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    RET670 Transformer Testing Guide

    Uploaded by

    frodo frodo
    This document summarizes testing procedures for various protection functions on a power transformer: 1) Differential protection is tested with high and low impedance settings. Measurements are taken of pickup values, delay times, and harmonic blocking. 2) Thermal overload protection is tested by injecting current and measuring trip times with and without cooling. Calculations are shown to determine nominal trip values. 3) Over excitation protection is tested using a tailor-made voltage-based curve to detect overvoltage on the low voltage side of the transformer. 4) Tapchanger overcurrent blocking inhibits tapchanger operation if current exceeds a threshold to prevent damage.

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    RET670 Transformer Testing Guide

    Uploaded by

    frodo frodo
    695 views7 pages
    This document summarizes testing procedures for various protection functions on a power transformer: 1) Differential protection is tested with high and low impedance settings. Measurements are taken of pickup values, delay times, and harmonic blocking. 2) Thermal overload protection is tested by injecting current and measuring trip times with and without cooling. Calculations are shown to determine nominal trip values. 3) Over excitation protection is tested using a tailor-made voltage-based curve to detect overvoltage on the low voltage side of the transformer. 4) Tapchanger overcurrent blocking inhibits tapchanger operation if current exceeds a threshold to prevent damage.

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    Testing Guide

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    This document summarizes testing procedures for various protection functions on a power transformer: 1) Differential protection is tested with high and low impedance settings. Measurements are taken of pickup values, delay times, and harmonic blocking. 2) Thermal overload protection is tested by injecting current and measuring trip times with and without cooling. Calculations are shown to determine nominal trip values. 3) Over excitation protection is tested using a tailor-made voltage-based curve to detect overvoltage on the low voltage side of the transformer. 4) Tapchanger overcurrent blocking inhibits tapchanger operation if current exceeds a threshold to prevent damage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    695 views7 pages

    RET670 Transformer Testing Guide

    Uploaded by

    frodo frodo
    This document summarizes testing procedures for various protection functions on a power transformer: 1) Differential protection is tested with high and low impedance settings. Measurements are taken of pickup values, delay times, and harmonic blocking. 2) Thermal overload protection is tested by injecting current and measuring trip times with and without cooling. Calculations are shown to determine nominal trip values. 3) Over excitation protection is tested using a tailor-made voltage-based curve to detect overvoltage on the low voltage side of the transformer. 4) Tapchanger overcurrent blocking inhibits tapchanger operation if current exceeds a threshold to prevent damage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    The document discusses different testing procedures for various protection devices used in power transformers including differential, thermal overload, over excitation and tapchanger overcurrent protection.

    The document discusses low impedance and high impedance differential protection.

    The bias characteristics can be obtained using parameter settings and can also be checked manually by injecting current on both sides of the transformer with 180 degree phase shift and varying the angle until trip.

    Prepared by

    RET670 Manoj N
    TESTING PROCEDURE

    Differential Protection(87) – High impedence protection

    During Testing By pass all Series connected resistors and Parallel connected Metrosil for Safety purpose.

    U > Alarm U > Trip


    Pick up current = Set Voltage / Set resistance value Pick up current = Set Voltage / Set resistance value
    = 15V / 1000Ω = 75V / 1000Ω
    = 0.015 A. = 0.075 A.

    Measurements
    AD Alarm Alarm Delay AD Trip Trip Delay
    Phase Channel Pick-up val. Drop-off inj. val. meas. Phase Channel Pick-up Drop-off val. inj. val. meas. Val.
    [A] val. [V] [A] val. [s] val. [A] [A] [A] [ms]
    R AI01 0.016 0.014 5.033 R AI01 0.076 0.073 30.40
    Y AI02 0.015 0.014 0.030 5.030 Y AI02 0.076 0.074 0.150 28.90
    B AI03 0.015 0.014 5.028 B AI03 0.076 0.074 31.40
    RYB AI01-03 0.016 0.014 0.030 5.059 RYB AI01-03 0.075 0.074 0.150 30.20
    Differential Protection(87) – Low impedence protection

