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PACKING INSTRUCTIONS

1.0 GENERAL

The Purchaser reserves the right for addition to and/or modification of the Project 'Packing Instructions' if so required due to
import regulations, transport conditions, technical modifications, contractual arrangements, erection or for any other reason.

This specification sets out the requirements for the packing and transportation of equipment and materials for the Project.

The Supplier shall effectively pack and protect all items having regard to the method of carriage, handling and to the road and
sea conditions through which it will pass whilst being transported to the final destination. All goods shall be prepared and
packed to withstand rough handling, hot sun, heavy rains, sea water and tropical conditions, sustained during long journeys
over rough terrain and periods of unprotected storage.

These packing instructions shall be considered as minimum requirements and if additional measures for the safeguard of the
goods are required according to the experience of the Supplier, they shall be provided.

Where a complete outer protection is required, close boarded cases are to be supplied, not crates, even for protection of
components on skidded break bulk loads. When making cases, skids or bundles the packing shall correspond with the weight
and characteristics of the goods and shall be of such design that damage will not occur to the packed goods by tilting,
displacing, swinging, vibrating, lifting, escaping, or by compression by over stowing.

Cardboard cartons are not acceptable as outside packing unless written acceptance is given by Lycopodium Minerals Pty Ltd.

The packed goods have to be secured within the case against forces horizontally arising (tilting, shunting, fixing of slings, etc.)
in such a way that they may withstand such loads without any damage. The securing can be made by bolting to the skids or
the base, fixing to the base by frame, cushioning between device and case wall, etc. The use of woodwool, hay, straw,
newsprint or any paper for filling purposes is prohibited.

The contents of each case shall be completely weather and dust-proofed by the use of non-permeable film, of suitable strength
such as ‘Polythene’ sheet, tar paper or approved equivalent, to form a sealed moisture barrier. Electrical components or
equipment likely to suffer deterioration by moisture penetration, or entrapped water vapour, shall be protected by the inclusion
within the barrier of absorbent desiccant, i.e. Silica Gel, in new dry vapour permeable bags.

When full container loads (FCL) are packed at the Supplier’s premises, care shall be taken when loading containers with
structural steel, plates, pipes, etc. that they are not packed beyond the safe loading capacity or above the acceptable road and
handling capabilities of the countries within the transit route.

All exposed flanges, machined faces shall be protected by use of plywood covers (minimum thickness 8 mm, minimum over
cover 30 mm) and plugs or cover plates shall be provided on all inlet / outlets.

All exposed equipment parts liable to rust shall be treated with a rust inhibitor, i.e. 'Shell Ensis SDC'.

Rotors of electric motors and rotating elements fitted with anti-friction bearings are to be prevented from movement by clearly
visible external clamps to prevent any internal damage.

Items nominated for final inspection by the Purchaser shall not be packed without the Inspector’s approval.

Packages for sea freight shipment shall be presented on the following basis:

• Break Bulk: Packages presented as loose stow for handling as Break Bulk loads onto suitable vessels. All
packages and lifting equipment, lifting points and marks shall comply with the safety rules for carriage of goods by
sea. (AS 2400, Parts 2, 7 and 13 (BS 1133) or equivalent standard). All packages shall display the gross weight in
kilograms on two sides with 20 cm lettering.

Unitised break bulk packs of structural steel and pipes shall not exceed 12.2 metres in length for roll trailers or
11.8 metres for top stowage into FEU (40’) shipping containers.

• Full Container Loads (FCL): Packages or items stowed into shipping containers at the Supplier’s own premises.
Container weight and stowage rules apply (AS 2400, Part 20 – Handling of Goods in Freight Containers (BS 1133)
or equivalent standard).

• Less than Container Load (LCL): Packages presented to LCL packing stations for groupage into shipping
containers or onto roll trailers for ro-ro ships. There are size limitations on receivals for LCL cargo to allow
packages to be safely loaded into general purpose (dry) containers (AS 2400, Part 2 – Packing Practice (BS 1133)
or equivalent standard).

Maximum Length – 5.9 metres Maximum Height – 2.2 metres

Maximum Width – 2.3 metres Maximum Individual Weight – 6,000 kg

All cases must be forkliftable, fitted with bottom runners to facilitate four way forklift operation and have a top compression
rating of at least 1,000 kilograms per square metre (1,000 kg/m2), (AS 2400, Part 7 – Packaging: Timber Boxes (BS 1133) or
equivalent standard).

