breakthrough: a significant or sudden development Exercise 3 (p. 76)
financier: a person skilled in managing large amounts 1 In the UK a state school is a school run by the
of money government and public and private schools are
distributed: sent out different names for the same thing.All children have
conventional: normal, ordinary or traditional to go to school until they are sixteen in the UK.
2 A foundation course is a course of study that
Exercise 7 (p. 75) prepares a student for a longer, more difficult one.
3 Universities offer undergraduate and graduate
Nouns Verbs
programmes to students. A discipline is an area of
batteries, radio, develop, study at university.
wind-up, television, demonstrate 4 A note is a short letter. Students have to attend all
transistor, patent, classes unless they have written permission to be
invention, electricity excused for a valid reason such as illness.

international words: radio, television Exercise 5 (p. 77)

It takes place in a mobile phone shop.
Exercise 8 (p. 75) It’s about buying a mobile phone.
… the phone rang. It was a man named Chris Stains and
he told me he was very interested in my clockwork Exercise 6 (p. 77)
radio. He explained that he had seen my demonstration A: Have you got a specific brand in mind?
on the BBC and was intrigued. He said he would like to B: Not really. Could you suggest something that would
meet me to ask some more questions and see the be handy for travelling?
device for himself. Chris explained that he was a A: Yes, of course.This one fits in your pocket and takes
financier and would be interested in working with me to excellent pictures and videos.
further develop the project. I was elated and couldn’t B: How much is it?
believe that all of my hard work and efforts were finally A: It will cost £200 after the discount we are offering.
going to pay off. B: Can I pay by credit card?
A: That’s fine. Follow me.
Exercise 9 (p. 75)
This quote reflects his personality in that he had Exercise 9 (p. 77)
unconventional thoughts to come up with the idea for I would prefer to be educated at school. I am an only child
his invention. It shows that he is creative, imaginative and and I like the interaction I have with other students at
of course, unconventional. His invention changed the school. If I have a problem with my schoolwork I like to
lives of poor people by providing them with a means to be able to ask the teacher for extra help, or talk to one of
access information and education. my friends. I also enjoy all of the extracurricular activities
they offer at my school.At different times throughout the
Unit 3.4 day, we are offered a variety of activities, including sports,
Exercise 2 (p. 76) art, drama, etc. I like the fact that I can treat school like a
job, it is a place I have to go to in order to do my job and
Andy bought a new flat screen TV for his apartment.
then come home at the end of the day. I do not want one,
Use the remote control to change the channels and
or both, of my parents to be my teacher.There is already
control the volume.
too much room for conflict with a parent; I don’t want to
The laptop has a built-in microphone so you can
make them my educators as well.
record things and talk to people through the Internet.
I have a wireless network that connects me to the
Internet anywhere I go.

39
Answer Section

Unit 3.5 misbehave (verb), miscalculate (verb), misfortune (noun),

Exercise 1 (p. 78) misconduct (noun), misjudge (verb), misplace (verb),
misinformation (noun)
I think the texts are about crime detection. The men in
the picture are Sherlock Holmes who is a detective and
Exercise 7 (p. 78)
a robber stealing things from a house (or possibly a
museum) which is a crime. TV series about crime are popular because people like
to see the bad people caught. They like to see victims
getting justice. Crimes make exciting viewing and people
Exercise 2 (p. 78)
can watch all the excitement without any personal risk.
People commit crimes because they are not responsible
citizens. Possibly they are drug addicts or unemployed I like the way detectives unravel a mystery but I don’t
and they cannot think of any other way to get money. like to see the violence involved in crimes in detail.
Violent crimes are often committed by people who are
mentally disturbed. I think we can make society a safer
Exercise 8 (p. 79)
place if we reduce poverty and have more police on the
streets instead of in cars. Sherlock Holmes, Hercule Poirot, Miss Marple, Phillip
Marlow, Lieutenant Columbo, Inspector Morse, Quincy,
Exercise 5a (p. 78) Adrian Monk, Precious Ramotswe.
• When a person is under arrest in America the
Exercise 9 (p. 79)
police read them the Miranda warning so that they
are fully informed about their rights. The TV series Law & Order is set in New York. The
• The police dog made a full recovery after being series has been running since 1990 and is still immensely
injured. popular.
• Watching criminals being caught on TV keeps it at a As the name suggests it is about the criminal justice
safe distance for viewers. system. The story line focuses on the police who
• Consumers sometimes complain about how big investigate crimes and the prosecution service whose
business operates. role it is to bring criminals to justice.All the crimes take
• Forensics involves the use of state-of-the-art place in New York and they are based on real crimes
science. that have actually taken place.This may well account for
• The evidence collected will be presented in a the series’ on-going success. The crimes themselves
court of law. raise controversial issues of beliefs, morality and race.
• CCTV provides a ready supply of entertaining When a crime has been committed, Detective Lupo and
incidents for TV producers. his assistant investigate.They collect evidence, interview
• The world of organised crime is full of deceit and witnesses and eventually place the suspect(s) under
trickery. arrest. They then pass the case over to the Manhattan
• Police dogs play a vital role in catching criminals. District Attorney's office. The District Attorney, Jack
McCoy and his assistant discuss deals with the parties
Exercise 5b (p. 78) involved, gather witnesses and prepare evidence. When
they have done this, they eventually conduct the case at
numerous – many
trial.
suspects – people believed to be guilty of a crime
The series gives a fascinating insight into the whole
shortage – lack
process, including how both teams work with the
shadowy – dark and mysterious
forensic scientists, medical officers and psychiatrists to
underdog – outsider
establish motive and prove a case. The writers portray
bizarre – very strange
the characters as human and vulnerable for all their
splendour – magnificence
weary cynicism. These are the stories of people
rugged – rough
dedicated to the cause of justice, determined to make
gritty – realistic
the guilty answer for their crimes. Judging by the ratings
thrills – excitement
this is still exactly what the audience want.
Exercise 6 (p. 78)
Unit 3.6
misadventures (noun – para 7)
Exercise 1 (p. 80)
mistreats (verb – para 3)
mistake (noun – para 3) A welfare state is a state where the government makes
provision for the wellbeing of its citizens. There are
various kinds of welfare states from pure socialism to
40
Answer Section

states in which a benefit system protects disadvantaged couldn’t believe my eyes. I was at a loss to know what to
citizens. do, so I called my dad immediately hoping that he would
know how to retrieve my work. He tried to turn the
Exercise 4 (p. 80) computer back on but nothing happened. I just burst
2 You shouldn’t talk to strangers. into tears thinking of all the hard work I had done and
3 You mustn’t walk on the grass. fearing the worst. My dad was great, he put his arm
4 Can I make a phone call? around me and told me not to worry. He rang a friend
5 The race was difficult but in the end she was able of his who is a computer technician and he agreed to
to finish first. come over and look at it. It turned out that it just
6 May I send a fax? needed a new fan and he soon fixed it. Amazingly, most
7 You must wear a helmet when you ride a bike. It’s of my work was still there, all except the last few
the law. paragraphs I had written. It was a huge weight off my
8 Jane should be back soon. shoulders to know I didn’t have to redo it. Ever since
9 Would you like me to help you with the boxes? that time I always save my work regularly when I’m on
10 Sally might have left for Madrid. the computer and I keep a copy on my data key just in
case!
Exercise 5 (p. 81)
Exercise 10 (p. 81)
2 There was heavy traffic so it took us an hour to
get to the airport. that the most serious social problem we must overcome is
3 I had a strong feeling I had met this person famine. It is a crime that in this day and age, we allow
before. people to go hungry.When so many people all around the
4 The man sitting in the library was in deep thought. world have so much, there is no excuse for others to suffer
5 Politicians are use to getting strong criticism. and die from hunger. Together, I believe the developed
6 The forecast predicts heavy rain this weekend. countries of the world could easily repair the damage that
7 She has a strong opinion about that. has been caused in areas such as Africa and India.We have
8 You are going to be in deep trouble when your sat back and watched these places be destroyed by timber
dad gets home. companies, oil companies, wars, etc. and now it is time to
9 She has a strong sense of what is right and wrong. act.We can not sit back any longer and allow millions more
10 My brother is a heavy sleeper; nothing wakes him up. people to suffer.Together we can end famine in the world.

Unit 3.8
Exercise 7 (p. 81)
The problem was a home was burgled. Student A – Task 1 (p. 84)
(See Tapescripts section – Unit 3.8 Speaking Task 1 p. 84)
In the end, the insurance company replaced everything
that was replaceable. However, the woman was very Questions for Student B – Task 1 (p. 84)
upset with the loss of her personal items that were
• There are good and bad points about both large
irreplaceable.
and small families. In a large family, there are more
sentences used: chances of disagreements occurring between family
• I just couldn’t believe my eyes. members . On the other hand, a large family can be
• It was terrible, much worse than I thought it would more supportive. Small families can also have
be. disagreements and then there is no-one else to
• I just couldn’t bear it any longer. turn to.
• It was driving me mad. • I prefer to have a few close friends that I know I can
• It was a huge weight off our shoulders. rely on.
• It took me a long time to come to terms… • The most important quality in a friend is honesty.
• What a nightmare! At least it’s all over now. • I don’t find it easy to make new friends because I
• I should have known better. am rather shy.
• The best way to have a good relationship with your
Exercise 8b (p. 81) family is to keep smiling and not get into extended
I was working on a history project for my course work arguments. I think you should be able to express
portfolio and I had it saved on my computer. Everything your opinions and feelings with family members but
was going well when all of a sudden the computer shut it is important to show respect and love for each
down. I should have known better and saved the latest other too.
part that I had been working on but I hadn’t. I just

41
Answer Section

The speaker says it is normal and healthy to have some g because you know the names of some places where
arguments as long as they don’t get out of control or she can work
happen too often.
Exercise 3 (p. 87)
Task 2 (p. 84)
All the information needed is included and reworded as
(See Tapescripts section – Unit 3.8 Speaking Task 2 p. 84) follows:
• Do you think the Hotel Aphrodite would be a good
The speakers say that designing a poster would be
place for me to stay? – I don’t recommend staying at
popular because they will enjoy the activity and lots of
the Hotel Aphrodite.
them can get involved.
• Do you know of any other places that might be
Student B – Task 1 (p. 85) suitable? – I suggest you try Felix Youth Hostel instead.
(See Tapescripts section – Unit 3.8 Speaking Task 1 p. 85) • I was wondering if I could join as well. –
Unfortunately, the minimum membership requirement
Questions for Student A – Task 1 (p. 85) for my gym is 6 months.
• Do you know of any cafes or restaurants that I could
• I think overall people are healthier now than they work in? – As for working, there are lots of places in the
were in the past in my country. However, I am not town centre that hire extra staff for the summer.
sure if this is true for all countries. If people live in
poverty stricken countries, they cannot afford Exercise 5 (p. 87)
health care.
• The standard of health care in my area is very good Dear Mr Smithers,
and I don’t think it needs any major improvements. Thank you for your email regarding volunteer work
Of course, any health care facilities can always be for the local tennis tournament. It was very kind of you
improved by having more staff and equipment. to remember me. I would certainly be interested in
• Medical science is very important and as much getting involved. However, there are just a few questions
money should be spent on it as possible, in order I would like to ask.
that scientists can carry out research into new You mention ball-fetching on court. I would be keen
diseases and viruses. to volunteer for this activity, but I note there is an age
• The government should spend more on health restriction. Could you tell me how old you have to be to
education. If people were taught how to maintain do this job?
good health, it might prevent health care being As to the required training period, I would like to
needed in many cases. know what the duration is likely to be. Could you also
• I do my best to look after my health by eating please let me know the exact days and hours I would be
sensibly and exercising regularly. I also drink plenty expected to work?
of water which health experts say is good for us. Finally, do you think I would need to be interviewed
before being offered a job? Thanks once again for
The speaker says that health campaigns inform the bringing this opportunity to my attention. I look forward
public about how to look after their health properly. As to hearing from you soon.
a result people learn more about their bodies and what Yours,
they can do to prevent health problems. Malcolm Bennett

Task 2 (p. 85) Unit 3.10

(See Tapescripts section – Unit 3.8 Speaking Task 2 p. 85) Exercise 4 (p. 88)
Dear Sir/Madam,
The speakers think that the visit to the hi-tech factory
I am a member of our local youth centre and, in
will be popular because they enjoy going on trips. They
response to your request, I am writing to nominate Charles
also think that the workshop will be popular because it
is a practical activity as well as being interesting and Adams for the Teenage Personality of the Year Award.
useful to them. I have known Charles Adams for the past five years
and have always found him to be a kind and hard-
Unit 3.9 working person. He actively cares for the elderly and
Exercise 2 (p. 86) the environment and has a track record to prove it. He
recently organised a neighbourhood clean-up and
b because Janet wants a good place to stay and the recycling day in which nearly 100 teenagers took part.
Hotel Aphrodite is not suitable He is also a volunteer at the local old people’s home,
e because Janet would have to join the gym for a where he assists on special outings.As for his weekends
minimum of 6 months
42
Answer Section

and free time, he dedicates them to helping people in his insufficient amount of parks and green spaces.
neighbourhood and caring for the environment. The school’s assembly hall would be put at your
Charles is very interested in local affairs and recently disposal for the talk. Basic equipment which
attended an evening course in community volunteering. includes a hand microphone and overhead
Furthermore, he takes an active interest in environmental projector is available. In the event of your accepting
issues at school and was responsible for introducing and the invitation, could you please inform me of any
organising the School Recycling Scheme. possible extra requirements?
All in all, I feel that Charles Adams is a sterling Would you kindly let me know as soon as possible
example to the teenagers of our community and whether you are able to accept this invitation.
deserves to win the award. Should you require further information, please do
Yours faithfully, not hesitate to contact me.
Jim Harris Yours sincerely,
Marion Gateshill
Exercise 5 (p. 89)
C Hi Rebecca,
A type of task: letter giving news
Great to hear from you! I’m up to my eyes with
style: semi-formal
revision but I’ll be finished this week. As for your
B type of task: letter of invitation
problem, I think I can give you a few helpful tips.
style: formal
You say you want to give up college and study
C type of task: email giving advice
drama full-time but your parents disagree. Have you
style: informal
thought of suggesting a trial year of drama studies
D type of task: letter giving information
to them? If you do this, you won’t be closing any
style: informal
doors. If it doesn’t work out, you can always go
A Dear Mrs Burns, back to college.
I hope you are enjoying visiting your sister. I Congratulations on winning the scholarship! Of
thought you might like to know that everything is course you should tell your parents. This might be
under control here, in case you were becoming the deciding factor in making them change their
anxious about the house. minds. They will realise that you are serious about
I’ve been feeding your cat – one tin of cat food a day, your decision and also how good at acting you must
as you asked, and she seems fine.The pot plants in the be!
sitting room get watered every three days or so and I It’s best not to do anything hasty, though … at least,
make sure I water the garden regularly, once a week. not until you have weighed up all the pros and cons
It’s looking lovely at the moment. carefully. Do let me know what happens.
There is quite a lot of mail and, as some of it might Love,
be important, I shall send it on to you. Is there Sally
anything else that needs doing? The grass has grown
D Dear Harry,
quite long, so perhaps I could mow the lawn. If
Thanks for your letter. I’m very excited about
anything comes to mind, please don’t hesitate to let
my visit to London, too! I can’t wait to meet you.
me know.
My train arrives at the station at 4:30. It’s really kind
I hope you enjoy the rest of your visit.
of you to come and pick me up. Don’t worry about
Kindest regards,
how you will be able to spot me. I’ve got jet black hair
Isabelle Turner
which I wear in a punk style. I’ll also be wearing a yellow
B Dear Mr Selby, anorak and carrying a red holdall bag.
As president of the Blackstone Secondary School I’ve always wanted to visit Brighton and it will be
Committee, I have great pleasure in writing to great to meet your sister. I’d like to bring her a little
invite you to be our guest speaker at the ‘Save the present to thank her for putting me up. What do
Environment’ event the school is planning to hold you think she’d like?
next month. As it’s my first time in London, I definitely want to
The event will be held at Blackstone Secondary visit the Tower of London and Madame Tussauds.
School on Saturday, 3rd March and will consist of Do you think it would be possible to visit
various activities to raise public awareness Shakespeare’s birthplace in Stratford too?
concerning the environment. We would like you to See you very soon,
give a one-hour talk, highlighting problems that Francois
exist locally. One local concern is that of waste
disposal and recycling. Another issue is the
43
Answer Section

Unit 3.11 brave fallen soldiers. In the evening, everyone can enjoy
Exercise 1 (p. 90) the fireworks display.
This important festival was first held on June 24th, 1945.
A There is lively (calypso) music playing and people
Joseph Stalin, the then Supreme-Commander-in-Chief,
are dancing in the streets in brightly coloured
was responsible for the establishment of the military
costumes.There is a happy atmosphere and people
parade and the festival grew to include other events as
are having fun.
the years went by.
B The orchestra is playing a beautiful piece of classical
Unit 3.12
music and the audience are listening intently.As the
piece ends everyone claps their hands before the
Exercise 1 (p. 92)
conductor motions to the orchestra to resume
playing. The scene looks futuristic. The man on the left looks
rather robotic.They could be meeting for the first time
Exercise 2 (p. 90) as they are shaking hands or they could be shaking
hands to agree about something important.
Text A is about the Notting Hill Carnival in London.
Text B is about a musical extravaganza in Russia.
Exercise 2 (p. 92)
Exercise 6 (p. 90) Bailey is surprised when he meets R Daniel Olivaw
because he was expecting to meet a robot that looked
enchanting – delightful
different to the Earth-model robots.
revive – return to life
catchy tunes – memorable music
Exercise 4 (p. 92)
profitable – money-making
maintains – keeps went on – continued
diversity – variety frank – truthful and open
logical – sensible, reasonable
Exercise 7 (p. 91) made their way – travelled, went
keep his voice low – speak quietly
roll call – list
popular myth – untrue story which is widely believed
backdrop – scenery
extravaganza – elaborate performance
renowned – well known Exercise 5 (p. 92)
acclaim – public praise gritting his teeth – was angry without showing it
damp – slightly wet
1 The teacher read out a roll call for Class A. roaming – travelling without a purpose
2 From her hotel room, the sunset made a beautiful scrambled – move quickly and awkwardly
backdrop for the calm sea. adaptable – able to change to suit current conditions
3 News Year’s celebrations included a firework embodied – one thing contained in another
extravaganza.
4 The village is renowned all over the country for He found himself gritting his teeth and trying to be
its orchards. tolerant.
5 The actor won international acclaim for his She washed her hair but it was still damp when she left
flawless performance. for work.
It was amazing to see the lions roaming freely in the
Exercise 8 (p. 91) safari park.
The quote means enjoy what is the same about people There were a lot of people and they scrambled on
while taking pleasure in what makes people unique. board to get a seat.
The material was very adaptable which made it ideal
for the extreme variation in temperatures.
Project (p. 91)
Hope for the country is embodied in our soldiers.
The military parade in Red Square, Moscow is held
every 9th May as part of a festival celebrating Germany’s Exercise 6 (p. 92)
surrender to the Soviet Union in WWII, or the Great
He listened politely as the customer tried to explain
Patriot War as it is called in my country.
the problem.
Apart from the parade, which is accompanied by a
The student’s hand went up automatically to attract
military orchestra made up of 1,100 musicians, there are
the teacher’s attention.
remembrance events in Victory Park to honour Russia’s
44
Answer Section

“I’ve been trying to get it to work all morning without Exercise 4 (p. 94)
success,” she said desperately. devastated – ruined
My mother was understandably anxious when I spelled out – detailed clearly
didn’t get home in time. to the fullest – as much as possible
In order to cope with an emergency it is important to harmful – damaging
remain constantly calm. sanitation – the process of keeping places clean and
healthy
Exercise 7b (p. 93) abuse – cruel and violent treatment
• Baley feels surprised and confused by the fact that he ensuring – making sure
has been talking to R Daneel Olivaw without broke its banks – flooded
knowing it. He is too shocked to say anything. distributed – gave out
• Baley feels embarrassed when they get on the an estimated – approximately
expressway. He was red and swallowed twice engaged – involved
because he thought Daneel couldn’t have a seat on make ends meet – survive financially
the same level as him.
• Baley is angry with himself for not recognising Exercise 5 (p. 94)
Daneel as a robot or guessing that he must have a It has been working since 1946. How is the donated
C-5 rating. money distributed to areas around the world?
• Baley is regretful because he feels he is not the
perfect policeman who should be constantly calm, Project (p. 94)
adaptable and mentally as quick as lightening. Amnesty International is a worldwide movement of
people who campaign for internationally recognised
Exercise 8 (p. 93) human rights to be respected and protected for
Day 1 everyone.
R Daneel Olivaw is quite amazing. He is everything a They have more than 2.2 million members in more than
good policeman should be, constantly calm, adaptable 150 countries and regions and coordinate support to
and mentally quick. act for justice on a wide range of issues.
At first I didn’t even realise he was a robot. In fact I was Their mission is to conduct research and generate
so surprised, I felt confused.The Spacers have created a action to prevent and end grave abuses of human rights
very realistic human looking robot. It is a smart thing to and to demand justice for those whose rights have been
do and I don’t have to worry that he will cause trouble violated.They take action to:
by being an obvious robot in the city, which is a relief. • Stop violence against women
In the beginning I wasn’t happy about having to work • Defend the rights and dignity of those trapped in
with a robot but that has now changed. I am beginning poverty
to enjoy this, I think I can learn from Daneel, he is so • Abolish the death penalty
well programmed. So far so good! • Oppose torture and combat terror with justice
• Free prisoners of conscience
Unit 3.13 • Protect the rights of refugees and migrants
• Regulate the global arms trade
Exercise 1 (p. 94)
The webpage provides specific details regarding human Focus on RNE
rights. Speaking – Task 1 (p. 98)
Exercise 2 (p. 94) I am going to talk about healthy living.
1 What is UNICEF? A healthy lifestyle involves the mind, the body and the
The United Nations Children’s Fund. emotions.When these are in balance we can say we are
2 What does UNICEF do? healthy.
It works hard to protect basic human rights of The factors that contribute to a healthy lifestyle are
children and provides sanitation, education, water diet, exercise, positive thinking and the environment.
and protection from abuse. Fresh air, a healthy diet and exercise are the basic
3 How can I help? requirements and underpin everything else. It is easier
Buy cards or gifts from the unicef website, sign up to have a positive frame of mind if the body is fit and
for their newsletter, make a donation or become a healthy and this in turn contributes to our emotional
volunteer. wellbeing. If we are taught the basics of staying healthy

45
Answer Section

when we are children, it is easier to look after our MODULE 4

health when we are grown up.
To start with, a balanced diet means having at least five Unit 4.1
portions of fruit and vegetables daily as well as whole Exercise 2 (p. 100)
grains.We also need to supply our bodies with a source The animal in the picture is a giant tortoise. I imagine he is
of protein such as meat, fish or eggs on a regular basis. called ‘Lonesome George’ because he lives by himself.
People on a vegetarian diet need to eat soya products,
pulses, legumes, nuts and seeds to ensure they have Exercise 4a (p. 101)
sufficient protein.
1 George is the rarest living creature in the world.
Exercise keeps the heart healthy which in turn means a
2 He failed to take the hint and mate with a female.
good circulation of blood to the muscles and organs of
3 It came as a pleasant surprise when George was
the body. Exercise helps the body get rid of toxins and
discovered in 1971.
keeps the brain healthy too. When we exercise certain
4 He is the star attraction at the research centre.
hormones are released that make us feel good, these are
5 George is still waiting for a suitable match.
called endorphins.
6 The research team compated DNA from
Our environment can also affect our health. If we breath
different giant tortoises.
polluted air, our bodies are put under stress. Clean air is
7 His closest relatives are on the next island.
important to human beings and it is for this reason that
8 Professor Powell will analyse DNA from more
we must all contribute to protecting our environment
tortoises.
by reducing carbon emissions. When we are in a clean,
9 The professor needed to take blood samples
bright environment we feel good. We should therefore
before he could analyse the DNA.
take care of our immediate environment by keeping it
10 The most valuable museum specimens are
clean and attractive. Every person can do something to
usually protected behind glass.
help contribute to healthy living, it just takes a little
effort but the rewards are great.
Exercise 4b (p. 101)
Writing – Part 2 (p. 98) profoundly: very much, deep
officially: formally
Closed circuit television (CCTV) was developed in
roaming: wandering
Germany in 1942 to video the launch of a rocket. In
mating: reproducing
1968 the first CCTV to be used to deter crime was
enclosure: area surrounded by some kind of fence
installed in a town in New York State, USA.Today CCTV
deceased: dead
cameras can be seen in cities and towns all over the
ancestry: parents, grandparents, etc.
world.
pure-bred: both parents from the same subspecies
Many people feel safer knowing the cameras are there
breakthrough: success following a long period of failure
because they assume criminals will not operate if they
random: not following a logical pattern
think they will be caught. If the cameras have not
attempt: try
deterred the crime in the first place, at least there is a
bleak: bad, not likely to get better
chance of justice being done because the video can be
status: position, rank
used as evidence against the criminal.
On the other hand, others think it is an unnecessary
Project (p. 101)
invasion of privacy to be watched while going about
their day to day business.They argue that it has not yet An ecosystem is all the plants and animals of an area
been proven that the cameras actually deter criminals. interacting with each other and the natural
There is also criticism that the quality of the images environment. Everything in an ecosystem depends on
produced by the cameras is so poor, it cannot be used something else and the loss of one thing could destroy
for positive identification after an incident. Furthermore, the entire ecosystem.
they say that CCTV breeds fear and mistrust among It is very important to protect ecosystems because if
communities and this is unhealthy. one collapses or ceases to function it could have
My own opinion is that CCTV has a place in our society. catastrophic effects on the neighbouring ecosystem
I feel safer knowing that someone is able to see what is which could eventually affect the whole planet and
happening on the streets of a city, especially at night. If threaten all of the life on the planet.
you have nothing to hide there is nothing to be
concerned about and I do not feel that CCTV invades
my personal privacy.

46
Answer Section

Unit 4.2 Exercise 4 (p. 102)

A: For a start we could get someone from the local
Exercise 2 (p. 102) newspaper to come down and write a story about
1 living: adjectives beginning with a- usually go in the the problem. I think that many people don’t realise
predicative position (i.e. after the noun), so ‘alive’ what’s happening to the river.
was not a valid option here. B: That’s a good idea. Why don’t we print a few
2 share: if sth is in common, it is shared not split. posters as well. Posters are a great way to get the
‘Split’ suggests that each person takes a piece for message across.
himself. ‘Share’ implies that each person has access A: We could hand out fliers, too.
to the whole. B: Do you think that would work? Usually people
3 related: means coming from the same family; throw fliers in the bin without having read them.
associated just states that there is some kind of A: Perhaps you’re right. Do you think we should hold a
connection. demonstration outside the factory instead? That’s
4 passed: means ‘transferred’ and this is the correct bound to get us some publicity.
word to describe this process. B: Brilliant! Now you’re talking! We’ll have that river
5 successive: both ‘successive’ and ‘consecutive’ cleaned up in no time at all.
mean following in a sequence with interruption.
‘Consecutive’ is used more often with dates, events Exercise 7 (p. 103)
and numbers e.g. consecutive days. ‘Successive’ 2 ... you have a reservation can you eat at this
contains a suggestion of replacement e.g. successive restaurant.
governments. 3 ... once did she speak all evening.
6 survival: ‘survival’ is continuing to live in the face 4 ... it get any warmer, we’ll turn on the air-
of challenges; ‘existence’ merely requires that conditioning.
something is present: it does not have to be alive. 5 ... did he know that we had planned a surprise party
Rocks, x-rays and dead animals all exist. for him!
7 inherited: An ‘inherited’ trait is a characteristic 6 ... you come to the party, you would have enjoyed it.
which you share with a parent or grandparent and 7 ... no circumstances will Kim forgive him.
you were born with. Objects which are not taken 8 .. sooner had she left than the phone rang.
are ‘left’.
8 natural: If sth is selected naturally, it is done Unit 4.3
without any interference by man. ‘Physical’ is the
Exercise 1 (p. 104)
opposite of mental and makes no sense in this
context. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune make up the eight planets of the solar system.
1 Lonesome George is alive and well on the island of Mercury is closest to the sun and Neptune is furthest
Pinta. away. Pluto was once known as the furthest planet but it
2 The ninety minute test is split into two halves of has recently been reclassified as a dwarf planet. Stars are
forty-five minutes each. massive balls of ionised gas. A planet is an object large
3 Summer is always associated with long school enough to have become round through the force of its
holidays. own gravity.
4 He offered me a lift home.
5 Arsenal started the season with ten consecutive Exercise 3 (p. 104)
victories. The quotation is about humans having to leave Earth
6 The existence of water on Mars suggests that the one day and the title of the text has a similar meaning.
planet may once have supported life. ‘To boldly go where no one has gone before’ is a
7 When I got to the airport, I realised I had left my reference to the TV series Star Trek and the professor
passport at home. suggests that we will have to head out into space to find
8 After birth, there is no longer a physical bond a new home.
between mother and child.
Exercise 5 (p. 104)
Exercise 3 (p. 102) captivated – attracted
They are talking about the problem of stray dogs and ultimate – last
cats. They decided to approach the local animal shelter wiped out – destroyed
and the RSPCA and volunteer to help. larder – large cupboard/room to keep food
orbiting – circling
47
Answer Section

proposed – suggested Exercise 9 (p. 105)

sustain – maintain Space colonisation is moving to and living on other
waste away – become extremely weak planets. Many people are excited by the idea of
burden – strain colonising space. They imagine the wonders that are
wring – hold together and twist waiting to be discovered. Others feel that we should
consider moving to other planets because, one day, we
Exercise 6 (p. 105) will run out of resources on Earth.
• Homo sapiens as a species has only been around for Whilst I agree that the Earth’s resources are being used
a short time compared to other species such as sharks. up rapidly, I do not believe that money should be spent
• Some people believe that we will have to colonise on space colonisation. Instead, we must invest in
space once we exhaust the Earth’s resources. renewable energy so that we no longer use up the
• The Earth’s resources are things we take for Earth’s resources. Furthermore, helping the world’s
granted. poor is far more urgent than building a base on the
• Seeing how factories empty their waste into our moon.
rivers makes me want to wring my hands in
despair. Unit 4.4
• The ultimate move for any footballer is to play
for Real Madrid. Exercise 4 (p. 106)
• The planet is rapidly running out of gas and coal 2 Was it you who took the dog for a walk?
supplies but, fortunately, there are a number of 3 A holiday is what you need.
alternative solutions. 4 It was Grace who won the competition.
• He saw his role on the TV show as a stepping 5 It is Kate who deserves the highest mark.
stone to a film career. 6 Why is it that you always drive so fast?
• With rising sea levels caused by global warming, 7 It was him/he who paid her rent for her.
anyone whose home is at sea level is living on 8 Is it Derek you are upset with?/Is it Derek with
borrowed time. whom you are upset?
• We take instant communications for granted
now we have mobile phones and the Internet. Exercise 5 (p. 107)
• The forest fires have turned parts of the A: One of the main advantages of living in a city is that
countryside into a barren wasteland. there is convenient public transport so you can get
• As global temperatures rise, there is an increasing around easily.
risk that the Arctic will melt completely. B: You’ve got a point, but I find cities have high
pollution levels and the pace of life there is so fast
Exercise 8 (p. 105) and stressful.
1 According to the text, people should start thinking A: That’s true, but living in the countryside can make
seriously about creating space colonies because life you feel quite isolated. There are poor
on Earth could be wiped out by a disaster such as entertainment facilities and poor transport links.
global warming or a genetically engineered virus. B: I suppose you’re right, but I think communities are
Also, we are quickly using up the Earth’s resources. more close-knit in the countryside. People are
Oil, coal and gas will run out soon. friendlier.
2 Firstly, space colonisation would be very expensive. A: One important thing about living in a city is that
With so much poverty in the world, the money you are always close to hospitals and schools, etc.
might be better spent improving people’s lives here B: I’m not sure I agree with that.You may be closer to
on Earth. Secondly, the technology required to amenities in a city, but it can take you hours to
enable us to leave the planet does not yet exist. reach them if there is heavy traffic. Roads in the
Until now, we have only managed to put a handful countryside are always clear.
of people into space. Finally, the distances involved A: That’s true. In the end, I suppose it just comes
are too great. It would take 100,000 years to reach down to what kind of lifestyle you prefer: relaxed
the nearest planet. or busy.
3 The author means that mankind has overcome
many difficulties throughout its history and is still Exercise 8 (p. 107)
thriving. Mike is against space exploration. He says that the
money spent could be better used to tackle problems
such as poverty, poor housing and inadequate
healthcare.
48
Answer Section

Sally, on the other hand, is in favour of space hive – a structure housing bees
exploration. She argues that money spent on such interference – disruption
projects finds its way into the economy through people’s ensure – make sure of
salaries. She also says that the cost of the space lobby – a protest group
programme is tiny when compared to other areas of cultivating – growing
government spending such as social programmes. migrating – moving/travelling
isolated – cut off
Exercise 9 (p. 107) vulnerable – sensitive
Space exploration is an exciting subject. We know so impoverished – extremely poor
much about the Earth, but almost nothing about the antiseptic – preventing infection
universe. It is possible that there are habitable planets or
even alien life-forms out there and it is natural for us to Exercise 5 (p. 108)
want to discover them. 1 Following the drought, there was widespread crop
failure.
However, space travel is expensive and not strictly
2 Scientific knowledge has led to the possibility of
necessary. There are many other things that the money
disease free crops.
could be spent on, such as hospitals and schools.
3 New viruses may be the cause of mysterious
Perhaps we need to concentrate on making life better
diseases.
here on Earth, before we travel to other planets.
4 There are many natural remedies that can be used
along with conventional medicine.
Unit 4.5
5 Over the years new technology has influenced
Exercise 1 (p. 108) farming methods.
I think genetically modified foods are produced to 6 A fully grown tiger is a powerful animal.
provide people with more and cheaper food.
Exercise 7 (p. 109)
A: One of the advantages of GM foods is that the crops In my opinion, GM foods are unnecessary. I think
can be protected from disease in this way. If more farmers should promote natural food. Furthermore, I do
crops survive, the price can be kept down. not like the idea of eating genetically modified food. I
B: I have also heard that another reason for growing don’t think we know enough about the long term effects
GM food is because the producers want to be able of eating this food. My father grows his own vegetables
to successfully grow crops that have a high and fruit in the garden and the taste of natural,
nutritional value. An example of this is rice, which is organically grown fruit and vegetables is so much better
the staple diet of many people all over the world than anything else. The more scientists interfere with
who live in poverty. the ways of nature, the worse the overall picture is.
A: These are advantages of GM foods but there are also
disadvantages. It is a very controversial subject. Many Project (p. 109)
people do not want to have natural products Siberian tigers live mainly in eastern Russia although
interfered with by scientists.They say the effects are there are some in China and North Korea.
unknown. No two tigers have the same markings.Their coats help
B: Yes, it’s certainly a very unnatural process and when to camouflage them when they are hunting. They wait
man interferes with the ways of nature, it can have patiently and move slowly closer to their prey until
unforeseen consequences because the balance of close enough to spring and attack. If it is very hungry the
nature is very delicate. tiger can eat as much as 27 kg of meat in one night.
Exercise 2 (p. 108) Unit 4.6
The texts that mention GM foods are texts 1, 2 and 4.
Exercise 5 (p. 110)
Text 3 is about the Amur tiger.
Text 5 is about the relationship between the Caspian countable: cake, sugar, chocolate, cola, chips, yoghurt
tiger and the Siberian tiger. • I’ll need two cakes for the twins’ birthday.
Text 6 is about potatoes. • How many sugars do you want in your tea?
Text 7 is about honey. • Sally ate the last two chocolates in the box.
• I’ll have two cheeseburgers, chips and two colas,
Exercise 4 (p. 108) please.
conference – a large meeting • I’ve already eaten three yoghurts this week.
distribution – delivery
49
Answer Section

uncountable: bread, milk, cake, sugar, chocolate, cola, The speakers found it difficult to choose between the
jam, yoghurt visit to the Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory and the
talk by a cosmonaut on space travel. They agreed that
• We’ll need some bread for the sandwiches.
the trip to the observatory would be very popular,
• There isn’t much milk in the carton. exciting and educational, but they also thought the talk
• Would you like some cake? by a cosmonaut would be exciting.
• Tom doesn’t like too much sugar in his coffee.
• She bought some chocolate at the supermarket. Student B – Task 1 (p. 115)
• How much cola do we have in the fridge? (See Tapescripts section – Unit 4.8 Speaking Task 1 p. 115)
• Bob spilt some jam on the tablecloth.
• This recipe requires cucumber, garlic and some Questions for Student A – Task 1 (p. 115)
yoghurt.
• The quality of life could be improved for people
both: cake, sugar, chocolate, cola, yoghurt living in cities if traffic pollution was reduced and
there was more greenery.
Exercise 8 (p. 111) • The best way to enjoy living in a city is to make the
The dialogue takes place in a restaurant. They chose to most of all the wonderful facilities around you.
eat there because it’s one speaker’s favourite restaurant. • The worst aspect of living in the countryside is
The first friend has soup and pasta, the second a green being far away from hospitals. If there is a medical
salad and pizza.They both decide to drink Coke. emergency, it can take a long time to get help.
• Yes, they could. The Internet could help with both
Exercise 9 (p. 111) education and career opportunities without the
A: Have you decided yet? need to travel into the city.
B: Yes, I’ll have steak and chips.And you?
A: I think I’ll have the fish soup. The speaker thinks that living in the countryside could
B: That sounds like a good choice. What about be difficult because people are not paid as well for their
work. It is necessary to travel quite a long way to see a
something to drink?
doctor or do the shopping. Sometimes people feel
A: I’d like a mineral water. Would you like to share a
isolated and lonely in the countryside.There aren’t many
bottle? places to go out. The public transport system isn’t very
B: No, thanks. I’d prefer a cola. good so you have to have a car.
Unit 4.8 Task 2 (p. 115)
Student A – Task 1 (p. 114) (See Tapescripts section – Unit 4.8 Speaking Task 2 p. 115)
(See Tapescripts section – Unit 4.8 Speaking Task 1 p. 114)
The speakers think that the activities that would be
Questions for Student B – Task 1 (p. 114) popular are designing a poster and planting trees.
• It is difficult to say if the animals in zoos are happy. If Unit 4.9
they are receiving good care and they are healthy, Exercise 3 (p. 117)
then I would think this is evidence that they are 1 Education – the entire quote.
happy. 2 Friendship – the quotation gives a description of
• Yes, there should. If there were more zoos, then what friendship ought to be.
more animals could be protected. 3 Media – the word ‘advertising’ in the quotation
• When I visit a zoo, what I enjoy most is getting relates to the topic of media.
close to the animals and observing them. We can 4 Literature – the quotation mentions words, writing
see animals on television, but it isn’t the same. and books.
• I think if zoos were bigger and they gave the animals 5 Feelings – the quotation mentions the senses of
more room to live in, zoos would be much better. seeing and touching and the importance of feeling
with the heart.
The speaker enjoys visiting zoos because they are
enjoyable and educational. It is the only way they would
Unit 4.10
get to see the animals. Also, the work done in zoos to
protect animals is very important. Exercise 2 (p. 118)
list points: To start with
Task 2 (p. 114) conclude: To conclude
(See Tapescripts section – Unit 4.8 Speaking Task 2 p. 114) introduce examples: for example

50
Answer Section

add points: In addition to this, Moreover Exercise 5 (p. 120)

make contrasting points: On the other hand • introduce/list advantages
To start with ➝ To begin with
To start with ➝ To begin with Secondly ➝ Many people argue
Moreover ➝ Furthermore Finally ➝ In addition
To conclude ➝ To sum up
• introduce/list disadvantages
for example ➝ for instance
Firstly ➝ The main disadvantage
In addition to this ➝ A further point is that
Secondly ➝ Furthermore
On the other hand ➝ However
• add points
Exercise 4 (p. 119) In addition ➝ Moreover
The writer of Model A has started his essay with a • show contrast
quotation and a rhetorical question. He has ended by However ➝ Nonetheless
summarising the essay. On the other hand ➝ Nevertheless
• conclude
Introduction: Many people feel that giving money to Overall ➝ To sum up
the homeless in the streets is not worthwhile. Some
believe that it does little to help the long-term problem Exercise 7 (p. 121)
of homelessness. What would you do if you passed a
1 Some people argue that using your mobile phone in
person begging for money? Would you put your hands in
public places is not appropriate because it disturbs
your pocket to spare some change or just walk by?
others.Also, people would use their mobile phones
(objective statement, address the reader directly)
less and this would have health benefits.
Conclusion: Giving money to homeless charities, it 2 The main drawback is that they would only be
seems, is a more reliable way of dealing with the programmed to do limited things, such as give
problem of homelessness. So next time someone asks homework and mark students’ work. If a student
you for money on the street, think carefully about needed some personal assistance or extra help, a
where your money will go. robot would probably not know how to react in
(give the reader something to consider) these situations.
3 Firstly, the family as a whole would be more
Unit 4.11 financially secure and there would be less concern
Exercise 1 (p. 120) about paying bills and so on. In addition to this, they
1 the advantages and disadvantages of having a gap could afford to do exciting things together during
year between leaving school and starting university their holiday breaks.
2 a teacher
3 advantages: opportunity to travel, earn money, Exercise 8 (p. 121)
get work/life experience, learn new skills, take a There are a number of advantages to owning a car.
break from studying, build confidence, broaden Firstly, travelling by car can help you stay safe.You do not
mind have to worry about getting home safely on foot or by
disadvantages: get distracted from studying, delay public transport, especially late at night. Secondly, having
in starting a career, fall behind peers your own car gives you freedom as you do not have to
4 formal or semi-formal be limited to public transport routes and timetables.

