VOL.

130, JUNE 29, 1984 151

People vs. Dio
*
No. L-36461. June 29, 1984.

THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, plaintiff-appellee,

vs. HERNANDO DIO, accused-appellant.

Criminal Law; Attempted robbery with homicide; Where the

killing of the victim was merely incidental to and an offshoot of the
plan to carry out the robbery, which, however, was not consummated,
because of resistance by the deceased, the crime committed is only
attempted robbery with homicide.·The appellant claims in his first
assignment of error that he should not have been convicted of the
special complex crime of robbery with homicide because the robbery
was not consummated. He states that there was only an attempted
robbery. The Solicitor General states: „x x x We are constrained to
agree with defenseÊ contention. The evidence adduced show that the
appellant and his companion were unsuccessful in their criminal
venture of divesting the victim of his wrist watch so as to constitute
the consummated crime of robbery. Indeed, as adverted to earlier,
when

_______________

* EN BANC.

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152 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

People vs. Dio

the victim expired, the ÂSeikoÊ watch was still securely strapped to
his wrist (p. 59, t.s.n., Jan. 11, 1973). The killing of Crispulo Alega
may be considered as merely incidental to and an offshoot of the
plan to carry out the robbery, which however was not consummated
because of the resistance offered by the deceased. Consequently,
this case would properly come under the provision of Art. 297 of the
Revised Penal Code. x x x „We likewise agree with the contention of
counsel in his second assigned error that the evidence presented by
the prosecution did not show the attendance of any aggravating
circumstance in the commission of the crime and neither did the
court a quo make any finding in this respect (pp. 7-8, appellantÊs
brief).‰ (Id., p. 6.)
Same; Same; Penalty; Indeterminate Sentence Law; Penalty for
attempted robbery with homicide absent mitigating nor aggravating
circumstances.·The crime committed by the appellant is attempted
robbery with homicide and the penalty prescribed by law is
reclusion temporal in its maximum period to reclusion perpetua.
Since there was no attendant mitigating nor aggravating
circumstance, the penalty should be applied in its medium period,
i.e. 18 years, 8 months and 1 day to 20 years. The Indeterminate
Sentence Law has also to be applied.

AUTOMATIC REVIEW of the decision of the Circuit

Criminal Court, 7th Judicial District.

The facts are stated in the opinion of the Court.

The Solicitor General for plaintiff-appellee.
Luis R. Feria for accused-appellant.

ABAD SANTOS, J.:

Automatic review of a decision of the defunct Circuit

Criminal Court, 7th Judicial District, which imposed the
death penalty.
An information for robbery with homicide was filed on
October 1, 1971, against Danilo Tobias and a John Doe. The
order to arrest Tobias was returned unserved and he is still
on the „Wanted Persons Files.‰
On December 7, 1971, the information was amended to
name Hernando Dio as the John Doe, the appellant herein.
As amended, the information reads:

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VOL. 130, JUNE 29, 1984 153

People vs. Dio
„That on or about the 24th day of July 1971, in Pasay City,
Philippines and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the
above-named accused Danilo Tobias @ Danny Kulot and Hernando
Dio @ Way Kaon, conspiring and confederating together and
mutually helping one another, with intent to gain and without the
knowledge and consent of the owner, and with the use of a
ÂbalisongÊ, one of the accused was provided with, and by means of
force, threats and intimidation employed upon the latter, did then
and there wilfully, unlawfully and feloniously take, steal and rob
away from one Crispulo P. Alega, one Seiko brand menÊs wrist
watch (recovered); and the said accused in accordance with and
pursuant to their conspiracy, and in order to carry out their avowed
purpose, with intent to kill did then and there wilfully, unlawfully
and feloniously attack, assault and stab for several times Crispulo
P. Alega, and which ÂbalisongÊ was directly aimed at the vital
portions of the body of said Crispulo P. Alega, thus performing all
the acts of execution causing his instantaneous death.ÊÊ (Expedients
p. 68.)

