Fundamental Handbook For Korean Studies Librarianship

2014

Editorial Board Members: Copy Editors:

Erica S. Chang Philip Melzer
Mikyung Kang Nancy Sack
Miree Ku
Yunah Sung
Hyokyoung Yi
Handbook for Korean Studies Librarianship Outside of Korea

Published by the National Library of Korea
The National Library of Korea

201, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu,
Seoul, Korea, 137-702
Tel: 82-2-590-6325 Fax: 82-2-590-6329
www.nl.go.kr
© 2014 Committee on Korean Materials, CEAL retains copyright for all written materials
that are original with this volume.
ISBN 979-11-5687-075-3 93020

Handbook for Korean Studies Librarianship Outside of Korea
Table of Contents
Foreword Ellen Hammond ······················· 1
Preface Miree Ku ································ 3
Chapter 1. Introduction Yunah Sung ···························· 5
Chapter 2. Acquisitions and Collection Development
2.1. Introduction Mikyung Kang·························· 7
2.2. Collection Development Hana Kim ······························· 9

2.2.1 Korean Studies ······································································· 9
2.2.2 Introduction: Area Studies and Korean Studies ································· 9
2.2.3 East Asian Collections in North America: the Historical Overview ········ 10
2.2.4 Collection Development and Management ···································· 11
2.2.4.1 Collection Development Policy ··········································· 12
2.2.4.2 Developing Collections ···················································· 13
2.2.4.3 Selection Criteria ···························································· 13
2.2.4.4 Selection Tools ······························································ 16
2.2.4.5 Serials ········································································· 21
2.2.4.6 Cooperative Collection Development ···································· 23
2.2.4.7 Managing a Budget ························································· 24
2.2.4.8 Managing Collections ······················································ 25
2.3. Producers and Distributors of Korean Language Materials

Jaeyong Chang ····················· 29
2.3.1 Background ········································································· 29
Table of Contents i
2.3.2 Publishing in Korea ······························································· 29
2.3.3 Publication of Korean Materials in Other Countries·························· 30
2.3.4 Vendors in South Korea ·························································· 31
2.3.5 Vendors of North Korean Materials ············································ 32
2.3.6 Vendors of Korean Materials from China ······································ 33
2.3.7 Vendors of Korean Materials from Japan ······································ 33
2.3.8 Korean Materials Published in the USA········································ 34
2.3.9 Korean Materials from the Former USSR······································ 35
2.3.10 Conclusions········································································· 36
2.4. Acquisitions: Approval Plan Youngsim Leigh ····················· 37

2.4.1 Major Characteristics of an Approval Plan ···································· 37
2.4.2 Benefits of Implementing an Approval Plan ··································· 38
2.4.3 Disadvantages of an Approval Plan ············································· 39
2.4.4 Approval Plan Suppliers in Korea ··············································· 40
2.4.5 Documents Needed for Contracting the Approval Plan ······················ 42
2.4.6 Criteria for Selecting Suppliers ·················································· 45
2.4.7 Appendixes ········································································· 47
2.5. Acquisitions: Firm Orders Mikyung Kang ······················· 61

2.5.1 Selecting Materials ······························································· 61
2.5.2 New Publication Lists from Korean Vendors·································· 62
2.5.3 Online Bookstore Lists···························································· 62
2.5.4 Ordering············································································· 63
2.5.5 Data Loading Services ···························································· 68
2.5.6 Appendixes: Vendor Lists ························································ 69
2.6. Gift and Exchange Program Helen Kim, Yunah Sung ··········· 74
2.6.1 Introduction ········································································ 74
2.6.2 List of Possible Donors and Partners ··········································· 77
Chapter 3. Cataloging
3.1. Introduction Erica Chang ·························· 85

3.1.1 Notes ················································································ 86
3.1.2 Important Changes with RDA for All Formats ································ 86
3.2. Romanization Erica Chang ·························· 91
ii Handbook for Korean Studies Librarianship Outside of Korea

3.3. Textual Printed Monographs Jee-Young Park ····················· 93
3.3.1 PCC Core Elements in RDA ····················································· 93
3.3.2 Translations of Work by Single Author (Translation only) ·················· 93
3.3.3 Translations of Work by Single Author (Translations + Original) ········· 93
3.3.4 Simultaneous Publications in Different Languages ··························· 94
3.3.5 Revised Editions ··································································· 95
3.3.6 Errors in Title Proper······························································ 96
3.3.7 Compilations by a Single Author ················································ 97
3.3.8 Compilations by Multiple Authors ·············································· 98
3.3.9 Collaborations: ‘No Rule of Three’ in 245 $c ································· 99
3.3.10 Books with Accompanying Non-print Media ································ 100
3.3.11 Reprints ············································································ 100
3.3.12 Commentaries ····································································· 101
3.3.13 Additions··········································································· 102
3.3.14 Dissertations or Theses ·························································· 104
3.3.15 Sacred Scriptures ································································· 104
3.3.16 Official Communications ························································ 105
3.3.17 Conferences ······································································· 105
3.3.18 Frequently Used Relationship Designators ··································· 106
3.4. Textual Printed Serials Erica Chang ························· 107

3.4.1 References ········································································· 107
3.4.2 CONSER RDA Core Elements ················································· 107
3.4.3 Creator ············································································· 109
3.4.4 Authorized Access Point ························································ 109
3.4.5 Different Works with Same Title ··············································· 110
3.4.6 Language Edition (Translation) ················································ 110
3.4.7 Language Edition (Simultaneous Editions) ··································· 110
3.4.8 Title Change ······································································· 111
3.4.9 Reprints ············································································ 112
3.4.10 Supplements, Accompanying Materials ······································· 112
3.4.11 Relationship Designators ························································ 113
3.5. Moving Image Materials Erica Chang ························· 114

3.5.1 References ········································································· 114
3.5.2 RDA Cataloging for DVD-Video in Monograph Format ··················· 114
3.5.3 RDA Cataloging for Carriers Other Than DVD-Video ····················· 119
3.5.4 Example ············································································ 120
3.6. Sound Recordings Eunseung Oh ······················· 123
Table of Contents iii

3.6.1 References ········································································· 123
3.6.2 Musical Sound Recordings ······················································ 123
3.6.3 Non-Musical Sound Recordings ················································ 130
3.6.4 Example ············································································ 131
3.7. Scores EunHee Nah ························ 133

3.7.1 References ········································································· 133
3.7.2 Traditional Korean Music and Scores ········································· 133
3.7.3 RDA Fields for Scores ··························································· 134
3.7.4 RDA Relationship Designators ················································· 135
3.7.5 Examples··········································································· 135
3.8. Maps Hee-Sook Shin ····················· 139

3.8.1 References ········································································· 139
3.8.2 Fields for Maps ··································································· 139
3.8.3 Examples··········································································· 143
3.9. Online Textual Resources (Remote Access Resources)

Erica Chang ························· 146
3.9.1 Monographs ······································································· 146
3.9.2 Monograph Example ····························································· 148
3.9.3 Serials ·············································································· 149
3.9.4 Serial Example ···································································· 150
3.10. RDA Tools and Resources Jee-Young Park ···················· 151
3.11. Korean Cataloging Outsourcing Eunseung Oh ······················· 153

3.11.1 Planning, Selecting, and Evaluating Vendors ································ 153
3.11.2 Korean Outsourcing Vendors ··················································· 154
3.12. Subject Headings Erica Chang ························· 157

3.12.1 References ········································································· 157
3.12.2 Personal Name Headings as Subject (600) ···································· 158
3.12.3 Corporate Body Headings as Subject (610) ··································· 158
3.12.4 Titles as Subjects (630) ·························································· 159
3.12.5 Literary Works Entered Under Authors (600) ································ 159
3.12.6 Groups of Literary Authors (650) ·············································· 160
3.12.7 Classes of Persons (650, 610, 651) ············································· 160
3.12.8 Ethnic Groups (650) ······························································ 161
iv Handbook for Korean Studies Librarianship Outside of Korea

3.12.9 Other General Topical Headings (650) ······································ 161
3.12.10 Geographic Name Headings (651) ··········································· 161
3.12.11 Use of Geographic Subdivisions, Korea, Korea (South), Korea (North),
Local Places ····································································· 162
3.12.12 Korean Art Headings ·························································· 162
Chapter 4. Information Literacy, Faculty Liaison, Community

Outreach and Reference Tools at North American Korean
Studies Libraries
4.1. Introduction Hana Kim ···························· 163
4.2. Library Instruction/Information Literacy, LibGuide, Lib Catalog Search

Jude Yang ··························· 165
4.2.1 Library Instruction/Information Literacy ······································ 165
4.2.2 LibGuides ·········································································· 168
4.2.3 Library Catalog Searches ························································ 172
4.3. Faculty Liaison and Community Outreach Activities

Hana Kim ···························· 177
4.3.1 Faculty Liaison ···································································· 177
4.3.1.1 Meeting Your Faculty ····················································· 178
4.3.1.2 Building Relationships ···················································· 180
4.3.1.3 Communicating Professionally··········································· 181
4.3.1.4 Tailoring to Faculty Issues ················································ 182
4.3.1.5 Collaborating with Faculty ··············································· 183
4.3.1.6 Suggested Readings························································ 186
4.3.2. Community Outreach ···························································· 186
4.3.2.1 Campus Community Outreach for Undergraduate Students ········· 186
4.3.2.2 Local Community Outreach ·············································· 187
4.3.2.3 Bibliographies ······························································ 190
4.4. Ask a Korean Studies Librarian and Other Reference Services

Hyokyoung Yi ······················· 191
4.4.1 Ask a Korean Studies Librarian ················································ 191
4.4.1.1 Brief History ································································ 191
4.4.1.2 Service Design······························································ 192
Table of Contents v
4.4.1.3 Evaluation ··································································· 193
4.4.1.4 Suggestions ································································· 195
4.4.2 The International Network for Korean Studies Librarians (INKSLIB) ··· 196
4.4.3. National Assembly Library of Korea’s Reference service ·················· 196
4.5. Basic Reference Sources in Print Format

Kyungmi Chun ······················ 197
4.5.1 Guide to Reference Works ······················································ 198
4.5.2 General Encyclopedias··························································· 198
4.5.3 Encyclopedias, Dictionaries and Glossaries for Korean Studies ··········· 198
4.5.4 Korean Language Dictionaries ················································· 199
4.5.5 Korean-English Dictionaries ···················································· 199
4.5.6 Hanchaŏ (Chinese Characters Used in Korea) and Korean-Chinese Dictionaries
······················································································ 199
4.5.7 Korean-Other Language Dictionaries ·········································· 200
4.5.8 Korean Romanization ···························································· 201
4.5.9 Bibliographies and Catalogs ···················································· 201
4.5.10 Indexes ············································································· 203
4.5.11 General Guides, Handbooks and Yearbooks ································· 203
4.5.12 Biographies ········································································ 204
4.5.13 Chronologies ······································································ 205
4.5.14 Directories ········································································· 206
4.5.15 General Statistics ································································· 206
4.5.16 Multidisciplinary Sources ······················································· 206
4.5.17 Anthropology······································································ 207
4.5.18 Art and Art History ······························································· 208
4.5.19 Business ············································································ 208
4.5.20 Communications, Journalism and Media Studies ···························· 209
4.5.21 Economics ········································································· 210
4.5.22 Education ·········································································· 211
4.5.23 Film and Theatre ·································································· 212
4.5.24 Geography ········································································· 212
4.5.25 History ············································································· 214
4.5.26 Language and Linguistics ······················································· 216
4.5.27 Literature··········································································· 217
4.5.28 Music ··············································································· 219
4.5.29 Philosophy and Intellectual History ············································ 219
4.5.30 Political Science and International Relations ································· 220
4.5.31 Religion ············································································ 222
4.5.32 Sociology ·········································································· 222
4.5.33 Women’s Studies ································································ 224
vi Handbook for Korean Studies Librarianship Outside of Korea

Chapter 5. Information Technology
5.1. Introduction Hyoungbae Lee····················· 225
5.2. Korean Fee-based Online Resources Mikyung Kang······················· 226

5.2.1 Books/Texts ······································································· 226
5.2.2 Dissertations ······································································· 229
5.2.3 Articles/Journals ································································· 230
5.2.4 News················································································ 232
5.2.5 Images/ Multimedia······························································· 233
5.3. Free Electronic Resources for Korean Studies

Hee-sook Shin ······················ 234
5.3.1 Bibliographies, Catalogs, and Indexes ········································· 234
5.3.2 Biographies ········································································ 236
5.3.3 Dictionaries and Encyclopedias ················································ 237
5.3.4 Films and Multimedia ···························································· 239
5.3.5 Geography and Maps ···························································· 240
5.3.6 Newspapers and News Media··················································· 241
5.3.7 Statistics············································································ 243
5.3.8 Arts & Culture ···································································· 245
5.3.9 Economics & Business ·························································· 247
5.3.10 Education ·········································································· 248
5.3.11 Genealogy ········································································· 249
5.3.12 Government ······································································· 249
5.3.13 History ············································································· 250
5.3.14 Labor ··············································································· 254
5.3.15 Language & Literature ··························································· 254
5.3.16 Law ················································································· 256
5.3.17 North Korea and Unification ···················································· 257
5.3.18 Philosophy & Religion ··························································· 258
5.3.19 Science & Information Technology ············································ 259
5.3.20 Social Science ····································································· 260
5.4. English Databases for Korean Studies

Kyungmi Chun ······················ 261
5.4.1 Archival Collections and Primary Sources ···································· 261
5.4.2 Book Reviews ····································································· 262
5.4.3 Dictionary·········································································· 263
5.4.4 Dissertations and Theses ························································ 263
Table of Contents vii

5.4.5 Government Publications ························································ 263
5.4.6 Newspapers and Newswires····················································· 265
5.4.7 Statistics and Numeric Data ····················································· 266
5.4.8 Multidisciplinary Sources ······················································· 267
5.4.9 Anthropology······································································ 270
5.4.10 Architecture, Art, and Art History ············································· 271
5.4.11 Business ············································································ 271
5.4.12 Communication ··································································· 272
5.4.13 Economics ········································································· 272
5.4.14 Education ·········································································· 273
5.4.15 Film, Theatre, and Performing Arts ············································ 273
5.4.16 Geography ········································································· 274
5.4.17 History ············································································· 274
5.4.18 Language, Linguistics, and Literature ········································· 274
5.4.19 Music ··············································································· 275
5.4.20 Philosophy ········································································· 275
5.4.21 Political Science ·································································· 275
5.4.22 Psychology ········································································ 276
5.4.23 Religion ············································································ 276
5.4.24 Social Work ······································································· 276
5.4.25 Sociology ·········································································· 277
5.4.26 Women's and Gender Studies ··················································· 277
5.5. Technology and Library Services Hyoungbae Lee····················· 279

5.5.1 Korean IME (Input Method Editor) ············································ 279
5.5.2 Internet Browsers ································································· 280
5.5.3 Unicode, Han’gŭl, and Hancha ················································· 281
5.5.4 Ayn, Alif, and Apostrophe ······················································ 285
5.5.5 Macros ············································································· 285
5.6. Korean Studies Electronic Resources:

Purchase and Subscription through Group Collaboration
Miree Ku ····························· 291
5.6.1 Introduction········································································ 291
5.6.2 History and Current Status of Purchasing/Subscribing to Korean Studies
E-Resources ······································································· 291
viii Handbook for Korean Studies Librarianship Outside of Korea

Chapter 6. Case Studies
6.1. The Korean Collection at the University of Auckland Library

Kyu-won Hwang ···················· 303
6.1.1 Introduction········································································ 303
6.1.2 History ············································································· 303
6.1.3 Composition of the Collection ·················································· 304
6.1.4 Collection Development ························································· 305
6.1.5 Last Word: Future Challenges ·················································· 306
6.2. Korean Studies Collection at the University of Michigan

Yunah Sung ························· 308
6.2.1 Introduction········································································ 308
6.2.2 Korean Studies at Michigan ····················································· 308
6.2.3 History of the Korean Collection ··············································· 309
6.2.4 Scope of the Collection ·························································· 310
6.2.5 Electronic Resources ····························································· 310
6.2.6 Staffing and Collection Budget ················································· 311
6.2.7 Korean Collections Consortium of North America (KCCNA) ············· 312
6.2.8 Challenges and Opportunities ··················································· 312
6.2.9 Related Sites ······································································· 313
6.3. Developing a Korean Studies Collection:

The Case of the Monash University Library, Australia
Jung-Sim Kim ······················· 314
6.3.1 Korean Studies Collection ······················································· 314
6.3.2 Collaboration and Outreach Through Asian Libraries in Melbourne(ALIM)
······················································································ 316
6.3.3 Budget and Staffing ······························································ 317
6.3.4 Potential Changes································································· 317
6.3.5 Conclusion ········································································· 318
6.4. Developing a Korean Studies Collection: The Case of Duke University

Miree Ku ····························· 319
6.4.1 Introduction········································································ 319
6.4.2 Brief Summary of Korean Collection at Duke ······························· 319
6.4.3 Issues and Challenges ···························································· 322
6.4.3.1 Collection Evaluation······················································ 322
Table of Contents ix
6.4.3.2 Budget Analysis ···························································· 323
6.4.3.3 Acquisition ·································································· 325
6.4.3.4 Access to Resources ······················································· 326
6.4.3.5 User Service and Outreach················································ 329
Chapter 7. Characteristics of Korean Studies Librarianship

Joy Kim ······························ 331
7.1. Essential Skills and Qualifications for Success ····························· 333
7.2. Personal Advice on Opportunities, Priorities, and Facing Common

Challenges ··············································································· 335
7.3. Conclusion ··············································································· 338
Contributors ················································································· 339
x Handbook for Korean Studies Librarianship Outside of Korea

Foreword
Ellen H. Hammond
President, Council on East Asian Libraries

Director, International Collections & Research Support,
Yale University Library
It is an honor to write a foreword to this ambitious work. Building on the successful

2002 Korean Studies Librarianship Outside of Korea: A Practical Guide and Manual, its
authors have crafted a comprehensive handbook that addresses issues of both theory and
practice. The volume is much more than an update of the earlier manual; its broad scope
and multi-layered approach extend its usefulness, making it appropriate for a wide range
of audiences in various academic and library settings.
The most obvious audience for this handbook is Korean studies librarians working in
research libraries in academic institutions outside of Korea. For novice librarians and
old hands alike, this volume provides a short course in all aspects of the job, covering
collection development methods and principles, acquisitions, cataloging, reference
sources, electronic resources, and approaches to information literacy and the liaison
librarian role. All of the practical information relevant to Korean studies librarianship is
interwoven with concise overviews of “best practices” for librarianship in general and
area studies librarianship in particular. In this way, the handbook transcends the
specificity of its topic to become something much more: a primer or textbook for
librarians in the 21st century research library, especially those who serve as advocates for
their collections or, like area studies librarians, provide subject-based expertise.
Other groups of librarians can also benefit from this text: catalogers with Korean-
language skills who have little experience cataloging Korean books, generalist librarians
in college libraries who must guide students through the English-language sources for
Korean studies, East Asian collection librarians without Korean-language skills who must,
nevertheless, build a collection and support Korean studies students and scholars.
Foreword 1
However, it is not only librarians who will find this volume a valuable reference.
Faculty and students in Korean studies can use it as a basic guide for their research if they
do not have direct access to a Korean studies librarian. The detailed information on
print and electronic sources can be used to uncover information relevant to the study of
Korea that is available in standard English-language databases, as well as more specialized
sources in English and Korean. For those who must work with a non-specialist librarian to
obtain materials from Korea, the text can serve as a “how-to” manual for acquisitions. For those
in any academic field who need information relevant to Korea, this volume can serve as a
good place to start with research. For native Korean speakers, the text will help them
understand the mysteries of how North American libraries handle the Korean language in
local online library catalogs.
For all of the above purposes, this handbook provides an up-to-date and thorough
overview of Korean collection operations today. However, considered from a different
angle, it also provides a fascinating glimpse of the diffusion of Korean-language
information internationally in the early 21st century. In the future, this volume will
likely become a primary source for study of Korean-language information flows and the
development of Korean studies scholarship in historical perspective. In this way, the
volume makes yet another valuable contribution to the field.
On a personal note as head of the Yale University East Asia Library, I would like to
mention how grateful I am to the authors of the 2002 manual that served to inspire the
present volume. Without a Korean studies librarian to rely on, my staff and I were faced
with challenges similar to those reported in the case studies included in chapter six.
Without access to the information contained in the earlier manual, we would have been
completely unable to move forward. At the time, I was so impressed with the talent,
dedication, and foresight of the contributors, who seemed to know exactly what would be
useful to us. I know that many readers of the present volume will have a similar
experience as they draw on the wealth of information contained here. And, like me,
they will be grateful to the authors of this volume, who are representative of one of the
finest groups of area studies librarians in North America today.
This volume was prepared under the auspices of the Committee on Korean Materials of
the Council on East Asian Libraries (CEAL). As President of CEAL, I would like to
commend the committee, as well as the authors and editors who participated in this
important project. The publication of the Handbook for Korean Studies Librarianship
Outside of Korea marks a major contribution to the field of librarianship.
2 Handbook for Korean Studies Librarianship Outside of Korea

Preface
Miree Ku
Chair, Committee on Korean Materials, Council on East Asian Libraries
Korean Studies Librarian, Duke University
It has been 12 years since the Committee on Korean Materials of the Council on East
Asian Libraries (CEAL), published the “Korean Librarianship Outside of Korea: A
Practical Guide and Manual” to aid Korean Studies librarians. This guide, which was
published in 2002, was prepared by many contributors and based on their experience with
the Workshop on Korean Studies Librarianship in March 2001.
In 2012, in an effort to provide the most up-to-date information on Korean Studies

librarianship, the Committee on Korean Materials decided to publish a “Handbook for
Korean Studies Librarianship Outside of Korea,” sponsored by the National Library of
Korea to share knowledge on Korean Studies librarianship.
This handbook would not have been possible without the contributions and support of
many people. First of all, I must recognize the significant time and effort spent by the
contributors over the last two years. I am honored to have had the opportunity to work
with these authors who are making an important contribution to the advancement of
Korean Studies librarianship.
The Committee members have been working hard to outline the content of the
handbook, which contains fundamental information on Acquisitions and Collection
Development, Cataloging, Reference, E-resources and Information Technology. After the
Committee finalized the title, table of contents, contributors, timeline and the editorial
board members, the National Library of Korea sent official letters to Korean Studies
librarians asking them to write. At the same time, Yunah Sung, the Chair of the
Committee during 2011-2014, announced the publication of the handbook in 2013 and,
upon its completion, the distribution of the handbook and its online version at no cost to
libraries around the world. Later, the tentative publication date was changed to October,
2014. The reason for this was to allow for the review of Korean records following the
Library of Congress’s implementation of RDA cataloging in March 31, 2013. The
Committee members involved in this project during 2011-2014 are:
Preface 3
Yunah Sung (Chair), Korean Studies Librarian, University of Michigan
Mikyung Kang, Librarian for the Korean Collection, Harvard University
Hana Kim, Korean Studies Librarian, University of Toronto
Miree Ku, Korean Studies Librarian, Duke University
Hyoungbae Lee, Korean Studies Librarian, Princeton University
Jee Young Park, Korean Studies Librarian, University of Chicago
Hyokyoung Yi, Korean Studies Librarian, University of Washington
Erica S. Chang (Cataloging Advisor), Cataloging Librarian, University of Hawaii
at Manoa
The Editorial Board (EB) members each took responsibility for a specific chapter. The
Editorial Board members, Mikyung Kang, Erica S. Chang, Hyokyoung Yi, Miree Ku and
Yunah Sung also played a key role in compiling the chapters on Acquisitions and
Collection Development, Cataloging, Reference, E-resources and Information Technology,
and Case studies.
All the contributors are indebted to Philip Melzer and Nancy Sack, the editors of this
handbook. Philip Melzer retired as Chief of the Asian and Middle Eastern Division of the
Library of Congress and served as CEAL President (2006-2008). He devoted himself to
reviewing and editing materials written by the contributors over the summer of 2014.
Nancy Sack, cataloger at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, also dedicated her time and
energy to reviewing and editing the Cataloging chapter with Erica S. Chang. Without
their expertise and passion, this project would not have been possible. I am most grateful
for their time and effort.
Finally, I would like to express thanks to the National Library of Korea, which
sponsored the publication of the handbook. This project gave us an opportunity to collect
a wide array of information, knowledge and scholarly resources and make them
accessible to those who wish to use them into the future.
The contributors have spent the last two years preparing these manuals, which were
edited during the summer of 2014. As Chair of the Committee on Korean Materials
(CKM) of the Council on East Asian Libraries (CEAL), I sincerely hope that their hard
work on compiling the accumulated knowledge of Korean Studies librarianship will be an
indispensable asset to all readers. We welcome any comments, suggestions, or questions,
so please use the contact information listed in the back of this handbook. The contributors,
editors, and sponsor would like to extend our best wishes for your endeavors in Korean
Studies programs and collections.
October 2014