Exercise 4 (p. 120) On the other hand, there are also some disadvantages
para. 2 – topic sentence: There are a number of to consider. One argument against owning your own car
advantages to taking a gap year. is that driving can be very stressful. For instance, being
alternative: Taking a gap year has some obvious caught in a traffic jam can be annoying and time-
advantages. consuming. Moreover, it’s expensive to run a car. For
example, petrol costs rise frequently and insurance, road
para. 3 – topic sentence: On the other hand, there tax and repair costs are considerable.
are also some disadvantages to taking a year off
studying. Exercise 9 (p. 121)
alternative: However, taking a year off studying has Along with pencils, pens and erasers, many
some disadvantages. schoolchildren are now heading into the classroom with
laptops.Technology has always had an important place in

51
Answer Section

the classroom, but it now seems that we are facing inhospitable terrains – harsh or hostile
significant changes in the way that children are taught. environments
There is a real possibility that in the future books in the feat – accomplishment
classroom will be replaced with computers and laptops. higher-yielding – producing a larger amount
Learning from laptops or computers has obvious starvation – a state of extreme hunger
advantages. Firstly, schoolchildren would only bring one
thing to the classroom – their laptop. They wouldn’t Exercise 5 (p. 123)
have to carry a huge bag full of books and this would
If many of the world’s plant species were to become
reduce the chances of losing or forgetting a piece of
extinct, the world would be in serious danger.
work. Secondly, work can be done online. The teacher
Biodiversity is necessary; it is a complex system of
can set tasks for the class and it can be returned
interdependence in which all living things play a part and
through the Internet. Students that are absent can be
it is our own life support system. When plant species
sent work they have missed so they can keep up to date
disappear, it can affect insects, including bees and
with their studies.
butterflies, that may depend on them and they may also
However, replacing books with computers also has
become extinct. Some plants have beneficial medicinal
disadvantages.To begin with, there are computer viruses.
properties and we may be losing valuable sources of
If a computer crashes, lots of work could be lost and
medicines. At the very least, the appearance of our
have to be redone. Also, the Internet is not the most
countryside would be affected.
reliable source of information. Not all schoolchildren
will check their facts and this could cause serious
Project (p. 123)
problems when writing projects.
Overall, there are both advantages and disadvantages to There are many plants that are only found in Russia. In
replacing books with computers. Perhaps, the best particular, the area around Lake Baikal is rich in plant life
solution is to use both. Modern times may call for that cannot be found elsewhere. One of these species is
modern methods, but it’s worth remembering that Pinguicula Variegata. This species of plant has sticky
books have been around for many years and will leaves that allow it to catch and eat insects.
hopefully be around for many years to come. Some plants are believed to have medicinal properties
and are used as alternatives to conventional medicine. St
Unit 4.12 John’s Wort is used for a variety of health problems
including upset stomachs and colds. Nettles are used to
Exercise 1 (p. 122) stop bleeding and also for the treatment of hair loss.
I think the articles are about plants and seeds. A seed Flowers are very important for Russians. There are
bank is a place where seeds are stored when they have many occasions celebrated with a bouquet and one of
been collected from different plants. I think the articles the most popular is 8th March,Women’s Day. Every year
will explain how and why this is done. I think seed banks on this day, men will give flowers and gifts to the women
are important because if disease or disaster ever they know.
eradicates a species of plant, the seeds can be used to Conservation of plant life is taken very seriously in
grow it again.The seeds in the seed bank will ensure the Russia. Zapovedniks, protected areas of land, have
survival of the plants on earth. existed for over one hundred years.They were set up to
conserve the ecology of a particular region and there
Exercise 3 (p. 123) are over 100 in existence today.
A ecosystems – plants and animals and the relationships
between them and the place they exist in Unit 4.13
drought – long period without rain Exercise 1 (p. 124)
exploitation – misuse
The men have travelled to the jungle. They might be
habitats – natural homes
looking for the ‘lost world’ of the title. If I could travel
insure against – protect against sth unpleasant
anywhere, to any period of history, I would travel to
germinating – starting the growing process
ancient Rome to see the Coliseum and the gladiators
reintroduce – restore sth that existed before
that fought there. I find this period of history very
B parasite – an organism living on another plant or interesting.
animal
geneticist – a scientist in the field of genetics Exercise 4 (p. 124)
repository – a place of storage hideous – disgustingly ugly
scouring – searching thoroughly in an instant – suddenly, immediately

52
Answer Section

we could not afford to linger – it wasn’t safe to stay Exercise 8 (p. 125)
there Dear James,
make for – go in the direction of, attempt to reach I can’t tell you how glad I am to be home after my
mean mischief – intend to cause harm / damage experience in the jungle.
struck – hit, attacked As you know, I was part of Professor Challenger’s
expedition. We had been travelling for some days when
Exercise 5 (p. 124) we came across a pit full of what looked like
entranced: unable to stop doing sth or watching pterodactyls. The small was awful. We were watching
someone/sth because it is so amazing/beautiful them from behind some rocks when Challenger stuck
stagnant: not flowing and bad smelling his head out. The brutes saw him and flew off. Or at
bent on: determined to least, I thought they were flying off. They started
brutes: especially large animals attacking us and making a frightening scream at the same
prod: to push with a pointed object time. We ran towards the woods with the monsters
staggered: moved with lack of balance following. Some of us were hurt, but not seriously.
At the time, I was terrified, but now I’m safe at home, I
He was entranced by her stunning voice. realise what an incredible adventure it all was.
The water in the pond was stagnant and no fish could Kind regards,
survive there. Edward
She’s bent on getting a promotion as soon as possible.
At the running of the bulls, the brutes injured several Unit 4.14
young men. Exercise 1 (p. 126)
I gave the potatoes a prod with a fork to see if they
1 Are deserts always hot? (not answered in text)
were ready.
2 Does it ever rain in a desert? (Yes, although rainfall
Emma staggered and almost fell over.
levels are dropping.)
3 Why do deserts form? (Trees are cut down, soil
Exercise 6b (p. 124)
erodes away and sand dunes spread.)
At first, the men find the pterodactyl nest. Lord John is
the first to see it and he signals to everyone to stop. Exercise 3 (p. 126)
They all look at it, but Challenger brings the pterodactyls’
fragile – easily damaged
attention to them by putting his head over the rock.
under threat – in danger
Seeing Challenger, the pterodactyls take off, fly around
struggle – work/try hard under difficult circumstances
and surround the men.
reserves – supplies
Lord John warns the men that the pterodactyls intend
expanding – getting bigger
to harm them and he advises them to go towards the
alarming – shocking
woods.
erode – wear away
As soon as the men begin to move, the pterodactyls
slowly but surely – gradually
attack them. Summerlee is hurt and then Challenger falls
entire – whole
over. Then Lord John hits one of the pterodactyls with
uninhabitable – not fit for living in
his stick, injuring it.This makes the other pterodactyls fly
flee – escape
higher and gives the men the opportunity to run to the
irreversible – final
woods.
When the men reached the woods the pterodactyls
Exercise 4 (p. 126)
tried again to attack them but fortunately, once they
were in between the trees, the men were protected • Deserts are important because thousands of useful
because the pterodactyls didn’t have enough room there animal and plant species live there.
to move their wings. The men made their way home • They are being affected by climate change because
through the trees. they are getting hotter and drier.
• Deserts are getting bigger because there are more
Exercise 7b (p. 125) people living on the edges of deserts. Land becomes
unusable and trees are cut down so that the soil
The pterodactyls are enormous, tall, grey creatures.
erodes.
Their appearance is withered and quite hideous. They
• In the future, more parts of the world could turn
have huge, leathery wings, long necks and fierce beaks.
into deserts.
• We can use less energy to help stop global warming
and plant trees to stop erosion in desert areas.

53
Answer Section

Project (p. 126) A: That’s very true. I’m a little bit uncertain about this
There are several things we can do to slow down option though, because it might be a bit too
global warming and they all involve one thing – using less adventurous for some people. Not everyone is a
energy! good swimmer and some are even afraid of extreme
Most of our energy still comes from the burning of sports.
fossil fuels which are the major cause of global warming. B: OK. What about the mountain trekking then? That’s
So, until we find practical alternatives, we all have a not an extreme sport, but it is still challenging and
responsibility to use as little energy as possible. Here are more exciting than just camping. All that lovely
three things we can all do – it just takes a little thought. mountain air would be healthy and we can arrange to
stay overnight in a youth hostel if we go for the
1 Replace your light bulbs with the new low energy weekend.
type and switch off lights when they are not A: That sounds great. However, we must consider the
needed. Ordinary light bulbs are very inefficient as last option too. It’s also a water sport but sailing on a
most of the energy they use is converted into heat. lake is not quite the same as white-water rafting, is it?
Low energy bulbs last longer, too! B: No, it isn’t. I think this is a good choice. A lake is a
2 Got air conditioning? Then close the windows! Air calm, protected area of water and that can be
conditioning consumes a lot of energy, but if you reassuring to anyone who is a little bit nervous about
must use it, make sure all that energy does not go water sports.
out the window! Insulating your home will also save A: Well, it seems we agree on this one and also the
energy and reduce your fuel bills as well. mountain trekking. I still think that the camping trip
3 Recycling as much as you can and not buying things would be really relaxing after a long hard year of
that have a lot of packaging will also save energy. A lessons and final exams though. Don’t you agree?
lot of energy goes into making the packaging for B: Yes, I agree with that, but of all the options, for me,
the things we buy in supermarkets, and when we the mountain trekking is the best one. It would also
get home we just throw the packaging away! It is far be good to get some exercise after all those long
better to buy fruit and vegetables which do not hours of studying.
come on a little tray wrapped in plastic. A: That’s a very good point. I agree with you. OK, let’s
Saving energy and avoiding waste is good for the choose the mountain trekking.
planet and it is good for your pocket as well! B: Yes. I’m sure everyone will enjoy that.

Focus on RNE Writing – Part 1 (p. 130)

Use of English – Part 1 (p. 129) Dear Natalie,
1 left 5 would be Thank you for your letter. It is a surprise to learn that
2 had done 6 have been looking young people in the UK travel when they finish
3 will book 7 sank university.
4 hadn’t eaten It is not the same in Russia. Here most young people are
encouraged to get a job straight after university. I think
students might forget about their studies if they travel
Use of English – Part 2 (p. 129)
before settling down to their careers. On the other
1 impressive 4 extraordinary hand, maybe it broadens their education. I suppose the
2 explorers 5 depth best thing about travelling would be to have the
3 international 6 heroism opportunity to see other places and experience other
cultures before settling down to a career.
Speaking – Task 2 (p. 130) I hope you had a wonderful time at your birthday party.
A: All the options for the senior year’s school leaving How many people came? What did you prepare for
trip sound great. I think we’ve got a difficult task to them? What time did it all end?
choose just one. Let’s start with camping in a pine Please write soon and tell me all about the party.
forest. I can just imagine the smell of the pine trees. It
Best wishes,
would definitely be relaxing.
Anna
B: I agree with that, but camping can also be
uncomfortable and some people are rather nervous
about sleeping in a flimsy tent when it’s dark outside.
How about something more adventurous? Now
white-water rafting would provide a challenge and I
think it would be exciting.
54
Answer Section

MODULE 5 Exercise 5 (p. 133)

dismal: depressing and gloomy
Unit 5.1
bounded: moving quickly with large strides or leaps
Exercise 1 (p. 132) cosy: comfortable/friendly
A: Hello! You’re new, aren’t you? What’s your name? dragged by: (time) passed slowly without interest
B: George.And you? sneer: a facial expression with a look of derision
A: I’m Jenny. Pleased to meet you George. Where are dumbfounded: astonished, stunned
you from? trudged: walked slowly and heavily (due to tiredness
B: I’m from Manchester but I moved here to London or unhappiness)
two weeks ago. grim: extremely unpleasant
A: Where do you live? enraged: made very angry
B: In Duke Street. beaming: having a huge smile on one’s face
A: That’s a nice area! Have you got any brothers and sinking: losing hope
sisters? utter: complete, absolute
B: Yes one brother. flung: threw sth with force
A: How old is he? stomped: walked with heavy, angry steps
B: Fourteen.
alternative heading: Fitting in
A: How do you get to school?
B: I walk. It only takes fifteen minutes.
Exercise 6 (p. 133)
A: Which class are you in next?
B: I have chemistry. 1 The first period of time after coming back to
A: Me too. Let’s go together. England was not especially hopeful.
2 would immediately become fond of my great
Exercise 2 (p. 132) character
3 to feel like you belong
The first phrases are about the weather and then about
4 only to realise no-one cares
a promising introduction, a shock and making new
friends. So, I think it might be describing a day when
Exercise 7 (p. 133)
something is happening for the first time. From the next
phrases I gather that it is taking place at school, where There was a new boy at school today and I felt so sorry
groups of teenagers are enjoying themselves.The mood for him. I noticed him before we entered the class. He had
changes with the mention of a group of boys. I think the a look of uncertainty but didn’t seem particularly
writer felt shy and unwelcome. I assume the text is uncomfortable. At first, I thought he would fit in just fine
about the first day in a new school when it is hard to in our class. He approached a group of boys from class
feel accepted. though, and then his day must have become a nightmare.
I’m not sure what they said to him but he was clearly
Exercise 4 (p. 133) upset. He didn’t say anything during the rest of the class
and stormed out at the end. I felt a little guilty, so I chased
1 It was cold dull day with leaden skies and a chill
after him and gave him some advice about how to fit in. I
wind.
am just glad I wasn’t in his shoes!
2 I was sure my sparkling personality would allow
me to make friends easily.
Exercise 8 (p. 133)
3 If you look at life through rose-tinted glasses,
things always seem better than they really are. Dear Diary,
4 All the popular kids at school are wearing the Today was my first day back at school in England. It was
latest trainers. such an awful day and some of the other kids were
5 They all seemed comfortable there and had an air unbelievably mean. I haven’t done anything to harm
of belonging. them. I tried to approach some kids and they just
6 He swallowed his pride and approached the boys insulted me because of what I was wearing. I can’t bear
for help. thinking about what tomorrow will be like if things don’t
7 He was anticipating a bright new future at the change. I am so angry! Sometimes, life doesn’t seem fair
school and couldn’t wait to make new friends. at all. I really hope I can start making new friends and
8 He was made to feel welcome in their home. settle in.
9 He took a deep breath and tried to compose
himself, so he wouldn’t feel so angry.
10 He was so frustrated he ran to his room and
slammed the door shut.
55
Answer Section

Unit 5.2 4 a storm in a teacup: making a lot of fuss about

something not very important
Exercise 1 (p. 134) 5 for a rainy day: for a time in the future when you
hot sunny, heatwave, drought may need some money
cold frost, snow, ice, hail Exercise 7 (p. 135)
windy gust, gale, storm, cyclone, hurricane 1 I always check the exam answers before I hand
misty fog, smog in my paper.
wet drizzle, rain, snow, hail, downpour, monsoon, 2 Make sure you control your dog on the street.
flood 3 Always check the information you’re given to
make sure it’s correct.
4 We should all try to control our tempers.
In Moscow, the summers are warm and sunny.
5 Good behaviour means controlling your actions
Sometimes it can be very hot but it can also rain quite a
especially in public.
bit, too. We have long very cold winters.It snows from
November to March and the ground is covered in snow
Exercise 10 (p. 135)
and ice all winter.
B It must be very hot. He may be an explorer.
Exercise 3 (p. 134) C They must be on holiday. It can’t be winter
• The dialogue takes place in a work place/office.
Unit 5.3
• They are talking about the bad experiences one of
them had while on holiday such as being too close Exercise 2 (p. 136)
to noisy clubs, terrible food, and a partner/friend A: I think people travel to experience the local customs
being ill. and cultures of other countries.
• The person who went on holiday feels exhausted B: I agree. Many people travel for this reason but I also
and the other person feels sympathy for her. believe that people travel to look for work. It can be
interesting to work in another country as well.
Exercise 4 (p. 134) A: Yes you’re right. Perhaps it can be a combination of
A: What a dreadful weekend we had! It was the first the reasons but if I were to travel it would be to visit
trip we’ve taken this summer and it didn’t stop family. I have many cousins in Canada who I haven’t
raining. seen for years.
B: That’s a shame.The weather had been so nice up till B: That’s a very good reason to go somewhere. I think I
then. would travel to see the magnificent pyramids in
A: I know. I was really looking forward to getting away Egypt or other famous landmarks.
for a while. To make matters worse, the hotel we A: Yeah. Me, too.
stayed was flooded and our bags were soaked. We
had left them on the bed but the cleaners put them Exercise 3 (p. 136)
on the floor which became covered in water. How did Frans Lanting start as a photographer? He
B: I’m so sorry. Did you manage to find other clothes? taught himself.
A: Actually, we asked the manager if he could dry our Where has Frans Lanting travelled to in the world?
clothes in the hotel laundry.They could at least have Amazon,Andes, Peru, Zaire etc.
done this for us considering it was the cleaners who What kind of photographs does he like to take?
put the bags on the floor. But they wouldn’t allow it – Close-ups of wildlife.
they said that the laundry was only for hotel use.
B: Oh, dear.Well, I wouldn’t go back there if I were you. Exercise 5 (p. 137)
It’s such a pity about your weekend. 1 I love taking pictures of animals and want to
become a wildlife photographer.
Exercise 5 (p. 134) 2 This rare plant can only be found deep in the
1 soaked to the skin: clothes being so wet that forests of Madagascar.
even your body gets wet; drenched 3 When the storm began we took shelter under the
2 in all weathers: regularly, whether the weather is tree canopy.
good or bad 4 They cleared a space on the jungle floor to set up
camp for the night.
3 under the weather: feeling ill
5 His work has stimulated awareness of the
(best describes the picture)
campaign to save the rainforests.
56
Answer Section

6 The jungle is home to diverse wildlife and many Exercise 9 (p. 137)
varieties of plant species. My name is Frans Lanting. I am a wildlife photographer who
7 There is an annual gathering of wildlife loves to travel the world and see the most fascinating
photographers in September. things that nature has to offer. I am extremely lucky to be
8 With his experience, he is the ideal person to take doing a job that I love so much.As well as taking pictures of
on the project. spectacular landscapes and endangered animals, I am
9 It is intensely humid in the tropical forest. actively involved in promoting conservation of natural
10 His work has played a significant role in wildlife habitats and animal species.After all, if this beauty of nature
conservation. wasn’t there I wouldn’t have a job and I wouldn’t have the
11 Dad took some great holiday snapshots on our passion that I have for photography. I would encourage all
trip to Rome. of you to take a look around you at times and appreciate
12 The minister’s personal involvement in the that we are surrounded by wildlife everywhere.When you
campaign helped make it a success. do this, you begin to appreciate why we must do everything
we can to preserve the planet as it is.
Exercise 6 (p. 137)
substantially: significantly Exercise 10 (p. 137)
gathering: the coming together of a group of people A wildlife photographer should be determined because
or animals they may have to go to great lengths to get a shot.They
haul: to move sth heavy using a lot of effort should also be patient because they may have to wait for
erecting: building, constructing hours for the ideal shot. They should also be
focus: to adjust a camera lens to see clearly through it adventurous because they probably have to travel to
stung: to have a sharp part of an insect pierce your skin many exotic locations.
portray: to represent sth in a certain way
prompted: encouraged Unit 5.4
attitude: the way you feel about sth
Exercise 3 (p. 138)
envisaged: imagined
tremendous: great, immense They decide to go to a Greek island.
pursuit: search They decided to go there because it will have everything
bound for: on the way to they want: beaches, culture and nightlife.They wanted an
alternative title: The World’s Greatest Wildlife option where they could be near the beach and do some
Photographer sightseeing, too.

Exercise 7 (p. 137) Exercise 4 (p. 138)

• Frans is enthusiastic about his work. He seems glad A: Let’s go on a trip to Paris, shall we?
to have made a career as a wildlife photographer B: I’d love to, but I’ve been to Paris twice already.
and is proud to be raising awareness of wildlife A: How about Berlin? You’ve never been there before,
conservation. have you?
• He has to cover great distances, carrying heavy B: It does sound interesting, but I don’t know anything
equipment, while enduring extreme weather about Berlin.
conditions and nasty insects. He can’t even be sure A: Don’t you think it is nice to go to a place you can
that his transportation is going to be safe.At the end learn new things about?
of the day, he seems to think that the benefits of his B: We could go there, I suppose. I do want to go
work outweigh any disadvantages. somewhere new.
A: Well, I fancy going there and I think you would enjoy it.
Exercise 8 (p. 137) B: Alright. Let’s go there then.
• Frans is brave. He travels to dangerous locations
Exercise 8 (p. 139)
and photographs dangerous animals.
• Frans is proud. His work has helped to raise 1 –
awareness about wildlife conservation 2 –
• Fran is confident. He is sure he can capture the 3 the (talking about sth specific – Bangkok is
public’s imagination as well as capturing great mentioned before)
pictures of wildlife and landscapes. 4 –
• Fran is adventurous. He travels all over the world 5 The (talking about sth specific – defining the river)
chasing the perfect photograph, even in dangerous 6 –
circumstances. 7 the (used with the names of rivers)
57
Answer Section

8 the (used with words such as state, kingdom, 6 Shopping therapy helps people temporarily
republic, etc) forget their problems but can also add to them in
9 The (used with names of museums, organisations, the long term.
hotels, etc) 7 Write a letter to the head office if you have any
10 – complaints about the service.
11 – 8 I love the hustle and bustle of market day in the
12 The (used with names of museums, organisations, town.
hotels, etc) 9 My parents are very careful how they spend their
13 the (used with adjectives/adverbs in the hard-earned cash.
superlative form) 10 My grandmother is always buying handy gadgets
14 the (used with words such as state, kingdom, for the kitchen.
republic, etc)
15 the (talking about sth specific – the sea around Exercise 6 (p. 141)
Venice) The problem with credit cards is that it is so easy to pay
16 the (used with words only, first, last) for things. It’s only later that we think about having to
17 The (used with names of museums, organisations, pay it back. If I were you I would give my credit cards to
hotels, etc) my parents until I had paid them off. Alternatively you
18 – could just cut up your credit cards, that way you can’t
19 the (talking about sth specific – a particular film) possibly use them. If you make a shopping list before you
20 The (talking about sth specific – the statue from a go to the shops and pay for everything in cash it will be
particular place) easier to only buy the things you really need.
21 –
22 The (talking about sth specific – the hats worn by Exercise 7 (p. 141)
particular guards)
Advertising provides a useful service for businesses and
23 the (talking about sth specific – the particular
producers because it brings their goods and services to
guards mentioned)
the attention of the public. However, sometimes there
24 –
are too many advertisements on television and then I
lose interest in watching TV altogether. Advertisements
Unit 5.5
in magazines sometimes take up half the publication.
Exercise 4 (p. 140) Considering the price of magazines, I object to paying so
tactic – a way to achieve a result much just to read or look at glossy advertisements. On
devious – secretive and dishonest the other hand, when there are advertisements about
campaigns – series of activities designed to achieve sth new films, DVDs and CDs that have been released, these
auction – public sale where buyers compete with each are things that interest me so the advertisements are
other useful.
bid – offer of money for something on sale
remedy – cure Unit 5.6
warehouses – large buildings used for storage Exercise 5 (p. 142)
bankrupt – legally declared as unable to pay debts
2 A: I didn’t recognise you.
haggling – bargaining over the price of goods
B: I had my hair cut today.What do you think?
convenient – easy and useful
A: You look fantastic.
B: You really think so?
Exercise 5 (p. 140)
A: Yes, it really suits you.
1 Advertising agencies specialise in helping B: Thanks for saying so.
businesses promote their goods and services.
2 I always shop at places where I know they have top 3 A: Are they new?
quality goods. B: Yes, do they look nice?
3 I prefer to buy organic food, even though it’s A: They look really great on you.
more expensive. B: Thanks. I’m glad you like them.
4 The large chain stores have branches in every city A: I almost didn’t recognise you though.
in the country. B: I hope that’s a good thing.
5 The problem with credit cards is that it is too 4 A: Wow! They look really great!
easy to overspend. B: Thanks. I bought them today.
A: They’re really nice.Were they expensive?
B: No.They were half price.
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Answer Section

A: You made a great choice. They look really Task 2 (p. 146)
comfortable. (See Tapescripts section – Unit 5.8 Speaking Task 2 p. 146)
B: Thanks.They are. The speakers decide on the concert by the school band
because it is such a good band and everyone loves
Exercise 6 (p. 143) listening to it.
Dialogue 1 takes place at a garage. (picture D)
Dialogue 2 takes place at an optician’s. (picture B) Student B – Task 1 (p. 147)
(See Tapescripts section – Unit 5.8 Speaking Task 1 p. 147)
Pictures A
Sally: These biscuits are on special offer this week.Two Questions for Student A – Task 1 (p. 147)
for the price of one.
• I think some young people use their leisure time
Anna: Great.That’ll save a bit on the bill.
well and some do not. Those who spend all their
Sally: That’ll be £23.47 please.
free time in front of the television or playing
Anna: Can I pay by credit card?
computer games are not using their free time well.
Sally: No problem. Let me just run it through the
However, if they also play sport it’s better for their
machine. Don’t forget your receipt.
health.
Picture C • I think I have enough leisure time because I am
Martha: I’d like one kilo of onions and two of potatoes, lucky and I do not have to travel far to school. Even
please. though we get a lot of homework I can still find
Frank: There you go. One kilo of onions and two of time for my leisure activities.
potatoes. It’s just over two kilos, is that OK? • Yes, there are. In the town where I live we have a
Martha: Fine. very good sports centre, a beautiful park, a good
Frank: Anything else? cinema and my school also has good facilities.
Martha: Those oranges look good. I think I’ll take a kilo • Well, hockey is very active and watching films is
of those as well. passive, so I enjoy both – which is a good balance.
Frank: Good choice. They’re the sweetest I’ve had all • I have never considered doing voluntary work in my
year, even if I do say so myself. leisure time because playing hockey takes up most
of it. However, if I did do voluntary work I would
Unit 5.8 like to work with children.
• I would like to learn to play the violin. Maybe one
Student A – Task 1 (p. 146)
day I will.
(See Tapescripts section – Unit 5.8 Speaking Task 1 p. 146)
The speaker says leisure activities take our minds off
Questions for Student B – Task 1 (p. 146) work or any other problems we have. He spends his
• I once bought an ice cream because of an own leisure time playing hockey, reading and watching
advertisement. It sounded so delicious and it really films.
was as good as it looked.
Task 2 (p. 147)
• I don’t enjoy shopping in the supermarket because
it’s boring and it’s always very busy when we go. (See Tapescripts section – Unit 5.8 Speaking Task 2 p. 147)
• I wouldn’t buy clothes online because you need to
try them on first to see if they fit. The speakers decide on an Information Technology Centre
• I prefer shopping in small independent shops because students are increasingly using computers for their
because it feels more friendly. studies. They think that the centre will be popular with
students and teachers too. They say that they all need to
• I usually go shopping with my parents.
develop their IT skills and keep up to date with technology.
• I think you have to be very careful shopping on
credit because it is very easy to get into debt. Unit 5.9
The speaker says shopping habits are changing because Exercise 1 (p. 148)
there is much more choice these days. For many people 1 an opinion essay
shopping is now a leisure activity and shops are open all 2 a teacher
hours, 7days a week and people can even shop on-line. 3 the first and final paragraph
She says that when she was younger she often wanted
toys that she saw on television advertisements. Exercise 2 (p. 148)
The writer is against the idea of students being taught at
home online.

59
Answer Section

introduce arguments – On the other hand, However side a work schedule.

list points – First of all, Secondly,All in all To begin with, it is crucial for all young people to get the
introduce results – As a result, such as,All in all best education possible. Having a job could have a
negative effect on a student’s studies. A job can take up
Exercise 4 (p. 148) time that a student should be spending on homework. In
2 I strongly believe that we should all recycle more. By addition, a teen’s job may negatively affect their social
doing this, we would help protect the environment. life.They are working when they could be taking part in
3 In my opinion, people should watch less TV. In doing after-school activities or socialising.
this, they would have more time to exercise. On the other hand, there are those people that would
4 To my mind, governments must stop illegal argue that this is the perfect time for teens to learn
downloading from the Internet. In doing this, it will responsibility. They feel that it is good for teenagers to
protect the music industry. balance all aspects of life.
5 My opinion is that people should give more money Ultimately, I believe teenagers can learn responsibility in
to their local charities. In doing this, many social other ways. A formal education that can lead to a serious
problems could be solved. career later in life is much more important. I do not support
6 As far as I am concerned, governments should put the idea of teens working while they attend school.
more police on the streets. In doing this, it will help
reduce crime Unit 5.10
Exercise 1 (p. 150)
Exercise 5 (p. 149) 1 Readers of the school newspaper.
1 The main idea is why violent video games shouldn’t 2 Making your town safer.
be banned.This is stated in the opening sentence. 3 Semiformal because students will read it - what can
2 For a start, most of the people who play them know we do to make our town safer?
the difference between the games and real life. 4 neighbourhood watch scheme, CCTV, police patrols
Moreover there are usually age recommendation on
games. Exercise 2 (p. 150)
3 For a start;Therefore; Moreover; For this reason techniques used to start: rhetorical question
(To begin: Consequently:Also:This is why) techniques used to end: quotation
alternative beginning: Our town is becoming
Exercise 6 (p. 149)
increasingly unsafe these days due to the increase in traffic
1 For example, it can be noisy and polluted. Also, on our roads and the escalating crime rate. Surely we must
there is a lot of traffic and parking is often difficult. all do something to help change this before it is too late?
2 Therefore, students will receive a well rounded
education. ending: All in all, there are a number of possible
3 For example, they are recognised and followed solutions that we should start to implement as soon as
everywhere they go. In addition, they must deal possible to help make our town safe. After all, if we
with people asking for pictures and autographs. don’t, who will?

Exercise 7 (p. 149) Exercise 4 (p. 150)

1 Some people argue an increase in public transport will A … wear a money belt under your clothes and keep
not encourage people to leave their cars at home. travel documents and money out of sight. This would
2 On the other hand, some say there are several help to deter any would be muggers. Another way to
benefits to replacing people with robots. safeguard your belongings is to fix a lock onto all bags
3 Alternatively, some people argue that organic food and suitcases. By doing this you may stop thieves from
is not worth buying. getting into your luggage. It would also be a good idea
4 It can be argued that introducing fines will not to keep photocopies of your passport and other travel
deter people from illegally downloading music from documents, in a separate place. In this way, you can
the Internet. replace your crucial documents, quickly in case of theft.
B … A useful suggestion would be to repaint the walls,
Exercise 8b (p. 149) put up some new curtains and buy new furniture.
Many teenagers work and go to school at the same Then the library would be a more pleasant place for
time. Many of them are doing this for a variety of everyone.Another suggestion would be to buy more
reasons. However, in my opinion teenagers should not computers. This would mean that students would
be trying to balance a full-time school schedule along not have to wait so long to use one.
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Answer Section

Exercise 5 (p. 151) 2 An opinion essay about teenager a doing household

1 Keep your passwords secret and change them chores. Formal style.
regularly in order to prevent criminals from Paragraph plan
accessing your email accounts etc and stealing your Introduction: introduce topic/state opinion
personal information. Para 2: first viewpoint and reasons/examples
2 Never provide any personal details such as
Para 3: second viewpoint and reasons/examples
addresses, telephone numbers or school names, for
example, in emails or on social networking sites. By Para 4: opposing viewpoint and reasons/examples
doing this, you will prevent endangering your Conclusion: summary of topic and restate opinion
personal safety. Topic sentences for main body paragraphs:
3 It is important to install anti-virus software and 1) On the one hand, teenagers are members of the
keep it up to date. By doing this, you will prevent family group and, therefore, have a responsibility
nasty computer viruses infecting and harming your to do their part in keeping the family home
computer. clean and tidy.
4 You should also stick to well known, popular 2) On the other hand, however, there are times
websites as much as possible.The result will be that when teenagers should be excused from doing
you will avoid sites that may be more likely to harm chores.
your computer by infecting it with viruses for
example. Introduction:
In these financially difficult times, most families are
Exercise 6 (p. 151) feeling the crunch and both parents have had to go
out to work.What that means is that there is now
1 A solution to a problem essay on how to make
no one left at home to do the household chores
your neighbourhood more pleasant. Semi-formal
that were once traditionally done by the mother.
style.
Many people feel that teenagers should ease this
Paragraph plan situation by helping out around the house.
Introduction: state problem and possible causes
Para 2: first possible solution and results/ Conclusion:
consequences A family is like a sports team in that all its members
Para 3: second possible solution and results/ must pull together to get things done.Teenagers, as
consequences part of a family, must take on certain obligations,
Conclusion: summary and/or opinion/ household chores being one of them. However,
recommendations exceptions should be made in certain situations,
Topic sentences for main body paragraphs: exam time, for example, when a teenager’s time is
1) Firstly, I think that my neighbourhood suffers better spent on other responsibilities.
aesthetically because of the unsightly graffiti on 3 A for-and-against essay about whether the internet
its walls and public buildings. is a blessing or a curse. Formal style.
2) Another problem that affects my neighbourhood
is litter. Paragraph plan
Introduction: introduce topic
Introduction: Para 2: arguments in favour of the topic
I have lived in the same neighbourhood for as long as I
Para3: arguments against the topic
can remember and I really love it.That being the case, I
was very upset when I saw that the local newspaper Conclusion: summary and opinion or general
had described it as being ugly and depressing. Although statement
I am very proud of where I live, I do believe that there Topic sentences for main body paragraphs:
are several ways in which my neighbourhood could be 1) The Internet is an amazing tool that has made
made more pleasant. our lives easier and more stress-free.
2) Despite its many obvious advantages, the
Conclusion: Internet does have its downside.
A neighbourhood reflects the people who reside in
it. Most people want to be in pleasant surroundings Introduction:
and will do their part to keep the area around them It is difficult for most of us to imagine a time when
clean and attractive. It seems to me that it would there was no such thing as personal computers,
not take much to turn my ‘ugly, depressing’ websites or the Internet. In fact, nowadays, it is the
neighbourhood into an even better place to live. rare home that does not have at least one PC with
which its residents can access the Net. As with
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Answer Section

everything, however, the Internet has its good which my neighbourhood could be made more
points and its bad points. pleasant.
Firstly, I think that my neighbourhood suffers
Conclusion:
aesthetically because of the unsightly graffiti on its
All things considered, I believe the advantages of the
walls and public buildings. The young people in the
Net outweigh the disadvantages. As Euripides said,
area have little to do in their spare time and,
‘Balance is the key to life.’ The Net is a gift, and it is
therefore, they spray paint pictures and words
there for the people who know how to use it
where they are not supposed to. I feel that if these
sensibly and wisely. Unfortunately, and there is very
youths had a place to go where they could use their
little we can do about it, it is also there for the people
free time more productively, a sports centre, for
who exploit it for their own unsavoury purposes.
example, these instances of vandalism would be
4 An opinion essay on whether your school should reduced.
install CCTV cameras. Formal style. Another problem that affects my neighbourhood is
litter. Everywhere one looks, whether it be in the
Paragraph plan
streets or in the park, there are old cans,
Introduction: introduce topic
newspapers and bottles.To my mind, there is a very
Para 2: arguments in favour of the topic simple solution to this problem. If the town council
Para3: arguments against the topic placed more bins around the neighbourhood,
Conclusion: summary and opinion or general people would be far less likely to throw their
statement rubbish on the ground.
Topic sentences for main body paragraphs: A neighbourhood reflects the people who reside in
it. Most people want to be in pleasant surroundings
1) On the one hand, CCTV cameras in schools
and will do their part to keep the area around them
might make people think twice before they
clean and attractive. It seems to me that it would
commit a crime like beating someone up or
not take much to turn my ‘ugly, depressing’
stealing someone’s personal property.
neighbourhood into an even better place to live.
2) On the other hand, CCTV cameras add to the
sense that ‘Big Brother’ is watching us—even in 2 In these financially difficult times, most families are
schools. feeling the crunch and both parents have had to go
out to work.What that means is that there is now
Introduction: no one left at home to do the household chores
It is no secret that crime is on the rise. In an effort to that were once traditionally done by the mother.
prevent illegal activities such as muggings, burglaries Many people feel that teenagers should ease this
and robberies, police have placed CCTV cameras in situation by helping out around the house.
the streets, outside shops, and in banks and other On the one hand, teenagers are members of the
buildings. As far as I am concerned, this is a good family group and, therefore, have a responsibility to
practice because it may act as a deterrent to do their part in keeping the family home clean and
criminals. But do we really need CCTV cameras in tidy. When all is said and done, it does not take
our schools? much time or effort to keep a home running
smoothly if everyone pitches in and does their fair
Conclusion: share of the work.
Generally speaking, I think that having CCTV cameras On the other hand, however, there are times when
in schools is a necessary evil because crimes are on teenagers should be excused from doing chores.
the increase even in our institutions of education. Young people these days, what with their busy
Although I do feel that these cameras violate our schedules, often have very little time for anything but
rights, if students are not doing anything wrong, they homework, projects and exam preparation. On the
really don’t have anything to fear, do they? occasions when their responsibilities become too
great, teenagers should be exempted from their duties
until they have more free time available for them.
Exercise 7 (p. 151)
A family is like a sports team in that all its members
1 I have lived in the same neighbourhood for as long must pull together to get things done.Teenagers, as
as I can remember and I really love it.That being the part of a family, must take on certain obligations,
case, I was very upset when I saw that the local household chores being one of them. However,
newspaper had described it as being ugly and exceptions should be made in certain situations,
depressing. Although I am very proud of where I exam time, for example, when a teenager’s time is
live, I do believe that there are several ways in better spent on other responsibilities.
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Answer Section

3 It is difficult for most of us to imagine a time when the increase even in our institutions of education.
there was no such thing as personal computers, Although I do feel that these cameras violate our
websites or the Internet. In fact, nowadays, it is the rights, if students are not doing anything wrong, they
rare home that does not have at least one PC with really don’t have anything to fear, do they?
which its residents can access the Net. As with
everything, however, the Internet has its good Unit 5.11
points and its bad points.
The Internet is an amazing tool that has made our Exercise 1 (p. 152)
lives easier and more stress-free. At the click of a There is a picture of a department store, where tourists
button, we can send and receive emails, read our might find anything from designer clothes to souvenirs.
daily newspaper, do our shopping, watch our There is a picture of a busy street with people sitting at
favourite TV programmes, the list is endless. With tables eating and drinking.This looks like a good place for
its chat rooms, blogs, and instant messaging, the Net tourists to stop and have a bite to eat.
has made communicating with others more In one picture there is a market near a canal, here there
convenient than ever before. are a lot of stalls and tourists might find antiques and
Despite its many obvious advantages, the Internet handcrafted goods.
does have its downside. Just as the Net can be an In the last picture it shows a busy high street with
amazing tool, in the wrong hands, it can be a London buses and taxis. All of the big names in high
dangerous weapon. For those with the knowledge, street fashion should be there. I think tourists will find
and the yearning, the Net can be used to download souvenirs of London here as well as clothes, shoes,
others’ personal information, access illegal sights, or books and CDs etc.
even as a means to commit cyber crimes like fraud
or hacking. Exercise 4 (p. 152)
All things considered, I believe the advantages of
A must – something essential
the Net outweigh the disadvantages. As Euripides
gorgeous – very attractive
said,‘Balance is the key to life.’ The Net is a gift, and
browse – look through casually
it is there for the people who know how to use it
distinctive – easily recognisable
sensibly and wisely. Unfortunately, and there is very
uniforms – sets of clothes for a particular job
little we can do about it, it is also there for the
buzz – excitement
people who exploit it for their own unsavoury
bric-a-brac – small objects of little value
purposes.
exclusive – chic and expensive
4 It is no secret that crime is on the rise. In an effort to clientele – customers
prevent illegal activities such as muggings, burglaries queue – a line of people
and robberies, police have placed CCTV cameras in connected – joined
the streets, outside shops, and in banks and other check out – have a look at
buildings. As far as I am concerned, this is a good
practice because it may act as a deterrent to Exercise 5 (p. 152)
criminals. But do we really need CCTV cameras in • There are many market stalls with colourful
our schools? displays of fruit and vegetables.
On the one hand, CCTV cameras in schools might • The street artists painted a beautiful mural on the
make people think twice before they commit a wall of the building.
crime like beating someone up or stealing • We often see friends shopping in the town’s high
someone’s personal property. If they know they are street at the weekend.
being watched, they might not go ahead and do • You can find excellent bargains in the flea market,
what they had planned. which is great when you are shopping on a tight
On the other hand, CCTV cameras add to the sense budget.
that ‘Big Brother’ is watching us—even in schools. • My brother went on a shopping spree when he
They rob students of their right to privacy. If they got paid.
are not doing anything wrong, why should they be • The best thing about shopping in a big department
watched all the time? Why should they be under store is that all the top brand names and
constant supervision because a ‘few bad apples’ have designer labels can be found under one roof.
committed crimes at their school? Good students • Many people visit Oxford Street in London and
are being punished for no good reason. simply go window shopping.
Generally speaking, I think that having CCTV cameras
in schools is a necessary evil because crimes are on
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Answer Section

• Some big supermarket chains have expanded their Exercise 2 (p. 154)
range of products to become a one-stop shop. I think Torres is going to say something important to
• The Ritz is one of London’s high-class hotels. Joam Garral that will affect everyone on the raft. He
• We enjoyed a night out in one of Moscow’s trendy might tell him that Manoel is not a good person.
clubs in Tverskaya.
Exercise 4 (p. 154)
Exercise 6 (p. 152)
presentiment – strange feeling about the future
I had an interesting morning in Brick Lane. It was busy, menace – threat
but I love the hustle and bustle of Brick Lane on at the outset – from the beginning
Sundays. You can hear people chatting and laughing and shivering – shaking from fear or cold
street vendors inviting people to look and buy. As you sought – looked for
walk past the café’s there’s the smell of fresh coffee and proposal – a suggested plan
fruit juice and the sound of jazz music.
I saw some amazing pavement drawings done by the I had a presentiment that the day would go badly.
street artists, full of colour and vibrancy and I bought a Using a mobile phone while driving is a menace to the
fantastic jacket from one of the fashion students. He had safety of other road users.
one of the market stalls there and he told me what At the outset of the investigation they realised how
inspired the design. I like buying these individual items difficult it would be to find out the truth.
direct from the designer, it’s so much more personal She flapped her arms to stop herself shivering from
than having the same thing as everyone else. the cold.
Although they had sought work for months, they didn’t
Project (p. 153) find any.
Novosiberisk is the largest city in Siberia and the third The committee rejected his proposal for
largest city in Russia after Moscow and St Petersburg, so improvements to the town centre.
it has plenty to offer when it comes to shopping. Some of
the best shops can be found in Vokzalnaya Magistral, Exercise 5 (p. 155)
where there are plenty of shops to suit every size of
1 The diamond robbery took place in Tijuco. (line 57)
pocket.Vokzalnaya Magistral also has a large supermarket
2 The family will leave Torres at Manaos. (line19)
close to the train station that is open 24 hours a day,
3 The prison is at Villa Rica. (line 44)
which is very convenient for anyone who needs food
4 Joam Dacosta worked as a clerk in the governor
supplies late in the evening.Another place for visitors to
general’s office. (line 35)
enjoy shopping is at the Royal Park Shopping Mall in
5 The chief of police is in Manaos. (line 54)
Krasny Prospekt. Apart from all the wonderful shops,
there are some lovely cafes where tired shoppers can
Exercise 7 (p. 155)
take a break and watch the world go by. But perhaps
some of the best shopping can be found at the street Diamond Robber / Murderer Escapes from Jail
markets in Novosiberisk.There are lots of street markets Last year’s diamond robbery at Tijuco was masterminded
where you can find everything from traditional souvenirs by Joam Dacosta, a clerk in the governor general’s office.
to household goods and clothing. And it goes without The soldiers guarding the diamonds at Tijuco’s largest
saying that you can always find really good bargains if you diamond cutting plant were murdered with the
are prepared to haggle over the prices. assistance of this convicted criminal. In February this
year Dacosta was tried and sentenced to execution. He
Unit 5.12 was in prison at Villa Rica. However, just hours before he
Exercise 1 (p. 154) should have been executed, he managed to escape. His
I would imagine that life on the raft in the picture is very whereabouts are unknown and police warn that this
comfortable as they have houses to live in. It might be man is dangerous and should not be approached.
scary sometimes because I can see that there are huge Information leading to the capture of Dacosta will be
crocodiles in the water. Personally, I would love to go on rewarded.
a trip like this because it would be a very exciting
adventure. Unit 5.13
Exercise 3 (p. 156)
2 Clouds are vital for life to exist on earth because
they produce rain.