Accused Hernando Dio pleaded not guilty when he was

arraigned and after trial the court rendered the following
judgment:

„WHEREFORE, finding the accused, Hernando Dio, Guilty, beyond

reasonable doubt, of the crime of Robbery with Homicide as defined
under Article 294 of the Revised Penal Code, as charged in the
Amended Information, the Court hereby sentences him to suffer the
penalty of DEATH; to indemnify the heirs of the victim, Crispulo
Alega the amount of P12,000.00; to pay moral damages in the
amount of P10,000.00 and another P10,000.00, as exemplary
damages; and to pay the costs. (Id., pp. 105-106.)

The PeopleÊs version of the facts is as follows:

„At about noontime on July 24, 1971, Crispulo Alega, a civil

engineer by profession working at the Sugar Construction
Company, with a salary of more than P500.00 a month, went to the
Southeastern College, Pasay City to fetch his girlfriend, Remedies
Maniti, a third year high school student thereat (pp. 55, 59, 63-64,
tsn., January 11, 1973). They proceeded to the Pasay City Public
Market. As they were going up the stairs leading to the Teresa and
Sons Restaurant, Remedies, who was walking about an arms-length
ahead of Crispulo suddenly heard the dropping of her folders and
other things, being carried by Crispulo. When she looked back, she

154
154 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED
People vs. Dio

saw a man·later identified as Danilo Tobias but still at large·

twisting the neck of Crispulo, while the appellant was holding his
(CrispuloÊs) two hands (pp. 56-57, 61, tsn., id.). The appellant and
his companion tried to divest Crispulo of his ÂSeikoÊ wrist watch, but
Crispulo resisted their attempt and fought the robbers. At this
juncture, the man who was twisting the neck of Crispulo stabbed
the latter on the left side of his chest. Crispulo ran down the stairs
followed by Remedios who shouted for help. When he reached the
front of the Pasay Commercial Bank he fell down and expired. At
the time of his death, the ÂSeikoÊ watch was still strapped to his
wrist. (pp. 57-61, tsn., id., pp. 7-9, tsn., Jan. 22, 1973).
An autopsy conducted on the victimÊs body by Dr. Ricardo
Ibarola, medico-legal officer of the NBI revealed that the cause of
death was a stab wound at the region below his left breast which
penetrated the heart. Said doctor opined that judging from the
natural appearance of the stab wound, it must have been caused by
a single-bladed pointed instrument (pp. 6, 13-14, tsn., Jan. 11, 1973;
Exh. C and C-1, p. 87, rec). The necropsy report (Exh. A, p. 85, rec.)
stated that the deceased sustained the following injuries:

ÂAbrasions: right zygomatic region, 0.6 x 0.4 cm. infralabial region, right
side 1.7 x 1.4 cm.; forearm right, upper third, postero-lateral aspect, 0.6 x
0.4 cm. and left, lower third, posterior aspect, 0.4 x 0.2 cm.; right knee,
0.6 x 0.4 cm.; right leg, upper third, anterior aspect, 1.4 x 0.8 cm.
ÂIncise wounds, neck, left supero-lateral aspect, two in number, 2.5
and 1.2 cm. in lengths, both superficial.
ÂStab wound: left inframammary region, level of the 5th intercostal
space along the parasternal line, 6.0 cm. from the anterior midline, 0.5
cm. below the left nipple, elliptical in shape, 3.0 cm. long extended
laterally by 3.0 cm, long rising slightly downwards, medially edges, clean
cut, sutured, medial extremity of which is blunt and lateral extrimity,
sharp; directed upwards, medially and backwards involving, among
others, the soft tissues, thru the 5th intercostal muscles, grazing the 6th
rib superiorly, perforating the left pleural cavity only, into the middle
mediastinum by penetrating the pericardium antero-inferiorly,
perforating the interventricular system and penetrating the left ventricle
of the heart at its apical portions, approximate depth 11.0 cm.‰

„After the appellantÊs arrest on October 24, 1972, he was

investigated at the Detective Bureau of the Pasay City Police
Depart-

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VOL. 130, JUNE 29, 1984 155
People vs. Dio

ment and gave a statement (Exh. D, p. 90, rec.) in the presence of

Pat. Arturo Rimorin admitting that on the date and time of the
incident, he and his co-accused, Danilo Tobias alias Kardong Kaliwa
alias Danny Kulot, held up a man and a woman; that they did not
get the watch of the man; that he held the victimÊs hands but the
latter was able to free himself; that Danny Kulot stabbed the man,
that when the victim ran, they also ran away; and that he did not
know what happened to the victim (Exhs. D, D-1, D-2, D-3, D-4 and
D-5, p. 90, rec.; pp. 27-31, tsn., Jan. 11, 1973).‰ (Brief, pp. 2-5.)

