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The ANALYSIS OF SUPERSTITIOUS BELIEFS AND FAMILY TRADITION:

BASIS FOR A COMPENDIUM

An undergraduate thesis
Presented to the
Faculty of College of Education
University of Perpetual Help System-Dalta
Las Piñas campus

In partial fulfilment
of the requirements for the degree in
Bachelor of Science in Education Major in Social Studies

GALUTAN, NOEMI O.
LASTRILLA, REINETTE L.
March 2018
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APPROVALSHEET

This thesis entitled “Superstitious beliefs and Family Tradition: Basis for
a Compendium”, prepared and submitted by GALUTAN, NOEMI, LASTRILLA,
REINNETTE in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor
of Science in Education major in Social Studies has been examined and
recommended for final oral defense.

Approved and recommended by the Committee on Oral Examination with a

grade of __________

Josephine P. Dasig, Ph D Dane B Jacinto, Ph D

Member Chairman

Dr. Kent Gamboa

Research Adviser

Accepted and Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree of Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Social Studies.

Dr. Emerlyn E. Managuas

Dean
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers- Noemi and Reinette would like to express their

sincerest appreciation and gratitude to the following persons who have

greatly helped in the completion of this research:

DR. EMERLYN E. MANAGUAS, Dean of the College of Education of

the University of Perpetual Help System DALTA – Las Piñas Campus, for her

unending support and for allowing the researchers to conduct their study.

DR. MARY JOSEPHINE M. DURITAN, research professor, for her

guidance, patience, encouragement and for sharing her expertise in

checking the entire study.

DR. KENT GAMBOA, thesis adviser, for his guidance and

recommendations that enrich their works.

DR. JOSEPHINE P. DASIG, DR. DANE B. JACINTO and DR.

EMERLYN E. MANAGUAS, the panelist, for their suggestions, corrections,

recommendations and advices for the improvement of the study.

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PARENTS and GUIRDANS, who served as inspiration, for their

understanding and encouragement during the process of completing this

study for the moral and financial support extended to the researchers.

FAMILY PARTICIPANTS, for their precious time, effort, patience, and

cooperation that made this study a reality.

Above all to GOD, for His unconditional love and blessings that He

gave the researchers to complete this study.

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ABSTRACT

When the clock runs, the Filipino people are increasing in billions and

enlightenment has taken place but our Filipino ancestors leave a

superstitious beliefs and family traditions that still exist on this generation.

Superstitious belief is only a belief without evidence. It is designated to those

beliefs that result from ignorance and fear of the unknown. Filipino families

consider these as part of their culture. The purpose of this study is to give

insights on the superstitions and family traditions that are being practiced by

the selected participants.

Our culture is a big reflection of our great ancestors. It is influenced by

most of the people we have interacted with. The Filipinos also tell how

people view the unknown and the means to appease the gods that control

the future and other unspecified creatures. For us Filipinos, we have a

number of beliefs and traditions about life, family, luck, wealth, and many

others.

Key words: Research Design, purposes, insights, superstitious, traditions

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL SHEET 2

ACKNOWLEDGMENT 3

ABSTRACT 5

TABLE OF CONTENTS 6

Chapter 1: THE PROBLEM AND THE REBIEW OF

RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 8

Introduction 8

Review of Related Literature 12

Theoretical Framework 42

Research paradigm 44

Statement of the Problem 45

Assumption 46

Scope and Delimitation 46

Significance of the Study 47

Definition of Terms 48
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Chapter 2: RESEARCH METHOLOGY 50

Reseach Design

Population and Sampling

Participants of the Study

Research Instrument

Chapter 3: RESULT AND DISCUSSION 53

Chapter 4: SUMMARY 69

Findings

Conclusion

Insight Gained

CHAPTER I
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INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW

OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

INTRODUCTION

Over the centuries, people are multiplying in billions and

modernization and enlightenment has taken place but superstitious beliefs

and family traditions still persist in our societies. The superstitions and family

traditions continue to pass through generation and maybe it will still continue

until to the next era.

Superstitious belief is only a belief without evidence. It is designated

to those beliefs that result from ignorance and fear of the unknown. Every

known civilization that ever existed on the planet had something common in

them; these were the myths and superstitions that were a crucial part of their

cultures. Many superstitious practices are due to the false interpretations of

the natural events. Curiosity also with regard to things that are hidden or are

still in the future plays a considerable part, example, in the various kinds of

divination. With this qualification in mind, superstitions may be classified

roughly as religious, cultural and personal. Superstitions that belong to the

cultural tradition are enormous in their variety.

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Nearly all persons, in nearly times, have held, seriously, irrational

beliefs concerning methods of warding off ill or bringing good, foretelling the

future, healing and preventing sickness and accidents.

According to the author Raquel Elekes (2012) from A Timeless

Memory, most superstitions have a history and can actually be explained.

While traditions are customs or symbol that hold special meaning to each

family or individual and are passed down from generation to generation.

They can begin at any time with anyone from any background. It is up to

each individual to decide whether or not to carry on each tradition,

depending on what it means to them.

In the Philippines, owing to its strategic location in Asia, has seen many

settlers and visitors from other places even before the advent of written

history. Naturally, these different peoples would carry with them their peculiar

beliefs and custom pertaining to phenomena that they could not explain at the

time. These beliefs would then be transmitted to their descendants via oral or

written traditions.

Historians generally agree that aside from the original main settlers (the

Negritos, the Indonesians, and the Malays) the biggest influences of Filipino

superstitions would be the Indians, the Chinese, the Spanish, and the Arabs to
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a lesser extent. This inter-mixing of different beliefs is the reason why we have

so many superstitions in the country even today.

Meanwhile, family traditions is also a belief, it contains rituals and

practices of a family that are handed down from one generation to the next.

Family traditions almost always change when parents divorced. Due to

changes in where kids live and how they spend holidays and birthdays,

traditions may change a little or a lot. Some family traditions change over the

years as children get older. Good examples of changes due to older kids are

bedtime stories and family movie nights. Other traditions change as children

grow up and have families of their own. Opening gifts on Christmas morning

and Easter morning egg hunts will take place at your grown children's houses

instead of taking place at your house. Sometimes families review long-

standing traditions and decide that one or more no longer fit their lifestyle.

On this context, this study explored the practices of superstitious beliefs

and family traditions in this era. This research also assessed the families

belonging to the urban areas about their insights regarding the topic.

Furthermore, this research identified and analyzed some of the factors on why

Filipino families are still practicing and adhering to the beliefs of their

forefathers.
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BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Many Filipinos cling to the traditional practices, beliefs and traditions.

They are strongly rooted from their ancestors that they believe could help

them deal with day to day occurrences and events.

To a lot of Filipinos, superstitious beliefs and traditions are very crucial

in making decisions and planning an important event. The superstitious

beliefs of Filipinos are often consulted especially during important occasions

such as weddings, trips, moving to a new house, opening a business, finding

a job and many more major events in life.

Examples of these are: Friday the 13th, walking under a ladder, and

breaking a mirror connotes bad luck, while itchy palm connotes good luck.

Also, there are many family traditions that still in use today and the common

are: Noche Buena, 40 days, rituals and etc.

Despite the computer age that has changed the lifestyles of most

Filipinos, many Filipinos still spice their life with superstitious beliefs and

family traditions that they strongly believe could help them cope with day to

day activities especially the most important events in life such as marriage,

finding a job and moving to a new house.

In this respect, the researchers conducted a study on some Filipino

families especially in the urban areas of Las Piñas. The researchers chose to
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focus the study on these areas to discover more about the practices of

superstitions and family traditions among Filipinos. The researchers explored

about the famous superstitions and the family traditions of Filipino that still

exist today and how these affected their lives.

RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This section contains a thorough review of relevant literature and

related studies, both foreign and local literature. It is envisioned by the

researchers that the gathered literature and studies will serve as back drop

for the present study.

Foreign Literature

On Superstitions

Many people believe that superstitious beliefs originated during the

earliest days of humanity. Human beings attempted to create an

understandable world of powers that could be influenced by actions. The

earliest superstitions were created as a way to deal with ignorance and fear

of the unknown (Emereole et al. 2011). Superstitions are thus, a way of

attempting to regain control over events, particularly when one feels

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helpless. They are born from casual coincidences and learned behaviors.

The origin of certain superstitions may be centuries old, having been passed

down from generation to generation through observational learning process.

Some seem more widespread from nation to nation and some superstitions

are cultures specific. It is more common among certain groups of people and

varies from culture to culture. Some superstitions are considered harmless

and may even be helpful in encouraging people to achieve their goals,

attributing result to an unrelated cause. In fact, some people depend on luck

through superstitious beliefs.

Dresslar (2016) defines superstition as the willingness and a phyletic,

instinctive desire to believe in certain causal relations, which have not and

cannot be proved to exist through a course of reasoning, through revelation

or through direct observation. He finds in them a strong element of fear, and

states that they grow out of a naive belief in the all-pervasiveness of mind or

spirit. He states that superstitions have been used to frighten people into

behaving according to the dominant social ideals; that they have been useful

in teaching people, by means of taboo, to be careful of their health; that they

have been used as teaching devices to train people into habits of

carefulness and economy; that they have been used as curative agents; and

that they have been used as a means of relieving minds from the strain of
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indecision. Belief in luck prevents many people from reliance on a rational

self-helpfulness, and it incites men to gamble where the odds are strongly

against them.

