Answer key

B Modal verbs: might, could, may and can

Unit 1
1
Reading and Use of English, page 4 1 live here, but we never see him
Part 8 Multiple matching 2 (very) well be asked to speak French during the
1 interview
B 3 not have known you were married
2 4 (well) have got it
1C 2A 3D 4B 5D 5 as well sell it
6A 7B 8C 9D 10 B 6 have told me you were vegetarian
7 have been enjoying herself very much
Vocabulary, page 6
2
A Verb and noun collocations
1 can 2 could 3 may 4 could 5 may 6 could
1 into 2 with 3 out 4 in 5 to 7 could
B Adjective and noun collocations
Reading and Use of English, page 9
1
1 inside 2 resounding 3 burning 4 hard Part 1 Multiple-choice cloze
5 terrible 6 urgent 7 heated 8 outlying 1C 2B 3A 4C 5D
2 6D 7A 8B
1 slim 2 recurrent 3 daunting 4 poor 5 overnight Writing, page 10
6 dismal 7 lifelong 8 sporting
Part 2 Formal letter: application
C Word formation
1
1 exposure 2 proposals 3 inflexibility 4 vacancies
Suggested answers:
5 emphasis 6 requirements 7 closeness 8 shortage
9 irrelevance 10 notoriety possess good communication skills, be well-
organized, have relevant experience, an eye for detail,
Language focus, page 7 an ability to work well under pressure, an ability to
work to deadlines, an ability to use your initiative, be
A Spelling
dynamic, of smart appearance, versatile, etc
Incorrect spelling Correct spelling
2
writting writing
The following are incorrect:
apeared appeared 1 apply 2 must 3 enveloped 4 destined 5 place
Loosers Losers 6 number 7 chores 8 conduct 9 sorting 10 learnt
wich which 11 rise for 12 own 13 complete 14 welcome
agressive aggressive 15 actual
wellfare welfare 3
totaly totally How to go about it:
althought although Paragraph organization in Lara Goodrich’s letter
their there 1 reasons for writing
ougth ought 2 relevant experience
adition addition 3 reasons for applying, suitability for job
intervue interview 4 availability
where were 5 closing comment

oportunity opportunity
impresive impressive
Unit 2
pane pain Reading and Use of English, page 12
too to Part 5 Multiple choice
extremly extremely 1D 2B 3C 4A 5B 6D
innacuracies inaccuracies
faithfuly faithfully
1
Answer key

Vocabulary, page 14 Unit 3

Changes Reading and Use of English, page 20
1
Part 7 Gapped text
1 transferred 2 shifted 3 adapted 4 altered
1E 2A 3B 4C 5F 6 D
2 G = not used
1B 2D 3A 4C 5A
3 Vocabulary, page 22
A Adjective and noun collocations
1 condition
6 scene 2 heart
7 law3 pace 4 direction 5 fortunes
8 attitudes 1
Across: 3 ambition 5 aroma 6 method 8 success
Language focus, page 15
11 change 12 challenge
1 Down: 1 changes 2 odour 4 information 7 failure
1 used to 2 was (still) eating 3 met 4 have eaten 9 chance 10 smell
5 have seen/saw 6 had caught 7 have stayed 2 Possible answers
8 hadn’t given 9 have done 10 to sit (see also Wordlist on pages 208–209 of the Coursebook)
2 lifelong/secret ambition
A pleasant/sweet aroma
1 has been putting 2 has managed 3 has met convenient/efficient method
4 believed/used to believe 5 asked/used to ask/would huge/great success
ask 6 have changed 7 said 8 lit/used to light/ refreshing/pleasant change
would light formidable/major challenge
B
far-reaching/significant changes
1 went 2 saw/had seen 3 was working/worked
acrid/stale odour
4 booked/had booked 5 Having washed 6 had just
landed 7 had been experiencing 8 would take/was biased/reliable information
going to take 9 spent 10 didn’t arrive 11 had been total/continued failure
sitting 12 had left/would be leaving/was going to slight/remote chance
leave/was leaving 13 had ever had 14 would be/was faint/rancid smell
going to be
B Verb and noun collocations
Reading and Use of English, page 16 1
Part 2 Open cloze 1 an ambition 2 information 3 a challenge
1 nowhere 2 should 3 which 4 went 5 with 4 change 5 a problem 6 a possibility 7 a smell
6 as 7 what 8 however/though 2
Part 3 Word formation 1 pursue 2 gathering 3 presents 4 resisting
5 resolved 6 looking into 7 get rid of
1 beautifully 2 adaptation 3 dissatisfaction
4 starring 5 sales 6 variation 7 discovery C Word formation
8 threatens 1 ignorant 2 countless 3 inaccessible 4 numerous
5 surprisingly 6 literary 7 unsuccessful 8
Part 4 Key word transformation comparative 9 dramatically 10 introductory
1 have warned/told you not to 2 didn’t use to like/
enjoy 3 would like to have carried/gone 4 like to
Language focus, page 24
express my dissatisfaction 5 would sooner have 1
stayed 6 you rather I hadn’t let 1 had seen/watched 2 rather/sooner have 3 been
for 4 have worn/taken 5 to have 6 Had I
Writing, page 18 7 you had, would/could have 8 might/would not/
never, been driving/travelling/going
Part 2 Formal and informal letter 2
2
1 satisfaction 2 deal 3 knowledge 1 C 2 A, B, C 3 B 4 A, B, C 5 A, B 6 B, C 7 C
4 explanations 5 attention 6 improve 7 Firstly 8 A, C
8 departure 9 failed 10 addition 11 illness
12 Finally 13 discover/learn/hear 14 arrival
15 entrance/admission

