entitled:

Banana (Musa sapientum)

INOSLOBAN MARAWOY INTEGRATED

Presented by:
Fabrigas, Renn Joseph
Olan, Marc Jester
Alo, Leslie Faith
Garcia, Mary rose
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ABSTRACT

Title: Banana (Musa sapientum) and potato ( Solanum Tuberosum) peel extract as an alternative treatment

In preventing Phytophthora Citrus Disease

Researchers: Leslie Faith Alo

Mary Rose Garcia

Renn Joseph Fabrigas

Marc Jester Olan

Institution: Inosloban Marawoy Integrated National High School

Year: 2019

The research concentrates on how Banana and Potato peel extract can be a alternative
fungicide on treating water molds or “Phytophthora spp” on citrus plants. It also discusses on how Banana
peel and potato peel extract can be a treatment to use on preventing the prevalence of Phytophthora spp
on crops. This study also discusses the effects and benefits of using a natural fungicide than the ordinary
one.

On making this fungicide, slice the banana and potato peel into small pieces. Use a blender
to turn it into liquid and put it in the container. The researchers came up on different trials to identify what
different factors can be added to banana and potato peel extract so it can be a more effective fungicide on
Citrus plants. The researchers also differentiate the banana and potato peel extract from the usual
fungicide to test what benefits does banana and potato peel add on preventing the outgrowth of the said
fungi.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………....…..…2

Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………...….….

Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………..3

CHAPTER 1- THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING………………….…….4

Background of the Study…………………………………….....................................................5

Scope and Limitation…...……………………………………………………………………6

Statement of the Problem………………………………………………....................................6

Statement of Hypothesis…………………………………………………...…………......7.

Objectives…………………………………………………………………………………7

Significance of the Study…………………………………………………………….…....8

Definition of Terms………………………………………………………………….……9

CHAPTER II- REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE…………………….11

CHAPTER III- METHODOLOGY……………………………………………..18

A. Procedure …………………………………………………………………………..
B. *Cautions……………………………………………………………………………

CHAPTER IV- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………….……….

CHAPTER V- SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS…………………………………………..………..

BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………….

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CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

INTRODUCTION
Many fruit farmers struggle on preserving their crops without being rotten. On

the other hand, they still do their best to avert the occurrence of this case. However, their

income was being affected by the expansion of different pest, fungi and diseases which

devastates their crops that affecting the increase of their harvest. One of the major

problems of these farmers (especially the citrus fruit farmers) is the emergence of

different fungi particularly the water mold or “Phytophthora spp” that affects widely on

the growth of the citrus fruits.

Fungicides and pesticides were widely used on treating or ending the emergence

of these fungi and diseases neglecting its chemical effects on the growth of their crops.

The researchers decide to terminate this issue especially the outgrowth of Phytophthora

citrus disease to help the local farmers by producing an alternative Fungicide Product, by

making one using banana and potato peel. These peels have some properties that have

potential on preventing the devastation the Phytopthora spp gives on citrus fruits. The

researchers also assume that this could also lessen the expenses of the farmers when it

comes on buying different fungicide. The researchers also propose that this research can

help on reusing waste to produce a useful item on the production of crops.

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BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Phytophthora is a water mold (formerly a fungus-like protist) that is found

throughout the world. Phytophthora spp. attack citrus plants at all stages and may infect

all parts of the tree, including roots, stem, branches, twigs, leaves and fruits. Root rot,

foot rot, fruit brown rot, twig and leaf dieback and rot may be considered the different

faces of the same disease. The infection affects 50% of the circumference of the trunk.

Brown rot of fruit is a common pre harvest decay of citrus fruits, which causes the fruit to

fall. Infected fruits picked during the occurrence of the disease can still infect healthy

fruits in storage. Phytophthora infection of fruit produces a decay in which the affected

area is light brown, leathery and not sunken compared to the adjacent rind. Brown rot of

citrus fruits starts a small discolored spot but rapidly spreads across the affected fruit’s

surface.