Atty. Luis R. Feria, counsel de oficio of the appellant,

states:

„After a careful, considered and conscientious examination of the

evidence adduced in the instant case, undersigned counsel is
constrained to conclude that the findings of fact of the trial court,
upholding the version of the prosecution as against that of the
defense, must have to be sustained. As against the sole and
uncorroborated testimony of appellant merely denying any
participation in the commission of the crime imputed to him (while
admitting that he was present at the scene of the crime), there is a
formidable array of evidence against him consisting of the clear and
convincing testimony of Remedios Maniti, who was in the company
of the deceased at the time he was killed and an eyewitness to the
entire incident; the extra-judicial written confession of defendant-
appellant (Exhibit D) admitting participation in the commission of
the crime; the testimony of Patrolman Arturo Rimorin who
conducted the investigation of, and before whom Exhibit D was
executed and signed by, defendant-appellant, as well as the
testimony of Sgt. Geronimo de los Santos of the Pasay Police to
whom defendant-appellant orally admitted that he held the victimÊs
hands although he had no part in the actual stabbing of the
deceased.
„With respect to the testimony of the eyewitness Remedios
Maniti, there is absolutely nothing in the record (except perhaps
that she was the sweetheart of the deceased) to show, or even hint,
that she had any reasons to perjure herself by falsely incriminating
defendant-appellant in such a grievous crime, no bias, interest or
prejudice against the latter as would move or induce her to
faithlessly accuse him of a crime which he had not committed. More
than ever, the time-honored ruling of this Honorable Court, too
elemental to require citations, that the findings of the trial court on
the question of credibility of the witnesses, having had the
advantage of observing their demeanor and manner of testifying,
should not be disturbed in

156

156 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

People vs. Dio

the absence of strong and cogent reasons therefor, applies fully to

the case at bar. No such reasons can be found herein.
„The same observations may be made with respect to the
testimonies of Patrolman Rimorin and Sgt. de los Santos. Moreover,
as has been held by this Honorable Court, where the prosecution
witnesses, being government employees who testified as to what
transpired in the performance of their duties, were neutral and
disinterested and had no reason to falsely testify against the
accused, and did not subject him to any violence, torture or bodily
harm, their testimonies should be given more weight than that of
the accused (P. v. Pereto, 21 SCRA 1469: P. v. Del Castillo, 25 SCRA
716.)
„Then there is the extrajudicial confession of defendant-
appellant, Exhibit D. True it is that, belatedly during the trial,
appellant claimed that his answers appearing in Exhibit D were
given because he was afraid as he was intimidated and struck on
the buttock with a long piece of wood (pp. 32-34, t.s.n. Ses. of
January 22, 1973). It is submitted that this last-minute, desperate
and uncorroborated claim falls flat in the face not only of the
presumption of voluntariness in the execution of confessions, but
also of the testimony of Patrolman Rimorin to the effect that
Exhibit D was executed voluntarily and that defendant-appellant
was never maltreated (pp. 26, 31-32, t.s.n. Ses. of January 11,
1973), and the latterÊs own admission that before he signed Exhibit
D, its contents were first read to him in Tagalog and that he fully
understood the same (pp. 24, t.s.n. Ses. of January 22, 1973), and
his further admission that he has not filed any case against those
who had allegedly maltreated him (p. 33, t.s.n. id.). Moreover, where
the alleged confession reveals spontaneity of the declarations
belying the claim that they were concocted or dictated by the police,
the court will reject the claim that the confession was involuntary
(P. v. Castro, 11 SCRA 699).‰ (Brief, pp. 3-5.)

Notwithstanding the foregoing factual admission, Atty.