2
Answer key

Reading and Use of English, page 25 D Indeed, realizing my own limitations was a sharp
learning curve; it helped me redress the balance I
Part 1 Multiple-choice cloze
needed in life and identify new priorities.
1D 2C 3C 4B 5D
3C
6A 7C 8C
A I expected my employers to be sympathetic but I was,
Part 2 Open cloze in essence, given an ultimatum; get back to work or
1 go 2 even 3 It 4 Having 5 to 6 with move on, and it was this attitude that has left a bitter
7 However 8 took taste.
C At the same time, I resent the fact that my superiors
Writing, page 26 were well aware of my level of fatigue and anxiety and
Part 2 Review did nothing to alleviate it. You know then that you are
2 a mere cog in the machine.
4D
para 1: grab reader’s attention; introduce the
performance for review A Anecdotal evidence suggests mine was hardly a
para 2: give background to present performance
unique case, …
para 3: brief summary of plot; positive opinions of B It was physically and emotionally draining but that’s
performance the nature of the executive lifestyle …
para 4: minor criticism; concluding opinions; C That desperate phenomenon of being ‘used up’ by
recommendation years of corporate servitude is something I knew was
prevalent but never contemplated happening to me.
3
D I feel that industry in general has come a long way in
The writer immediately picks out a point of interest: terms of employee welfare; there was a time when you
a largesense
some number of young performers;
of anticipation andin
– will it result creates
a bad got the sense that executives were being driven to the
point of collapse, but corporate ethos appears to have
show? The writer then provides a picture of the
changed since then.
stage filled with skilful dancers and of the audience’s
attention being captured. Verb + noun collocations
4 1/2
varied performances, unique meeting place, 1 taste 2 potential 3 notice 4 grudge 5 credit
straightforward, comic, spellbinding, moving, 6 effort 7 qualms 8 way
particularly accomplished, enormously impressive, Compound nouns
inadequate resources, unavoidable limitations
1 performance, management 2 career 3 pay
5 4 learning
1 debut 2 timing 3 acoustics 4 casting 5 success
6 leads 7 repertoire 8 interpretation Vocabulary, page 30

A Body idioms
Unit 4 1 nose, head 2 foot, eye, eye 3 brains, head 4 feet,
Reading and Use of English, page 28 head 5 face, knees
Part 6 Cross-text multiple matching 2
1B 1 c, h 2 b, f 3 j, a 4 i, d 5 g, e
B Essentially, it was my decision to tolerate the B Time
circumstances.
1 for 2 out 3 aside 4 up 5 of 6 in 7 at 8 to
C In retrospect, I see how this ridiculous situation was 9 on 10 off
self-inflicted – a result of my need for perfection.
2A Language focus, page 31
A I would like to write a piece about the wisdom A Gerunds and infinitives
gained following my disillusionment with my work, 1 refusal to work overtime surprised me.
but that would be fictitious.
2 isn’t worth (you/your) reading that book.
B This gave me the opportunity to take stock and see 3 you like me to carry your bag for you?
how I could combine my passion for music with a new
career. 4 made a big/great/every effort to give up junk food.
C I took a sabbatical and finally had the mental space 5 appreciate you/your coming at such short notice.
to reassess my priorities and myself: whereas I once 6 couldn’t help laughing when he said that.
regarded my obsessive qualities as a professional 7 had better leave now if you don’t want to miss/or
advantage, since then, I have made a conscious effort you’ll miss the bus.
to suppress them.
8 have difficulty remembering names.
3
Answer key