Chapter 1
Introduction
By Yunah Sung1
The “Handbook for Korean Studies Librarianship Outside of Korea” is a guide to the
practices, procedures, and standards for a Korean studies librarian to develop, organize,
and manage an excellent Korean studies collection. To assist Korean studies librarians in
developing their collections and serving the constantly evolving needs of the diverse user
community, this handbook has been compiled to share an in-depth knowledge of the
complexities, dynamics, and methods of some of the leading Korean studies librarians.
This handbook consists of seven chapters. Following the introduction, Chapter 2 provides
detailed information on acquisitions and collection development, featuring collection
development policy, tools and criteria, vendors, approval plans, firm orders, and gift &
exchange programs. Chapter 3 covers cataloging policies and guidelines in the new
cataloging code RDA (Resource Description and Access) with examples of various
formats, such as monographs, serials, moving image materials (DVDs), sound recordings,
scores, maps, and electronic resources. In addition, the ALA-LC Romanization system for
the Korean language, Library of Congress subject headings, RDA tools and resources,
and outsourcing related information are covered in this chapter.
The main subject of Chapter 4 is public services, with guidance on information literacy
instruction, reference services, faculty liaison roles, and community outreach activities.
This chapter also contains basic reference sources in print format arranged by specific
categories, including encyclopedias, dictionaries, bibliographies & catalogs, indexes,
biographies, statistics, and various other subjects. Chapter 5 addresses issues related to
1
Korean Studies Librarian, University of Michigan
Chapter 1 5
information technology and library services, such as the Korean IME, Internet browsers,
Unicode, diacritics, and macros. There are also in-depth bibliographies of both freely
available and fee-based Korean and English online resources. The last section of Chapter
5 is devoted to the brief history and current status of purchasing and subscribing to
Korean studies e-resources, as well as the grant programs which support access to these e-
resources for eligible libraries outside of Korea.
Chapter 6 consists of case studies of four Korean studies collections; University of

Auckland in New Zealand, Monash University in Australia, and two libraries in the
United States, Duke University and the University of Michigan. For each library there is a
brief history, unique aspects of the collection, strengths and weaknesses, and challenges
and opportunities. The last chapter is titled “Characteristics of Korean Studies
Librarianship”, in which the author discusses most important skills and qualities for
Korean studies librarians to possess in order to perform multi-tasking of collection
development, acquisitions, cataloging, reference, instruction, outreach, technology, and
preservation. The author foresees that an intelligent, creative, motivated, passionate and
energetic librarian will devise ingenious ways to grow the collection and provide
excellent service.
Korea’s rise to prominence in the world has prompted the steady development of the
study of Korea, its people and culture. As a result, Korean studies have become an
increasingly important aspect of librarianship, one which will continue to grow in scope
and complexity in the coming years. The authors of this handbook hope that new and
veteran librarians, heritage and non-heritage Korean librarians alike will find it useful in
helping them to provide excellent user services and treasure their Korean collections for
library users in the future.

Chapter 2
Acquisitions and Collection Development
2.1. Introduction
By Mikyung Kang1
This chapter covers information on Acquisitions and Collection Development mainly for
Korean language materials in the field of Korean Studies in general, and it is organized
into three sections as follows:
1. Collection Development
2. Acquisitions
3. Gift and Exchange Program
The first section, Collection Development, provides information on collection development

of mainly Korean Studies materials, covering Korean language materials from two Koreas,
South Korea and North Korea, and those publications published in Korean from China,
Japan, and countries in the territory of the former USSR. A wide range of collection
development issues are addressed, including general overview of Korean Studies, East
Asian Collections in North America, collection development policy, and technical
collection management issues. The section also provides detailed information about
producers and distributors of Korean language materials and selection tools for Korean
Studies materials.
The section on Acquisitions includes information about approval plans and firm ordering,
the two major methods of acquiring Korean materials. Included are both technical and
1
Librarian for the Korean Collection, Harvard-Yenching Library, Harvard University
Chapter 2 7
practical information and workflows, along with step by step procedures, with samples of
documents and screen captures to explain what to do and how to do it. Appendices at the
end of this section provide detailed information about each book vendor from which one
can acquire Korean materials.
Lastly, the ‘Gift and Exchange Program’ section provides workflows for receiving gift
and exchange materials. There is a list of potential Korean gift and exchange partners for
overseas libraries, and possible publication requests for gift and exchange programs.
In general, it is authors’ intention to provide information specific to Korean Studies rather

than general information concerning acquisitions and collection development for all
library collections.
The chapter provides some useful tips and information that should lead to improvements
in economy and efficiency.

2.2. Collection Development
By Hana Kim2
2.2.1 Korean Studies
This section primarily deals with collection development that supports Korean Studies in
an academic and research collection, and is based on Korean language materials
published in South Korea in the humanities and social sciences. However, some simple
tips on selection tools for English language materials on Korean Studies are also briefly
introduced for selectors for Korean Studies who do not understand the Korean language.
2.2.2 Introduction: Area Studies and Korean Studies
Interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary area studies became notably important in United

States scholarship after World War II as a response to the perceived need to enhance the
knowledge in the Western world of the Soviet Union and its satellites, and of third world
countries (Johns 1990, ix). After the war, there was substantial support from foundations
and government for the creation of area studies expertise. In particular, by the 1970's in
the United States, funding opportunities and institutional developments in area studies
had achieved remarkable results, substantially altering the ethnocentrism of many social
science and history departments (Kennedy 1997).
As mentioned by Schmid, with respect to the launching of Korean Studies in the same
fashion as other area studies programs, in the United States, types of Cold War funding
were crucial. On the other hand, this phenomenon did not occur in Canada, where
education is a provincial and not federal responsibility, thus leaving universities largely
on their own to develop fields of study. In Canada, the growth of Asian Studies at major
universities followed what might be called more Orientalist traditions, as had been the
case in Europe, with largely a focus on China and some attention to Japan (2006, 46-47).
2
Korea Studies Librarian, Cheng Yu Tung East Asian Library, University of Toronto(As of September
2014, Head, Asian Library, University of British Columbia)
Chapter 2 9
As a discipline of area studies, Korean Studies focuses on the study of Korea, its society
and culture. The term first began to be used in the 1940s for course offerings on Korea at
the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London (Korea
Research Foundation Newsletter 2003), but did not attain widespread currency until
South Korea rose to economic prominence in the 1970s. In 1991, the South Korean
government established the Korea Foundation with the aim of enhancing the global image
of Korea, and also to promote academic and cultural exchange programs on Korean
Studies around the world (Han’guk Kukche Kyoryu Chaedan 2007, 29-30).
In North America, Korean Studies programs commonly include Korean history, literature,
anthropology, art, music, language, sociology, political science, religion, economics,
archeology, and ethnomusicology.
2.2.3 East Asian Collections in North America: the Historical Overview
Misco states that similar to the general development of area studies scholarship in North
America, area studies collections also went through a major expansion following the Cold
War and other developments affecting the global community (2011, 387). Although each
library collection for area studies may have a different starting point, those collections
have generally developed with the aim of directly support the institution's academic and
research programs.
Tsien states that the first large addition of East Asian books to an American library was a
collection in the Chinese language obtained from China in 1869, which was deposited at
the Library of Congress (LC) (1964-65, 19). By the end of 19th century, a considerable
amount of Chinese material had been collected in several academic and research libraries,
such as Harvard University, Yale University, University of California at Berkeley, and
New York Public Library. Subsequently, books in other East Asian languages were
brought in at the beginning of the 20th century. The Japanese collection at LC was begun
in 1906, when some 9,000 volumes of Japanese literature were acquired, and a similar
collection was built up at Yale (Tsien 1966, 58). The expanding interest in East Asian
Studies or Far Eastern Studies at many universities in the 1930’s resulted in the further
establishment of new collections, such as those at the University of Chicago,
Northwestern University, University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, and the
University of Toronto. Since then, these collections have constantly been growing, and
new ones have also been established, such as those at the University of California at Los

Angeles, University of Michigan, and University of Washington at Seattle, and at many
other institutions throughout the USA and Canada (Tsien 1966, 59).
Furthermore, we may also note that the development of East Asian collections in North
America is of particular importance today because of ever-growing East Asian
immigration to the USA and Canada, and increasing cultural diversity.
2.2.4 Collection Development and Management
Johnson states that collection development and management are the meat and potatoes of
libraries. She specifically emphasizes that if one doesn't have a collection, then one
doesn't have a library (2004, ix). Gardner also emphasizes that public services will
succeed or fail as a result of good or poor collection development (1981, xi). These
statements explicitly articulate how important collection development is for a library.
Collection development is a term representing the planned purchase of materials in

various formats to meet the instructional and research needs or mission of an institution in
a timely manner within the current fiscal environment and resource sharing opportunities.
Johnson cites the essential activities of collection development and management

advocated by the Collection Management Section of the Association for Library
Collections and Technical Services of the American Library Association (ALA) (2004, 2):
 Collection policies
 Selection of materials in all formats
 Collection maintenance (selection for weeding and storage, preservation, and
serials cancellation)
 Budget and finance
 Assessment of needs of users and potential users
 Liaison and outreach activities related to the collection and its users
 Collection use studies
 Collection assessment and evaluation
 Planning for cooperation and resource sharing.
Chapter 2 11
2.2.4.1 Collection Development Policy
Johnson states that libraries without collection development policies are like businesses
without business plans (2004, 72). Collection development polices provide a blueprint for
the maintenance and expansion of the library's collection in all formats. These written
policies help to ensure consistency in procedures and enable libraries to allocate
acquisition funds adequately and develop a strong collection while meeting users’ needs.
A carefully prepared, up-to-date collection development policy provides clear guidelines

when making selection decisions. Collection development policies may vary in academic
and research libraries depending on their mandates and budget capabilities. However, in
general, the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA)
guides librarians to include the following elements in a collection development policy
(International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, Section on Acquisition
and Collection Development 2001):
 Introduction (mission statement, the purpose of the policy statement, identification

of target audiences)
 General statements (characteristics that determine the direction of the
development of the collection)
 Narrative statements (detailed scope and coverage)
 Subject profiles (collection assessment)
 Collection evaluation methods (techniques and processes used to gather data for
collection assessment)
 Collection depth indicators (description of collection intensity levels)
 Language codes
 Policy implementation and revision timetables
Here are some samples of the collection development policies related to East Asian
collections, or genre specific Korean collections.
 McGill University – East Asian Studies Collection: Provides a good map of other
campus libraries, which also hold East Asian Studies-related materials.
www.mcgill.ca/library/about/collections/collection-policies/asian
 University of Pennsylvania Libraries – East Asian Studies: Clearly indicates

exclusions within their collection development.
www.library.upenn.edu/collections/policies/easian.html

 Indiana University Bloomington Libraries – East Asian Collection: Presents a
detailed general statement.
www.libraries.iub.edu/index.php?pageId=2567
 Wellesley College - East Asian Languages and Culture and East Asian Studies:
Provides an exhaustive list of related subjects and interdisciplinary relationships
to the collaborative collection development.
www.wellesley.edu/lts/collections/collectiondevelopment/cdpolicies/cdeall
 Ohio State University – Manga Collection: Provides a genre-specific collection

development policy.
library.osu.edu/blogs/manga/manga-collection-development-policy/
These examples may provide guidance and motivation for creating one's own collection
development policy for the Korean Studies collection at one's institution.
2.2.4.2 Developing Collections
In addition to input from faculty, the following criteria are generally used as guides when
selecting titles for the collection, developing the reference collection, developing new
areas in the collection, filling in identified gaps in the collection, and doing retrospective
collection building:
2.2.4.3 Selection Criteria
-- Criteria for Selection of Books
Within the constraints of the financial resources available at an institution, selection of

library materials for purchase is considered on the basis of the following criteria.
Particular criteria may assume a greater or lesser importance. There is no single standard
that can be applied universally in all cases when making the decision to acquire a title for
a library’s collection.
 Relevance to current and potential teaching, learning and research programs at an

institution
 Collection continuity (e.g., maintenance of strong existing collections)
 Currency and timeliness of content
Chapter 2 13
 Authority
 Quality of content
 Expectation of use
 Cost, ongoing expense, and availability
 Types of material (e.g., format, genre, subject)
 Language
 Uniqueness of content, features or capabilities
 Space and storage issues (e.g., print vs. e-book)
 Inter-institutional or collaborative collection development agreements
 Recreational reading
-- Criteria for Selection of Serials
Selection criteria for serials are consistent with the criteria for selection of books set out
above, but also specifically include the following factors:
 Reputation of editors, contributors, publishers

 Reviews of the title
 Journal ranking studies
 Quality of paper, print, graphics, special features
 Currency and regular publication of issues
 Current and past price history
 Cost effectiveness
 Inclusion on lists of journals recommended by accrediting agencies
 Availability elsewhere (interlibrary loans)
To maximize availability and accessibility, if the platform, cost and licensing conditions
(including perpetual access) are acceptable, today electronic journals are generally
regarded to be the preferred format. The website of the Colgate University Libraries
(exlibris.colgate.edu/about/policies/serialscdpolicy.htm) provides a useful guideline for
which format would be preferred in selecting serials.
 Electronic may be the preferred format for selection providing:
- price is similar or less than the print subscription (cost of binding or

microform purchase should be considered as part of the cost to own)

- completeness is similar to the print, or the materials excluded have limited
research value (advertisements, job advertisements)
- perpetual access is available, with a reasonable assurance of continued long-
term availability
- there are not unreasonable licensing conditions
- availability of usage statistics
- the quality of graphics is high enough to support the primary uses of the title
- there is full text reproduction (images, graphs, charts are included).
- usability of the digital version is equal to or superior to the print edition
- there is access control via the WWW and authentication via IP restriction (or
an acceptable substitute)
 Print may still be favored for:
- popular magazines (e.g., Wŏlgan Chosŏn 月刊朝鮮 [Monthly Chosun], Seoul:

Chosŏn Ilbosa, 1980-. and Wŏlgan Chungang 월간중앙 [Monthly Joongang], Seoul:
Chungang Ilbosa, 1999-.
- titles with significant cost increases for online access
- titles with limited assurance of perpetual access
 Print plus electronic may be selected if:
- cost of print includes online, and titles have limited assurance of perpetual
access
- it is the only subscription model
- titles with rolling back files will not have online access implemented unless
there is substantial content.
 Microform may be the least preferred format, but may be selected when:
- cost of binding and storage is prohibitive

- image quality is acceptable to support the primary uses of the title
- the format of the material does not lend itself to binding (e.g., newspapers)
- space restrictions to shelve bound print is often a prime consideration for
libraries. In such cases, the print may not be bound, but discarded upon
receipt of the microform.
It is also noted that these days microfilm titles are often no longer purchased at
many institutions in the United States and Canada.
Chapter 2 15
-- Criteria for Selection of Media Materials
Film and video material can be an effective alternative to print media for teaching and
research in Korean Studies. In addition to the general selection criteria for books outlined
above, the following are also criteria that can used specifically when selecting film and
video materials:
 The lasting value of the media

 Curriculum relevance
 Quality of material
 Compatibility of the media and available hardware
DVDs are today the preferred format for audio-visual material, both because of the
decline in the use of VHS equipment, and for the advantage of added features, such as
scene selection, multiple subtitles, etc.
More specifically, in general, in North America CD is often regarded as the format of

preference for audio, and DVD is often regarded as the format of preference for
video. Other international video formats in North America, such as PAL, may be
collected only when no authoritative version exists in NTSC. Region-free DVDs,
typically manufactured in the Asian market, may be utilized more heavily for teaching
and research if the item contains an English translation.
Subscription to services that offer electronic streaming of documentary and feature film
material is another rising area that the Korean Studies librarian may make a selection
from when developing a collection.
2.2.4.4 Selection Tools
-- Books (print) and Serials (print)
There are various sources that assist to librarians in selecting resources on Korean Studies.
Some of these selection tools provide evaluative information and are selective in nature,
while other tools are more comprehensive in their coverage, such as vendor lists of titles
available for purchase.

-- Book Reviews
Although only a small fraction of books published are actually reviewed, one of the most
important sources of information for book selection is the book review. Book reviews
provide descriptive and evaluative information that can be used in place of physically
examining the actual book.
Book reviews for Korean language materials:
 Ch’ulp’an chŏnŏl 출판저널 [The Publishing journal], Seoul: Han’guk Ch’ulp’an

Kŭmgo, 1987-.
 Daum ch’aek = Daum 책 [Daum books], Seoul: Daum Communications.
book.daum.net.
 Naver ch’aek = Naver 책 [Naver books], Seoul: Naver. book.naver.com.
 Toksŏ sinmun 독서신문 [Readers News], Seoul: Toksŏ sinmun.
www.readersnews.com.
 and other major South Korean newspapers’ book review sections (e.g., Chosŏn
ilbo 조선일보, Tonga ilbo 동아일보, Chungang ilbo 중앙일보, and Sŏul sinmun
서울신문)
In addition, the following two sources are useful for selectors in Korean Studies who
do not understand the Korean language, as they provide not only book reviews, but
also other bibliographical information:
 List : books from Korea. Seoul, Korea Literature Translation Institute, 2008-.
This is a quarterly magazine which introduces Korean books to overseas
publishers and libraries.
 Books on Korea. Seoul, Korea Foundation. www.BooksonKorea.org.
This website provides bibliographical information on publications and
multimedia materials on Korea and the Korean language. The collection listed on
the website is gathered through professional recommendations, and is used by the
Foundation to carry out the Korea Foundation’s Reference Materials Distribution
Program. A log-in is required to access to this website.
Book Reviews for English language materials:
 Acta Koreana. Taegu, Korea: Kyemyŏng Taehakkyo, 1998-.
Chapter 2 17
 The Journal of Asian Studies. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Association for Asian Studies,
1956-.
 Journal of East Asian Studies. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2001-.
 The Journal of Korean Studies. Seattle: Society for Korean Studies, 1969-.
 The IIAS Newsletter. Leiden, Netherlands: International Institute for Asian
Studies, 1993-.
-- Online Bookstores
Online bookstores provide a quick and easy way to find publication information for a
wide range of books, as well as providing a convenient method for purchasing books that
are needed very quickly. The disadvantage of these sources is that there is little
professional critical opinion included.
Select South Korean Online Bookstores:
 Aladin 알라딘 = Aladdin www.aladin.co.kr

 Kyobo Mun’go 교보문고 = Kyobo Book www.kyobobook.co.kr
 Libŭro 리브로 = LiBRO www.libro.co.kr
 YES24 www.yes24.com
 Yŏngp’ung Mun’go 영풍문고 = Youngpoong Bookstore www.ypbooks.co.kr
-- Vendors’ Catalogs
Major South Korean library vendors maintain extensive bibliographic catalogs for their
customers. The vendors provide their customers with a paper or electronic list of newly-
published titles and retrospective titles, including expensive, rare, or limited multi-volume
sets.
Select South Korean vendors:
 Asea Munhwasa 아세아문화사 = The Asian Culture Press www.acp21.co.kr

 Kyŏngin Munhwa 경인문화사 = Kyungin Publishing kyungin.mkstudy.com
 P’anmun 판문 = Panmun www.epanmun.co.kr
 T’aehaksa 태학사 = Taehaksa www.thaehaksa.com
 Ŭryu Munhwasa 을유문화사 = Eulyo Publishing www.eulyoo.co.kr

-- Publishers’ Catalogs
Publishers often send catalogs, flyers, and announcements to libraries to publicize their
books and other publications. One may use these sources to keep up with new book
publications that may be useful for one's Korean collection. As one becomes more
familiar with publishers and their specialties, one will be better able to recognize those
publishers of interest, whose books are seldom reviewed but whose products fill a
specific need within one's client community. One may request print copies of their
catalogs (which will automatically put you on their mailing list) so that one can take into
account their publications at least a once a year.
Here is a list of select South Korean publishers which publish materials related to Korean
Studies:
 Ch’angbi 창비 = Changbi Publishers www.changbi.com

 Chininjin 진인진 = Zininzin www.zininzin.co.kr
 Hanul Ak'ademi 한울아카데미 = Hanul Publishing www.hanulbooks.co.kr
 Hyumŏnisŭt’ŭ 휴머니스트 = Humanist www.humanistbooks.com
 Chimundang 지문당 = Jimundang Publishing www.jimoon.co.kr
 Kukhak Charyowŏn 국학자료원 = Kookhak www.kookhak.co.kr
 Kŭlnurim/Yŏngnak 글누림/역락 = Geulnurim Publishing www.geulnurim.co.kr
 Kyŏngin Munhwasa 경인문화사 = Kyungin Publishing kyungin.mkstudy.com
 Minsogwŏn 민속원 = Misokwon www.minsokwon.com
 Minŭmsa 민음사 minumsa.com
 Munhak kwa Chisŏngsa 문학과지성사 = Munji Publishing moonji.com
 Munhak Tongne 문학동네 = Munhakdongne Publishing www.munhak.com
 Pagijŏng 박이정 = Pagijong Press eng.pjbook.com
 Pogosa 보고사 = Bogosa Publishing www.bogosabooks.co.kr
 Sŏnin 선인= Sunin Book www.suninbook.com
 T’aehaksa 태학사 = Taehaksa www.thaehaksa.com
 Yŏksa Pip’yŏngsa 역사비평사 = Yukbi www.yukbi.com
 As well as many university presses’ catalogs:
- Ihwa Yŏja Taehakkyo Ch’ulp’anbu 이화여자대학교출판부 = Ewha Womans
University Press www.ewhapress.com
Chapter 2 19
- Koryŏ Taehakkyo Ch’ulp’anbu 고려대학교출판부 = Korea University Press
www.kupress.com
- Kyemyŏng Taehakkyo Ch’ulp’anbu 계명대학교출판부 = Keimyung University
Press kmupress.com
- Kyŏngbuk Taehakkyo Ch’ulp’anbu 경북대학교출판부 = Kyungpook National
University Press knupress.com
- Sŏnggyun’gwan Taehakkyo Ch’ulp’anbu 성균관대학교출판부 = Sungkyunkwan
University Publishing Department press.skku.edu
- Sŏul Taehakkyo Ch’ulp’an Munhwawŏn 서울대학교출판문화원 = Seoul
National University Press www.snupress.com
- Yŏnse Taehakkyo Taehak Ch’ulp’an Munhwawŏn 연세대학교 대학출판문화원
= Yonsei University Press www4.yonsei.ac.kr/press
Here is a list of several publishers which publish English language materials related to
Korean Studies:
 Brill www.brill.com
 Jimundang Publishing www.jimoon.co.kr
 Palgrave Macmillan www.palgrave.com
 Random House www.randomhouse.com
 Routledge www.routledge.com
 Rowman & Littlefield Publishing rowman.com/RLPublishers
 Seoul Selection www.seoulselection.com/publishing
In addition, the following university presses in North America frequently publish quality
English language materials on Korean Studies:
 Columbia University Press cup.columbia.edu