64
Answer Section

They are terrifying because of the destruction they The colours of clouds can change according to how
create through thunderstorms and flooding. densely packed the water droplets are inside the cloud.
3 New technology may allow us to harness the power When sunlight passes through the cloud the light can
from clouds. It may even be possible to control rain reflect off the droplets, which means that when there
levels, for instance, to make it rain more or less. are more droplets clustered together, whiter colours
I think it is a good idea. It may be possible to create are produced. Typical white clouds, which are most
rain in drought-affected areas or help to provide commonly seen, practically reflect out all of the light
clean sources of energy. It should only continue to hitting them. However, when more light comes through
be researched, however, providing that there are no the cloud, yellow and orange colours can be seen.When
negative effects on the environment. you see a slight green colour in particular clouds it can
be a sign of imminent hail, strong winds or tornadoes.
Red and pink colours are normally formed in clouds at
Exercise 4 (p. 156)
sunrise and sunset due to the way that sunlight is
vital – very important dispersed through the atmosphere at these times.
beating down – shining brightly and hotly
Unfortunately, this reflection of light from the clouds
loaded – very full
might be changing.According to recent research, the use
fragile – weak
of aerosols and other materials which end up in the
disastrous – terrible
atmosphere is dimming our planet. This is explained by
load – contents
the fact that the water droplets are not as pure and,
capabilities – things sth can do
thus, cannot reflect as much light as previously. So, in
gigantic – huge
years to come, our skies may become duller and less
base – lowest part
colourful. It makes you appreciate what we have now
builds up – increase gradually
and realise that we cannot continue harming our
dazzling – very bright
environment.
combine – join together
under debate – being discussed
Focus on RNE
investing in – giving money to
Speaking – Task 1 (p. 160)
Exercise 5 (p. 156) I am going to talk about mobile phones.
I learned how clouds are formed when droplets of All over the world mobile phones have revolutionised
water form in cooler air. In warmer air these droplets communication, making it easy for us to stay in touch
become vapour which rises into the cooler air. with people wherever we are.They have helped to save
Eventually, when enough of these droplets get together, lives and reassure worried relatives. Business can be
they fall back to the ground as rain. Clouds are also a continued even when travelling, saving time and
very powerful force. When they become large enough improving business efficiency. These are many of the
they can unleash so much rain that it will cause floods reasons why mobile phones are beneficial to our
or massive thunderstorms. I also learned that scientists everyday lives.
are learning more and more about clouds and can even On the other hand, the disadvantages of having a mobile
control them under certain circumstances. phone are that they can be an invasion of our privacy.
I would like to know more about how scientists might We are never able to get away from our business if we
be able to make it rain or stop it from raining in the are always available on the mobile phone. This can
future. I think this would be a remarkable breakthrough increase our stress levels and lead to ill health. The
both for countries that suffer droughts and those which network of signals and masts necessary to enable this
endure flooding. communication technology can also be bad for our
health and the health of the planet.
Project (p. 156) Mobile phones affect how sociable people are in both
good and bad ways.They are good because we are able
Clouds to keep in touch with friends easily and this can make us
The field of meteorology (the study of weather) which more sociable. However if we are always communicating
concerns clouds is called nephology. Clouds generally on the mobile phone we may be ignoring the people
form at between 2,000 to 20,000 metres above sea around us and in this way we are being unsociable.
level. As well as forming at different heights, clouds can Mobile phones have had a huge impact on the modern
also form in different shapes and take on different world because global communication is so much more
colours. convenient.

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Answer Section

Writing – Part 2 (p. 160) make recommendations/suggestions – I suggest,

With the arrival of mass tourism, foreign travel has one suggestion would be
become increasingly popular. Many people prefer to go express cause and effect – As a result, This would
abroad for their holidays in order to experience mean
cultures that are different from their own. Although I conclude – In conclusion
understand the appeal of foreign travel, I think that
travelling in your own country can be just as exciting Exercise 12 (p. 181)
and educational. A 1 For example 4 wealth
Foreign holidays are appealing because they offer the 2 therefore 5 Finally
chance to do something new and different. People may 3 In addition 6 excellent
wish to go abroad to enjoy a relaxing holiday in a warmer
climate or to visit places that have historical importance. B 1 The purpose of this report
It is natural for people to want to have new and exciting 2 assess
experiences and to feel that they are escaping the routine 3 the suitability of
of their normal lives. However, travelling long distances
can be tiring, stressful and expensive. C 1 To sum up 3 mentioned
People often miss out on visiting places in their own 2 attract
country that are interesting because they prefer to go
abroad. Every country has its own unique history, Exercise 13a (p. 181)
culture and beautiful countryside. When you travel in type of writing: formal report
your own country you can learn a lot about its history topic: Suitability of accommodation in a hotel
and culture as well as discover areas of natural beauty. reader: coach of sports team
Furthermore, it’s less stressful than travelling abroad as
you do not need to know another language and you Exercise 13c (p. 181)
won’t need to travel as far.
Introduction
To sum up, I would say that it’s up to the individual to
The purpose of this report is to assess the suitability of
decide whether they prefer to travel abroad or within
the Aqua Hotel as accommodation for the team during
their own country but travelling at home can be just as
the tournament.
worthwhile as making foreign trips.
In conclusion I would recommend the Aqua Hotel as
Further Writing Practice: Reports/Proposals
suitable accommodation for the team. The location and
Exercise 1 (p. 177) the facilities meet our requirements and the negative
1 Report, proposal points are minor.
2 Report: Conservation group volunteer. Writing
report on local school for group leader. Exercise 14b (p. 182)
Proposal: Business person asking for bank loan to 1 As not many teenagers know about the café, one
open souvenir shop suggestion would be to give out leaflets at schools
3 Report: Information on waste disposal, water and colleges to publicise the café.
consumption and energy efficiency of the school. 2 The décor is not attractive to teens, therefore I
Proposal: Reason for requesting the loan and would suggest that bright colours be used and
information on how I propose to spend the money. modern fittings added.
3 Teens need more than food and drink for
Exercise 3 (p. 178) entertainment consequently I would recommend
Passive (is thrown, could be made) that a video game or a pinball machine be installed in
Full verb forms, impersonal tone (the school has, there are addition to playing modern music and showing MTV.
signs, groundsman waters) 4 As teens like international food, I would suggest
Formal linkers (However,While,Also) that more international dishes be offered. For
example, pizza, kebabs, hot dogs and tacos.
Exercise 4 (p. 178)
list points – Firstly, secondly, finally
add emphasis – in particular
make concessions – despite the fact that
express an opinion – I think, I believe

66
Answer Section

Exercise 15 (p. 182) Conclusion

1 1 – town council 3 – headmaster I hope the suggestions I have outlined above meet
2 – manager 4 – council with your approval and will receive your serious
consideration.
2 1 – member of the public
2 – tourist office worker 2 To: Peter Dobbs, Manager
3 – teacher From: Jenny Bartlett
4 – youth group leader Subject: Public transport information
3 1 – To propose a well known local person and
suggest ways to celebrate their achievements Introduction
2 – To report on public transport information for The purpose of this report is to assess the value of
tourists and suggest improvements information available to tourists concerning local
3 – To report on facilities for after-school activities public transport and to recommend improvements
and suggest how to make them more popular where appropriate.
4 – To propose how a building could be used in Available Information
two ways to improve life for young people in To start with, free maps detailing local bus routes
the area are available both from these offices and other
4 Formal, impersonal style outlets in the city, including the central bus station.
5 1 Introduction/Purpose, Celebrations, Conclusion These maps clearly show the local tourist
2 Introduction,Available Information, attractions and the buses serving these locations
Recommendation are easily identified. However, there have been
3 Introduction, Popularity of Activities, Facilities, complaints that the timetable information printed
Recommendations on the back of the maps is inaccurate and confusing.
4 Introduction, Gymnasium, Internet Café, Recommendation
Conclusion As bus timetables are subject to change, in future
6 To this end, In this way,To sum up, However,To start this information should not be printed on the maps.
with, Firstly, Secondly, What is more, Furthermore, The bus company should be asked to provide a
etc. separate document whenever bus schedules are
altered. This document could be distributed with
Exercise 16 (p. 182) the maps so that tourists will be provided with
accurate information at all times.
1 To: The Town Council
From: Robert Canning 3 To: Mr Jones, Headmaster
Subject: Commemorating local people From: Trevor Jones
Subject: After-school activities
Purpose
The purpose of this proposal is to suggest ways in Introduction
which the achievements of one of our well-known The purpose of this report is to evaluate the quality
citizens can be celebrated. For this purpose I would of the after-school activities offered to our students,
like to propose that the council should consider with particular reference to the facilities provided.
celebrating the achievements of Mary Becket, the
remarkable woman who did so much to help the Popularity of Activities
homeless in the town. The school offers a wide range of activities, and most
of these are well-supported by the students.
Celebrations However, there are a small number of activities,
Knowing Mary as I did, I am sure she would want particularly the drama and debating societies, that do
any celebration to be focused on the work she did, not attract much interest.
rather than herself.To this end, I would suggest that
the first week in January, a time when the weather Facilities
is at its most severe, should be called “The Mary In general, the facilities provided for the various
Becket Help the Homeless Week” and citizens groups are adequate and the equipment required
should be encouraged to help those people who for each is maintained in excellent condition. There
are still, sadly, homeless. In this way, the name of is one exception to this statement, as the
Mary will not be forgotten and the excellent work photographic society feels that they lack the
she started will continue. appropriate computer software to cope with the
growing interest in digital photography.
67
Answer Section

Recommendations 3 This is an article about music. Title A tells the

As it is unlikely that more students can be persuaded reader that he is going to read about someone’s
to join the debating society, it is recommended that perfect music show and title C is about someone’s
this activity be discontinued. By doing this the money favourite music, both of which are mentioned in the
saved could be used to help purchase the software rubric.
requested by the photographic society. 4 The title has the word collection in it and this
Furthermore, I suggest that more students would be connects with the topic of collecting that is
attracted to the drama society if a wider range of mentioned in the rubric. The article is also about
activities were offered. my personal opinion about why the collection is
important, so ‘My Collection’ is the correct answer.
4 To: The Council
From: Jack Mills,Youth group leader Exercise 3 (p. 184)
Subject: Proposed uses for Midford Manor A techniques: offering a general thought or
objective statement; addressing the reader directly
Introduction
B techniques: using a quotation
This proposal describes two possible uses for the
disused building known as Midford Manor with a view C techniques: offering a general thought or
to improving the lives of local young people. objective statement; addressing the reader directly
D techniques: offering a general thought or
Gymnasium
objective statement
There are very few facilities for physical exercise in
the town and those that do exist are commercial E techniques: offering a general thought or
concerns aimed at older, professional people. It is objective statement
extremely important that our young people have
the right facilities for physical exercise, especially in Exercise 4b (p. 185)
times when more youngsters are overweight. Model 1 – Plan
Therefore a gymnasium designed for young people Introduction
would be an enormous asset. Para 1 introduces the topic
Internet Café Main Body
A well-supervised Internet café designed for Para 2 1st reason why he/she enjoys reading (can be
teenagers would be a great attraction and would used for learning or for fun)
help to keep bored youngsters off the streets. Para 3 2nd reason why he/she enjoys reading (helps
Conclusion people to develop their own ideas and opinions)
To sum up, Midford Manor could provide a fantastic Para 4 recommending books for people his/her own age
venue for young people to enjoy. The proposals I Conclusion
have outlined above would benefit the community Final para final comments
as a whole, by ensuring young people are healthy
and happy. I hope that the proposals will receive Techniques: offering a general thought or objective
your approval. statement; addressing the reader directly
(intro); using a quotation (conclusion).
Further Writing Practice:Articles
Model 2 – Plan
Exercise 1 (p. 183)
Introduction
1 The article is about someone famous that I would Para 1 introduces the topic
like to change places with. Title B has the name of
someone, probably a famous actress, and says she is Main Body
terrific. You would only want to swap places with Para 2 description/details of concert
someone great, wouldn’t you? Para 3 explaining why he/she enjoyed the concert
2 In this article, I need information about what young Para 4 describing what was particularly special about
people in my country are wearing and give advice the concert
about clothes.Title D mentions what to wear, but it Conclusion
is not a question, so the article will probably give Final para restating his/her opinion/recommendation
advice.Title F mentions teen trends which means it
Techniques: offering a general thought or objective
is about fashion for young people.
statement; (introduction) addressing the
reader directly (conclusion).

68
Answer Section

Model 1 Exercise 6b (p. 186)

Introduction (Model Answers)
What was the last book that changed the way you 1 Going Out
looked at the world? For me, every book that I read People don’t need to go far to be entertained these
offers a new perspective and a new challenge. I grew up days. Take the theatre, cinema or even a concert,
in a house full of books and couldn’t imagine my life everyone has their favourite way of spending the
without them. Reading is a way of meeting new people, evening.
going to new places and living new lives.
Seeing live actors on a stage can be an interesting
Conclusion experience, but make sure you are seated close
Some people say that reading is something that people enough to see all the action.These seats though, can
do alone, but I believe that reading is a shared activity. be rather expensive and I wouldn’t recommend
The writer shares the story with the reader.The reader sitting in the ‘nose-bleed’ section - high up at the back
shares the story with other readers and stories reach – where you can barely make out the expressions on
out and fill the world. the performers’ faces.

Model 2 The cinema, on the other hand, provides the audience

with a huge screen and tickets are cheap.The special
Introduction effects and soundtrack add to the excitement of
John Lennon once said that, “Music is everyone’s watching a story unfold. However, you could also
possession,” and I can’t think of anywhere better to have a fun night at home watching a DVD on your
experience that sense of shared belonging than at a live large-screen TV instead.
concert. Great concerts stay with you forever and I’ve
had some of the best times in my life in the audience at a Tickets to see well-known bands have sky-rocketed,
live concert. One in particular sticks in my memory. but I prefer to see new bands before they get big.
Nothing compares to the thrill of joining others in
Conclusion listening to live music. Long after a good concert, the
I don’t have any photographs of that night, but the music lingers on in your mind.
memories come flooding back every time I hear the
songs. Whenever I’m feeling low, whenever I’m feeling For me, a concert, rather than a play or film, is the
stressed or worried, remembering that concert reminds best. Music has the power to touch the soul.
me that no matter how bad things are, there are always
good times in the past, present and future. 2 Madonna
I don’t think there can be anyone in the world that
Exercise 4c (p. 185) hasn’t heard of Madonna. During her career, she has
put her hand to various things; singing, acting and
Model 1:Reading for Pleasure
writing, all with varying degrees of success. But it can’t
Model 2:The Concert of a Lifetime;What a Show!
be denied that she has certainly left her mark.
Exercise 5b (p. 186) When she first started out, her unique do-it-yourself
express an opinion: 2, 3, 4 fashion sense inspired women everywhere, and
make a suggestion: 1, 4 preferring to stay one step ahead of everyone else,
describe an experience: 3 she changed her style often over the years. Every
describe a place: 1 time she took on a new style, she put the fashion
give advice: 2 world in a spin.
recommend something: 1, 3 The amount of success she has had in music is
remarkable, considering her voice is not her
Exercise 6a (p. 186) strongest point. Her popularity is due to the fact that
1 Rubric 1 – expressing opinion. she’s a strong woman and a great performer. She pulls
Rubric 2 – describing a person in huge crowds whenever she has a concert and her
Rubric 3 – describing an experience record sales are huge.
2 1 – readers of a newspaper There are many who have made significant
2 – readers of a magazine contributions to modern culture in the last fifty years,
3 – readers of a school magazine but none, it can be argued, more so than Madonna.
3 Plan from p. 230 Her work and determination have led her to become
one of the biggest cultural icons in recent times. Her
name will surely go down in history.

69
Answer Section

3 Memorable experience Exercise 6 (p. 189)

Imagine large white fluffy snowflakes gently falling on Paragraph 1 explains that the CD contains ten main
your skin as if tickling you, and everywhere you tracks as well as two other bonus tracks. It gives an
looked all you would see was crispy white snow.That, opinion in relation to the band’s previous albums and
for me, was the most memorable day of my life. suggests that they have new musical influences.
Growing up, I always wondered what it would be like Paragraph 2 gives more details of a selection of songs
to experience snow falling from the sky. Coming from from the album. Also included are descriptions of the
a warm country, this was something I thought I would songs’ narratives and sounds, with suggestions about
never see for myself. Our winters are quite drab how they affect the listener’s mood.
here; it just gets gloomy and rains quite a bit. My
Paragraph 3 concludes by stating how successful the
friends all think I am strange because I love watching
album has been upon release. A prediction is made for
winter sport competitions on television. I do this
the band’s continuing popularity in years to come and,
because I love to watch the athletes swoosh around
finally, the writer makes a recommendation to the
on this bright white carpet of crystals.
reader to buy the CD.
Now imagine the delight and anticipation I felt when
the weatherman announced one cool January Alternative recommendation:
morning that we might be experiencing flurries by The band have developed and evolved their songwriting
nightfall. Sure enough, that evening at around ten, the with each of their albums, and this one is no different. Don’t
first snowflake came down from the starlit sky like a miss out on what is sure to be the epic album of the year!
feather in the wind. I ran outside, without a jacket to
feel the sensation. Exercise 7 (p. 189)
To many, that may have seemed like a menial moment. The Editors’ latest CD An End Has a Start is fantastic.The
I have to say, for me, it was the most wonderful and British edition has 10 tracks on it whereas the one sold in
unforgettable moment in my life. America and Japan has an additional bonus track. This
album is quite deep, and reflects on life though it’s
Further Writing Practice: Reviews definitely not depressing. I would say it’s alternative music
at its best.The best song on the CD is the second track
Exercise 1 (p. 187)
which takes its name from the title, An End Has a Start.
1 a school play 5 a console game The tune of this song is quite upbeat and just makes you
2 a book/film 6 a concert want to jump up and dance. Their fourth single was
3 a film 7 a festival released from this CD and is titled, Push your Head towards
4 a CD the Air. It was sold out on the Internet before it was even
released! I definitely recommend buying this CD.
Exercise 3a (p. 188)
1 readers of the school magazine Exercise 8 (p. 190)
2 past and present tenses A This paragraph comments on the special features of
3 It is the best book I have read all year and I highly the film and on the quality of artistic performance.
recommend it to lovers of science-fiction
B This paragraph tells us which film is being reviewed.
Exercise 3b (p. 188) We are then informed about who the main
characters and leading actors of the movie are.
The writer recommends the book by giving his opinion
and summarising the qualities of the book. C This paragraph concludes with a recommendation,
stating that we have to see this film and that it will be
Exercise 5a (p. 189) a memorable experience.
Model B seems more appropriate because it uses a semi- D This paragraph describes the setting and plot of the
formal style and broader vocabulary, including the use of movie as well as suggesting that the story is
adverbs and adjectives. Model A is far too informal with gripping and thrilling.
simple, limited vocabulary and short, repetitive sentences.
Model B gives a much more detailed description of the Exercise 9a (p. 190)
album and has been written using a plan, with 1 Each rubric has asked for a review (1 for a film, 2
introduction, main body and conclusion. for a book) which should include descriptions of
the main characters and the plot. (For 2 you must
say why you liked the book) Then you must
recommend it (or not recommend it for 1).
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Answer Section

2 Rubric 1 – Readers of the school magazine. 2 Jose Saramago’s Blindness

Rubric 2 – Readers of an English language magazine. Some people read to escape, some people read to
3 Plan from p. 234. relax, others read because they have to, but in my
4 Rubric 1 – This film is a must see. It will make you opinion a good book should make the reader think.
laugh out loud. Don’t miss it. One book that I have read recently opened my eyes
Rubric 2 – This book is for anyone who loves to what the world would be like if we were to lose
fantasy. It is sure to be a best seller. one of our senses and that book is the Portuguese
writer Jose Saramago’s Blindness.
Exercise 9b (p. 190) It’s a simple story in that a plague of blindness
1 Mamma Mia! is the latest film taken from a hit sweeps through a country leaving all but one
Broadway musical. It is about a girl named Sophie person totally blind. The story follows the first
who is about to get married. Sophie decides she victim, waiting in his car at the traffic lights, through
wants to find and invite her father, whom she has to all the people he comes into contact with. The
never met. So, she invites three men, one of which disease spreads and the authorities find themselves
she thinks must be her father, to the wedding.As you unable to cope in a country of the blind. Little do
can imagine, the story gets to be quite complicated as they know that one woman still has her sight.
she hasn’t told her mother about the invitations.
It is mainly through this character that the story is
The storyline all takes place on a beautiful Greek told. She is the wife of an optician and to save
island. It’s no wonder this film has become such a herself she claims that she too has gone blind.
smash hit; it has an amazing star cast! Meryl Streep, Throughout the tale, we see the terrible events
Pierce Brosnan, and Colin Firth will delight you with through her eyes and feel her pain as society
their amazing talent as they sing some of ABBA’s crumbles around her.
famous songs.
The novel is powerful and disturbing and will make
Mamma Mia! is great for the whole family. It is a any reader value his sight and the world he or she
light comedy dotted with some of music’s greatest lives in even more.This is not an easy book to read,
hits. There is never a dull moment and you will be but once read will stay with you forever.
given the opportunity to see some of Greece’s
magical settings in this film.
Mamma Mia! is a must see. It will have you singing
out loud and dancing in your chair!

71
Interlocutor Cards
Interlocutor Card 1
Unit 1.8 – Student A – Task 2 (p. 20)

You are discussing what leaving gift to give a popular teacher who is retiring. These are your ideas
about each option:

+ _
A silver watch – The teacher will be able to wear it. – A good watch would be rather
– It’s a traditional retirement gift. expensive.

A framed photograph of – It would be something the teacher could – It’s not very personal.
the school see at home to remember us by. – A teacher must have lots of photos of
the school already.
A set of leather bound – He will have plenty of time for reading. – It is difficult to choose books that
books of literature – Everyone loves the classics. someone will really enjoy.
classics – He may prefer science books.
A camera – This is special and useful as well. – It could be expensive.
– Taking photographs is a great hobby. – He might not be interested in
photography.

Interlocutor Card 2
Unit 1.8 – Student B – Task 2 (p. 21)

You are discussing what event to organise in order to celebrate the 100th anniversary of your school.
These are your ideas about each option:

+ _
A lecture about the – It would make pupils even prouder of – Some people may find it boring.
school’s history the school. – It’s not a lively way to celebrate an
– I would be very interesting. anniversary.

An exhibition of – People can look at the photos and talk – Old photos may be delicate and get
photographs of the about them. damaged.
history of the school – Good way to learn more about the – It would need a professional
history of the school. exhibition organiser which is
expensive.
A reunion party with – Former pupils and teachers could meet – We would need to contact a lot of
former pupils and staff up with old friends. people.
– It would be fun.

An evening of music – These are always popular. – The school orchestra would have to
performances by pupils – We could ask past pupils to come and do all the work.
play. – It could be difficult for past pupils to
give up their time.

72 © Express Publishing PHOTOCOPIABLE

Interlocutor Cards

Interlocutor Card 3
Unit 2.8 – Student A – Task 2 (p. 52)

You are discussing what activity to choose for an adventure weekend being organised by your school.
These are your ideas about each option:

+ _
Camping – It’s relaxing. – Sleeping in a tent is uncomfortable.
– It isn’t difficult to do. – You need special equipment (e.g. tent,
– It doesn’t require specific skills. sleeping bag, etc).
Hiking – No equipment needed. – It is too physically challenging.
– Walking in nature is enjoyable. – There is a danger of getting lost.
– It develops cooperation.
Canoeing – It is something different and unusual i.e. – Some people may be afraid of water.
to be doing an activity on the water. – It could be expensive to hire all the
equipment.
Mountain bike riding – This is a good way to exercise. – Not everyone has a bike.
– It sounds exciting. – If the weather is hot it will be very
– Hiring bikes is not expensive. uncomfortable.

Interlocutor Card 4
Unit 2.8 – Student B – Task 2 (p. 53)

You are discussing what event to choose for an open day at the school for school leavers. These are
your ideas about each option:

+ _
A workshop on writing – These are very important skills when – These skills take much longer than
CVs and applications you looking for a job. half a day to master.

A seminar on – It would help students a lot because it is – It could be difficult to find a suitable
educational and training confusing to choose the best courses. speaker who has such wide
choices knowledge.
A talk on how to present – A professional careers advisor can give – Of all the topics this seems the least
yourself at interviews excellent advice. important for school leavers.
– Sometimes it’s fun hearing about mistakes
people make.

A lecture on the benefits – Anyone who is still undecided about this – By now students have already
of University will find it very helpful. considered these and made their
choices.

© Express Publishing PHOTOCOPIABLE 73

Interlocutor Cards

Interlocutor Card 5
Focus on RNE – Speaking Task 2 (p. 68)

You are discussing what film to choose to be shown at the local, summer film festival.These are your
ideas about each option:

+ _
A documentary – There are excellent quality and – Too serious.
informative.
– Good for all ages.

A comedy – Entertaining for everyone. – Humour is a very subjective thing. Not

everyone finds the same things funny.
A thriller – Creates an atmosphere of suspense. – They can be frightening.
– May not be suitable for children.
An adventure – The storylines are engrossing. – Most people have seen the good
ones.

Interlocutor Card 6
Unit 3.8 – Student A – Task 2 (p. 84)

You are discussing what event to choose for Safety Week at your school. These are your ideas about
each option:

+ _
A talk about safety in – As most accidents happen in the home it – People don’t realise the dangers that
the home is extremely practical information and are present in their homes and may
could save lives. not have much interest.

Designing a poster on – Everyone will want to join in as it sounds – Not everyone is artistic and some
road safety enjoyable. people may feel rather embarrassed
– A fun way to remind students about by the activity.
road safety.
A practical workshop – Cycling is dangerous if you don’t know – Only a limited number of students
on cycling safety the rules. will be able to participate.
– There isn’t enough room for bikes in
school.
A lecture from a fire - Fire officers are well respected by – Students may not like the idea of a
officer everyone, old and young alike. lecture and think it will be boring.

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Interlocutor Cards

Interlocutor Card 7
Unit 3.8 – Student B – Task 2 (p. 85)

You are discussing what event to choose for Technology Week at your school. These are your ideas
about each option:

+ _
A workshop on – Students would enjoy this as everyone – We would need a lot of computers
computer technology always needs to know more about how for it to be a practical exercise.
computers work.
– A hands-on activity.

A visit to a high-tech – Fascinating and educational. – A brief visit to a factory will not have
factory – Give students an insight into a possible much educational value.
career.
– Students like going on trips.
A lecture on the latest – This is important for students.They will – Students avoid lectures because they
developments in have to keep up to date with technology are too much like lessons.
technology for their careers.
A debate on the pros – A debate will give students plenty to – This only has intellectual value.
and cons of technology think about.
in the modern world – Students will be mentally involved.

Interlocutor Card 8
Unit 4.8 – Student A – Task 2 (p. 114)

You are discussing what event to choose for Space Exploration Week at your school. These are your
ideas about each option:

+ _
A visit to the Pulkovo – This would be exciting. – It might be expensive.
Astronomical – It would be educational. – It will require a lot of organisation.
Observatory
A lecture on space from – The subject is very interesting. – Students find lectures dull.
a professor of astronomy – It would be better to have something
interactive.
A talk by a cosmonaut – Students will be able to ask questions. – It might be difficult to find a
on space travel – It is about a real life experience. cosmonaut who is available.

A workshop on star – Students can learn to recognise stars and – Students would need a telescope to
watching how the night sky changes throughout benefit from it.
the year.

© Express Publishing PHOTOCOPIABLE 75

Interlocutor Cards

Interlocutor Card 9
Unit 4.8 – Student B – Task 2 (p. 115)

You are discussing what event to choose for Community Improvement Week at your school.These are
your ideas about each option:

+ _
A tree planting day – This is an enjoyable activity. – Money has to be raised to buy the
– Tree planting is doing something positive trees for planting.
for the community.
– It helps students build a sense of pride in
their community.
An afternoon cleaning – This would make a big difference to the – We would have to buy cleaning
up graffiti appearance of public places. materials.
– It would teach students that graffiti is – Students wouldn’t enjoy it because it’s
wrong. hard work.
A morning clearing – It would encourage students to take – It could be dangerous because
rubbish from the local pride in having clean public spaces. students could cut themselves on
park broken glass.
Designing a poster to – Students enjoy doing creative activities. - It wouldn’t actually in itself improve
encourage recycling – It would encourage a good community the local environment.
spirit.

Interlocutor Card 10
Focus on RNE – Speaking Task 2 (p. 130)

You are discussing what to organise for the senior year’s school leaving trip.These are your ideas about
each option:

+ _
Camping in a pine forest – It would be very relaxing. – It can be uncomfortable.
– Some people are nervous at night.

– It is exciting. – People who aren’t good swimmers

White-water rafting – It would provide a challenge. may not like this.
– Some people are afraid of extreme
sports.
Mountain trekking – The mountain air would be very healthy. – Trekking can be very tiring.
Sailing on a lake – A lake provides a calm protected area to – It depends on the wind.
sail in. – May be difficult for beginners.

76 © Express Publishing PHOTOCOPIABLE

Interlocutor Cards

Interlocutor Card 11
Unit 5.8 – Student A – Task 2 (p. 146)

You are discussing what event to choose for your school open day. These are your ideas about each
option:

+ _
A presentation about – Visitors can hear about the history of – It doesn’t sound very lively.
the school the school. – It would need to be very well
– Students will enjoy hearing about the organised.
achievement of former pupils.
A concert by a school – Everyone loves listening to music. – The band played a concert last
band – The school has one of the best bands in month.
the country.
– The art department produces excellent – It would be a lot of work for the art
An exhibition of work. department.
students’ artwork – It would show what students have – There may not be enough artwork
achieved. for a large exhibition.
A friendly football – Sport is always popular to watch. – A lot of people wouldn’t be at all
match between teachers – A good chance for some enjoyable interested.
and students rivalry.

Interlocutor Card 12
Unit 5.8 – Student B – Task 2 (p. 147)

You are discussing how a sum of money that has been given to your school would be best spent for
improvement to your school.These are your ideas about each option:

+ _
An Information – Teachers and students will be able to use it. – We are becoming too dependant on
Technology Centre – I’m sure this would be popular. computers.
– It would be the most used facility. – New technology develops so fast it
– We need to develop IT skills and keep up to would need constant updating.
date with what’s new in IT.

A new library – Students need more areas for private study. – Students use computers more than
– The present library is too small. books now.
A cafeteria – Students need somewhere to relax and – Money would be better spent for an
socialise. educational purpose.
– The present dining hall is very old. – It’s the least necessary new facility.
New outdoor sports - It would encourage students to keep fit and – Some people prefer using the gym
facilities healthy. and indoor facilities.
- It would enable students to do outdoor
winter and summer sports e.g. football and
athletics.

© Express Publishing PHOTOCOPIABLE 77

Tapescripts
MODULE 1 things can get when people have to work a bit to find
something that they have in common. It makes a nice
Unit 1.5 change from a bunch of people standing around talking
Exercise 3 (p. 14) shop all night. Also, always invite more people than you
Speaker 1 really want because some people always back out at the
I have to say that I wasn’t looking forward to the last minute.
evening. I’ve never really seen the attraction. But my Interviewer: Great.What about the invitations?
girlfriend is a huge fan, I think she had some lessons Hannah: Well, as a rule of thumb, you should send out
when she was younger, and because it was her birthday I the invitations about two to three weeks before the
promised to take her. It came as a total surprise, but by actual party. Stress on the invitation that you would
the end of the evening, I was completely hooked. The appreciate a reply. Personally, I always give an e-mail or
orchestra was fantastic and the music incredibly moving. fax address so that people have no excuse to say they
And the way the performers were able to show their couldn’t get back to me. If you’re having your party in a
emotions and tell a story through movement was so place that is hard to find, it’s a good idea to include a
impressive. I actually found it very exciting and I’ll map as well as the address and you might even want to
certainly go again. supply details about where guests can find parking. Oh,
and include the start and finish times of your party so
Speaker 2 that everybody can think about how they will get home.
Look, you just can’t beat the experience. I went to a Interviewer: Some very good ideas, Hannah. So, let’s go
festival last weekend. I know the tickets can be on to the party!
expensive these days, but you’d pay the same if you went Hannah: Right. Rule number one. It is essential that you
to a good restaurant, wouldn’t you? My friends and I try answer the door yourself and greet your guests
to go every month, but it really depends on who’s personally. When people come as couples, separate
touring and if they’re playing anywhere near. For me, the them and introduce them to other groups. Help them
real joy is being in a crowd of people.The atmosphere is along with a little prompt like, ‘Martha, this is Sue. She
so important. That’s what makes it so different from likes gardening too.’
playing the CD at home. Interviewer: Just to break the ice?
Hannah: Exactly. Now, when the party really gets going
Speaker 3
you can expect that you’re not going to have a moment
One performer on an empty stage.That’s how it started
to yourself. If you and someone else are holding the
and I remember wondering how he was going to fill the
party, you should get the other person to deal with the
time on stage. But as the act progressed, I realised that
drinks and food. If you’re on your own, ask someone in
he didn’t need any props, he didn’t even need any words.
advance if they’ll help out with the serving. I usually
With just a few simple movements and a different facial
choose a shy person because I find it gets them more
expression he pulled the audience into his world. We
involved if they have something to do. Something else to
believed in the situations he created, we saw things that
remember. Don’t get stuck in the kitchen all night.While
weren’t there and shared his emotions. I laughed when it
your guests might be interested in what they’re going to
was funny and cried when it was sad. It was a great
eat, they came to the party to see you. Don’t let the
evening.
food preparation keep you away from all the fun. Stay
relaxed, nobody wants a stressed-out host. Remember,
Unit 1.7
you’re with friends.
Exercise 1 (p. 18) Interviewer: Is there anything we should know about
Interviewer: In the studio today, I’m pleased to say that sit-down meals?
we have Hannah Evans of Popular People Magazine. Hannah: Yes. As a matter of fact, I was just getting to
Welcome, Hannah. So, you’re going to tell us all about that. I’ve always found that having a seating plan
what it is that makes the perfect party, right? practically guarantees a great party. I don’t know, I just
Hannah: Indeed I am, and this certainly is the season think that when you think out who’s going to sit next to
for parties. I simply love parties, the decorations, the who, you can arrange it in such a way that everyone will
lights, and all that wonderful food! be more comfortable during the meal. It also seems just
Interviewer: Me too. Now. First things first. How do a little bit more glamorous. I can’t abide watching guests
you decide who to invite? scrambling for a seat when you let them seat
Hannah: I always say be courageous with who you put themselves. Reminds me of that children’s game, musical
on your guest list. Invite people from different chairs, somehow.
backgrounds. Don’t invite people that all have the same
jobs or family situations.You’d be surprised how exciting