9 were made to clean up the mess. 4

10 to him/his being treated so badly. but two other developments have restricted the nature
and quality of leisure time activities
B Punctuation
Sadly, youngsters now spend more time in the home
1 Since employees 2 night, profits 3 doubled.
they stay in to watch television, or perhaps worse,
4 nights 5 director, went 6 explained that
attend wild pop concerts or parties, where they dance
7 ‘Often 8 Mistry, 9 accounts department in uncontrolled ways
10 women. 11 don’t 12 other’s 13 It’s 5
14 years, said 15 However, 16 now,’ he confessed.
a The growth in the popularity of the car
Reading and Use of English, page 32 b particularly with the construction of motorways
c the increased wealth and greater amount of free
Part 1 Multiple-choice cloze
time available to young people
1D 2A 3C 4B 5A 6B 7D 8B
Part 2 Open cloze Unit 5
1 to 2 although/though/while/whilst/whereas 3 of Reading and Use of English, page 36
4 at 5 once 6 is 7 on 8 not
Part 7 Gapped text
Part 3 Word formation
1 D 2 C 3 F 4 E 5 G 6 A B = not used
1 representatives 2 determination 3 leadership
4 attendance 5 applicants 6 preferred/preferable Vocabulary, page 38
7 competitive 8 receipt
A Adjective and noun collocations
Writing, page 34 1
Part 2 Reports 1 love 2 feelings 3 couple 4 relationship 5 friend
6 family 7 argument 8 tension
2
2
The correct order and possible headings are:
1 love-hate 2 pointless 3 unrequited 4 mixed
4 Introduction 2 General background 1 The effect 5 immediate 6 close 7 courting 8 social
of the car 5 The effect of television 3 Future
developments B Verbs
3 1 a called b call
Language used to compare the past and the 2 a fell b fell
present: 3 a took b takes
Street games … are no longer such a common sight. 4 a turned b turn
cycling … is becoming less attractive
youngsters now spend more time in the home … Language focus, page 39
The main difference between now and twenty years A Relative clauses
ago … 1 who 2 which 3 which 4 whose 5 where 6 why
the increased wealth and greater amount of free time 7 who 8 that/who
available … B Alternatives to relative clauses
Where previously whole families … , now children … 1
Courting couples rarely go ballroom dancing … as 1 Venus and Serena Williams – tennis players (Maud
they once did; instead … Watson beat her sister Lilian in the first women’s final
Language used to make future predictions: in 1884).
Teenagers and people in their twenties may well 2 Michael and Ralf Schumacher – Formula 1 racing
spend … drivers
They might even begin to wish … 3 The Marx brothers – actors. Groucho (3b), Chico,
Harpo, Zeppo and Gummo
Different ways of referring to young people: 4 Janet and Michael Jackson – popstars. The group
young people, our youth, teenagers and people in
their twenties, children, courting couples was The Jackson 5 (later The Jacksons).
Different ways of referring to free time: 2
free time, spare time, leisure time 1 b the one who won the battle of the sisters
2 a a go-kart which was powered by a lawnmower
engine.
b the first one who phoned his mother.
4
Answer key

3 a Monkey Business, Duck Soup and A Night at

the Opera, all of which were released/which
Unit 6
were all released in the 1930s. Reading and Use of English, page 44
b a moustache which was painted on with black Part 8 Multiple matching
greasepaint 1
4 a Fans who were hoping to see Janet b The writer reports what the pupils and teachers
b a group which comprised himself and four of have said about Henry (for example: undisputed
his eight brothers and sisters. star/soulful eyes/a pupil’s best friend/a super dog/a
calming influence, etc). She does not use any
Reading and Use of English, page 40 language to argue or disagree with these descriptions.
Part 1 Multiple-choice cloze 2
1B 2A 3D 4B 5A 6D 7B 8C 1E 2F 3B 4C 5B
6D 7 A 8D 9F 10 D
Part 3 Word formation
1 enthusiastically 2 uneasy 3 anxiety 4 breeding Vocabulary, page 46
5 recognition 6 dominant (not dominating)
7 weight 8 behaviour A Sleep
1 to 2 up 3 through 4 into 5 over 6 on 7 off
Part 4 Key word transformation 8 from
1 took/went to (great) pains to keep/stay
B Abilities
2 an instant/instantaneous dislike to
1d 2b 3e 4a 5f 6c
3 tendency to get on
4 he had/he’d known whose it C Adjectives in film reviews
5 reason why I look 1 unconvincing 2 innovative 3 clichéd 4 gripping
5 over-hyped 6 moving 7 excruciating 8 stunning
6 Sue would stop looking down
Language focus, page 47
Writing, page 41
1
Part 1 Essay
1a 2b 3b 4a 5b
2
2
a The writer talks about the methods referred to as
‘punishment’ and ‘activities’. 1 is understood to be planning a takeover bid for its
rival
b He discusses the use of imprisonment and tougher
sentencing. However, he decides this is a less 2 are said (by police) to have taken place on Monday
important method because young people may come 3 motorcyclist is believed to have been travelling at
in contact with more experienced criminals. over 100 mph