In traditional societies, members are brought up from infancy to view

natural phenomena around them from the perspective of supernatural forces.

This observation is a peculiar characteristic of the third world countries that

are constituted by superstitious societies (Muti, 2016).

According to Conklin (2012), belief in superstitions attributed their

knowledge to parents, their elders, or other associates. Superstitions

regarding domestic and social affairs were found to be more prevalent

among the women. Women were found to have a greater number of

superstitions than men, and they do not apparently outgrow such beliefs as

easily as men. Conklin also states that new superstitions are created easily.

Studies within the realm of educational psychology, especially within

the past two or three decades, have indicated are influenced by a great

number of superstitious beliefs. These beliefs range from a simple faith in

luck to delusions bordering upon paranoia.

Peters (2013) emphasizes that superstitions cause emphasis to be

put in the wrong places at an impressionable period, and that they furnish
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irrational regulations which interfere with the most proficient freedom of

development.

Valeed (2016) pointed that after all this modernization and

enlightenment that has taken place, superstitious beliefs still persists in our

societies.

Sources of Superstitious Beliefs

From the dawn of human existence people have held superstitious

beliefs. These are the irrational beliefs that an object, action or circumstance

not logically related to a course of events influences its outcome.

Superstitions have been there, now for a long period of time. In this

travel in history, people from diverse cultures have added their part of blind

beliefs in them. The sources which might have been a great source for such

superstitions are: Leaders/Governments, Elders, Cultures, Imaginative

stories, Scholars and Myths.

Why people tend to become superstitious?

Valeed (2016), in his article mentions that “People feel very desperate

to find reasons for all the misfortunes they come across. Being superstitious

helps them to hide their mistakes by blaming luck, which according to them

no one can control except God.”

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A feeling of lack of control over their life fuels many people’s desire to

impose order and structure on the [Link] less control people have over

their lives, the more likely they are to try to regain control through mental

gymnastics.

Feelings of control are so essential to people that a lack of control is

menacing. While some misperceptions can be bad or lead one astray, they

are awfully common and most likely satisfy a deep and enduring

psychological need. Some more reasons which make people superstitious

are as follows: worrying about life, having a strong need of control and do not

like ambiguity in their life.

Superstitions are also closely associated with healing and medicine.

For most people in the developing world, modern medicine is very expensive

and often simply unobtainable. Hence, many seek cures or try to take

preventive measures by turning to ancestral customs, spiritism, and

superstitions. They also feel more comfortable dealing with a witch doctor

who knows their customs and speaks their dialect than with a medical doctor.

Superstitious beliefs are thus kept alive.

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Psychologists and anthropologists suggest that individuals who follow

superstitious practices do so to cope with misfortune and uncertainty and to

make sense of a complex world.

Other research has suggested that superstitious beliefs can endure if

the probability of them being exposed as untrue is low. If there is always

some chance of a bad outcome when following superstition and some

chance of a good outcome when not, an individual might never realize that it

is untrue and continue to follow it.

Whatever the reasoning, given its potential impact on human and

economic development, understanding and quantifying the impact

superstition has on our economic lives is important for a variety of reasons,

especially in guiding and developing policy.

How superstitions affect lives?

Everyone has at least one superstition that he/she follows, whether

she/he will admit it or not. Whether it's from a certain religion, or a legend

passed down from his/her ancestors. It's in our human nature to come up

with something to believe in, however obscure and ridiculous it may be.

Many of these superstitions can dramatically affect a person's

life. Consequently, superstitions may become an obsession to a person and

make his life a real nightmare, because he would notice superstitious

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everywhere around him. They are powerful and can influence people how to

behave and act in everyday life. They are also very mysterious.

According to a Gallup poll, almost 50 percent of Americans are

superstitious, believing that certain rituals, like wearing unmatched socks,

will influence the likelihood of an event, like pitching a no-hitter. Yet few

people—or polls—attempt to determine exactly what force connects such

rituals with such outcomes.

Until now, that is. In a 2010 paper entitled "Keep Your Fingers

Crossed! How Superstitions Improves Performance”, researchers Lysann

Damisch, Barbara Stoberock, and Thomas Mussweiler (2012) argue that not

only do superstitions give people a sense of control in chaotic situations, but

also that superstitions create directly observable performance improvements.

In one experiment, twenty-eight college students were asked to make ten

attempts to putt a golf ball. A pretest showed that more than 80 percent of

them believed in good luck, so while handing the ball over to the participants,

the experimenter said, “Here is your ball. So far it has turned out to be a

lucky ball” (which experimenters dubbed the superstition-activated condition)

or “This is the ball everyone has used so far” (which experimenters dubbed

the control condition). Results showed that subjects who'd been given a

"lucky ball" performed better than subjects given a "normal" ball. In another
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experiment reported in the same paper, when subjects were allowed to

perform a task in the presence of a lucky charm they'd brought with them

from home, their performance was better than those whose lucky charms

were removed while they were performing the task. The subjects who were

allowed to keep their lucky charms with them also reported a higher sense of

self-efficacy. Anxiety levels were identical between the two groups, however.

The researchers then performed another experiment. The same

subjects with and without their lucky charms were asked to work anagram

problems. Researchers again found those subjects who were allowed to

keep their lucky charms with them performed better — and this time they

identified the reason: the increased sense of self-efficacy experienced by the

subjects who had their lucky charms with them led to them to persist in trying

to solve the anagrams longer. In other words, when it comes to tasks whose

outcome depends on our performance, believing that some other power is

helping us actually does help us — not because such external powers exist,

but because our belief in them enhances our confidence, which translates

into real-world differences in persistence.

Kristance Harlow (2016) pointed that raising children is confusing and

stressful, which is why new parents rely on traditional wisdom and the

experiences of others to help guide their decisions. But what one person
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considers traditional knowledge, another may interpret as bizarre or

irrational. In psychology, this phenomenon is called magical thinking. When it

comes to children, superstitions arise out of a need to exert control over the

randomness of life and the difficulty of parenting. Parents act on superstitions

to protect their offspring from the dangerous, unpredictable outside world.

On the other hand, the majority of the common superstitions which

are held by most persons are, in themselves, relatively harmless and

inoffensive, but the attitude which permits their acceptance is not on

incompatible with intellectual progress but is the attitude which permits

epidemics of hysteria and irrationality to develop and become incorporated

within our national consciousness.

The individual who cannot protect himself against superstitious

notions is likely to be readily swayed by insidious propaganda and is an easy

prey for charlatans in all departments of society. Belief in these common

superstitions causes the individual many small irritations and senseless

worries which not only lessen his ability in the ordinary affairs of life but

cause him no small amount of mental discomfort.

The tendency of people to allow themselves to be influenced in their

conduct by irrational beliefs which they themselves fully realize to be false

produces an attitude of hypocrisy that is a barrier to intellectual progress.

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Huxley (2017), in this respect, holds that if people will but adhere to the plain

rule of not pretending to believe what they have no reason to believe, they

will not have reached the lowest depth of immorality.

We know that Friday and Sunday are just as good as any of the days

of the week upon which to transact matters of business or pleasure, yet

business men often refuse to make decisive transactions upon Friday; and

Sunday has been mutilated in many ways by socio-comic controversies and

unfair legislative enactments.

Superstitions relating to other communal affairs have effectively

prevented the much needed dissemination of eugenic information and other

positive social controls. Belief in luck prevents the reliance upon self-

helpfulness that is an indispensable asset in character development. This

belief contributes to an attitude of carelessness toward all things and fosters

the notion within the individual that the “world owes him a living." From such

relatively insignificant sources springs an unfathomable amount of crime,

injustice, vice and misery. The superstitious individual faces the realities of

the world with the mind of a savage and with small protection against the

cunning of avaricious schemers.

On Family Traditions
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Family tradition, also called Family culture, is defined as an aggregate

of attitudes, ideas, and environment, which a person inherits from his/her

parents and ancestors.

The study of Family tradition and personality has attracted attention of

social scientists. Ernest W. Burgess, Professor of Sociology, University of

Chicago, has defined the term in these words:

“Whatever its biological inheritance from its parents and

other ancestors, the child receives also from them a heritage of

attitudes, sentiments, and ideals which may be termed the family

tradition or the family culture”.

In the same vein, Thill (2018) mentioned that a family tradition is a

set of behaviors that is repeated and that is symbolically meaningful.

Family traditions provide families with a sense of identity and belonging.

They often stir up strong emotions and are frequently reminisced about

and discussed within the family. Family traditions also provide a sense of

continuity across generations. In other words, they are a way of

transmitting family values, history, and culture from one generation to the

next.

Sometimes, family traditions are associated with practices and beliefs

which are handed over from one generation to the next generation, and
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during this process of transmission such family traditions also acquire an

aura of spirituality. Transmission of any set of such family traditions,

acquiring spiritual significance, is largely an intuitive phenomenon, and the

flow of family traditions continue without any intention, and the same

continue to move on from one generation to the next generation. Family

traditions for most of the families remain largely confined within the family

members, but sometimes, non-family members may also get associated with

particular family's family traditions.

Functioning of family traditions

Halbwachs in his book On Collective Memory discusses how

memories of the family function. He also states that “In addition to

regulations that are common to a whole society, there existing customs and

modes of thinking with each particular family that equally impose — and

even more forcibly — their form on the opinions and feelings of their

members... Similarly, in the most traditional societies of today, each family

has its proper mentality, its memories which it alone commemorates, and its

secrets that are revealed only to its members. But these memories, as in the

religious traditions of the family of antiquity, consist not only of a series of

individual images of the past. They are at the same time models, examples,
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and elements of teaching. They express the general attitude of the group;

they not only reproduce its history but also define its nature and its qualities

and weaknesses.”