Feria makes the following assignment of errors:

1. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN CONVICTING

DEFENDANT-APPELLANT OF THE SPECIAL
COMPLEX CRIME OF ROBBERY WITH
HOMICIDE AS DEFINED AND PENALIZED
UNDER ART. 294, PAR, 1, OF THE REVISED
PENAL CODE.
2. EVEN ASSUMING THAT THE CRIME
COMMITTED BY DEFENDANT-APPELLANT IS
ROBBERY WITH

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VOL. 130, JUNE 29, 1984 157

People vs. Dio

HOMICIDE, THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN

SENTENCING HIM TO SUFFER THE DEATH
PENALTY.

We have scrutinized the record, particularly the

testimonial evidence, and indeed there is no doubt that the
appellant had a hand in the death of Crispulo Alega. There
remains to be considered, however, the claims of the
appellant which are made in the assignment of errors.
The appellant claims in his first assignment of error
that he should not have been convicted of the special
complex crime of robbery with homicide because the
robbery was not consummated. He states that there was
only an attempted robbery.
The Solicitor General states:

„x x x We are constrained to agree with defenseÊ contention. The

evidence adduced show that the appellant and his companion were
unsuccessful in their criminal venture of divesting the victim of his
wrist watch so as to constitute the consummated crime of robbery.
Indeed, as adverted to earlier, when the victim expired, the ÂSeikoÊ
watch was still securely strapped to his wrist (p. 59, t.s.n., Jan. 11,
1973). The killing of Crispulo Alega may be considered as merely
incidental to and an offshoot of the plan to carry out the robbery,
which however was not consummated because of the resistance
offered by the deceased. Consequently, this case would properly
come under the provision of Art. 297 of the Revised Penal Code
which states that·

ÂWhen by reason or on occasion of an attempted or frustrated robbery a

homicide is committed, the person guilty of such offenses shall be
punished by reclusion temporal in its maximum period to reclusion
perpetua, unless the homicide committed shall deserve a higher penalty
under the provisions of this Code.Ê „ (Brief, pp. 5-6.)

In his second assignment of error the appellant claims that

the information does not allege any aggravating
circumstance nor was any proved during the trial.
Again the Solicitor General states:

„We likewise agree with the contention of counsel in his second

assigned error that the evidence presented by the prosecution did
not show the attendance of any aggravating circumstance in the
commis-

158

158 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

People vs. Dio

sion of the crime and neither did the court a quo make any finding
in this respect (pp. 7-8, appellantÊs brief).‰ (Id., p. 6.)

The crime committed by the appellant is attempted robbery

with homicide and the penalty prescribed by law is
reclusion temporal in its maximum period to reclusion
perpetua. Since there was no attendant mitigating nor
aggravating circumstance, the penalty should be applied in
its medium period, i.e. 18 years, 8 months and 1 day to 20
years. The Indeterminate Sentence Law has also to be
applied.
WHEREFORE, the judgment of the trial court is hereby
modified; the appellant is found guilty beyond reasonable
doubt of the special complex crime of attempted robbery
with homicide and he is sentenced to suffer an
indeterminate penalty of 10 years and 1 day of prision
mayor as minimum to 20 years of reclusion temporal as
maximum, to indemnify the heirs of Crispulo Alega in the
amount of P30,000.00, and to pay one-half of the costs.
SO ORDERED.

Fernando, C.J., Teehankee, Makasiar, Aquino,

Concepcion, Jr., Guerrero, Melencio-Herrera, Plana,
Escolin, Relova, Gutierrez, Jr., De la Fuente and Cuevas,
JJ., concur.

Judgment modified.
Notes.·Where accused before the fiscal readily and
without hesitation signed their respective extrajudicial
confessions, such circumstance indicates the voluntary
execution of the extrajudicial confessions. (People vs.
Cabural, 120 SCRA 528,)
An extrajudicial confession that is self-inculpatory in
nature cannot be considered involuntarily executed. (People
vs. Bar-ros, 122 SCRA 34.)
Judges, fiscals and other officers administering the oath
to confessants in crime must get a doctor to examine first
the affiant, and if a doctor is not available, must
themselves make a physical examination of the suspect
before swearing the latter in. (People vs. Barros, 122 SCRA
34.)

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159

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