c He antisocial
with believes that a more effective
behaviour way of
is by creating dealing
more sports 4 were thought
outbreak of fluto be/to have been responsible for the
facilities and free classes in subjects young people 5 was alleged to have lied in order to protect her
would enjoy. boyfriend
3 6 my camera stolen last weekend
a providing proof: 7 to get/have your eyes tested
evidence suggests that 8 got my foot stuck in the hole
a recent survey found that
Reading and Use of English, page 48
b stating your own opinion:
there is no doubt in my mind Part 2 Open cloze
it is therefore my firm belief 1 being/getting 2 do 3 only/just/merely
4 themselves 5 which 6 as/being 7 for/without
c showing causes and results:
8 be/get
this, in turn, could result in
is linked to Part 1 Multiple-choice cloze
could have long-term benefits 1C 2B 3D 4C 5A 6D 7A 8C
d showing contrast: Part 3 Word formation
However, whereas 1 participants 2 objective 3 distraction
4 4 significantly 5 memorable 6 unpredictable
7 habitually 8 productivity
1b 2e 3a 4f 5c 6d

5
Answer key

Writing, page 50 Unit 7

Part 2 Proposal Reading and Use of English, page 52
1
Part 7 Gapped text
B is the better answer. It is clearly structured using
1
appropriate headings. The vocabulary is more
formal and appropriate for the target readership. For 1D 2E 3A 4B 5G
example, the language of suggestion: A uses ‘why don’t 6C F = not used
we’, ‘let’s’, ‘what about’; B uses ‘suggest’, ‘recommend’, 2

‘my final proposal’.

vocabulary, A doesn’t
e.g. ‘really’, demonstrate
‘think’, a rangeThe
etc are repeated. of set out – arranged or displayed in writing
set up – started running a business
language and structures in B are more complex, e.g.
passive voice (is required), participle clause (requiring), 3
conditional, modals (must, should, would), etc. 2b 3e 4a 5g 6f 7d
2
Vocabulary, page 54
1 set 2 would 3 using 4 be 5 to invite
A Complaints and injuries
3
1 swollen, sprained, torn
Expanding the mind
2 blinding, upset, blocked
Debating is an ancient skill and one that is equally 3 bruised, chipped, dislocated
relevant today. In essence, a debate involves speakers
who argue for and against a given proposition. To B Phrasal verbs
do this successfully they must divorce themselves 1 a come b come
from their emotions and instead present reasoned 2 a brought b brought
arguments in a persuasive style, a process requiring 3 a worn b worn
meticulous planning. This said, however, the 4 a put b put
debater must be able to deviate from the plan if
C Word formation
they gauge that their arguments are meeting with
unexpected success (or otherwise!). Thus, the debater 1
is required to think both in advance and on their -en en-
feet, a combination that requires a unique form of deafen encourage
intellectual dexterity heighten endanger
Student participation deepen enrich
A debating club will be well-attended if we promote sadden enforce
it in a lively way. To do this I suggest that we choose
topics that are humorous or irreverent so as to broaden
engage young people. We shouldthen put up posters 2
around the college advertising upcoming debates. In 1 heightened 2 deepening 3 encouraging
addition, I recommend posting a short video on the 4 endangered 5 enforcement 6 saddened
college website showing an example of an entertaining 7 broadens/broadened, enriches/enriched
debate. My final proposal is awarding prizes to the 8 deafening
winner of each event to provide a further element of
competition. Language focus, page 55
Conclusion Reported speech
Debating is a highbrow pastime that is enjoyable 1
so it would be popular with the students. As such,
The following words should be crossed out:
a debating club would be a valuable addition to the
college. 1 refused/offered 2 denied/claimed 3 accused/
complained 4 persuaded/encouraged
5 complimented/congratulated 6 suggested/argued
7 urge/convince 8 told/assured 9 suggested/
proposed 10 ordered/insisted
2
1 a he would cut b to cut
2 a thought I should take b (that) I (should) take/
(that) I took
3 a they had to leave b them to leave
4 a he had always loved b having always loved

6
Answer key

5 a hadn’t stolen it b having stolen it/

stealing it
Unit 8
6 a was paid b to have been paid Reading and Use of English, page 60
7 a she could take b his name (should) Part 5 Multiple choice
not 1
8 a had been abducted b have been abducted 1D 2D 3C 4A 5C 6B