 Cornell East Asia Series eap.einaudi.cornell.edu/publications_ceas
 Duke University Press www.dukeupress.edu
 Harvard East Asian Monographs www.hup.harvard.edu/collection.php?recid=195
 Oxford University Press global.oup.com
 Stanford University Press www.sup.org
 University of California, Berkeley’s Institute of East Asian Studies ieas.
berkeley.edu/publications/catalogue_krm.html
 University of Hawai'i Press www.uhpress.hawaii.edu

-- Bibliographies
Bibliographies include records for materials of all genres (books, journals, articles,
working papers, conference proceedings, dissertations and theses, technical reports, etc.).
Bibliographies may be useful in the selection and acquisition of new materials. They may
inform one of developments in the field, and may serve as reference sources.
Here is a select list of bibliographies:

 Chŏngbu kanhaengmul mongnok 정부간행물목록 [Government publications in
Korea], Seoul: Kongboch’ŏ Chŏngbu Kanhaengmul Chejakso, 1961-2002.
 Chŏnggi kanhaengmul hyŏnhwang: tŭngnok illamp’yo 정기간행물현황:
등록일람표 [List of registered periodicals], Seoul: Ministry of Culture, Sports
and Tourism, 2002-.
 Nappon chubo 납본주보 [Korean National Bibliography Weekly], Seoul,
National Library of Korea, 2004-. www.nl.go.kr/nl/napbon/list.jsp.
In addition, the National Library of Korea’s dlibrary provides highlights of government

publications newly deposited to the National Library in the following website:
policy.dibrary.net/boards/show/410/1232/0.do.
2.2.4.5 Serials (electronic or microform)
-- Electronic Resources
To maximize availability and accessibility (simultaneous use by multiple individuals,

remote, 24-7 access, and search capabilities), today electronic format generally regarded
to be the preferred format for all material types over traditional formats, provided the
platform, cost and licensing conditions are acceptable.
In addition to the guidelines of the Criteria for Selection of Serials given above, a number
of other sources may also be consulted to identify electronic resources of potential use:
 Database listings of other East Asian/Asian libraries at universities in the United

States and Canada
 Minutes, trial pages and reviews of other university libraries' collection
development committees
 Consortia's reviews and listings
Chapter 2 21
 Mailing lists (e.g., Eastlib, Tomeri 도메리 = Domeri Library Mailing List,
koreanStudies: Moderated Korean Studies Internet Discussion List)
 Meeting with vendors, or visiting vendors’ booths at a conference (e.g.,
Association for Asian Studies Annual Meeting & Exhibit, Korean Library
Association General Conference)
 Requesting a trial service from vendors and then evaluating these products by
working with faculty and graduate students
 Enquiring with the Task Force on Korean Studies E-Resources of the Committee
on Korean Materials, Council on East Asian Libraries, Association of Asian
Studies), or posting a question to the Ask a Korean Studies Librarian! Service
[email protected].
The following South Korean database vendors provide electronic resources on Korean
Studies:
 Chininjin 진인진 = Zininzin www.zininzin.co.kr

 Haksul Chŏnja Ch’ulp’an Hyŏptong Chohap 학술전자출판협동조합 [Korean e-
= Acadepedia, Academic Ebook Corporation www.blog.daum.net/adadepia
 Haksul Kyoyugwŏn 학술교육원 www.earticle.net
 Han’guk Haksul Chŏngbo 한국학술정보 = Korean Studies Information
Publishers Cooperative www.kstudy.com
 K’oria K’ont’ench’ŭ Raep 코리아콘탠츠랩 = Korea Contents Lab
www.kclab.com
 Kyobo Mun’go 교보문고 = Kyobo Book Center www.kyobobook.co.kr
 Roaenbi 로앤비= LawnB www.lawnb.com
 Nuri Midiŏ 누리미디어 = Nurimedia www.nurimedia.co.kr
 Tongbang Midiŏ 동방미디어 = DongBang Media www.dbmedia.co.kr
Further details on each vendor and their products and services will be dealt with in greater
detail in another chapter of this handbook.
Technology is constantly improving for e-resources of all types, and librarians need to
keep themselves informed about available options. To be responsive to their community
of users, Korean Studies librarians will have to provide e-books and other resources in
appropriate packages.

-- Media Materials
Thanks to technological advancement, use of audiovisual materials as a teaching aid has

increased in recent years. This also applies to the fields of Korean Studies: Korean history,
anthropology, language, and literature. Due to the popularity of Korean contemporary and
pop culture, use of audiovisual materials has increased significantly.
Here is a list of select websites providing information on Korean films and dramas:
 e-yŏngsang yŏksagwan e-영상역사관 [e-Museum of the moving image] =

film.ktv.go.kr
 Han’guk yŏnghwa teit’ŏbeisŭ 한국영화데이터베이스 = Korean Movie
Database KMDb www.kmdb.or.kr
 Han’guk Yŏngsang Charyowŏn 한국영상자료원 = Korean Film Archive
www.koreafilm.or.kr
 Koreanfilm.org koreanfilm.org
 Ssine21 씨네 21 = Cine21 www.cine21.com
Here is a list of select websites providing information on Korean music:
 Han’guk chŏnt’ong sori munhwa 한국전통소리문화 = Traditional Korean

Music portal koreamusic.org
 Kungnip Kugagwŏn 국립국악원 = National Gugak Center www.gugak.go.kr
 Kungnip Kugagwŏn Kugak Ak’aibŭ 국립국악원 국악아카이브 = National
Gugak Center Gugak Archives archive.gugak.go.kr
 maniadb www.maniadb.com
2.2.4.6 Cooperative Collection Development
Cooperative collection development is “the sharing of responsibilities among two or more

libraries for the process of acquiring materials, developing collections, managing the
growth and maintenance of collections in a user-beneficial and cost-beneficial way.” (Branin,
Collection Management: A New Treatise, 1991, 82).
As academic libraries recognize their responsibility to respond to the research needs of

faculty and provide access to specialized information sources, libraries often participate
in and encourage cooperative collection development with other libraries.
Chapter 2 23
Established in 1994 under the sponsorship of the Korea Foundation, the 14-member
Korean Collections Consortium of North America is one of the most successful examples
of such cooperative collection development in North America. Each member library is
responsible for development of in-depth collections in its assigned fields of Korean
Studies, and Consortium materials are loaned free of charge to any Korean Studies
scholar or student anywhere in North America (Korean Collections Consortium of North
America).
In view of growing financial constraints and increasing subscription costs, the Korean
Studies librarian should investigate opportunities for participating in cooperative
collection development in all formats, especially for electronic resources.
2.2.4.7 Managing a Budget
The Korean Studies librarian has an overall duty to monitor and expend his or her budget.
Specific responsibilities encompass spending within budget allocation; transferring funds
to cover new serials, negotiating cooperative funding with other subject librarians or
selectors for expensive, interdisciplinary items, and meeting any spending targets and
deadlines within a fiscal year.
When managing a collection budget, the Korean Studies librarian should try to align cost
with value in order to provide access across campus to the information resources needed
by his or her institution’s faculty and students in the field of Korean Studies. With the
rapidly increasing cost of academic books, journals, electronic databases, and other
resources, and often without added funding to cover these increases, the collection budget
must be carefully targeted toward the most essential materials. The following factors form
the basis of budget management in order to meet this goal:
 curriculum
 circulation of materials by subject area
 number of courses on Korea
 number of faculty teaching Korea-related or interdisciplinary courses
 number of students majoring in Korean Studies or enrolled in a course on Korea
 faculty publications
 consortia plans

When managing one's budget, it is recommended that orders be placed early enough
during the fiscal year so that shipments from Korea or other East Asian regions (e.g.,
China or Japan) will arrive before the fiscal year end.
Budgets often tend to fluctuate with the economic times. Reviewing a current fiscal
year’s budget for the Korean collection and planning and projecting budgets for the next
and upcoming years are an important routine to follow. In this way, one may better
accommodate and serve one's users’ needs. Furthermore, with a well-formulated plan and
projection, one can make an adequate request for any budget increase in a logical manner
and be efficiently prepared for any future changes or new developments.
2.2.4.8 Managing Collections
To maintain a healthy and responsive Korea Studies collection, it should be managed

through constant evaluation to ensure its usefulness and relevance to its user groups, and
to meet the library’s mandate.
-- Weeding and Storage
Weeding/de-selection and transfer to storage are critical collection management activities.

Through periodic weeding, obsolescent, damaged, ephemeral materials which are no
longer within the scope of the collection or no longer used can be identified and
withdrawn or transferred as appropriate.
By performing weeding, one can
 optimize the use of shelf space

 utilize acquisitions funds in the most effective manner
 maintain the collection in accordance with the users’ needs.
Materials weeded may be used for gifts and exchange (e.g., local communities, libraries
or organizations in Korea), or discarded, and this decision is discretionary. The following
criteria are generally considered in the weeding of library materials:
 past usage statistics

 value for historical research
 redundancy (copies or editions)
 accuracy & timeliness of information
 physical condition
Chapter 2 25
Today, in most collections, items that are kept in off-site storage can be retrieved within
24 to 48 hours, upon completing a request online. Recently, remote storage has become a
cost effective option for many institutions as they seek to create more space for new
acquisitions and the development of collaborative and technologically enhanced learning
environments.
-- Serial Cancellation
With the ongoing annual fee hikes in periodical subscription rates, deciding on
cancellations has become a routine part of collection management. Korean serials are no
exception. It is recommended for a librarian to go through a consultation process with
faculty when canceling serials in order to identify the highest priorities for collection.
Other typical criteria for retaining print subscriptions instead of moving to electronic-only
are suggested as follows (Johnson 2004, 175):
 user preference
 content
 subscription model
 current availability
 cooperative resource sharing
 consortial commitment
Furthermore, migrating print subscription to electronic only or print plus online may be
an effective approach in serial cancellation projects.
-- Preservation
Routine preservation activities are essential to prevent, eliminate, or retard deterioration

of library resources, and of rare or brittle materials in particular. This practice helps to
identify deteriorating library materials that should be preserved (physically or digitally)
and evaluate materials for limited access because their condition, value, or demand
require special protection.
The author believes that collection development is the most enjoyable job one can have in
a library. Especially in the case where a small institution grows into something larger,
like an undeveloped child growing up into an adult, it is a process of aiding and
fostering. No matter what kind of place, it is the librarian's enthusiasm and effort that
will transform the collection into the most beneficial environment for research for that
university's library users.

Bibliography
Branin, Joseph J. “Cooperative Collection Development.” In Collection Management: A

New Treatise, edited by Charles B. Osburn and Ross Atkinson, 82. Greenwich, Conn.:
JAI Press, 1991.
Colgate University Libraries, “Serials collection development policy,”
http://www.lib.odu.edu/aboutthelibraries/policiesprocedures/collectiondevelopment/colle
ctioncriteria.htm (cited January 10, 2014).
Gardner, Richard K. Library collections: their origins, selection, and development. New
York: McGraw Hill, 1981.
Han’guk Kukche Kyoryu Chaedan. 한국국제교류재단 = Korea Foundation. Haeoe

Han’gukhak paeksŏ 해외 한국학백서 [Overseas Korean Studies Whitepaper]. Seoul:
Ŭryu munhwasa, 2007.
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, Section on Acquisition

and Collection Development, “Guidelines for a collection development policy Using the
conspectus model,” http://archive.ifla.org/VII/s14/nd1/gcdp-e.pdf (cited January 9, 2014).
Johns, Cecily. Selection of Library Materials for Area Studies. Chicago: American
Library Association, 1990.
Johnson, Peggy. Fundamentals of collection development & management. Chicago:

American Library Association, 2004.
Kennedy, Michael D. “A Manifesto (of sorts) for Area Studies”. The Journal of the
International Institute. Volume 4, Issue 3, Summer 1997.
http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.4750978.0004.302 (cited February 18, 2014).
Korean Collections Consortium of North America, “Overview,”

http://koreancollections.org/about.html (cited March 31, 2014).
Karlsson, Anders. 2003. Kukche wisang ŭl nop’yo kanŭn Rŏndŏndae SOAS esŏŭi
Han’gukhak 국제적위상을높여가는런던대 SOAS 에서의한국학 [Raising international
Chapter 2 27
prestige at the prestige at the University of London SOAS's Korean Studies program].
http://www.krf.or.kr/html/newsletter/2003-12-0404.html (cited January 1, 2014).
Misco, Masha. 2011. Disciplinary Points of Departure: How Area Studies Librarians Fit
Within the Subject Paradigm. College & Undergraduate Libraries 18 (4), 385-390.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10691316.2011.624951 (cited January 2, 2014).
Schmid, Andre. “Korean Studies in Canada.” K'aenada nonch’ong 캐나다논총 = Korean

Review of Canadian Studies 12 (2): 45-63.
Tsien, Tsuen-hsuin. “First Chinese-American Exchange of Publications,” Harvard Journal

of Asiatic Studies, 25 (1964-65): 19-30.
Tsien, T. “East Asian collections in America.” In Area studies and the library, edited by
T. Tsien and H. Winger, 58-80. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 1966.

2.3. Producers and distributors of Korean language materials
By Jaeyong Chang3
2.3.1 Background
For over a century, the Korean peninsula and its peoples have experienced a tragic legacy
of international circumstance. It experienced the Russo-Japanese War on the Korean
peninsula (1904-1905), Japanese colonial rule for thirty-six years (1910-1945), and the
Korean War (1950-1953). Now the Korean peninsula maintains a cease-fire, not an end
to the war, being the last area left in the world which is divided into two parts. After
Korea opened its doors to foreign powers around the turn of the last century, the Korean
peninsula became a bone of contention among major foreign powers such as China, Japan,
Russia, and the United States.
Korean emigration took place against this historical background. Although the Korean
diaspora began forming from around the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the
numbers were initially insignificant. However, during the Japanese colonial period 1910-
1945, a sizeable number of Korean workers were forced to leave their homeland under
colonial rule. Thus, others emigrated to other destinations. Most settled in the United
States, Japan, China and Russia. As for China and Russia, ethnic Koreans are particularly
concentrated in the cities such as Shenyang and Yanji in Northeast China, and Tashkent
in Uzbekistan and Almaty in Kazakhstan (in the former Soviet territory of present day
Central Asia).
2.3.2 Publishing in Korea
From the perspective of collection development with regard to Korean language materials, the
producers and distributors of Korean language materials have an indispensable relationship
with Korean history and diaspora. Around the globe, the indisputable major loci of the
productions of Korean language materials are South Korea and North Korea, the two
3
Librarian for the Korean Collection and Interim Head, Collection Services, C.V. Starr East Asian
Library, University of California Berkeley
Chapter 2 29
countries that use Korean as their native language. South Korea publishes a great deal more
than does North Korea. Due to North Korea’s political peculiarity, the materials produced in
North Korea can be classified into two kinds: one for domestic use and the other for
international distribution. It is only the latter that can be legally acquired in North
America. Worse yet, since the North Korean economic crisis of the 1990s, the volume of
publications intended for dissemination abroad had markedly shrunk, so that, at present, it
does not amount to even ten percent of the total volume of materials produced in South Korea.
2.3.3 Publication of Korean Materials in Other Countries
China is the country that produces the most Korean language materials outside of the
Korean Peninsula. In the past, most Korean language material was produced where most
Korean-Chinese people lived, in the three provinces of northeastern China, Jilin, Liaoning
and Heilongjiang, especially Yanbian Chaoxianzu Zizhizhou in Jilin Province. Since the
beginning of China’s open-door policy and development of Sino-Korean economic
exchange after the normalization of relations between China and South Korea in 1992,
the ethnic Koreans (Chosŏnjok; 조선족), who formerly took residence in the northeastern
provinces, began to migrate to Beijing, Tianjin, and the northeastern coastal areas —such
as Qingdao and Yantai—centered around Shandong province. Consequently, the regions
mentioned above have now also begun to produce Korean language materials. In
addition to indigenous ethnic Koreans, other major producers of Korean language
material since 1992 have been new immigrants (holders of Korean passports), who
migrated from South Korea to Chinese metropolises for economic reasons.
In addition to the Korean peninsula and China, Korean language materials are being
generated in Canada, the United States of America, Japan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and
other parts of former Soviet Central Asia that have dense ethnic Korean populations. Yet,
the aggregate volume of materials supplied from all of these places is relatively small. By
contrast, since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the Chinese
government, with the proclaimed objective to protect the identity of ethnic minorities has
been encouraging the ethnic Koreans to use the Korean language in China. However, the
outmigration of ethnic Koreans from northeastern China has led to a significantly
diminished amount of Korean language materials generated from this area when compared
to the past. It is likely that this phenomenon will only be accelerated in the future.

2.3.4 Vendors in South Korea
Distribution of monographs and periodicals is the most active in South Korea, as it is the
supreme site of production with the most producers of materials. In comparison to
vendors that have the capacity to supply Chinese and Japanese language materials to
North America (such as China International Book Trading Corporation and China
National Publications Import & Export Corporation in China and Kinokuniya Book Store
in Japan), companies supplying Korean materials in North America are very limited, as
the current demand for Korean language materials in North America is also rather
small. At present, the North American market for Korean language materials relies on a
number of small-sized vendors which are unable to provide systematic and
comprehensive services generally afforded only by bigger companies. For this reason,
ready-shelf service of Korean language materials in not yet available in North America.
In the experience of the author, Panmun Co. Ltd. (주식회사 판문) has consistently
provided high quality service in distributing Korean language materials. The author
especially appreciates Panmun's ability to locate and provide hard-to-find not-for-sale
material. There are currently several other vendors in South Korea that export Korean
language materials: Asea Munhwasa (아세아문화사), Eulyoo Munhwasa (을유문화사)
and Kyungin Munhwasa (경인문화사).  
As for pricing, it is difficult to ascertain in concrete terms, for there are issues of frequent
shifts in foreign currency exchange rates, shipping methods, and numerable other
variables. Nonetheless, in the experience of the author, the general prices for one volume
of a scholarly book would increase in the following order: Kyungin Munhwasa (being
the least expensive), Asea Munhwasa, Panmun Co. Ltd., and Eulyoo Munhwasa (being
the most expensive). All four major companies have their own websites, and although
some of them allow customers to place order online, online purchasing is still an
inconvenient process. Moreover, the websites are not designed to be accessible for non-
Korean speakers. The web addresses are as follows:
Panmun Co. Ltd.: http://epanmun.co.kr/

Asea Munhwasa: http://www.acp21.co.kr/
Eulyoo Munhwasa: http://www.eulyoo.co.kr/
Kyungin Munhwasa: http://kyungin.mkstudy.com/
Chapter 2 31
2.3.5 Vendors of North Korean materials
Because it is impossible for South Korea to import materials from North Korea, North
Korean materials generally have to be imported via China or Japan. Vendors in South
Korea that are currently carrying out such business are Nambook Kyoyuk (남북교역)
(http://nambook.co.kr) and Asia Journal (아시아저널) (http://asiajournal.co.kr). Due to
the tenuous political relations between South and North Korea, in order to distribute
North Korean materials, a special license from the South Korean government must be
obtained. In addition, North Korean materials are not available for individual researchers,
and only a few special libraries holding the special government license can purchase
them. For these reasons, North Korean printed materials that are sold by the two
companies are very limited in variety and number, and the prices are higher than for the
same materials sold by Beijing Sunyoung Scientific Technology Trade Co., Ltd.,
(베이징선영) (http://www.korea-publ.com/) located in Beijing, China. In fact, it is
through Sunyoung that Nambook Kyoyuk receives North Korean materials. Asia Journal
acquires the materials through personal connections in China and businesses in Japan.
Sunyoung is currently the biggest distributor of North Korean materials in the world. It
provides various materials such as monographs and periodicals, DVDs, CDs, VHS movies,
stamps, postcards, and works of art. Sunyoung is now working with North Korea’s Chosŏn
Sahoe Kwahagwŏn (조선사회과학원) to publish a 1,500 multi-volume set of “Chosŏn
sahoe kwahak haksuljip,” (조선사회과학학술집) and as of April 2014, 300 volumes have
been published and are being sold. Sunyoung boasts of its high credibility because it not
only distributes North Korean materials to individual institutions, libraries, and vendors in
China, but also provides materials to libraries in South Korea, Japan, Europe and North
America. It is said that this company negotiated an official MOU contract with an
organization under the North Korean government, Chosŏn Ch’ulp’anmul Such’uripsa
(조선출판물수출입사), and therefore has exclusive rights to North Korean
materials. However, the biggest problem in dealing with Sunyoung is that, unlike the
situation with the South Korean vendors, it is difficult to communicate with
Sunyoung. Because Sunyoung and its consumers communicate mainly via email,
Sunyoung lacks an understanding of North American institutions, including academic
libraries. Therefore, it is unlikely that Sunyoung can provide additional services such as
blanket order, standing order or donation materials shipping service that South Korean
vendors offer. In addition, when communicating with Sunyoung, using Chinese is more
efficient than communicating in Korean or English.

2.3.6 Vendors of Korean Materials from China
Whereas Sunyoung is in charge of distributing most materials directly from North Korea,
Korean materials created in China by ethnic Koreans (Chosŏnjok; 조선족) are mainly
provided by Xinhua Bookstores, which are located in four major cities in Northeast China:
Shenyang, Changchun, Mudanjing, and Yanji. Particularly the Xinhua Bookstore located
in the Koreatown of Shenyang, Liaoning Province, has been critical for the export of
Korean monographs, periodicals and newspapers published in China. The success of small
bookstores in these areas that exported materials to North American institutions and
libraries, with their strict business practices, comes thanks to Ch’oe Kwang-uk (최광욱).
He is the director of Xinhua Bookstore in Shenyang, and has been working solely in this
business for over twenty years. However, he will retire in the next one to two years, and
after his retirement, there is no guarantee that Xinhua Bookstore will be able to continue its
export business. Korean materials can be also purchased through big companies such as
China International Book Trading Corporation, Beijing Rentian Bookstore Co., and China
National Publications Import & Export Corporation, but there is an obvious difference
between Xinhua Bookstore and the big vendors in terms of price.
2.3.7 Vendors of Korean Materials from Japan
In Japan, as I had pointed out before, Korean materials produced there are very scarce in
number. The General Association of Korean Residents in Japan (Chae Ilbon Chosŏnin
Ch'ong Yŏnhaphoe, 재일본조선인총연합회) was founded in 1955 under the North
Korean government’s support, and publishes a bilingual newspaper, Chosŏn Sinbo
(조선신보) (http://chosonsinbo.com/) which is written in both Korean and Japanese. It
also produces various printed propaganda materials for North Korea. Additionally, it
established its sub-organization, Kuwŏl Sŏbang (구월서방), and exported its published
works until it was merged with Chosŏn Sinbosa in 1994. Today, the first floor of Chosŏn
Sinbosa’s building in Tokyo has a bookstore and it sells Korean materials produced in both
Japan and North Korea. Besides Chosŏn Sinbosa, there are two other vendors which
distribute Korean language materials in Japan: Rainbow Trading Co.
(http://www.rainbowtrading.co.jp/) and Okura Info Service (http://www.e-okura.co.jp/). In
the past, these two companies only dealt with North Korean materials, but today they also
sell South Korean materials to North America. The companies target institutions within
Japan as their main customers.
Chapter 2 33
2.3.8 Korean Materials Published in the USA
There are also few Korean language materials produced by Korean-Americans in the
United States. Metropolitan areas with high Korean-American population, such as Los
Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, New York and Washington D.C., are the major centers of
production. However, materials produced in these areas are often histories of local Korean-
American communities or local Korean churches. These communities also tend to publish
poetry anthologies, novels and essays composed by the members of Korean-American
literature associations, which have a small membership circle. The publications usually
come in the format of periodicals or monographs, and the issues of such publications are
not always regular. Unlike in the past, however, even these kinds of Korean language
materials are now also being printed in South Korea, making it difficult to simply
categorize them as products generated purely by Korean-Americans in the United States.
Within the States, the majority of vendors distributing materials in Korean are local
bookstores run as small business establishments. The books they sell tend to be
concentrated in popular or religious genres, rather than those of scholarly interests.
Therefore, it seems that they have sporadic business dealings with local libraries, rather
than supplying professional scholarly materials that satisfy the demand of research
institutions and university libraries.
In accord with the advancement of IT technology, online bookstores have recently begun
to make their appearance as well. The companies worth noting among them are Aladin
US (알라딘 유에스) (http://us.aladin.co.kr/), which sells all monographs and DVD-
formatted movies released from South Korea, and Yesasia (www.yesasia.com), which
handles multimedia materials produced not only in Korea, but also in China and
Japan. One notable feature of these companies is that small-quantity orders placed
through them can be convenient, but as the cost is generally higher than the normal
pricing in South Korea, it would be unsuitable to use them to make large-quantity
purchases on a regular basis. Aside from the two companies mentioned above, there was
an LA-based vendor named Korean Trading Co. (Koryŏ Muyŏk, 고려무역) that sold
materials from North Korea over for thirty years, but it has recently closed.

