VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR ANSWER KEY

EXTENSION 1
Vocabulary (page 1) Grammar (page 3)
1 Possible answers 1 Possible answers
1. bought an expensive car 1. has been snowing
2. it’s very interesting 2. had been driving
3. told her what I thought 3. haven’t been listening
4. gets everything she wants 4. haven’t heard
5. she didn’t get caught 5. has … left
6. anyone in my family 6. had been waiting
7. can stop her 2 1. Have … spoken
8. very proud of yourself 2. have been trying / am trying
2 Possible answers 3. has … returned
1. study abroad 4. had … been travelling
2. sign up for 5. hadn’t seen
3. get a degree 6. had been
4. live up to the expectations 7. has … happened
5. tuition fees 8. have been waiting
6. foreign language 9. haven’t heard
3 Possible answers 3 Possible answers
1. depend on; always 1. We have just spoken to Ellen.
2. bring … up; grandparents 2. We have known each other since we were children.
3. look up to; successful 3. They have been driving for six hours.
4. hand in; papers 4. After everyone had arrived at the meeting, we told
them the news.
(page 2)
5. We had been working for 24 hours before we went
4 1. educational 6. concerned home.
2. impressive 7. attendance
3. demanding 8. accomplishments (page 4)
4. suitable 9. financial 4 Possible answers
5. determined 10. doubtful 1. is still in the building
5 1. encouraged 7. assessment 2. they’ll do very well
2. allow 8. tuition fees 3. we ran out of petrol
3. disobeyed 9. live up to the expectations 4. somebody told me
4. worthless 10. generosity 5 Possible answers
5. Educational 11. determined 1. have never been there
6. suitable 2. had been searching for months
3. haven’t been feeling well for days
4. have never been to another country
5. had already left
6. had been waiting over an hour for our food

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VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR ANSWER KEY

EXTENSION 2
Vocabulary (page 1) Grammar (page 3)
1 1. d 2. e 3. b 4. a 5. f 6. c 7. g 1 1. The police ordered everyone to leave the building
Possible answers immediately.
1. When playing a game, you must follow rules. 2. They warned us not to attend the demonstration.
2. You can support a cause by giving it some of your 3. The organisers announced that we had raised
time or money. enough money to build a shelter.
3. The parliament’s job is to pass laws. 4. We suggested going to see a film together.
4. It’s time to take a break – we’ve been working for 5. The residents complained that teenagers made a lot
hours. of noise at night.
5. Volunteer work can make a difference in people’s 6. They promised that they would help us.
lives. 2 1. The volunteer complained that nobody had shown up
6. We all signed a petition urging the mayor not to tear to help them.
down the old building. 2. We wondered why they didn’t stand up for their rights.
7. The purpose of the cake sale is to raise money for 3. He insisted that he hadn’t insulted her the previous
school projects. day / the day before.
2 Possible answers 4. The police officer warned (me / him / her / us / them)
1. without pay that it wasn’t safe to drive there at night.
2. an opinion 5. The participant admitted that he / she hadn’t followed
3. that helps people the rules.
4. to express yourself 6. Kate reminded me / us / him / her not to forget to sign
5. lead the petition.
6. changes things (page 4)
7. is poverty
8. can receive protection 3 1. He told us that his childhood had been difficult
because he had grown up in a slum.
3 Possible answers 2. I said that I didn’t believe the government would lower
1. to speak clearly. the voting age the following year.
2. to obey laws and show respect for your country. 3. We asked Tom if he could help us organise a
3. We can help to distribute food and clothing to peaceful demonstration.
the poor. 4. We wanted to know why they had refused to sign
4. I need to make arrangements for a trip to London. that petition.
(page 2) 5. Our mayor suggested to get involved in the
community and support a local charity.
4 Possible answers
1. This doesn’t make sense. 4 Possible answers
2. Stand up for yourself. 1. that she had just broken up with her boyfriend
3. Chewing gum is banned in Singapore. 2. he’d pay me back as soon as possible
4. You can refuse to do this. 3. if I knew where Tom had gone
5. In some countries, women don’t have the right to drive. 4. that we had won an award for our high level of
6. Were you aware of the fact that this clothing company academics
employs children? 5. the printer she had bought didn’t work
6. that he had stolen money from the bank
5 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. 7. we try the new Japanese sushi bar
8. that she had seen flashing lights in the sky

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VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR ANSWER KEY