Reading and Use of English, page 57 2

1c 2a 3b
Part 1 Multiple-choice cloze
1B 2D 3C 4D 5A 6B 7A 8C 3
Part 2 Open cloze 1H 2D 3H 4H 5D
1 do 2 are 3 these 4 either 5 before 6 not 7 If 4
8 until/till a underhand b devious c reputable d candid
Part 4 Key word transformation e straight
1 hugely beneficial to us if
Vocabulary, page 62
2 to have a significant effect on
3 objected to his photograph being/objected to A Verbs formed with up, down, over and under
having his photograph 1
4 insisted on giving 1 uphear 2 overgo 3 underroot 4 uprule
5 I should have/(that) I have the operation on 5 downhold

6 formal complaint, they agreed to look 2

1 uphold/overrule 2 undergo 3 update/upgrade
Writing, page 58 4 undercut 5 downplay
Part 2 Review B Adjectives formed within, off, on, out and over
2 1 oncoming 2 ongoing 3 outlying 4 off-duty
Yes 5 inborn
3 C Plans
1 title 2 performance 3 nomination 4 set 1
5 scenes 6 climax 7 score 8 action 9 insight 1 emergency 2 devious 3 impracticable 4 carry
10 lines out 5 put forward 6 shelve
4 2
extremely powerful acting performance 1 impracticable 2 emergency 3 devious 4 shelved

well-deserved Oscar nomination 5 carrying out 6 put forward

the boxing scenes are entirely convincing D Amount
(the film builds up to) a dramatic climax
1d 2f 3a 4e 5b 6c
(Michael Mann’s) expert direction
the moving musical score Language focus, page 64
(one of the most) memorable moments (of the film) A Talking about the future
(it provides) a fascinating insight (into) 1C 2C 3B 4C 5D
witty lines 6C 7A 8B
5 B Determiners
is reason enough to see the film 1 no other 2 every other 3 Every few 4 another
don’t be put off if you’re not a boxing fan two 5 quite a few/quite a lot of 6 quite some
7 not much 8 some three
There’s something for everyone in the film

will have you laughing out loud Reading and Use of English, page 65
Part 2 Open cloze
1 the 2 in(to) 3 for 4 Although/Though/While/
Whilst/Whereas 5 by 6 its 7 us 8 to
Part 3 Word formation
1 undergone 2 undoubtedly/doubtlessly

7
Answer key

3 inaccuracy/inaccuracies 4 significant Vocabulary, page 70

5 irresistibly 6 threatening 7 tendency
A Describing an adventure
8 productivity/production
1
Part 4 Key word transformation 1 set 2 ran 3 rang 4 turned 5 won 6 kicked
1 on no fewer than 2 is second to none when 3 the 2
most of the conference by 4 you would turn down
1 gruelling 2 arid 3 intrepid 4 swirling 5 idyllic
5 lose his temper for no 6 will/can be installed at no
extra/additional B Criticism

Writing, page 67 1
1 constructive 2 valid 3 upset by 4 arouse
Part 1 Essay 5 respond to 6 draw
2 2
1 concern 2 claims 3 coverage 4 status 1A 2B 3D 4C
5 resources 6 action 7 importance
C Word formation

Unit 9 1
1 supporting 2 composure 3 entry 4 hardship
Reading and Use of English, page 68 5 identity
Part 6 Cross-text multiple matching 2
1 1 winning entry 2 Supporting Actor 3 a case of
1D mistaken identity 4 regained his composure
5 caused considerable hardship
A … in her latest work she does not disappoint.
B … this one is worthy of the same volume of praise. Language focus, page 71
C … but it has turned out to be a risk worth taking.
Creating emphasis
D … there is a sense of inconsequentiality.
1
2A
1 have 2 what 3 because 4 and 5 it 6 so
A Although Windham cannot claim this approach as
hers alone, … Reading and Use of English, page 72
C The idea of the set piece (rather than continuous
Part 1 Multiple-choice cloze
narrative) owes much to In Patagonia, the seminal
work of travel writer Bruce Chatwin. 1B 2B 3D 4C 5D 6B 7B 8A
3B Part 2 Open cloze
A … employing a frankness about her own occasional 1 no/little 2 those 3 for 4 unless 5 By 6 have
naivety which puts her in situations of jeopardy. 7 from 8 since
B Sentences 1–4 Part 3 Word formation
C … unlike Chatwin’s fictionalized anecdotes of real
1 safety 2 handful 3 consultant 4 enabled
people and places, Windham gives us an undistorted
account of her interactions with characters from all 5 uninhibited 6 readily 7 deterrent 8 temptation
walks of life … Part 4 Key word transformation
D … none of these encounters lacks vividness or 1 only when we were in/reached the
authenticity, …
2 is all (that) Steve ever talks
4B
3 wasn’t/was not until we (’d/had) arrived
B It is her eye for fine detail and her ability to describe
it in ways that convince the reader that the memories 4 while I was having a look
are their own … 5 it turned out to
D … her pen becomes a paint brush that conveys the
6 into a heated argument
shades and hues, the light and the dark of her subjects,
and the reader is fully present in the experience. Writing, page 74
2
Part 2 Report
1 turned 2 on 3 set 4 across 5 one 6 for
2
1F 2T 3F 4T 5F
3
1 poor 2 likely 3 unqualified 4 destructive
5 prosperous
8
Answer key