Meaningful family traditions have always been a valuable tool for

parents and elders to carry out the responsibility of raising children and

inculcating into them social values and ethos.

According to Jay Sparks (2016) visiting and speaking with older family

members can teach us about our family traditions and the stories behind

them. Having a family narrative is healthy and influences the rising

generation. In his book, The Secrets of Happy Families, Bruce Feiler records

a conversation he had with Marshall Duke, a professor at Emory University,

“You can keep a treasured family tradition alive by putting it into practice,

recording it with photos, an audio file or a video file. Then teach family

members the story behind the tradition. You may also find it necessary to

modify an existing tradition. For example, a tradition that may work for a

family with toddlers may not work when those toddlers become teenagers.”

Family traditions ensure that the warmth and closeness of family

bondage grow. Active family traditions and meaningful participation in them

help families to avoid social entropy. In physical science, the term

entropy means the tendency of the physical system to lose energy and
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coherence over a period of time, like a gas dissipating until it is all but gone.

An "entropic family" is one that loses its sense of emotional closeness

because members neglect the family’s inner life and community ties.

Social scientists now agree that effective family traditions promote a

sense of identity and a feeling of closeness, a sense of security and

assurance in today’s fast, hectic, and ever-changing world. William Doherty,

a social scientist has explained in his book "The Intentional Family" that as

family bonds are weakened by busy lifestyles, families can stay connected

only by being intentional about maintaining important rituals and traditions.

Local Literature

Concept of Filipino superstitions

The Philippines is a country filled with superstition and various beliefs.

Many lands in our country still aren't urbanized and cling to old traditions.

However, even sub-urban and more modern regions have a largely

superstitious population.

Felix Fojas wrote a blog post about this issue entitled, "Superstitious

Beliefs of Filipinos." According to the article, regardless of the level of

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modernization they have reached, many Filipino cities still brew with beliefs

in mysticism and the occult.

Felix says, "Like any other racial group in the world, present-day

Filipinos have their own set of superstitious beliefs they have inherited from

their ancestors. Such superstitions cover all departments of life like building

a house, birth, romance, marriage, how to attract good luck and shoo away

bad luck, promotion of sound health and avoiding sickness, and superstitions

on death itself"

Even in Manila, the Capital of the Philippines. Several festivals are

celebrated that involve interaction with supernatural forces; an example

would be Chinese New year wherein fireworks are launched in the air in

order to ward away evil spirits.

Superstition and a powerful sense of belief have played very

important roles, not just in our culture but in our daily lives, and even

survival. Our country constantly gets attacked by various natural calamities

ranging from earthquakes to typhoons...mostly typhoons.

In the Article "Surviving the Typhoon" Written by Jesse Hyde, the story

is one of faith and struggle in the face of certain death. Despite the odds

being against them, they held on to their faith as it was the only thing they

could do hold on to in this time of desperation.

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Jesse Writes "One of the sisters suggested they pray. They huddled

closely together, bowed their heads, and with the rain dripping down their

chins, asked God to make the water stop. And then, in what Sister Smith

could only describe as the greatest miracle of her life, the sea stopped

rising"

Even under the threat of nature’s wrath, many Filipinos still cling on to

life believing that their pain would soon end. This would not be possible

without a keen sense of faith. As many Filipinos who struggle to hold on only

that.

These Superstitions and beliefs may actually have a link to a natural

phenomenon called "the Placebo effect". This is a phenomenon where in if a

person’s belief in something is so high, it can actually happen.

The article "How the Placebo Works" written by Shanna Freeman

explains that there have been many cases wherein medicines that had no

potential at all to cure their patients were actually able to just because their

patients so highly believed in the effects the doctor claimed they would have.

Shanna Explains "Placebos have been shown to work in about 30

percent of patients, and they've been used by doctors for ages. In fact, they
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were often the only thing that a doctor could offer to relieve suffering, other

than his or her attention and support. Some researchers believe that

placebos simply evoke a psychological response."

One could observe that due to the large collection of Philippine

Cultures, Superstition has become one of the most influential factors in daily

lives. This can be seen everywhere, from Rosaries slung over mirror heads,

people saying "Tabitabipo" when crossing unfamiliar territory, blessing of

houses etc.

In the Article "Superstitious" written by Michael Tan, it explains that as

the culture of society advances, people still begin to spring forth new kinds of

superstitions fashioned in what can be seen in this modern culture.

Michael writes "Colds and illnesses are always inviting new

superstitions, including modern ones. Many of us take mega-doses of

vitamin C when we feel a cold is coming; yet, medical studies have never

been conclusive about vitamin C’s efficacy for those colds (or, for that matter,

many other illnesses which the ads claim vitamin C can prevent). Some

people will claim, from personal experiences, that vitamin C works, but does

it really?”
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Superstitions are usually formed because a person wants to have

some sort of control in his fate. This is why people tend to hold on to them.

Knowing what's going to happen in the future without any real evidence gives

someone the feeling that he or she can control his or her own destiny.

To have a belief in a superstition is not at all wrong, this paper focuses

on how having a superstitious belief/s could positively influence someone’s

life.

In the Philippines, several studies related to superstitious beliefs were

also conducted by different researchers. Among others, Rosa (2012) made a

preliminary study on possibilities of weakening or undermining common

superstitious beliefs among Filipinos through the teaching of general science

in the public schools. Likewise, Arada (2014) studied the relationship of

intelligence-test scores, educational attainment, and sex to superstitious

beliefs. Meanwhile, Amor (2013) had done a thesis on magical and

superstitious beliefs and practices of the Subanons in Zamboanga. Zabala

(2015) also conducted a thesis on prevalent superstitious beliefs among

college students. Moreover, Flores (2018) and Catacutan (2012) also

surveyed superstitious beliefs and practices concerning pregnancy and

childbirth while Fernandez (2013) worked on superstitions about health

beliefs and practices of the people in selected barangays of Gingoog City.

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Others work on superstitious beliefs were related to business and agriculture

such as those of .Cabuntucan (2013); Tabaza (2017); Villanueva (2011).

Lastly, Kenoh (2017) worked on superstitious beliefs of the Muslims of Sulu

and their implication on health education.

On Filipino family traditions

Family tradition of Filipinos is a big reflection of great and complex

history. It is influenced by most of the people who have interacted with. A

blend of the Malayo-Polynesian and Hispanic culture with the influence from

Chinese, Indians Arabs, and other Asian cultures really contribute to the

customs and traditions of the Filipinos.

Family traditions of Filipinos are unique compared to other Asian

countries, and beliefs apply every day in the life of the Filipinos and reveal

how rich and blessed the culture the people have.

Some of the popular Filipino family traditions and find the similarities

that bind Filipinos to each other are: First is Mano Po. When children or

young people greet or say goodbye to their elders they typically do so by

taking the right hand of the elder with their right hand and touch the back the

elder's hand lightly on their forehead. It is a way of giving respect to the

elders and I believe that is also a way of receiving blessing to the

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elders. Mano is a Spanish word for “hand” while Po is used in the end of the

sentence when addressing elders or superiors.

Next is that Filipinos are one of the most hospitable people you may

find anywhere. Foreign visitors in the country are treated with the utmost

respect. This trait is usually seen during fiestas and holidays where many

Filipinos are giving their best to entertain their visitors well.

It is amazing to see that even the simplest home along the road

opens their home to a stranger. For Filipinos, to be able to serve others

gives them honor of showing true friendship. Filipino Hospitality is a trait you

can't take away from them.

Having Close Family Ties is also one of their unique traits. It is one of

the outstanding cultural values that Filipinos have. The family takes care of

each other and taught to be loyal to family and elders by simply obeying

their authorities. This is one of the unique characteristics of Filipinos. Having

fondness for family reunions during secular and religious holidays such as

Christmas, New Year’s eve, All Saints’ Day, Holy Week, Fiestas,

homecomings, birthdays, weddings, graduations, baptisms, funerals etc. is

evidence that Filipino people valued not only our cultural tradition but the

spirit of our family. As Filipinos, we are blessed to have been brought up

with strong family ties.

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Bayanihan, it is the spirit of communal unity or effort to achieve a

particular objective. A famous example of this is the neighbors carrying a hut

or house to a new location. People nowadays use it to describe an

outpouring of community spirit-as people give their all to the common good,

without expecting recognition or personal gain.

[Link] Filipinos are very romantic when it comes to heart

affairs. Serenading or Harana in Tagalog is one of the most popular forms of

courtship to show that a man is very serious with his intentions to a woman.

A serenade would require the young man to sing a love song in front of the

young lady's house. Normally, he is accompanied by his male friends who

act as back-up singers. The man himself or his friend played the instrument,

usually a guitar, which provides the background music to his song.

They would have to wait until the young lady opened a window to

listen. It would be up to her if she wanted to invite them in for some

refreshment and to chat after the song. Even if they had been asked to

come in, the suitor would not expect that he could have the chance of a

private moment with his object of affection. It was highly likely that the

parents would also be there to entertain the man and his friends.

Faith. The Philippines is one of two predominantly Roman Catholic

nations in Asia-Pacific. Their habit of going to church and often praying

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reflects that Filipinos have a deep faith and belief when it comes to religion.