EXTENSION 3
Vocabulary (page 1) Grammar (page 3)
1 Possible answers 1 Possible answers
1. Why are you looking for a seat? 1. might take it by mistake
2. How did you find your way? 2. don’t have to worry
3. Why did you stay at a youth hostel? 3. couldn’t find a way to get there
4. You can check in now. 4. mustn’t tell anyone
5. Did the party last a long time? 5. should make a reservation
6. The fare on the bus is very reasonable. 6. can’t hear you
2 Possible answers 7. must miss him a lot
1. Because we’re going on holiday. 2 1. could have hired
2. We weren’t having a good time and wanted to 2. shouldn’t have wandered off
go home. 3. should stay
3. They are waiting for the shop to open. 4. must have been
4. It was too slow – I was expecting something much 5. Can / Could … book
more exciting. 6. couldn’t / might not / may not have seen
5. Because it’s outside the city centre. 7. shouldn’t / can’t ask
3 1. one way or another (page 4)
2. spend time
3 1. didn’t need to bring me a gift / needn’t have brought
3. For the time being
me a gift
4. out of the way
2. might have been Joe (that just walked by)
5. in no time at all
3. might (not) have made reservations
(page 2) 4. may not arrive on time
4 1. A landmark is a famous building or structure; a view is 5. has to participate
something seen from a particular place. 6. could have stayed at more expensive accommodation
2. Reaching a destination is arriving at a place; locating 7. don’t have to stand in the queue
a destination is finding it. 8. should stay in a hotel near the city centre
3. Getting closer to a place is getting nearer to your 9. I shouldn’t have travelled alone. / I should have
destination; ending up somewhere is arriving there. travelled with someone.
4. Taking off is when an aeroplane goes up into the air; 10. can’t be my luggage (because mine is brown)
landing is when it comes back down to the ground. 4 Possible answers
5. To find one’s way is to get to a destination usually 1. may not have heard me
without being familiar with the way to get there; out of 2. should try to keep calm
the way is a place that’s not convenient to get to. 3. can’t be true
5 1. sights 6. spend time 4. can’t have left yet
2. book in advance 7. go sightseeing
3. accommodation 8. guided tour
4. atmosphere 9. end up
5. come across 10. landmark

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VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR ANSWER KEY

EXTENSION 4
Vocabulary (page 1) Grammar (page 3)
1 Possible answers 1 1. cleaned up, would enjoy
1. Use up is to finish something, so that nothing is left; 2. will stop, finish / have finished
to get rid of is to throw something away or give it to 3. would have told, had been
someone else. 4. decides, will use
2. Extraordinary is an unexpected or incredible action; 5. had come, would have heard
unnatural is when something is different from what is 6. would take, were
thought of as being normal or natural. 7. leave, turn off
3. Unnecessary is something that isn’t needed; 8. melts, don’t put
impractical is something that isn’t sensible or realistic. 2 Possible answers
4. To underestimate is to not realise how good or strong
someone or something is; to decrease is to reduce. 1. I had known, I would have visited you
5. To cut down is to do or use less of something; to 2. they’ll begin to use reusable bags
replace is to use something instead of something 3. you had offered me a ride
else. 4. more laws are enforced
6. A landfill is an area to bury waste material; an urban 5. more people would use it
farm is a place to grow fruit and vegetables in the city (page 4)
centre.
3 Possible answers
2 Possible answers 1. If you had a bigger box, you could pack up all
1. used plastic bottles these books.
2. by turning off electrical appliances and lights when 2. If Jack hadn’t forgotten his wallet at home, he would
they aren’t in use have paid for the film tickets.
3. loss of animal habitat 3. If only there were more recycling bins in my
4. corn and wheat neighbourhood.
5. when they dump waste illegally 4. Unless we protect our natural resources today, we
6. they provide energy without polluting won’t prevent serious problems in the future.
(page 2) 4 1. had been
3 Possible answers 2. would have died
1. More and more trees are being cut down every year. 3. senses
2. I wish people would stop littering. 4. sends
3. The soil is very dry. 5. receive
4. It’s probably due to global warming. 6. will give
5. His sister had used up all the hot water.
6. In the future, they’ll replace the cars which run
on petrol.
4 1. urban farms 5. soil
2. overpopulated 6. environmentally friendly
3. have decreased 7. long-term effects
4. crops 8. ecological balance

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VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR ANSWER KEY