2 come to/made/taken/reached the/a decision to

Unit 10
3 to keep an eye on
Reading and Use of English, page 76
4 is bound to be a change
Part 5 Multiple choice
5 to take/accept responsibility for
1
6 suggested (that) we get rid of/suggested we should
1B 2D 3A 4C 5A 6B get rid of

Vocabulary, page 78 Writing, page 82

1 Part 1 Essay
A B 2
1 owl 1 stomach might motivate, for want of, as a result, in this
2 mouse 2 leaves way, would subsequently provide, would generate
3 bee 3 drum opportunities
4 dog 4 music 3
5 lion 5 floorboards 1 confirmed 2 ignored 3 forgotten
4 misrepresented 5 condemned 6 applauded
2
1C 2A 3B 4D 5D
6B 7D 8A 9B 10 D
Unit 11
Reading and Use of English, page 84
Language focus, page 79
Part 8 Multiple matching

Participle clauses 1
1 Lord of the Rings: Return of the King won 11 1 B 2 E 3 D 4 B 5 C 6 D 7 A 8 D 9 A 10 C
Oscars, equalling the record held by Ben Hur and
2
Titanic for the highest number of Academy Awards.
1 inspiration 2 alongside 3 benefit 4 hooked
2 Having finally discovered where the leak was, we
5 blown 6 associated 7 interest 8 take
called in a plumber.
3 The school now has 1254 students, representing a Vocabulary, page 86
six per cent increase on last year’s figure.
A Sight
4 Part of the stadium roof collapsed, injuring six
spectators. 1 visibility 2 eyesight, vision 3 eye 4 look 5 sight
6 full 7 closer 8 naked 9 keep 10 catch
5 Not being a parent, I can take my holidays
whenever I like. B Read and write
6 The team has had a disastrous season so far, 1

winning/having
games. won only three of its last sixteen 1 off 2 up 3 out 4 into
2
7 Our parents having gone away for the weekend, my a4 b2 c1 d3
brother and I had a party.
8 Walking home from school yesterday, I bumped Language focus, page 87
into Alex.
Inversion
Reading and Use of English, page 79 1
1 no 2 have 3 are 4 but 5 Not 6 Under 7 when/
Part 2 Open cloze
if 8 will/can 9 Only 10 On
1 not 2 with 3 one 4 having 5 whereas/while/ 2
whilst 6 in 7 which 8 no/little
Suggested answers:
Part 1 Multiple-choice cloze
1 had I got 2 she saw 3 have I had 4 will I allow
1C 2D 3B 4D 5D 6C 7A 8C 5 had he started 6 did I think 7 will I follow/take
Part 3 Word formation 8 did they realize/know
1 guaranteed 2 Costing 3 fitted 4 uninterrupted Reading and Use of English, page 88
5 luxurious 6 equipped 7 running 8 permission
Part 1 Multiple-choice cloze
Part 4 Key word transformation 1C 2B 3D 4A 5B 6C 7C 8A
1 wishing/wanting to let down