On the other hand, the researchers found out that there are some properties the

banana peel and potato peel has that is similar to the usual fungicide especially the

fosetyl-al. It contains aluminum and potassium which is also present on the said peels. It

also has phosphorus that is important to plant growth. This fact encourages the

researchers to prove that banana and potato peel can be an alternative fungicide on

preventing Phytophthora spp.

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SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
The research was conducted at Inosloban Marawoy Integrated National

High School, Marawoy Lipa City, through the guidance of Mr. Jay-Ar Gutierrez.

The research is limited with the knowledge about the Phytophthora spp

and its effect on the other organisms.

The research is limited with the number of test it could make on treating

the Phytohthora Citrus Disease.

The study is limited to determine the effectiveness of banana peel and

potato peel extract as an alternative fungicide.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This research is aimed to find out if banana and potato peel extract can be an

alternative treatment in the usual fungicide used on treating Phytophthora Citrus Disease.

This study also intended to answer the following questions:

1. What are the characteristics of potato and banana peel that makes it an

alternative fungicide?

2. How potent is the banana and potato peel on preventing the emergence of

Phytophthora spp on citrus plants?

3. What is the difference of this product on the usual fungicide?

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STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS

NULL HYPOTHESIS

Banana and potato peel extract can affect the growth of the citrus fruits.

ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

Banana and potato peel extract can help on preventing the emergence of

Phytophthora spp on Citrus plants.

OBJECTIVES

 To use banana and potato peel as an alternative fungicide.

 To generate a more beneficial thing out of waste materials like banana peel and

potato peel.

 To lessen the escalation in the outgrowth of Phytophthora spp on Citrus plants.

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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

People have been using kinds of products on their plants to improve growth.

This study concentrates on preventing the brown rot of different citrus fruits especially

the orange. The researchers made a wide research on how these problems can be solved

using a natural treatment and found out that banana peel and potato peel extract as a

product.

In order for plants to grow, they require vita elements such as potassium,

calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. On the other hand,

banana peels are often thrown away as a trash without knowing its other benefits. Banana

contains potassium that is important on the growth of plants. Potatoes are good source of

potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium along with other many nutrients.

This study wants to prove that banana peel and potato peel extract has a

beneficial effect on citrus plants. It also propose the less cost it would take than buying a

expensive chemical fungicide.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS

Banana

Is a long curved fruit with a thick peel that is yellow when it is ripe.

Banana peel

Banana peel also known as banana skin, that contains a certain compound called

Tannin. It is the outing covering of the banana fruit.

Banana peel has potassium and aluminum that is widely used as fungicide and

pesticide.

Potato

Potato is round root of a plant that has brown, yellow or red skin and white or

yellow flesh and that is eaten as a vegetable.

Potato peel

Potato contains phosphorus, magnesium, postassium and other elements that help

on plant growth.

Fungicide

It is an agent that destroys fungi or inhabits their growth.

Fungicide is used to kill or prevent fungi or spores on plants.

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Potassium

Potassium is a soft, silver-white metal that is used especially in farming and

industry. It occurs abundantly in nature especially combined in minerals.

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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Musa Sapientum which is commonly called banana is a herbaceous plant of the

family Musaceae. It grows up to a height of about 2-8 m with leaves of about 3-5 m in

length. The stem which is also called pseudostem produces a single bunch of banana

before dying and replaced by new pseudostem. The fruit grows hanging cluster, with 20

fruits to a tier and 3-20 tiers to a bunch. The fruit is protected by its peel which is

discarded as waste after the inner fleshy portion as eaten. According to the result of the

study of B.A. Anhwange (2008), the mineral content of banana peels shows that the

concentration of potassium is the highest. The other compositions found in the banana

peel are calcium, sodium, iron and manganese.

Banana contains nutrients that are essential for healthy potted plants. It contains

potassium content which provides essential nutrients to plants when the peels begin to

decompose. Adding compost that banana peels to your plotted plants helps provide them

with a variety of necessary nutrients. Banana contains potassium that helps your plants

grow strong roots and helps on regulating plant enzymes and supports your plants in

growing stronger stems, sturdy disease and pest repellant plants. It also strengthens plants

and helps them resist disease and pest. Banana peel can also be used in wine, ethanol

production, and substrate for biogas production and as base material for pectin extraction.