    Pick up 3φ = diff setting * (Full load current / CT Ratio )


    Pickup 1φ = diff setting * (Full load current / CT Ratio) * 1.5
    Bias Characteristics:

    Curve can be obtained as follows

    Using the parameter setting idmin,


    endsection1,2 slope section 2,3 the
    curve can be obtained.
    1.Bias can be checked by Omicron,
    2.Bias can also be checked by
    Manually by injecting in times of Trafo
    Nominal current on both side with 180°
    shift, vary any one angle till trip, I Diff
    can be calculated using
    ϕ 
    I diff = 2 ⋅ iinj ⋅ sin  
    2
    Where, iinj = Injected Current,
    Φ = Operated angle.

    Blocking of Differential protection:

    1. Harmonic Restraint(2nd & 5th Harmonic)


    Harmonics is nothing but Multiples of Frequency
    Second harmonic:
    Inject the full load current as per the calculation + inject >10 % of the full load
    current with set 100 hz frequency(2*50 hz) → NO TRIP.

    Inject the full load current as per the calculation + inject <10 % of the full load
    current with set 100 hz frequency(2*50 hz) → TRIP.
    Fifth harmonic:
    Inject the full load current as per the calculation + inject >25 % of the full load
    current with set 250 hz frequency(5*50 hz) → NO TRIP.

    Inject the full load current as per the calculation + inject <25 % of the full load
    current with set 250 hz frequency(5*50 hz) → TRIP.
    2. Open CT detection.

    The OPEN CT Algorithm will only detect an OPEN CT if the load on the
    power transformer is from 10% to 110% of the rated load current.
    The search of OPEN CT starts after 60 seconds since the bias current
    enters the 10-110% range.

    OPEN CT DETECTION→ Block Diff Protn..

    3. Cross Blocking.

    2nd or 5th Harmonic Restraint in R ph → Block Diff Protn in Y & B phases.


    2nd or 5th Harmonic Restraint in Y ph → Block Diff Protn in R & B phases.
    2nd or 5th Harmonic Restraint in B ph → Block Diff Protn in R & Y phases.
    THERMAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION(49)

    We need to test this in 2 methods


    1. Without Cooling
    2. With Cooling
    Trip Lockout will be connected to Trip
    matrix.so once after cool down to
    allowable temp we can able to energise
    the transformer.

    *) Calculation of nominal value:


    TTrip = ((IRef*IBase/IRef)*(ITrip/10000))2*100 =
    ((100*100/100)*(100/10000)) 2*100 = 121%

    TStart = TTrip*Start injection/100 = 121%*50%/100 = 60.5%

    t = 150 ln (((52 – (60.5 – 0)/100) / ((52 –(121-0)/100))) =


    226.01s
    Trip temperature (with cooling) T=150min

    Current Delay
    Phase Sensors Injected. val. [A] nom. val. [s]* meas. val. [s]
    R AI01 226.20
    Y AI02 5*0.58=2.9 226.01 225.90
    B AI03 225.70

    Trip temperature (without cooling) T=360min

    Current Delay
    Phase Sensors Injected. val. [A] nom. val. [s]* meas. Val. [s]
    R AI01 292.10
    Y AI02 6.74*0.43=2.9 293.16 291.40
    B AI03 291.3

    OVER EXCITATION PROTECTION(24)

    No current compensation is used.


    Tailor made curve

    Over excitation is based on Voltage


    of LV side of transformer any two
    phase is enough to measure based
    on setting in general setting.

    TAPCHANGER OVER CURRENT BLOCKING

    This is nothing but a over current used to inihibit the operation of Tapchanger,
    means when we have current threshold higher than the set value tap changer operation is
    blocked.

    Prepared by
    Manoj N

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