9
Answer key

Part 3 Word formation Language focus, page 95

1 environmental 2 specialized 3 depth 4 insight A Conjunctions
5 perceptions 6 advising 7 encourages/encouraged
8 independent Suggested answers:
1 I enjoyed the film Ali even though I don’t like
Part 4 Key word transformation
boxing.
1 off/out than we caught sight
2 They won the game despite the fact that two of
2 in spite of being/having been brought their players were sent off.
3 closer look (at it) did we 3 We’d better/We ought tophone her, otherwise she’ll
4 to/would be such a low/poor/small turnout worry about us.
5 with being in the public eye 4 However I comb my hair, it always looks a mess!
6 sure/certain your valuables are kept out 5 I’ll leave the plate there in case you want some
more later.
Writing, page 90 6 We spoke very quietly so as not to wake up my dad.
Part 2 Formal email
B Modal verbs
2
1 permitted 2 forbidden 3 recommended
college, student leader, tertiary institution,
4 required 5 obliged 6 supposed 7 presumed
undergraduates, vocational and academic courses,
science and technology, sister school, related 8 obligatory
subjects, academic tradition
Reading and Use of English, page 96
3
1 although 2 additionally 3 and at the same time Part 1 Multiple-choice cloze
4 none possible 5 as since 6 in addition/what is more 1D 2A 3A 4B 5C 6B 7D 8C
4 Part 2 Open cloze
1 However/On the other hand 2 but 3 While/In
1 what 2 there 3 which 4 to 5 but 6 so
spite of the fact that 4 so 5 therefore/as a result
7 without 8 the
6 Moreover/In addition/Furthermore 7 In spite of
the fact that 8 Despite Part 3 Word formation
1 knowledge 2 discovery 3 intensifies 4 erosion
Unit 12 5 unreliable 6 threatened 7 endangered 8 survival
Reading and Use of English, page 92 Part 4 Key word transformation
Part 7 Gapped text 1 in perfect/full working order
1 2 in case the shops run/sell
1G 2E 3B 4F 5C 3 otherwise tigers/the tiger could/may/might die/be
6A D = not used wiped
2
4 not knowing/speaking a single word/bit of
1 tap, sparkling 2 drinking 3 rain 4 salt
5 running 6 flood 5 never to have lent
6 manager unless you work on/at your
Vocabulary, page 94
A Attitude adverbials Writing, page 98
1 ridiculously 2 worryingly 3 unusually 4 Funnily Part 2 Proposal
5 laughably 6 understandably 1
B Collocations with work 1 This has led to 2 therefore 3 also 4 instead
5 Whilst 6 As well as 7 Clearly 8 Finally
1 conservation work 2 consultancy work 3 work
9 In order to 10 as
experience 4 work permit 5 social work
6 restoration work 7 casual work 8 work incentive 2
A substantial proportion of the budget should therefore
C Approximation
be allocated to
1a
Money might also be spent on
a Some b roughly c Upwards
funds would also need to be set aside for
2
some of the budget should be devoted to
1 something 2 so 3 Very 4 Just 5 round
6 upwards 7 some 8 something

10
Answer key

B Expressions with eat

Unit 13
1
Reading and Use of English, page 100
1 home 2 hand 3 profits 4 words 5 horse 6 bird
Part 6 Cross-text multiple matching 2
1 2a 3f 4b 5e 6d
1A
C Intensifiers
A … evident in the modern world is that, religion aside,
people will choose to reject certain foods to mark social 1b 2e 3f 4h 5d
6a 7g 8c
boundaries; class, wealth, ethical viewpoint, and so on.
B … religion is still central in governing what is Language focus, page 103
regarded as fit to be consumed, or not.
Comparisons
C Foods considered sacred and taboo have been defined
by religion; … 1 … I worked as a security guard …
D … in most cases, the exclusion of foods from a diet 2 … attracted her to him as/but his warm …
continues to be a deliberate act of worship. 3 … anywhere near as hard …
2B 4 … a great deal more convenient …
B … the ‘audience’ was not peripheral. Rather it was 5 … the film was so hugely successful …
their unification which was the goal of the shared 6 … the same way as certain types …
meal.
D In sharing a meal, we reinforce the ties that bind Reading and Use of English, page 104
us to family, friends, associates, or even larger social Part 1 Multiple-choice cloze
groups.
3C 1C 2D 3B 4C 5C 6A 7B 8B
Part 2 Open cloze
A … no longer is there a necessity to partake of a meal
in a wider group setting. 1 it/this 2 While/Whilst/Although/Though
3 everyone 4 behind 5 despite 6 becoming/being
B Even until the last century, the tradition of younger
7 by 8 them
generations returning to the matriarchal home for the
ritual weekly gathering and grandmother’s cooking was Part 3 Word formation
still prevalent. It seems, rather sadly, that this has been 1 imaginative 2 proof 3 unattractive
abandoned, perhaps in favour of other pursuits. 4 refreshingly 5 combinations 6 heights
C There appears to be a resurgence of interest in the 7 encouraging 8 fussiest
concept of cooking and providing for the larger group;
Part 4 Key word transformation
…
1 up a big/an appetite during 2 much in what you
D And as the craftsmanship involved with food
say as 3 close second to the 4 of independence, in
continues to die out, so do the celebrations that
bring people together. Must we be doomed to a contrast a 5 was nowhere near as spicy 6 you fell
for such to
life of flavoured pills eaten in self-inflicted solitary
confinement? Writing, page 106
4D
Part 1 Essay
C … we have developed a hasty and mechanical
2
approach to the making of meals …
1 preferable 2 establishment 3 were 4 having
D … the meals that you make ready for yourself,
5 to give 6 As soon as 7 is 8 could be
or which have been made ready for you, have been
produced with little thought and attention.
2
Unit 14
1 explained as 2 later did 3 no means 4 favour of Reading and Use of English, page 108
5 What is 6 no less 7 a good 8 so do Part 5 Multiple choice
1B 2C 3C 4D 5A 6A
Vocabulary, page 102
A Phrasal verbs and prepositions Vocabulary, page 110
a Eating and drinking A Money
1 off 2 down 3 at 4 up 1 counterfeit 2 pocket 3 housekeeping 4 ransom
5 redundancy 6 sponsorship
b Deception
1 into 2 on 3 at 4 for