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Interviewer: Well, I think we’ve covered just about Speaker 4

everything Hannah. I was born and raised on a large farm. We had cows, a
Hannah: One last thing I did want to mention. It’s lot of cows, and it was my responsibility to feed them
about gifts. If someone brings you a present, try to open every morning. To me, these animals were just
it in front of them and thank them on-the-spot. It’s just something you raised and then sold for their meat, and,
so much nicer. If they’ve brought you chocolates, I think of course, at my house we ate a lot of meat. After I had
it’s pleasant if you serve them with coffee at the end of grown up and moved to the big city, I saw no reason to
the meal. Frankly, I think it’s horrid when hosts keep all change the way I ate. At least three times a week I was
the goodies … still cooking and consuming steaks and roasts and so on.
Then I began having health problems. My doctor put it
Exercise 2 (p. 19) down to lack of exercise and the way I ate. His diagnosis
Speaker 1 really frightened me and since then I’ve not touched a
I’m what people call a white-collar professional. You piece of beef. At first it was quite difficult, but now, two
know, the suits, the ties, the big office with a view. I must years later, I find I don’t miss it at all.
say it was quite tough getting to the top and now that Speaker 5
I’m here it’s pretty stressful. A lot of my colleagues play After I had been married for five years, I got a great
golf or squash when they want to let off steam after a promotion at the bank and we decided we could now
hard day. I was never interested in that kind of thing. My finally buy our first house. It wasn’t anything fancy, mind
wife is from the country so she’s always had an avid you. It was old and needed a lot of renovations. Now,
interest in gardening. A few months ago, I was watching I’ve always been good with my hands so I decided I
her plant some roses. She asked me for some help and would do most of the work myself. I built shelves and
for the first time in my life I actually got my hands dirty. cupboards, put in a new kitchen and, of course, painted
It was amazing. I can honestly say I’m hooked. I’ve come the house upstairs and down. Visitors always went on
to realise that there is nothing more soothing or and on about what a beautiful home it was. It was after
satisfying than planting something and watching it grow. at least five people asked me who had done the work
Speaker 2 on the house that I started to think about renovating
I’ve always been a perfectionist. If I can’t do something houses on the side. Of course, with my regular job at
perfectly, then I don’t want to do it at all. I studied hard the bank and now the work I do at the weekends, I
all through school and university and I always got top rarely have a moment to myself, but I love doing it, and
marks. On graduating, I got a fantastic job offer from a the extra cash is nothing to complain about either!
very reputable company. I worked my way up the ladder Speaker 6
and anybody at the firm will tell you that I always got The city has many advantages. It was fun to begin with
results.That is until management changed.The new boss and there were lots of job opportunities and things to
is the type that likes to come in and shake things up. do. But we began to miss the simple things in life, like a
Well, he just has a different way of thinking than I do. I walk on the beach and feeling more in tune with nature.
can’t work the way he wants me to.That’s why I decided We were both brought up in the country, so we took
to take up my brother-in-law’s offer. OK, so it’s a totally the plunge and moved here. Our city friends are amazed
different kind of thing to what I have been used to, but that we grow all our own fruit and vegetables and all the
I’m enjoying it and I’m doing things the way I want to. excess we trade with others for goods and services.
Speaker 3 Now, when I want my hair cut, my hairdresser accepts
My husband and I got married very young and I worked apples or potatoes instead of money.
in a supermarket so that he could finish his university
degree. Our kids came along very quickly and by the Exercise 3 (p. 19)
time little Joey, our youngest, had started school I was My name is Scott Ogilvy and I am a psychiatrist who
still only twenty-five. I was bored being at home alone all works primarily with withdrawn children. Because of
day. I mean, there are only so many hours you can fill their incredible shyness, these children have problems
playing tennis or doing crafts. My husband, Bill, knew I socialising and communicating with others. I have been
wasn’t happy so when he heard about the Sociology involved in my profession for over a decade now, and I
courses being offered at the local college he thought it can say with all confidence that animals have a key role
would be a good idea for me to look into them.Well, the to play when it comes to therapy, but I’m not the first
people at the college were very enthusiastic about my person to have realised this. Back in the 1960’s, the
secondary school grades and thought that I would do renowned American child psychiatrist, Boris Levinson,
very well on their programme. They were right! Last began using animals in his therapy sessions with young
week I got my diploma. I don’t know who was more disturbed patients.It all came about when he noticed
proud, me or my husband Bill.
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that having his pet dog in his office during sessions Unit 1.8
seemed to make patients more comfortable, and as a Speaking Task 1 (p. 20)
result, more willing to open up and talk about their
problems. Model Answer – Student A
Since the days Levinson first wrote about what he had Obviously, there are many benefits to public transport.
discovered, ‘pet therapy’ has been used widely by health Firstly, without public transport most people would not
professionals around the globe and not only in situations be able to get to work and the roads would be very
involving children. Many experts in the mental health congested with private cars. So public transport is a
field now regularly use animals to aid them in their work much more efficient way to travel than a private vehicle.
with patients. They have seen time and time again that But one of the drawbacks of using public transport is
animals can boost a troubled person’s self-esteem and that it is often very crowded and not as comfortable to
confidence, as well as improve their quality of life. travel with as your own car. It can be very
In 1977, two psychiatrists, Sam and Elizabeth Corson set uncomfortable especially during the morning and
up a programme at a psychiatric hospital in Ohio. Fifty evening rush hours when buses are packed and this is
patients took part in the programme which allowed made worse if there is a lot of congestion on the roads
each of the patients to choose a dog from a local kennel. as well.
At certain times of every day, the patients could play Although travelling in your own vehicle is more
with their new pet. The psychiatrists were amazed, and comfortable, private transport causes a lot of problems
very pleased, with the results. After only a very short on the roads in towns and cities. Sometimes you see a
period of time, the vast majority of patients reported car with only one person in it. This is very selfish as it
that they felt more independent and happier than they contributes to traffic congestion. It is much better to
had before taking part in the pet therapy programme use public transport where you have one vehicle
and that their relationship with the members of staff had carrying lots of people.Another problem is that there is
improved as well. not enough parking space for all the cars and roads can
Another study, which took place in Melbourne,Australia become blocked when there are too many cars parked
in 1981, aimed to measure the effect that pets had on along them.
the self-esteem and happiness of elderly people living in Public transport works out much cheaper than having
nursing homes. The main participant in the study was a your own vehicle. Having a car is very expensive
former guide dog named Honey. Honey, a golden because you pay a lot of money to buy it and then you
retriever, spent six months at the nursing home, also have to pay a lot for things like maintenance,
interacting with the people who lived there. At the end insurance, tax and petrol. If you use public transport
of the study, it was found that all of the sixty residents of regularly, you can buy a travel card each month and this
another nursing home who did not have an animal living is cheaper than buying a ticket every day.
with them were shown to be much more anxious and I don’t have a car because they cause a lot of pollution.
less interested in others than the nursing home My personal opinion is that people should use public
residents who had been involved with Honey. transport for travel or ride a bike or even walk. People
Similar results were produced over and over again. would be healthier and have more money if they
Patients in hospitals who were depressed and anxious stopped using their cars.
became much less so. Indeed, they said that the animals
not only decreased their sense of hopelessness but Speaking Task 2 (p. 20)
brought great happiness into their daily lives. They also Model Answer – Student A
reported that there changes in their outlook on life
A: Let’s talk about the first option, the silver watch.
were long lasting and most of the patients were able to
B: It seems like a really good idea to me because it’s
reduce the medication they were using.
something our teacher will be able to keep forever
Of course, as all pet-lovers know, you certainly don’t
as a souvenir of the school and also it’s a traditional
have to be ill, elderly or confined to a place to benefit
gift to give someone when they are retiring.
from having a dog, cat or other animal as part of your
A: Yes, you’re right. It’s a really special gift to give
life. Most professionals agree that simply having an
someone and I’m sure our teacher would be very
animal in the home can be incredibly calming for the
pleased with it.The only disadvantage I can think of
pet-owner. Generally speaking, it seems that people who
is that it’s quite an expensive gift to buy so we
are fond of animals and care for their pets are, perhaps
would need a lot of money to buy a good watch.
unsurprisingly, more likely to be more caring and
Well what about the framed photograph? It’s a nice
sociable in their relationships with other human beings
idea because our teacher would have something in
too.
his home that would always remind him of us, but
it’s not the best gift idea, is it?
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B: No, I’m not keen on it at all. It doesn’t seem very One thing that should be mentioned, though, is that
personal and I’m sure he must have lots of mass tourism can cause many environmental problems.
photographs of the school anyway. I think we Many beautiful places in the world have been ruined
should rule this idea out. because lots of hotels and restaurants have been built in
A: OK.Would it be better if we got the set of books? I them.This is the real disadvantage of foreign travel these
rather like this because it’s a special present that he days.
can keep and he’ll have plenty of time to enjoy Many people forget that it can be enjoyable to travel in
reading now that he’s retiring. I think books always your own country. Every country has beautiful
make a lovely present. countryside and interesting historical sites. Even your
B: I’m not sure I agree with that completely because own! When you travel in your own country you learn
although books are a nice present to get someone, more about your own culture and history. Also, it is
I think you need to be sure that you get them the good for the local economy because you are spending
right kind of books that they will really enjoy your money in your own country. I believe more people
reading. should consider taking holidays in their own country.
A: But everyone loves reading the classics, don’t they?
B: Not necessarily. Perhaps he prefers to read science Speaking Task 2 (p. 21)
books or history books. We’d have to be sure he Model Answer – Student B
likes reading literature or it would just be a waste if
he never read them. B: Well, I’d just like to say that the first option sounds
A: I suppose you have a point there. So, what about like a brilliant Idea. It would be very interesting to
the camera, then? This would be a very good gift find out about the school’s history. I believe it
because not only is it a special gift, it’s also a useful would make pupils even prouder of the school. Do
one, too. you agree with me that it would be popular?
B: Yes, it definitely is. I think this would make a great A: Possibly, but I’m not sure that everyone would
gift because it’s fun to take pictures and it’s also a enjoy a lecture. They might find it boring just
really good hobby if you’re interested in listening to somebody talking for a long time. It’s not
photography. These days, cameras are very hi-tech a very lively way to celebrate the anniversary, is it?
but they are also very easy to use and take great B: Yes, I see what you mean. How about the
photographs. photography exhibition then? That would be a bit
A: That’s true. The only thing is that it might be a bit livelier because people can look at the pictures and
expensive but I think it would be worth spending talk about them. It’s also a good way to learn more
money on something useful. So, are we agreed that about the history of the school and what life was
the camera is the best gift? like here in the past.
B: Yes, that’s the one we’ll choose. A: I’m not too sure about this either. It’s more
interesting than the lecture, but many of the old
Speaking Task 1 (p. 21) photographs might be very delicate and it would be
a shame if any of them got damaged in the
Model Answer – Student B exhibition. We’d need someone professional to
Many people say that travel broadens the mind because organise the exhibition and it could be expensive.
you can learn about the people and cultures of other B: I suppose you’re right. I hadn’t thought about that.
parts of the world. But I would say that this depends on OK, then. What about having a reunion party
the person who is travelling. Some people just go to because the pupils today would get to meet people
another country to lie on a beach and don’t even want who had been at the school in the past and former
to try the local food. If the person who travels abroad is pupils and teachers would get to meet old friends
interested in learning about the place they are visiting, again.
then foreign travel can be educational. A: Mmm. That sounds good. It would be popular
It’s fair to say that in the past it was very difficult for because it’ll be fun to have a party and lots of
ordinary people to travel abroad and that nowadays people will be able to tell each other all their
there are many more opportunities for foreign travel. stories about the past at the school.The only thing
Mass tourism and package holidays are quite cheap is that it will need to be well organised because we
these days so travelling abroad is no longer something would have to get in contact with lots of people.
that only wealthy people can do. I think it’s great that B: So what about the last option then? Some people
most people can have the chance to visit other might not be too keen on that because we often
countries if they want to. have concerts at the school so it wouldn’t be
anything special for many people. Do you agree
with me?
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A: Yes I do. And I’m not sure the school orchestra unhappy. So he took the monkey away from the Italian,
would have time to practice enough before the gave the man a shilling and told him to go away.
concert and it would be a shame if the concert
wasn’t up to standard. Focus on RNE
B: Are we decided on the reunion party then? Listening – Part 1 (p. 36)
A: Yes I think that’s definitely the best option.
Speaker 1 (young woman)
Unit 1.12 I find it hard to eat in the morning before I leave for
work at 6.30. The nutritionist at the local health centre
Exercise 2 (p. 28) tells me that it is the most important meal of the day,
Jane: Where’ve you been, Mark? I haven’t seen you for but I am never hungry at that time. I have lunch in the
ages. staff canteen and I often have dinner there as well
Mark: I’ve been at university in Liverpool. because I’m always at the office. My family and I usually
Jane: Liverpool, eh? I’ve been there. Did you have manage to have a meal together on Sundays. I know I
problems understanding the locals? They have a very could have a better diet if I spent less time at work but
strong accent, don’t they? that is impossible at the moment.
Mark: I couldn’t understand some things at first, but
Speaker 2 (young man)
after a while I got used to it and now it’s no problem
I eat healthy food and usually have fruit if I want a snack.
whatsoever. It’s not just the way they pronounce the
I like cooking and cook for my friends once or twice a
words, either. They actually speak their own dialect,
month. What is astonishing is that the younger
called Scouse.
generation don’t know how to cook, not even a simple
Jane: How do you mean?
dish of pasta. These days as both parents work, the
Mark: I mean they have their own words for some
parents haven’t got the time to teach their children to
things. Instead of food they say ‘scran’. Thank you is ‘ta’.
cook properly. Learning to cook properly is very
They don’t say lots of, they say ‘bags of’. When I first
important if you want to be healthy.
went out with some friends from Liverpool, I needed a
dictionary to understand what they were saying. Speaker 3 (young lady)
Jane: But the grammar’s the same, isn’t it? My family’s eating habits are changing. It is easier to buy
Mark: Not always. Instead of ‘we were playing’, they ready-made food in bulk than to cook from scratch. I
might say ‘we was playin.’ use lack of time as an excuse. Sadly, we have slowly
Jane: So what are you studying at university? exchanged traditional dishes for hotdogs, burgers, and
Mark: English! chips. I usually have my lunch at a fast food restaurant. I
do worry about my unhealthy lifestyle and hope that
Unit 1.13 supermarkets will start to offer more natural foods for
Exercise 6 (p. 31) sale so that I can select what I buy.
After a while, with the parrot’s help, the Doctor learnt Speaker 4 (teenage girl)
the language of the animals so well that he could talk to I come from a Malaysian family and as you may know,
them himself and understand everything they said.Then food is very important in our culture. We are always
he gave up being a people’s doctor altogether. Old ladies inviting friends and relations to eat with us. As life is
began to bring him their pet dogs who had eaten too always hectic, my family come together on Sundays, and
much cake; and farmers came many miles to show him my mother usually cooks several dishes, mainly with
cows which had the flu, and sheep with broken bones. coconut milk. Coconut milk is not very healthy and I
One day a plough-horse was brought to him; and the realise I must be more careful about what I eat and take
poor thing was terribly glad to find a man who could talk more exercise.That’s the plan, anyway!
in horse-language. “You know, Doctor,” said the horse,
Speaker 5 (teenage boy)
“that vet over the hill knows nothing at all. I am going
Food is extremely important in my family. In fact, the
blind in one eye. But that stupid man over the hill never
kitchen is the centre of my home life and the family
even looked at my eyes.What I need is spectacles.”
generally tend to meet here for breakfast and dinner
“Certainly,” said the Doctor. And soon it became a
and talk about the day. Dinner at home is around seven
common sight to see farm-animals wearing glasses in the
in the evening and I usually help my mother to prepare
country round Puddleby; and from then on there was
the food. I love watching her cook and hope to be a chef
never a blind horse.
someday. We eat healthily at home and I think eating
Once an Italian organ-grinder came round with a
problems arise when people don’t have a balanced diet.
monkey on a string. The Doctor saw at once that the
monkey’s collar was too tight and that he was dirty and

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Speaker 6 (teenage girl) unacceptable. How would we feel if we were kept in tiny
I love food, absolutely adore it. I also love exercise and spaces and only allowed out when it’s time to perform?
cycle to and from school, which is a ten-kilometre round It’s not surprising the animals are stressed and
trip. It is cereal for breakfast and salad with pasta for exhausted. It’s not an appropriate home for a wild
lunch at school. I always eat dinner with my parents at animal. It seems a real shame to me that they constantly
home around at seven and as they are vegetarians, so am have to travel from one town to the next. Wild animals
I. I think that being healthy is easy; it is simply a choice should be in their natural habitats and living behind bars
that you have to make. clearly won’t do. In my opinion, it’s a disgrace!

Listening – Part 2 (p. 36) Unit 2.4

Nicola: So are you still planning to travel once the Exercises 11 (p. 45)
exams are over? Rosa: It was unbelievably frightening. I went out into the
David: Yes, for sure. I’ve wanted to go travelling for so street and people were just running about, shouting and
long, it will be the perfect reward after all this hard screaming in the rain. Some pipes must have burst because
work. Just two more exams and I’m off. the street was flooded. I tried to get as many people as I
Nicola: So you’re leaving straight after the History exam? could away from the building as it might have collapsed at
David: No, a week later. I need some time to prepare any moment. But as I was doing that, there was an
and pack ... and recover a little bit from exam stress! aftershock and everyone panicked. It was a long time
Nicola: You must be excited, though! Where are you before the authorities said it was safe to go back inside.
going to go first? Liam: You just don’t expect something like that when
David: I’ll catch the ferry to France first of all, and spend you’re on holiday, do you? At the hotel, everyone was
two or three weeks in Paris before heading for the talking about a weather system coming in from the
south of France. After that I plan to travel around south. I’ve never seen anything like it. It all happened so
Europe for a couple of months and end up in the Greek suddenly.The roof was shaking like it was going to come
islands. By the time I get there, I think I will be feeling off. Trees were blowing over and all the pool furniture
more like my old self! was flying around in the pouring rain.We spent the rest
Nicola: Yeah, I know what you mean, this year has been of the holiday helping the locals tidy up.
really tough. I’m thinking about going away too, but not May: It was the noise that was worst of all. I mean, you
to travel around, just to lie on a beach somewhere and might have seen it happen on TV but really being there is
relax.That just sounds perfect right now. something else entirely. It was like thunder but it just
David: Any ideas where you’ll go? If you’re hoping to go carries on and gets louder and louder as it gets closer.
somewhere hot, Mexico is great at this time of year. From the hotel we could see it. It looks like a huge white
Nicola: Yes, so I hear. I’m not really sure though, I’ll take cloud, but don’t let it fool you.That’s a solid wall of snow
some time to search for a bargain before booking my and you don’t want to get caught up in that, I can tell you!
holiday. My parents often wait for a last minute deal and
it always turns out okay, so I’ll try that. Unit 2.6
David: Good plan. So are you ready for the Maths exam
on Tuesday? Exercise 10 (p. 49)
Nicola: Well, revision is going okay but module four is Ann: I don’t see what all the fuss is about Ben. It
very difficult. I’m going to see Mrs. Clarke after lunch seems to me that extreme sports involve a lot of
about it. She told me to come to see her if I had any showing off. Most of the people who do them
problems. How are you finding it? are young men so I think they like to think of
David: Okay I suppose. I’ve been mainly concentrating themselves as action heroes or something.
on the final module, so I’m afraid I can’t really help you Ben: You may have a point,Ann, but you get to test your
with module four. If it is really as difficult as you say I limits with extreme sports in a way that nothing
might have to go and see Mrs Clarke myself! else comes close to especially as many people
these days have boring sedate jobs in offices. I need
MODULE 2 the thrill and adventure that extreme sports offer.

Unit 2.2
Exercise 7a (p. 41)
The circus coming to town used to be the highlight of
my year, but that was before I found out how those
poor animals are treated. Do you know they often live
in poor conditions and cramped cages? That’s just
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Ann: If you’re talking about windsurfing and snowboarding through scheduled events and seminars so that our
then I will agree but sports like base jumping, sky clients are forced, if I may use the term, to interact so
diving and mountain climbing are just too dangerous. that only by working as a team can they complete the
You are risking your life more than testing your tasks that we set for them.
agility. Interviewer: Very interesting. Sounds rather like the
Ben: No, sorry. I can’t agree with you Ann.There is an basis for a reality TV show Jed. (laugh)
element of danger involved, that’s true, but most Jed: (laugh) Not at all, Sue. Let me tell you about the
people aren’t so crazy that they will jump out of events that we organise and you’ll see more clearly what
an aeroplane or climb a mountain without the I’m getting at. What we do at the camp is offer a wide
proper equipment and the proper training. range of activities that can only be accomplished
Ann: They may get the training to start with but then through teamwork, or team spirit. Clients can
once they’ve been doing it a while they start to participate in things like canoeing, raft building, rock
take more and more risks.They need to be more climbing or, what we have discovered is in very high
daring to get the same thrill as before. It’s like they demand, paintballing. All of these activities have one
get addicted to the danger and so they need to do thing in common and that is that they require
more dangerous things to feel an adrenaline rush. teamwork. And as the activities proceed, each member
Ben: Hmm. I suppose that’s possibly true for some of the team realises where their skills and talents best
people – but not for me. come into play.What happens time and time again is that
Ann: We’ll see.Time will tell I suppose. you see a client who views himself as something of a
follower in the workplace suddenly come to the
Unit 2.7 realisation that in actual fact he is a natural born leader.
Exercise 1 (p. 50) Interviewer: Really? I’m intrigued.
Jed: I think what happens is that when we are at work,
Interviewer: Anyone who has ever worked in a big we accept the roles that we are given and just go about
company, or any company for that matter, knows how fulfilling them. But the sad thing is many times we are
important it is for members of staff to pull together to delegated tasks that are simply not suited to our
get the job done. Unfortunately, there are occasions personalities.When this happens both the employee and
where co-workers have problems co-operating.With us the employer are being cheated. Our goal at the camp is
in the studio today we have Jed Kramer, an expert on to reveal what an employee really has within himself that
how to get people working as a team. Jed, thanks for would make him a valuable asset to his company.
coming today. Interviewer: What a great concept. Jed, can you tell us
Jed: My pleasure, Sue. what it is like at one of your weekend retreats?
Interviewer: So, to begin with, why don’t you tell our Jed: Certainly. When our clients first arrive they are
audience a bit about what you do? shown around the camp and given the opportunity to
Jed: That sounds like a good place to start! Well, what I get themselves settled. Then, we all gather for a sort of
do is motivate people in such a way so that they give ‘welcome session’. Here, clients are given the
one hundred percent to whatever business or company opportunity to talk about themselves and to say where
they are employed by. Of course, it goes without saying, they believe their weakness and strengths lie.That takes
that in order to do that one has to be able to work with up most of the morning and then we break for lunch.
others as a team. After the break, the fun starts. People are divided into
Interviewer: I’m in full agreement on that one, Jed. And teams and spend the next four hours being instructed
how exactly do you go about building this ‘team spirit’ and participating in whatever type of activity they have
you mentioned? opted for. Directly after that, we get together again to
Jed: Well, believe it or not, it is much easier than you discuss how we think we did. It is very interesting to
may think. Essentially, what I do is get people together hear the results, believe me!
and put them into situations where their strongest Interviewer: What do you mean exactly?
characteristics are revealed. For example, I’ve seen Jed: Well, time and time again, we have discovered that
people, when put to the challenge, suddenly finding many of the people who have said that they are happier
within themselves the abilities to be great leaders, in the more secondary roles end up being the ones who
amazing organisers or even top-notch negotiators. All it take on the primary roles in their chosen event. It’s
takes is the proper setting and people will show simply a case of people underestimating themselves and
themselves for what they really are. failing to recognise what they really have in them.
Interviewer: And where is this ‘proper setting’ that you Interviewer: Sadly, Jed, we are running out of time. Can
mentioned? you tell us briefly about accommodation?
Jed: It’s a camp.Well, a kind of camp.We like to call it a Jed: Sure. At our camp it is all-important to us that our
team building camp.The camp is organised in such a way, clients really get to know their colleagues. That is the
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major theme of the camp and we take it very seriously. Speaker 4

With that in mind, accommodation is shared. Clients are Kim and I had been best mates from the day we could
put up in ranch-style buildings, each building can walk. At least that’s what our mums tell us. She and I
accommodate between four and ten people. The went through everything together: first day of school,
buildings are quite luxurious and everything from linens first crushes, and first heartbreaks.When the time came,
to room service is provided. As an added bonus, a full we even chose to go to the same university.As the years
English breakfast is part of the fee. It’s a shame we don’t went by, both of us married and settled down. Kim had
have time … (fade) twins and I had one child, Matthew. Hard to believe that
we had our first and only falling out about how to bring
Exercise 2 (p. 50) up kids, isn’t it? She made a comment that I sheltered
Speaker 1 Matt too much, which I did, I responded that her house
When I was fifteen, I heard a song on the radio that was like a zoo, and things went downhill from there.Two
contained lyrics that I thought were absolutely amazing. I years went by and we didn’t exchange a word. It was
could not understand how anyone had had the genius to only after coming across a hilarious photo of the two of
use those particular words and then set them to music. us that I came to see what an idiot I had been. I will
It really made me want to be a songwriter. Well, after never forget the joy in her voice when she realised it
attending university I entered the banking industry and was me on the other end of the phone.
became very wealthy. But was I happy? No. I had never Speaker 5
been married or had children, and the only person I had I developed asthma as a very young child. As a result,
to worry about was me. So, last year I threw in the things that were routine for most of my friends, playing
towel on my banking job, moved to the country and chase, swimming in the river or going hiking were taboo
started songwriting. I know I’m not going to make a mint for me. My mum, being a concerned mother, tried to
but at least I’m doing what I always wanted to do. protect me as much as she could. At the time I held it
Speaker 2 against her but, of course, she was only doing what she
I was never what you could call a couch potato. For had to. Thankfully, I grew out of my asthma, and was no
years, I played squash a couple of times a week with the longer known as the kid ‘who couldn’t breathe right’.
boys from the office and there wasn’t a Saturday that After an athletics coach took me under his wing, my
went by that didn’t see me out kicking a ball around confidence began to grow. With his support, I began to
with my son, George. Then I had a heart attack. Thank feel I could accomplish anything I wanted and I was no
goodness it wasn’t a major one, but it certainly got me longer scared.
thinking about what kind of condition I was in. I got Speaker 6
involved with the British Heart Foundation and changed I’ve been working for the same company for about
my diet and my exercise programme. I decided I wanted fifteen years. I’ve got quite a good position and the job is
to participate in their run to raise money for research interesting. A couple of years ago, I was offered a
into heart disease. I trained hard, I got frustrated, and promotion and to everyone’s surprise I turned it down.
then I trained harder. The day I completed the 20 The pay would have been better, of course, and that was
kilometre run, was one of the proudest days of my life. quite tempting. But in the end, I realised I just didn’t
Speaker 3 want the extra responsibility. It would have meant
When I first walked through the doors, I felt like I travelling on business trips, too, and I didn’t want to be
wanted to wither and die. All those strange faces, away from my family either.
intimidating rooms and unknown corridors made my
knees knock. I really thought I was going to faint. All I Exercise 3 (p. 51)
could think was that this was all my dad’s fault.Why did Interviewer: For most of us, it is a big enough challenge
he have to accept that promotion? Why did we have to to meet the demands of a regular full-time job, never
leave the town where I had been born and raised for mind take on extra duties like rescue work. Since 1999
twelve years? Then, I started to feel selfish. I knew the Steve Johnson has been working as a volunteer
answers to both questions. My father wanted to make a mountain rescuer. Steve, thanks for finding a spare
better life for me and my mum. I stopped feeling sorry moment to share your experiences with us.
for myself, straightened my shoulders and made a silent Steve: You’re welcome.
promise to myself to make the best of it. Interviewer: Can anyone do rescue work?
Steve: People from all walks of life can attend classes
part-time at special search and rescue academies. Many
have a love of the outdoors and are experienced
climbers. One thing they all share is enthusiasm and
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dedication. They receive a mixture of classroom-based get the job done.You need to communicate the plan to
instruction and hands on field training to become entry- everyone involved – the big picture and the individual
level searchers. But, training is on-going, with many tasks – and you need teams that can get it done
training weekends throughout the year for people to effectively in good time. You always have to think one
sharpen their skills. Often a past search mission is step ahead.
recreated. While fictional, this gives us the opportunity Interviewer: What advice do you have to keep
to test skills like tracking down lost individuals, mountaineers from becoming rescue candidates?
extracting a trapped victim or rescuing an injured hiker Steve: Mountaineering is a serious sport. That means,
from the face of a cliff. you can’t just go out and do really hard routes with no
Interviewer: It can’t compare with real rescue missions, real knowledge. The key components to safe climbing
surely? are good equipment, good experience, and good
Steve: When you’re out there for real it’s an emotional judgement. You can’t prevent 100 percent of accidents,
roller-coaster.You feel proud to be out there helping but but many are avoidable. Climbing can be very safe if you
you can get so frustrated and even angry at times. Some go into it knowing the risks, knowing your limits and
people don’t appear to use any judgement whatsoever. acting accordingly.
They set off in normal clothing and a little rucksack – no
ropes, helmet, or experience. They have no idea of the Unit 2.8
basic guidelines, the ‘Ten Essentials.’ Speaking Task 1 (p. 52)
Interviewer: The ‘Ten Essentials’? Can you tell us more?
Steve: In the 1930s, a club in America came up with a Model Answer – Student A
list of ten items they considered essential to carry with Basically, in my opinion, the key to being successful when
you when you go up in the mountains. someone has set themselves a challenge, is to be well-
Interviewer: Such as …? prepared. It doesn’t matter if the challenge is a mental
Steve: Things to help you find your way, protect you challenge or a physical one, preparation is the key. If it’s a
from the weather and things to help you in emergencies. mental challenge, like sitting an important exam or
The list has changed over the years as technology has taking part in a quiz, then it is a good idea to study hard
advanced. for it. In the case of an important exam, I believe that
Interviewer: Do you recommend using a Global you have to start revising long before the exam, not just
Positioning System? at the last minute.
Steve: A GPS device can give you a very precise When it comes to a physical challenge, such as climbing
indication of your position alright, but it isn’t much use a mountain, or taking part in an athletics competition, it
to you if the batteries go flat! No, I am not all that keen is very important to train for it so that you are in peak
on these modern systems because they can so easily fail condition. Top athletes have to train for years in order
you just when you need them most. In fact, the only to be fit enough to compete in events like the Olympic
electrical item on my list of essentials is a good Games. But even ordinary people who just want to do
waterproof torch – with extra bulbs and batteries – you something different, such as running a marathon, have to
might find yourself caught out after dark. have the same dedication as a professional athlete and
Interviewer: And it’s also a good tool for signalling for they have to give up a lot of their spare time to train.
help – to show your position in the dark. As far as I’m concerned, preparing for any kind of
Steve: Exactly. Of course, there’s always the chance you challenge can bring people a lot of benefits.You need a
might have to spend the night in the open in which case lot of determination to succeed, but success can bring a
you need to be able to start a fire. Some people include strong sense of achievement and give you more
waterproof matches in their essential items, but these days confidence in your abilities. I think that if you believe in
you can get good, cheap lighters which are easier to use. yourself then you can do anything you want to.
Interviewer: I guess water is on the list too, right? As for myself, I enjoy both mental and physical
Steve: You should always carry enough water with you. challenges because I think it’s important to have both a
It depends on the time of year, but generally speaking, healthy mind and a healthy body. I love playing football. I
you cannot rely on collecting rainwater in an have to work hard to keep my place in the school team
emergency. And you need to make sure that any water and to help the team do well in competitions, but it’s
you get from streams is safe to drink. good fun as well. The same goes for my school work. I
Interviewer: Has your attitude to the job changed over want to do well in my exams and get good marks. This
the years? means I have to study hard, but I don’t mind because I
Steve: Since becoming team leader I have taken on far enjoy doing well and I know it will be good for me and
more responsibility, but it’s a great honour for me to do my future.
the job. Rescue is all about problem solving skills and
communication.You have to select people you know can
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Speaking Task 2 (p. 52) Speaking Task 1 (p. 53)

Model Answer – Student A Model Answer – Student B
A: So, let’s get started then. Camping sounds like a lot There is no doubt in my mind that it is very important
of fun to me. It’s a really relaxing activity and it isn’t for young people to have a high standard of education, if
challenging or difficult to do. I think this could be a they are going to do well in the future and get a good
popular activity because it doesn’t require any job. Firstly, the education they get should help them to
effort at all. gain knowledge, and develop their skills and talents as
B: I’m not really sure this is the best choice for the well.This will help them to get the qualifications that are
weekend. Camping can be fun, I agree. But some appropriate for the kind of work they want to do.That is
people really don’t like sleeping in a tent because it why it is important that the standard of teaching in
can be a bit uncomfortable, for one thing. Another schools is high and a wide range of subjects are taught.
problem is that everyone would need to have a tent I don’t think it is necessary to go to university to get a
and other equipment too. good job because it depends on the kind of work you
A: I think you’re right about that.Well let’s look at the want to do. Obviously, though, anyone who wants to
next choice then, hiking. It doesn’t need a lot of have a career as a doctor or lawyer for example, will
equipment, just a map and a compass. It’s quite a need to get a degree.Another thing I’d like to point out is
challenging activity because it can be hard work that having a degree can help you improve your
walking in the countryside all day. But you get the prospects and get a better paid job because it shows that
chance to feel close to nature and it’s an activity you have a high level of education. But going to university
that encourages cooperation between the isn’t the only way to make sure of getting a decent job.
participants.What do you think? Another way is to go for vocational training at a college.
B: Yes, I think this is a good activity too. It can be quite Here, you can learn about a job if you want to work as
challenging to go hiking and we would need to something like an electrician or a computer engineer.
make sure it was properly organised so that Training schemes are a very good way of getting a
nobody gets lost. I think we should consider this as qualification that employers can trust. I also think that
a possible choice for an activity. practical experience in the job you want to do can be
A: Ok, we’ve got two more choices to look at first. very helpful too. So, apart from taking courses to train
Next on the list is canoeing. This is a very thrilling for a job, it’s a great idea to get as much hands-on
activity and I think it would be popular with a lot of experience as you can.
people because it’s so adventurous and very I believe that my education is very important for my
different from other activities. future career as I would like to work as a scientist. At
B: It does sound like a lot of fun doesn’t it? But would it the moment, I am working very hard to make sure I get
be popular with everybody? I think it depends on the good grades at school and pass all my exams so that I
type of person you are. Some people might think it’s can get a place at a first-rate university. Of course, being
a bit too adventurous and that it could be dangerous. well-educated is only the beginning because it’s up to me
A: I don’t really agree with that because it is supposed to make sure that I make the most of the career
to be an adventure weekend, after all. What about opportunities available to me. I think that the best way
the final choice – riding mountain bikes in the to get what you want out of life is to know what you
countryside? It sounds great to me and it’s a good want and to work hard for it.
form of exercise too. We can hire mountain bikes
for the day and it’s not expensive. How does it Speaking Task 2 (p. 53)
sound to you? Model Answer – Student B
B: It sounds exciting, without being too dangerous or
too difficult.You do need to be fit though. It might B: Shall I start? Our first choice is a workshop on
be strenuous for some people. I like this idea but I writing letters of application and how to write a
can’t decide if this or the hiking would be a better good CV.This would be quite a useful activity to do
choice. because they are very important skills to have
A: You’re right that riding bikes can be very when you are trying to find a suitable job. Do you
challenging, especially if it’s a hot day. Hiking is the agree?
best idea because it means everyone can enjoy the A: I agree that these are good skills to have but I don’t
countryside and doing something challenging think you can learn to do them properly in just one
without having to be really fit. afternoon.These are skills that need to be taught in
B: OK, let’s choose the hiking activity. I think it will be the classroom, I think. Another thing is that it might
a great adventure activity. be a bit dull just sitting writing letters and organising
A: Me too. a CV all afternoon. I’m not too keen on this idea.

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B: OK. The next choice is a seminar on the pollution and industrial waste was deposited into the
educational and training opportunities available for ocean. Over many years the sea developed a thin layer
school leavers.This sounds like a great idea.You can of chemicals on its surface because of the pollution.This
learn a lot in an afternoon and I think this could be layer stopped seawater being evaporated by the sun,
popular because it can be very confusing trying to which meant no clouds, and so no rain.
work out which are the best courses to do without
some helpful advice. Focus on RNE
A: Yes, this kind of seminar could be helpful, I agree. Listening – Part 3 (p. 68)
The only thing I’m wondering about is if we can find
someone who knows enough about all the courses I only started going to the after-school drama club for a
available because there are so many and I’m sure bit of a laugh.All my friends used to go and so there was
students would have lots of questions to ask. no-one to hang out with after school. I wasn’t really that
B: Well let’s keep that idea in mind while we look at bothered about drama. It always seemed a bit silly to
the other remaining choices we have.What do you me, wearing black and prancing around a stage, but I
think about a careers consultant giving tips on how thought I’d check it out. Well, the first time I went I
to do well at job interviews? This would be a very couldn’t stop laughing! Everyone seemed to take it so
practical activity for the students because they can seriously. They were all competing for the main part in
get professional advice about all the things they the play and trying to impress the drama teacher. But
should and shouldn’t do in an interview. not me, I would have been happy enough to sit in the
A: Yes, I like this idea even more than the seminar on wings and just watch.Anyway, we all had to read a script
education and training. I think this will be and I was given one for an old beggar woman, so
interesting for the students and it could be fun, too, hunching over and putting on an elderly voice I started.
talking about all the silly mistakes people make at When I finished, the drama teacher asked if I had ever
job interviews. As long as the speaker knows how acted before because I seemed very natural. I was really
to make the talk interesting, I think this is a very surprised, and before I knew it, I’d been given the main
good choice. part! Well, once I got used to the idea I really began to
B: So, onto the last choice. A lecture about the enjoy myself. I started looking forward to getting up on
benefits of going to university. This could be quite stage at the rehearsals after school. We rehearsed for
good if students get some useful information about weeks before the final show. And what a show it was!
what life at university is really like and what to The school hall was packed full of parents, relatives and
expect when you get there. But most students members of the local community. I was pretty shocked
already know a lot about the benefits of going to when I saw the crowd and I started to get butterflies.
university so they might not find it that interesting But, I needn’t have worried as it was a fantastic evening!
or helpful. I got a great response from the audience but I was so
A: And we should remember that a lot of the school tired afterwards that I slept for twelve hours. After the
leavers won’t be going to university anyway. Some final performance everything went back to normal. I
will be doing other forms of training or looking for went to lessons, met my friends after school and rode
work straight away. I don’t think this will appeal to my bike to the park – everything I used to do before the
all the students. I still think the best choice is the play. Then one day, when I got home from school, my
talk on doing well at interviews. mum was waiting for me by the door. She had a letter in
B: That’s settled then because I agree that everyone her hand addressed to me. I hardly ever get mail so it
will find it interesting. Even people who are going to was quite strange. Anyway I opened it as my mum and
go into further education now will need job little brother crowded round. I couldn’t believe what I
interview skills eventually. was reading! It was a letter from a drama college in the
A: I agree. nearby city. One of the school’s directors had been to
see the school play and had been impressed by my
Unit 2.13 acting. The letter said that he thought I had great
potential and they were inviting me to attend an open
Exercise 6b (p. 63) day and to take part in a drama workshop at the college.
Even though it is normal to think that a drought is a I was so excited! Well, I spent hours finding a part from
natural disaster, the drought in The Burning World is a play that I could present in the workshop. My drama
caused by man. Normally, seawater evaporates and teacher at school helped me rehearse and I even
forms clouds.These clouds are a collection of water, and performed my piece in front of my auntie and uncle.
when it rains the water is released. In The Burning World Then the big day came! My dad dropped me off at the
there is no rain because this normal process has been drama college and I went in. It was really exciting to get
interrupted. The problem in the novel began when the chance to spend a day doing drama with some of the
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best teachers in the country. In the workshop we learnt Unit 3.4

about stage craft, movement and how to use your voice Exercise 5 (p. 77)
properly. I was really disappointed when the day came to
an end. But I knew then that what I really wanted to do A: How can I help you?
was go to drama school and I decided to apply for an B: I’m looking for a new mobile phone.
audition to get a place at the school. A: OK. Do you have a specific make or model in mind?
B: I like the new Motorola one that flips open.
Well, that was two months ago. Yesterday I received a A: Do you mean this one?
letter offering me a place on the drama course to start B: Yes.What colours does it come in?
in October. Not bad for someone who only went to A: Black, silver or pink.
drama club for a laugh hey? B: I like the silver one. How much is it?
A: Well, will it be on a contract or ‘pay as you go’?
B: Pay as you go.
MODULE 3
A: In that case it’s £130.
Unit 3.2 B: OK. Can I pay by credit card?
Exercise 8 (p. 73) A: Of course. Follow me.

A: Could you please tell me in your own words Unit 3.5

exactly what happened?
B: Certainly, officer. It was about ten past one and two Exercise 3 (p. 78)
men with motorcycle helmets came in and told Speaker 1
everyone to stay calm and get on the floor. I know there are warnings all over the subway station and
A: Where were you? security guards on the platforms, but you never really
B: I was in the queue waiting to be served over there. expect it to happen to you. I don’t even know where or
A: I see. Could you tell me what happened next? when it happened. It must have been when I was on the
B: Well, I got on the floor and so did everyone else. train. We were all crammed in and everyone was
One of the men stayed by the door and the other squashed up against the person next to them. I didn’t feel
one held up the teller and told her to hand over all anything, though, nothing at all. It wasn’t until I was in the
the cash. As soon as she did they just left and I supermarket buying some milk that I realised that my
didn’t see anything else. wallet wasn’t there. OK, I didn’t lose a lot of money, but
A: Thank you.We may have some more questions for I’ve lost my bank card and my credit card. It’s so annoying.
you later. Could I have your name and address,
Speaker 2
please?
I still can’t believe it. It was over so quickly, I just didn’t
B: Certainly. It’s John Smith, 54 Old Road, Moortown.
have time to think. I was walking along, minding my own
A: Thank you.
business when a young man asks me directions to
Moore Street. Next thing I knew, he’d grabbed my bag
Unit 3.3
and was running off. I screamed and shouted, but he’d
Exercise 1 (p. 74) ducked down a side-street and vanished. I found a
Tony: I’m a serious gamer. I play for hours every day. I policeman and told him what had happened, but he said
like role-play games, shooting games, especially old-style there was little chance of finding him without a proper
arcade games. I also like virtual reality games where you description and witnesses. I was really upset by the
can create your own avatar.They’re just so much fun. whole thing.And it happened in broad daylight, too!
Lisa: I just couldn’t live without it. It’s my social lifeline. I Speaker 3
text my friends all the time and I call people whenever I We’d been shopping all day and we were just really glad
want. It’s never out of my hand. I like to take pictures of to get back home. I was putting the car in the garage
funny things and MMS them to people, too. when I heard the kids shouting.The front door was open
Sophie: Mine is permanently attached to my ear. I’ve got and you could see that someone had forced their way in. I
about 2,000 songs on it and I get lost in my music all the told the kids to get a neighbour to phone the police.We
time. It’s great for on the train or the bus. I can hide my stayed outside until they came and they made sure there
headphones under my hair anytime I want and shut out was no-one still inside. They’d taken the TV, the DVD
the outside world. player and some cash that was by the phone. And of
course nobody heard or saw a thing.We’ve now installed
an alarm system, so hopefully it won’t happen again.