2.3.9 Korean Materials from the Former USSR
In the territory of the former USSR, especially Tashkent in Uzbekistan and Almaty in
Kazakhstan, Korean language materials generated by ethnic Koreans in these areas (a.k.a.
Koryŏin 고려인) are almost nonexistent. This situation can be explained as a result of the
policy of the former Soviet government in 1937 that forced ethnic Koreans residing in
Primorsky Krai (Vladivostok and Khabarovsk) at the time to migrate to Central
Asia. During this time period, most of the Korean language materials produced by ethnic
Koreans was lost. Nevertheless, the materials stored in local universities and research
institutions survived. Since the forced migration to Central Asia, use of Korean language
was prohibited, creating conditions that rendered the production of Korean language
materials in the region almost impossible, and this condition persisted for a long time to the
present day. (But we do have a small number of books still preserved that were published in
Korean between the 1950s and 1980s by Moscow’s Oegungmun Sŏjŏk Ch’ulp’ansa
(외국문서적출판사) and Ppŭroguresŭ Ch’ulp’ansa (쁘로그레스출판사). Written on the
history of Soviet Communist Party or on communist party local policy, these texts were to
serve as aids to Korean-Russians who are illiterate in Russian.) After the forced migration
until the 1980s, Sasusŭi Ch’ulpansa (사수싀출판사) in Almaty, Kazakhstan had printed
literature-oriented published materials in Korean, but it is estimated that this publishing
house produced less than fifty titles in all. Aside from the aforementioned establishments,
Koryŏ Ilbo (고려일보) is publishing bilingual newspapers in Korean and Russian to this day.
Since the disintegration of the USSR in 1991, this area also saw an increase in the use of
the Korean language because of the many new immigrants from South Korea who came
with economic motives. Materials in Korean are now being generated for this portion of
the population. Due to such historical and social circumstances discussed so far, sales for
materials in Korean had not really taken place in the former USSR territory. Consequently
the only way to purchase Korean language materials published prior to the 1990s was
through the means of utilizing personal connections with local researchers in the field of
Korean studies.
Chapter 2 35
2.3.10 Conclusions
In the final analysis, it is clear that the amount of Korean language materials produced
outside of the Korean Peninsula is small and appears to be declining. In fact, even the
extant materials are in a danger of disappearing, or are already in the process of
disappearing. There are a few researchers focusing their studies on the production and
distributions of materials written in Korean language around world, but there is still no
one forming a comprehensive collection of such materials. After all, a task of this
breadth cannot be undertaken by a single individual researcher. Acknowledging such
circumstances, this paper calls for the attention of the National Library of Korea and the
National Assembly Library in South Korea to recognize the worrisome and problematic
state of present affairs sooner rather than later, and realize the necessity to collect unique
and endangered materials. Finally, the author of this section must admit that this brief
text is too numerous in its inadequacies, and therefore promises a deeper, more refined
research article in the very near future.

2.4. Acquisitions: Approval Plan
By Youngsim Leigh4
An approval plan is a contractual arrangement between a library and a supplier (or a

publisher, or a wholesaler) who can accept the responsibility for selecting and supplying
current publications based upon selection guidelines (or collection profiles) established
by the library. A library’s selection guidelines (collection profiles) can be specified in
terms of subjects, levels, formats, prices, languages, publisher, or other criteria. Unlike a
blanket order, approval plans include return privileges for materials which do not satisfy a
library’s specific collection needs. Materials can be selected by the supplier alone, or the
selection efforts can be coordinated between the book supplier and librarians if the quality
of materials is a major concern in implementing an approval plan.
Although approval plans are generally utilized by libraries with larger budgets, a library
of any size and budget can make more effective use of its acquisitions programs with
carefully written selection guidelines. Particularly, small libraries where there are no
Korean studies librarians or specialists can make efficient use of an approval plan. The
only current drawback for implementing an approval plan for Korean materials is that
only 1 or 2 suppliers have experience handling an approval plan with libraries outside of
Korea.
2.4.1 Major characteristics of an approval plan

1. Generally, a single supplier is selected to ensure efficiency. It is easier to avoid
duplication, maintain consistent service, and save effort on additional training.
However, if a library elects to use more than one approval plan supplier, the
library does have to make sure to allocate coverage to avoid duplications across
subjects, format, languages, or publishers.
2. The book supplier is pre-authorized to make selections of newly published

materials that conform to the set of selection guidelines (or collection profiles)
prepared by the library.
3. Selections by the supplier can be supplemented by librarians’ selections.

Librarian involvement in selecting materials will tend to reduce concerns about
4
Librarian, Asian and Middle Eastern Division, Library of Congress
Chapter 2 37
the quality of materials being acquired on an approval plan. The suppliers can
keep track of their selections as distinguished from the librarian selections.
4. A library has a return privilege specified in the contractual agreement for

materials which do not meet the library’s collection needs.
5. Approval plans are renewed on a fiscal year basis, with a specified amount of
funding.
6. Suppliers can be evaluated and selected either through an informal review

process or a formal bidding process, on a regular basis.
7. Sample issues of new serials can be requested as part of the approval plan.
2.4.2 Benefits of implementing an approval plan
1. Saving time: effective use of library staff and specialists’ time will be the most
significant benefit.
1.1. Librarians or specialists can be freed from recommending and ordering

easily identifiable mainstream publications and publishers, and devote
themselves to focusing on materials that are harder to find, smaller
publishers, and other more specialized research materials. Also, a library
with a limited number of Korean librarians or no Korean language expertise
can take advantage of appropriate approval plan suppliers.
1.2. Invoice payment can be streamlined by paying for the bulk of purchased
materials at one time.
1.3. Standing orders for monographic series or incomplete multi-part sets can be
placed on the approval plan fund, with the supplier authorized to send each
new part as it is published. This will not only save time, but also serve to
prevent duplicated orders.
1.4. Routine workflow procedures and knowledge of the library’s needs result in
reduction of supplier training and feedback time.

2. Return privileges: a percentage of supplier selections specified in the agreement
can be returned without prior approval. Items specifically requested by the
librarians can generally be returned only with the supplier’s permission. The
suppliers can issue credits for returned materials that can be used in partial
payment for invoices on hand.
3. Additional services: It is easier to request useful additional services from

approval plan suppliers. Such services include:
3.1. Additional customized supplier recommendation lists focused on specific

subject areas or topics
3.2. The monitoring of duplicated orders
3.3. The monitoring of expenditure of funds
3.4. Bibliographic records for the materials acquired by the library and shelf-
ready services
4. Discounted book prices or shipping costs.
2.4.3 Disadvantages of an approval plan
1. The materials selected by the approval plan suppliers generally need to be

reviewed by the librarians or subject experts, and the librarians do need to
prepare written selection guidelines (or collection profiles) and provide feedback
on the supplier’s material selections on a regular basis.
2. The services of approval plan suppliers have to be repeatedly evaluated on a

regular basis.
3. Occasional acceptance of materials subject matters which are out-of-scope or

duplicated materials.
Chapter 2 39
2.4.4 Approval plan suppliers in Korea
As of today, only two of the major South Korean suppliers, Eulyoo Publishing Co. Ltd.
and Panmun Co. Ltd., are known to have had experience with libraries outside of Korea,
supplying materials on an approval plan basis.
-- Selecting materials
Generally, these suppliers have not been employing specific subject experts, but they
have enough knowledge and experience with various levels of Korean publications and
publishing communities to select materials to meet basic libraries’ collection needs, when
following well prepared selection guidelines. If the quality of materials is a major concern
in implementing the approval plan, librarians can modify the traditional approval plan
workflows, and they can review suppliers’ book lists or publishers’ catalogs in advance
and preselect titles before suppliers send materials. Libraries can also communicate with
suppliers on a regular basis to tailor minor adjustments to meet libraries’ needs. The
suppliers are very cooperative in general with modifications to workflow or selection
requirements.
-- Processing materials
1. Ordering: Most of the ordering process is done by email. The suppliers cited have
not yet implemented a streamlined automated system or a website from which a
librarian can select and order titles directly.
2. Shipping: Materials are generally sent by the most economical shipping method,
which is surface mail, and it usually takes 1-2 months to receive materials in the
US. However, “rush” materials can be delivered via special express mail as
needed.
3. Accuracy: Accuracy of invoices and other related documentation are generally

dependable.
4. Duplication check: Suppliers search libraries’ OPAC, and they maintain a list of
titles that they have supplied for each customer. The duplication checks are
generally reliable, unless a library receives materials from multiple sources.

5. Bibliographic records and shelf-ready services: Suppliers can provide minimum
level bibliographic records for the materials they supply either by sending MARC
format files, Excel spreadsheets to convert to MARC records, or cataloging directly
in OCLC. Providing full level bibliographic records is currently something of a
challenge for Korean suppliers. Since none of the Korean suppliers are OCLC
members yet, the library has to establish a third party agreement including supplier
and OCLC if it wants the supplier to create the minimum level cataloging records in
OCLC in place of the library. Also, the suppliers can provide a partial barcode
labeling or binding services.
-- Customer services
1. The suppliers are prompt in responding to requests, questions, or price queries.

They are generally efficient with customer service, and prompt processing of
ordered materials.
2. The suppliers provide careful maintenance of acquisition related documents and

monitoring the expenditure of funds. For example, they can provide copies of well
documented statements of accounts on a regular basis so that it is easier and saves
time for a library to be fiscally responsible.
3. The suppliers have been willing to learn and keep up with new systems, although
one supplier may maintain a slightly better acquisitions processing related system
than others, where the customers can check the status of their orders in the web,
FTP MARC records files, EDI the invoice processing, etc. However, the systems
they have developed are not off the shelf or standardized systems that can help a
library to streamline selection and ordering processes, or create biographic records.
There are a number of areas that need to be improved.
4. The suppliers are willing to provide the service of working as a mediator for gifts
or exchange materials and shipping the materials for libraries when Korean
institutions, universities, or individuals cannot themselves ship directly for various
reasons.
Chapter 2 41
-- Book prices and other related matters
The formula for pricing books varies depending on the approval plan suppliers. A specific
supplier might apply 10-20% higher to the marked book price as a part of the handling
service. Others might surcharge book prices with manipulated flat currency rates, or
shipping and handling costs. However, they might apply a 10-20% discount to the marked
book price for multi-volume sets. Such conditions must be clarified before agreeing to
the contract.
2.4.5 Documents needed for contracting the approval plan
Well written contractual documents help to ensure acquisition of better quality materials,
and to guarantee that acquisition related business transactions will be processed more
efficiently. These documents are: A Letter of Agreement, Selection Guidelines (or
Collection Profiles), and Business Guidelines.
-- A Letter of Agreement
A Letter of Agreement for an approval plan is a legal document of agreement between a

library and a material supplier which specifies the duration of contract, budget, and
obligations. The letter should contain the following basic information:
1. Both parties’ addresses.
2. Contractual period: note duration of contractual agreement, e.g. from beginning of

fiscal year to end of fiscal year.
3. Brief collection scope: include a brief description of the types of materials or

geographic areas, e.g., South Korean or Science and Technology materials
published by the Republic of Korea, or materials published in or about the
Kyongsang area, or materials published by only specific publishers.
4. Authorized budget amount for the supplier to spend within the contractual period.
Minimum and maximum amounts can be noted so that the library can be flexible
in case of budget fluctuations during the period of contractual agreement.
5. Both parties’ signatures and dates.
(See the attached modified example used at the Library of Congress #1)

-- Selection Guidelines (or Collection Profiles)
Selection Guidelines (or Collection Profiles) specify in detail to guide what types of
materials a supplier should supply on the approval plan fund and to place limitations on
the supplier. The following points should be described in detail.
1. Publication coverage date and copy: Generally, the supplier should select one copy
of new books published during the current year, but the publication time frame
can be modified depending on the library’s needs, e.g., within 5 years.
2. Specifications: Provide limitations on certain categories of materials. Materials

requiring librarian permission before supplying materials are: expensive items,
non-book materials, non-commercial items which have the potential to be
acquired as gift or exchange, popular subjects, self-published works, special
formats, translated items or out-of-scope materials as specified by the collection
development policy.
3. List all the subject categories in detail. Materials needed by the library should
conform to the library’s collection development policy, but should be described in
a manner that makes it easier for suppliers to identify the materials they need to
supply.
4. Indicate specific formats, languages, areas, publishers or publications to include or

not to include.
5. Guidelines for suppliers concerning what to supply and what not to.
6. What to do with editions, including unrevised editions, and how many copies to
supply. Indicate how to supply multi-part items or monographs in series.
-- Business Guidelines
Business guidelines describe in detail all business related transaction matters concerning
how the budget should be used, what types of publications the suppliers should send, return
privileges for the materials not wanted by a library, procedures on claim and cancellation,
instructions on packing, shipping, credit, and invoicing, and legal restrictions, such as
prohibiting the suppliers from using the library for their commercial gain in advertising.
Chapter 2 43
1. Budget: Make sure that the amount authorized for the supplier to spend covers
both the cost of publications selected by them and by the library. Also, the
supplier should be fiscally responsible for sending materials within a budget limit.
The supplier monitors the expenditure of the budget on a regular basis and
informs the library when the authorized amount is not sufficient or approaching
the total allowance before the end of the fiscal year.
2. Statements of Account: request the statements of account on a regular basis

(monthly or quarterly). Each statement should include, at a minimum: 1) invoice
or credit note number, 2) invoice or credit note date, 3) amount billed or credited
on each invoice or credit note, 4) total statement balance, 5) identify invoice
payments that are fulfilled or overdue.
3. Instructions on supplying publications: Instruct that all publications are to be sent

on approval. Titles that the library approves and accepts will be purchased by the
library. Also, the library may return up to a certain percentage of items shipped if
the amount authorized for the fiscal year without prior permission includes any
duplicate or unwanted publications selected by the supplier (e.g.: 5% of the total
budget) The supplier should be required to inform the library when they cannot
supply specific materials requested by the library, such as out-of-print or
unavailable items. Also, they should not send any materials that the library
already has in its collection.
4. Duration of the agreement: The agreement should cover the current fiscal year
only, subject to annual renewal. It may also be terminated by either party after 30
days notice to the other party. The renewals of the agreement should take the form
of an updated version of a Letter of Agreement that accompanies the approval
plan.
5. Claim and cancellation notices: The library can send the supplier approval plan
claims. The library should also define when an order is considered as cancelled if
the supplier cannot supply the materials wanted by the library. The supplier can
offer later to supply the materials when they are available so that the library can
reconsider ordering items again.
6. The contact information: Inform where and to whom to report all supplier reports,
offers, and other correspondence concerning the agreement, invoices, credit
invoices, selection slips, or recommendation lists, etc.

7. Packing and Shipping Instructions: Instruct the supplier to pack materials in strong,
protective, waterproof containers that do not exceed 30-50 pounds. Secure the
containers with strong tape or strapping. Provide the address to ship by the most
cost effective means. The library will pay all regular shipping costs, except for
damaged or lost publications. Since the supplier bears the risk of possible loss of
material sent on approval under applicable U.S. law, they should be encouraged to
insure each container at their own expense.
8. Invoice Instructions: Provide instruction on preferred invoice format, what

information is needed, how they should invoice, how many copies should be
provided, and where they should send. It is more convenient to process invoices if
they are converted to US dollars. If it is charged in Korean currency, the exchange
rate for the currency should be effective by the time the payment or check is
issued. Korean suppliers generally charge in US dollars, but the methodology for
the currency conversion process is not consistent among Korean suppliers. It
needs to be negotiated and confirmed how the materials are to be charged before
the final agreement is reached. It should be made clear that the library cannot pay
for bank charges, taxes, or for currency conversions, nor compensate suppliers for
fluctuations in the exchange rate.
2.4.6 Criteria for selecting suppliers
The following criteria can be considered to evaluate materials suppliers should be able to:
1. Select high quality research value materials by following the library’s selection
guidelines or collection profiles, and provide various auxiliary materials (e.g.
online databases, publishers’ catalogs, or lists) to librarians. Respond to additional
requests when needed, such as out-of- print materials, providing extra information,
lists, or catalogs of publications on specific topics.
2. Undertake standard business transactions efficiently. For example, ensuring

accuracy of invoices, shipping materials according to the business guidelines,
monitoring expenditures of funds provided, communicating business related
matters in a timely manner, etc.
Chapter 2 45
3. Maintain their own system and database efficiently to keep track of book titles,
ordered materials, accurate account statements and budget expenditures.
4. Keep an updated information system to be able to provide bibliographic records in

standard format, to implement electronic data interchange for payments, and place
orders online.
5. Maintain excellent searching skills to keep track of ordered materials within their
own information system and also be able to search the library’s OPAC so that the
duplicated materials are not sent.
6. Provide other ancillary services. For example, the ability to provide cataloging records,
shelf-ready or binding services; to provide additional lists of recommendations; to
provide material in e-book format.
Although there are choices of multiple suppliers who have been exporting Korean
publications outside of Korea, only a few suppliers have sufficient experience in handling
approval plans that one can compare and choose from. Choices of suppliers for North
Korean materials are especially limited.
Ultimately, we select a supplier who can meet our needs best, maximizing the services
that the supplier can provide, operating within the constraints of our necessarily limited
resources.
References
 Broadbent, J., Jenkins, B., Mwalilino, V. ABA Workflow and Procedures

Documentation: Approval Plan Overview. 2008: Acquisitions & Bibliographic
Access Directorate, Library of Congress.
 Library of Congress Authorization Letter (dealer selection)
 Library of Congress Selection Guidelines
 Library of Congress Approval Plan Business Guidelines

2.4.7 Appendixes
<Appendix 1. Sample General Approval Plan Authorization Letter>
Libraries Name and logo
Subject: GENERAL APPROVAL PLAN AUTHORIZATION FOR FISCAL YEAR YYYY

Period: MM DD YYYY through MM DD YYYY
Scope: [COUNTRY/REGION]
Minimum: [$X,XXX]
Maximum: [$XXX,XXX]
[VENDOR NAME AND ADDRESS]

[Library name] hereby authorizes the renewal of the GENERAL APPROVAL PLAN with
your firm for the fiscal year beginning on MMDDYYYY and ending on MMDDYYYY in the
following assigned area: [XXXXX - enter Country or countries or region].
Under this approval plan, you are authorized to supply at least [$X,XXX] worth of materials
and no more than [$XXX,XXX].
Federal regulations [or other regulations] governing the use of funds may require some
changes in the terms of our approval plans. You will be advised of any changes in advance.
Please select books for us according to the [LIBRARY NAME] Selection Guidelines at
attachment A. Terms and conditions of this approval plan are described in the [LIBRARY
NAME] Business Guidelines at attachment B.
To indicate your receipt of this approval plan and your acceptance of its terms, please sign
and date this page and return it to us as soon as possible by airmail or electronically.
Sincerely yours,
______________________________ Date: _______________________

[Title]
VENDOR ACCEPTANCE SIGNATURE

______________________________ Date: _______________________
Name and Title (please print)
Signature
Attachment A – [Library’s name] Approval Plan Selection Guidelines

Attachment B – [Library’s name] Approval Plan Business Guidelines
Chapter 2 47
<Appendix 2. Sample Approval Plan Selection Guidelines>
[LIBRARY NAME]
Approval Plan Selection Guidelines
Dates Covered
This approval plan covers books published within the past six years only. Normally, you
should select new books published during the current year. You may select older books
published within the six year limit, especially if they are just now coming to your attention;
however, do not select books published in any year that you did not service this approval plan.
Editions
Always supply the original edition, whether in hardcover or paperback.
Monographs In Series
Do not select monographs that are part of a series on this approval plan if the library has
placed a subscription order for that series with your firm.
Multipart Items
Although you may select complete multipart items, do not select separately published
volumes in incomplete sets, the volumes of which will be published over a number of years. If
the Library wants to purchase such sets, we shall place approval plan continuation orders for
them.
Number of Copies
Supply only one copy of each appropriate publication whether it is selected by you or ordered
by us. If we want to order more than one copy of a publication, we shall place firm orders for
the additional copies.
Publishers
Select publications of research value produced by all commercial publishers, including

university presses, except for any which may be excluded in the accompanying Special
Instructions.
Publications and Subjects To Be Selected
Select all appropriate publications and subjects as provided in the outline below, and supply
them as soon as possible upon publication without further authorization from us. This outline

is meant as a guide for selection. It gives you examples of the types of publications and
subjects in which we are interested, but it is not all-inclusive.
 Select publications written by authors from your assigned area that contain new
information, research or analysis, especially about topics related to your area.
 Select only the most authoritative or influential publications written by authors from
your area on topics that deal with other areas
 Avoid repetitive or derivative publications and popular treatments written for the
layman or student.
Agriculture
Select works on the social, cultural, economic, historical, and political aspects of agriculture,
including such topics as sustainable agriculture, biodiversity, and agrarian reform. Do not
select books on technical agriculture, including the cultivation of crops and animal husbandry.
Anthropology
Select works on anthropology, ethnology, and archaeology, including theoretical treatises and
reports of fieldwork. Also select works on folklore, customs, and fashion.
Art
Select books and exhibition catalogs produced by both commercial and non-commercial
publishers except for any that are excluded in the accompanying Special Instructions, in
these art subjects:
 Archaeology
 architecture (including gardens, landscape architecture, and urbanism)
 decorative arts (including ceramics, glass, mosaics, furniture, metalwork, textiles, and
costume)
 drawing, painting, and sculpture
 graphic arts (including prints, posters, manuscript illumination, illustration, graphic
design, propaganda, and such graphic humor and satire as cartoons and caricatures)
 photography
 works on the study of art (including art documentation and picture research)
 iconography
 technical analysis
 conservation
 preservation
 art history and historiography
 art criticism
 museums and museology
 patronage and collecting
 private collections
Chapter 2 49
 art sales and sales indexes
 world's fairs and international expositions.
Do not select manuals and advice to amateurs, especially in the graphic arts and photography,
and do not select comic books. Do not select books of reproductions of well-known and
widely reproduced artistic works.
Cooking
Select only the most authoritative books on cooking and gastronomy, especially those of
reference value. Select cookbooks that deal with the cuisine from your area only, including
major regional cuisines.
Do not select books about dieting.
Economics
Select works on the history of business, commerce, and economics on:
 all sectors of the economy, including the productive sector (farming, manufacturing)
and the service sector (finance, insurance, markets)
 economic infrastructure (transportation, communications, banking)
 important businesses
 business and labor organizations
 government economic institutions
 government economic policy and planning, including consumer affairs, domestic

subsidies, housing, foreign trade, labor relations, population policies, occupational
health and safety and other regulations
 nationalization and privatization
 public finance, taxation, and urban planning
Select only original and authoritative works on other regional economies, the global economy,
and theoretical topics such as economic theory, econometrics, marketing, management, etc.
Education
Select works on new teaching methods, curricula, the history of education, and important
educational institutions.