Presentation of packages for airfreight shipment is to be packaged in accordance with AS 2400, Part 19 – Packing for Airfreight
(BS 1133 or equivalent standard). Hazardous goods directed for airfreight shall be packed according to IATA requirements
(published by the International Air Transport Association).

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PACKING INSTRUCTIONS

The Supplier shall give early prior warning if any items to be supplied fall into the category of HAZARDOUS or have inherent
risks, i.e. subject to Mechanical Derangement, Magnetic Interference, etc.

Unless the Purchaser agrees otherwise in writing:

• items or equipment shall be prepared in fulfilment of contract in one single consignment

• goods covered under separate purchase order numbers SHALL NOT be packed together.

Packages delivered inadequately marked and/or packed or without appropriate documents will be stored at the nominated
receival area at Supplier’s risk and expense until rectified by the Supplier.

2.0 PACKING INSTRUCTIONS

2.1 Timber Packing Cases – small to medium softwood boarded cases

Cases shall be constructed of timber, plywood, or a combination of these in the following styles and forms of construction.
Selection of the case type and size shall be in accordance with the weight and nature of the items contained and the amount of
protection required.

Preparation: Prepared metal surfaces likely to rust or corrode shall be treated with a suitable preservative ('Shell Ensis' or
equivalent), or otherwise suitably protected, e.g. by enclosure in polythene bags. Care should be taken to prevent working
surfaces being impaired by the application of any preservative. Desiccant bags shall be included where necessary.

Valves: All flanges shall be protected and plugs or cover plates shall be provided on inlets / outlets to prevent ingress of dirt.

Packing: Lock tight nuts shall be used on all securing bolts. Prepacked instruments and the like shall be protected by special
purpose polythene bags, polystyrene beads, polystyrene blocks, etc. All items shall be securely cushioned within the outer
case.

Hay, straw, wood wool, shredded paper or newspaper shall not be used as a cushioning material.

Construction: Construction shall allow for handling by both crane and forklift truck and shall include the fitting of bottom
runners to facilitate 'fourway' forklift operation.

Lining: All cases shall be lined with Kraft Union waterproof paper with a minimum density of 165 grams per square metre or by
the use of non-permeable film, such as Polythene sheet.

2.2 Tongued and Grooved Cases (tongues

towards the top of the box)

 Good quality tongued and grooved

softwood timber shall be used generally in
accordance with AS 2400.7-1990 (BS 1133) or
equivalent standard.

Sheathing boards shall be of minimum thickness of

19 mm.

Baseboards shall be of butt jointed and not tongued

and grooved timber. Substantial battens shall be
used to provide a case sufficiently robust to withstand
the deadweight of contents during handling.

Runners shall be of a minimum cross sectional

dimension not less than 75 mm by 75 mm and placed
at regular intervals to provide a substantial base.

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PACKING INSTRUCTIONS

2.3 Close Boarded Cases 

Good quality rough sawn butt jointed timber

shall be used, generally in accordance with
AS 2400.7-1990 (BS 1133) or equivalent
standard.

Sheathing boards shall be of minimum

thickness of 19 mm.

Baseboards shall be of butt jointed timber.

Substantial battens shall be used to provide a
case sufficiently robust to withstand the
deadweight of contents during handling.

Runners shall be of a minimal cross sectional

dimension not less than 75 mm by 75 mm and
placed at regular intervals to provide a
substantial base.

2.4 Panel Cleated Cases Plywood Cases

(battened construction)

 A nailed timber case having two or more inside or

outside cleats, on two opposite faces, to reinforce the case
and increase its nailing area. Plywood material must be
glued plywood, marine grade. All joints and top screw /
nail holes are to be sealed with silicon sealant.

2.5 Small Plywood Cases 

Very light duty boxes. Small timber cases of batten

and plywood board construction or Plywood cases
(metal-edged construction) designed for lifting by
hand. The package design should ensure ease and
safety in handling with a mass not greater than
30 kg.

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PACKING INSTRUCTIONS

2.6 Skid-Based Case – Large timber containers (i.e. frame sheathed with timber)

Wooden cases (not crates), shall be used for sea freight. They shall be of strong export quality, solid and close jointed, i.e. not
partially-open crate construction.

 Design features of the box

elements in accordance with
AS 2400.7-1990 (BS 1133) or
equivalent standard.

Skids and rails – in which the

major stress is bending. The skid-
type base shall have runners of a
minimum cross dimension not less
than the following sizes:

Mass of Size of
Shipment Timber
Kg mm
Up to 1,000 50 x 100
1,000 to 3,000 100 x 100
3,000 to 7,500 100 x 125
7,500 to 12,500 125 x 125
above 12,500 or heavier as
required

2.7  Skid Based Cases Showing Rails, Sheathing and Skids



Rails – The cases shall be framed with

timber of a minimum cross section of
100 x 50 mm.