They are very devoted to religions that sometimes many take the risk of

their lives just to touch the Black Nazarine (in Quiapo Manila). For many, it

is just a choice between their faith and [Link] believe that having a

strong devotion may lead to a better life and their guidance to face everyday

life.

Food. The Philippines is considered the melting pot of Asia. The rich

medley of Chinese, Malay, Spanish, Mexican, American, and Indian cooking

are noticed in Philippine cuisine. Eating out is one of the favorite Filipino

pasttimes. A typical Pinoy diet consists at most of six meals a day; breakfast,

snacks, lunch, snacks, dinner, and again a midnight snack before going to

sleep. Rice is a staple in the Filipino diet, and is usually eaten together with

other dishes. Filipinos regularly use spoons together with forks and knives.

Some also eat with their hands, especially in informal settings, and when

eating seafood.

Other popular dishes brought from Spanish and Southeast Asian

influences include afritada, asado, chorizo, empanadas, mani (roasted

peanuts), paksiw (fish or pork, cooked in vinegar and water with some

spices like garlic and pepper), pan de sal (bread rolls), pescadofrito (fried or
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grilled fish), sisig, torta (omelette), kare-kare (ox-tail stew), kilawen, pinakbet

(vegetable stew), pinapaitan, and sinigang (tamarind soup with a variety of

pork, fish, or prawns). Some delicacies eaten by some Filipinos may seem

unappetizing to the Western palate include balut (boiled egg with a fertilized

duckling inside), longanisa (sweet sausage), and dinuguan (soup made from

pork blood).

Popular snacks and desserts such as chicharon (deep fried pork or

chicken skin), halo-halo (crushed ice with evaporated milk, leche flan, and

sliced tropical fruit),puto (white rice cakes), bibingka (rice cake with butter or

margarine and salted eggs), ensaymada (sweet roll with grated cheese on

top), polvoron (powder candy), and tsokolate (chocolate) are usually eaten

outside the three main meals. Popular Philippine beverages include San

Miguel Beer, Tanduay Rhum,coconut arrack, and tuba.

Every province has its own specialty and tastes vary in each region.

In Bicol, for example, foods are generally spicier than elsewhere in the

Philippines. Patis, suka, toyo, bagoong, and banana catsup are the most

common condiments found in Filipino homes and restaurants. Western fast

food chains such as McDonald's, Wendy's, KFC, and Pizza Hut are a

common sight in the country. A roasted pig known as the Lechón, is one of

the Philippines most popular dishes.

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Marriage. In the country, marriage is a sacred union of man and

woman after a period of courtship and engagement. It is a sacrament

between two people who love each other. For many Filipinos, the eternal

quality of dedication to God pervades a truly sacred marriage. A sacred

marriage is a covenant between two who love each other in God and with

God, whose joining becomes an expression of the desire of each to love

and serve God together.

Death. Death in the Philippines is one of the most important

occasions in family life. For many Filipinos, a death of relatives is an

opportunity to strengthen ties in the Family. To pay respect and honor the

relationship to the deceased, long lost relatives, friends, and even relatives

working abroad are reunited.

The Philippines is the home of some unique death rituals that are

partly religious and mostly superstitious. The mourning and the weeping are

still present, but a happy and welcoming atmosphere would usually envelop

the place to help the deceased on his journey to the afterlife.

After the death of a person, a nine-day period of having a novena of

prayers and masses offered up to the deceased is held, although the

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beginning of the "Siyam na araw" varies, but usually ends the week after the

death. Another period follows after death, the 40-day mourning period.

Family members indicate their state of bereavement by wearing a small,

black rectangular plastic pin on their left breast or breast pocket area. A

ceremonial mass is held at the end of this 40-day period. Common belief

states that the soul goes to Heaven after these 40 days, following the belief

that Jesus Christ ascended to Heaven after the said period of days.

The primary ancestors of Filipinos are Malays who came from the

southeastern Asian country which is now called Indonesia. The Philippines

is

a combined society, both singular and plural in form. It is singular as

one nation, but plural in that it is fragmented geographically and culturally.

The nation is divided between Christians, Muslims, and other religious-

ethno-linguistic groups; between urban and rural people; between upland

and lowland people; and between the rich and the poor. Although different in

numerous ways, the Filipinos are very hospitable and give appropriate

respect to everybody regardless of race, culture and belief.

Christmas in the Philippines is considered as one of the biggest

holidays in the archipelago. We earned the distinction of celebrating the

world’s longest Christmas season with Christmas carols heard as early as

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September and lasting until Epiphany, the feast of the Black Nazarene on

January 9 or the Feast of the Santo Niño de Cebú on the third Sunday of

January.

In one’s article, Archbishop Cruz told in his Christmas message that

"the essence of Christmas is God made flesh, God who has come among

us" in an act of love "that joins humankind to the Living God through our

Lord Jesus Christ".

For many Filipinos, the true essence of Christmas for is not gift giving

but sharing this special holy day with family.

Every town and city in the Philippines has a fiesta of its own;

whatever time of the year it is, there's sure to be a fiesta going on

somewhere.

Fiestas in the Philippines are held to celebrate a patron saint. It is part

and parcel of Filipino culture through good times and bad times, it must go

on. The biggest and most elaborate festival of all is Christmas, a season

celebrated with all the pomp and pageantry where the whole country breaks

out in celebrations that can begin long before December.

For individual Filipinos, fiestas can be a way of supplicating the

heavens or to make amends for past wrongs. It is a way to celebrate their

blessings, commemorate their past and observe solemn religious rituals.

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Celebrations may take the form of music, dancing, feasting, beauty

contests, balls, processions, sports challenges or a host of other events.

Spanish influence is evident in the elaborate masks, makeup,

headdresses and costumes worn by the revelers; outfits which often take

months of preparation.

Filipinos highly value the presence of family more than anything. Adult

children living with their parents are another Filipino traditional that make

them exceptional. Unlike in the United States where children leave the

home after finishing high school or college, many Filipinos continue living

with parents until they get married.

One Filipinos identity is that they are eating using a fork and a spoon.

The fork is place in the left hand while the spoon is in the right hand. Fork is

used to place or push the food into the spoon which is held by the right

hand.

Since rice is the main staple of the Filipinos at almost every meal, the fork

and spoon method is ideal. It is believe that the use of a spoon and a fork is

perfect for the way Southeast Asians prepare and cook their food. Unlike the

Americans who like their meats and other food items in big slabs and

humongous chunks, Southeast Asians generally prepare their dishes in bite-

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sized pieces -- chopped, minced or ground -- thus leaving no real need for a

knife.

In addition to the use of the fork and spoon, eating with your hands or

kamayan is another common Filipino tradition. For many Filipinos, kamayan

gives full taste to the food instead of using utensils. Gather a small portion

of meat or fish and a bite-sized portion of rice on your plate. Then use all

your fingers to gather the food into a small mountain or mound. Pick up the

little mound and put it in your mouth using your thumb to gently push the

food in.

Filipinos usually eat rice that has a slightly sticky consistency so

making the little mounds is easier than if you were to use a jasmine or

basmati rice. Of course, this method of eating doesn't work with soup/stew

or noodles and other kinds of food but for your basic plate of rice, meat/fish

and vegetables it works quite well.

According to Ron Siojo (2010) Philippine beliefs and superstition have

grown in number throughout the various regions and provinces in the

country. These beliefs have come from the different saying and superstitions

of our ancestors that aim to prevent danger from happening or to make a

person refrain from doing something in particular. These beliefs are part of

our culture, for one derives their beliefs from the influences of what their
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customs, traditions and culture have dictated to explain certain phenomena

or to put a scare in people. Many Filipinos believed about the wrath of God

as punishment for the sins of man in the form of natural disasters (typhoons,

floods, landslides, earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions).

According to fat-like-buddha (2016) The Philippine culture has very

strict dating traditions. Both men and women need to follow traditional steps

in which the man is the pursuer. Women should not show her interest and

they should play hard to get as part of their tradition. This is a way for the

man to show his interest in her. As the Philippines has become more

westernized, these traditions have also slowly vanished. The people of the

Philippines are chocked full of superstitions. Weddings defiantly don’t elude

the superstitious in the Philippines.

SYNTHESIS

The related literature and studies reviewed for the purpose of the

study have provided the researchers additional ideas, knowledge and better

understanding of the research objectives with regard to superstitions and

family traditions. From them the researchers were able to formulate the

conceptual framework and the viability of the study.

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The reviewed literatures are significantly related to the present study

since these are used by the researchers as the anchorage of the study. The

variables indicated are to some extent the same with the present study.

Meanwhile, foreign studies conducted are to some extent relevant to

the present study since they are given the researchers additional pointers on

superstitions and family traditions. Their studies, however, differ with the

present study such as in utilizing concept variables and respondents.

Equally relevant were the local studies presented since these studies

discussed how superstitious beliefs and family traditions affect the lives of

Filipino people. The studies however, differed on respondents and design

utilized in the present study.

In conclusion of the similarities and differences, it can be deduced that

this study has been basically dependent on the availability of reviewed

literature and related studies that would greatly contribute towards achieving

success of this study. Moreover, the present study, having similarities with

several literature and studies aims at finding out the concept and

understanding superstitious beliefs and family traditions which globally

prevail.