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Unit 3.6 Woman: I must admit I hadn’t thought about that. So

Exercise 7 (p. 81) what really needs to happen is that cameras should be
put up all over town, so the criminals can’t commit any
A: It happened one night when Tony and I had gone out crime whatsoever.
to the cinema.We locked the house as we always do Man: No way. I don’t want to be watched from the
and caught the bus into town. We watched a film moment I leave my house to the moment I get to work.
and grabbed a bite to eat afterwards. It’s an invasion of privacy and how do I know that the
B: And that’s when you were burgled? film won’t be used elsewhere?
A: Yes, looking back on it now I suppose it was good Woman: How do you mean?
that we didn’t come straight home. Man: Those TV shows that have people doing stupid
B: So what happened when you did get home? things that are caught on camera, tripping, falling over,
A: I just couldn’t believe my eyes. It was heartbreaking. getting hit on the head.You know the type of thing.
They’d broken in through a window and completely Woman: Do you often do stupid things on the way to
ransacked the place. work?
B: That must have been awful for you. Man: No.Well, not often, but that’s not the point.What
A: It was terrible – much worse than I thought it we really need is a return to the local policeman,
would be. All our valuables were taken and the rest someone you can rely on, someone you know is close
of our possessions were smashed and ruined. to hand, someone who’ll help you when you need help.
B: I suppose you called the police? Woman: I must admit, I haven’t seen a policeman in my
A: Of course, but while we were waiting for them to area for ages.There used be one who patrolled the area
arrive I kept noticing that more things that were when I was a child, but those days are long gone.
broken or missing and I just couldn’t bear it any Man: We’ve lost the human touch. Stopping crime
longer. I had to go outside. It was driving me mad. means the police and the public working together, face
B: I can understand that, but you were fully insured, to face. It builds trust and a feeling of community. CCTV
weren’t you? just makes everyone feel like naughty schoolchildren. It’s
A: Yes. The insurance company was very efficient and just not right.
helped us with the process of replacing everything. Woman: If you really feel that strongly about it, you
It was a huge weight off our shoulders that they should become a police officer.
made it as easy as possible. Although it has to be Man: I am a police officer!
said that cash value and sentimental value are
completely different. I mean, it took me a long time Exercise 2 (p. 82)
to come to terms with losing my grandmother’s
ring.That was irreplaceable. Speaker 1
B: What a nightmare! At least it’s all over now. I’ve always found it so annoying having to put sunscreen
A: Yes, but I don’t think anyone gets over something on several times a day when I’m at the beach. It’s so
like that completely. messy and all the sand sticks to it. So that’s why I thought
I’d try this new brand.You supposedly only need to put
Unit 3.7 on one application and it lasts all day. Well, I was bright
red by the time I left the beach! I couldn’t believe it – I
Exercise 1 (p. 82) mean, you just take it for granted that a product is going
Woman: Have you seen the new cameras on the High to do what a manufacturer promises. I don’t know,
Street? They’re trying to cut down on crime and seeing perhaps I didn’t put enough on but anyway, that’s the last
as they can’t afford to put more police on the beat, time I take such a claim at face value.
they’ve put CCTV up instead. It’s about time, too.
Man: They can’t afford more policemen, but they can Speaker 2
afford all that new, and no doubt expensive, technology. Our town has had a recycling programme for about two
And I suppose they’ll be hiring security guards to watch years now. I’d started to feel guilty about not
the pictures the cameras take.Why can’t that money go participating, so I asked my friend who lives a few streets
to employ real police officers instead? away what day pick-up day is, faithfully sorted my
Woman: I take it you’re not in favour of CCTV. It’s rubbish for the next week and put it out in the street
been proved to reduce crime, you know. ready for collection on Tuesday morning.Anyway, when I
Man: It’s been proved to reduce crime in the areas that got back home on Tuesday the rubbish was still there.
have cameras. What really happens is that the criminals The same happened the next week, so I called the
leave the areas with cameras and go and commit crimes council to give them a piece of my mind.You should have
in places without cameras – usually the suburbs. That’s seen my face when the council official politely
not reducing crime, its relocating it! interrupted me to inform me that pick-up on my street
was every Monday, not Tuesday.
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Speaker 3
I’ve always been of the opinion that hunting is wrong. So, Exercise 3 (p. 83)
when I heard that there was going to be a protest Interviewer: Welcome, listeners! With me today I have
meeting against fox hunting in my village I decided to Bob Jones, a careers adviser working here in the city
attend. I was seated beside a rather proper-looking centre. Thanks for coming, Bob. Before we get started,
gentleman and I was voicing my opinion about what kind out of curiosity, can I ask you how you got into this line
of people would participate in such a bloody and cruel of work?
sport. I must have ranted on to him for about ten Bob: Sure. I grew up in a part of England that had
minutes. When I finally stopped to take a breath he suffered from unemployment for years and I’d seen
looked me straight in the eye and said,‘Actually, I’m here families ruined because of it. I have always felt that one
in support of the hunt’. of our basic rights is the right to earn a living so after I
Speaker 4 graduated I made up my mind to choose a career that
I was the secretary of our school science club and every would allow me to at least try to get people into some
year we would invite a well-known scientist to speak at sort of employment.
our annual dinner.Well, this particular year we invited a Interviewer: I understand that you feel that further
famous physicist from Cambridge University and as education is an important key to doing this.
word got around, more and more people started asking Bob: I certainly do.Times are changing and technology is
for tickets to the dinner. It was obvious that we wouldn’t developing in leaps and bounds. This means that people
be able to have our dinner in our usual restaurant, so we who finished school, say ten years ago, are now at a
booked the banqueting room in a hotel. Anyway, on the disadvantage in the job market.
night everyone arrived early in great excitement – Interviewer: Is this a problem that can be solved?
except our guest speaker. At first I just thought he was Bob: By all means. Anybody can get further education.
probably running late, until I put my hand into my pocket And, of course, this is necessary for those who want to
and felt the envelope. In all the excitement I had get the knowledge and skills required to freshen up
forgotten to send the letter explaining the new their CVs to get them back in the race for a new job or
arrangements. a better job.
Interviewer: And you feel anybody can return to
Speaker 5 school?
Last month, I received an invitation in the mail for a Bob: Why not? You know, the people who come and see
charity dinner. As the day drew closer, I thought I had me are in various situations. Some don’t like the path
better look at the invitation again just to be sure of the their career has taken and want to go into a totally
date and the venue. It took me some time to find it but different field. Some feel they are lacking certain
in the end, I discovered it at the bottom of my handbag. qualifications and want to upgrade them to increase
The dinner was to be held on the 15th, which was two their chances of promotion. Finally, some simply want to
days away.When I pulled into the car park that evening, I study a subject that they love that they never had the
couldn’t understand why there were no other vehicles time or money to study before.Whatever the case may
there. I knew I couldn’t have got the date wrong because be, I don’t know of anything that should prevent
I had double-checked it. I suppose I should have double- someone from becoming a mature student. And you
checked the time, too, as it turned out the dinner have to bear in mind that the time has never been
started at nine and by my watch it was only just before better for adults to return to education.
seven o’clock. Interviewer: Oh, right. Can you explain that a bit
Speaker 6 further?
I can honestly say that when the wood near our town Bob: Certainly. These days, you can gain a qualification
burnt down last year, I was heartbroken. It was such a through long-distance learning, via the Internet, by
shame, all those beautiful trees. And, of course, I wasn’t attending universities or community colleges, or by
the only one who found it sad, everyone did.That’s why taking summer courses here in the UK, or even abroad.
we thought it was such a good idea to have a Tree Even the hours are flexible. According to what route
Planting Day to, you know, ‘reforest’ it. Well, I had you want to take, you can study part-time or full-time,
decided to go with my friend, Julie. Even though she was depending on your present schedule.
very busy, she promised she’d come. We set off bright Interviewer: Wouldn’t a prospective student have to
and early on the Sunday, I mean, the Saturday morning. have certain qualifications to get into a college?
After I’d been planting trees for about two hours, I Bob: Well, yes and no. Mature students are not treated
realised I really should have brought a pair of gloves with in the same way as regular students. While some
me. I had painful blisters all over the palms of my hands, institutions have their own requirements, which means a
and the day had only just begun! mature student might need some existing qualifications,

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many places offer courses that require no qualifications. I’m also lucky that I have lots of good friends who are
Even the institutions which do require certain fun to be with but are also there for me when I’m upset
qualifications will, in most cases, make an exception for or have a problem.
mature students.
Interviewer: What do you mean by ‘exception’? Speaking Task 2 (p. 84)
Bob: When someone is trying to get a place at a college, Model Answer – Student A
their background is taken into consideration.This means
that even if they don’t have the usual certificates or A: Let’s look at our first choice, which is a talk on
diplomas, they may be accepted on the basis of their life safety in the home. I think this sounds quite
experience or work history. I get a lot of clients who interesting because most accidents happen in the
give up before they even get started because they think home and it would be very useful for students to
they are under-qualified. I always tell them to make sure learn about how to make their homes safer. What
and ask if their past history counts. do you think?
Interviewer: And finally, Bob, isn’t it a huge challenge for B: Yes, I agree with you that this is quite a good idea. It
adults to get back into education once they’ve been seems to me that giving students practical advice
accepted on a course? about how to be safer at home would be very
Bob: It is indeed. Just think … if you have a family, you’ll beneficial because I don’t think many people realise
have to find suitable childcare for the hours when you’re how dangerous these places can be. I like this idea,
studying.You’ll have to find the time to meet assignment but designing a road safety poster sounds like a fun
deadlines.That can be problematic if you’re working full- activity. It will teach students about road safety
time. In addition, a lot of people are afraid they won’t fit rules too.
in because usually they will be much older then their A: Yes, this is both creative and practical. It would be
classmates. Finally, and most importantly, people great to design some really eye-catching posters
considering further education worry about cost. and then we could put them up around the school.
Interviewer: I’m sure they do. Fees must be a … (fade) I think this would be quite a popular choice.
Everyone would want to join in with this activity.
Unit 3.8 B: OK.What about the next activity, though? This is for a
practical workshop on cycling safety.Again this sounds
Speaking Task 1 (p. 84) like an activity that students would enjoy doing and
Model Answer – Student A they would learn something that’s very useful. Cycling
I think it goes without saying that everyone needs a can be dangerous if you don’t know the rules.
loving family and good friends around them. Being part A: It’s definitely useful for students to know about
of a close family gives you a sense of security, you feel being safe when out cycling but I’m not entirely
protected. Life would be very lonely without friends or sure I agree that this workshop would be a good
family to rely on for company. Humans are sociable and idea. Only a limited number of students would be
it’s important to have other people around us. Close able to participate because we don’t have enough
relationships are a special bond that makes people room for everyone to bring their bike into school
happy in life. to do the workshop.
B: You’re right. That’s a really good point, actually. So,
We all rely on the help and support of our family and our final choice to consider is a lecture from a fire
friends. Sometimes their encouragement gives us officer. Now, this would be useful information but I
confidence. At other times, when we are unhappy or think that students might not be that interested in
depressed, they can make us feel better again.There will attending a lecture.
always be moments in everyone’s life when they will A: I agree. Students need to do something that’s
need to turn to someone else for support or guidance. motivating and most of them don’t get very excited
Of course, that doesn’t mean that relationships with about lectures even if the subject is important. I
your family or friends are always perfect. Everyone gets think we can rule this choice out. Probably, the best
into arguments sometimes, even people who really love idea is to design a poster because students will
and respect each other. It’s normal and healthy to have really enjoy this activity and it is educational as well.
some arguments, as long as they don’t get out of control What’s your opinion?
or happen too often. B: It’s quite a difficult choice but designing a poster
On the whole, I have a brilliant relationship with my will mean that lots of students get involved in the
family. My parents are very open and I can talk to them activity so I agree it would make a good choice.
about my problems or ask them for help when I need it. A: Great.
I argue with my sister sometimes, usually when she
borrows my things without asking, but nothing serious.
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Speaking Task 1 (p. 85) A: I’m going to have to disagree with you on that one
Model Answer – Student B because I don’t think a quick trip to a factory will
be much of a learning experience for the students,
In the past health care was not as good as it is today. For to be honest. I’m not saying they wouldn’t enjoy it. I
one thing, there have been many advances in medicine in suppose it could be popular because students like
recent times. Another thing is that, in the past, medical going on trips, but, for me, it doesn’t have much
care wasn’t always available to the whole population. educational value.
People who lived in rural areas might not have had B: Alright then, what about the next idea, which is a
access to a doctor or would have had to travel a long lecture on the latest developments in technology?
way to see a doctor or go to a hospital. This would definitely have a lot of educational value
but I’m not sure it would be that inspiring for
These days though, health care is available to everyone students.They tend to avoid lectures.
whether they live in the countryside or in a city. Also, it A: You’re right. Getting students interested in lectures
doesn’t matter whether you’re rich or poor, you can still is quite difficult. It would have to be a very lively
get the treatment you need. The health care system is lecture. It’s a shame really because I think the
much fairer nowadays. subject is interesting and it’s definitely something
students need to know as much as possible about.
The progress in modern medicine is the result of the B: Students might find a debate a bit livelier. The last
advances of science and technology in recent decades. choice is a debate on the pros and cons of
Doctors now have lots of hi-tech equipment to help technology in the modern world. This is quite a
them treat patients. I think that doctors are very well good idea because students will be actively involved
trained these days and because they have such good rather than just listening to somebody talking. And
equipment there has been a big improvement in it would give them lots to think about, too. Do you
diagnosis of patients’ illnesses.This means that hospitals agree?
and clinics are much more efficient. A: To a certain extent, yes. Students like activities
where they can join in, but I still think that the
One other reason why health care has improved so workshop would be more popular with students.
much is because of the effects of health education on It’s also practical knowledge that they need so I
the general public. The government runs many health believe it would be the best choice of all as an
campaigns to inform the public about how to look after activity.What are your thoughts?
their health properly. Consequently, people know more B: I’m quite happy with it as a choice. I think your right
about their bodies and what they can do to prevent that students will find it both interesting and
health problems. I think it’s very important for people to practical.Yes, let’s choose the workshop.
look after their own health.
Focus on RNE
Speaking Task 2 (p. 85)
Listening – Part 2 (p. 98)
Model Answer – Student B
Claire: It’s carnival this weekend. Are you coming to
B: Well let’s get started, shall we? My opinion of the the parade? They say it’ll be bigger than last year!
first choice is that most students would probably Mike: Yes, I’d like to. Some of my friends are going, but I
enjoy doing a workshop on computer technology. have a problem...my favourite football team are playing
Everyone uses computers so most people have to on Saturday night and I’d like to go and see them play.
know more about how they work. But I love going to the parade so I don’t really want to
A: You’re absolutely right about that. It’s very miss it. Oh, I can’t decide what to do!
important these days to know as much as you can Claire: Well what time does the football start? Could
about computers.You don’t just need to know how you go to watch it after the carnival parade?
to use programs but also about the technology Mike: Maybe.The football starts at eight and it will take
behind computers and how they work. So this is a me half an hour to get to the stadium. It depends really
good choice. on when the carnival parade begins, and I definitely want
B: Right, so it’s a possibility that one then. The next to see the fireworks.
option is a visit to a hi-tech factory, which could be Claire: The main parade actually starts at half past five
quite popular too. The students would get to see but I’m going at six to meet some people from school
how modern technology has affected industry. It and watch the fireworks. Come with us if you want to
would be quite fascinating and educational too. It’s and then afterwards you can go to watch the football.
an option worth considering.

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Mike: Yeah, that’s a good idea, but what about a Unit 4.2
costume? People normally dress up for carnival don’t Exercise 3 (p. 102)
they? I can’t wear a big costume to the carnival if I’m
going to the football straight after! A: There are an awful lot of stray dogs roaming the
Claire: Well no, I guess not. I’m going to dress up, but streets lately.
why don’t you just wear a mask. That way when you go B: I’ve noticed that too.There are a lot of stray cats, as
to the football you can just take it off and put it in your well. Someone should do something about it.
bag. A: That’s not likely to happen on its own. Why don’t
Mike: Ok, sounds like that’s all the problems solved! I’d we do something?
better go now and get my ticket for the football and I’ll B: Like what?
meet you to watch the fireworks on Saturday. A: Well, for a start we could write a letter to the local
Claire: Great, see you then. council.
B: Do you think that would work?
A: Perhaps. We could also approach the local animal
MODULE 4
shelter and any animal charities to see if they are
Unit 4.1 aware of the problem and can do something to help.
Exercise 1 (p. 100) B: That’s a good idea.We could also volunteer to help
them with whatever action they decide to take.
Host: Today our special guest is Mike Maxwell from The A: Now, you’re talking! I think it’s easy to change
Really Wild Show here to tell us all about giant tortoises. things for the better if you just put your mind to it.
Hello Mike and welcome to the show. B: Yes. I feel very positive now. Let’s get started.
Mike: Thanks for having me.
Host: So, Mike what can you tell us about Galapagos Unit 4.4
giant tortoises?
Mike: Well, Galapagos giant tortoises are one of the most Exercise 8 (p. 107)
ancient reptiles on Earth. Unfortunately, many species are Mike: What do you think about space exploration, Sally?
now extinct as they were hunted as food by sailors for Is it worth the cost? I can’t help thinking that we should
many years. Ironically, they grew to be giants because they spend more money here on Earth instead of spending it
didn’t have any natural predators to hide from. in space.
Host: How big do they actually get? Sally: Look Mike, the money we spend on space
Mike: They can grow up to a metre long and weigh up exploration does actually get spent on Earth, you know.
to 250 kilos. Most of it is spent on manufacturing and research and
Host: Wow! And don’t they live a long time too? development, which creates jobs, and a lot of the money
Mike: Yes, what most people know about them, if goes to pay people’s salaries and benefits.
nothing else, is that they can live to a very old age, at Mike: Yes, but I’m talking about solving social problems
least 100 years old. such as poverty, poor housing and better healthcare.
Host: I bet they don’t do much running around then, Surely, it’s more important to put food in people’s
being so heavy and old. mouths, give them affordable healthcare and better
Mike: Well, they may not run, but they are active for places to live, rather than put a man on the moon?
most of the day. They spend most of it eating large Sally: I see what you’re trying to say, Mike, but did you
amounts of plants. know that the actual amount of money spent on space
Host: Are they vegetarians then? exploration is tiny compared to government social
Mike: Yes.They have a plain diet of plants and water and expenditure? In fact, last year, the money allocated to
they can go for some time without water if need be. NASA was 0.5% of the US national budget while the
Host: What about breeding? money allocated to social programmes was almost a
Mike: The breeding season is usually at the end of the hundred times that.
hot season. The females lay between 2 and 16 eggs at a Mike: Still, it is in the billions of dollars and I think it
time, the size of tennis balls, and the young tortoises could be better spent on feeding the hungry, tending the
hatch after around 130 days. sick and housing the homeless.
Host: Well, that was really interesting Mike and now we’ll Sally: Americans spend twice as much money on tobacco
go to the phones so you can answer some questions every year as is spent on space exploration and three
from our listeners. … Who’s on Line 1? … (fade) times as much on alcohol. Neither of which produce the
benefits that space exploration does, such as scientific and
technological advances, not to mention the fact that
millions of young people are inspired to become
scientists or engineers because of the space programme.

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Mike: You make some interesting points, Sally, but I think Interviewer: … and then, I gather they pass on the
we are going to have to agree to disagree on this issue. information they’ve learnt …
Sally: Yes, I suppose so. Jane: Exactly.The volunteers particularly enjoy teaching
young visitors through games that they have learnt
Unit 4.6 during their training. For example, we have created one
Exercise 8 (p. 111) game to explain recycling to children. It’s called ‘Toss it
in’ where the participants are given different items of
A: I’m glad we came here. It’s really nice. household rubbish which they have to throw into the
B: Yes, it’s my favourite restaurant and the food is correct bins. Oh, and while we’re on this topic, I’d also
really good. like to mention that local residents are encouraged to
A: Great, because I’m starving! use the zoo as a drop-off point for all their used paper,
B: OK, then. Have you decided what you’re going to mobile phones, bulbs – oh, and phonebooks, too. But
have? they must always remember to take them out of their
A: Yes, I’ll have the soup to start. How about you? plastic bags before putting them in the green box
What would you like to start with? provided.
B: I think I’ll have a green salad. Would you like to Interviewer: That’s an excellent idea. So, tell me, Jane, is
share a pizza for the main course? there anything else that the volunteers do?
A: No, thank you. I think I’ll try some pasta. Jane: Yes, they also actively participate in various
B: OK. But I don’t think I can eat a whole pizza by conservation projects. Examples of projects are putting
myself. up nesting boxes for birds around the zoo and planting
A: Never mind.You can always take what you don’t eat trees, flowers and plants.
home with you. Interviewer: But the volunteers don’t work on the
B: That’s a good idea. OK, then.What about something same project all summer, do they?
to drink? Jane: Oh no, most certainly not. The teens work in
A: Cola for me. various different teams, which is one of the main
B: Me, too. reasons why the volunteers find the programme so
enjoyable. This, of course, not only enables them to
Unit 4.7 make new friends, but also to develop their team-work
Exercise 1 (p. 112) skills.
Interviewer: Now, our next guest, Jane Hargreaves, Interviewer: So what should any teenagers listening
works at Bradgrove Zoo and organises a volunteer who aren’t sure if they would like to become a
programme there for teenagers each summer. Jane …? volunteer or not do?
Jane: Hello, Brian. Jane: Well, probably the best thing is to take part in one
Interviewer: So Jane, what exactly do your teen of the zoo’s ‘volunteer safaris’ which are opportunities
volunteers do? to visit the zoo for a day and see, first hand, what the
Jane: Well, the volunteers mainly assist the zoo’s volunteers do.
education department by doing what we call Interviewer: And when will the next one of these take
‘interpreting’, which simply means speaking to the place?
visitors of the zoo about conservation. Jane: Well, usually they are organised once or twice
Interviewer: Don’t the teenagers need to be quite well from September to January and then about once a
informed in order to do that? month until June. The next one will actually take place
Jane: Indeed, but that’s why each volunteer has to next week, but that’s fully booked, so the next one after
attend a training programme at the zoo. that will be in May.
Interviewer: And how long does this training last? Interviewer: So any teens interested should book their
Jane: Well, teens who’ve been a volunteer before just place really soon?
do a quick course that lasts for three days, but those Jane: Yes, definitely.
who are volunteering for the first time attend a two Interviewer: And are there any special requirements?
week course. Generally, they spend a week and a half Jane: Yes, applicants must be at least 13 years old by 1st
learning about the environment in various fun ways and January and not older than 18 by 1st June of the year
then the last three days are spent learning games and they will be volunteering. In exceptional cases, we may
activities for children. allow a 12-year-old to join the programme – if they have
Interviewer: That sounds great. already had some previous experience working with
Jane: The teens usually really enjoy it. And not only that, animals, for example.
but they acquire various new skills, such as communication Interviewer: Any final comments, Jane?
skills and how to give an interesting presentation.

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Jane: Ermm …well, I’d just like to add that apart from the Speaker 5
fact that all volunteers are entitled to free zoo admission, I couldn’t live without Zora. She’s my ears. She
the programme is an incredibly valuable experience. Oh, communicates by putting her paw on me. Once she has
they also get a discount at the gift shop, too! my attention, she leads me to wherever the noise is
Interviewer: Jane, thank you so much for coming. coming from. I remember one Christmas when my
youngest son had fallen off his new bicycle. Zora heard
Exercise 2 (p. 113) him crying for help and she came to get me. She led me
Speaker 1 straight to him. Fortunately, he wasn’t too badly hurt and
I don’t think it is a good idea. I mean, there would be the soon recovered. I was born deaf and Zora has made a
expense of keeping and feeding it.And what happens if it world of difference to my life!
gets sick – vets cost a fortune! OK, so it would have a Speaker 6
great home and someone to look after it, but what It’s not that I’ve got anything against people keeping
would happen when we wanted to go on holiday? Who animals. Not at all. In fact, we’ve had our cat for nearly
would look after it then? Of course, it would be lovely ten years now and she’s definitely a part of the family.
to have a puppy around the place but I really think we No, what I object to is keeping wild animals in the home.
should give it a bit more time before coming to a You hear of all sorts: monkeys, reptiles and other
decision. potentially dangerous creatures.As far as I’m concerned
Speaker 2 it’s irresponsible and cruel. Wild animals should either
The human race should be ashamed of itself for doing live in their natural habitat or in zoos with professional
this to these animals. I know thousands of acres of keepers.
natural habitat are disappearing, so we need to do
everything we can to help animal species survive, but are Exercise 3 (p. 113)
these conditions really appropriate? As funds are cut, Good morning. Today on the show I’m going to be
enclosures are getting smaller and there are very few talking about overfishing, a very important global
plants. Visitors buy into the idea of conservation and problem that the majority of you are probably already
education, which are good things, but I truly believe that aware of. What is perhaps not fully understood yet,
animals belong in the wild. however, is the scale of the problem. You see, fish are
one of the planet’s last remaining wild food sources, and
Speaker 3
a source which when managed correctly is renewable.
My colleagues and I are passionate about our work.We
However, when overfishing occurs, too many fish are
love and respect the variety of creatures in our world
removed from our seas, oceans, rivers and lakes.This can
and want to protect them for future generations. The
have very serious consequences, as fish are a vital part
natural world is affected by the irresponsible actions of
of the food chain, so if there are not enough fish,
human beings. Air pollution threatens wild habitats and
creatures that rely on them for food become
national parkland. The seas are used for the disposal of
endangered. People’s livelihoods are also affected.
toxic waste with little thought for sea-life. Also, modern
fishing techniques and the destruction of ancient forests, In 1992, for example, the once thriving cod fishing
not to mention global warming, mean many of the industry came to a sudden end in Newfoundland,
world’s rarer species will soon be extinct. We are Canada, when no cod appeared at the beginning of the
working hard to change all these things. fishing season. Now, many years afterwards, fishermen
are still waiting for the cod to return. The only
Speaker 4
fishermen now making a decent living in this region are
It is encouraging to report that in many of the world’s
the ones fishing for crab, a species once considered to
zoos, breeding programmes are helping the numbers of
be an annoyance.
endangered mammals, birds and reptiles grow.
Monitoring habitats also shows that it is possible to So, what causes overfishing? Well, it’s very simple. The
successfully reintroduce species into the areas they people who fish have got better and better at what they
previously occupied. In Australia, there have been many do. Of course, I’m not talking about the fisherman who
successes with such re-introduction programmes. In the goes out on Sunday afternoon with his fishing rod and
wild, population sizes often increase if habitats are bait and sits on the shady bank of a river for two or
restored and threats removed. America has also had its three hours. What I’m talking about are the huge
successes with endangered species and numbers of companies that use fast boats and high technology to
many creatures are on the increase, including humpback find large schools of fish and then catch them. It is these
whales, American bald eagles, grey wolves, peregrine large, greedy companies that are mainly responsible for
falcons and grizzly bears. the frightening reduction of fish in our waters.

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Another related worry is something that is known as Another important aspect of zoos is the work they can
bycatch. Bycatch describes the creatures that are caught do to teach young people about wildlife and nature. I
unintentionally by fisheries. Let’s say a fishing boat is out think it is very important for young people to learn
trying to catch tuna. While they may catch many tuna in about animals from a very young age. I’m pretty sure
their nets, they may also catch dolphins, turtles, crabs or that seeing wildlife in a zoo will inspire an interest in
shrimps. As sad as it may seem, these creatures that are nature and the environment in young people and
caught accidentally and unnecessarily, an astonishing 7.3 encourage them to want to protect endangered species
million tonnes worth, usually die immediately or are so around the world.
severely injured that they die shortly after being thrown
Many people feel that keeping animals in zoos is cruel
back into the sea.This terrible waste of nature’s gifts, along
because it is not their natural habitat and wild animals
with overfishing, is known as unsustainable fishing, and it
should be able to roam free. It is probably true that
must be stopped and replaced by sustainable fishing.
some zoos do not have suitable living spaces for the
Sustainable fishing means that fisheries must follow the animals and they live in cramped cages. But these days I
‘golden rule’ of fishing, so that the number of fish increases think most zoos are very well designed and the animals
again and there will be fish to catch year after year, live in good conditions. However, I think that any zoos
generation after generation. This rule simply states that that are cruel to the animals should be closed down.
fisheries must stop catching fish that are too young. Instead,
they must only catch fish that are old enough to have had As far as I’m concerned zoos are fantastic places for
the chance to breed. To ensure that fisheries around the people to visit because they are both enjoyable and
globe obey this regulation, an independent charity, the educational. I find wildlife fascinating and going to the
Marine Stewardship Council, MSC, has been set up. zoo is the only way I would ever get to see some of the
animals. I also firmly believe that the work they do in
The MSC does primarily two tasks. First, they have
helping to protect animals is very important. Without
dedicated themselves to finding workable solutions to
the research that zoos do we would not know as much
the global crisis that overfishing has created. Second,
about wildlife and this would make it more difficult to
they have established an environmental standard to
protect it. I think zoos are wonderful places.
measure and reward fisheries that practise sustainable
fishing.What I mean by reward is this: once a fishery has
Speaking Task 2 (p. 114)
passed a test that shows they are meeting the MSC’s
very strict standards they are allowed to display the Model Answer – Student A
MSC’s eco-label on all their products. This then assures A: Well, looking at all the choices, I have to say that
consumers that this fishery is not contributing to the they all sound really fascinating, so it’s going to be
environmental problem of overfishing. In September quite difficult to choose between them. But let’s
2007 there were already 857 products being sold with start with the Pulkovo Observatory. I think that
this label in 35 countries worldwide. The hope, would be a really exciting place to go and I’m sure
therefore, is that as consumers become more and more students would really enjoy it.
insistent on buying environmentally friendly products, B: Yes, I’m sure it would be a popular choice. It would
the fisheries will benefit as their products will be the also be a very educational visit to make. My only
ones that concerned consumers choose to buy at the objection to this idea is that it might be expensive
fishmongers, in the supermarkets and in restaurants. It to make the trip and it would require proper
appears that in the end, it will be the consumer who … organisation.
(fade) A: Yes, there is that to consider, I suppose. The next
choice is a lecture on astronomy. Normally, I’m not
Unit 4.8 too keen on lectures because I think students often
Speaking Task 1 (p. 114) find them dull, but I like this idea because the
subject is interesting.
Model Answer – Student A
B: It’s definitely very educational and I’m sure a lot of
The most important work zoos can do is to help the students would be interested in a lecture from
endangered species. All good zoos should establish a professor of astronomy but I’m not sure if all the
breeding programmes to help increase the numbers of students would be. I think it’s better if the students
endangered species and prevent them from becoming take part in something that is more interactive.
extinct. Some of the Chinese zoos have been very good A: The next choice is for a cosmonaut to come and
at this and have saved the Panda from extinction. But give a talk about space travel to the students. I think
there are many more animals that will disappear forever this is one of the best choices because the students
if something isn’t done soon. would be able to interact with the speaker by
asking questions and I’m sure they will be very keen
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to hear someone talk about their real life On the other hand though, life in the countryside does
experiences in space. have some difficulties. Even if you have a good job
B: Yes this does sound like a really good choice. It people in the countryside aren’t as well paid as those in
would be really exciting to hear a cosmonaut the city. Also, you probably have to travel quite a long
describe what going into space is like and the fact way if you need to see a doctor or even do simple
that students can interact with the speaker means things like shopping. People living in the countryside
that they will feel involved in the discussion.This is a could also feel quite isolated and lonely. There aren’t as
really good choice. many places to go out and you have to have a car as the
A: The final choice is a workshop on star watching. public transport system isn’t very good.
This would give students the chance to learn about
recognising stars and watching the night sky and Even though cities are noisy and polluted I still like living
how it changes throughout the year. I think this in one because I’m very energetic and sociable. I
would be a fun activity to do and the students wouldn’t want a quiet life, really. Perhaps when I get
would learn a lot. older and have a family of my own, I might prefer to live
B: I agree with you that this would be a fun activity in somewhere peaceful, but at the moment I like the hustle
many ways, but I’m not sure I would recommend and bustle of city life.
this activity because you need to have your own
telescope to be able to do it properly. I think the Speaking Task 2 (p. 115)
best choices are either the visit to the observatory Model Answer – Student B
or the talk by the cosmonaut.
A: Well, you made a very good point earlier about the B: I’d like to start off by talking about organising a tree
expense of a trip to the observatory, so, even planting day. I think this is an enjoyable activity and it’s
though I think it’s a great idea I think it would be also doing something positive for the community.The
better to choose the talk by the cosmonaut. Do more greenery we have in public spaces the better.
you agree? A: I think this would be an excellent choice too. It’s
B: Absolutely. It’s a great choice. the kind of activity that helps students to build a
sense of pride about their community because they
Speaking Task 1 (p. 115) will feel that they’ve done something positive. The
only thing, of course, is that we’d have to raise
Model Answer – Student B money to buy the trees for planting.
It seems fair to say that the main reason that most B: I’m sure it wouldn’t be very expensive and we could
people live in the city is because of the educational and soon raise the funds if everyone made a small
career opportunities that are available there.There isn’t contribution.Another activity is spending an afternoon
as much unemployment in cities and this attracts people cleaning up graffiti from walls. Again, we’d have to buy
to live there.Also, there are lots of other facilities in the the cleaning materials but I think this is a good idea
city that are not as easy to find in the countryside such because it would really make a difference to the
as a wider choice of entertainment as well as better appearance of public places if they were free of graffiti.
healthcare and other services. A: I would definitely recommend this one because I
Of course, there are some drawbacks to living in the think graffiti is really ugly and I think if students see
city.The main problems are overcrowding and pollution. how hard it is to clean up, they’ll realise that graffiti
In the city everyone lives very close together so you is wrong.
don’t have as much space to live in as people in the B: I completely agree with you on that point. So, the
countryside do.Also, because of the heavy traffic the air graffiti clean up is a definite possibility. But let’s not
is polluted and cities are very noisy too. Another forget to look at the other choices first. Next on
disadvantage is the lack of greenery. All this means that our list is to spend a morning clearing rubbish from
people living in the city could feel very stressed at times. the local park. Again, this is an activity that’ll
encourage students to take pride in having public
I think people who live in the countryside are probably
spaces that are clean and pleasant for everyone.
happier than people who live in cities because of the
A: It’s an activity that helps develop community spirit,
beautiful surroundings. You can see the sky, hear the
but I’m a bit concerned that it might be a bit
birds singing in the trees and breathe fresh air. So in
dangerous. We don’t want students cutting
many ways the quality of life in the countryside is much
themselves picking up broken glass or other sharp
higher than it is in the city. It is quiet and safe and it is a
objects.
nice place for children to grow up.
B: I see what you mean. No, perhaps this one is not
such a good idea then.The last choice is to design a
poster to encourage people to do more recycling.
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The poster could then be put up in the community The fire was beginning to burn low and I knew we had
and around the school. I think this is a good choice, to put more wood on it, but I was too scared to move.
because students enjoy doing creative things and Then we heard twigs snapping as if someone was
it’ll also encourage a better community spirit. walking close by in the forest. The sounds were coming
A: There’s no doubt that students would enjoy this from different directions and the sound of the ringing
activity, but I’m not sure that it would really do bell was getting louder and louder. I didn’t know what
much to improve the community. I still believe the to do. I thought maybe I should shout ‘Go away’ but I
best activity is cleaning up graffiti because this couldn’t speak. I looked at Paul. He looked absolutely
would have benefits that everyone in the terrified and that made me feel even worse. The sound
community would notice. of twigs breaking underfoot seemed unbearably loud.
B: Some of the students might not find cleaning graffiti Whoever, or whatever, it was was now running through
to be the most enjoyable activity because it’ll be the forest and getting closer every second.
hard work, but I think you’re right that it’s the
Suddenly, I felt hot breath on my neck and a loud voice
activity that will have the most benefits for the
shouted ‘BOO!’. I have never jumped so high in my life. I
wider community. So, I agree, let’s pick that one.
whirled around to see not a ghost, or a forest monster,
but the smirking face of my big brother! After more
Focus on RNE
rustling, his friend appeared from behind the trees. I was
Listening – Part 3 (p. 130) really quite angry with them, but mainly I just felt
The weather was glorious and so my friends and I immensely relieved. I had really thought that it was a
decided to go on a camping trip for the weekend. We ghost coming to get us. We all soon started to calm
loaded up the car with everything we needed, sleeping down though, and Jack even started laughing.
bags, tent, food and even extra jumpers just in case it got
Looking back, I suppose it was pretty amusing really, but
chilly in the evening. We set out at midday on Saturday
at the time I was absolutely petrified. My brother and his
and by 3 o’clock, we had unloaded the car and pitched
friend had followed in their car and had waited for the
our tent in the woods at a local beauty spot.
perfect moment to frighten the life out of us. They did a
It was a beautiful place with a stream nearby and not a pretty good job, too! In the end, they spent the night
house for miles around. All we had left to do was gather with us and we all toasted marshmallows on the fire and
some wood for a fire and collect some water from the we stayed up late chatting and laughing. We even sung
stream and then we could relax. The afternoon passed songs together, but there were no more ghost stories!
quickly as we sat in the sun chatting. Everything was just
perfect and we were really enjoying ourselves. Later, as MODULE 5
the sun began to set, I lit a camp fire and we cooked
hamburgers for dinner. Unit 5.2
Exercise 3 (p. 134)
As the night fell and darkness closed in around us, we
thought it would be fun to tell ghost stories around the A: How was your holiday, Lacey?
fire, so each of us took turns to tell the most spine-chilling B: Oh gosh, I don’t know if I can call it a holiday.
story we could think of. Jack started the evening off with a A: Really? Why? What happened?
really spooky tale about an old haunted house and a ghost B: Well, for a start I didn’t get a minute’s peace and quiet.
with rattling chains. After a while I started to feel a bit A: But I thought you stayed in a lovely resort.
scared, but I tried to stay calm by thinking about what kind B: Yes, but I didn’t know that it was right next to
of story I was going to tell when it was my turn. several night-clubs.
A: Oh, my dear.
Then it was Natalie’s go. She lowered her voice to just B: And on top of that, the food was terrible and Harry
above a whisper as she told the story of the ghost of a spent two days in bed sick.
hunter who stalked children lost in the forest. She was A: Are you serious?
half-way through her story when we heard a sound. I B: Yes, and I was completely exhausted by the end of
held my breath and everyone went quiet. It sounded like the week. I don’t know how I’m going to work today.
a bell chiming in the distance, but as it rang it seemed to A: Don’t worry.We’re not very busy anyway. Now, you
be getting closer. I looked round at the others and they go to your desk and I’ll get you a coffee.
looked as frightened as I felt.We huddled closer around
the fire. The eerie sound was getting louder and my
heart began beating very quickly.

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Unit 5.3 B: Why don’t we go to a Greek island? Then we will

Exercise 1 (p. 136) have it all, beaches, culture and nightlife.
A: OK. Sounds like a plan to me. Let’s go to the travel
John: I have a very busy life. I work in the city in a very agent’s and sort it out.
stressful job but I always make sure I take 3 weeks every
year to go somewhere nice and unwind and get rid of all Unit 5.5
my pent-up stress from my job. I like to get as far away
from the city as I can and take in the sights and enjoy Exercise 1b (p. 140)
the beautiful scenery. I don’t do anything too energetic; Laura: I go every Saturday. It’s the best place to find
just a bit of walking and swimming. I try to visit places bargains and unusual things that you can’t find in the
that have some history because that’s something I’m shops. They have new things and second-hand things. I
interested in and I like architecture, too. This year I’ve just love finding vintage clothes by top designers for a
booked to go to Thailand. fraction of the original price. All the stall holders know
Lynda: I get away for two weeks every year with my me by name now so it’s a social thing for me too.
friends. We usually go to a resort and stay in a nice
Cliff: I absolutely hate shopping. I can’t stand all the
hotel.We sunbathe, swim and go out every night on the
pushing and shoving during the sales and not being able
town.We always have a fantastic time and spend far too
to find anything any other time. So I get everything I
much; but who cares – it’s only money, right? We eat out
need online. It’s so easy and convenient and everything
at restaurants and buy funny souvenirs for our families
gets delivered to my door. I never miss anyone’s birthday
and come back tired from burning the candle at both
now either and I can send the cards and gifts straight to
ends, but it’s worth it.
them. I find generally that most stores offer a discount
Steve: I go backpacking whenever and wherever I can.
for buying online, too so it’s good news all round for me.
It’s all about being on the road. I don’t really care where
I’m going or how I’m going to get there as long as I enjoy Ann: I like to go to the huge shopping centres even if
getting there. I like to go with the flow and take they are out of town. I find it so convenient to have all
everything in and make the most of every situation. I’m the shops under one roof and cafes and restaurants
interested in learning about local traditions and customs right there too for when you need a break. I like to stick
of the places I visit and I like to sample the local dishes with brand names and well-known shops so it makes
and delicacies too. I think it makes me a more interesting sense.
person and the more places I go to the more I learn. Dave: I’m not much of a shopper but I like to help out
Marta: I have a list of places that I’ve always wanted to the local community. I know it’s probably a bit more
go to, and one by one, as and when I can, I will go there. expensive than the supermarket but if I need anything I
So far I’ve been to Niagara Falls and the Grand Canyon just pop to the local shop and spend my money there.
in the USA. In Europe I’ve been to London and Paris and The shopkeeper is a friendly man and we have a little
my next trip is to Barcelona. Other places I want to go chat about the weather and so on. I like it. It’s more
to are Uluru in Australia and the Great Wall of China. personal than wandering round a huge hypermarket not
talking to anyone and being told to ‘have a nice day’ by
Unit 5.4 someone insincere.
Exercise 3 (p. 138) Unit 5.6
A: So have you looked through the brochure? Any Exercise 6 (p. 143)
ideas where we should go? Andy: Can you change the oil as well as give it a wash
B: Well, there are a few places I like the look of, but and a polish, please?
first we should decide what type of holiday we Bob: Of course. It’ll be ready this afternoon.
want. Andy: That’s fine.What time shall I come back?
A: Yes. I fancy a beach holiday. What do you think Bob: Around three.
about the Costa del Sol in Spain? Andy: OK.Thanks.
B: I suppose so, but I’m not that keen on spending the
whole holiday on the beach. I want to do some Ann: They really suit you.
sightseeing too. Betty: Do you think so?
A: How about Egypt then? It has both hot weather Ann: Yeah.They look great on you.
and ancient sites. Betty: Thanks. Shall I buy them, then?
B: We could go there I suppose. It does sound Ann: Absolutely.
interesting but I think it might be too hot there. Betty: Oops! I don’t think so.They’re a bit expensive.
A: Alright then.What do you suggest? Ann: That’s a shame!