Crush Battens – in which the major

stress is compression. One crush
batten should be used at each point
likely to come in contact with lifting-
slings. Sheathing should be covered
with a load-distributing ply or steel plate
in the vicinity of the sling point. Suitable
sizes of crush battens shall be
calculated to accommodate the load.

Sheathing boards – in which the

stresses may be bending, compression
or tension, shall have side and top
panels of 25 mm minimum thickness.

Bottom Sheathing – Boarded bottom

sheathing shall run in the shorter
direction, shall be of a minimum
thickness of 25 mm, and shall be nailed
to the sills or skids. Headers shall be
bolted to the longitudinal skids with a
continuous screw, washer and nut.

Braces – Diagonal members taking the

form of an X shape shall be fitted to
prevent racking (diagonal deformation).

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PACKING INSTRUCTIONS

Preparation: Prepared metal surfaces likely to rust or corrode shall be treated with a suitable preservative ('Shell Ensis' or
equivalent), or otherwise suitably protected, e.g. by enclosure in polythene bags. Care should be taken to prevent working
surfaces being impaired by the application of any preservative.

Valves: All flanges shall be protected and plugs or cover plates shall be provided on inlets / outlets to prevent ingress of dirt.

Packing: Lock tight nuts shall be used on all securing bolts. Prepacked instruments and the like shall be protected by special
purpose polythene bags, polystyrene beans, polystyrene blocks, etc. All items shall be securely cushioned within the outer
container.

Hay, straw, wood wool, shredded paper or newspaper shall not be used as a cushioned material.

Construction: Construction shall allow for handling by both crane and forklift truck and shall include the fitting of bottom
runners to facilitate 'fourway' forklift operation.

Lining: All cases shall be lined with Kraft Union waterproof paper with a minimum density of 165 grams per square metre or by
use of non-permeable film, such as polythene sheet. All cases shall be strapped with 30 mm wide high tensile steel strapping
in at least three places.

2.8 Skids and Specially

Built Pallet Loads

For large and robust loads where

crating is impractical and normally
not necessary for safe handling
and where a heavy duty shrink
wrap plastic used as a moisture
and dust barrier, encloses the load
and is shrunk in-situ by the
application of heat.

Transverse and longitudinal

bottom skids are to be of a
thickness 80 to 100 mm and be
bolted at each cross point.

Fragile items not capable of

removal and separate packing,
such as built-in gauges and
instruments, shall be protected by
an over case or box structure,
secured to the skid by steel
strapping.

Adequate lifting points shall be

provided and care should be taken
to accommodate forklift tines by
provision of centre longitudinal
load bearers, where necessary. All
loads must be securely bolted to
the skids. Any loose or individual
pieces must be firmly strapped to
the skid base, using 30 mm steel
strapping.

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PACKING INSTRUCTIONS

2.9 Fabricated Vessels and Tanks

Shock and corrosion resistant items, heavy lift and bulk cargo items. Includes tanks, steam vessels, flotation columns, etc.

Fabricated components supported with

their own cradles. Lifting lugs shall be
provided on structures that are awkward
or difficult to handle. These must be
within internationally recognised safe
working loads (S.W.L.). Slinging points
and centre of gravity indications shall be
shown on both sides of each package.

Welding directly onto the goods to be

packed may be carried out after the
Engineer’s approval.

Items requiring a separate support

cradle shall have cradle design approval
by the Engineer before commencement
of packing.

 Steel straps (plastic covered) used for securing load to cradles. Turnbuckles to be used as tensioning device. Layers of
artificial rubber or carpet to be placed as cushioning between load and cradle. Where possible nozzles and protrusions should
be turned into the dead space to avoid damage and reduce the cubic volume. Cradles should be designed to be fully
supportive but should not exceed, where possible the maximum width of item contained. The gross weight of each package,
including the cradle weights, shall be shown on both sided, in 20 cm high lettering.

2.10 Fabricated Components and General Mechanical

Largely resistant against physical and chemical influence (UV

radiation, sea and rain water, etc.)

Fabricated components and general mechanical items that have

some impact and corrosion resistant qualities that require little outer
protection for safe transit.

Lifting lugs shall be provided on structures that are awkward or difficult

to handle. These must be within internationally recognised S.W.L.