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Answer key

B Verbs usually associated with money students to 4 investing in, unsatisfactory 5 begin
1 construction of
1C 2B 3C 4A 5D 3
2 1 suited 2 short 3 complete
1 pay 2 owe 3 lend 4 save 5 borrow Task 3
3 1 stroll, b 2 soak, e 3 splash, a 4 hike, d 5 take, c
1 owe, an apology 2 pay, respects 3 borrowed,
word 4 owed, a favour 5 paying, a compliment Listening bank
Language focus, page 111 Unit 1, page 116
Noun phrases Listening Part 1 Multiple choice
1 1B 2A 3A 4C 5B 6C
1 sign 2 matter 3 grain, pack 4 sense 5 state
Unit 2, page 117
6 source 7 depths, height 8 chances
2 Listening Part 2 Sentence completion
1 bottle of water 2 door handle 3 a scrap of 1 clear details 2 soft edges 3 desert 4 traditional
evidence 4 pieces of advice 5 three-page essay 6 a values 5 (popular) magazines 6 emotional response
week’s work 7 mountain tops 8 last April’s edition 7 value 8 information

Reading and Use of English, page 112 Unit 3, page 118

Part 2 Open cloze Listening Part 3 Multiple choice
1 if/though 2 to 3 there 4 in 5 one 6 out 1B 2A 3C 4B 5D 6C
7 spite 8 being
Unit 4, page 119
Part 3 Word formation
Listening Part 4 Multiple matching
1 deception 2 contestant 3 trial 4 numerous
1 H 2 G 3 D 4 A 5 F 6 E 7 B 8 H 9 D 10 A
5 unsure 6 strategically 7 recording 8 dishonesty
Part 4 Key word transformation Unit 5, page 120
1 it if you paid/would pay/could pay in Listening Part 1 Multiple choice
2 to be no sign of 1C 2A 3A 4B 5A 6C
3 chances of survival/surviving are thought/seem/
appear Unit 6, page 121
4 had felt/experienced/had (had) a sense of Listening Part 2 Sentence completion
achievement 1 social functions 2 beggars 3 genetic 4 ignore
5 with a regular source/means 5 introverts 6 memories 7 information technology/
6 making/having made the purchase on IT 8 training courses

Writing, page 114 Unit 7, page 122

Part 2 Proposal Listening Part 3 Multiple choice
Task 1 1B 2D 3A 4B 5C 6D
1 Unit 8, page 123
1c 2a 3d 4f 5b 6e
Listening Part 4 Multiple matching
2
1 E 2 C 3 H 4 A 5 G 6 A 7 F 8 H 9 D 10 C
1 price 2 technology 3 design 4 money 5 service
6 warranty Unit 9, page 124
Task 2 Listening Part 3 Multiple choice
1 1B 2D 3A 4D 5C 6B
appreciative constructive polite reasonable
concise persuasive Unit 10, page 125
2 Listening Part 4 Multiple matching
1 large number, enthusiastic 2 am confident, 1 D 2 F 3 A 4 G 5 B 6 E 7 H 8 G 9 B 10 F
conducted 3 Perhaps there could be, allow

12
Answer key

Unit 11, page 126

Listening Part 1 Multiple choice
1B 2C 3A 4C 5B 6A

Unit 12, page 127

Listening Part 2 Sentence completion
1 (family) farm 2 (native) trees 3 rats 4 (walking)
tracks 5 (wire) fences 6 (plant) nursery 7 birds,
insects 8 seeds
Unit 13, page 128
Listening Part 1 Multiple choice
1C 2B 3A 4B 5C 6A

Unit 14, page 129

Listening Part 3 Multiple choice
1A 2B 3D 4B 5C 6A

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