Do not select schoolbooks, textbooks, planning or teaching manuals, curriculum outlines,
tests and aids for passing examinations, correspondence courses, college catalogs, and do-it-
yourself books. Do not select dissertations on any topics covered by this approval plan unless
they are commercially published.
Film, radio, and television

Select books about the history, technology, and criticism of film, radio, television, and
journalism, including print journalism. Select works about important personalities (actors,
directors, journalists, producers, writers, etc.) and about important films, documentaries,
television programs, series and genres.
Do not select program schedules or popular books written for fans.
Geography
Select works on geography, including its physical, economic, cultural, social, and historical
aspects; on environmental issues, including technologies for monitoring the environment such
as remote sensing, geographic information systems, and photogrammetry. Select works on
topography and cartography. Select atlases, but not maps.
History
Select works about history of all periods, current events, and area and regional studies. Select
works on the theory and methodology of history, and related fields such as heraldry, philately
and numismatics. Select works on family history and genealogy published by commercial
publishers and by genealogical societies, except for any that may be excluded in the
accompanying Special Instructions. Select histories of cities, towns, and regions.
Do not select histories of local groups such as companies, banks, societies, cooperatives,
labor organizations, churches, and schools which have limited nationwide significance.
Library science
Select works on libraries and archives, library and information science, bibliography, the book
arts, the book trade, printing, and publishing.
Linguistics
Select works on language, dialects, and slang. Select authoritative works on aspects of
grammar. Select descriptive and theoretical works on linguistics, including semiotics and
artificial languages. Select works on language education, issues, and policy, especially with
regard to minority languages. Select works on the history and development of language,
particularly as it differs in usage from one country to another.
Literature
Select works on literary and dramatic history, theory, and criticism. Select significant essays,
novels, plays, poetry, and short stories issued by prominent publishers or written by
outstanding authors (e.g., those who have won awards or who have been favorably reviewed
Chapter 2 51
by reputable critics). With regard to selecting plays, concentrate on plays that have been
staged, emphasizing production in major theaters.
Do not select best sellers unless they have literary merit.
Do not select mass market fiction and romantic novels.
Children's literature
Select a representative sample (about 20) of the best new titles of literature for children of all
ages, including all books that win prestigious awards. Select works that reflect current
publishing trends, highlight the diversity of design and illustration, and reveal new
interpretations of social and political themes.
Do not select reprints or translations of the classics.
Science fiction
Select a representative sample (about 10) of the best new examples of award winning science
fiction and fantasy.
Medicine and health
Select books on the social, cultural, economic, historical, and political aspects of medicine.
Also select books on public health and sanitation. Do not select books on veterinary medicine
or on clinical medicine, including works on medical practice, techniques, and technology.
Military and naval science
Select works on military and naval forces, including history and customs, doctrine, force
structure, strategy and tactics, defense conversion, and the political and social role of the
armed forces.
Performing arts
Select works of research value on music, theater, and dance, including exhibition catalogs,
published correspondence, substantive books about instructional methods, and books about
production aspects of the theater, including acting, costume, direction, lighting, producing,
and scenery. Do not select music scores or sound recordings.
Periodicals
Select one sample issue, preferably the first issue, of each newly published serial, annual, and
periodical publication on all topics covered by this approval plan. It is important that you
indicate SAMPLE COPY on the issue itself and on your invoice. If we wish to receive further
issues, we will send you a subscription order.
Philosophy
Select works on philosophy, the history of philosophy, logic, speculative philosophy
(including metaphysics, epistemology, methodology, ontology), aesthetics, ethics (including

ethical systems and the study and teaching of ethics), epistemology, and the philosophies of
the various disciplines or branches of knowledge. Emphasize philosophers from your area and
schools of thought that originated or prevail in your area.
Politics and government

Select works on political history, theory, and practice; on government administration,
organization, and institutions; on political parties, their history and organization; on
international relations, comparative politics, policy studies, and peace studies.
Psychology
Select works on psychology and books about psychologists of international renown. Do not
select books on clinical psychology (including psychotherapy) or books that are exclusively
or primarily devoted to the treatment of alcoholism, drug abuse, and other addictions.
Reference works
Select bibliographies, individual biographies and biographical reference books, dictionaries
(but not pocket dictionaries), directories, encyclopedias, and statistical works on all topics that
are covered by this approval plan. Also select reference works intended for use by
professional practitioners (e.g., managers, accountants, scientists, scholars, writers).
Religion
Select works on theology and mythology, atheism and agnosticism, major religions and sects,
the history of religious groups, the influence of religion, and government policy towards
religion. Select critical editions of and commentaries on sacred books. Also select significant
translations of those books into the language(s) of your area.
Do not select ephemeral materials, including tracts and evangelical treatises and inspirational,
evangelical, or devotional literature.
Science and mathematics
Select works that contain new knowledge or theories developed or discovered by scientists in
your area in mathematics and all branches of science, especially in the natural sciences
relating to your area's flora, fauna, climate, and geology, including volcanology, seismology,
and paleontology, etc. Select works on the philosophy and history of science, scientific theory
and method, and governmental scientific policy.
Do not select works, particularly in mathematics and the physical sciences, at a level that
would be treated uniformly in all countries and languages.
Sociology
Select theoretical and descriptive works dealing with society, the community, and the family
in both rural and urban areas. Select works on criminology, penology, juvenile delinquency,
and welfare. Select works on the status of racial, ethnic, religious, linguistic, and political
Chapter 2 53
minorities. Select only the most authoritative works on etiquette, sexual mores, childcare, and
home economics particularly if such works represent a new or different approach to
traditional customs or attitudes.
Sports
Select only the most authoritative books on sports, especially those of reference value or those
that serve to illustrate social and cultural aspects. Do not select books on physical fitness or
popular works written for fans.
Technology
Select works in technological subjects such as aeronautics, manufacturing, and related fields.
Also select works on infrastructure, including roads, ports, bridges, and telecommunications.
Select works on the history of technology and on technology transfer. Do not select technical
reports, standards and norms, individual patents or specifications, computer programming
guides, maintenance manuals, and telephone directories.
Travel
Select only the most authoritative books on travel and tourism, especially those of reference
value. Select travel guides at the national level unless they are published as periodicals. Select
travel guides at the provincial and local levels only if they do not duplicate information
contained in the national guides. Do not select books with little or no text that consist
primarily of postcards or photographs of scenery or places to visit.
Women's studies
Select works on feminism, the women's movement, women's studies, the histories of major
women's organizations, and the changing role of women in society.
Publications and Subjects To Be Excluded
Please do not select the materials described below. Supply excluded materials only if
they are ordered by the Library and our approval plan orders bear the notation,
NOTWITHSTANDING RESTRICTIONS. If they do not, please return them to us
with your report and await our instructions.
If you are uncertain whether to supply a particular item, or if you would like to draw
our attention to an excluded item that you think we should order, please offer it to us
in writing or write an X next to its citation in any of the bibliographies, selection slips,
or lists that you send for our review.

Books published outside of your country or countries
If a book names several cities of publication on the title page, supply it only if the primary
place of publication (i.e., the one named first or otherwise distinguished by typography) is
located in your country. Do not select any book that is also published or was once published
in the United States or that is available from an exclusive distributor in the United States. If
the Library wants to acquire such items, we shall first try to obtain them via copyright or
purchase them from a domestic source.
Expensive publications
Do not select monographs complete in a single volume that cost more than $500.00 or
complete multi-part monograph sets that cost more than $1,000.00 unless otherwise instructed.
Law
The Library's requirements for legal materials are provided for in a separate approval plan.
Therefore, do not supply any legal materials on this account.
Non-book materials
Do not select audio cassettes, compact discs, phonograph records and tapes; filmstrips,
motion pictures, slides, video cassettes; machine readable formats (e.g. CD-ROM, diskettes,
databases on diskettes, computer programs); manuscripts; maps; or microforms. If the Library
wants to purchase such items, we shall place firm orders or subscription orders for them, as
appropriate. However, you may select books that are supplemented or complemented by such
materials.
Non-commercial publications
Do not select publications or documents issued by the following non-commercial publishers,

including those issued in cooperation with a commercial publisher, except as provided for in
the Special Instructions:
 Local, provincial, national, or international governmental organizations

 Learned or professional societies and associations
 Universities and other educational institutions
 International organizations
 Banks, businesses, foundations, clubs, labor organizations, and political parties.
If the Library wants to acquire such items, we usually try to obtain them via exchange or gift.
Chapter 2 55
Popular subjects
Do not select books on hobbies, pets, gardening, sex, pornography, success, careers, astrology,
personal finances, coloring books, and self-help works.
Self-published works and vanity press publications
Do not select books published by firms that specialize in producing books at the author's
expense and risk or books that are self-published. If the Library wants to acquire self-
published items, we usually try to obtain them as gifts. This exclusion does not apply to small
presses owned by private individuals or groups which publish only those works selected by
their editors for their literary or bibliographical merit.
Special formats
Do not select pamphlets (i.e., books with fewer than 50 pages), large print books or miniature
books (i.e., books less than 10 centimeters in height). Do not select loose-leaf publications. If
the Library wants to purchase such updatable items, we shall place subscription orders for
them.
Translations
Do not select translations except into English. If a book is published simultaneously in

several editions by language, one of which is English, supply the English edition only.
Otherwise, supply the edition in the major language spoken in the country of publication.
Unrevised editions
Do not select unrevised, reprinted, or facsimile editions of previously published works, unless
they are accompanied by substantive new commentary or critical introductions. Do not select
offprints and extracts of articles from journals and books.

<Appendix 3. Sample Approval Plan Business Guidelines>
Approval Plan Business Guidelines
General Conditions of This Order
Our budget
The amount you are authorized to spend is intended to cover both the cost of publications
selected by you and the cost of the titles that we specifically request that you send us. If you
determine that the amount we have authorized this year is not sufficient to supply publications
based on our specifications or if you find before the end of the fiscal year that the cumulative
cost of the material you have sent is approaching the total amount, please send us your
estimate of the increase necessary as soon as possible, and we shall send you further
instructions.
Publications are sent on approval
All publications are sent on approval. Titles that we approve and accept will be purchased by
the library. The library may return without prior permission any duplicate or unwanted
publications selected by you up to a total value of [5]% of the amount authorized for the fiscal
year. Under applicable U.S. law, the vendor bears the risk of the possible loss of material sent
on approval.
No assignment of this account number is allowed
Do not permit another supplier to send material quoting this account number. If you cannot
obtain the material and ship it to us yourself, please inform us, and we shall order it directly
from the supplier.
Duration of this agreement
This agreement covers the current fiscal year only, but is subject to annual renewal. It may
also be terminated by either party after [30] days notice of termination to the other party. Our
renewals of this agreement will take the form of an updated version of the letter of agreement
that accompanies this approval plan.
Claims
We may send you approval plan claims. Please report on the status of these items (e.g., out-
of-print, unavailable, not-yet-published) but do not send duplicates.
Chapter 2 57
Your Correspondence
Address all dealer reports, offers, selection lists and other correspondence concerning this
agreement to:
[ADDRESS]
Packing and Shipping Instructions
Packing
Pack materials in strong, protective, waterproof containers that do not exceed 50 pounds or 23
kilograms in weight. Secure the containers with strong tape or strapping. Accurately and
plainly write your name and address on each container and address it to:
[ADDRESS]
Shipping
Send containers to the above address by the most cost effective means. Do not use a method
of shipping that will incur customs charges.
Transportation costs
[LIBRARY NAME] will pay all regular transportation charges except when damaged
publications are sent.
Insurance
[LIBRARY NAME] is not responsible for the loss or damage of publications while in transit
and cannot reimburse you for the cost of insurance. Therefore, you are advised to insure each
container for its full value at your own expense.
Invoice Instructions
To help us pay you promptly, please observe the following instructions carefully.
Separate invoices for different types of orders
Provide separate invoices for general and law approval plan materials. (If you also supply
[LIBRARY NAME] with publications on firm orders and subscription orders, please provide
separate invoices for these types of materials as well). If you handle more than one of our
approval plans, please prepare separate invoices for publications supplied on each account,
and, if possible, prepare separate invoices for your selections and for our approval plan orders.
Please cite titles in alphabetical order.

Account or order number
Cite your account number on all invoices which list your selections. (Your account number
appears on the letter of agreement you received from us.) Cite our approval plan order
numbers on all invoices which list our orders. If you did not receive an approval plan order
number from us, cite your account number instead.
Original invoice and copies
Prepare an original invoice and send it electronically to [EMAIL ADDRESS]. Or you may
send your original invoice by airmail to:
[ADDRESS]
If you send the invoice electronically, DO NOT send a duplicate by airmail. Please choose
one method or the other. This e-mail address is ONLY for invoices and credits. All other
correspondence and statements should be sent directly to [OFFICE NAME] that manages
your approval plan.
On your invoice, please also provide the shipping address that is cited in the Packing and
Shipping Instructions above. This information will help [OFFICE NAME] direct your invoice
to the section which is responsible for paying it.
Include a copy of the invoice in the package of books. Attach the second copy of the invoice
to the outside of the package in an envelope labeled "INVOICE." This copy is for Customs. If
it is missing, Customs will have to open the package.
One invoice per package
Please prepare one or more invoices per package rather than one invoice that covers several
packages. Because the packages may not all arrive at the same time, this procedure will help
us expedite your payments.
Charges for publications
List and identify as completely as possible each publication for which you claim payment and
indicate its price. The cost of each item supplied should be as low as or lower than the cost
charged to your most favored customer for comparable quantities under similar conditions.
Shipping charges
Please list shipping as a separate item on your approval plan invoices. If you must bill this
charge separately, prepare a shipping invoice and identify the approval plan invoices to which
it pertains. Attach a receipt for freight charges in excess of US$50.
Chapter 2 59
Currency of invoice and payment
Payment of your invoice will be made within 90 days of our receipt and acceptance of the
material and invoice. You may bill in US$. If your invoice is billing in a foreign currency, we
will pay you in US$ at the exchange rate in effect at the date of payment unless your invoice
specifically instructs us to pay you in the foreign currency. We cannot reimburse you for bank
charges or currency conversion charges.
Prompt payment
Payments will be made within 90 days of receipt and acceptance of the material and invoice.
Credits
If issuing a credit to the Library, please indicate the reason the credit was issued and cite the
original invoice number to which the credit applies. Send the credit note electronically to
[EMAIL ADDRESS]. Or you may send the credit note by airmail to:
[ADDRESS]
If you send the credit note electronically, DO NOT send a duplicate by airmail. Please choose
one method or the other. This e-mail address is ONLY for invoices and credits. All other
correspondence and statements should be sent directly to [OFFICE NAME] that manages
your approval plan.
Statements of Accounts
Prepare quarterly statements of accounts listing invoices and credits issued to the library
during the annual authorization period. Quarterly statements cover the following periods:
[October 1 to December 31; January 1 to March 31; April 1 to June 30; and July 1 to
September 30]. Each statement should include, at minimum: a) invoice or credit note number,
b) invoice or credit note date, c) amount billed or credited on each invoice or credit note, d)
total statement balance. Identify invoice payments that are fulfilled or overdue. All statements
should be sent directly to [OFFICE NAME] that manages your approval plan.
Use of [LIBRARY NAME] Name in Advertising
The vendor agrees not to refer to awards from, purchases from or Agreements with
[LIBRARY NAME] in commercial advertising in such a manner as to state or imply that the
product or service provided is preferred by [LIBRARY NAME] or is superior to other
products or services. The vendor also agrees not to distribute or release any information that
states or implies that [LIBRARY NAME] endorses, uses, or distributes the vendor's products
or services.

2.5. Acquisitions: Firm Orders
By Mikyung Kang5
The term ‘Firm order’ in library acquisitions usually refers to an order that is determined
by title specifically, and orders placed for books or other items that are usually received
and paid for one time only. Under this definition, firm orders are not made for approval
plan material, blanket orders, standing orders, and/or subscriptions. In this chapter, firm
orders include the following:
 one-time orders
 single-volume titles
 multi-volume sets when all volumes are expected to be received in one shipment
In general, firm ordering is the preferred method for acquisitions of Korean materials by
the majority of overseas academic libraries than approval plans or blanket orders. One
primary reason for using firm ordering is due to the current limited availability of
approval plan services for Korean materials from the two Koreas and other East Asian
countries.
Basically, the firm order process for Korean materials is not much different from firm
ordering in mainstream acquisitions of Western language materials through relatively
large scale vendors in the West, the main differences being limited data loading services
and longer delivery time for international shipments.
The firm ordering process of Korean materials follows these general steps:
2.5.1 Selecting materials
Bibliographers select Korean materials based on library users’ research interests and
needs within each library’s collection development policy. For effective ways of
handling the selection process, publication lists in Excel are often used by bibliographers
in firm ordering, since at present no Korean book vendors have online interfaces designed
for libraries’ direct firm ordering of Korean materials (e.g. YBP’s Gobi). However, Excel
5
Chapter 2 61
files are a basic and convenient tool for vendor communications and delivery of groups of
selected titles by batch via email.
Machine-generated order email messages can be sent to book vendors title by title
through a local library system if the system is set to send orders out by email. This
method is rarely used for Korean materials due to the high risk of potential email loss.
When selecting titles of Korean materials, bibliographers use many tools to look for new
and/or old titles available on the market, and the following are a few examples of
effective tools:
2.5.2 New publication lists from Korean book vendors
Currently, the following Korean book venders provide Excel lists of new publications on
a regular basis:
-- Materials from South Korea
1. Panmun Co., Ltd. (Pŏmmun Haksul Chŏngbo, 범문학술정보):

Provides a list on a weekly basis via email and print mailing once a month; the list
contains information in Korean scripts and romanization of author, title,
publication information, series title, ISBN, number of pages, price, and subject of
each item.
2. Eulyoo Publishing Co., Ltd. (Ŭryu Munhwasa, 을유문화사):

Provides a list on a bi-weekly basis via email; the list contains Korean scripts and
romanization of author, title, publication information, series title, ISBN, number
of pages, price, and publishing date; divided by subject in each tab.
3. The Asian Culture Press (Asia Munhwasa, 아세아 문화사):

Provides a list on a bi-weekly basis via email; the list contains subject, title, author,
publication information, ISBN, price, and series title in Korean scripts.
-- Materials from North Korea
1. Hong Longji (Beijing Sunyoung Scientific Technology Trade Co., Ltd. ):

Provides new publication lists in Excel by requests via email; the list contains
subject, title, author, price in euros, and publication information in Korean scripts.
2. Rainbow:
Provides available publication lists irregularly in text via e-mail.
2.5.3 Online bookstore lists
A few Korean online bookstores provide a function to generate selected titles in Excel for
registered users. This is quite a useful tool for title selections, since online bookstore sites
provide table of contents, book reviews, book jacket images, subject categories, detailed
publication information, preview pages, etc. for each title. The following online
bookstores provide the function to generate selected titles in Excel, so that the lists can be
easily utilized for firm ordering:
1. Kyobo Mun’go 교보문고 <http://kyobobook.co.kr/>: Registration required to

save selected items into ‘Pogwanham 보관함’ and to generate an Excel file of the
selections; Excel lists contain basic publication information including author, title,
series title, ISBN, format, date, page, price, subject, etc.
2. Aladin 알라딘 <http://aladin.co.kr/>: Registration required to save selected items

into ‘Pogwanham 보관함’ and to generate an Excel file of the selections; the list
contains basic publication information including author, title, series title, ISBN,
format, date, number of pages, price, subject, etc.
2.5.4 Ordering
-- Selection of suppliers/vendors
Appendixes I-III show the vendor lists for Korean materials. Korean materials are published
mainly in South Korea and North Korea, but also in China, Japan, North America, etc. as
well. Appendix I is a list of the vendors which supply South Korean materials, while
Appendix II is for North Korean materials. As listed in Appendix III, these online
bookstores designed specifically for customers in the US are quite useful for rush orders for
libraries in North America, since domestic delivery time is usually less than a week or so.
Chapter 2 63
Korean language publications from China and Japan can be ordered through established
vendors in China and Japan for Chinese and Japanese materials, in general, but the active
vendors are selectively listed in Appendix II.
There are many local Korean bookstores in the Los Angeles, New York, and Chicago
areas which cater to large Korean-American populations. Some of the local bookstores
also supply Korean materials to academic and public libraries nearby. Those bookstores
are not listed in this chapter.
The quality of service provided by each vendor listed in Appendix I-III can be addressed
by experienced librarians in the Korean Studies field individually. The vendors listed in
Appendix I-III have many years of experience in exporting books overseas, so they are
well-versed in regards to shipping and invoicing for overseas libraries. The information
is based on responses from the vendors through email surveys in March 2014.
-- Bibliographic record creation
In general, a preliminary bibliographic record is created for each ordered title in library
systems as a first technical step. Bibliographic records can be generated manually by a
staff member title by title, and if any existing OCLC records are found, they can be
utilized for ordering after exporting.
If no MARC records are available to use for firm ordering, an Excel list can be converted
into MARC using MarcEdit.
Converting a selected publication list in Excel into a MARC file
MarcEdit is a free software application that is downloadable from the following site:
http://marcedit.reeset.net/downloads. It is possible to convert Excel files with publication
information into MARC files, upload them into the library system, and use them when
ordering. The following step-by-step instruction shows how to convert a publication list
in Excel into a MARC file by using MarcEdit:
1. Download MarcEdit version 5.9 from the following site:

http://marcedit.reeset.net/downloads
2. Prepare an Excel list following the template format

[Note: Excel template and .mrd file (mapping template) should be matched]
3. Click ‘Delimited Text Translator’ after opening MarcEdit

4. Input file: Excel template; Outfile: .mrk file
5. Excel sheet name: Sheet1
6. Edit fixed field: Change encoding level I to 5; ‘45e0’ to ‘4500’; date to 2011;
country to ko; language to kor (note: somehow, one cannot save this fixed field
setting as default, so one has to make these changes every time one converts)
Chapter 2 65
7. Click “UTF-8 Encoded”
8. Load template: .mrd file (this mapping template can be edited and re-saved
according to the Excel template; both format should be matched in order to create
a MARC record)
9. After loading template, click ‘finish’.
10. Click ‘MARC tools’ and then click ‘MarcMaker’
11. Input file: .mrk
12. Output file: .mrc
13. Click ‘Excute’

A sample .mrc file (MARC) looks like this in the NotePad:
Chapter 2 67
The MARC file can be imported into the library system using a batch loading process.
Usually, the MARC record import function is found in the Cataloging Client, but some
libraries need to go through their system’s permission process to set up the import
function, depending on each library’s policy.
Advantages of this conversion process are as follows:
 Time effectiveness in batch processing of bibliographic record creation

 Readiness of selected titles with romanization in Excel templates which is
provided by some vendors
Disadvantages of this conversion process are as follows:
 Need to set up the import function in the local library system (Cataloging client)
for importing MARC files created through MarcEdit
 Simplified MARC fields and tags
 No details in MARC
 No flexibility in 1xx, 24x fields,
 Creation of the 100 field by default for any types of authors
 .mrd files (mapping template for conversion processing) should be identified
separately for each format (book, DVD, etc.)
2.5.5 Data loading Services
Currently, a few Korean book vendors are able to provide MARC files for firm orders.
MARC files can be sent to the library system by FTP, and configured into the local
system. The following records can be loaded into the library system through the data
loading services by the vendor: bibliographic record, holding record, item record, order
record, and invoice record with line items.
Through the data loading services, data from the vendor record is mapped to a library
system, and when mapping, defined fields and tags may be all different depending each
local library system's settings.