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Unit 5.7 Sam: Well it’s a great idea and in answer to your original
Exercise 1 (p. 144) question I will leave my credit card and cash at home on
Saturday and go and play football.What about you?
Jane: Sam don’t forget that this Saturday will be Buy Jane: I’m going to help Mum in the garden. We’ve
Nothing Day. What are you going to do instead of decided to try growing our own fruit and vegetables I
shopping? guess that will help reduce our carbon footprint just a
Sam: Actually I don’t understand what it’s all about. I little bit too!
saw something on the TV last night about it, but I missed
the first part, so you can tell me. Exercise 2 (p. 144)
Jane: Well the idea is that people should spend one
whole day without doing any shopping. Speaker 1
Sam: My dad is always saying that young people these The first day we visited the bazaar, my friend told me
days seem to do nothing but shopping and we are that we’d have to bargain with the stall owners to get a
forgetting there is more to life. reasonable price. After a while, I found this nice little
Jane: Well basically that’s what the Buy Nothing picture and I asked the owner for his ‘best price’. His
Campaign is about. They say that consumerism has got first suggestion sounded crazy, so I laughed and offered
out of hand and they want people to kick the shopping him much less. I thought my price was reasonable so I
habit and turn to life instead. stuck to it, but after a while he got angry and called me a
Sam: That sounds a bit much. ‘cheap tourist’. I was about to get angry too, when
Jane: I suppose it’s a slogan to catch people’s attention luckily my friend came to the rescue and explained the
and make them think about the issue of commercialism. situation. Apparently, in the local currency, I was offering
It’s sad really when we come to a point where we think the man not 10 pounds, as I thought, but something
we can only buy happiness. What’s more all this more like 10 pence! Boy, did I feel embarrassed!
consumerism affects the environment. Speaker 2
Sam: You’re right. We were discussing environmental I was really looking forward to doing some shopping
issues in school last week. Did you know that the while visiting my sister in the city. I’m a bit of a
developed countries consume over 80% of the Earth’s shopaholic I guess, and she said that the area was a
natural resources, even though they make up only 20% shopper’s paradise. Sadly, everyone else seemed to have
of the world’s population? the same idea that day, and the streets were absolutely
Jane: That’s crazy. I think Buy Nothing Day is a good flooded with visitors.The couple of shops I managed to
place to start questioning our buying decisions and get into were so full that I spent most of my time being
remind ourselves that happiness is a priceless stepped on and pushed around. I normally enjoy
commodity. shopping, but after a couple of hours I was completely
Sam: What might happen of course, is that people will exhausted. I think next time I’ll forget the shopping and
simply buy twice as much the day before or after now just have a relaxing time with my family instead.
that we have Sunday trading and shops are open 7 days a
week. Speaker 3
Jane: I hope not. It would be nice to think that people We were walking home in the afternoon sun when my
gave a thought for the environment and developing wife saw this cute little ice cream shop down an alley.
countries too. The kids were both so tired after exploring the city all
Sam: Oh yes, the effect of transporting products all day, we decided to take a break. It was an impressive
over the world and the carbon footprint – that was shop – they had all sorts of exotic ice cream and fancy
something else that we studied at school. toppings. The children were already pointing at the
Jane: I’m looking up ‘carbon footprint’ on the internet flavours they wanted when I caught sight of the prices –
here because I don’t understand the term. It says here I just couldn’t believe it! Four euros a scoop! I’ve never
carbon footprint is a measure of the amount of carbon seen anything like it. Anyway, by that time the kids were
dioxide and other greenhouse gases emitted by human so excited and kept saying ‘please, Dad, please’ that I
activity or accumulated over the full life cycle of a couldn’t let them down.They were just lucky that I had a
product or service. little extra cash with me in my wallet that day.
Sam: Interesting ... I’m glad you didn’t ask me to define Speaker 4
it for you! Anyway, getting back to Buy Nothing Day, is it Just as I got to the airport, I remembered that it was my
only happening in the UK? niece’s birthday the very next day. I was already running
Jane: No, it takes place in countries all over the world. If late, so I started desperately looking around for anything
I remember correctly it was started in Canada about that might be suitable. The only thing I could find was
twenty years ago and the idea spread. this little doll that you can feed with a bottle and that

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starts crying when it’s hungry. It looked OK, but when flamenco dancing in Spain, he wondered? And the rest, as
my niece opened her gift the next day, we couldn’t find they say, is history.
the bottle anywhere! The funny thing is that she still Int: What do you find most difficult about writing?
really liked it, but it’s the last time I buy expensive toys Simon: Just writing anything down at all was a real
from the airport. ordeal to begin with. I remember once spending days
producing a short piece of text for a magazine that I
Speaker 5
could now knock up in about an hour. But, even now, I
On my last day I bought this expensive crystal vase for my
sometimes struggle to make a start on a project.When
mother. It was amazing – really elegant and tall. I wasn’t
that happens, I force myself to write something,
sure if it would fit in my luggage but fortunately it did. I
anything, just to get words down on paper. You can
packed it carefully in the middle of my clothes and closed
always improve it later.
the suitcase. I checked my handbag to make sure I had my
Int: I imagine that researching a project must also be
travel documents and it was then that I realised I didn’t
challenging. Is it hard to come up with ideas?
have any more cash – I had spent it all on the vase
Simon: Absolutely. Finding a new angle, something fresh,
without thinking. I couldn’t get a taxi to the airport but
can be extremely difficult. So much travel writing today
fortunately I did have a one day travelcard so I was able to
is unoriginal. Over-worked city-type moves away from
take the underground. It just meant I had to carry the
his urban comfort-zone to a rural location, suffers
suitcase to the station and it was heavy with the vase in it!
culture shock but eventually falls in love with the way of
Speaker 6 life and the friendly locals. It’s been done a thousand
I never really understood what the attraction of times. Readers are after something different now.
shopping was. To me it was something you had to do Int: What advice would you give an aspiring travel
every so often in order to prepare meals or to replace a writer?
worn out pair of jeans or shoes. When I met Jenny, the Simon: Firstly, don’t give up the day job.The pay is pretty
first thing she talked about was shopping and then she good but work is hard to come by. Early on, before you
suggested meeting up at the weekend at the new have built up a network of contacts, there can be long,
shopping mall. It was quite an eye opener for me, I felt as uncomfortable periods of unemployment. Secondly,
if I was stepping into a whole new world.To my surprise research the publications you want to write for. Each has
I enjoyed it immensely and I began to understand why its own particular style and won’t take stories that don’t
people go shopping for recreation.They make the shops fit. Finally, make sure that you are clear about your brief
look so alluring and you kind of step into this fantasy – and meet it. I have wasted weeks on a story only to
world and forget all your problems for a while. find that it wasn’t what the editor was looking for.
Int: That must have been tough, but I’m sure the chance
Exercise 3 (p. 145) to travel kept you going. Of all the places you’ve seen,
which is your favourite?
Int: Now it’s time to welcome our next guest, the travel
Simon: I have seen far more exotic places, but I am
writer, Simon Faria, who’s here to talk to us about his
particularly fond of Seville, where I went for my first
career. Good afternoon, Simon. From your books, it is
story. It has everything I love about southern Spain.
clear that you are passionate about your work. Have you
Blazing hot sun, Moorish architecture, flamenco, tapas –
always wanted to be a travel writer?
what more could you ask for? You can travel to the
Simon: No, that came much later. Growing up, I was
other side of the world, but if you don’t try to get a feel
influenced by my father’s passion for photography. I
for the people and their culture, you may as well have
spent my weekends, camera in hand, wandering around
stayed at home.
the city, looking for pictures. When I was old enough, I
Int: Finally, how do you see travel writing developing in
got a Saturday job in a camera shop (which was really
the future?
just an excuse to play with equipment I couldn’t afford
Simon: Sometimes I worry that it won’t be as popular
to buy!).Then, when it was time to leave school, a career
as it is today, that people will lose interest. But then I
in photography seemed the natural choice.
read something completely original, or one of the
Int: And how did you get from photography into travel
classics like South, by Shackleton, and I realise that a
writing?
great story is just a great story. Maybe the future is in
Simon: After leaving school, I worked as a photographer
writing travel blogs, where readers can follow the
for a local newspaper. Sometimes, when there was no
author’s adventures as he has them. But I suspect that,
journalist available to do the story, the editor would ask
whatever happens, there will always be demand for a
me to write a few words to go with the pictures. I
good book.
enjoyed the work and, as my writing improved, I was
given more to do.Then, one day, I received a call from a
friend at a travel magazine.Would I like to do a story on
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Unit 5.8 with pictures from the school through the ages, it
Speaking Task 1 (p. 146) might be a bit more interesting for students and
visitors. I think it would need to be well-organised
Model Answer – Student A though, to work well.
I am going to talk about shopping habits and in A: Yes, I suppose you’re right. OK, we’ll think about
particular, advertising and the environmental that. Lets have a look at some of our other choices
consequences of shopping. first. How about an exhibition of students artwork.
First of all, people’s shopping habits are changing. My Our art department certainly produces excellent
parents didn’t use to have as much choice as we have work by the pupils and it would show what the
now. The choice of goods to buy and the choice of students have achieved.
places to buy goods is much wider these days. People B: Yes, we certainly have some very creative students
spend whole days in shopping malls looking in shops and at our school. Do you think that we would have
comparing prices and products. Shopping has become a enough pieces of artwork to make a large
leisure activity for some people. exhibition? Again, this would need to be well-
Online shopping is the biggest change to shopping organised and would mean a lot of work for the art
habits. Now people can order their groceries from the department to get it all sorted out.
supermarket online as well as books, music, DVD’s and A: What about our next choice, a concert by the
clothes. In fact, just about anything can be bought online school band? Everyone loves listening to music and
these days, on websites such as eBay. we’ve got one of the best school bands in the
Sunday trading means that people can go shopping seven country. This would be an excellent choice for an
days a week and many shops are open in the evenings or Open Day event.
even 24 hours a day.This is convenient for workers and B: You’re right. This is a very good choice. The school
for families, as it offers greater freedom of choice as to band is always very impressive and everyone loves
how they spend their weekend. It is also good for the listening to them play. Don’t forget, though, that
economy when people continue to spend their money they played a concert at the school last month. So,
seven days a week. the only thing that goes against this choice is that
Television advertising is a very powerful force that they’ve played at school quite recently.
persuades people to buy goods. Products are shown to A: Yes, that is something to consider. Although, I don’t
improve our lives and we are tempted to try them. think anyone would find it boring to listen to them
When I was young I often wanted toys that I saw on TV again.Anyways, we have one more choice to consider,
advertisements. Magazines also contain a lot of a football match between students and teachers. I
attractive advertisements, making products seem think this would be a lot of fun. Everyone enjoys
glamorous and desirable. I have been persuaded to try watching sport and it would be a chance for a bit of
beauty products by such advertisements. enjoyable rivalry between students and teachers.
Some people do not see the connection between B: Oh, I don’t think I like this idea at all. It’s not a
shopping and the environment. However, shopping might suitable event for an Open Day. Some people might
be bad for the environment. One reason is that so many enjoy it, but I think a lot of people wouldn’t be
goods are pre-packaged in plastic wrapping.This ends up interested at all. As far as I’m concerned the best
on our streets and in rubbish dumps and it is not choices would be either the concert or the art
biodegradable, it takes hundreds of years to break exhibition.
down. Fortunately, many people are learning how to be A: In that case I think the best choice would be the
an environmentally friendly shoppers. They are not concert by the school band because they’re such a
taking plastic carrier bags in supermarkets and buying good band and everyone loves listening to them.
products that are not pre-packaged avoids unnecessary They’re very popular. Do you agree?
waste.We can all help by doing the same. B: I do. I think it’s a good choice.
A: Great.
Speaking Task 2 (p. 146)
Model Answer – Student A Speaking Task 1 (p. 147)
A: Looking at our choices, I see the first one is for a Model Answer – Student B
presentation about the school. I think this sounds I am going to talk about leisure activities for young
quite interesting. I think the students would enjoy people.
hearing about the history of the school and the Leisure activities are the things we do in our free time
achievements of former pupils, don’t you? such as sports or hobbies. They are important because
B: It’s not a bad idea. My only problem is it doesn’t they help to keep us mentally and physically healthy.
sound very lively. Perhaps if there were a slide show When we do something we enjoy in our free time, it
103
Tapescripts

helps us to forget our problems. Whether it’s playing important to have a relaxing place to sit and chat
tennis, listening to music or playing chess, the activity have a drink and something to eat. The dining hall
takes our minds off our work or any other problems we we have now is very old.
have. B: Yes it is. I’m not sure about this though. Compared
My friends and I all enjoy playing hockey and we practice to the other choices it seems the least necessary to
after school 3 days a week. Sometimes we enter inter- me. I think it has to be either the sports facilities or
school competitions and visit other schools at the the IT centre. Maybe we should decide which is the
weekends for these. Playing hockey is a fabulous way to best by considering which would be used most
stay healthy and it makes me feel very happy too. I have often.
been playing hockey since I was ten years old. A: On that basis, it has to be the Information
As well as playing hockey, I also enjoy reading and Technology centre, both students and teachers
watching films. These are relaxing for me. When I was would use it for research, for learning new IT skills
younger I didn’t like reading very much. I started reading and for presentation of work.
the Harry Potter books because one of my friends gave B: I have to agree with you. It would be so nice to have
me the book as a present. Ever since then, I have read new outdoor sports facilities, but we all need to
the whole series. I have also seen the films, but I like to develop our IT skills and keep up to date with
have read the book first. Now, I read all kinds of books, technology.
but when I really want to lose myself, I read Agatha
Christie. I have to keep turning the page to find out who Unit 5.12
committed the crime and I forget about everything else. Exercise 6b (p. 155)
Films are the same and the nice thing about films is that
you can watch them with your friends and be sociable. After a while,Torres said:“You have a daughter. I like her
Finding something you enjoy doing in your free time is – and I want to marry her!” Apparently Joam Garral
important and it helps if your school and your parents expected anything from a man like Torres, and was as
encourage you to try different activities to help you quiet as before.
choose. Some leisure activities can be expensive, such as “And so,” Garral said, “the worthy Torres is eager to
horse riding - especially if you have your own horse. I’m marry into the family of a murderer and a thief?”
glad I have found activities that I both enjoy and can “I am the one to decide what is best for me to do,” said
afford. Torres.“I wish to be the son-in-law of Joam Garral, and I
will.”
Speaking Task 2 (p. 147) “You ignore, then, that my daughter is going to marry
Manoel Valdez?” Garral said.
Model Answer – Student B “You will break it off with Manoel Valdez!”
B: It’s wonderful that we have some money to spend “And if my daughter declines?”
on the school for improvements, so we need to “If you tell her everything, I have no doubt she would
discuss which of these four options to choose. I like agree to marry me,” was Torres’ answer.
the sound of new outdoor sports facilities. We “Everything?”
could play football and hockey in the winter and do “Everything, if necessary. She would ignore her own
athletics in the summer if we had an athletics track feelings for the honour of her family and the life of her
with a sports field in the centre. father.”
A: This is certainly a good idea. Keeping fit and healthy “You are a scoundrel, Torres,” said Joam quietly, his
is important for students and something we should coolness never leaving him.
all get into the habit of doing. I am also in favour of “A scoundrel and a murderer were made to understand
a new library because we need more areas for each other,” Torres said.
private study and the present library is too small. At these words Joam Garral rose, advanced to the
Perhaps this should come before sports. adventurer, and looking him straight in the face, said,
B: On the other hand, maybe instead of a new library, “Torres, if you wish to become one of my family, you
what we need is an information technology centre. ought to know that I, Joam Dacosta, was innocent.”
After all, increasingly, we are using computers for “Really!”
our studies rather than books, aren’t we? “And I add,” replied Joam,“that you hold the proof of my
A: I suppose so, although personally I think nothing innocence, and are keeping it back until you marry my
can replace a book, however good the internet daughter.”
might be. I’m sure this option would be popular “Correct, Joam Garral,” answered Torres, lowering his
with students and the teachers too. But let’s just voice, “and when you have heard me out, you will see if
think about the other option which is a cafeteria. I you dare refuse me your daughter!”
know this isn’t an educational facility but it’s still “I am listening,Torres.”
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Tapescripts

“Well,” said the adventurer, half keeping back his words, Abigail: Yeah time has been going so fast recently. I
as if he was sorry to let them escape from his lips, “I think the summer holidays will fly by and then we’ll be
know you are innocent! I know it, for I know the true starting college. That’s going to be nerve-wracking!
culprit, and I am in a position to prove your innocence.” Steven: Nerve-wracking? No it won’t. It will be exciting!
“And the unhappy man who committed the crime?” A chance to meet new people and study subjects that
“He is dead,” Torres replied. we’re really interested in, it will be great.
Abigail: I guess you’re right. I just think it will be so
Focus on RNE different from school and, well, I sometimes get nervous
Listening – Part 1 (p. 160) meeting new people.
Steven: Don’t worry. I’ll still be there, and Matt and
Abigail: I can’t believe we’ve finished school for the
Karen are going to that college too. I’m sure you’ll be
summer. I know that for the first week of the holidays,
fine. You’re very friendly and kind so you’ll make lots of
at least, I’m just going to relax.
friends.
Steven: Yes, me too. I’ll probably spend it out in the
Abigail: Really, do you think so?
garden or at the beach. It’s been so hot recently that I
Steven: Yes of course! I tell you what, I have some
think I’ll be suntanned before I know it. Hey, why don’t
friends that I play tennis with on Mondays, I will ask
we go to the beach on Saturday?
them to come to the beach too and you can start
Abigail: Ok, I’ll make a picnic and we can set off early
meeting some new people.
for the whole day. I’ll ask Matt and Karen to come too.
Abigail: Okay, that sounds like fun. Thanks Steven.
They asked if I was going to do something this weekend
Steven: Hey, that’s what friends are for.
so we can all go together. Plus they know where a
beautiful beach is, not far from here.
Steven: Great. It will be fun with the four of us and I
haven’t seen Matt since we played football. Wow, that
was more than two weeks ago!

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Workbook Key
Module 1 – Communication English by making friends on the Internet and staying in
touch with them. I speak English and French, and I like
Reading & Vocabulary (pp. 4-5) them both because you can use them in so many
1 a) 1 A 3 B 5 D 7 D countries. But I’d also like to learn an Asian language. I’m
2 B 4 A 6 C considering Japanese, because I’m interested in travelling
in Japan.
2 1 lean 5 inflection 9 head for
2 imitation 6 saviour 10 pointed Extra Questions (Suggested Answers)
3 hurtling 7 bank 11 showed • Yes, it’s better to begin learning a foreign language
4 rooted 8 rendered 12 declared from a young age, because it takes many years to
master a language.You are also more likely to speak
3 1 reached, arrived 4 accent, dialect with a better accent if you begin speaking the
2 complete, entire 5 extends, prolong language as a child.
3 last, Later • I’d love to take a summer course in a foreign
country. It would be an excellent way to improve in
4 a foreign language, and it would also be a wonderful
my temper

the chance
the target
the point

travel experience.
the train

my keys

my job
a goal

• I can speak English well, but I’d still like to improve.

hope

In particular, I’d like to have a larger vocabulary. I

miss ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ also make mistakes in grammar.
• In my opinion, the hardest thing about a new
lose ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
language is the grammar. Even if you know a
language well, it’s still easy to make mistakes when
Listening (p. 6) you are speaking, and it takes many years of practice
to avoid those mistakes.
1 1 B 3 A 5 C
2 D 4 F 6 G Task 2 (Suggested Answer)
2 1 B 3 B 5 B 7 B A: A one-day excursion would make a nice end-of-year
2 C 4 A 6 A celebration. Students would enjoy it. We could also
make it educational.
3 1 B 3 C 5 B 7 B B: Students would like it, but it would be a bit expensive,
2 A 4 C 6 A and maybe some students wouldn’t be able to afford
it. It would also be difficult to organise an event like
that for so many students.
Speaking (p. 7)
A: OK, what about a classroom party, then? It would be
Task 1 (Suggested Answer) cheap and easy to do, and everyone would be able to
Many people nowadays are learning foreign languages. It’s come.
important for anyone who wants to work or study B: You’re right. I’m just worried that it would be boring
abroad. For example, if you’re interested in working in for some students.An end-of-year celebration should
another country, or in having a job that involves working be something special.
with foreigners, it’s necessary to know at least one A: I agree, a classroom party might be a little boring.
foreign language. In my country, nearly every university How about spending an evening at a disco? That
student knows another language. English is the most would be exciting for the students.
popular, but it’s not the only one people are learning. I B: I don’t think the parents would like that idea. How
have friends who have learned two or more new about having dinner at a smart restaurant? That would
languages. Most of them study languages at school, but be a fun experience for the students, and parents
there are other ways to learn. For example, there are wouldn’t mind. It would be fun for the students to eat
free courses on the Internet.You can also learn with CDs together.
and DVDs. And, of course, you can always buy a book A: I like that idea, but it’s also a bit expensive and difficult
and study without a teacher. But learning only from to organise. We should choose something that
books can be a bit boring, so it’s nice sometimes to do doesn’t cost a lot of money. Also, the students prefer
some extra things to make learning more enjoyable. For to eat fast food when they get together, such as pizza.
instance, it’s fun to watch films from other countries, or
to listen to international music and try to learn the song
lyrics. And there are many people who improve their
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Workbook Key

B: That’s true. Then maybe we should just have a • I think everyone should make an effort to help
classroom party. We could find ways to make it the environment in some way.
interesting.We could organise games and contests, for • Try not to make a mess while you’re cooking.
example. We could also order pizza. I don’t think it • We have made changes to our house.
will be boring, if we combine food and activities. • Can you please make a copy of that for me?
A: Yes, I agree. I think that’s the best choice. • She’s the woman who does my hair.
• My cousin taught me how to make bread.
Reading & Vocabulary (pp. 8-9) • She spends all day doing the garden.
• We need you to do an errand for us.
1 a) 1 B 3 A 5 F
2 G 4 E 6 C
Reading & Vocabulary (pp. 10-11)
2 1 C 2 A 3 B 4 D 1 a) 1 C 3 B 5 F 7 E
2 A 4 G 6 D
3 1 learning 4 criminal 7 hotly
2 office 5 flexible 8 job 2 1 take up 6 threatens
3 driving 6 working 2 spent 7 are aware
3 grow up 8 promote
4 1 rewarding 7 butter 4 graduate 9 involves
2 clients 8 flying 5 generated 10 explore
3 redundant 9 habit
4 fully-qualified 10 assured 3 1 vulnerable 5 sampling
5 seek 11 challenging 2 extensively 6 effective
6 entails 3 hazards 7 effort
4 substantial 8 risky
5 1 of 3 In 5 with
2 to 4 with 6 to 4 1 in 3 to 5 from 7 on 9 on
2 in 4 from 6 at /from 8 of
6 MAKE DO
5 1 sports 4 volunteer 7 language
friends, a decision, exercise, a job, 2 strained 5 individual 8 traditional
the bed, allowances, the cooking, 3 natural 6 hired
a mistake, breakfast, your homework,
a suggestion, a call, my hair, the garden, (Suggested Answers)
an effort, a mess, an errand
1 Many people are trying sports tourism.
changes, a copy, bread
2 Athletes often suffer from strained muscles.
3 Because he is so strong he has a natural
(Suggested Answers) advantage.
• At his new school it was difficult for him to make 4 They spent the summer as volunteer workers
friends. in Africa.
• We should make a decision about what we want 5 A good teacher must pay attention to the
to eat. individual needs of the students.
• Every day after school we do exercises. 6 We did the job without any hired help.
• My mother wants me to make the bed. 7 My sister speaks four languages and works as a
• You must make allowances for her, she’s very language teacher.
young. 8 Technology is improving on traditional
• Stop talking to her, she’s trying to do her job! techniques in farming.
• Be careful, or you will make a mistake!
• Do you want to go out, or should I make breakfast? Use of English (pp. 12-13)
• My grandmother usually does the cooking in our 1 1 B 3 A 5 B 7 A
family. 2 C 4 D 6 C
• Let me make a suggestion to help you.
• Why didn’t you do your homework? 2 1 no point in (his/him) trying
• I am looking for a telephone because I need to 2 spite of (her) being
make a call. 3 what your son looks like
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Workbook Key

4 have the same number of B Informal

5 is better than
1 F let you know 6 A In
6 allow people to use
2 C got into 7 D chance
7 have no intention of
3 H will give 8 G get to know
8 if you do not eat
4 I there will be 9 B only if
5 E like 10 J rest
3 1 waited/had been 4 placing
waiting 5 Did you notice
4 1 Hi 7 By the way
2 was asked 6 was waiting
2 Thanks so much for 8 want to thank you
3 had left 7 will return
3 I’m so sorry 9 lucky
4 writing back to 10 Write back soon
4 1 wonderful 3 cultural 5 difficulty
5 hope 11 Love
2 decision 4 firmly 6 ability
6 say hi from me!
Writing letters/emails (pp. 14-15)
5 1 B 3 G 5 F 7 E 9 H
1 A accepting an invitation – informal 2 J 4 D 6 I 8 C
B complaint – formal
C application – formal Vocabulary & Grammar Practice I (pp. 16-17)
D expressing congratulations – informal
1 1 A 5 C 9 A 13 B 17 B
E refusing an invitation – informal
2 D 6 A 10 C 14 A 18 D
F request for information – formal
3 A 7 B 11 A 15 C 19 B
4 B 8 D 12 D 16 A 20 C
2 (Suggested Answers)
B opening remarks: I would greatly appreciate it 2 1 D 5 D 9 D 13 B 17 B
if you could provide me with some information 2 B 6 A 10 B 14 C 18 D
on the facilities at the Lindsey Sports Centre. 3 A 7 C 11 C 15 A 19 A
closing remarks: Thank you in advance for 4 C 8 A 12 C 16 C 20 B
your help.
C opening remarks: Hi, how’s everything going? Module 2 – Challenges
I’ve just heard that you passed your driving test.
Congratulations! Reading & Vocabulary (pp. 18-19)
closing remarks: Well, I’d better go and do 1 a) 1 D 3 A 5 A 7 B
some work! Once again, well done! 2 B 4 B 6 A
Write back soon.
D opening remarks: I am writing to draw your 2 1 gain 5 petty 9 real
attention to the terrible service I received at 2 regular 6 common 10 bad
your restaurant on Friday 12th June. 3 fanciful 7 public
closing remarks: As you can imagine, I am 4 urban 8 brief
extremely upset. I hope this matter can be resolved
promptly. 3 1 C 4 D 7 B 10 C
2 B 5 B 8 A 11 B
E opening remarks: Hello, how are you? I’m just
3 C 6 C 9 D 12 A
writing to invite you to my barbecue party next
weekend.
closing remarks: Hope you can make it – it’ll 4
your horizons

be great fun!
your hand

a business
a rumour

a building
a disease

3 A formal
1 F to inform you 7 D opportunity spread ✓ ✓
2 C been accepted 8 G familiarise
3 H will be provided 9 B on condition expand ✓ ✓
4 I will be holding that extend ✓ ✓
5 E such as 10 J remainder
6 A During

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Workbook Key

Listening (p. 20-21) Task 2 (Suggested Answer)

1 1 E 3 G 5 A A: I think a talk on the importance of staying fit would be
2 B 4 C 6 D a good idea for Health Awareness Week. There are
many students who don’t get enough exercise.
2 1 A 3 B 5 B 7 A Someone could come to the school and talk to them
2 C 4 C 6 A about what habits are better for their health.
B: Yes, I agree. Students could also learn about why fast
3 1 B 3 B 5 A 7 C foods are so bad for them. But many students already
2 C 4 B 6 B know that it’s important to stay fit, and a talk might be
boring for them. I think it would be better to organise
Speaking (p. 21) an event that would give the students something to
do.
Task 1 (Suggested Answer) A: Well, we could organise a fitness day with activities.
In my country, there are many popular sports, but That would be exciting, and students could be
football is probably the most popular. Olympic sports are introduced to new activities.
also very popular, and we are famous for winning medals B: That’s a nice idea, but many students are not very fit
in athletics. Our gymnastics team is very popular.We also and maybe they would find the activities difficult. It
have many famous tennis players. For outdoor sports, wouldn’t be fair to them. How about visiting a local
apart from football, skiing and tennis are very popular.We gym to see what programmes are offered there? That
also have a tradition of ice hockey, which is my personal way students could learn about fitness activities
favourite. I would say that many people in my country without having to participate.
follow a healthy lifestyle, but unfortunately there are A: That would be difficult to organise, and maybe
many who do not. Many of the younger people, expensive, too. It might also be difficult to get many
particularly in the cities, are spending more time in front students into a gym at one time. Maybe we should
of the computer or television, and I think this is having have a workshop on how to exercise safely.We could
negative effects on their health because they are not organise talks and activities, and students would be
exercising enough. Generally, I’d say people lead a learning something new about what to do when they
healthier lifestyle in the countryside, because they walk exercise.
more, and spend a lot of time working outdoors. When B: That’s a good idea, but it might be boring for some
you work outdoors your lifestyle is more active, and this students. I think the best idea is the fitness day. We
is better for you, because you don’t gain weight as easily. could organise many activities so that there would be
People who are not active usually spend many hours something for every student to enjoy, even the ones
sitting, and this can lead to many health problems later in who aren’t very fit.
life. A: It would be a lot of work, but I think you’re right. OK,
let’s choose the fitness day.
Extra Questions (Suggested Answers)
• My friends and I love to play football together Reading & Vocabulary (pp. 22-23)
outside. It’s easy to do, because you don’t need any 1 a) 1 E 3 A 5 B
special equipment, only a football and the right 2 G 4 F 6 D
shoes.
• A person who wants to stay fit should probably 2 1 combined 6 insufficient
exercise at least four times a week. Some people 2 rich 7 residents
exercise every day, but I don’t think it’s necessary to 3 minor 8 tragedy
exercise so often 4 overdue 9 evacuation
• For me, the most challenging activities are the ones 5 light-hearted 10 historic
that require a lot of strength. I’m good at football,
because I’m fast and can kick well, but I’m not very 3 1 evacuate 6 threatened
big, so I’ve never been good at some of the other 2 share 7 assume
sports. 3 estimated 8 guessed
• I’d recommend any team sport, because playing on a 4 pose 9 claimed
team is a great way to get to know new people, and 5 rely 10 erupted
it also teaches you how to work with others. I’ve
made many friends by playing team sports.

109
Workbook Key

4 1 attitude 5 risk 6 My friends and I like to go skiing together.

2 solution 6 assumption 7 I played a joke on my friends.
3 population 7 base 8 I love to go skateboarding.
4 relocation 8 guarantee 9 On holiday we love to play games.
10 I am learning to play golf.
5 a) 1 residents 4 occupants
2 tenants 5 citizens Use of English (pp. 26-27)
3 locals
1 1 C 3 D 5 C 7 C
2 B 4 A 6 B
b) 1 shade 2 shadow
2 1 will be seeing Jane
c) 1 cosy 3 convenient
2 are sorry to tell
2 comfortable
3 have not changed since
4 had no intention of upsetting
d) 1 miss 5 miss 9 loose
5 blame me for
2 lose 6 loose 10 lose
6 despite studying
3 loose 7 lose
7 was cut off
4 lose 8 miss
8 has been working as
Reading & Vocabulary (pp. 24-25)
3 1 have finished 5 am pulling
1 a) 1 D 3 A 5 F 7 G 2 didn’t pass 6 don’t believe
2 C 4 B 6 H 3 sighed 7 handing
4 took
2 1 wind 6 answered
2 concentrate 7 injured 4 1 centrally 3 unexpected 5 inconvenience
3 Searching 8 compete 2 combination 4 Visitors 6 parking
4 maintain 9 take
5 wander 10 shape Writing semi-formal letters, emails (pp. 28-29)
1 A invitation – formal
3 1 mid-air 6 Amateur
B expressing thanks – semi-formal
2 hair-raising 7 mad
C application – formal
3 decidedly 8 unconditional
D giving information – formal
4 foolish 9 common
E giving news – semi-formal
5 hooked 10 demanding
F giving information – semi-formal
4 1 instructors 4 challenge 7 rally
2 1 C requesting information – informal
2 steep 5 aspects 8 offer
2 A requesting information – semi-formal
3 feeling 6 profession 9 characteristics
3 B giving information – formal
5 golf – clubs – course
3 A semi-formal
tennis – racquet – court
bowling – ball & pins – alley 1 for your advice 8 am enthusiastic
ice-skating – skates – rink 2 my choice of about enrolling
boxing – gloves – ring 3 this decision 9 understand
football – ball & boots – pitch 4 am quite confused 10 concern
athletics – trainers – track 5 disapprove of 11 prefer to follow
6 would rather see me 12 appreciate your
6 2 go 4 do 6 go 8 go 10 play 7 more respectable advice
3 go 5 play 7 play 9 play
B Informal
(Suggested Answers)
1 what you think
2 I go swimming at the pool.
2 choosing
3 I go mountain biking at the weekends.
3 up my mind
4 I do my best at school.
5 I can’t play the piano.
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Workbook Key

4 ’m so lost 6 few queries

5 don’t like 7 student accommodation
6 think that I should
7 better 2nd extract should be informal because it is a letter
8 really fancy signing up to a friend.
9 get
10 worry 1 I just wanted to tell
11 want to have 2 I had the time of my life
12 love it if you helped me out 3 go
4 Let me know if you’re into it
4 (Suggested Answers) 5 Can’t wait to hear from you
B Opening remarks: Just dropping a line to thank 6 Love
you for the great advice about fencing. I am really
looking forward to my first lesson next week! 3rd extract should be formal because it is a letter
of complaint.
Closing remarks: Thanks again for all your help.
Hope we can practice together sometime soon!
1 I am writing
2 purchased
C Opening remarks: I am writing with regards
3 on the 22nd March
to the editing position.
4 was appalled
Closing remarks: Thank you for your time 5 when I discovered
and consideration. I look forward to hearing 6 a considerable amount
from you. 7 attachments
8 were unaccounted for
D Opening remarks: It is that time of year again
for our annual talent show. 6 a) The letter is to Mr Wilson.
Closing remarks: Hope to see you all there! It is from Albert.
Its purpose is to apologise.
E Opening remarks: I am writing to apologise It should be written in formal style.
for my recent absence at the business meeting.
b) 1 a 4 a 7 b 10 a
Closing remarks: Once again, I am sorry for
2 b 5 b 8 a
my absence.
3 a 6 b 9 b
F Opening remarks: I am writing in response to
Vocabulary & Grammar Practice II (pp. 30-31)
the recent editorial in your newspaper. Your
story lacked integrity and truth. 1 1 D 5 D 9 A 13 C 17 C
Closing remarks: I hope in the future you do 2 A 6 C 10 D 14 A 18 B
a better job of fact-checking before putting the 3 C 7 B 11 C 15 B 19 A
words in print. 4 B 8 D 12 B 16 B 20 B

G Opening remarks: I am writing to inform you 2 1 B 5 A 9 C 13 D 17 B

about the arrangements that have been made in 2 C 6 B 10 A 14 B 18 A
preparation for your upcoming visit. 3 D 7 D 11 C 15 C 19 D
4 B 8 B 12 D 16 C 20 B
Closing remarks: If you have any questions or
concerns, please feel free to contact me. I look
forward to your visit.
Module 3 – Rights
Reading & Vocabulary (pp. 32-33)
5 1st extract should be formal because it is written
to a school. 1 a) 1 B 3 D 5 B 7 C
2 B 4 C 6 A
1 pleased to receive
2 1 majority 5 curfew
2 of acceptance from
2 suspects 6 unsupervised
3 would be an honour
3 innocent 7 offenders
4 fine institution
4 prejudice 8 potential
5 However
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Workbook Key

3 1 C 3 A 5 D 7 B especially love exploring cities I’ve never been to before.

2 C 4 D 6 D 8 C It isn’t necessary for me to spend a lot of money when
I’m on holiday to have a good time, and I like to travel
4 1 prevent 4 treated 7 cut down with my friends. Some people love to do extreme
2 spotted 5 committed 8 pick on activities. One of my friends spent several days climbing a
3 call in 6 set off mountain during his summer holiday. He told me that he
loves the challenge, and he also likes to keep active. But I
5 1 underage 5 anti-social 9 social wouldn’t want to do something so dangerous. I’m not
2 human rights 6 police 10 local very athletic, and I prefer sightseeing holidays.
3 film 7 court
4 evening 8 legal Extra Questions (Suggested Answers)
• My dream holiday would be two months of
1 In most countries, underage child means a
backpacking in South America. I’ve always wanted to
child under 18 years of age.
go there because the South American countries are
2 Human rights activists hold events against
so different from my own country, and I know I
racism and prejudice.
would see many exotic and fascinating things there.
3 Film footage is quickly becoming a thing of the
• Yes, I would, because I believe it’s important to help
past as a result of digital filming.
protect the environment. It’s very irresponsible of
4 I love watching old couples, hand in hand, taking
tourists to visit a place without respecting the
their evening stroll.
nature there.
5 The town suffers from all kinds of anti-social
• We have many extreme activities. Ski jumping is
behaviour, from graffiti to vandalism.
popular, and other activities and sports which
6 Police officers put their lives at risk when
involve cold weather and snow.
chasing armed criminals.
• My country has a rich history, and I think this
7 A court of law is where people settle their
appeals to many of the tourists. They like to visit
legal disputes.
museums and enjoy the architecture of the big
8 It is wiser to take legal action rather than take
cities.
the law into your own hands.
9 Children who are mistreated by their parents Task 2 (Suggested Answer)
are often put into care by social services.
A: A beach clean-up day would be a fun event for
10 A smaller budget has forced the local authorities
Tourism & Human Rights Week. Students would enjoy
to cut many important services this year.
being at the beach, and they would learn something
about responsible tourism.
Listening (pp. 34-35)
B: Yes, it’s a nice idea, but it hasn’t got anything to do
1 1 E 3 A 5 B with human rights. I think it would be a lot of fun for
2 C 4 F 6 G the students but not educational enough, and we
really want them to learn about responsible tourism
2 1 A 3 B 5 B 7 B and human rights. How about a lecture on responsible
2 C 4 A 6 A tourism?
A: It’s not a good idea, because most students don’t get
3 1 C 3 C 5 B 7 C to choose where they go on holiday, or what they do
2 B 4 C 6 A when they’re on holiday, so it wouldn’t be very
practical.We could try a presentation on the negative
Speaking (p. 35) effects of tourism. That way students could learn
something they’ll remember when they’re old enough
Task 1 (Suggested Answer) to choose their own holidays.
I think people appreciate different things when they go B: You have a point, but I think that a presentation would
on holiday. Many people enjoy travelling to learn about be a little boring. Maybe we should try something
new cultures, but most of the people I know just want to with pictures so that the students will be more
relax when they go away, and that’s why beach holidays interested. We could set up a gallery display of
are very popular for people who can afford them. Some pictures and posters showing the negative influence of
people enjoy more challenging activities, such as camping tourism on human rights. Students would like it, and it
or extreme sports, but most of the people I know like to would be informative.
stay in hotels. When I go on holiday, I prefer seeing new A: I agree. The only problem is that it would be difficult
places rather than visiting the same places every time. I to find so many pictures .
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B: Yes, it would, but we could use the Internet and the 4 1 mouse 4 memory 7 keyboard
library to help us with the research. 2 software 5 modem 8 disk drive
A: Yes, you’re right. OK, so the gallery display is the best 3 monitor 6 cable
option.
5 1 travel 5 water 9 halls
Reading & Vocabulary (pp. 36-37) 2 personal 6 look 10 course
3 connection 7 modern
1 a) 1 B 3 D 5 A
4 timeless 8 financial
2 F 4 E 6 C
(Suggested Answers)
2 1 B 3 C 5 A 7 D
2 C 4 A 6 C 8 C 1 Space travel has provided scientists with
valuable information about our solar system.
3 1 up to 5 emphasised 2 PC stands for personal computer.
2 option 6 society 3 My telephone company provides me with an
3 vital 7 contact Internet connection.
4 backgrounds 8 connected 4 My grandmother taught us the timeless
tradition of making our own quilts.
4 1 provides 5 account for 5 Many campsites today offer bathrooms with
2 wandering 6 motivated running water.
3 went through 7 deserves 6 They decorated the room with old furniture to
4 pointed out 8 reunited give it a rustic look.
7 Modern technology has changed the way we
5 1 worker 4 training 7 homeless communicate with each other.
2 on 5 hall 8 off 8 Financial difficulties caused the company to
3 atmosphere 6 line close.
9 My son is staying in the university’s halls of
(Suggested Answers) residence.
10 An online course is a course you do over the
• A social worker would have an excellent
Internet.
chance of getting a job with Second Chance.
• Staff at Second Chance must be on call 24
Use of English (pp. 40-41)
hours a day, seven days a week.
• It is important that a homeless shelter provide a 1 1 A 3 A 5 C 7 B
friendly atmosphere. 2 C 4 C 6 D
• Homeless people should be put in training
programmes to help them learn some skills. 2 (Suggested Answers)
• There is a direct line to the hospital in the 1 only student who wasn’t
entrance hall of Second Chance. 2 hardly ate her
• The purpose of homeless shelters is to 3 as long as you are
eventually get the homeless off the streets and 4 had no idea about/of
into permanent homes. 5 had better go to
6 to cut down on
Reading & Vocabulary (pp. 38-39) 7 cost anything to enter
8 be bought in advance
1 a) 1 H 3 F 5 E 7 B
2 G 4 A 6 D
3 1 was standing 5 are involved
2 had called 6 have already spent
2 1 wilderness 5 joined 9 popular
3 gives 7 becoming
2 adopt 6 hooks 10 benefits
4 doesn’t act
3 mission 7 vegetation
4 bank 8 suitable
4 1 democratic 4 understanding
2 suggestions 5 statement
3 1 communicating 5 exchange
3 arguments 6 responsibilities
2 concentrate 6 gives
3 made 7 lay
4 appreciate 8 set up
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Workbook Key

Writing letters/emails based on notes 3 I would like to know about the

(pp. 42-43) accommodations./ What are the
accommodations like?
1 You are interested in taking an intensive summer 4 I would appreciate it if you could let me
course to improve your English.You have found this know what the hours of the job are./What
advertisement about studying English in England for are the hours I would have to work?
the summer. Read the advertisement and the notes 5 I would like to know which evenings are
you have made. Then, write a letter to the school free./Which evenings are free?
requesting information in an appropriate style, using 6 I was hoping you could tell me how much
all your notes. money I would be paid./Could you please tell
me what the salary is?
1 An English school in Bath. 7 I would like to know about special benefits
2 Formal, because we do not know the reader. you advertise./What exactly are the special
3 To request information related to the benefits you mention in the advertisement?
advertisement.
4 B c) (Suggested Answer)
5 A, B, D, E, G, I, J, K
6 2 B 3 A 4 A Dear Sir/Madam,
7 (Suggested Answer) I am writing to you because I am interested in
applying for the position of English teacher you
Beginning have advertised, and would like to request some
Dear Sir/Madam, information about the job.
I am writing to you because I am interested in Your advertisement states that the position is
applying for your summer course and would like for English tutors abroad. I would appreciate it if
to request some information. you could inform me which countries are
Ending included in the program. I would also like to
I would appreciate it if you could inform me on know the ages of the students.You mention free
these matters as soon as possible. I look forward accommodation.What is it like?
to hearing from you. With regard to the salary and hours, could you
Yours faithfully, please tell me how much money I would be paid,
(name) and exactly what the benefits are? I would also
like to know what the working hours are, and
2 3 (D) I would like to know if you offer any which evenings are free.
weekend specials. Please inform me on these matters as soon as
4 (I) Are the exams written or oral? possible. I look forward to hearing from you.
5 (D) I am interested in finding out if there are any Yours faithfully,
overnight stays on these excursions. (name)
6 (D) – I would like to know if I have to bring my
own cooing utensils. Vocabulary & Grammar Practice III (pp. 44-45)
7 (I) Do you have any part-time positions
available? 1 1 A 5 B 9 B 13 B 17 D
8 (I) Exactly how many students are there in each 2 D 6 A 10 B 14 D 18 D
class? 3 B 7 C 11 C 15 A 19 B
4 D 8 D 12 A 16 C 20 B
3 a) (Suggested Answers)
2 1 B 5 A 9 D 13 A 17 C
2 How old?
2 C 6 A 10 B 14 B 18 B
3 Shared or private accommodations?
3 A 7 D 11 C 15 D 19 A
4 How many hours per week?
4 C 8 D 12 D 16 B 20 D
5 Which evenings?
6 How much?
7 What exactly?

b) (Suggested Answers)
2 I would appreciate it if you could tell me the
ages of the students./Could you please tell
me the ages of the students?
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Workbook Key

Module 4 – Survival • Many birds are facing extinction, and so are whales.
In particular, animals that have been hunted for
Reading & Vocabulary (pp. 46-47) many years are endangered.
1 a) 1 A 3 B 5 B 7 D • I don’t know very much about animals, but I’m
2 C 4 C 6 A interested in helping the environment, and
volunteering to protect animals would be a good
2 1 C 3 C 5 C 7 D 9 A way to do that. It would also be a great travel
2 A 4 B 6 A 8 C 10 B opportunity.
• In my city, we have a problem with homeless dogs
3 1 came round 5 part and cats. I don’t know too much about what is being
2 former 6 belonged done, but I do know that there are organisations
3 discussion 7 eager that work to help them.
4 advised 8 Initially
Task 2 (Suggested Answer)
Listening (pp. 48-49)
A: I think a trip to an animal shelter would be a great
1 1 B 3 G 5 C idea for Animal Welfare Week. Students would learn
2 F 4 A 6 D about caring for animals. Most students like animals,
and I think they would enjoy spending time with
2 1 B 3 C 5 B 7 A them.
2 A 4 A 6 C B: I agree, but it sounds difficult to organise. In my
opinion, it would be better to do something to help
3 1 B 3 A 5 C 7 C animals in our community. What do you think about
2 C 4 B 6 B having a fundraiser to help the homeless animals in
the area?
Speaking (p. 49) A: Maybe students aren’t very interested in helping local
animals.And it would difficult to raise a lot of money.
Task 1 (Suggested Answer) B: I disagree. There are many activities that we could
There are many jobs that involve working with animals. organise.A car wash, for example. Many people in the
Farmers work with animals, and so do the people who community will be happy to help if we tell them what
work at zoos and wildlife parks. Veterinarians and some the money is for.And I think we could make it fun for
scientists work with animals every day. There are also the students, too.
many jobs with environmental organisations which A: You’re right. We could make it fun, and I agree that
protect endangered species. The most important quality local people would like to help. But what about a
all of these jobs require is a love of animals. It is also photo exhibit about endangered animals? It might
important to be knowledgeable. A veterinarian, for encourage students to adopt animals. That would be
example, must study for many years, because there is a another way for students to help.
lot you must know if you want to practice animal B: I think it would be popular, but it’s difficult for
medicine. I imagine that working with animals is fun and students to adopt animals on their own. It’s more
rewarding, but it can probably be very challenging, too. In important to educate the students on animal welfare.
addition to having knowledge and experience, you need A: Well, then, how about a talk by an expert on how to
to be very responsible, because animals need to be fed care for pets responsibly?
and cared for just as humans do. And there are also B: No, because not all of the students have pets, and
dangers involved in working with some animals, so you many of them already know how to care for their
must be cautious and aware at all times. Personally, pets. In my opinion, the best choice is the fundraiser. It
although I like some animals, I would not like to work would be fun for most of the students and would help
with them because I have other interests in my life right animals in our community.
now, and a permanent job with animals would be too A: Yes, that is the best idea. It would also raise awareness
much of a commitment. about animal welfare. OK, let’s choose the fundraiser.

