ASIAN DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

Tacloban, City
GRADUATE SCHOOL

MODULE REVIEW
in
“MODULES FOR INDEPENDENT STUDY
IN COUNSELING TECHNIQUES”
(Finals)

Submitted by:
MARILYN O. PACAYRA
MAED Student

Submitted to:
DR. ROGELIA K. FIRMO
Professor
Counseling Techniques: Module for Independent Study

Module 1
The meaning and Nature of Guidance

Learning Chunk 1
Different authorities in guidance agree on a common definition of guidance. In general
sense, guidance is defined as the action and concern of showing assistance to others. It is
considered as a helping profession, the aim is to provide maximum human growth and
development for all learners and self- direction.
Guidance must be related and function compatibility with instruction and
administrative elements of the whole educational system. Effective communication is an
underlying factor throughout the helping process. While counseling is a relationship between
a professionally trained counselor and a student seeking help in gaining greater self-
understanding and improved decision-making and behavior change skill for problem resolution
and/or developmental growth.

Learning Chunk 2
Individuals need help. People need it oftentimes when in crisis; others need it at regular
intervals, while still others need it all the time. In fact, most of us are constantly waiting,
struggling and striving for guidance. The function of guidance is to promote the growth of the
individual toward self-development, where it aims at self-understanding, self-appraisal, and
self-direction. The purpose of guidance is to help the individual discover his needs, his
potentialities, and his goals; and that knowledge of the principles in guidance would led the
guidance counselors gain a clearer understanding of the guidance program.

Module 2
Guidance Services
Learning Chunk 1
Guidance services are designed to assist individuals in securing knowledge and skills
needed in making plans and devices and in interpreting life. It is helping individuals to
recognize, accept, and develop their potentials, to adjust to school, and to develop the skills
they need to cope with the problems they meet.
Several factors led to the growth of guidance services. Generally, there are two forms of
guidance service, namely: group guidance, and individual guidance. Attempts have been made
to compile, collect, organize, and classify problems. As a result, the following problems have
been determined. (1) Health and Physical Development, (2) Home and Family Relations, (3)
Leisure Time, (4) Personality, (5) Religious Life, (6) School, (7) Social (moral and civic), and
(8) Vocational. The particulars of the child, the youth, the adult, and the aged differ in amount
and in quality.

Learning Chunk 2:
The Essential Guidance Services
Arubida-Cinco defines the essential Guidance Services as the help to students to
recognize, accept and develop their potential, to adjust to school, and develop the skills they
need to cope with the problems they meet. Guidance services were developed to help young
people come to know and accept themselves and their aptitudes and interests; and to develop
the skills to cope with the problems they meet both in and outside the school.
Guidance services may be defined as a group of service to individual to assist them in
securing knowledge and skills needed in making plans and services and in interpreting life.

Individual Inventory Service

Module 3
The Counseling Process

Counseling is an activity in which all facts are gathered and focused on the particular
problem of the counselee who is then given direct and personal help. In the school, counseling
may occur during a heart-to-heart talk between teacher and pupil. Elsewhere, it is talking over
a problem with someone. The process itself, involves a personal relationship between two
individuals, one of whom is older, more experienced, and wiser than the other. In its entirely,
counseling is an educative process.
As a process, counseling passes through the following stages, namely: (1) the
exploratory stage, (2) the interpretative stage, and (3) the adjustment stage.
The essentials of the counseling process include the relationship, the atmosphere,
facilitation of counselee’s effort, attention to life’s adjustment and follow-up. The counselor’s
assistance to an individual depends on what type of counseling he uses. It could be directive or
clinical, complete client centered type or a combination of both types, which is known as the
electric type.

Module 4
Techniques Used in the Guidance Process
Teachers evaluate how much knowledge has been acquired erther skills have been
developed, or what attitudes have been changed.
There are different techniques used for purpose of pupil or individual evaluation. Some
of them are anecdotal records, autobiographical sketches, case studies, gathering data or
cumulative records, observation, interview and tests.
Observation is basic to other guidance techniques. The behavior and personality of an
individual are measured in terms of what he says and does. Autobiographical sketches is a
generic approach to a study of interest, choices or plans, anecdotal record is a short description
of significant event or incident of a pupil’s overt behavior. Case study in an intensive
investigation employing all types of research making use of test, check lists, score cards
interviews, and observations. The interview is considered the heart of the counseling process;
and the test is the most commonly used specialized technique in guidance and counseling.

Module 5
Counseling
Counseling is a relationship between professionally trained counselor and a student
seeking help in gaining greater self- understanding and improve decision-making and behavior
change skills for problem solution and/or development growth. It should be borne in mind that
knowledge of proper counseling, the phrases of counseling the essentials in counseling and the
counseling would lead to the counselor to develop psychological foundation in counseling.

Module 6
Counseling Services
The counseling services that emphasize the observance of counseling ethics where the
counselor has to keep confidential matter to oneself. The features of counseling services should
offer assistance in the form of building a workable counseling program. Hence, the counselor’s
attitude, skill and characteristics play vital roles in delivering the counseling services.
Module 7
Counseling Approach
Different intervention techniques are as follows:
A. Behavioral Approach
1. A counselee who comes for counseling session is assisted to define goals.
2. Assisting the counselee to set plans.
3. Clarifying and Affirming his Action Plan.
4. Assisting the client in his decision-making and analyzing consequences of his
feeling.
5. Commitment to push through and setting the idea to make a follow-up on the
plan earlier set.
B. Active-Direct Approach
1. Setting a Viewpoint
2. Suggesting a course of Action
3. Reassuring the directing to the point of importance
4. Give Feedbacks
C. General Approach
1. Establishing Rapport
2. Locating and Defining Problems
Counseling Session