2.5.6 Appendixes: Vendor Lists
Appendix I: Vendors for South Korean materials
Vendor Asian Culture Press Eulyoo Publishing Co. Kyungin Publishing Co.
Website http://www.acp21.co.kr/ www.eulyoo.co.kr http://kyungin.mkstudy.com/
Online shopping YES NO NO
1104-ho, 24, Dunchon-
daero 388beon-gil,
46-1 Susong-dong,
Jungwon-gu, 324-3, Mapo-dong, Mapo-
Address Chongno-gu, Seoul
Seongnam-si, gu, Seoul, Korea
110-140, Korea
Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
462-819
Phone/ Tel:82-31-720-5211~2 Tel. +82-2-733-6934 Tel.82-2-718-4831
Fax Fax:82-31-720-5213 Fax. +82-2-732-9154 Fx.82-2-703-9711
[email protected]
e-mail [email protected] [email protected]
[email protected]
Contact Person Ms. Eunjin Kim Ms. Mijin Jung Ms. So Young Kim
Language of
Korean and English Korean and English Korean and English
Communications
Specialty All materials All materials Korean History
Discount NO NO 10% D/C for members
Apply daily currency Apply daily currency
Apply daily currency rate on
Book Price rate on the date of rate on the date of
the date of invoice payment
invoice invoice
Actual shipping cost plus
Shipping charge Actual shipping costs Actual shipping costs
packing charge
Surface mail for regular
Surface mail for regular Surface mail for regular
orders/DHL for rush
Shipping method orders/DHL for rush orders/DHL or airmail for
orders/Air mail for DVD
orders rush orders
orders
No Packing fee, No
Service charge NO YES
Handling Charge
Approval plan NO YES NO
YES; at W10,000 per vol.
Binding service NO NO
(periodicals mainly)
Gov. materials YES YES YES
Materials formats all formats all formats all formats
Once a year for publisher's
New book info Weekly lists by e-mail Monthly lists by e-mail catalog; twice a year for
Korean studies materials
Academic libraries; academic libraries;
Customers Academic libraries
public libraries individuals
Free sample of reprint
Other services collections published by the
publisher (Kyungin)
Chapter 2 69
Vendor Panmun Co., Ltd. Taehaksa KSI
Website http://www.epanmun.co.kr/ www.thaehak4.com http://kstudy.com/
Online shopping Under planning NO NO
501 Wooree Venture Town.
498-8 P’aju Ch’ulp’an
466, Gangseo-ro 230, Heodong-gil , Paju-
Address Tanji, Munbeol-ri, P’aju-
Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 157- si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
si, Kyonggi-do, Korea
754, Korea
Phone/ Tel: 82 2 2063-0606 Tel. 82-32-955-7580 Tel.82-31-940-1173
Fax Fax: 82 2 2063-0605 Fx.82-31-955-0910 Fx.82-31-940-1166
e-mail [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
Ms. Ju Yeon Hong
Contact Person Ms. Myo-jin Jeong Mr. Jee, Hyung Gu
<[email protected]>
Language of
Korean and English Korean and English Korean and English
Communications
Specialty All materials All materials KSI Publications
10% (Photoprint book :
Discount NO NO
20%)
Fixed currency rate @ Apply daily currency
Apply daily currency rate
Book Price W1,100 or floating rate plus rate on the date of
on the date of invoice
15% handling charge invoice
Shipping charge Actual shipping cost Actual shipping cost Actual shipping cost
Surface mail for regular Surface mail for regular
Shipping Surface mail for regular
orders/DHL or airmail for orders/DHL or airmail
method orders
rush orders for rush orders
Service charge YES YES NO
Approval plan YES NO NO
Yes at US$6.00 per
Binding service volume; mylar and cross NO NO
binding
Gov. materials YES YES NO
Materials all formats, except KSI publications and
all formats
formats periodicals archiving CDs
Monthly by airmail/weekly
New book info upon requests upon requests
by email
Univ, Public, research
Customers libraries, museums, art academic libraries academic libraries
gallery, etc.
Provision of free
Standing orders; a few free permanent access to
Other services gratis items; dataloading KSI e-books with
services; purchases of KSI
publication titles

Dayeon
Vendor Seoul Selection Total Library Services
Publishing Co.
http://www.seoulselection.com/
Website Under construction
bookstore/
Online shopping YES NO NO
1109-1103, 126
B1 Korean Publishers
Baeyang-ro,
Association B/D, 105-2, Sagan-
1425 Honeyhill Dr. Walnut, Deogyang-gu,
Address dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-
CA 91789 Goyang-si,
190, Korea (branch office in
Gyeonggi-do,
Irvine, CA)
KOREA
82-2-734-9565 (in Korea); 82-2-
Tel. 909-816-3738 or 909- 82-70-4228-0723 /
Phone/ 734-9565 (outside Korea); 949-
816-3001 010-9115-4831
981-3167 (in USA - Ms. Yang)
Fax 82-2-734-9563 Fx. 909-594-7041
[email protected];
<total_libraryserv@hotmail. hanallhp@hanmail.
e-mail [email protected];
com> net
[email protected]
Ms.Choonhee Rhim
Contact Person Mr. Hank Kim Mr. Lee, Hwa-pyo
(Librarian)
Language of
Korean and English Korean and English Korean
Communications
Specialty Old publications
Discount 15% 10% and up NO
Apply daily
Apply daily currency rate on the
Book Price Negotiable currency rate on
date of invoice
the date of invoice
Actual shipping
Shipping charge Actual shipping cost Actual shipping cost
costs
Surface mail for
Surface mail for regular regular orders/DHL
Shipping method orders/DHL or airmail for rush Fedex for rush orders/Air
orders mail for DVD
orders
Service charge NO NO NO
Approval plan NO YES NO
Binding service NO YES NO
Gov. materials YES NO YES
Materials formats all formats Monographs, DVDs all formats
New book info Weekly lists by e-mail Book lists
Academic libraries; public Academic, public, school,
Customers University libraries
libraries special libraries
Book supply, collection
US bank account and W-9 form development, cataloging,
Other services
are available and processing for shelf-
ready Korean materials
Chapter 2 71
Appendix II: Vendors for Korean materials from North Korea and China
Hong Longji (Beijing
CIBTC (China
Rainbow Trading Sunyoung Scientific ASIA JOURNAL
Vendor international book
Co. Technology Trade Co., COMPANY
trading corporation)
Ltd.)
www.rainbow- http://www.asiajournal.co. http://www.cibtc.com.cn/g
Website www.dprk-book.com
trading.co.jp kr/ tweb/enaction.do
Online shopping Yes No Yes No
Kou 820-2, Sakawa- Rm. 406-18#, 172 #903 Classic Tower 493- 35, Chegongzhuang Xilu,
cho, Takaoka-gun, Beiyuan Road, 5 Dapsimni 1-dong, P.O.Box399_T, Postal
Address
Kochi-pref. 789-1201, Chaoyang District, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul Zone: 100048
Japan Beijing, CHINA 100101 130-805, Korea Beijing,China
Tel : (0086-10) 8485-
Phone Tel: 82-2-2215-7204 010-68433037
Tel./Fx. (81)-889-20- 3011, 8485-3012
9990 Fax : (0086-10) 8485-
/Fax Fax: 82-2-2215-7209 010-68414694
3853
Mr. MIYAGAWA Jun
<miyagawa@rainbo Mr. Hong, Longji
Ms. Jo, Yoon-Hwa Mr. Xiao Zhifei
Contact Person w-trading.co.jp>; <[email protected]>
<[email protected]> <[email protected]>
<info@rainbow- <[email protected]>
trading.co.jp>
Korean Materials
from North & South Korean Materials from Korean Materials from Korean Materials from
Specialty
Korea and North east North Korea and China North Korea and China North Korea and China
area of China
Language of English, Korean,
Korean Korean, English (e-mail) English
Communications Japanese
Discount case by case No No No
Apply daily currency Apply daily currency rate
Apply daily currency rate Apply daily currency rate
Book Price rate on the date on the date of invoice in
on the date of invoice on the date of invoice
of invoice EURO
EMS for books
Surface mail for regular Surface mail for regular Surface mail for regular
protection and your
Shipping orders/DHL or airmail for orders/ DHL or airmail for orders/DHL or airmail for
tracking/ others
rush orders rush orders rush orders
selected
Apply Sea mail fee
even if shipped by
Shipping method Actual shipping cost Actual shipping cost Actual shipping cost
EMS in case of large
order
Bank charges (under
Service Charge
$1,000)
Approval Plan no no No yes
Binding Service no no Yes (additional cost) no
all formats including serial
Materials formats Books, DVDs Journal, Books, DVDs books, DVDs
subscriptions
irregularly by email, North Korean Books (by
New book info irregularly by email no
HP e-mail)
academic libraries,
Academic libraries,
Customers scholars and manias academic libraries academic libraries
Government agency
for North Korea
deal with rare North
Other services Korean publications
and goods

Appendix III: Online vendors for Korean Materials
Vendor US Aladin AladdinUS (Bandi Book US)
http://www.aladinusa.com/about.html ;
Website http://us.aladin.co.kr/home/welcome.aspx
http://www.bandibookus.com/front/main.do
Online shopping Yes Yes
Chapter 2 73
2.6. Gift and Exchange Program
By Helen Kim6
Yunah Sung7
2.6.1 Introduction
Gifts and exchange constitute an important acquisitions source of materials that support
the teaching and research programs in the field of Korean Studies. Historically, donated
materials and the publications received via exchange programs have served as the
foundation of Korean Studies collection in many academic libraries in North America.
The main purpose of acquiring materials via donation is to collect resources with less cost
than purchasing them. The types of materials are as various as printed books and journals
including newspapers, audio and visual materials, artworks and handicrafts, etc., but this
chapter mainly describes librarians’ involvement with receiving printed books and
journals, and audio and visual materials for the library collection. Other types of gifts
should be handled by the library or the institution's Development Offices.
Generally, a librarian needs to be aware of a few things before accepting donations. One
should check to see whether there is a gift book policy at either the institution level or the
library level. If there is not, one needs to discuss the issues with one's supervisor
regarding the guidelines one should follow before receiving donations. At the same time,
the collection development policy also should be checked. One should find out if a gift in
kind agreement form exists in one's institution. If not, the librarian should again ask
his/her supervisor whether one should be created.
In general, these are not acceptable as gifts:
 Gifts to which the donor has attached conditions or restrictions, such as housing,
classification, and use of the gifts,
 Materials which duplicate existing holdings,
 Photocopied materials or copies of original audio/video productions,
6
Korean Librarian, Asian Library, University of British Columbia
7
Korean Studies Librarian, Asia Library, University of Michigan

 Damaged and/or brittle materials,
 Materials that may be affected by mildew or mold,
 Periodicals, unless the full range of issues from the first to recent issues are
included, and unless continuing issues can be acquired.
One should have the designated library personnel send an acknowledgment letter to the
donor. The letter should note the number of volumes accepted, but it should not list the
individual titles or the value of the donation.
A record of correspondence relating to gifts needs to be maintained, along with such

information as the names of donors, the dates material is received, the number of items,
and a brief description of each donation.
Generally speaking, donations are more suitable to a smaller library that has sufficient
space to house gift materials. To help those who are interested in the acquisition of gift
materials, the flowchart below may be a useful model.
This chapter contains a list of institutions in Korea that have been providing scholarly
publications to academic libraries in North America via gift and exchange programs. It is
highly advised to contact each institution to verify a scope of the program and available
materials. The format of the publication is important as a majority of journals have been
published electronically. One should check whether a gift/exchange journal comes only in
print, or if it is also available in electronic format. If it is an e-journal, one should find
out whether it is an open access journal, or if it is available from a subscription based e-
journal database.
Chapter 2 75
2.6.2 List of Possible Donors and partners
Name of Institution Homepage Publication list / Program Information

in English in Korean 1 2 3
대동 문화 연구 (Taedong 유교 문화 연구 (Yugyo SungKyun Journal of East
Academy of East Asian 성균관대학교
http://aeas.skku.edu/ munhwa yŏn'gu; ISSN 1225- munhwa yŏn'gu; ISSN 1598- Asian Studies (ISSN 1598-
Studies 동아시아학술원
3820) 1754) 2661)
정신 문화 연구 (Chŏngsin
Academy of Korean http://intl.aks.ac.kr/english/ 장서각 (Changsŏgak; ISSN The review of Korean
한국학중앙연구원 munhwa yŏn'gu; ISSN 1225-
Studies portal.php 1229-7755) studies (ISSN 1229-0076)
4576)
Advancement Center for 국학 연구 (Kukhak yŏn'gu; ISSN 안동학 연구 (Andonghak
한국국학진흥원 http://www.koreastudy.or.kr/
Korean Studies 1598-8082) yŏn'gu; ISSN 1598-5369)
고려대학교 http://www.asiaticresearch. 아세아 연구 (Asea yŏn'gu; ISSN
Asiatic Research Institute
아세아문제연구소 org/ 1226-4385)
고려대학교 한국학 연구 (Han'gukhak
Center for Korean Studies http://korstudy.org/
한국학연구소 yŏn'gu; ISSN 1225-195X)
Ewha Womans University
이화여자대학교도서관 http://lib.ewha.ac.kr/ The Department of Information Processing is in charge of Gift/Exchange program.
Library
Ewha Institute of 통일학 연구원, Journal of peace and unification

http://tongil.ewha.ac.kr/
Unification Studies 이화여자대학교 (ISSN 2233-9671)
Hanyang Economic Journal of economic research

한양대학교 경제연구소 http://heri21.hanyang.ac.kr/
Research Institute (ISSN 1226-4261)
한국 과 국제 정치 (Han'guk kwa 현대 북한 연구 (Hyŏndae
Institute for Far Eastern 경남대학교 http://ifes.kyungnam.ac.kr/ Asian perspective (ISSN
kukche chŏngch'i; ISSN 1225- Pukhan yŏn'gu = North
Studies 극동문제연구소 kor/ifes_main.aspx 0258-9184)
3006) Korean studies review)
Chapter 2 77
Institute for Korean 국학연구원, 동방 학지 (Tongbang

http://kukhak.yonsei.ac.kr 국학 총서 (Kukhak ch'ongsŏ)
Studies, Yonsei University 연세대학교 hakchi; ISSN 1226-6728)
Institute for Military History
군사편찬연구소,
Compilation, Ministry of http://www.imhc.mil.kr 군사 (Kunsa; ISSN 1598-317X) E-books can be downloaded.
대한민국 국방부
National Defense, Korea
Institute for National http://www.inss.re.kr/app/ 국제 문제 연구 (Kukche munje 정책 연구 (chŏngch'aek The Journal of East Asian
국가안보전략연구소
Security Strategy main/kr.act yŏn'gu; ISSN 1598-7531) yŏn'gu) Affairs (ISSN 1010-1608)
통일 문제 연구 = The Korean Many books on the

통일 한국 = The Unified
Journal of Unification Affairs
Institute for Peace Affairs 평화문제연구소 http://www.ipa.re.kr/ Korea (T'ongil Han'guk; ISSN unification have been
(T'ongil munje yŏn'gu; ISSN
1225-1194) published.
1225-7478)
한국 종교 연구 (Han'guk The Institute has been
Institute for the Study of 종교연구소, http://isr.sogang.ac.kr/index Journal of Korean Religions
chonggyo yŏn'gu; ISSN 1229- published Religious Studies
Religion, Sogan University 서강대학교 2.asp (ISSN 2093-7288)
3407) Series.
The Institute has been
Institute for the Translation http://www.itkc.or.kr/itkc/Ind 고전 사계 (Kojŏn sagye; ISSN 민족 문화 (Minjok munhwa;
한국고전번역원 published a number of
of Korean Classics ex.jsp 2233-8624) ISSN 1738-4648)
translated Korean classics.
동 아시아 비평 = East Asia
Institute of Asia Culture 아시아문화연구소, http://web.hallym.ac.kr/~asia 아시아 문화 (Asia munhwa;
Review (Tong Asia pip'yŏng;
Studies, Hallym University 한림대학교 / ISSN 1225-2034)
ISSN 1229-0327)
Institute of the Humanities, 인문학연구원, 인문 과학 (Inmun kwahak; ISSN The Institute has 4 monographic series on culture and
http://inmun.yonsei.ac.kr/
Yonsei University 연세대학교 1229-6201) literature.
대한불교조계종 사회 불교사회복지편람
Jogye Order of Korean http://www.koreanbuddhism. 불교사회복지연구(Pulgyo
복지 재단, (Pulgyo sahoe pokchi
Buddhism net/ sahoe pokchi yŏn'gu)
사회복지법인 p'yŏllam)

Kim Daejung Presedential
김대중 도서관, The Institution has been publishing a monographic series of "Kim Dae-jung Presidential Library
Library & Museum, Yonsei http://www.kdjlibrary.org/
연세대학교 and Museum".
University
King Sejong Memorial
세종대왕기념사업회 http://www.sejongkorea.org/ The Society has a number of publications on Korean history, culture, and translated classics.
Society
KDI 북한 경제 리뷰 = KDI
KDI 경제 동향 = Monthly
Korea Development review of the North Korean Economic bulletin (ISSN
KDI 한국개발연구원 http://www.kdi.re.kr/ economic trends (KDI Kyŏngje
Institute (KDI) economy (KDI Pukhan 2287-7266)
tonghyang)
kyŏngje ribyu)
The foundation supports in-depth research on Korea and enhances understanding of Korea by
providing various Korea-related publications and audiovisual materials to overseas universities,
www.kf.or.kr
libraries, and research institutes. The foundation also provides access to electronic data for
students and faculty involved with Korean studies at institutions abroad.
Distribution of Resources for Korean Studies:
http://en.kf.or.kr/?menuno=
Distribution of various publications in Korean and foreign languages and multimedia materials to
602
universities, public libraries, research institutes and cultural and arts facilities overseas.
Support for Korean Studies e-Resources:
한국 국제 http://en.kf.or.kr/?menuno=
Korea Foundation (KF) Providing support to selected universities to assist with the payment of the subscription/user fees
교류 재단 603
required to access online Korean Studies resources.
Korean Collections Consortium of North America (KCCNA):
http://en.kf.or.kr/?menuno= Offering 1:1 matching-funds support to consortium member universities so that each member
604 library can continue to systematically build up its collection of research materials in the
designated subject areas of the Korean Studies discipline.
KF-KOSSDA Social Science Data Service:
http://en.kf.or.kr/?menuno=
Offering free access to the Korean Social Sciences Data Archive (KOSSDA) online social
605
sciences database for Korea-related students and research specialists.
Chapter 2 79
Korea Institute for
Journal of East Asian economic Monographic series, such as Policy analyses, Policy
International Economic 대외경제정책연구원 http://www.kiep.go.kr
integration (ISSN 2234-8867) references, and KIEP opinions, are also available in pdf.
Policy
통일 정책 연구 (T'ongil International Journal of
Korea Institute for National https://www.kinu.or.kr/site/ 월간북한동향 (Wŏlgan Pukhan
통일연구원 chŏngch'aek yŏn'gu; ISSN Korea Unification Studies
Unification etc_05_01.jsp tonghyang)
1229-6112) (ISSN 1229-6902)
국제 노동 브리프 = International 노동 정책 연구 (Nodong 월간 노동 리뷰 = Monthly

http://www.kli.re.kr/kli_home/ labor review (Wŏlgan
Korea Labor Institute (KLI) KLI 한국 노동 연구원 labor brief (Kukche nodong chŏngch'aek yŏn'gu; ISSN
main/main.jsp nodong ribyu; ISSN 1738-
bŭripʻŭ; ISSN 1599-8355) 1598-270X)
5121)
Korean Cultural Research 한국문화연구 (Han'guk The Institute has been publishing monographic series,
한국문화 연구원,
Institute, Ewha W. http://kcri.ewha.ac.kr/ munhwa yŏn'gu; ISSN 1598- including Ihwa yŏn'gu ch'ongsŏ and Ihwa Han'guk munhwa
이화여자대학교
University 4176) yŏn'gu ch'ongsŏ.
교육 정책 포럼 (Kyoyuk
Korean Educational 교육개발 (Kyoyuk kaebal; ISSN KEDI journal of educational
한국 교육 개발원 https://www.kedi.re.kr chŏngch'aek p'orŏm; ISSN
Development Institute 1228-291X) policy (ISSN 1739-4341)
1739-4325)
Korean Film Archive KOFA has been distributing Korean classic movies, independent movies, film education DVDs,
한국영상자료원 http://www.koreafilm.or.kr/
(KOFA) and Korean film history related materials to overseas' libraries.
Korean Film Council http://www.kofic.or.kr/kofic/ 한국 영화 (Han'guk yŏnghwa; 한국 영화 연감 (Han'guk Korean cinema today (ISSN
영화진흥위원회
(KOFIC) business/main/main.do ISSN 2093-2391) yŏnghwa yŏn'gam) 2092-5158)
도서관 문화 = KLA bulletin 한국도서관연감 (Han'guk
Korean Library Association 한국도서관협회 http://www.kla.kr/jsp/main.do (Tosŏgwan munhwa; ISSN tosŏgwan yŏn'gam; ISSN
1225-5521) 2005-484X)
Korean National Korean social science journal
유네스코 한국 위원회 http://eng.unesco.or.kr/wp/ Korea journal (ISSN 0023-3900)
Commission for UNESCO (ISSN 1225-0368)