Extra Questions (Suggested Answers) Reading & Vocabulary (pp. 50-51)

• It’s not wrong to keep animals in zoos, as long as 1 a) 1 D 3 F 5 C
they are cared for properly. Some zoos work to 2 A 4 B 6 G
protect endangered animals, or animals that
wouldn’t be able to survive on their own.

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Workbook Key

2 1 track 5 climate 9 prices 5 1 remote 5 blue 9 life

2 trees 6 polar 10 areas 2 health 6 volunteer 10 rare
3 golden 7 life 3 thatched 7 post
4 level 8 high 4 crack 8 doctors

(Suggested Answers) (Suggested Answers)

1 Tuvalu is off the beaten track. 1 They live in a remote village in the rainforest far
2 There are beautiful palm trees on the islands. away from civilisation.
3 Everyone enjoys relaxing on the golden 2 There are hundreds of doctors and nurses that
beaches. have volunteered for the health project in
4 The sea level has been rising each year. Asia.
5 The climate change is causing serious 3 He lives in a thatched hut with no running
problems for the islands. water.
6 As the polar ice caps continue to melt, more 4 We had to wake up at the crack of dawn so
of the island is being washed away. we could have time to get ready for our flight.
7 Floods continue to threaten the natives’ way of 5 He showed up out of the blue to volunteer his
life. time.
8 High tides bring the water all the way to 6 I am going away on a volunteer project to aid
people’s doorsteps. the survivors of the earthquake.
9 Flooded areas cause house prices to drop. 7 My cousin has just accepted a teaching post in
10 The sea floods the low-lying areas first. a very needy area of Africa.
8 Many remote areas need eye doctors to help
3 1 D 3 D 5 D 7 D 9 B treat and inform villagers.
2 A 4 A 6 A 8 C 10 C 9 There are some people who like living a simple
life in the countryside
4 1 ashore 5 grazing 9 unusable 10 On rare occasions volunteers in remote areas
2 remote 6 nation 10 cutting decide to stay there and live.
3 calculations 7 intended
4 effect 8 based on Use of English (pp. 54-55)
1 1 A 3 B 5 C 7 B
5 a) 1 coast 3 soil
2 D 4 A 6 C
2 land 4 coastline
2 1 me a hand moving
b) 1 habit 3 custom
2 too worried to
2 tradition
3 on purpose, or was
4 object if I closed/object to my/me closing
Reading & Vocabulary (pp. 52-53)
5 put up with
1 a) 1 D 3 B 5 E 7 H 6 take advantage of
2 A 4 G 6 F 7 despite the band(’s) starting
8 pay (careful) attention to
2 1 applied for 5 repairing
2 respect 6 looking forward to 3 1 stared 5 have saved
3 prevent 7 attend 2 had been looking 6 wouldn’t/won’t
4 settling down 8 put me up 3 spending have
4 Didn’t you say 7 will we get
3 1 A 3 B 5 C 7 B
2 D 4 D 6 A 8 D 4 1 dangerous 4 ensure
2 decision 5 users
4 1 irrigation 4 retirement 7 treatment 3 impatient 6 responsibility
2 reward 5 lifetime 8 blindness
3 species 6 time-wasting

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Writing skills – Argumentative (pp. 56-57) caravan is far less costly than hotel
accommodation, and so, you can enjoy a
1 • beginnings: 2, 3, 4
reasonable holiday for a fraction of the price
• endings: 1, 5, 6
you would otherwise pay.
Secondly, camping holidays allow you to be
• advantages & disadvantages: 1, 4, 6
close to nature and enable you to appreciate
• opinion: 2, 3, 6
things that you may not have the chance to
• solution: 2, 5
try if you are confined in a hotel such as the
outdoors, fresh air and rustic living.
• start with an objective statement: 2, 3 Finally, campsites often have entertainment
• make reference to a strange scene/situation: 4 or activities available where campers have
• address the reader directly: 4 the opportunity to engage in numerous
• include a quotation/a rhetorical question: 3 activities such as hiking, fishing, bird-watching,
• state a problem that needs a solution: 2, 3 or for the less energetic, simply relaxing.
• give your opinion on the topic: 1, 6
• give the reader something to consider: 5 2 However there are some disadvantages
• include a quotation or rhetorical question: 5, 6 to not having a TV at all. The main one is
not being kept informed of events happening
2 a) A 2 B 4 C 1 D 3 around the world. Something very important
may occur, perhaps even affecting you or
b) For Against someone you know in some way, and you
would not hear about it till much later.
improved health, public transport may Furthermore, on a social level, not being able
towns & cities would become unpleasant;
to discuss last night’s episode of a popular
become more travel would be limited
soap or series may be seen as a disadvantage
pleasant; dramatic by timetables and
by some. Moreover, not being able to
reduction in traffic routes
accidents contribute in such a conversation could lead
to feelings of exclusion.
Lastly, not all TV programmes are a waste of
3 A Firstly ➝ To begin with, First of all time. There are plenty of quality
Secondly ➝ Additionally,Also, Moreover documentaries and other shows broadcast
Finally ➝ Additionally,Also, Moreover on TV that inform, educate and entertain.
Not being able to watch these programmes
B All in all ➝ In conclusion means that a valuable source of information
and entertainment is wasted.
D On the other hand ➝ However
In the first place ➝ To begin with, First of all 5 a) Viewpoints Reasons
For example ➝ For instance
In addition ➝ Additionally,Also, Moreover – close friend may – move house or
not always be there change school
4 a) A There would certainly be plenty of advantages of – family accepts you – put up with your
totally replacing cars with public transport. ➝ as you are bad moods
There are definitely a number of advantages – close friend – enjoy each other’s
to substituting public transport for cars. provides what we company
need
D On the other hand, totally replacing car travel with
public transport is not without its disadvantages. ➝ b) To begin with, no matter how good a friend
However, there are some drawbacks to the someone is, there will be times they will not be
sole use of public transport instead of cars. available for you.
In addition, you can almost always count on your
b) (Suggested Answers)
family to be there for you.
1 On the one hand there are several
advantages of camping holidays. For Nevertheless, sometimes there is no substitute
example, costs are kept down since renting for a close friend.
space to pitch your tent or park your
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Workbook Key

6 Beginning Another way would be for school librarians to

• starts with an objective statement assist students in finding materials they need for
• expresses personal opinion school-related projects.They can show students
that there are many resources on hand in a
Ending library which are not available online, or which
• repeats personal opinion are only available by payment. In this way,
• includes a popular saying/quote students will come to understand a school
library is still a useful place to quickly find
Suitable alternatives valuable information for free.
to begin essay: offering a general thought All in all, there are several ways in which
Suggested answer: Can you imagine what it students can be encouraged to make better use
would be like to suddenly have no friends to spend of their school libraries. While the Internet will
time with or confide in? continue to be an important part of students’
lives, it is not necessary for them to miss out on
to end essay: quotation a wealth of resources available at their schools.
Suggested answer: After all, where would we be
without family? 2 It is clear that more and more young people are
not being prepared well enough for their adult
7 a) lives. Although they spend many years in school,
Suggestions Results
they very often graduate feeling unprepared for
– handle stress (do – cope better with their jobs, or undecided about what they want
sth relaxing each pressures to do. What can be done to help young people
day) – stronger bodies will to be better prepared for the future?
– stay healthy (get fight off negative To start with, schools could help students to
enough sleep, effects of stress begin thinking about their careers from an
exercise and eat earlier age. For example, schools could organise
regular, nutritious career fairs that would introduce young people
meals) to a variety of possible jobs for the future. In this
way, when it comes time for students to make
important decisions about their lives , they will
be better informed and will have spent more
b) phrases to underline: One effective way, time thinking about what they might like to do in
They could, such as, Another important way, the future.
Teens should, In addition to this, parents should offer support
phrases to circle: By doing this, In this way to children who would like to try out new skills
and activities. If young people are encouraged
8 (Suggested Answer) from a young age to try different hobbies and
1 Nowadays, technology has made it possible for jobs, there is a better chance that they will
students to do research for school projects develop a wider range of skills and interests. By
without even leaving their homes. It has even doing this, they will find themselves better
been said that because the Internet is such a prepared later in life to cope with a wider range
valuable resource, students no longer need to of situations.
visit libraries. But school libraries continue to be All things considered, there are many ways to
valuable for research and study in a variety of help young people to prepare for their lives. It is
ways, and students are missing out if they do not important to remember that, with the wide
make use of them. What can a school do to range of options available, young people must be
encourage students to make better use of the made aware of the possibilities and be
school library? encouraged to try as many of them as possible.
One way would be for schools to help students
organise study groups. If students are Vocabulary & Grammar Practice IV (pp. 58-59)
encouraged to meet and study together, they 1 1 C 5 C 9 B 13 B 17 C
will see that their school library is an excellent 2 A 6 B 10 C 14 D 18 C
environment in which to study and have fun at 3 B 7 C 11 D 15 A 19 B
the same time. 4 D 8 A 12 C 16 B 20 B

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Workbook Key

2 1 A 5 C 9 D 13 A 17 B that young children learn they learn from their parents,

2 B 6 D 10 B 14 A 18 B so parents must set a good example for their children.
3 C 7 A 11 D 15 D 19 D But as children grow, their needs change. They become
4 B 8 D 12 C 16 A 20 D more independent, and it’s important for parents to
understand this, and to give their children room to grow.
Module 5 – Spoilt for choice One good way parents can support their children is to
encourage them to take up new activities, such as playing
Reading & Vocabulary (pp. 60-61) a sport or learning a musical instrument. Sometimes
1 a) 1 D 3 B 5 B 7 D young children need special support, such as when there
2 A 4 A 6 C is a tragedy in the family, or when a child or parent is ill.
In these cases, it is especially important for family
2 1 crawl 5 spotted 9 serves members to be there for the child.When I was young, my
2 hobbled 6 meant 10 landed father was an excellent role model for me. He is a very
3 chase away 7 examined hard-working person, and also very honest and patient,
4 stowed 8 struck and I hope that some of his qualities have passed on to
me. He was always there for his children, and even when
3 1 opportunity 5 wrong he was too busy to spend much time with us, we always
2 congratulated 6 refreshed knew that we had his support and encouragement.
3 spot 7 uneven
4 set up 8 seasoned Extra Questions (Suggested Answers)
• Nowadays, there are many working mothers, and I
4 1 glorious 4 tinned 7 false think that for this reason many children don’t spend
2 frightening 5 nature 8 light enough time with their mothers. Another problem
3 will 6 bad is that children are becoming less interested in
family activities.
(Suggested Answers) • If children don’t get enough support from their
1 On this glorious morning the birds are parents it can lead to psychological or emotional
singing and the sun is shining. problems later in life. Some people are always
2 I am stranded but try not to have any looking for attention, even as adults, and maybe
frightening thoughts. those people didn’t have good family relations
3 My will power won’t allow me to give up. when they were young.
4 I pack some tinned food and water for my • To work with children you must be very patient,
camping trip. above all. It’s important to treat them kindly and
5 I spend so much time in the forest that people respectfully. If you work with children professionally
call me a nature lover. – as a teacher, for example - you must be well-
6 I catch a bad break and rain leaks into my tent. trained and knowledgeable in your field.
7 If I take one false step I will slide down the • Yes, I spend a lot of time with my family. We take
mountain. holidays together every year, we usually eat
8 A light rain makes the trail slippery. together in the evening. We spend time together
because we enjoy it.
Listening (pp. 62-63)
1 1 F 3 A 5 C Task 2 (Suggested Answer)
2 G 4 D 6 B A: I think the best option for Career Day would be to
organise a workshop on choosing a career. It would
2 1 B 3 B 5 A 7 C be easy to organise at the school. It would also be
2 A 4 C 6 B very helpful to the students.
B: I agree, but the students are still too young to choose
3 1 A 3 A 5 A 7 B a career. It would be better to do something to make
2 B 4 B 6 C them aware about their options for the future.What
do you think about having a job exhibit with
Speaking (p. 63) representatives from different professions? That way,
students could learn about different career
Task 1 (Suggested Answer) possibilities without feeling any pressure to choose
Young children need many things. I think the most one.
important of all is a supportive, caring family. Everything
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Workbook Key

A: I agree that it would be helpful, but the students 6 Rising sea levels have put several coastal sites
probably won’t be very interested in talking for long at risk of flooding.
with the representatives. It would also be difficult 7 The destruction of the Amazon rainforest is
getting so many representatives to come on the same expected to cause an ecological catastrophe.
day. I like the idea of having interview training sessions 8 Many people dream of taking a holiday on a
in small groups.That way the students could talk with tropical island.
each other. They would have more fun than they
would at an exhibit, but they would still be learning Reading & Vocabulary (pp. 66-67)
something useful.
1 a) 1 F 3 D 5 A 7 B
B: I agree.The only problem is that students won’t need
2 C 4 G 6 H
job interview skills for a few more years. It would be
better to give them some information they can use
2 1 converted 5 recycle 9 reuses
now. If we have a video presentation of local job
2 consume 6 reduce 10 recommend
opportunities, some students would be encouraged
3 refused 7 rejects
to get a part-time job.
4 get rid 8 emails
A: Yes, but it would be better to inform students about
their options for the future. I still think that a career
3 1 B 3 C 5 A 7 C
workshop is the best option. We could find ways of
2 D 4 B 6 B 8 D
making it interesting for everyone.We could organise
activities, for example.
4 1 downshift 3 financial 5 converted
B: Yes, I think you’re right. The career workshop is the
2 exchanges 4 item 6 profits
best option.
5 1 landfill 4 energy 7 hard
Reading & Vocabulary (pp. 64-65)
2 rise 5 garden 8 relaxing
1 a) 1 E 3 B 5 A 3 false 6 constant
2 G 4 C 6 F
(Suggested Answers)
2 1 occurred 6 brought about 1 In my town we try to recycle instead of using
2 befell 7 baffled landfill sites.
3 were required 8 died down 2 She asked her boss for a pay rise.
4 draw 9 disputed 3 Susan rejects what she believes is a false
5 introduced 10 suggest economy, and has begun growing and selling
her own fruits and vegetables.
3 1 C 3 A 5 A 7 C 4 Too much energy consumption can lead to
2 B 4 D 6 A 8 A environmental problems.
5 We all sat outside on the garden furniture.
4 1 dotted 4 flaws 7 dramatic 6 My job is stressful, with constant deadlines.
2 symbol 5 inhabitants 8 wrecked 7 A boss must make many hard decisions.
3 evidence 6 timber 8 Gardening is a relaxing hobby.

5 1 sheer 4 widely 7 ecological Use of English (pp. 68-69)

2 human 5 modern 8 tropical
3 huge 6 coastal 1 1 D 3 A 5 B 7 B
2 B 4 A 6 B
(Suggested Answers)
2 1 I’d rather not play
1 It is from sheer ignorance that many people
2 should have her kitchen
waste natural resources.
3 had no intention of insulting
2 Slowly, the forest recovered after the fires
4 to (my/me) opening
without any human intervention.
5 have my hair cut by
3 Four huge statues of Rameses II sit at the
6 made me do
entrance of the Great Temple at Abu Simbel.
7 aren’t allowed to leave
4 It is now widely accepted that Troy really did
8 managed to finish
exist.
5 Life in the modern world is more difficult than
many had hoped.
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Workbook Key

3 1 was helping 4 will chat 2 addressing the reader directly, asking a rhetorical
2 had studied/ 5 don’t you take question
had been studying 6 smiling 3 addressing the reader directly using a quotation
3 to do 7 Are
A addressing the reader directly, asking a rhetorical
4 1 luxurious 3 publicity 5 legendary question
2 Originally 4 unexpected 6 generations B using a quotation, asking a rhetorical question
C asking a rhetorical question, using a quotation
Writing reviews/articles (pp. 70-71)
6 1 narrative techniques
1 a) A 3 B 1 C 4 D 2
2 descriptive techniques
b) plot: weak, highly entertaining
7 a) 1 to describe something
performances: energetic
2 to give advice
film: fast-paced, must-see
3 to narrate an experience
2 1 The script was completely imaginative and new.
b) (Suggested Answer)
2 The script was well-written.
3 The plot was completely original. Book review
4 The actor portrayed a good character. Reading The Wind in the Willows as a child, I was
5 The gameplay was clear and structured. thrilled by the adventures of Mole and Rat, and
6 The plot of the book was strong and very shocked by the pride and arrogance of Toad.And
suspenseful. sometimes, such as when poor Mole was lost in
the Wild Wood, I was so frightened that I could
hardly bear to read on.
3 positive review: 3, 4, 5
negative review: 1, 2, 6 The Wind in the Willows was published by Kenneth
Grahame in 1908, but it began as stories that the
4 (Suggested Answer) author had told to his son.The characters in the
My favourite book is Zorba the Greek, although story are talking animals who live near a river.
many people will be more familiar with the film The animal characters display a variety of good
starring Anthony Quinn. It is a story about two very and bad traits, but throughout the story remind
different men.The first is a writer, who spends much us of people we might actually know. In this way,
of his time reading and writing and thinking. The the story is as much about people as it is about
second is Zorba, a character so full of energy that animals. Perhaps this is why the story has
you cannot help but warm to him. His philosophy is remained popular for more than a hundred
that life is precious and should be lived, not thought years. The story begins with Mole leaving his
about and thrown away. Over the course of the home to discover the world outside. He makes
story, Zorba tries to convince his friend to change his his way to the river, where he meets Ratty. A
ways. But what I like most about the book is that it series of adventures begins, and many other
feels as though Zorba is speaking directly to you, the fascinating characters are introduced.
reader, and you can’t help but be changed by him too.
Ultimately, I loved the book because it reminded
My favourite music CD is from the soundtrack of me of my childhood and of summer days spent
the Italian film Il Postino (The Postman). It is in the English countryside. Coming to it again as
composed by Luis Enrique Bacalov and won an an adult, I now see that it is simply a tale about
Academy Award for Best Original Dramatic Score. friendship, and more importantly, about being a
The first half of the CD is paired with the poetry of good friend.
Pablo Neruda. The poems are read by people you
probably know, such as Sting, Samuel L. Jackson, Favourite sport
Madonna, Andy Garcia and Julia Roberts, to name a There is something magical about cycling that I
few. I recommend this CD to anyone who enjoys find hard to describe. I used to be heavily into
magical melodies and inspiring literature. running, but as soon as I got my first racing bike I
was hooked. Like running, it’s an endurance
5 1 B 2 A 3 C sport, and there are races all year round. But
cycling comes with something extra: freedom.
1 offering a general thought On a good day, you can cover 150-200 km.

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Workbook Key

When you travel that far from home, who There is no doubt that the Ritz in Paris is a
knows where you might end up? fabulous way to celebrate a special occasion and
you will have an exquisite and memorable meal,
If you are a beginner cyclist, you should consider
but when you are lost, cold and haven’t eaten for
your goals: are you interested mainly in exercise,
over a day, nothing beats a slightly warm bowl of
or in recreation? Bicycling is a wonderful way to
porridge.
stay in shape, but it is also a relaxing pastime.
Another piece of advice I would give to a
Vocabulary & Grammar Practice V (pp. 72-73)
beginner is to invest in good equipment from the
start. It is not necessary to buy a very expensive 1 1 D 5 D 9 D 13 C 17 C
bicycle, but the cheaper ones can be unsafe. A 2 B 6 A 10 C 14 B 18 B
strong helmet is also very important. Bicycling 3 C 7 C 11 A 15 D 19 B
injuries are common, but the risk involved can be 4 D 8 C 12 D 16 A 20 D
greatly reduced if the rider wears a helmet.
2 1 C 5 A 9 A 13 A 17 C
So, yes, it’s important to have a good bicycle. But
2 B 6 D 10 A 14 D 18 C
what’s vital is that you have a love for the sport.
3 D 7 B 11 B 15 A 19 A
Every year I can’t wait for the Tour de France to
4 B 8 C 12 D 16 B 20 B
start. I sit down in front of the television, but I
don’t think that I have ever watched an entire
stage. Long before the riders have reached the
finish line, I have jumped on my bike and headed
for the open road.

Best meal
Over the years, I have eaten in wonderful
restaurants all round the world: London, Paris,
New York, Rome. But by far the best meal I have
ever had was at the top of a mountain in Chile.
While I was a student, my best friend and I
backpacked across Chile and Argentina. We
walked and travelled by bus, stopping in remote
villages. Nearly everywhere we went, we were
impressed by the hospitality and friendliness of
the locals, and while the food was usually far
from luxurious, it was always wholesome and
tasty. One winter morning, we started walking
from one mountain village to another. It began
to snow, however, and within an hour we were
lost.
Luckily, we found a small village the next
morning. Since there was no restaurant in the
village, we asked a local man if there was
somewhere we could eat. He signalled to us to
come inside his home and sit down. He brought
out two large bowls of porridge and a pitcher of
water. The porridge was simple, but wonderful.
Because I had not eaten for so long, I felt at that
moment as if I had never before tasted anything
so delicious.

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Workbook Key

Further Practice Section 54 had a discussion on/about

55 put up with his/him
Key Word Transformations (pp. 74-83) 56 didn’t let us stay up
A 1 must not be used 57 in case it’s cold
2 is not old enough to 58 been ages since Gloria was
3 would like to 59 had better not stay up
4 is no chance of 60 was too difficult for
5 is not far from 61 do not belong to me
6 is not hot enough 62 more fluently than anyone
7 not many tickets left for 63 found (that) he couldn’t control
8 you would only 64 was not deep enough
9 I would rather not buy 65 in order not to
10 will take place 66 succeeded in finding
11 feel like going 67 were prevented from reaching
12 wish I could come 68 advised Ann to call
13 is said to be 69 put me through to
14 been in touch with them 70 (just) in time to catch
15 a small amount of 71 no point in me/my taking
16 spent four years learning 72 is impossible for me to
17 to have a waiter’s job 73 Ann hadn’t helped
18 prefer not to travel 74 has had no success
19 wish I hadn’t upset 75 does not let visitors use
20 am responsible for providing 76 if I (had) invited Nancy
21 anyone interested in helping 77 was put off because
22 said to have been built 78 to lend him/if she would lend him
23 would not have been delayed 79 guest had fun
24 is not far from 80 will no doubt become/will without a doubt become
25 only one who did not 81 was too slow to win
26 accused Sue of having destroyed 82 would rather listen to/hear jazz
27 the last time you went 83 too excited to
28 was the only person who 84 apart from John, was
29 too busy to attend 85 took to her teacher as
30 one of the fastest 86 expected to pass
31 even though she behaves 87 hasn’t changed since
32 is hardly anything 88 in the habit of cutting
33 to find a solution to 89 was not as expensive
34 to have the roof repaired 90 got on well
35 have not visited Beth for 91 short on funds (money),
36 will only be accepted if 92 had no intention of insulting
37 good if you got 93 made me go out
38 subject I liked best/most 94 behind bars doesn’t always
39 was the first time 95 in case it starts/is
40 did nothing but talk 96 put out a book
41 would like to know 97 will take place
42 there are 98 is too expensive for
43 pays attention to 99 hardly spends any
44 had run out of 100 take advantage of
45 no doubt he will win 101 the only one who had
46 suggested (that) we go 102 I would not have shouted
47 was Harry’s first visit 103 has had no luck
48 is unlikely that it will 104 to have a job
49 mistook me for 105 is too old to
50 being unable to play 106 were completely surprised by
51 if we hadn’t called 107 it is rare to see
52 have been married since 108 apologised for being/having been
53 good at drawing 109 had run out of
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Workbook Key

110 will be given out 166 ended the concert with

111 should not have trusted 167 has been a/one month since / was a/one month
112 one of the best laptops ago that
113 is too busy to go 168 following his appearance
114 were hardly any guests (left) 169 how much it cost(s)
115 is making little effort to 170 did not have to do
116 has been a sharp rise 171 dressed in such
117 caught the virus apart from 172 number of visitors
118 being pulled down 173 succeeded in finishing
119 being spoken to rudely 174 cut down on the number
120 despite the fact that he 175 still waiting for
121 there was no point in 176 the second time I
122 type any faster than 177 was anything else
123 didn’t deserve to be 178 take a look at
124 last time Emily ate 179 wish I had gone
125 is included in 180 have been married for
126 did not appear to have 181 refused to let her pay
127 want anyone else to come 182 only student who didn’t
128 were cancelled due to 183 how rude Donald was
129 in case your car is 184 is used to looking after
130 too expensive for Jane to 185 took place even though
131 is unusual for Jack to 186 have been many changes in
132 as long as he was 187 we would not have celebrated
133 was better than 188 is not far from the
134 gets on (well) with / gets along with 189 been good at dealing
135 doesn’t feel like eating 190 why she hadn’t seen
136 be a better job than 191 accused Daniel of copying/having copied
137 twice as long 192 which is why he never
138 no point in trying 193 in total agreement with
139 is the same size as 194 has been reduced by
140 not like her to be 195 it will be impossible for
141 had a discussion about what 196 to have his portrait painted
142 can’t still be 197 has not travelled abroad
143 are responsible for keeping 198 if she had not helped
144 in case it is 199 was the first time that
145 are not allowed/permitted to take 200 himself to be
146 does this shoe belong to 201 did nothing but
147 is a faster runner 202 would like to learn
148 is expected to get 203 if I had seen
149 is not easy for Sophie 204 was called off
150 is worth trying 205 pays (any) attention to
151 is supposed to be 206 if she would lend him
152 is unlikely that there will 207 despite (his) not being
153 possible for us to go 208 very efficient about recycling
154 made a note of his 209 took my scarf, didn’t
155 have not seen Lucy for 210 never seen such a big / never seen so big a
156 only a few 211 both Mike and John are
157 one piece is / one of the pieces is 212 rather you shut
158 can’t tell the difference 213 in spite of (his) being
159 has a tendency to be 214 made a good impression on
160 gave a detailed description 215 apologised for not calling
161 no doubt (that) he will 216 advised him to see a
162 in order to 217 suggested going to a restaurant
163 until she had painted 218 can run as fast as / runs as fast as
164 was having my hair done 219 We had gone to see
165 did not succeed in convincing 220 is said to have developed
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Workbook Key

221 I were you, I would 276 there was none/nothing left

222 apologised for having to 277 like the idea of going
223 high time you had 278 is expected to come
224 taking care of 279 even though they have/had
225 has given up playing 280 have made a better
226 have not changed since 281 the intention of never coming
227 provided it’s not 282 had as much luck as
228 had no intention of forgetting 283 always been good at
229 he was sorry for having/he was sorry to (have) 284 was bleached using
230 will not be present at 285 could lend him
231 unless he ran he would
232 know the cost Multiple Choice (pp. 84-89)
233 (that) Tom could be
B 1 B 34 B 67 D 100 D 133 D
234 so that he can buy
2 C 35 A 68 C 101 B 134 D
235 reputation does the school have/has the school
3 A 36 B 69 A 102 A 135 A
got
4 D 37 C 70 C 103 D 136 C
236 until he had finished all
5 D 38 D 71 D 104 A 137 A
237 are not allowed to use
6 C 39 A 72 C 105 B 138 A
238 has no intention of changing
7 C 40 C 73 C 106 A 139 A
239 should take advantage of
8 D 41 C 74 A 107 D 140 C
240 the length of this pool
9 A 42 B 75 A 108 B 141 B
241 match instead of the
10 D 43 A 76 C 109 C 142 A
242 cancelled as a result of
11 D 44 D 77 C 110 D 143 D
243 admitted to having broken
12 A 45 B 78 B 111 C 144 A
244 have the ability to
13 D 46 A 79 A 112 C 145 C
245 I were you I would
14 D 47 B 80 B 113 A 146 D
246 costs nothing to travel
15 B 48 C 81 D 114 D 147 B
247 losing her temper
16 A 49 A 82 A 115 C 148 C
248 not used to meeting
17 C 50 C 83 C 116 A 149 B
249 accused him of taking
18 D 51 B 84 C 117 B 150 D
250 turned out/up for
19 A 52 D 85 B 118 A 151 A
251 had her wedding pictures taken
20 C 53 C 86 B 119 D 152 A
252 spends hardly any / hardly spends any
21 B 54 D 87 D 120 A 153 D
253 give a full description of
22 C 55 B 88 C 121 B 154 D
254 had her bag stolen
23 B 56 B 89 B 122 B 155 D
255 was called off because
24 D 57 C 90 B 123 B 156 D
256 so that he would not
25 C 58 B 91 A 124 C 157 D
257 had no idea that
26 A 59 A 92 C 125 A 158 B
258 he would rather not drive
27 C 60 D 93 D 126 C 159 D
259 to get in touch with
28 A 61 D 94 D 127 C 160 A
260 is no difference between
29 D 62 D 95 B 128 C 161 C
261 had our house broken into
30 B 63 A 96 A 129 A 162 C
262 was/is no milk left
31 B 64 D 97 C 130 C 163 C
263 are for sale
32 B 65 B 98 C 131 D 164 B
264 said to be more than
33 B 66 B 99 C 132 A 165 A
265 good at playing
266 possible for us to go
267 no comparison between/of
268 take care of
269 is said to be
270 were prevented from leaving
271 have been investigated by
272 give me a hand
273 blamed Ellie for losing/having lost
274 there is nothing wrong with
275 wishes (that) he had caught
125
Workbook Key

Open Cloze Sentences (pp. 90-92) 108 about

C 1 was 55 except 109 nothing
2 have 56 though 110 to
3 be 57 between 111 at
4 than 58 takes 112 between
5 are 59 which 113 in
6 much 60 long 114 which
7 by 61 of 115 asleep
8 beginning 62 in 116 few
9 to 63 far/many 117 This
10 not 64 up 118 needs
11 at 65 before 119 nor
12 apart 66 in 120 on
13 able 67 a 121 since
14 have 68 on 122 fact
15 on 69 of 123 as
16 to 70 its 124 least
17 one 71 to 125 of
18 long 72 of 126 to
19 a 73 Apart 127 before
20 on 74 so 128 the
21 of 75 though 129 great
22 take 76 while 130 short
23 many 77 it 131 takes
24 ago 78 without 132 one
25 whose 79 While 133 than
26 for 80 between 134 let
27 one 81 as 135 to
28 up 82 By 136 no
29 all 83 how 137 least
30 if 84 at 138 in
31 how 85 with 139 far
32 like 86 to 140 of
33 On 87 become 141 takes
34 take 88 spent 142 per
35 most 89 a 143 although
36 rest 90 of
37 to 91 as
38 make 92 among
39 than 93 reason
40 any/every 94 sight
41 so 95 about
42 enough 96 out
43 takes 97 from
44 in 98 what
45 until 99 out
46 where 100 tried
47 for 101 all
48 by 102 another
49 at 103 by
50 in 104 so
51 from 105 On
52 way 106 got
53 with 107 used
54 than 108 about
126
Workbook Key

Word Formation (pp. 93-97) 109 variety 164 specialises

110 illness 165 colourful
D 1 effective 55 action
111 inexpensive 166 characteristics
2 carefully 56 unclear
112 reservation 167 choice
3 organisations 57 relationship
113 attractions 168 arrangement
4 majority 58 countless
114 increasingly 169 sale(s)
5 cultural 59 puzzling
115 carefully 170 lover
6 knowledge 60 harmful
116 particularly 171 childhood
7 teenagers 61 agreement
117 factual 172 effective
8 correspondence 62 choice
118 economical 173 importance
9 obligation 63 designer
119 dangerous 174 growth
10 entertainment 64 qualification
120 straightened 175 third
11 broaden 65 valuable
121 traditional 176 requirements
12 closing 66 delivery
122 behaviour 177 strength
13 unemployment 67 freedom
123 frequently 178 additional
14 construction 68 decorations
124 natural 179 energetic
15 shortly 69 especially
125 luxurious 180 unexpected
16 announcement 70 customers
126 preparation
17 advertising 71 arrangements
127 successfully
18 qualified 72 unexpected
128 happily
19 intention 73 meeting
129 costly
20 recently 74 variety
130 extremely
21 enthusiastic 75 director
131 severely
22 wealthy 76 inhabitants
132 adventurous
23 latest 77 growth
133 sights
24 solution 78 loss
134 profitable
25 growing 79 inability
135 suspected
26 encouragement 80 advisable
136 punishment
27 normally 81 preparations
137 stressful
28 appearance 82 nervous
138 residents
29 uncomfortable 83 easily
139 exceptional
30 hopelessly 84 useful
140 resistant
31 importance 85 generally
141 valuable
32 extremely 86 additional
142 variety
33 lonely 87 better
143 responsibility
34 ambitiously 88 tendency
144 selfish
35 journalist 89 information
145 enjoyable
36 decision 90 helpless
146 Invitations
37 highly 91 existence
147 spectacular
38 incredibly 92 development
148 illegal
39 amusement 93 Amazingly
149 inventions
40 Luckily 94 relatively
150 improvements
41 happily 95 distance
151 (un)comfortable
42 ability 96 observation
152 cyclists
43 concerned 97 truth
153 seventeenth
44 disgusting 98 measurements
154 popularity
45 approval 99 unbelievably
155 unlike
46 thought 100 reference
156 appearance
47 European 101 enormously
157 completely
48 unsuitable 102 uncertain
158 production
49 singers 103 discovery
159 exciting
50 selfishly 104 unexplored
160 challenging
51 performance 105 investigation
161 basically
52 judgement 106 differences
162 central
53 healthy 107 daily
163 neighbourhood
54 confusion 108 Friendship
127
Workbook Key

Prepositions (pp. 98-99) Phrasal Verbs (pp. 100-101)

E 1 to 55 in F 1 for 54 back on
2 on 56 on 2 for 55 behind in
3 at 57 in 3 in 56 for
4 to 58 on 4 off 57 for
5 in 59 by 5 up 58 out with
6 to 60 under 6 after 59 apart
7 to 61 out 7 against 60 along
8 of 62 off 8 away 61 away
9 on 63 to 9 down with 62 back
10 in 64 on 10 up 63 back at
11 on 65 to 11 up 64 by on
12 of 66 among 12 down 65 back to
13 to 67 to 13 down 66 in
14 to 68 to 14 in 67 off
15 to 69 to 15 into 68 over
16 to 70 in 16 off 69 away
17 in 71 of 17 out 70 in
18 in 72 for 18 up 71 out
19 of 73 to 19 of 72 to
20 in 74 against 20 down 73 off
21 into 75 on 21 out 74 up
22 in 76 to 22 to 75 after
23 of 77 to 23 over 76 by
24 at 78 against 24 up 77 down with
25 of 79 for 25 for 78 after
26 to 80 to 26 for 79 over
27 on 81 of 27 off 80 over to
28 in 82 in 28 on 81 without
29 in 83 on 29 off 82 just
30 against 84 in 30 out 83 away
31 in 85 for 31 out 84 off
32 in 86 by 32 with 85 down
33 to 87 between 33 round 86 up with
34 in 88 as 34 back 87 off
35 to 89 of 35 to 88 down
36 to 90 as 36 by 89 through
37 to 91 in 37 down with 90 on
38 in 92 on 38 into 91 through
39 to 93 to 39 out 92 up to
40 on 94 in 40 to 93 to
41 in 95 as 41 up 94 back on
42 for 96 at 42 against 95 down on
43 of 97 by 43 up with 96 for
44 to 98 for 44 on 97 forward to
45 to 99 in 45 down 98 into
46 into 100 under 46 down on 99 out
47 of
47 off 100 over
48 of
48 off from 101 at
49 at
49 up 102 up
50 on
50 away with 103 up to
51 against
51 with 104 out
52 at
52 without
53 at/for
53 down
54 for

128
Workbook Tapescripts
MODULE 1 Speaker 5
There’s nothing I like better than going for a long
Exercise 1 (p. 6)
leisurely Sunday drive. I never put much thought into
Speaker 1 where I’m going to go, though. I just get in my car and off
I’ve been driving for over ten years now and I consider I go. It’s like an adventure of sorts.Well, my mate,Angus,
myself a good driver. I’ll never forget the advice my is one of those people that has to have everything
driving instructor gave me way back then. She told me mapped out before doing anything. It drives him mad
that driving was like life in that you always had to plan that I never have a set route for my Sunday excursions.
what you were going to do next, one step ahead of time. He has told me time and time again that one day I would
And I agree. She also emphasised that when behind the regret not being more organised. I hate to say it, but he
wheel, you had to keep a level head, no matter what. But was right. Last Sunday I got caught up in road works and
you know, some drivers out there are just so rude.This spent the next six hours trying to get back home.
man cut in front of me and even smiled at me as he
went by. Well, I’m ashamed to say it, but I gave him a Speaker 6
good long blast of my horn. I couldn’t help it, I was so I’ve always had a good sense of direction and I learnt
angry. how to read maps at quite an early age, so I never
dreamed that it could be a problem for anyone to get
Speaker 2 from A to B. If I was going on a long journey alone to a
Ever since I got my driver’s licence three years ago, I place I have never been to before, I simply noted down
have wanted a vehicle of my own. I’m not saying it hasn’t the main stages of the journey and set off – no problem.
been generous of my parents to let me have their car Then, when I got married, my wife and I decided to
whenever I needed it, but I’m fairly independent and I spend our honeymoon touring around France in our
really wanted a car of my own. My dad suggested I got a little sports car. She didn’t have a driving licence at the
used car as it would be cheaper and the insurance time so I suggested she do the navigating. She kept
wouldn’t cost so much and I agreed. Actually, he and I pretty quiet about the idea and it was only when we got
went to the used car dealer together. I must admit I am off the ferry in France and I asked her for directions out
rather impulsive, often doing things before thinking of town that I realised that she had no idea of how to
them through. Well, I fell in love with the first car I saw read a map. She was holding it upside down.
and I wanted it no matter what. Big mistake. So far, I’ve
spent over £2,000 on repairs.That’s almost twice what I Exercise 2 (p. 6)
paid for the thing in the first place!
I don’t really know what gave me the idea, but from an
Speaker 3 early age I was determined to be a lighthouse keeper.
Let’s just say I’m the kind of person that tends to put off You know, a lot of boys my age used to say that they
doing things. I always get things done, but usually in my wanted to be engine drivers, but that never crossed my
own time. Slowly but surely, I’m beginning to realise that mind. I suppose that I must have seen some photographs
this characteristic of mine has to change.Take the other of lighthouses somewhere, or perhaps my parents took
day for example. I was driving in the city centre when me to visit one, I just can’t remember.
suddenly I got a puncture. Well, as the car rolled to a Of course, like a lot of children’s dreams, mine gradually
stop, all I could think of was my husband asking me if I faded and my life followed a more conventional pattern.
had had the spare tyre repaired. I remember telling him It was only after I had married and had children of my
that it had totally slipped my mind but that I would take own that I began thinking about it again. At the time, I
it to the garage as soon as I could. Unfortunately, I hadn’t was teaching biology in a good secondary school and we
got round to it, so I ended up waiting two hours before were living in a pleasant three-bedroom house in a
someone could come and help me out. smart neighbourhood – the sort of home that most
people would be content with in fact.The problem was,
Speaker 4 I was just not satisfied.
I’m usually the organised one in my family. I never forget I had never mentioned my boyhood dream to Susan, my
anyone’s birthday and I always make sure I pay the bills wife, and it took me some time to summon the courage
on time. Anyway, it was the strangest thing – the to raise the subject with her. I was afraid that she would
insurance company I deal with always contacts me to let laugh at me and tell me I was being foolish, but to my
me know when my car insurance is about to expire.This surprise she listened sympathetically. She went so far as
year, though, for some reason they didn’t, and I hadn’t to admit that she too found suburban life a bit dull.
marked it on my calendar. I must admit I was rather red- We started researching the possibilities together. At
faced when a policewoman pulled me over for a routine first, I was disappointed to discover that becoming a
check and I discovered my insurance was three weeks lighthouse keeper was not going to be as easy as I had
out of date! imagined. I hadn’t paid attention to the advances in
129
Workbook Tapescripts

technology which means that most lighthouses no Interviewer: You mean because they are amazed at how
longer have keepers in residence.They are automatically attractive the house is?
operated from control centres many miles away and Tom: In part, I suppose. I mean, it is lovely, but that’s not
receive only occasional visits from engineers for what amazes them the most. What they really can’t
maintenance purposes. I was sure that my dream had believe is that the house is made of straw, but it looks so
been shattered. sturdy and well-built.
But Susan is made of sterner stuff than me. She would Interviewer: I see. So the house is very strong, but it
not give up and kept making enquiries. It was while she was very economical to build, wasn’t it?
was surfing the Net that she came across an article Tom: Yes, it was. And to tell you the truth, if I ever build
about Lundy Island in one of the on-line newspapers. another one, it will be even less expensive. The one I
Now, Lundy is a small island about twelve miles off the have just completed cost me about £4,000 altogether.
coast of Devon in south-west England and I had thought Through talking to friends, and now that I’ve had some
it was completely uninhabited. In fact, roughly 30 people experience, I realise I could have saved about £1,000 if I
live there on a fairly permanent basis. Some of these are had cut my own wood for the frame of the house. I
volunteers, but at the time Susan found the article, the didn’t think of doing that at the time, so I had the wood
Trust, which runs the island, were looking for staff to cut by professionals at the local sawmill.
help manage the tourist accommodation on the island. Interviewer: Right. So ... going back to the strength of
The salaries on offer were not brilliant, but free the house ... how strong can a house made of straw
accommodation was included in the old lighthouse actually be?
keeper's cottage! Tom: Well, it’s all in the way it’s constructed. First things
We talked it over with our two children, twins who first, it’s very important to have a really good foundation,
were about to leave home and start their university or base. I built mine with rocks. If you take time to fit
studies, and they told us not to think twice about it.That the rocks together well, you won’t need to use any
very same night we sent off our letter of application and mortar to stick them together.You’ll find that once the
began the agonised wait to see what would happen. bales of straw are placed on top of the foundation,
Well, you can imagine the relief we felt when we were they’ll be heavy enough to hold the rocks in place.
invited for an interview but, knowing we still had a long Interviewer: And then you build the walls?
way to go, we did not celebrate too much.We set about Tom: No actually, not yet. Next you construct your
learning every detail we could about Lundy so that we floor.You won’t believe how easy it is. I used old wood
would, hopefully, impress the interview board and I must to make a wooden frame and then nailed boards to that.
say that the more we learnt, the more excited we Once the floor was completed, it was time to build the
became about the prospect of living there. roof so that it was ready to put on as soon as the walls
We have been living on the island for four years now were finished. A friend cut some planks for me from a
and we have never looked back.We still own our house couple of fallen trees that we found in a near-by forest.
on the mainland, but I doubt whether we will ever live Of course, I had to get permission to do that.
there again because life here is wonderful and we both Interviewer: So what about the straw? Tell me about
get great satisfaction from our jobs. Susan has always that.
been a good administrator and organiser and for me it is Tom: Well, I used rectangular bales of straw – 200
like being on one long field trip as I help tourists altogether. If you can believe it, each bale only cost me
discover the rich wildlife of the island. It just goes to one pound.Then, after the bales were in place, I covered
show that childhood dreams can sometimes lead to them in plastic sheeting. It’s very important that the
great happiness as long as you don’t give up on them. straw stays dry. If moisture gets in, the straw will
eventually rot.
Exercise 3 (p. 7) Interviewer: So,Tom.We’re about to run out of time. So
Interviewer: I’m pleased to say that we have Tom tell us ... apart from having a great place to live, what do
Williams with us in our studio today. Now,Tom Williams you get out of all this?
has built himself a very interesting home and he’s here Tom: Good question. You know, I do care about what
to tell us all about it.Tom, thanks so much for coming. effect I have on the world. Also, I am very concerned
Tom: My pleasure. about how much people are spending on mortgages,
Interviewer: Well, first I suppose we should tell our rent etc. But most of all, I’m just proud of the fact that
listeners what is so unique about your house. I’ve built something on my own. I feel so content sitting
Tom: I must admit, my house is unique. I just love there in my straw house in the middle of winter. The
inviting people to come and see it. I always make a point snow is falling outside, and yet, I’m inside where it is
of being at the front of the house when they arrive.The quiet and warm and I can’t help but think, ‘Yes, this is
look on their faces never fails to amuse me. what it’s all about.’