The literature and studies gave the researchers the sufficient

background of the problem on hand and provided them some insights into a
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deeper understanding of the methods to be used in determining the solution

to the problem.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The study is anchored on two theories, first is the Social cognitive

theory (SCT) advanced by Bandura (2002), it is widely used in psychology,

education, and communication, holds that portions of an individual's

knowledge acquisition can be directly related to observing others within the

context of social interactions, experiences, and outside media influences.

The theory states that when people observe a model performing a behavior

and the consequences of that behavior, they remember the sequence of

events and use this information to guide subsequent behaviors. Observing a

model can also prompt the viewer to engage in behavior they already

learned.

In other words, people do not learn new behaviors solely by trying

them and either succeeding or failing, but rather, the survival of humanity is

dependent upon the replication of the actions of others. Depending on

whether people are rewarded or punished for their behavior and the outcome

of the behavior, the observer may choose to replicate behavior modeled.

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Similar to this theory is the theory of Planned Behavior advanced by

Beck &Forstmeier, (2007) as human beings tend to learn from observing the

events around them is capable of learning through observation and is

susceptible to becoming superstitious. When learning a Superstitious

Behavior (SB), humans compare the odds that any outcome is random to the

odds that the outcome was more than chance (Beck &Forstmeier, 2007). The

author’s explained that humans naturally assess situations similar to

statistical analysis. For example, according to the authors, if a performer has

a successful outcome and attributes this outcome to something unrelated to

the performance, this would then create the superstition.

The theories presented has helped the researchers realize the

necessary elements for establishing a paradigm necessary in

analyzingsuperstitious beliefs and family tradition of selected family-

participants, thus, the formulation of the paradigm is illustrated and labeled in

Figure 1.
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CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Superstitious
Superstitious Analysis
Analysis of
of
Beliefs and
Beliefs and Superstitiou
Superstitiou Basis
Basis for
for
s
s Beliefs
Beliefs and
and
Family
Family Compendium
Compendium
Family
Family
Traditions of
Traditions of
Traditions
Traditions of
of
Participants
Participants the
the
Participants
Participants

Figure 1: Paradigm of the Study

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The study made use of the IPO System as presented in figure 1.

The first block, Input, (I) showed the different variables to be explored

from the study. It illustrated the superstitious beliefs and family traditions of

the family-participants.

The second block, Process, (P) illustrated the process showing the

objectives and relevance of the information gathered from the family-

participants on the study conducted. Specifically, it showed the analysis of

the family-participants’ superstitious beliefs and traditions.

The third block, Output, (O) was the result of the Input (I) and Process

(P) which yielded the basis for compendium.

The paradigm guided the researchers in analyzing the different

variables that have strong influence in attaining the desired output.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This research is deemed to assess the superstitions belief and family

traditions that still exist today, thus a basis for compendium.

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following research

questions:
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1. What were the superstitious beliefs of the selected families in Las

Pinas City?
2. What were the Family traditions observed by the selected families in

Las Pinas City?

3. How do superstitious beliefs affect the lives of the participants?
4. How do family traditions affect the lives of the participants?
5. Based on the findings of this study, what superstitious beliefs and

family traditions can be a basis for compendium?

ASSUMPTION
Superstitious belief and family traditions are still present among

Filipino families since the beginning of time and have been passed on

through the generations, culturally shared and transmitted.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study focuses on the existence of superstitious belief and family

traditions on the daily lives of the participants. It also emphasizes the

superstition and family traditions and their significance to the participants.

Only the superstitious belief and family traditions of the selected families are

being analyzed in the study.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research conducts the helpful outcomes of Superstitious beliefs

and Family traditions to the Filipino lives. With this, we may provide certain
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correlation regarding its practices and beliefs of Filipino people that still in

practice today.

The COLLEGE STUDENTS. This will serve as a source of additional

knowledge and idea about the superstitious beliefs and family tradition.A

Filipino student studying anthropology would benefit on this research

because of the information it has regarding various Filipino beliefs.

The FILIPINO FAMILY. Filipinos are very superstitious. The beliefs

have great influence in their day to day life. Many people still believe that

these superstitious beliefs can help them cope with life; although many new

generations aren't affected by the beliefs and consider them only part of the

old ways.

The SPORTS MEN OR PEOPLE WHO ARE VERY SPORTY. It is

very helpful to the person who is very sporty especially when that person

believes in real luck. He or she can help her or his team to win because of

this superstition. And he or she takes this superstition as opportunities to

gain with flying color.

The FUTURE RESEARCHERS, this will serve as their guide in

conducting researchers related to the topic at hand; it may also serve as a

comparative measure for them whether there is a change on some of the

gathered data or even with the results of the analysis of data.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS

For specificity and better understanding of the study, the following

terms are defined conceptually and operationally.

Superstition. This refers to an irrational and abject attitude of mind toward

the supernatural, nature, or God.

Superstitious belief. This refers to the belief in the power and effectiveness

of superstitions. For this study, the operational definition of a superstitious

belief will refer to superstitions that use both ritualistic behaviors or a

keepsake meaningful object.

Family traditions. This refers to an aggregate of attitudes, ideas, and

environment, which a person inherits from his/her parents and ancestors. For

this study, this refers to the Filipino rituals practiced by the participants.
[Link] transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to

generation, or the fact of being passed on in this way. In this study, it refers

to the rituals practiced by the participants.

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CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the research design, participants of the study,

research instrument, and validation of the instrument.

RESEARCH DESIGN
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The study used qualitative method in analyzing and interpreting the

obtained data. According to Creswell (1994), Qualitative Method of research is

defined as an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem,

based on building a complex, holistic picture, formed with words, reporting

detailed views of informants, and conducted a natural setting. It involves

philosophical assumptions that guide the direction of the collection of analysis

of data and qualitative approaches in many cases in the research process.

The study involved an investigative process where the researcher

makes sense of a social phenomenon by collecting, comparing, classifying,

analyzing and interpreting the object of the study.

Qualitative method does not involve measurement or statistics. It

focuses to gain understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and

motivations and allow participants in the interview to supply answer in their

own words.

PARTICIPANTS OF THE STUDY

Since it is generally impossible to study an entire population of Filipino

families, the researchers only chose five (5) families conducted in the City of

Las Piñas but the researchers must keep in mind that the ideal scenario is to

test all the individuals to obtain reliable, valid and accurate results.
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The table below shows the profile of the participants of the study.

Number of Codename of the

Family members participants in the
of the family study

Family no. 1 6 Believer Family

Family no. 2 5 Fiesta Family

Family no. 3 4 Miracle Family

Family no. 4 6 Practice Family

Family no. 5 6 Orderliness Family

RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS (Self Made)

The research instrument used in this study was an open-ended face to

face interview. Interviews give a direct data and generate answer faster.

However, the researchers also made questionnaire checklist to gather the

needed data for the study.

VALIDATION OF INSTRUMENT

The expert faculty members validated the guide questions for the

interview. Their corrections and suggestions were incorporated in the draft

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for the next stage of validation. Another five (5) families located in Las Piñas

City will be interviewed. Their responses were tested for reliability.

Chapter 3
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter contains the results and discussions of data gathered

and organized in the study conducted. It also discusses the implications of

the data gathered in the previously stated problems.

1. What are the superstitious beliefs of the selected participants in

Las pinas City?

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As the result of the interview guide question number one (1), three (3)

out of five (5) family participants said they still believe in superstitions.

BELIEVER FAMILY asserts “Oo naman anak. Minana ko pa yan sa mga

ninuno ko eh” (Sure child, I have inherited these from my ancestors). For

the FIESTA FAMILY, “yes, para sa`kin wala namang mawawala kapag

magpapaniwala ako diyan” (yes, in my own opinion nothing will lose if we

believe in that). MIRACLE FAMILY “sa probinsiya namin madaming mga

pamahiin talaga. At oo, kasi kinaugalian na din namin kasi iyon” (in our

province, surely there are plenty superstitious beliefs that are being

practiced). This is in conjunction to study of Valeed (2016) that after all this

modernization and enlightenment that has taken place, superstitious beliefs

still persist in our societies.

On the other hand, two families asserted, PRACTICE FAMILY

answered “ay hindi na kami naniniwala sa ganyan..haka-haka lang naman

yan” (Oh! we do not believein superstitious anymore…these are just

hunches) and ORDERLINESS FAMILY answered “wala namang pa tototo

yang mga pamahiin na yan kaya hindi na” (there are no truths in believing

with superstitious so we do not believe in these anymore). By way of

implication, according to Peters (2013) superstitions cause emphasis to be

put in the wrong places at an impressionable period, and that they furnish
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irrational regulations which interfere with the most proficient freedom of

development.

The following are the three (3) out of five (5) family participants who

still believe in superstition.

BELIEVER FAMILY “food must not bring to the other house,

naniniwala din kame sa pagpag, itim na pusa ay malas pati na rin ang basag

na salamin. At siempre sa multo din talaga” (food must not be brought to the

other house, we also believe in black cats are sinister as well as broken

glass,a nd of course the ghost is really true). FIESTA FAMILY “kami galling

kami sa probinsya kaya naniniwala kami sa albularyo, Friday the 13 th, malas

daw sabi. Tapos naniniwala din kami sa basag na salamin, malas din at sa

pagpag pag may burol. Born again kami pero naniniwala pa din kami sa

pamahiin” (we came from the province so we believe in the shamans, Friday

the 13th, is also bad luck according to sayings. Then we also believe in

broken glass, and cleaning while in a funeral is also bad luck. We are born

again Christians but we believe in superstition). MIRACLE FAMILY “Kulam,

naniniwala talaga kami diyan. Albularyo din kasi ganyan ang nanay ko.