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Peel ash can be used as fertilizer for banana plants and as source of alkali for soap

production. Peel can also be used in wastewater treatment plants.

According to Anderson, banana peels can be an alternative fertilizer to the plants

found in lawns. The peel and pulp of ripe bananas have antifungal and abtimicrobial

properties, which protect the plants against fungal and bacterial infections.

Solanum Tuberosum or the potatoes contains some nutrients that support

healthy, strong plant growth including nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium.

When composted, potato peels make a rich fertilizer that boosts soil fertility and water

retention. On the average, compost can be used as a fertilizer after about three months of

turning and watering. The potato skins were placed on the top of the soil because the

topsoil is the most important layer for the growth of plants.

Potato peel extract have antimicrobial compounds against bacterial and fungal

organisms. The antimicrobial nature could be due to the presence of flavonoids and

terpenes organic compounds. Potato peel extract is the future and natural against

foodborne pathogenic microbial and the broad spectrum nature of the plant.

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Phytophthora is a genus, or classification name, of a species of plat damaging

water molds. Many different species of plants are vulnerable to Phytophthora,

particularly when a plant remains wet for an extended period of time or when planted too

deeply. Phytophthora is considered to be a particularly damaging disease and can affect

many plants in an area. Phytophthora species damage plants by killing a plant’s tissues.

Phytophthora will then weaken and eventually kill the plant over a period of time. Some

species of Phytophthora can case multiple symptoms on a particular host. Some of the

most commom symptoms are blight, rotting plant tissue, dieback and decline. Eventually.

The infection will lead to the death of the host plant.

Phytophthora spp. caused the most serious and economically important soilborne

diseases of citrus plants. It is responsible for significant economic losses to citrus

industry. Tree and crop production losses occur from damping off of seedlings in the

seedbed, root and crown rot in nurseries, foot rot and fibrous rot and brown rot of fruit in

groves. Foot rot results from infection of the bark near the ground level producing lesions

on the trunk or crown rots that can girdle or kill the tree.

Phytophthora spp. also attack and cause the decay fibrous roots, especially on

susceptible rootstocks in nurseries. Phytophthora spp infect fruit causing brown rot that

leads to fruit drops on the groves and postharvest decay. Phytophthora infection of fruit

produces a decay in which the affected area is light brown, leathery and not sunken

compared to the adjacent rind. In the orchard, fruit near the ground become infected when

splashed with soil containing the fungus. Most of the infected fruit soon abscise, but

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those that are harvested may not show symptoms until they have been held in storage a

few days. If infected, fruit is packed brown rot and may spread to adjacent fruit in the

container. In storage, infected fruit have a characteristic pungent, rancid odor.

Phytophthora can survive in the soil for many years and spread and infect the

trees during moist cool to moderate temperature; some infection may occur on summer,

depending on the species. Phytophthora is most destructive pathogen of Citrus trees . It

has been causing severe crop losses to citrus orchard much before its discovery in real

scientific term. The primary means by which Phytophthora spp. are spread through citrus

orchards is by use of infested nursery stock.

Phytophthora is a water mold (Class Oomycetes, formerly a fungus-like protist)

that is found throughout the world. Under favorable conditions (high moisture and

temperature) it produces large numbers of motile zoospores that can swim in water for

short distances. These zoospores are the infective agents that may be transported in rain

or irrigation to the roots. When zoospores contact roots they encyst, germinate and enter

the root tip resulting in rot of the entire rootlet.

The symptomatic diagnosis of main diseases like foot rot or gummosis, fibrous

root rot, brown fruit rot and dieback of twigs and leaves, are reviewed. Biological and

instrumental diagnosis as well as routine laboratory tests are revised, for inoculum

monitoring, sampling plant, rootstock resistance, grafting, as well as nurseries sanitary

practices are illustrated, together with pruning, surgery, and cultural practices like soil

preparation, fertilization, irrigation and soil management, and weeds control. Chemical

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control methods are also reviewed, with reference to the use of systemic fungicides for

control of trunk gummosis, root rot and brown rot of fruits.