출판 문화 = Korea Publishers 한국 출판 연감 (Han'guk
Korean Publishers 출판 저널 (Ch'ulp'an chŏnŏl;
대한출판문화협회 http://www.kpa21.or.kr/ Association journal (Ch'ulp'an ch'ulp'an yŏn'gam; ISSN
Association ISSN 1227-1802)
munhwa; ISSN 1227-1985) 1227-1977)
GSPR (Gender studies and
Korean Women’s 젠더 리뷰 (Chendŏ ribyu;
한국여성정책연구원 http://eng.kwdi.re.kr/index.do 여성 연구 (Yŏsŏng yŏn'gu) policy review; ISSN 2005-
Development Institute ISSN 1599-8266)
5919)
Korean Women's Institute, 한국 여성 연구원, 여성학 논집 (Yŏsŏnghak nonjip;

http://kwi.ewha.ac.kr/ The Institute has been publishing a number of monographs.
Ewha W. University 이화여자대학교 ISSN 1598-7698)
Kyujanggak Institute for
규장각 한국학연구원, 규장각 (Kyujanggak; ISSN 한국문화 (Han'guk- Seoul Journal of Korean
Korean Studies, Seoul http://kyujanggak.snu.ac.kr/
서울대학교 1975-6283) munhwa; ISSN 1226-8356) Studies (ISSN 1225-0201)
National University
Literature Translation List: books from Korea (ISSN LTI has been distributing translated Korean literature works
한국문학번역원 http://www.klti.or.kr/main.do
Institute of Korea (LTI) 2005-2790) to overseas' libraries.
Ministry of Culture, Sports http://www.mcst.go.kr/main. 음악 산업 백서 = Music (Ŭmak
문화체육관광부
and Tourism jsp sanŏp paeksŏ)
월간 북한 동향 (Wŏlgan 통일 문제 이해 (T'ongil
http://www.unikorea.go.kr/ 북한 이해 (Pukhan ihae; ISSN
Ministry of Unification 통일부 Pukhan tonghyang; no munje ihae; ISSN 1229-
index.do 1229-7259)
ISSN) 7267)
Nammyung Studies
남명학 연구소, 남명학 연구소 보
Research Institute, http://nammyung.web-bi.net/
경상대학교 (Nammyŏnghak yŏn'guso po)
Kyongsang University
국회 도서관 연간 보고서 국회 도서관 보 (Kukhoe
National Assembly Library 국회도서관 http://www.nanet.go.kr/ (Kukhoe Tosŏgwan yŏn'gan Tosŏgwan po; ISSN 0027-
pogosŏ) 8572)
Chapter 2 81
국제 저널 무형 유산 (Kukche International journal of
National Folk Museum of http://www.nfm.go.kr/langu 민속학 연구 (Minsokhak
국립민속박물관 chŏnŏl muhyŏng yusan; ISSN intangible heritage (ISSN
Korea age/english/main.jsp yŏn'gu; ISSN 1229-8662)
2092-9560) 1975-3586)
한국사 연구 휘보
National Institute of Korean
국사 편찬 위원회 http://www.history.go.kr/ 역사의 창 (Yŏksa ŭi ch'ang) (Han'guksa yŏn'gu hwibo;
History
ISSN 0257-9383)
해외 한국학 도서관 동향
국립 중앙 도서관 연보 = Annual 보고서 = Trends in
report of the Central National 도서관 = Bulletin of Central overseas Korean studies
Library (Kungnip Chungang National Library (Tosŏgwan; libraries (Haeoe
Tosŏgwan yŏnbo; ISSN 1598- ISSN 1011-2073) Han'gukhak tosŏgwan
National Library of Korea 국립중앙도서관 http://www.nl.go.kr/
2270) tonghyang pogosŏ; ISSN
2092-6073)
The International Cooperation & Public Relations Team (국제교류홍보팀) under the Planning
& Training Department (기획연수부) is in charge of the gifts and exchange of library materials.
한국 고고학 저널 = Journal
National Research Institute 보존 과학 연구 (Pojon kwahak Journal of Korean
국립문화재연구소 http://www.nrich.go.kr/ of Korean archaeology
of Cultural Heritage yŏn'gu; ISSN 1976-3077) Archaeology
(Han'guk kogohak chŏnŏl)
동북아 역사 논총 (Tongbuga The Journal of Territorial

Northeast Asian History http://www.historyfoundation Journal of Northeast Asian
동북아역사재단 yŏksa nonch'ong; ISSN 1975- and Maritime Studies (ISSN
Foundation .or.kr/ History (ISSN 1976-3735)
7840) 2288-6834)
Overseas Koreans 재외 동포 문학 의 창 (Chaeoe

재외 동포 재단 http://www.okf.or.kf
Foundation tongp'o munhak ŭi chʻang)

PEN International - Korea

국제 펜 한국 본부 http://www.penkorea.or.kr/ 펜 뉴스 (P'en nyusŭ) 펜문학 (P'en munhak)
PEN
Seoul National University Contact the Gift & Exchange (기증교환실), which is administrated by the Division of Technical
서울대학교중앙도서관 http://library.snu.ac.kr
Library Services (수서정리과), for detailed information on currently available services.
TRaNS: Trans -Regional and
Sogang Institute for East http://www.eastasia.kr/easta 동아 연구 = East Asian Studies -National Studies of
서강대학교 동아연구소
Asian Studies sian_en_index.aspx (Tonga yŏn'gu; ISSN 1225-3308) Southeast Asia (ISSN 2051-
3658)
Sogang University Institute http://hompi.sogang.ac.kr/sj 서강 경영 논총 (Sŏgang
서강대학교 경영연구소
for Business Research mbr/ kyŏngyŏng nonch'ong)
계간 경제 분석 = Quarterly
조사 통계 월보 (Chosa
economic analysis (Kyegan Annual report (ISSN: 0067-
The Bank of Korea 한국은행 http://www.bok.or.kr t'onggye wŏlbo. ISSN: 1975-
kyŏngje punsŏk. ISSN: 1226- 3706)
4906)
7570)
Toegye Studies Research 퇴계학 자료 총서
퇴계학 연구소,
Institute, Andong 011-82-54-820-5267 퇴계학(T'oegyehak) (T'oegyehak charyo
안동대학교
University ch'ongsŏ)
http://www.yonhapnews.co. 고향의 향기 (Kohyang ŭi 연합 연감 (Yŏnhap Vantage Point (ISSN:
Yonhap News Agency 연합뉴스
kr/#v1 hyanggi. ISSN: 2093-2642) yŏn'gam) 1228-517X)
Chapter 2 83
Chapter 3
Cataloging
3.1. Introduction
By Erica Chang1
The new cataloging code, Resource Description and Access (RDA), was implemented
officially on March 31, 2013 by the Library of Congress. Many research libraries in
North America have implemented or are in the process of implementing it. RDA is based
on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographical Records (FRBR) developed by the
International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA). It emphasizes four user tasks:
find, identify, select, obtain. RDA is not confined to a particular encoding schema for
cataloging. Since MARC is the most commonly used encoding schema, the cataloging
chapters are written following RDA and MARC format.
Earlier editions of the Handbook were published by the Committee on Korean Materials
in 2002 and 2008 (http://www.eastasianlib.org/ckm/koreanlibrarianship.html). While those
editions were based on AACR2, they remain good sources of basic information for
cataloging Korean language materials. The earlier editions covered two kinds of materials:
monographs and serials; the current edition has been expanded to accommodate more
diversified content types: textual monographs, textual serials, scores, sound recordings,
video recordings, cartographic materials, and electronic resources. Many RDA training
materials are available on the web, provided by the Library of Congress and the Program
for Cooperative Cataloging. Therefore, the focus of this handbook is to illustrate how to
catalog according to RDA using Korean examples. The section on textual monographs
1
Cataloging Librarian, University of Hawaii
Chapter 3 85
includes instructions for creating authorized access points and relationship designators.
The other sections present typical examples of each format and explain unique and
important points in cataloging the format. For example, globes are not touched upon in
the section on cartographic resources because they are encountered relatively infrequently.
Each section includes important reference tools for the format, format-specific
instructions, RDA core elements and tags, most frequently used content, media, carrier
types (33x fields), most frequently used relationship designators, and examples of typical
bibliographic data for the material type. It is recommended that this edition be used with
the two earlier editions but bear in mind that some of the cataloging rules and
romanization rules have changed since 2008. This manual is a starting point for
cataloging in RDA. Catalogers are encouraged to consult the RDA Toolkit and online
training materials. RDA instructions are regularly updated. The online version of this
manual will be updated as the need arises. One way to keep abreast of changes is to
monitor the RDA list. Subscribe by sending [email protected].
Important RDA instructions that are applicable to every format are listed in the following
subsection to avoid redundancy.
3.1.1 Notes
Parallel fields are not always provided due to space limitations.

# indicates a blank in the position of indicators.
$ indicates subfield delimiter.
Examples do not show every field in a record.
$a is not indicated if it is the first subfield in a field.
3.1.2 Important Changes with RDA for All Formats
Capitalization
Follow local guidelines if available, or follow Appendix. A (similar to AACR2 (using

upper and lower case appropriately), or record as it appears on the resource
Journal of Korean archeology or JOURNAL OF KOREAN ARCHEOLOGY

Abbreviations
Many abbreviations have been eliminated in RDA. Use spelled-out forms, except terms
indicated in App. B.5 and B.7.
p. => pages
col. ill. => color illustrations
sn. => silent
t.p. => title page
no. => number
pt. => part
Exceptions: dimensions and durations - hour, minute, inch -> hr., min., in.
There are additional exceptions in music.
Latin abbreviations
Do not use.
et al. => [and … others]
S.l. => [Place of publication not identified]
s.n. => [publisher not identified]
Coding RDA
fixed field (Leader/18), Desc: i

Put ‘$e rda’ in 040 between $b eng (language of cataloging) and $c (inputting library's
OCLC symbol).
040 $a HUH $b eng $e rda $c HUH
Parallel title (245 = $b) 2.3.3
A parallel title can come from anywhere within the resource. It does not have to be from
the same source as title proper.
If the parallel title ‘Flower of salt’ appears on page 4 of cover
245 00 Sogŭm ŭi kkot = $b Flower of salt

246 31 Flower of salt
Chapter 3 87
Statement of responsibility (245 $c) 2.4.2.2
If a statement of responsibility appears anywhere within the resource, brackets are not
used. If supplied from outside, bracket it.
Place of publication (264 #1 $a) 2.8.2
Supply information if known or if it can be determined, rather than using [Place of

publication not identified]
Include both local and larger jurisdiction if present.
264 #1 Kyŏnggi-do P'aju-si
Supply larger jurisdiction as an option if considered helpful.
264 #1 Ch'ŏngsong-gun [Kyŏngsang-bukto].
If a place name is given in Korean and English, use the Korean form if title proper is in
Korean.
Publisher (264 #1 $b) 2.8.4.6, 2.8.4.7
If a publisher name is in Korean and English, take Korean name if the title proper is in
Korean. If the publisher of a resource is unknown, supply [publisher not identified].
264 #1 $b [publisher not identified]
Date of publication (264 #1 $c) 2.8.6
Record date as it appears.
264 #1 $c 2013.
If only a copyright date is available on a resource, infer the publication date from the
copyright date and enclose in brackets rather than using [date of publication not
identified].

264 #1 $c [2013]
Infer a publication date from foreword, preface, etc. in a resource.
Supply a date in brackets rather than using [date of publication not identified] if the date
is known, but does not appear in the resource. Use a question mark if not certain.
264 #1 $c [2013?]
If the date is a non-Gregorian or non-Julian calendar date, convert it to the Gregorian or

Julian calendar and provide it in brackets following the date on the resource.
264 #1 $c Tan'gi 4346 [1998]
The copyright date can be recorded separately in addition to the publication date. Use the
symbol ©. (264 #4 $c ©2013, $c only without ending period). See Sound recording
section for phonogram date ℗.
Extent (300 $a)
Use vocabulary from RDA Table 6.1 for carrier types (e.g., volume, audio disc, videodisc,
videocassette, sheet, online resource, object, microfiche, microfilm reel, etc.) or record
commonly used terms (e.g., CD, DVD, CD ROMs).
No rule of three
RDA does not limit to three the number of entities to transcribe in 245 $c or the number
of added access points. See Textual printed monographs section 3.3.9.
Content, Media, Carrier type (336, 337, 338)
Do not use GMD; instead, use 33X fields. Use terms from controlled vocabulary list
(Table 6.1 for 336, Table 3.1 for 337, 3.3.1.3 for 338). If a resource consists of more than
one component, indicate each component separately by repeating each field and adding
$3 with an appropriate term. See Textual printed monographs section 3.3.10.
Chapter 3 89
Series (490 1# and 8xx)
If there is more than one series, record each separately. If a series statement appears in
two languages, record the language of title proper as an authorized form in 8xx. Provide
$x (ISSN) in 8xx if available.
490 1# Munhak ŭi t'amgu = $a Research on literature, $x 0955-0569 ; $v 1

830 #0 Munhak ŭi t'amgu ; $v 1. $x 0955-0569. [made-up title]
Compilations (two or more works with or without collective title)
Do not enter under the first work. Provide a 7XX for each work or the primary work.
See Textual printed monographs section 3.3.7 and 3.3.8.
Relationship designators and linking entries
Relationships between creators/contributors and resources are recorded in 100, 110, 700,
and 710 in $e and in 111 and 711 in $j. Relationships between resources are indicated
using 76X-78X with $i. The citation is taken from descriptive data in the related resource.
Subfields are removed within an element. See Textual printed monographs section 3.3.11.
Relationships between persons, families, corporate bodies are indicated in authority
records. PCC recommends that relationship designators be provided wherever possible.
Use appropriate terms from Appendix I, J, and K, respectively, for the cases listed above.
Reciprocal relationships can be made (online vs print version (776), Korean vs English
edition (775), microform vs print (776), etc.
For earlier vs later title (780, 785), main vs supplementary (770, 772), there is no need to
use $i. Instead, use appropriate indicators.

3.2. Romanization
By Erica Chang2
There are several romanization systems used to transliterate the Korean language. The
Revised Romanization of Korean has been used in South Korea since 2000. The most
widely used romanization system outside of Korea is the McCune-Reischauer System. It
was developed in 1937 by George M. McCune and Edwin O. Reischauer. The American
Library Association and the Library of Congress follow the McCune-Reischauer System
with some modifications (ALA-LC Romanization system for Korean language; hereafter,
the MR System). The MR System is used for searching, indexing, and sorting of the
bibliographic and authority records in library catalogs and in citations of bibliographies.
The MR system has been revised several times. The current version was issued in 2009.
It is a 65-page document and available at
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/korean.pdf.
The MR System is a phonetic transcription system, that is, the romanization is based on
pronunciation. The System contains rules for romanization, word division, capitalization,
and punctuation. A table indicates how to transcribe each consonant and vowel when it is
positioned in the initial, medial and final word positions and provides examples. Hyphens
are used for personal names, jurisdictional names, numerals, etc. The first letter of last
names, forenames, corporate names, and titles of publications are capitalized.
When romanizing Korean words, word division should be done first because spelling and
capitalization can vary depending on word division (ex. Nambuk vs. Nam-Puk). The
basic rule of word-division is to separate each part of speech: noun, pronoun, adjective,
adnominal adjective, adverb, verb, particle, numeral, exclamation, etc. Compound nouns
should be separated into binary elements when it does not alter the original meaning.
After deciding on word division, the romanization table at the end of MR System should
be consulted. The table contains basic rules for romanizing Korean words. It is necessary
to consult the main part of the MR System for detailed explanations and exceptions.
2
Chapter 3 91
The authorized dictionary for contemporary pronunciation is P'yojun Kugŏ Taesajŏn
(표준 국어 대사전) by Kungnip Kugŏ Yŏn'guwŏn (국립 국어 연구원) available at
http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/main.jsp. When romanization rules and pronunciations differ,
pronunciation takes precedence. As an example, 평가 would be romanized as “p'yŏngga”
according to the basic table. But the P'yojun Kugŏ Taesajŏn indicates its pronunciation as
“ 평까”, therefore, the exception rule dictates the romanization of 평가 as “p'yŏngka.”
Word division is sometimes difficult due to the complexity of the rules. Compound nouns
are especially tricky. For example, Han’gugin (한국인) and changmikkot (장미꽃) are
romanized as a single word as they are shown in the examples of the rule. However,
Han’guk sae (한국 새), and Han’guk kkot (한국 꽃) are normally romanized separately
according to the Library of Congress. For these reasons, the 65-page MR System needs to
be consulted when romanizing Korean words.
There are a few automatic transliterating tools for the Korean language, but their output
requires manual review. A handy tool is Joel Hahn’s Korean2Latin macro, available at
http://www.hahnlibrary.net/libraries/oml/connex.html. It works on OCLC’s Connexion
client. The macro provides a paired romanized field following non-Latin field information.
It accommodates the basic table correctly, however, manual review is needed as the
macro cannot handle the exceptional rules of the MR System.
With the 2009 revision of the MR System, the Library of Congress issued an Excel file
that lists frequently used words according to the revised rules. It is available at
http://goo.gl/h0zO1P as part of KoCa.pbworks.com.
The rules do not cover every case that occurs in publications. KoCa, the Korean
Cataloging Wiki, contains many useful links to facilitate cataloging of Korean language
materials. It contains a Romanization and Word division section. A subsection provides
romanizations for debatable words. Users can send questions on the site (membership
required). A Romanization Review Committee, formed under the auspices of the
Committee on Korean Materials, Council on East Asian Libraries, discusses debatable
words and reaches a consensus. Those words are listed on the ‘finalized words list’ on
KoCa along with brief explanations.
Consistent romanization in the library community is important for record retrieval in the
cooperative environment. The goal of the romanization section of the KoCa wiki is to
create an extensive list of ambiguous and debatable words to facilitate cataloging of
Korean language materials.

3.3. Textual Printed Monographs
By Jee-Young Park3
3.3.1 PCC Core Elements in RDA
Title (245), Analytic titles and titles of individual contents (505, 7XX), Parallel title
proper (245), Other title (245), Variant title (246), Fist statement of responsibility (245
$c), Edition (250), First place of publication, First publisher’s name, Date of publication,
Series statement and numbering, Extent (300), 33X
3.3.2 Translations of Work by Single Author (Translation Only)
041, 100, 240 $l, 245, 700 $e translator, 700 1# $i Translation of:
041 1# kor $h ita

100 1# Stilton, Geronimo, $e author.
240 10 Quinto viaggio nel regno della fantasia. $l Korean
245 10 판타지 세계 대지진 과 사라진 요정 공주 / $c 글 제로니모 스틸턴 ; 옮긴이 성 초림.
245 10 P'ant'aji segye taejijin kwa sarajin yojŏng kongju / $c kŭl Cheronimo Sŭt'ilt'ŏn ;
omgini Sŏng Ch'o-rim.
700 1#성 초림, $e translator.
700 1# Sŏng, Ch'o-rim, $e translator.
700 1# $i Translation of: $a Stilton, Geronimo. $t Quinto viaggio nel regno della fantasia.
3.3.3 Translations of Work by Single Author (Translations + Original)
041, 100, no 240, 245, 546, 700 12 $a $t (without $l for original), 700 12 $a $t (with $l
for translated language)
041 1# chi $a kor $h chi
3
Korean Studies Librarian, University of Chicago
Chapter 3 93
100 1# 颜之之, $d 531-591, $e author.
100 1# Yan, Zhitui, $d 531-591, $e author.
245 10 안 씨 가훈 / $c 안 지추 저 ; 차 복순 한역.
245 10 An Ssi kahun / $c An Chi-ch'u chŏ ; Ch'a Pok-sun hanyŏk.
546 ## In Korean, with original text in Chinese.
700 1# 차 복순, $e translator.
700 1# Ch'a, Pok-sun, $e translator.
700 12 $i Container of (expression): $a 颜之之, $d 531-591. $t 顔顔顔顔.
700 12 $i Container of (expression): $a Yan, Zhitui, $d 531-591. $t Yan shi jia xun.
700 12 $i Container of (expression): $a 颜之之, $d 531-591. $t 顔顔顔顔. $l Korean.
700 12 $i Container of (expression): $a Yan, Zhitui, $d 531-591. $t Yan shi jia xun. $l Korean.
3.3.4 Simultaneous Publications in Different Languages
Provide 130 or 1XX/240 as a preferred title based on the original language. If original
language cannot be determined, use the title of the first received resource. No specific
relationship designator is available; therefore do not give linking entries. No 041. Give
same base call number and add 13 for English, 163 for Japanese.
(Korean edition-original language)

245 00 독도 는 한국 땅 이다.
245 00 Tokto nŭn Han’guk ttang ida.
(English edition)
130 0# 독도 는 한국 땅 이다. $l English
130 0# Tokto nŭn Han’guk ttang ida. $l English
245 10 Dokdo is Korean territory.
(Japanese edition)
130 0# 독도 는 한국 땅 이다. $l Japanese
130 0# Tokto nŭn Han’guk ttang ida. $l Japanese
245 10 Tokudo wa Kankoku no ryōdo de aru.

3.3.5 Revised Editions
a) Same title— if a creator and the title remains the same, indicate the new edition in 250
(Original work)
100 1# 김 훈, $d 1948- $e author.
100 1# Kim, Hun, $d 1948- $e author.
24510 칼 의 노래 / $c 김 훈.
24510 K'al ŭi norae / $c Kim Hun.
250 ## 초판.
250 ## Ch'op'an.
264 #1 서울 : $b 생각 의 나무, $c 2001.
264 #1 Sŏul : $b Saenggak ŭi Namu, $c 2001.
300 ## 389 pages : $b illustrations (some color), maps ; $c 23 cm
(Revised edition)
100 1# 김 훈, $d 1948- $e author.
100 1# Kim, Hun, $d 1948- $e author.
245 10 칼 의 노래 / $c 김 훈.
245 10 K'al ŭi norae / $c Kim Hun.
250 ## 개정판.
250 ## Kaejŏngp'an.
264 #1 서울 : $b 생각 의 나무, $c 2008.
264 #1 Sŏul : $b Saenggak ŭi Namu, $c 2008.
300 ## 449 pages, 11 unnumbered pages : $b illustrations (chiefly color), maps ; $c 20 cm
b) Different title whether the content is revised or not— if creator is the same (and the
work covers the same scope, contents), the preferred title is based on the original title
because it is a new expression of the same work.
100, 240 (title of original work), 245, 250. Optionally provide 500 (Revision of the
author’s ---) and/or 775 08 $i Revision of: $a $t $d $z $w.
(Original work)
100 1#임 용한, $e author.
Chapter 3 95
100 1# Im, Yong-han, $e author.
245 10 난세 에 길 을 찾다 / $c 임 용한 지음.
245 10 Nanse e kil ŭl ch'atta / $c Im Yong-han chiŭm.
250 ## 초판.
250 ## Ch'op'an.
264 #1 서울 특별시 : $b 시공사, $c 2009.
264 #1 Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlsi : $b Sigongsa, $c 2009.
(Revised edition)
100 1# 임 용한, $e author.
100 1# Im, Yong-han, $e author.
240 10 난세 에 길 을 찾다
240 10 Nanse e kil ŭl ch'atta
245 10 시대 의 개혁가들: $b 역사 의 변화 를 선택 한 사람들 / $c 임 용한 지음.
245 10 Sidae ŭi kaehyŏkkadŭl : $b yŏksa ŭi pyŏnhwa rŭl sŏnt'aek han saramdŭl / $c Im
Yong-han chiŭm.
250 ## 2 판.
250 ## 2-p'an.
775 08 $i Revision of: $a 임 용한 $t 난세 에 길 을 찾다. $b 초판 $d 서울 특별시 :
시공사, 2009 $z 9788952755001 $w (DLC) 2010384975 $w (OCoLC)610210912

775 08 $i Revision of: $a Im, Yong-han. $t Nanse e kil ŭl ch'atta $b Ch'op'an. $d Sŏul
T'ŭkpyŏlsi : Sigongsa, 2009 $z 9788952755001 $w (DLC) 2010384975 $w (OCoLC)
610210912
3.3.6 Errors in Title Proper
Do not correct in 245, put correct one in 246 $i Corrected title: $a
245 10 $a 노인 복지 프로스램 개발 의 실제 / $c 권 중돈.