Tapos itim na pusa, basag na salamin, malas daw yun. Friday the 13 th tapos

multo at madami pa” (We surely believe in witchcraft. We believe in shamans

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because my mother is one. Then in the black cat, broken glass, those bring

bad luck. Friday the 13th, ghosts and many more).

Human beings attempted to create an understandable world of

powers that could be influenced by actions. According to Emeroele et al.

(2011) Superstitions are thus, a way of attempting to regain control over

events, particularly when one feels helpless. They are born from casual

coincidences and learned behaviors.

Greater number of the family participants still believed in superstitions,

it is a proof that there are still numbers of families who do believe in

superstitions even modernization is taking place in the society.

According to Valeed (2016) in his study “Why do people believe in

superstitions?” If their answer is yes then they are not alone and if no then

they might not want to accept it. From the dawn of human existence people

have held superstitious beliefs. These are the irrational beliefs that an object,

action or circumstance not logically related to a course of events influences

its outcome. People feel very desperate to find reasons for all the

misfortunes they come across. Being superstitious helps them to hide their

mistakes by blaming luck, which according to them no one can control

except God. New studies have revealed that stress makes people not only
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believe in rituals but also in conspiracy theories and as a result, they are

more likely to “see” things that actually do not exist.

2. What are the family traditions that are still observed of the

selected families in Las Pinas City?

It was revealed in this part that family traditions are great way

to share these stories that can strengthen our identity and help the

participants navigate life’s challenges. Family tradition is also a beliefs but it

is a practice and rituals, and may need to preserve for the future

generations. Base on the study of Jay Sparks (2016) emphasizes that “You

can keep a treasured family tradition alive by putting it into practice,

recording it with photos, an audio file or a video file. Then teach family

members the story behind the tradition. You may also find it necessary to

modify an existing tradition. For example, a tradition that may work for a

family with toddlers may not work when those toddlers become teenagers.

Some families may feel that there aren’t any traditions in their

family. With a little digging, you’d be surprised what has been passed down

through the generations. These traditions can enhance and solidify your

family culture. Of course, you can also create your own family traditions.

As BELIEVER FAMILY puts it “Kasal kasi sacramento yan eh. New

year, Christmas at madalas din kami mag celebrate ng birthday siempre.

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Bihira na kami mag sabay sabay kumain kasi pag gutom kakain na agad.

May curfew padin kame nakapag six (6) pm na nasa bahay na lahat ang

mga bata. Nagsisimba pa din kami ng sabay sabay at oo naman nag

mamano at bless pa din ang mga bata dito sa bahay” (Marriage because it a

sacrament. New Year, Christmas and we often celebrate birthdays, of

course. We hardly eat together because if one feels hungry, he would eat

right away. We still observe curfew. If it’s 6 ‘o clock in the evening all our

children should already be at home. We still hear mass simultaneously and

yes, we still practice the Mano Po tradition in our house).

In contrast, FIESTA FAMILY expressed “Sa kasal hindi na. Kasi sa

panahon ngayon puro live-in nalang. Parang wala na ang kasal. (With regard

to marriage, we do not believe in that anymore because now a days, living-in

with a partner has become a trend. We think weddings are

outdated).However, they still believe and practice Filipino family traditions

“Siempre New year, Noche Buena, birthday, at 40 days sa patay. Sumasama

din kami sa prusisyon kapag ka may pasyon. Oo naman nag po/opo pa din

ang mga anak ko. Malambing pa din sila” (Of course we celebrate New

Year’s Media Noche, Noche Buena, birthdays. With regard to mourning we

observe the 40-day ritual. We attend processions during the Passion of

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Christ. Yes, we still practice the po at opo as a sign of respect from our

children. There are so thoughtful).

MIRACLE FAMILY responded in this manner “ay madami kaming

tradisyon! Isa na diyan ang kasal, birthday, new year, Noche Buena, family

day, ano pa ba? Hmm nag sasabay sabay pa din kumain, nagsisimba pero

hindi madalas. Fathers’ day, Mothers’ day at ang mga bata magagalang

padin” (Oh! We have plenty traditions! One of these is marriage, celebrating

birthdays, New Year, Noche Buena, family day, and what else…Hmm, we eat

simultaneously. We go to church but often not simultaneously, we celebrate

Father’s Day, Mother’s Day and my children are still respectful).

PRACTICE FAMILY disclosed in this style “40 days sa patay at ang

mga anak at apo ko nagkikiss pa din yan sa pisngi” (We practice the 40-day

observance for the dead and my children still kisses us [parents] in the

cheeks).

Meanwhile, ORDERLINESS FAMILY articulated their family traditions

in this manner, “tradisyon. Siempre nagcecelebrate kami ng birthday, pasko,

bagong taon. Fathers’Day, Matagal nang walang namamatay sa family but

the kapitbahay is practicing 40 days so nakikikain kami. Sa pagkain una

muna ang mga anak then sunod kami ni mommy. Kumakain lang kami

sabay sabay pag may okasyon. Nagsisimba kami pero hindi sabay sabay.
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Yung unang part ng family sa umaga then the rest sa hapon. Sa anak

paminsan minsan nalang kung mag mano, except kapag may bisita kaming

matanda” (Tradition? Of course we still celebrate Birthdays, Christmas, New

Year, Father’s Day. It had been a long time that we have deaths in the family

but our neighbor is practicing the 40-days so we were invited to eat at their

house and observe the commemoration).

All of the family participants are practicing family traditions. Two (2)

out of five of the family participants revealed they don`t often eat meals

simultaneously because they`re busy in work and their children are busy in

school. One of the family participants still manage to enforce curfew rule to

their children (6 pm is the curfew). And it is good to hear that one (1) out of

five (5) selected participants (children/grandchild) are still practicing the

po/opo, pagmamano, bless and other sign of respect and courtesy. Over all,

the participants are practicing the similar Filipino family traditions.

3. How do superstitious beliefs affect the lives of the participants?

The following are the 3 out of 5 family participants who still believe in

superstitious and how it affected their lives.

Believer Family expresses “syempre kapag ginagawa naming ‘to

parang binubuhay ulit naming yung mga tradisyonal na pa mana ng mga

namatay na naming pamilya” (Of course if we do this [tradition] it seems like

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we are reliving these traditions which we inherited from our ancestors who

have already died).

Since they are strongly devoted to the traditions of their forefathers,

they still manage to practice the traditions as their courtesy. The family says

they will also continue their family traditions to the future members of the

family as a heritage.

Fiesta Family responded “Kapagka Friday the 13th hindi kami

nagtitinda. Malas daw, baka walang kita ”(If it is Friday the 13th, we do not

sell our goods. People said that it is bad luck and our goods might not sell

out). The Fiesta Family has a barbeqou`han (barbeque business). According

to them they don’t usually open their barbeqou`han when it is Friday the 13th.

They do believe that Friday the 13th is a bad luck.

Miracle Family on superstitions expresses “nagbibigyang impact sa

buhay naming.” (it gives an impact in our lives). The Miracle Family strongly

do believe in kulam (witchcraft) and albularyo (shamans/witchdoctor).

Whenever they go out from their home they are always observant with their

environment. The Grandmother of the family is actually an Albularyo

(Witchdoctor) but she lives in Pangasinan City.

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Many of these superstitions can dramatically affect a person's life.

Superstitions may become an obsession to a person. They are powerful and

can influence people how to behave and act in everyday life.

4. How do family traditions affect the lives of the participants?

Family tradition, also called Family culture, is defined as an aggregate

of attitudes, ideas, and environment, which a person inherits from his/her

parents and ancestors.

Family traditions provide families with a sense of identity and

belonging as the Believer Family has expressed “pinapaigting nito ang

samahan ng pamilya namin” (It strengthens the family ties). Likewise with the

Fiesta Family “pinagkakaisa kami, lalo na pag may salo salo” (It gives our

family a sense of unity especially when there are celebrations in the family). “It

strengthens our love and bonding of our family” responded by the Miracle

Family. “Bonding”, for the PRACTICE FAMILY and Orderliness Family asserts

“It serves as nutrients of their family because without it life will be plain or

boring.”

All of the participants are practicing family traditions and they all says

positive feedback about its effects on their lives. The family traditions

reinforce the inclusion of the family, Strengthen the unity and love, and it It

serves as a nutrients of their family. According to the study of Linda Merrill

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(2017), that other traditions change as your children grow up and have

families of their own. Opening gifts on Christmas morning and Easter morning

egg hunts will take place at your grown children's houses instead of taking

place at your house.

Sometimes families review long-standing traditions and decide that one

or more no longer fit their lifestyle. It's a good idea to talk as a family about any

traditions that you feel may need to change. Weigh everyone's input and the

reasons for the changes to make a decision. According to Raquel Elekes

(2012), when a family comes together in celebration, they share and pass on

special ones to each new member. These are our traditions, our customs

and sometimes, passed on from generation to generation, our superstition.

When sitting down to plan a Wedding these are often the very first things

discussed. Some are automatic like finding something old, something new,

something borrowed and something blue.

5. Based on the findings of this study, what superstitious beliefs

and family traditions can be a basis for compendium?