All exposed flanges, machined faces shall be protected by use of ply

board covers (minimum thickness 8 mm, minimum over cover 30 mm)
and plugs or cover plates shall be provided on all inlets / outlets.

Substantial support structures shall be fitted to stabilise the load and

facilitate transport by road vehicle.

Welding directly onto goods to be packed may only be carried out

after the Engineer’s approval.

Items requiring a separate support cradle shall have cradle design

approval by the Engineer before commencement of packing.

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PACKING INSTRUCTIONS

2.11 Structural Steel and Pipe (Steel, HDPE and PVC)

Straight pipe lengths and supporting structural steel, includes straight and sectional steel structures, frames, straight pipes,
angles, channels, cable tray, etc. All unitised loads shall be securely bundled into compatible units depending on length and
size. One end should be kept flush so that overhanging protrusions are kept to the opposite end.

Metal strapping with a minimum width of 30 mm

shall be used and spaced to provide suitable
restraint.

 Painted steel pipe unitised into a break bulk

pack supported by U channel cradles bolted at
the top. A longitudinal channel should be fitted,
top and bottom, between the cradle frames to
keep them apart during lifting.

Layers of artificial rubber or carpet shall be

placed as cushioning between load and cradle
and under the steel strapping where it contacts
the painted surface of the pipe.

Cable tray and structural steel frames unitised

into break bulk packs, supported by substantial
wooden bearers that are strapped to the packs
using 30 mm steel strapping. A groove has to be
cut into the bottom of the bearer to keep the
metal strap in position and to protect it from
possible ground abrasion during forklift
operations.

Piping under 150 mm diameter and small items

of steelwork shall be bundled securely by
machine banding or steel strapping, with a
maximum distance between bands of 1 metre.
Bands / straps shall be so positioned as to
prevent any integral projections cutting through
the bands / straps during movement.

Bundles shall have the shipping mark clearly

painted on each side using waterproof paint, or
marked on metal tags which shall be securely
fixed with wire. Failure to show accurate gross
weights on packages in excess of one tonne
may subject Suppliers to serious penalties and
expenses under regulations at ports of loading or
discharge.

All bundles shall be strapped firmly with 30 mm

width steel strapping.

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PACKING INSTRUCTIONS

Nozzles and protrusions should be turned into the dead

space to avoid damage and reduce cubic volume.

Width of bearers should be slightly less than the pack

width to allow the strapping to tension the bearer
correctly to the load.

When frames are packed together into break bulk packs

they should be of similar length and width to keep the
pack stable and reduce the cubic volume. Cleats and
brackets are turned into the dead space, inside or under
the support feet.

2.12 Pallets

By prior arrangement with the Engineer, items which are

impervious to water damage and can be conveniently
secured to a pallet shall be packed as follows:

Pallets shall be non-returnable shipping units and be

constructed in such manner as to allow for handling by
both crane and forklift truck and be fitted with bottom
runners to facilitate four-way forklift operation.

All pallets shall be constructed to enable stowage two

abreast in a standard I.S.O. container, maximum size is
1,100 mm x 1,100 mm and be able to support a mass of
2,000 kilos.

Universal Pallet Four-Way Entry Version

A pallet with a top deck to take the load and a bottom deck of maximum bearing area but suitable for use with pallet trucks.

All items must be secured to the pallet by strapping. Heavy loads and items not subject to settlement in transit should be
secured with metal high tensile strapping. The width of the strap should be in accordance with the characteristics of the load.

Where there is a possibility of water damage to palletised items then the complete pallet load shall be shrink wrapped with a
heavy duty shrink film that encloses the load so that when it is heat treated the film seals under the top deck of the pallet.

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PACKING INSTRUCTIONS

2.13 Refractory Bricks

Refractory bricks must always be shrink wrapped, packed on pallets as above and when sea freighted be packed in dry TEU
shipping containers that have been checked prior to packing to be free from the ingress of water or the retention of moisture,
particularly in the floor boards. This may, due to temperature variations during transport, cause ‘Container Sweat’ allowing
condensation to fall from the container roof onto the refractory bricks.

2.14 Steel Drums – Drums shall be constructed of heavy duty mild steel, with a removable head

Unless otherwise agreed, drums shall be packed on pallets

which shall have baseboards of butt jointed timber and shall
allow for handling by both crane and forklift and be fitted with
bottom runners to facilitate fourway forklift operation.

Preparation:

Prepared metal surfaces likely to rust or corrode shall be treated

with a suitable preservative ('Shell Ensis' or equivalent), or
otherwise suitably protected, e.g. by enclosure in polythene
bags.

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