EXTENSION 5
Vocabulary (page 1) Grammar (page 3)
1 1. sting 4. nest 1 Possible answers
2. poisonous 5. prey 1. It has been polluted by factories.
3. sense of smell 6. Loss of habitat 2. They are only seen at night.
2 Possible answers 3. Will it be completed on time?
1. she wouldn’t be seen by the animals she was 4. You haven’t been invited to the wedding.
photographing 5. We haven’t made a decision yet.
2. they were injured by poachers and needed protection 2 1. had / got … published
3. of loss of habitat and poaching 2. should have / get … treated
4. attack you 3. had / got … trained
5. loss of habitat, hunting and poaching 4. are having / getting … catered
3 Possible answers 5. haven’t had / got … repaired
1. So that researchers can track their movement. (page 4)
2. Scientists can see how an animal reacts to a drug
3 1. Animal testing is considered to be unethical by many
before it’s given to humans.
people. / Animal testing is considered by many people
3. loss of habitat, hunting and poaching
to be unethical.
4. So that predators will have a difficult time finding
2. Did you have these pictures of your cat taken by
them.
a professional photographer?
5. for their meat and fur
3. We won’t close our wildlife sanctuary to visitors
(page 2) during the holiday.
4 Possible answers 4. The birds should have been tagged before we
1. I’m responsible for a team of computer programmers. released them.
2. They suspect him of being guilty of robbery. 5. The bird is in distress because somebody has
3. They are concerned about rising prices. removed its nest.
4. They look similar to one another. 6. This entire forest has been wiped out by
5. It’s famous for its cheesecake. deforestation.
7. Who styles your hair?
5 Possible answers 8. I had my dog vaccinated this month.
1. Something that’s good for you is beneficial for you;
something that you’re good at means that you do it 4 1. were taken 6. was told
well. 2. was stung 7. was put
2. Being pleased with someone is being satisfied with 3. began 8. was given
them; being pleased for someone is being happy for 4. hadn’t known 9. must be taken
them. 5. had / got … done
3. Being tired from something means being exhausted;
being tired of something means not interested in or
bored of doing it.
6 1. different from 5. raised
2. concerned about 6. surroundings
3. treat 7. animal testing
4. tired of

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VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR ANSWER KEY

EXTENSION 6
Vocabulary (page 1) 2 1. The factory is opening a course where workers can
learn new skills.
1 1. reliable 5. long hours 2. Being fluent in a foreign language is a skill (that /
2. organisational skills 6. available which) many managerial positions require.
3. multitasking 7. résumé 3. That man is the famous pianist whose concert was
4. under pressure 8. employer sold out in two days.
2 Possible answers 4. The package (that / which) you were expecting has
1. She’s an engineer. just been delivered.
2. I’m interested in becoming a scientist. 5. Last year, when I had to work at two jobs, was a
3. The hours are too long. difficult time.
4. I saw her résumé and her references. 6. My uncle, who has changed careers several times,
5. I’m fluent in French and Arabic. studied education at university. / My uncle, who
6. Because she always comes in late and leaves early. studied education at university, has changed careers
7. She wants to spend more time with her children. several times.
8. I like to have the freedom to work where and when 7. I found a job at a big company, which / that has a
I want. supportive environment.
9. She pays well and she’s very understanding. 8. The city buses, which many people complain about,
10. He’s very hard-working and conscientious. aren’t very reliable. / Many people complain about
the city buses which/that aren’t very reliable.
(page 2)
The relative pronouns can be omitted in sentences 2
3 Possible answers and 4.
1. I’ve been looking for him for two days.
2. I’m taking the week off to attend my family reunion (page 4)
in York. 3 1. The extra hours for which I was paid are overtime.
3. We may need to take on more employees. The extra hours which I was paid for are overtime.
4. She picks up everything very quickly. 2. The woman to whom you were speaking meets all
5. You can pick it up tomorrow. the job requirements.
6. She really should give up a few. The woman who you were speaking to meets all the
7. Don’t give up so easily! job requirements.
8. We all thought she had made it up. 3. The businessman, to whom the financial advisor
4 Possible answers sent a yearly report, was pleased with the profits.
1. charged 5. on-the-job training The businessman, who the financial advisor sent
2. working overtime 6. hard-working a yearly report to, was pleased with the profits.
3. common sense 7. run a company 4. The radio programme, to which many drivers listen,
4. fast learner gives a traffic report every hour.
The radio programme, which many drivers listen to,
Grammar (page 3) gives a traffic report every hour.
1 1. Our organisation, which is run by women, helps 4 1. The first Monday of every month is when our
abused women. company interviews job applicants.
2. The shop where I have worked since 2010 was 2. This city is where I had my first job interview.
destroyed in a fire. 3. My parents, who make a lot of money, run a
3. We need to discuss some issues which / that are company. / My parents, who run a company, make
problematic. a lot of money.
4. Do you know anyone who is available to work 4. Ann, who is a fast learner, was chosen.
immediately? 5. I didn’t get the promotion which I wanted.
5. Ann, whose mother runs a company, is fluent in
several languages.
6. I will always remember those difficult times when
I couldn’t make a living.