Superstitious beliefs have probably been present among us since the

beginning of time and have been passed on through the centuries, culturally

shared and transmitted from generation to generation. Superstitious rituals or

activities are thought to have a positive or negative impact on the events of

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one's life, hence, influencing people's behavior in various ways effecting both

one's psychological and social state. Superstitious beliefs have been used to

reduce anxiety, build confidence, and cope with uncertainty, giving the

illusion of control over reinforcement in an uncontrollable situation (Neil,

2012; Matute, 2014).

Moreover, superstition is part of the societal traditional practices and

culture. The Filipinos possess certain beliefs and practices which they

believe to be useful to their daily activities. Protect them from harm. The

desire to practice these traditional beliefs are still existing and practicing by

some of families in the urban areas of Las Piñas who believe that they

should perpetuate these practices of their ancestors.

The researchers agree upon that if the Filipino family participants

easily believing in a transmitted practicing and beliefs of their forefathers,

superstitious beliefs should be held on to promote positive attitude and

approach toward prevailing circumstances.

These are superstitious beliefs as basis for compendium:
Filipino superstitious beliefs during wakes and funerals
Family members should refrain from sweeping the floor during the

wake, it is believed that sweeping might drive away the spirit of the dead,

and also it will make the spirits of his loved ones follow him. Not bring home

any food served from the wake, and observing forty days is also one of the

famous traditions in the Philippines. It is connected to Jesus Christ’s

ascension in heaven forty days after his resurrection. Filipinos believed that
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the spirit of the dead will finally ascend to heaven and enter the kingdom of

God. There would be a little celebration in the house and people would even

put little portions of food in the altar as offering to the dead.

Black Cat

A black cat crossing your path was believed that a bad luck or death

would soon occur. However, if people respect it and give it lots of love and

affection, it will bring them many years of good luck and joy.

Broken Glass

Many people often worry about breaking glass. Broken glass mirror

broken denotes seven years of bad luck. In spiritual terms, to break a glass

is considered bad luck. This is derived from the custom of breaking a glass

mirror. If you accidentally break a glass, then it is considered to mean that

symbolically one will meet someone who will do them a good deed.

On family traditions

Meaningful family traditions have always been a valuable tool for

parents and elders to carry out the responsibility of raising children and

inculcating into them social values and ethos. Family traditions ensure that

the warmth and closeness of family bondage grow.

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In the modern context, maintenance of and developing family

traditions continue to be as significant as they were at the earliest times.

Active family traditions and meaningful participation in them help families to

avoid social entropy. In physical science, the term entropy means the

tendency of the physical system to lose energy and coherence over a period

of time, like a gas dissipating until it is all but gone. An "entropic family" is

one that loses its sense of emotional closeness because members neglect

the family’s inner life and community ties.

Social scientists now agree that effective family traditions promote a

sense of identity and a feeling of closeness, a sense of security and

assurance in today’s fast, hectic, and ever-changing world. William Doherty,

a social scientist has explained in his book "The Intentional Family" that as

family bonds are weakened by busy lifestyles, families can stay connected

only by being intentional about maintaining important rituals and traditions.

These are family traditions that should be included in the

compendium:

Mano Po Gesture. When children or young people greet or say

goodbye to their elders they typically do so by taking the right hand of the

elder with their right hand and touch the back the elder's hand lightly on their
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forehead. It is a way of giving respect to the elders and I believe that is also

a way of receiving blessing to the elders.

Po and Opo. It’s a distinct tradition of every Filipino family to respect

their elders. As mentioned, pagmamano is a form how Filipinos show their

respect to the elders.

Aside from pagmamano, you can hear them saying “po” and “opo.”

These are the words that Filipinos use to show their respect when talking to

elders and/or to someone that they respect. They usually punctuate or end a

usual sentence in a conversation. Also, “opo” is sometimes equivalent to

“yes” when answering questions from a respected person or from an elder.

Close Family Ties is also one of their unique traits. It is one of the

outstanding cultural values that Filipinos have. The families take care of each

other and are taught to be loyal to family and elders by simply obeying their

authorities. This is one of the unique characteristics of Filipinos. Having

fondness for family reunions during secular and religious holidays such as

Christmas, New Year’s eve, All Saints’ Day, Holy Week, Fiestas,

homecomings, birthdays, weddings, graduations, baptisms, funerals etc. is

evidence that Filipino people valued not only our cultural tradition but the

spirit of our family. As Filipinos, we are blessed to have been brought up with

strong family ties.

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Religion. The habit of going to church and often praying reflects that

Filipinos have a deep faith and belief when it comes to religion. They are

very devoted to religions that sometimes many take the risk of their lives just

to touch the Black Nazarine (in Quiapo Manila). For many, it is just a choice

between their faith and fears. Filipinos believe that having a strong devotion

may lead to a better life and their guidance to face everyday life.

Christmas in the Philippines. It is also celebrated through the

“Noche Buena” (Christmas Eve Meal) and where family and relatives

practice gift-giving. But for many Filipinos, the true essence of Christmas for

is not gift giving but sharing this special holy day with family. For most

families, it has become a “family reunion.”

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CHAPTER 4

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND GAINED INSIGHTS

SUMMARY

General Information about the Interviewees

The researchers conducted a research to some family participants to

assess their insights and present practices regarding superstitious beliefs.

There are five (5) interview questions, answered by five (5) family

participants at Las Piñas City in March 2018. The questions and answers

were summarized below and similar questions were assigned into one

category.

Demographic profile of the participants

The first family members who were interviewed by the researchers is

the Believer family. The Mother of the family is already sixty six years old,

she is an undergraduate and there are six members of their family. The

researchers also interviewed one of her daughters, the daughter is already

married and she is forty seven years old. She is an undergraduate from

dentistry and has only one kid. Her only child is seven years old and also

interviewed as part of the study.

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The second family who interviewed by the researchers is the Fiesta

Family. The mother of the family is already fifty six years old. She is High

school graduate and has four children. One of her children was interviewed.

The researchers also interviewed the younger sister of the mother who was

present during the interview. She is already forty nine (49) years old, high

school graduate and there are only four members of their family.

The third family is the Miracle Family. The mother is already forty four

years old. She is an undergraduate in college and there are only four

members of the family. Her son was also interviewed, 22 years of age and

college graduate.

The Practice Family was the fourth family interviewed by the

researchers. The mother is already fifty one years old, she is Elementary

graduate and there are five members of their family. The father is fifty four

years old and a high school graduate. Their two grandchildren are also

interviewed and they are six and seven years old.

The last family who was interviewed was the family of Orderliness.

The father is already fifty eight years old and there are five members of their

family. He is an undergraduate in college. The researchers also interviewed

the wife who is fifty one years old, college graduate and one of their children

who is fourteen years old.

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FINDINGS

The study shows results that there are still families who believe in

superstitious and a higher numbers of families who still practice family

traditions. Among the five family participants, there are three families who

believe and two who no longer believe in superstitious. On the family

traditions, the study shows that all of the participants still practice the family

traditions.

Superstitious Beliefs and Family Traditions are still observed by the

family respondents.

CONCLUSION

The primary goal for this study was to know the superstitious beliefs

and family traditions of the selected family participants. The theory of

planned behavior provided a justification for these results. Based on the

existing literature, Raquel Elekes 2012, Karla Jordan (2016), Ron Siojo

(2010) fat-like-buddha (2016) all four considerations that make the theory of

planned behavior: attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral

control, can influence the likelihood of the performance of a behavior.

The researchers of this study have concluded that superstitious

beliefs must be eliminated as transmitted beliefs, since they were not proven
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and just products of the mind. Instead, they would like to implement more

family traditions on the society. The researchers found out the effects of

family traditions to the participants have advantages like they reinforce the

inclusion of their family and it strengthens their bond, unity and love of their

family.

The respondents or the families that were interviewed still follow

family traditions like, eating as one, “mano po” to show respect for the elders

as well as “Po and Opo”. These bring their family stronger and closer. These

also serve as showing love and respect to each of their family member. Most

of the respondents still celebrate traditions like, marriage, birthdays, forty

(40) days after death, New Year, Christmas, Noche Buena and the likes.

Some of the respondents still observe superstitious beliefs, like Friday

the 13th, and that broken glasses bring bad luck, because some of them grew

up in the provinces. However, some of them do not believe in superstitious

anymore because for them, these are just baseless rumors spread by the

elderlies.

GAINED INSIGHTS

The study has provided insights to the researchers that there must be

things that Filipino families need to eliminate in their lives and they must
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focus on things that will help them enrich their culture and strengthen family

relationship.

RECOMMENDATION

Based on the findings and conclusions presented, the following

recommendations are hereby suggested:

1. The researchers recommend that as long as the cost of believing a

superstition and family traditions is less than the cost of missing a

real association, superstitious beliefs will be favored.

2. Strengthen traditional wisdom and be observant to the

experiences of others to help guide families especially, the parents

in decision making.
3. Understand and quantify the impact that superstition has on our

lives.
4. Strengthen those family traditions that provide families with a

sense of identity and belongingness.

5. Strengthen meaningful family traditions that have always been

valuable tools for parents and elders to carry out the responsibility

of raising children and inculcating into them social values and

ethos.

6. Further research on this topic may be done.

REFERENCES
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[Link]

custom-vs/

[Link]

[Link]

family

[Link]

family-closet/

[Link]

superstition

[Link]

crossing-common-superstitions/#.WsaB0YjwbIU

[Link]

[Link]

family

[Link]

[Link]

q=effects+of+family+traditions&oq=the+effects+of+family+tr&aqs=chrome.2.