Fungicide is a substance, often a chemical that is used to kill fungi, fungal spores

and fungal infections. They are both natural fungicides and synthetic fungicides

available. In general, commercial fungicide are commonly used in horticulture in order to

kill fungal pathogens that have infected plants.

Fungicides are biocidal chemical compounds or biological organism used to kill

parasitic fungi or their spores. Fungi can caused serious damage in agriculture and to

fight fungal infections in animals. Fungicides can either be contact, translaminar or

systematic. Contact fungicides are not taken up into the plant tissue and protect only the

plant where the spray is deposited. Translaminar fungicides redistribute the fungicide

from the upper, sprayed leaf surface to the lower, unsprayed surface. Systematic

fungicides are taken up and redistributed through the xylem vessels. Few fungicides

move on all parts of the plants. Some are locally systematic, and some move upwardly.

Fungicides are a class of pesticides used for killing or inhabiting the growth of

fungus. They are extensively used in pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, in protection

of seed during storage and in preventing the growth of fungi that produce toxins. Hence,

fungicide production is constantly increasing as a result of their great importance to

agriculture. Although they can slow or stop the development of new symptoms, many

fungicides are design only to prevent disease.

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Fungicides are pesticides that kill or prevent the growth of fungi and their spores.

They can be used to control the fungi that damage plants, including rusts, mildews and

blights. They might also used to control mold and mildew in other setting. Fungicide

works in a variety of ways but most of them damage fungal cell membranes or imterfere

with energy production within fungal cells.

Fungicides, also called antimycotic, any toxic substance used to kill or inhabit

growth of fungi. They are generally used to control parasitic fungi that either cause

economic damage to crop or ornamental plants. Most agricultural and horticultural

fungicides are applied as sprays or dusts. Systematic fungicides or chemotherapeutants,

are applied to plants, where they become distributed throughout the tissue and act to

eradicate existing disease or to protect against possible disease. Fungicides kill

pathogenic or parasitic fungi by disrupting their critical cellular processes. However, the

overuse of fungicides has led to the evolution of resistance in certain fungal species.

Fosetyl-Al which is sold under the trade name, Alliete is a systematic fungicide

used to control damping off and rot of plant roots, stems and fruits, It is applied as a plant

dip treatment and a drench for transplants, by incorporating it to the soil prior to planting,

and by applying it to the foliage. In a low phosphate medium, fosetyl Al showed a much

higher activity in vitro against Phytophthora. Both fosetyl-al, and more particularly

phosphorus acid were highly inhibitory in vitro against several species of phytophthora.

Fosetyl-Al is an aluminum salt composed of ethyl phosphonate anions and

aluminum cations. It is a fungicide for various horticultural crops used to control a range

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of diseases including Phytophthora, Pythium and Plasmopara. It has a role as an

antifungal agrochemical. Phytophtgora diseases can be able to suppress with the

availability of two systematic fungicide, metalaxyl and fosetyl-al, more effective and less

laborious tools have become available for the control of Phytophthora infections. Copper

fungicides or fesetyl-Al applied via foliar spray prior to seqasonal rainfalls are principally

effective against brown rot and canopy blight.

Fosetyl-al production may result in its release to the environment through various

waste streams; its use as a fungicide will result in its direct release to the environment.

Occupational exposure to fosety-aluminum may occur through inhalation and dermal

contact with the compound at wokplaces where fosetyl al is produced or used.

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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY

A. MATERIALS
EQUIPMENT TOOLS
Blender Bottle
Spoon
Sifter

B. PROCEDURE
1. Collect banana peel and potato peel.

2. Blend the collected peels using the blender.

3. Filter the liquid produced in the peels.

4. Pour it in a clean bottle.

5. Bottle of stock solution using an organic fungicide.

C. CAUTIONS
1. Make sure the procedures are done properly.

2. Be careful on using the blender while blending the peels.

3. Use a clean bottle when you pour the liquid.

4. Do not use a fresh banana peel and potato peel.

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