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Workbook Tapescripts

Interviewer: Well, thank you Tom for being with us it as hard as I could. Eventually, the shark flipped away
today. You really have accomplished something and let me go. I climbed on top of my board and paddled
incredible. Just one last question, though. Is there any to shore.The shark had bitten me right below the knee.
way our listeners can contact you if they would like to The doctors told me later that I’d lost so much blood I
find out more about building a house of straw? was lucky to have survived.
Tom: Sure. You can email me via my website at
www.tomsstrawhouse.com with any questions you Speaker 4
have. It might take me a little while to write back I was in my car on the Wooten Bridge when suddenly, I
because I’m getting a lot of enquiries these days, but I saw the tarmac break in front of me and felt the bridge
will write back eventually! shake. I thought I had just survived the earthquake when
Interviewer: OK, once again, thank you very much for the bridge started falling. I plummeted headfirst, still
being on the show,Tom. gripping the steering wheel. My car landed on a large
Tom: You’re welcome! concrete slab, but the back end was slipping into the
river.Water was rushing into the car. I tried to open the
MODULE 2 door, but it was jammed. I started to panic, but tried the
door again and it opened. I swam to the big slab of
Exercise 1 (p. 20) concrete and I had just climbed up onto it, when I saw a
Speaker 1 man screaming and floating in the river. I found a piece
I was trapped for over a day in the ruins of a tall block of of wood and held it out to him, guiding him through the
flats after a devastating earthquake struck in Golcuk, water and onto my slab. It must have been about half an
Turkey. I knew from a television programme that I would hour before a rescue boat found us.
be able to survive for three days without food or water,
so at least I stopped worrying about that. I had also Speaker 5
learnt that I should lie still to save my energy. I tried to Just after I had finished university, a friend, Enrique, and I
keep calm and about 10 hours later I heard my name went backpacking in South America. One particular day,
being called and was able to reply.The scramble to free we decided to try hiking from one village to the next in
me began. It took the rescuers 18 hours to find a route a beautiful mountainous area of Argentina. When we
through the rubble. I was finally pulled clear with only mentioned our idea to the owner of the hostel we were
minor injuries. staying in, however, he warned us that since it was very
easy to get lost in the area and the weather could be
Speaker 2 very unpredictable at that time of year, it would be
It was late September, and we were climbing in the better to hire a guide for the day. After discussing it for a
Kumaun region of the Indian Himalayas. Temperatures while, however, we decided that we would risk it alone.
had dropped to below zero, and heavy clouds were We weren’t going that far, after all. Anyway, needless to
dumping more than 10 cm of snow per hour.We’d taken say, we ended up in a great deal of trouble. We were
shelter by chiselling our tents inside a crevasse that found by a local mountain rescue team forty-eight hours
sloped downward into a seemingly bottomless pit. An later and taken to a hospital, exhausted and seriously
avalanche hit at midnight. Our tents collapsed, and we dehydrated.
awoke to snow squeezing us in the darkness. As the
snow pushed us farther into the crevasse, I fought to Speaker 6
keep an air space in front of my mouth while pulling up I’ve been mountain boarding since I was twelve. It is an
frantically. Pete and I dug a 15-foot-long tunnel through adrenaline sport that combines the best aspects of
the snow and poked our heads out into a raging storm. snowboarding, but on many different terrains during the
There was no way we could have survived out there. off-season – long after the snow has melted. It’s a great
Four days later the storm stopped. We tunnelled out sport but it is also very dangerous. One day I was
and started climbing down the mountain to safety. preparing to go down a particularly steep run when I
spotted this young kid getting ready to go down too. I
Speaker 3 went up to him and asked him if he was an experienced
I was 17 and it was the first day of the holidays. I was mountain boarder. He hummed and hawed and then
lying on my bodyboard on Kauai’s Brennecke Beach, feet admitted that this would be his first attempt. I told him
dangling in the water, when something bit my leg and that he should try easier runs first so that he doesn’t
pulled me under.When I realised it was a shark, I started hurt himself. In the beginning, I thought he was going to
punching it on the nose. But it didn’t care and began do the run anyway but his commonsense prevailed and
thrashing me around like a mad dog with a stuffed he went off to an easier hill. I am certain he would have
animal. It let go for a second but grabbed a hold of me broken something if he had done what he had so
again and took me down feet first, while I kept punching foolishly planned to do.

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Exercise 2 (p. 20) Remember though that the deadline for entries is July
Interviewer: Now, for those of you who are interested the 20th. Tickets for the show are available throughout
in art, especially art that’s a little out-of-the-ordinary, the city until the day before the festival, so that’s the
Recycle Art Festival is celebrating its tenth year at the 26th of July, at festival booths and participating retailers.
Palmerton Cultural Centre at the end of this month. The cost of a ticket is £4.
Participants in the show range from artists, craftsmen Interviewer: Well that seems very reasonable.
and furniture makers to fashion designers.A unique part Carol: It is indeed. And bear in mind that all proceeds
of the festival every year is the Fashioned from Rubbish will be given to various charities to support the main
Show and contest. I am pleased to have with me on aim of the festival – to help people become more aware
today’s programme the organiser of the show, Carol of environmental issues.
Fullerton.Welcome to the show, Carol. Interviewer: Well, thanks for joining us today, Carol. I
Carol: Thanks. It’s great to be here. wish you the best of luck with the show and hope all
Interviewer: Tell us a bit about the show. our listeners will check it out. I know I plan to.
Carol: Well, every year many of our local designers, Carol: Oh, thank you! I hope everyone will support the
artists or anyone else with a burning desire to create festival and the Fashion from Rubbish Show as it’s a
interesting, fun and sometimes even outrageous fashions great cause and a lot of fun. Remember the environment
made from rubbish, enter their creations into our show is always in fashion!
and take part in the contest. The whole point of the
show is to focus on how, with a little imagination, we can Exercise 3 (p. 21)
use our waste to create something functional. Interviewer: What’s the wildest or most interesting
Interviewer: What are some of the fashions made of? party or event you have ever attended? Have you ever
Carol: Well, for example, in last year’s show we had a fur wondered how these great parties and events are
coat – a fake one, of course – which was constructed organised? Well, on today’s show we will have an inside
out of little loops of cassette and video tape. Another look at the world of glamorous parties and events with
one of our prize winning designs was an evening gown our guest David Tutera, party and event planner.
glittering with thousands of fragments of polished Welcome, David. So, your official job title is event
recycled glass; it was very beautiful.We even had a dress consultant. Can you tell us exactly what this means?
made from shapes cut out of pieces of aluminium cans. David: Sure. A big part of most people’s life is the time
Interviewer: So who is the contest open to and how they spend enjoying themselves during their free time.
does it work? So, my firm offers an event production and design
Carol: As I said, a lot of local designers enter the contest service that recognises this and helps clients to organise
but actually anyone is allowed to enter. All you need is a this side of their lives, particularly by helping them to
fashion item made from rubbish or recycled materials. It organise very special events and parties.
could be absolutely anything really, from, let’s say, a hat Interviewer: And how did you get started with all this?
woven from electrical rubber wire to a complete outfit David: Well, really I owe it all to my grandfather. He felt I
made from old phonebook paper, just to give you some wild was not only creative and artistic, but a visionary when it
ideas! The contest entries are judged by a panel consisting came to inspiring other people. Basically, he encouraged
of local businessmen and environmental group leaders.The me to follow my dreams, so at age 19, with his support, I
scoring is based on three things: originality regarding use of started my own event planning business. It grew quickly
the rubbish, practicality, or in other words how wearable and I now even contribute to various TV programmes
the item is, and lastly the overall image of the fashion item. and magazines about lifestyle and entertaining.
Everyone who enters the contest participates in the fashion Interviewer: Oh, really? You mean you are interviewed
show, which is usually attended by hundreds of people. by the media – on TV programmes or for magazine
Interviewer: What do the winners receive? articles, for example?
Carol: Good question.There are three categories in the David: Oh no, no. I simply give a little bit of guidance. If
competition: evening and formal wear, accessories and, someone has written an article or is producing a TV show
finally, casual wear. So we have three winners and they about organising parties, for example, I’ll check the details
each receive gift certificates from local shops as well as and just be available for consultation at any time.
having their creations on display on the festival’s Interviewer: Interesting. So I understand that you have a
website. long list of celebrity and other high profile clients…
Interviewer: For our listeners who are interested in David: Sure. I do a lot of celebrity weddings and of course
entering or just going to see the fashions, can you give company openings and well-known product launches. I
us some information about this year’s show? enjoy all the events I organise, because they are all very
Carol: Of course. The contest and the show will take different, but what I enjoy the most about these kinds of
place on the 27th of July. If you would like to enter a high profile events is probably not what you would expect.
design, an application form can be found online. Yes, it’s exciting to have TV cameras everywhere and to
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meet lots of interesting celebrities, but can you imagine one. Of course, we have to keep up with our lessons as
how much money is available to plan these kinds of well, and being the top scorer in the football team is no
events? No expense is spared, of course, which means that excuse for not doing well academically. But it’s the way
you have every possible resource available to you to come that the whole school gets involved that I like.
up with something really imaginative, exciting and unique. Whenever we have a game against another school, the
Interviewer: I can imagine. So, tell us about the actual atmosphere is fantastic. All the kids turn out to cheer us
process of event planning.What exactly does it involve? on – it’s really great.
David: Well, first of all, the space has to be examined so
that it can be properly utilised.Then I start working with Speaker 3
the client on a concept. Basically, we try to come up Well, I participate in a few of the extracurricular
with something that is highly imaginative but still reflects activities that are scheduled after classes. We are
the personality of the client. But no matter how original actually encouraged to become involved in a lot of
our idea is, the most important thing is for the event to things and it’s a great way to meet new people. My
be a success. We want our clients and their guests to parents are always going on about the fact that I don’t
remember the event for years to come. seem to spend enough time studying, but I think it’s
Interviewer: And what role does the décor play in an important to get involved in something you enjoy and,
event? anyway, I always do well in exams. There are a wide
David: Well, the moment a guest enters a party space, range of school clubs and organisations to choose from
every aspect of the décor should capture them. Their and sometimes we organise events to raise money for
sight, smell, taste and touch should all be stimulated the local community.
from the beginning to the close of the event.We always Speaker 4
work really hard to achieve this and in fact very often I know everyone talks about their teachers and their
the décor is what the client is most impressed by. favourite subjects when they discuss school, but I just
Interviewer: Can you recall an event that you are have to mention our dining hall and the ladies who cook
particularly proud of? our meals. I always look forward to the lunch break
David: There is one wedding that stands out to me.We because I can then sit down with my circle of friends
transformed an ordinary reception area into a fantasy and discuss … well, anything and everything, really. The
palace. Everything was white, we dusted crystal on the food is great and there’s a good selection. Nowadays we
tables where the food was laid out, and there was even a have a salad bar and vegetarian meals are on offer as the
miniature lake with real live swans that everyone could headmaster feels that we shouldn’t eat so much junk
see as they ate. It was absolutely magical! food. Mum and Dad tell me things were totally different
Interviewer: It sounds incredible! Well, David, thanks for when they were at school.
joining us today. I certainly had no idea that event
organising could be so exciting! Speaker 5
David: My pleasure and thank you for listening. We have music and arts programmes at our school and
there’s also drama, although not many students seem
MODULE 3 interested in that. At the moment, they are building a
small theatre to encourage more students to join in. I
Exercise 1 (p. 34)
attend the art classes and they’re very relaxing. I really
Speaker 1 admire my teacher who is very friendly and her attitude
My school encourages students to be competitive and has helped me to feel that I don’t have to be the best at
to never forget their individual ambitions. I have to say everything. I don’t know whether I have any real
that the teachers are strict and they constantly push us potential, but with a good teacher and interesting
to our limits, if not beyond them. The workload is lessons, you might be surprised what you find out about
challenging, too. It’s not unusual to have over four hours yourself.
of homework to do every night, and for a long time I
didn’t think I would be able to cope with the pressure, Speaker 6
but having learnt something about time-management Last year, I failed Maths and History and I had absolutely
skills, I now feel that I am organising myself better. I want no interest in studying. This year, though, things have
to do well because I know the teachers have our best been a lot different. I got an A in Maths and I have even
interests at heart – even if they don’t always show it. joined the History Society. Since the beginning of this
Speaker 2 school year, me and my classmates have been following a
What I like about my school is the fact that they are programme set up by the government here in Mexico to
very keen on sports. A lot of schools don’t seem to promote the use of computers in the classroom. The
approve of competitive sports these days, but not this programme is called Encyclomedia and it’s a multimedia
program including software that responds to students
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and gives us feedback on any errors we make. I can near my home for about three years, which used to be a
honestly say that learning has never been so much fun. useful source of information, but unfortunately it closed
down due to money problems.
Exercise 2 (p. 34) Interviewer: What has been your most memorable
Interviewer: One of the nominees for the Young experience?
Inspiration of the Year award is Ben Sharpe, a young man Ben: Once we took in a baby owl. It had been hit by a
who has spent most of his life rescuing and taking in car and left for dead. My father and I wrapped it up and
animals in trouble. Ben, you have built quite a reputation took it to the vet who kept the owl in for observation.
around here because of your love for animals. If Two days later, it was released to us. Following the
someone came to visit you at home they would advice of the vet, we took care of it for three weeks.
certainly get a shock, wouldn’t they? When the owl was well again, we turned it loose and it
Ben: You could say that. At the moment I have four flew to the fence, stopping for a few minutes. It kept
dogs, three cats, four rabbits, three tortoises, two ducks looking out at the woods and then back at us. Finally, it
and a turkey. Many people have commented that my took off and flew into the woods. But that wasn’t the
house is more like a zoo than a normal home, but I last we saw of it. Over the next few years, it sometimes
consider it to be more like an animal hotel. We live in came and sat in the pine trees near the farm. I like to
quite a large house on a farm so there is space for think it was coming back to visit us.
plenty of animals. For the animals that stay with us, it’s a Interviewer: There is a cash prize for the winner of the
comfortable, safe environment, especially after all their award. If you win, what do you plan to do with the
suffering. money?
Interviewer: But you don’t take in every animal that’s Ben: I haven’t really thought about it that much. One
brought to you, do you? thing I would like to have is somewhere to treat the
Ben: Well, it depends really on what’s best for the animals. Animals that have been injured should not be
animal. I believe animals that are strong enough to moved more than absolutely necessary, so if I had a
survive on their own should be in their own natural small clinic on the farm where the vet could come to
habitat. But some animals need help and that’s when I treat them, that would help save a lot more animals.
take them in or I try to find them somewhere else to Interviewer: Ben, thank you and I wish you the best of
live. I recently found two little kittens, Timmy and luck both for the competition and for the future of your
Domino. Domino had a badly infected eye that needed work with the animals.
seeing to right away. We made sure they got help and I Ben: Thank you.
found good homes for them with friends of mine, and
now they are perfectly happy and healthy. Exercise 3 (p. 35)
Interviewer: So, have you always felt this way about Interviewer: I’m pleased to welcome Francesca North
animals? to the programme today. Francesca is currently playing
Ben: Well, ever since I was very young, I think, I’ve the role of Maggie in the popular TV series Prison Blues.
known that animals deserved to be treated with It’s lovely to have you with us today, Francesca.
respect. My parents tell me that when I was very little, I Francesca: Thank you.
used to carry ants out of the house to stop them being Interviewer: Tell us how you got into acting.
stepped on. So as you can see, I wasn’t one of those Francesca: Well, my mother is Japanese and my father is
boys who enjoyed capturing butterflies in jars or English, so we spoke two languages at home. My mother
catching frogs for fun. wanted me to have a good English accent so she sent me
Interviewer: How do your family feel about what you to speech lessons. I did very well in this.The teacher also
do? gave acting lessons and one thing led to another. She
Ben: Well, they are kind of used to it now. It’s what they suggested I try some acting and the next thing I knew I
have come to expect of me. I took in all manner of was winning drama awards and seriously considering
strays when I was young. I’m lucky because my parents acting as a career. My mother wasn’t sure she wanted me
have always supported me in my actions and they love to do this, though. She didn’t think it was a very secure job.
animals just as much as I do. Interviewer: And your father?
Interviewer: How did you learn how to look after all Francesca: Oh, all he ever wanted for me was to be
these animals? happy and if that’s what I wanted, at the end of the day I
Ben: I have a large collection of books if I want to figure could always teach English or Drama if life on the stage
out the best way to take care of and feed the animals. proved to be too precarious!
Also, the vet is always on hand to answer any urgent Interviewer: So you did go to Drama school …
queries I have. She knows me very well now and doesn’t Francesca: Yes, and had a wonderful time. The great
mind the odd late-evening call if it means helping an thing is that you make so many friends and contacts.
injured or sick animal. There was also a nature centre
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Then, I happened to be in the right place at the right me to appreciate the fact. I consider myself to be a law-
time one day and was offered a very small part in a TV abiding person and I sincerely hope I never end up in
soap.That was fantastic because, although it was a small prison for real. You know, sometimes innocent people
part, the thing with soaps is that the story is on-going. do and that must be an absolute nightmare.
Gradually, my character became more involved in the Interviewer: Indeed. (pause) … Coming back to you
story line and they wrote bigger and bigger parts for and your career, do you have plans for the next role yet?
me. Francesca: Well, this series is still being completed and
Interviewer: Obviously you must research a part. You after that we’ll see … but after playing such a nasty
played a young mother didn’t you? violent character I would like a role that is completely
Francesca: Yes, that’s right. I did talk to young mums and different next time. It’s hard to play a baddie all the time
try to get an insight into the kinds of highs and lows and I wouldn’t want to be typecast. In fact, if any
they experienced. Young mothers have to have a lot of directors out there are listening, I wouldn’t mind a little
energy for their kids but they also often feel they want role in the theatre for a change.That would be fun!
more fun and less responsibility. Later, when I had my
own children, I used to look back on the role and think MODULE 4
of all the things I thought that being a mother was about Exercise 1 (p. 48)
then – the reality wasn’t quite the same!
Interviewer: When you left the soap it must have felt as Speaker 1
if part of your life fell away. I think it’s great that these big names in show business
Francesca: I had been very involved in the role, yes, but and the music industry are rolling up their sleeves and
the offer of playing Maggie in this new series was too fighting the good fight.Take that Irish guy, for example. I
good to miss. can’t remember his name, but he’s organised a couple of
Interviewer: The part you are playing now as Maggie in huge concerts in support of solving the world’s food
Prison Blues is very different. How do you manage to be crisis. I heard a colleague say that he thought he was in it
so convincingly bad? for personal financial reasons, but I don’t agree at all.As I
Francesca: Thank you (laughing). I will take that as a say, I think it’s marvellous that he’s taken time out of his
compliment. Actually, Maggie is almost everything I am hectic schedule to try to help a really serious world
not. I’m not saying I’m perfect but she is a very bad problem.
woman. In order to play the role I have to consider how Speaker 2
I would think and what I would do in the given situation My best mate, Alan, has done voluntary work for years.
and try to find the complete opposite thoughts and It seems he is out on the streets almost every night
actions! There are times when I’m really not keen on distributing food and blankets to the needy ... the
acting out what Maggie does – for example when she is homeless, the runaways.You know, he really cares about
so unkind to some of the others. these people, despite the fact that his work is really
Interviewer: Did you actually go to a women’s prison tough sometimes.You know, once he was mugged twice
and meet prisoners? within a few months. I told him I thought he was mad to
Francesca: Yes, absolutely, and I learnt a lot about life in continue. He just smiled and said it was all worth it. He’s
prison. I guess there must be a punishment for crime but disappointed that some of his colleagues have stopped
there are a lot of women in there who have had a really volunteering lately because of the danger out on the
hard life with many problems. It’s very sad. Many of them streets. I understand how he feels, but you can’t blame
have had little education and were involved in petty people for feeling worried.
crime as children and haven’t had the love and care of
family relationships. Others found themselves in difficult Speaker 3
financial situations and resorted to crime as a means of I’ve been with the organisation Feed the World for
survival. about a decade now. Over the years, what with the
Interviewer: Is life in jail really like the TV series? demands of family and work, I’ve thought I would have
Francesca: Well, the producers have tried to make it as to give up my volunteer work, but I’ve just never had the
realistic as possible and that is why we spent quite a bit heart to do it. People are constantly telling me that I’m
of time ourselves researching what it is like and talking flogging a dead horse, you know, trying to find a solution
to staff and prisoners. I don’t think there are many real to a situation where there isn’t one. Well, I simply keep
prisoners quite like Maggie but sometimes the quiet when I meet people like that. They frustrate me
frustration of being in prison brings out the worst in with their attitude but I know that if we just keep at it, if
people. I have to say that every time I left there I was so we keep hammering away at the problem, we will, one
relieved that I didn’t have to face years inside. Freedom day, reach our goal.
is a very precious thing and what I have done has helped

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Speaker 4 Dave: They are really catching on. I think people are getting
Yes, the world is in a terrible state, I couldn’t agree bored with package tours. When people book an eco
more. And yes, of course, something needs to be done holiday with us they are guaranteed a high-quality
about it.You know, when I was younger, in my twenties experience.We organise pre-trip meetings, where you ask
and thirties, I followed the news, I attended the charity as many questions as you like about your destination as well
dinners, I went to the protests ... I got involved in as meet your guide and fellow travellers.
everything. As I got older, though, my charity work just Presenter: So, your tour guides must be well trained ...
kind of fell by the wayside. I suppose, if I could ever find Dave: All of our guides are bilingual. Often they are
a spare moment, I might take up a cause of some kind from the country you are travelling to. Actually, they
again. I mean, both my teenage children are avid don’t only work as guides. You may find yourself in the
supporters of Save the Whales. I don’t know, maybe capable hands of a PhD student, or an engineer …
when I retire I’ll have the chance to get back into that Presenter: I hear that some of your trips are focused on
kind of thing again. specific themes. Is that true?
Dave: Yes, that’s right. It means that people of all sorts
Speaker 5 of ages are brought together. On our trips, though, the
For years I used to financially support my favourite age difference doesn’t matter because people are united
charity each month, and I got a degree of satisfaction by similar interests. Quite often groups keep meeting
from that – you know, just to know that I was helping in years after their original trip together.
some small way. But a few years ago I found myself Presenter: Which destinations and themes are most
getting tired of my job and feeling as if I needed a bit of a popular with travellers?
break. Then, around that time I spotted an Dave: Well, there are the most famous places that people
advertisement in my charity’s monthly newsletter feel they must see – the Egyptian pyramids, for example –
appealing for volunteers to help build a badly needed but there are many not-so-well-known locations, too.
orphanage in an African village. Anyway, I found myself Obviously, wherever possible we give travellers the
applying and off I went. Well, it was one of the most opportunity to explore areas of untouched natural beauty.
fulfilling experiences of my whole life.You can’t imagine Some of our most popular trips focus on discovering the
the sense of satisfaction I felt knowing that I had been so flora and fauna of an area, while others concentrate on
directly involved in something so worthwhile. archaeological sites and history.
Speaker 6 Presenter: Are eco holidays expensive?
Kids whose teeth are really messed up lack self Dave: Quite the opposite. As we deal with the local
confidence. But what a lot of people don’t realise is just communities directly, we do not have to go through
how big a problem untreated dental disease is. It affects British operators. We make reservations with the local
the whole body. In my country we didn’t have access to agencies themselves. We offer a unique itinerary at an
dentists unless we could afford to pay. My family were unbeatable price.
poor and my parents sacrificed everything for us to be Presenter: And do travellers get the chance to explore
educated. It was through the school that the problems the local culture much?
with my teeth were dealt with and I felt healthier and Dave: We make sure travellers get to experience the
happier after treatment.When I learnt about the charity usual things – try the traditional cuisine, see local crafts
‘Give a Child a Smile’ I remembered all that and I and artwork and participate in music and dance festivals.
wanted to support the cause. But, we also like to take it a step further by holding
cultural exchange workshops. For example, in Peru you
Exercise 2 (p. 48) can spend a day with local fishermen learning how to
construct a traditional fishing boat.
Presenter: Fancy a different kind of holiday this year?
Presenter: What about accommodation? Is it luxurious
Well, you might be interested to hear about the latest
or basic?
trend in travel – ecotourism. Here to tell us more is
Dave: We offer comfortable accommodation in charming
Dave Lloyd from Eco Travel. Welcome, Dave.
little eco-hotels. On some occasions clients may also stay
Dave: Lovely to be here.
in special environmentally friendly tents, but you are
Presenter: So, what exactly is ecotourism?
assured of a warm welcome wherever you go as we know
Dave: It’s a special kind of tourism that aims to help local
all the owners personally.
communities. Thanks to ecotourism, local communities
Presenter: That’s good. Sounds like my kind of holiday!
benefit in many ways – not only financially, but culturally
Dave: You are guaranteed a unique experience, that’s
and environmentally, too. You see, people want to
for sure. Not only do you come back home with
experience the culture of a new place and cause as little
beautiful photos, but you will have great memories of
environmental damage as possible.
the people you met there.
Presenter: Just how popular are eco holidays becoming?
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Presenter: What exciting eco trips have you got planned has made us lazy, but I call it progress. You can
for this month? experiment with all kinds of sounds, rhythms and
Dave: We have a few places left for a trip to Brazil. harmonies – it’s fantastic! That’s not to say that I don’t
Presenter: What are the dates? appreciate real live instruments – in fact, I prefer to use
Dave: Departing on the 26th of March for twelve days live instruments where possible.
or on the 24th for two weeks. The two-week trip Interviewer: Does that mean that you prefer to perform
includes a three-day stop-over in Rio de Janeiro before in front of a live audience rather than be recording?
continuing to the Amazon. Tess: As a singer-songwriter I must say I enjoy both. I get
Presenter: If any of our listeners are interested how can a thrill out of creating the music in the first place, but
they get more information? there’s nothing better than performing your own pieces
Dave: All the details are on our new website. Book soon to in front of an audience. Having said that, I have to admit
avoid disappointment! there are times when I find touring exhausting and I just
Presenter: Dave, thank you for joining us. Good luck want to get back into the recording studio. I try as far as
with everything. possible to achieve a balance – spending some time out
Dave: Thanks. on tour without it upsetting my private life.
Interviewer: What do you like to sing about most?
Exercise 3 (p.49) How important are the lyrics to you?
Interviewer: In the studio today we have singer- Tess: Many of my songs stem from my own life – they
songwriter Tess Yale, who has just released her new are very personal. Others are about things I have seen
album, Shooting Stars. Welcome, Tess. Tell me, have you around me. The lyrics are an essential part of my songs
always wanted to be a singer-songwriter? and I sit for days trying to get them right and fit them to
Tess: Well, it’s true that I have always loved music. I had the music. I am always conscious of the potential
a fairly musical childhood. When I was little, my mum messages they might give to people. It’s so easy to come
used to listen to the radio a lot – and so I was exposed across in the wrong way.
to different styles – from pop to classical. From an early Interviewer: So what advice would you like to give any
age, I was fascinated by how songs have the ability to potential singer-songwriters out there?
‘hook’ you with their catchy melodies. It wasn’t long Tess: Don’t aim too high too soon – you have to be
after that that I started composing my own tunes. patient in this line of work. Keep working at it and
Interviewer: Did your family encourage you to take accept all criticism as a chance to grow. Work with
music lessons? other musicians as much as you can, too.You need their
Tess: I really wanted to have singing lessons and I kept inspiration sometimes.
asking for them. But we lived in a remote part of the Interviewer: Well, it’s been a real pleasure to have you
country and good singing teachers were hard to come by. on the show, Tess. Good luck with your new album and
I finally found a teacher called Miss Gibbons. But she told your upcoming tour …
me that I should learn to play the piano first – which I did.
So I didn’t get to do the singing lessons I really wanted to MODULE 5
do. Still, I was glad that I had taken up the piano. Exercise 1 (p. 62)
Interviewer: So, you ended up relying on your own Speaker 1
natural talent more than anything. That must have been Until I was about sixteen, my mum always insisted on
hard. coming with me when I went shopping for clothes. One
Tess: Well, luckily I was able to continue studying music at time, I wanted to go to this party and I asked my mother
secondary school and then later I went on to study voice if I could have a new pair of jeans. It took me ages to
and composition at university. But I still remember the persuade her to let me go shopping on my own. I knew
early days when I was just a teenager. Melodies would exactly what I wanted and exactly which shop sold
come to me and I could even hear the whole piece in my them. It took me about twenty minutes to get to the
head, the way it should sound with all the different shop, buy the jeans and get home again. I didn’t want to
instruments and everything and I felt so frustrated that I wear them brand new so I figured I would throw them
couldn’t write it down. I used to hum the tune into a in the wash. Of course, I knew nothing about washing
small tape-recorder so that it wouldn’t get lost. instructions, so I didn’t even look at them. So I guess it
Interviewer: Technology has come a long way since shouldn’t have come as such a huge shock to me when I
then, hasn’t it? How has it helped you with your took them out of the washing machine and they had
compositions? shrunk about three sizes!
Tess: It’s amazing what you can do now. It’s all so easy!
You can just sing the notes and the computer writes it
all up for you! Some people would say that technology

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Speaker 2 Speaker 6
I must admit that I have a weakness for china vases – big, My brother and I are twins and when we were young
small, round, square, I love them all. Last summer, my Mum always used to buy us the same outfits. Neither of
friend Kim and I decided to go to a local car boot sale. us wanted to dress like the other all the time and when
We were wandering around when suddenly I spotted a we were teenagers we would always make sure that we
whole display of second-hand porcelain. Kim knew what wore different things. Now we are in our thirties and
I was like and tried to persuade me to keep away from have our own families. Recently, we were both invited to
the display. I refused to listen, though, and practically ran the opening night of a friend’s new restaurant. When I
towards the seller and his wares. About an hour later, I saw my brother, I immediately burst out laughing.
was the proud owner of twelve new porcelain vases. Clearly, we had both been shopping for the occasion and
Only when I couldn’t find any room on the shelves to chosen exactly the same blue and white checked shirt!
put them did I admit that perhaps I had gone a bit over
the top. I mean, really, there are only so many vases that Exercise 2 (p. 62)
any one person can own. Interviewer: Hello, and a very warm welcome to all our
Speaker 3 listeners. This morning we have a special treat in store
I remember being invited to my first big dance, I was so for you because we are recording the programme live
excited! My best friend, Jane, told me that I would have from one of Canada’s greatest attractions, the WestEd
to have something new to wear. Jane had mentioned a Mall. With me is Jan Ferguson, WestEd’s chief public
new boutique where she had bought a gorgeous dress relations officer. Jan, thanks for talking to us this morning.
the week before. She described the dress to me and it Jan: My pleasure, Gordon. As you said,WestEd is indeed
sounded wonderful, so I thought I would go there and one of Canada’s greatest attractions and that is saying a
see if I could get one like hers. Well, I did find one like lot when you consider the wealth of attractions Canada
hers, but I couldn’t get it in a colour that suited me. has to offer.
Anyway, in the end, out of desperation, I ended up Interviewer: Too true, Jan. Why don’t we get the ball
getting this little mini-dress.Without even trying it on, I rolling by you telling us a bit about the mall’s location.
bought it and took it home.You can imagine the look on Jan: Sounds as good a place to start as any. Well, the
my face when I put it on only to find that it was about mall, often referred to as the ‘8th Wonder of the World’,
two sizes too big for me. is situated in beautiful Edmonton,Alberta. Edmonton has
the proud reputation of being an extremely
Speaker 4 cosmopolitan city. Many Canadians, and people the
Every Saturday morning, my mum is good enough to world over, call Edmonton the ‘Gateway to the North’,
babysit for my little boy and my best friend Julie’s little and to the world-famous Rocky Mountains.
girl so the two of us can go and do a bit of shopping. Interviewer: That’s quite an introduction, Jan! Now,
Last week, though, Mum said she couldn’t because she how about some details about the mall itself?
had read about a book exhibition that she wanted to go Jan: Sure.The mall is located on an area of land equalling
to. What it meant, of course, was that Julie and I would approximately 48 city blocks – we’re talking big here,
have to take our kids with us to the shops. It was a Gordon!
disaster. What with one toddler screaming for a box of Interviewer: We certainly are!
biscuits, and the other one crying for a bag of crisps, we Jan: We’ve got something for everybody, and all under
nearly went mad. By the time we got home from the one roof.The mall has a world-class hotel – for our out-
high street, we were absolutely exhausted. of-town guests – shops and boutiques, of course, dozens
of one-of-a-kind attractions, and countless restaurants
Speaker 5 that cater for the widest range of tastes in the world.
Last summer, my oldest friend, Cindy, and I went abroad Are you hooked yet, Gordon?
together on a shopping trip. It was absolutely amazing. Interviewer: I was before we even got started, Jan.Why
There was so much choice and everything was so cheap. don’t you tell us a bit about shopping here at the mall?
Anyway, we were in a popular shopping district, when Jan: As you can imagine, it is a shopper’s paradise.When
we came across a market stall selling perfume, all the we tell you that you can come visit and ‘shop till you
top name brands. Cindy bought four bottles. At first I drop’, we are not joking! The mall has over 800 shops
thought I would pass but Cindy kept going on about and department stores, including hundreds of stores
how I really should take advantage of the cheap prices. I that are exclusive to the mall. Of course, all your
finally gave in and bought three bottles. I don’t think I favourites are here as well – Abercrombie and Fitch,
need to tell you how angry I was two days later back Banana Republic and G-star, just to mention a few. The
home when I spotted a shop selling the exact same mall is open all year round, including public holidays like
perfume ... at less than half the price we had paid. Christmas and Thanksgiving. Monday to Saturday you

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can feed your shopping habit from 10 am to 9 pm, and without one. It’s all very well saying people should only
on Sundays from 11 am to 5 pm. On public holidays use public transport, but that isn’t so practical or cheap
we’re ready to serve you from 10 am to 6 pm. I’d also if you have a large family. So, although running a car can
like to mention that visitors like yourself can take take quite a chunk out of your budget, you could
advantage of our VIP programme. All you have to do to probably save quite a bit by following a couple of simple
receive fantastic discounts at over 30 participating rules. For instance, your car will be much more efficient
stores is show your identification at our Guest Services if you keep it well-maintained and always making sure
Centre. One of our friendly staff will then give you a VIP your tyre pressure is at the right level. In the long run,
pin that lets you save, save, save! this will reduce your spending on petrol.
Interviewer: Jan, my wife would love this place! When it comes to the house, as my dear old gran used
Jan: Everybody loves this place! Big people, little people, to say – waste not want not! What’s good for the
seniors, you name it, there are attractions to delight one environment is also good for your wallet. Don’t leave
and all. The fun never stops here at the mall and you’ll lights on and don’t leave electrical equipment on
never run out of entertainment options. If you want to standby; leaving the TV, DVD player and other such
keep the older children amused while you’re shopping, equipment on standby eats up a lot of electricity. Also,
why not let them try skateboarding at the West 49 make sure that any new electrical goods that you buy
skateboard park? This is 5,000 square feet of fantastic are energy efficient. On the subject of shopping, British
fun for both amateur and experienced skateboarders. supermarkets do offer good value for money on food
For the little ones, how about a round of mini-golf at generally. In fact, some people even argue that food is
Planet Golf, or a hair-raising experience in our haunted too cheap. Where the supermarkets do fall down
castle? I can promise you, when you come and see us at though, is that food is packaged in such a way that you
the mall, you will never hear a child say they are bored. could end up buying more than you need and wasting it.
Interviewer: I agree with you there! Their only If you buy vegetables loose, you can just buy what you
complaint may be that they can’t decide what to do first! will actually use.
Jan: Funnily enough, most of our young visitors know When it comes to clothing there are plenty of shops
exactly what they want to do first. with cheap clothes. People are concerned that this is
Interviewer: Really? What’s that, then? because clothes manufacturers use cheap labour and
Jan: I won’t make you guess, Gordon. It’s the World even employ children. This can be true of both cheap
Waterpark, all five acres of it! The temperature inside clothing or expensive clothes and the ugly truth is that
the park stays at a constant 30 degrees, and when it’s the consumer is given very little information about how
winter in Canada, believe me, that temperature is the clothing has been produced. Some of the retail
heaven compared to the temperature outside! The park outlets have been a bit more forthcoming with
has over 20 different activities including miles of information recently and I hope this practice will spread
waterslides, bungee jumping, hot tubs and an incredible over time. But as it is, and until the situation changes,
play area where parents can spend some fun-filled there really is no ethical difference between the cheaper
quality time with their youngsters. companies and the pricier ones.
Interviewer: I am truly impressed, Jan. Unfortunately, To finish I want to talk a little about the annual holiday.
we’re almost out of time. And to tell you the truth, I This has become a major drain on a family’s resources in
suddenly have a very strong urge to go shopping! Thanks recent years. The trend to travel abroad grew when
so much for joining us on today’s programme, Jan. cheap package holidays were on offer.We began to take
Jan: Delighted, Gordon. Now, don’t go spending all your it for granted that each summer we would fly off to
money in ... (fade) somewhere hot and sunny where the weather was
guaranteed. However, prices have increased and when
Exercise 3 (p. 63) we are looking to cut back on our expenses, we should
With prices constantly rising many families are really consider whether we really need to go abroad. I think
feeling the pinch these days, but other issues are we tend to forget what a lovely country we live in and
important too. how high the quality of the tourist facilities in Britain are.
These days consumers are being encouraged to follow Lots of people from abroad enjoy holidays here, so
the principles of the ‘3 Rs’ – reduce, reuse and recycle, perhaps it’s time we started to make the most of it, too.
which of course has an effect on both the environment For a long time our society has celebrated wastefulness
and our pockets. I would like to show you how you can and looked down on people who are careful with
combine thinking about the environment and other social money as mean and miserly. This has to change in the
and ethical issues with saving some hard-earned cash. interests of the environment and for the good of our
To begin with, let’s consider the family car. Most families families. The less we waste, the more we have for the
have a car and many people could not imagine life things we really need. Remember, making savings just
needs a little thought.
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