69i57j0l5.24084j0j1&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

[Link]
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[Link]

[Link]

([Link]

4/)

([Link]

[Link]?pg=all )

([Link]

156099/Superstitions)
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APPENDICES

Appendix A

ANALYSIS OF SUPERSTIOUS BELIEFS AND FAMILY TRADITION: BASIS

FOR A COMPENDIUM

Dear respondents,

We the students from the College of Education taking up Secondary

Education major in Social Studies at the UPHSD Las Piñas are currently

undertaking a research entitled “Analysis of Superstitious Beliefs and

Family Traditions: Basis for a Compendium”.

In this regard, we would like to request you to kindly answer the following

questions and please allow us to take some pictures and videos while we are

interviewing as part of our documentation.

We thank you very much for your consideration and support regarding this

matter.

God Bless!

Yours truly,

The Researchers
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The researchers are conducting a study to some Filipino families to

assess their insights and present practices regarding the topic. The following

are the guide questions:

1. Demographic profile of the participants

a. Family name
b. Gender
c. Age
d. Educational attainment
e. Number of members in the family
2. Does your family believe in superstitious beliefs and family traditions?

If yes, why? If no, why?

3. What are those superstitious beliefs?

4. How does superstitious beliefs and family traditions affects your
lives?
5. What are the family traditions that your family practice?

Appendix B

Interview Result

The researchers are conducting a study to some Filipino families to assess

on their insights and present practices regarding on the topic. The following

are the guide questions:

1. Demographic profile of the participants

a. Family name: Believer Family
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b. Gender: Female
c. Age: 66
d. Educational attainment: Under Graduate
e. Number of members in the family: 6
2. Does your family believe in superstitious beliefs and family traditions?

If yes, why? If no, why?

“Oo naman anak. Minana ko pa yan sa mga ninuno ko eh”

3. What are those superstitious that your family believe?

“Food must not bring to the other house, naniniwala din kame sa pagpag,

itim na pusa ay malas pati na rin ang basag na salamin. At siempre sa multo

din talaga” - BELIEVER FAMILY

4. How does superstitious beliefs and family traditions affects lives?

“Siempre kapag ginagawa naming to parang binubuhay ulit naming

yung mga tradisyonal na pamana ng mga namatay na naming

pamilya” ---BELIEVER FAMILY

“Pinapaigting nito ang samahan ng pamilya namin”-BELIEVER FAMILY

5. What are the family traditions that your family practice?

BELIEVER FAMILY “Kasal kasi sacramento yan eh. New year,

Christmas at madalas din kami magcelebrateng birth day siempre.

Bihira na kami mag sabay sabay kumain kasi pag gutom kakain

naagad. May curfew pa din kame na kapag six (6) pm na nasa bahay
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na lahat ang mga bata. Nagsisimba pa din kami ng sabay sabay at oo

naman nag mamano at bless pa din ang mga bata ditto sa bahay”

The researchers are conducting a study to some Filipino families to

assess on their insights and present practices regarding on the topic. The

following are the guide questions:

1. Demographic profile of the participants

a. Family name: Fiesta Family
b. Gender: Female
c. Age: 56
d. Educational attainment: HS graduate
e. Number of members in the family: 5
2. Does your family believe in superstitious beliefs and family traditions?

If yes, why? If no, why?

“Yes, para sa`kin wala na mang mawawala kapag magpapaniwala

ako diyan”

3. What are those superstitious that your family believe?

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Alabang-Zapote Road, Pamplona, Las Piñas City

79

“Kami galling kami sa probinsya kaya naniniwala kami sa

albularyo, Friday th 13th, malas daw sabi. Tapos naniniwala din

kami sa basag na salamin, malas din at sa pagpagpag may burol.

Born again kami pero naniniwala padin kami sa pamahiin”

4. How does superstitious beliefs and family traditions affects lives?

Fiesta Family: “Kapagka Friday the 13thhindi kami nagtitinda. Malasdaw,

baka walang kita”

5. What are the family traditions that your family practice?

FIESTA FAMILY “Sa kasal hindi na. Kasi sa panahon ngayon puro live-in

nalang. Parang wala na ang kasal. Siempre New year, Noche Buena,

birthday, at 40 days sa patay. Sumasama din kami sa prusisyon kappagka

may pasyon. Oo naman nag po/opo pa din ang mga anak ko. Malambing pa

din sila.
University of Perpetual Help System DALTA
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Alabang-Zapote Road, Pamplona, Las Piñas City

80

The researchers are conducting a study to some Filipino families to

assess on their insights and present practices regarding on the topic. The

following are the guide questions:

1. Demographic profile of the participants

a. Family name: Miracle Family
b. Gender: Female
c. Age: 44
d. Educational attainment: College Ungraduate
e. Number of members in the family: 5
2. Does your family believe in superstitious beliefs and family traditions?

If yes, why? If no, why?

MIRACLE FAMILY “sa probinsiya naming madaming mga pamahiin

talaga. At oo, kasi kinaugalian na din naming kasi iyon”

3. What are those superstitious that your family believe?

MIRACLE FAMILY “Kulam, naniniwala talaga kami diyan.

Albularyo din kasi ganyan ang nanay ko. Tapos itim na pusa,

basag na salamin, malas daw yun. Friday the 13 thtaposmulto at

madami pa”

4. How does superstitious beliefs and family traditions affects lives?

“nagbibigay ng impact sa buhay namin”

5. What are the family traditions that your family practice?

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Alabang-Zapote Road, Pamplona, Las Piñas City

81

MIRACLE FAMILY “ay madami kaming tradisyon! Isa na diyan ang

kasal, birthday, new year, Noche Buena, family day, ano pa ba?

Hmm… nag sasabay sabay pa din kumain, nag sisimba pero hindi

madalas. Fathers day, Mothers day at ang mga bata magagalang

padin”
University of Perpetual Help System DALTA
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Alabang-Zapote Road, Pamplona, Las Piñas City

82

The researchers are conducting a study to some Filipino families to

assess on their insights and present practices regarding on the topic. The

following are the guide questions:

1. Demographic profile of the participants

a. Family name: Practice Family
b. Gender: Female
c. Age: 51
d. Educational attainment: Elementary graduate
e. Number of members in the family: 5
2. Does your family believe in superstitious beliefs and family traditions?

If yes, why? If no, why?

PRACTICE FAMILY “ay hindi na kami naniniwala sa ganyan..haka

haka lang naman yan”

3. What are those superstitious that your family believe?

4. How does superstitious beliefs and family traditions affects lives?

“bonding, ”-PRACTICE FAMILY

5. What are the family traditions that your family practice?

PRACTICE FAMILY “Tradisyon? Ano ba?Ano kasal, birthday, new

year, ano pa ng aba ulit? 40 days sa patay at ang mga anak at apo ko

nag kikiss pa din yan sa pisngi”

The researchers are conducting a study to some Filipino families to

assess on their insights and present practices regarding on the topic. The

following are the guide questions:

1. Demographic profile of the participants

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Alabang-Zapote Road, Pamplona, Las Piñas City

83

a. Family name: Orderliness Family

b. Gender: Male
c. Age: 66
d. Educational attainment: College graduate
e. Number of members in the family: 6
2. Does your family believe in superstitious beliefs and family traditions?

If yes, why? If no, why?

ORDERLINESS FAMILY “wala namang pa tototo yang mga pamahiin

na yan kaya hindi na”

3. What are those superstitious that your family believe?

4. How does superstitious beliefs and family traditions affects lives?

“It serves as a nutrients of their family because without it life will be

plain or boring” -ORDERLINESS FAMILY

5. What are the family traditions that your family practice?

ORDERLINESS FAMILY “Tradisyon. Siempre nagcicelebrate kami ng

birthday, pasko, bagong [Link]’s day, matagal nang walang

namamatay sa family but the kapitbahay is practicing 40 days so nakikikain

kame. Sa pagkain una muna ang mga anak then sunod kami ni mommy.

Kumakain lang kami sabay sabay pag may okasyon. Nagsisimba kami pero

hindi sabay sabay. Yung unang part ng family sa umaga then the rest sa

hapon. Sa anak paminsan minsan nalang kung magmano, except kapag

may bisita kaming matanda”

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Alabang-Zapote Road, Pamplona, Las Piñas City

84

Appendix C

Letter to Respondents
University of Perpetual Help System DALTA
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Alabang-Zapote Road, Pamplona, Las Piñas City

85
University of Perpetual Help System DALTA
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Alabang-Zapote Road, Pamplona, Las Piñas City

86

CURRICULUM VITAE

Noemi Galutan
20 years old
Blk 1, lot 3 ecotrend subdivision, Bacoor Cavite
Email: noemigalutan26@[Link]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
 College

Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Social Studies

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA
Alabang-Zapote Road, Pamplona 3, Las Piñas City

 Secondary Education 2014

St. Williams Institute

 Primary Education, 2010

Panay, Norte, Magsingal, Ilocos Sur

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Alabang-Zapote Road, Pamplona, Las Piñas City

87

CURRICULUM VITAE

ReinetteLapiñaLastrilla
21 years old
137, Atis Rd. Real II, Bacoor Cavite
Contact no: 09611492573
E-mail Address: rllastrilla00@[Link]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
 College

Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Social Studies

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA
Alabang-Zapote Road, Pamplona 3, Las Piñas City

 Secondary Education 2014

St. Catheine Academy

Mambusao, Capiz

 Primary Education, 2010

Mambusao Elementary School

Mambusao, Capiz