245 10 $a Noin pokchi p'ŭrosŭraem kaebal ŭi silche / $c Kwŏn Chung-don.
246 #1 $i Corrected title: $a 노인 복지 프로그램 개발 의 실제
246 #1 $i Corrected title: $a Noin pokchi p'ŭrogŭraem kaebal ŭi silche

3.3.7 Compilations by a Single Author
For compilations where the preferred title is a collective title beginning with “Works” or
“Works. Selections”, no date is required unless needed to break conflict.
Is it known by a title? RDA agrees, but LC usually does not. To follow LC practice, enter
under creator (1XX) + conventional collective title (240) (as a preferred title) $a Works.
or $a Works. $k Selections. $a Plays. $k Selections). It does not matter whether the title
is distinctive. Do not use 240 for the first work. No date is provided unless it is needed
to break a conflict.
If a collective title is available on the title page, provide 505 and 700 12 (first one
required). If there is no collective title, 505 is not necessary. Just provide 700 12 (first
one required). Separate different works by a semicolon in 245.
RDA core element for a compilation: give the predominant or first named work; giving
access points for other works is optional.
(Collective title)
100 1# 김 사량, $d 1914-1950, $ author.
100 1# Kim, Sa-ryang, $d 1914-1950, $ author.
240 10 Novels. $k Selections
245 10 김 사량 작품집 / $c 김 사량 지음 ; 임 헌영 엮음.
245 10 Kim Sa-ryang chakp'umjip / $c Kim Sa-ryang chiŭm ; Im Hŏn-yŏng yŏkkŭm.
505 0# 빛 속 에 -- 칠현금.
505 0# Pit sok e – Ch'irhyŏn'gŭm.
700 1# 임 헌영, $e editor.
700 1# Im Hŏn-yŏng, $e editor.
700 12 $i Container of (work): $a 김 사량, $d 1914-1950. $t 빛 속 에.
700 12 $i Container of (work): $a Kim, Sa-ryang, $d 1914-1950. $t Pit sok e.
700 12 $i Container of (work): $a 김 사량, $d 1914-1950. $t 칠현금. *
700 12 $i Container of (work): $a Kim, Sa-ryang, $d 1914-1950. $t Ch'irhyŏn'gŭm. *
* 2nd added entry is optional.
(No collective title)
100 1# 심 연옥, $e author.
100 1# Sim, Yŏn-ok, $e author.
240 10 Works. $k Selections
245 10 한산 세모시 짜기 ; 청양 춘포 짜기 / $c 글 심 연옥 ; 사진 서 헌강.
Chapter 3 97
245 10 Hansan semosi tchagi ; Ch'ŏngyang ch'unp'o tchagi / $c kŭl Sim Yŏn-ok ; sajin
Sŏ Hŏn-gang.
700 1#서 헌강, $e illustrator.
700 1# Sŏ, Hŏn-gang, $e illustrator.
700 12 $i Container of (work): $a 심 연옥.$t 한산 세모시 짜기.
700 12 $i Container of (work): $a Sim, Yŏn-ok. $t Hansan semosi tchagi.
700 12 $i Container of (work): $a 심 연옥.$t 청양 춘포 짜기. *
700 12 $i Container of (work): $a Sim, Yŏn-ok. $t Ch'ŏngyang ch'unp'o tchagi.
*adding the 2nd added entry depends on the cataloger’s judgment.
3.3.8 Compilations by Multiple Authors
Do not make an authorized access point based on the first work.

Enter under the title proper of the first work in 245. Generally do not use a conventional
collective title (130) unless the preferred title conflicts with another work. An access
point for 1st or significant work is required in 700 12. Other added access points are
optional.
If there is a collective title, provide 505 for individual entries and 700 12. If there is no
collective title, 505 is not necessary; provide 700 12 (analytical name/title access point)
for the 1st or important work.
(Collective title)
245 00 중국 교포 작가 우수 중편 모음 / $c 리 원길 外 ; 중국 작가 협회 연변 분회 편.
245 00 Chungguk kyop'o chakka usu chungp'yŏn moŭm / $c Yi Wŏn-gil oe ; Chungguk
Chakka Hyŏphoe Yŏnbyŏn Punhoe p'yŏn.
505 0# 이향 / 리 원길 -- 해당화 야 해당화 / 김 재국 -- 도시 의 곤혹 / 최 홍일 -- 흘러
가는 마을 / 고 신일 -- 동네 사람들 / 리 혜선 -- <볼쉐위크> 의 이미지 / 정 세봉.
505 0# Ihyang / Yi Wŏn-gil -- Haedanghwa ya haedanghwa / Kim Chae-guk -- Tosi ŭi
konhok / Ch'oe Hong-il -- Hŭllŏ kanŭn maŭl / Ko Sin-il -- Tongne saramdŭl / Yi
Hye-sŏn -- <Polswewik'ŭ> ŭi imiji / Chŏng Se-bong.
700 12 $i Contains (work): $a 리 원길. $t 이향.
700 12 $i Contains (work): $a Yi, Wŏn-gil. $t Ihyang. * required
710 2# 延边作顔协会, $e editor.
710 2# Yanbian zuo jia xie hui, $e editor.
(No collective title)

245 00 자유종 / $c 이 해조. 은세계 / 이 인직. 설중매 / 구 연학. 추월색 / 최 찬식.
245 00 Chayujong / $c Yi Hae-jo. Ŭnsegye / Yi In-jik. Sŏlchungmae / Ku Yŏn-hak.
Ch'uwŏlsaek / Ch'oe Ch'an-sik.
700 12 $i Container of (work): $a 이 해조, $d 1869-1927. $t 자유종.
700 12 $i Container of (work): $a Yi, Hae-jo, $d 1869-1927. $t Chayujong. **
700 12 $i Container of (work): $a 이 인직, $d 1862-1916. $t 은세계.
700 12 $i Container of (work): $a Yi, In-jik, $d 1862-1916. $t Ŭnsegye. **
700 12 $i Container of (work): $a 구 연학. $t 설중매.
700 12 $i Container of (work): $a Ku, Yŏn-hak. $t Sŏlchungmae. **
700 12 $i Container of (work): $a 최 찬식, $d 1881-1951. $t 추월색.
700 12 $i Container of (work): $a Ch'oe Ch'an-sik, $d 1881-1951. $t Ch'uwŏlsaek. **
* Separate different works by period and one space. ** optional
3.3.9 Collaborations: ‘No Rule of Three’ in 245 $c
If there are more than three creators in the statement of responsibility, enter under the
creator who is principally responsible for the work (1XX). If there is no principal creator,
enter the first named creator. Providing 700 access points for other authors is optional.
Transcribe each entity in the statement of responsibility, or record [and x others], where x
is the number (in English) of remaining authors.
100 1# 변 정욱, $e author.

100 1# Pyŏn, Chŏng-uk, $e author.
245 1# 통신 서비스 결합 판매 에 관한 이론적 연구 / $c 변 정욱, 김 정현, 김 상택,
오 기석, 강 인규.
245 1# T'ongsin sŏbisŭ kyŏrhap p'anmae e kwanhan ironjŏk yŏn'gu /$c Pyŏn Chŏng-uk,
Kim Chŏng-hyŏn, Kim Sang-t'aek, O Ki-sŏk, Kang In-gyu.
700 1# 김 정현, $e author.
700 1# Kim, Chŏng-hyŏn, $e author.
And provide access points for the other four authors.
Or
100 1# 변 정욱, $e author.
100 1# Pyŏn, Chŏng-uk, $e author.
245 1# 통신 서비스 결합 판매 에 관한 이론적 연구 / $c 변 정욱 [and four others].
245 1# T'ongsin sŏbisŭ kyŏrhap p'anmae e kwanhan ironjŏk yŏn'gu /$c Pyŏn Chŏng-uk
[and four others].
Chapter 3 99
3.3.10 Books with Accompanying Non-print Media
If the accompanying material is substantial, provide 300 $e for accompanying media (use
common terms or terms in carrier type, 3.3) and separate 33X fields with $3 with a term
to designate accompanying materials. If a book contains a substantial number of
illustrations, add only another 336 $a still image $2 rdacontent.
Provide 006 and 007 for accompanying materials if it is substantial portion
100 1# 강 정연, $e author.

100 1# Kang, Chŏng-yŏn,$e author.
245 10 드로잉 트레이닝 : $b 펜 도구 연습 부터 수준 높은 일러스트레이션 까지 / $c
강 정연 지음.
24510 Tŭroing t'ŭreining : $b p'en togu yŏnsŭp put'ŏ sujun nop'ŭn illŏsŭt'ŭreisyŏn kkaji /
$c Kang Chŏng-yŏn chiŭm.
300 ## 339 pages : $b color illustrations ; $c 27 cm + $e 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)
336 ## $3 book $a text $2 rdacontent
337 ## $3 book $a unmediated $2 rdamedia
338 ## $3 book $a volume $2 rdacarrier
336 ## $3 CD-ROM $a computer program $2 rdacontent
337 ## $3 CD-ROM $a computer $2 rdamedia
338 ## $3 CD-ROM $a computer disc $2 rdacarrier
3.3.11 Reprints
Reprint- Catalog based on reprint. Dates, Type of date in fixed field, 100, 245, 250, 264,
490. Provide call number for original with a.
775 08 $i Reprint of (manifestation): $a $t $d $h $z $w
(Reprint)
Form of item: r Fixed field date: r, 2011, 1928
245 00 中中朝朝朝作作 / $c 朝朝作敎敎敎編編 ; 구 자황, 문 혜윤 편.
245 00 Chungdŭng Chosŏnŏ changmun / $c Cho-Hanmun Kyowŏnhoe p'yŏnch'an ; Ku
Cha-hwang, Mun Hye-yun p'yŏn.

264 #1 경기도 광명시 : $b 경진, $c 2011.
264 #1 Kyŏnggi-do Kwangmyŏng-si : $b Kyŏngjin, $c 2011.
500 ## Reprint: originally published by Cho-Hanmun Kyowŏnhoe. Sŏul : Ch'angmunsa,
1928, with new interpretation.
775 08 $i Reprint of (manifestation): $t 中中朝朝朝作作 $d 서울 : 彰作彰, 1928 $h 2,
4, 227 p. ; 22 cm $w (OCoLC)40330906
775 08 $i Reprint of (manifestation): $t Chungdŭng Chosŏnŏ changmun $d Sŏul :
Ch'angmunsa, 1928 $h 2, 4, 227 p. ; 22 cm $w (OCoLC)40330906
3.3.12 Commentaries
a. If the commentary is presented as a new work, enter under the AAP for commentator
and commentary. (ex. Comprehensive and exhaustive commentary on the ---)
b. If the commentary is simply an edition, treat it as an expression.
(ex. James Joyce’s Dubliners : an illustrated edition with annotations)
(Example for a)
100 1# 김 용옥, $d 1948- $e author.
100 1# Kim, Yong-ok, $d 1948- $e author.
245 10 중용 한글 역주 / $c 도올 김용옥 지음.
245 10 Chungyong Han'gŭl yŏkchu / $c Tool Kim Yong-ok chiŭm.
630 04 中中.
630 00 Zhong yong.
(Example for b)
Creator is the artist even though about 2/3 of the resource is commentary by Wolhee
Choe about the art and thoughts of Ukchin Chang. – English original and Korean
translation in the resource (two expressions)
041 ## kor $a eng $h eng

100 1# 장 욱진, $d 1917-1990, $e artist, $e author.
100 1# Chang, Uk-chin, $d 1917-1990, $e artist, $e author.
Chapter 3 101
245 10 Golden ark : $b the paintings and thoughts of Ucchin Chang / $c introduction,
commentaries, and translations by Wolhee Choe = 장 욱진 의 그림 과 세계 /
그림 장 욱진, 글 최 월희.
245 10 Golden ark : $b the paintings and thoughts of Ucchin Chang / $c introduction,
commentaries, and translations by Wolhee Choe = Chang Uk-chin ŭi kŭrim kwa
segye / kŭrim Chang Uk-chin, kŭl Ch'oe Wŏr-hŭi.
700 1# 최 월희, $d 1937- , $e writer of added commentary, $e writer of introduction, $e
translator.
700 1# Choe, Wolhee, $d 1937-, $e writer of commentary, $e writer of introduction, $e
translator.
700 12 장 욱진, $d 1917-1990. $t Golden ark.
700 12 Chang, Uk-chin, $d 1917-1990. $t Golden ark.
700 12 $i Translation of: $a 장 욱진, $d 1917-1990. $t Golden ark. $l Korean.
700 12 $i Translation of: $a Chang, Uk-chin, $d 1917-1990. $t Golden ark. $l Korean.
3.3.13 Additions
If the authorized access point for a work (creator if any + preferred title) is identical to the
authorized access point for a different work, provide a qualifier such as form, place of
publication, date of publication, issuing body, etc. to make the authorized access point of
the item being cataloged unique. Provide additions to the item in hand, not the existing
record. Use terms from Table 6.1 (6.9.1.3). Provide a reciprocal linking entry if
applicable.
(Date): series statement conflicts with other series
<Existing work> <Item in hand>
100 1# 이 청준, $e author. 100 1# 이 청준, $e author.
100 1# Yi, Ch'ŏng-jun, $e author. 100 1# Yi, Ch'ŏng-jun, $e author.
245 10 가면 의 꿈 /$c 지은이 이 청준. 245 10 가면 의 꿈 /$c 지은이 이 청준.
245 10 Kamyŏn ŭi kkum / $c chiŭni Yi Ch'ŏng-jun. 245 10 Kamyŏn ŭi kkum / $c chiŭni Yi Ch'ŏng-jun.
800 1# 이 청준. $t Works ; $v 3. * 800 1# 이 청준. $t Works. $f 2010 ; $v 7. *
800 1# Yi, Ch'ŏng-jun. $t Works ; $v 3. 800 1# Yi, Ch'ŏng-jun. $t Works. $f 2010 ; $v 7.
*v.3 of 이청준 문학전집, 2002, 열림원 v. 7 of 이청준전집, 2011, 문학과 지성사
(Corporate body): title conflicts with title of other work.

<Existing work>
245 10 한류, 아시아를 넘어 세계로
245 10 Hallyu, Asia rŭl nŏmŏ segye ro
264 #1 서울시 :$b 한국 문화 사업 교류 재단, $c 2009.
264 #1 Sŏul-si :$b Han'guk Munhwa Saŏp Kyoryu Chaedan, $c 2009.
<Item in hand>
130 0#한류, 아시아를 넘어 세계로 (Taehan Min'guk Kukhoe Tosŏgwan) *
130 0# Hallyu, Asia rŭl nŏmŏ segye ro (Taehan Min'guk Kukhoe Tosŏgwan)
245 10 한류, 아시아를 넘어 세계로 = $b The Korean wave / $c 편집인 고 인철 의회
정보 실장 ; 편집 실무진 김 정란 [and four others].
245 10 Hallyu, Asia rŭl nŏmŏ segye ro = $b The Korean wave / $c P'yŏnjibin Ko In-ch'ŏl
Ŭihoe Chŏngbo Silchang ; p'yŏnjip silmujin Kim Chŏng-nan [and four others].
264 #1 서울시 :$b 국회 도서관, $c 2011.
264 #1 Sŏul-si :$b Kukhoe Tosŏgwan, $c 2011.
*Use authorized form as qualifier.
(Content type): If author published a book and the item in hand is an audio-book with
same title by the author.
< book>
100 1# 이 상진, $e author.
100 1# Yi, Sang-jin, $e author.
245 10 북풍 노래. <made-up title>
245 10 Pukp'ung norae.
<CD>
100 1#이 상진, $e author.
100 1# Yi, Sang-jin, $e author.
240 10 북풍 노래. $s Spoken word
240 10 Pukp'ung norae. $s Spoken word
245 10 북풍 노래.
245 10 Pukp'ung norae.
Chapter 3 103
3.3.14 Dissertations or Theses
264 #0 (manuscript)
264 #1 (published thesis)
a. Original text - Use 502 for degree, conferred school, and date.
100 1# 鄭容容, $e author.

100 1# Chŏng, Yong-uk, $e author.
245 10 1942-47 년 美美 의 對對政政 과 過過政政形形構構 / $c 정 용욱.
245 10 1942-47-yŏn Miguk ŭi taehan chŏngch'aek kwa kwado chŏngbu hyŏngt'ae kusang /
$c Chŏng Yong-uk.
264 #0 $c 2014. Or 264 #1 $a Sŏul : $b Sŏul Taehakkyo Taehagwŏn Kuksa Hakkwa, $c 2014.
502 ## $b Ph. D. $c Sŏul Taehakkyo Taehagwŏn Kuksa Hakkwa $d 1996.
* Cataloger's judgment. Only the date is core.
b. Published thesis - revised version of the author’s thesis

Treat as a new work. Provide 500 note.
100 1# Kim, Tong-sik, $d 1962-

245 10 Pukhan taenam chollyak ui silch'e.
500 ## Originally presented as the author’s thesis (doctoral)—Pukhan Taehagwŏn
Taehakkyo, 2013.
3.3.15 Sacred Scriptures
Use the preferred title for the work.

130 0# Bible. $l Korean. $s Revised New Korean Standard. $f 2008.
245 10 뉴 인터프리터 스터디 바이블 : $b 성경 전서 표준 새 번역 개정판.
245 10 Nyu int'ŏp'ŭrit'ŏ sŭt'ŏdi Paibŭl : $b Sŏnggyŏng chŏnsŏ p'yojun sae pŏnyŏk
kaejŏngp'an.

3.3.16 Official Communications
If the resource is an official communication issued by the head of state, etc., the
authorized access point is constructed with the title of the official and the preferred title of
the work.
110 1# Korea (South). $b President (1993-1998 : Kim)

240 10 Speeches
245 10 金泳泳大大大演演作文.
245 10 Kim Yŏng-sam Taet'ongnyŏng yŏnsŏl munjip.
3.3.17 Conferences
Names do not need to contain words like 회의, 미팅, 페스티발, 전시회, 탐험, 경기,
토너먼트, etc. to be a named conference. Drop year and number of the conference from
subfield $a. Retain frequency. If the name of the conference appears in Korean and
English, choose Korean if Korean is the official language of the body. If the name does
not convey the idea of corporate body, add a qualifier (Conference). Enter the conference
subordinately if the name includes the entire name of the higher body (11.2.2.14.6)
Additions: If a location is used (no rule of three; separate with semicolon), use authorized
form minus cataloger’s note, and substitute comma for parenthesis. If an institution name
is used as a location of the conference, use the preferred name for the institution, minus
any additions used in the institution's authorized access point.
(Example 1)
111 2#전국 역사학 대회 $n (53rd : $d 2010 : $c Koryŏ Taehakkyo)
111 2# Chŏn'guk Yŏksahak Taehoe $n (53rd : $d 2010 : $c Koryŏ Taehakkyo)
245 10 고려, 조선 시대의 주거와 마을 :$b 第 53 回全美歷歷歷大敎考考歷學發發資資文.
245 10 Koryŏ, Chosŏn sidae ŭi chugŏ wa maŭl :$b Che 53-hoe Chŏn'guk Yŏksahak
Taehoe Kogo Hakpu palp'yo charyojip.
(Example 2)
(subordinate body) includes the name of the parent body
Chapter 3 105
110 2# 서울 대학교. $b 통일 평화 연구원. $b 학술 회의 $d (2012 : $c Seoul, Korea)
110 2# Sŏul Taehakkyo. $b T'ongil P'yŏnghwa Yŏn'guwŏn. $b Haksul Hoeŭi $d (2012 :
$c Seoul, Korea)
245 10 북한 주민 통일 의식 과 북한 사회 변동 : $b 2012 북한 이탈 주민 조사 결과 발표.
245 10 Pukhan chumin t'ongil ŭisik kwa Pukhan sahoe pyŏndong :$b 2012 Pukhan it'al
chumin chosa kyŏlgwa palp'yo.
3.3.18 Frequently Used Relationship Designators
Work level: author, artist, compiler, and photographer

Expression level: editor, translator, illustrator, writer of added commentary, sponsoring
body, issuing body, host institution, degree granting institution

3.4. Textual Printed Serials
By Erica Chang4
3.4.1 References
RDA, CONSER Cataloging Manual, CONSER Editing Guide, CONSER RDA core
elements, CONSER MARC21 to RDA core elements, CONSER RDA Cataloging
checklist, RDA and serials cataloging (Ed Jones. Chicago : ALA, 2013), Provider-neutral
E-resource MARC record guide.
These guidelines follow CONSER practice.
3.4.2 CONSER RDA Core Elements
Type: a BLvl: s lang: kor (008), Title (245), parallel title (246 11), minor title change
(246 1# $i), current frequency (310), Description based on note combined with the source
of title (588), Latest issue consulted (588), mode of issuance (008), language of
expression (008, 041, 546), preferred title for the work (130 or 1XX/240), content type
(336), media type (337), carrier type (338), relationship designator ($e)
Fixed field (008): type: a BLvl: s con:|| fre: a reg: r lang: kor ctry: ko S/L: 0 Desc: i
*codes are examples
Preferred source: title page, cover, caption, masthead, colophon, another source within
the resource
ISSN (022): $a correct $y incorrect $z cancelled
Title proper (245 $a, $n, $p): Omit date, number, name that vary and use mark of
omission […] to indicate the omission. Correct obvious typographical errors.
Parallel title (245 $b): Do not record parallel title in 245 = $b. Instead, record it in 246 11.
Statement of responsibility (245 $c): Do not provide if authority record is available or is

being created.
4
Chapter 3 107
Publication statement (264 #1): Only the first place of publication and publisher are
required. Provide date only if first or last issue is available, $c 1992- , $c -2008. Supply
approximate date if no date is given on the first or last issue, [2009?]-. Omit if date cannot
be approximated. Copyright date is not required for serials. Do not omit hierarchy from
publisher name.
Extent (300 $a): Provide $a for ceased serials in all formats. Always provide carrier term for
tangible, continuing non-print serials (ex. CD-ROMS), $a 11 computer discs. However,
providing carrier term for continuing serials in other formats is optional (ex. volumes)
Current frequency (310): Biennial, annual, semiannual, quarterly, weekly, five issues a
year, etc.
Numbering (362 1#): If known, always start with “Began with …”
$a Began with Che 1-kwŏn che 1-ho (1992-yŏn 3-wŏl).

$a Began with 1 (2001); ceased with 20 (2005).
If there is whole numbering (t'onggwŏn), use it with equal sign.
$a Began with Che 1-kwŏn che 1-ho (1992-yŏn 3-wŏl) = t'onggwŏn 1-ho.
If there is only whole numbering and chronological designation, use whole numbering as
numeric designation, $a T'onggwŏn 1-ho (1992-yŏn 3-wŏl). If the 1st issue indicates
‘ch'angganho’ and no other numbering appears and numbering started from 2nd issue, use
the numbering inferred from the 2nd issue and record it in brackets. ‘Ch'angganho’ does
not go in 362, it goes in 515.
362 1# Began with [Che 1-ho] (1992).
515 ## First issue called “ch'angganho.”
Issuing body (550): Use 550 for complex note, otherwise, RDA prefers multiple 264s.
550 ## $a Published 1948-1949 by Chosŏn Ŭnhaeng Chosabu ; <1955>- by Han'guk
Ŭnhaeng Chosabu. (provide 710 for both entries)
264 11 $3 1948-1949: $a Chosŏn Ŭnhaeng Chosabu
264 31 $3 <1955>-: $a Han'guk Ŭnhaeng Chosabu
Complexity note (580): Explains complex situation for title changes. $a Has
supplements; odd numbered years have title: Top'yo ro ponŭn yosong t'onggye; and, even
numbered years have title: Chiyŏk yŏsŏng t'onggye; and Chiyŏk sŏng inji t'onggye,
<2010->

Description based on note (588): Provide even if 1st issue is available. Combine with the
source of title.
$a Description based on: Che 1-kwŏn che 1-ho (1992-yŏn 3-wŏl); title from title page.
Latest issue consulted note (588): $a Latest issue consulted: Che 3-kwŏn che 1-ho
(1995-yŏn 6-wŏl).
Content, media, carrier types (33X) most frequently used:
Print: 336 text $2 rdacontent, 337 unmediated $2 rdamedia, 338 volume $2 rdacarrier
Relationship designators ($e) most frequently used: issuing body, sponsoring body,
host institution, author.
3.4.3 Creator
Person is rarely creator for serials

Corporate body is creator if the resource is about internal directory, policies, operations,
collective activities (19.2.1.1). Enter under corporate body in 110 or 111.
110 2# 국가 과학 기술 위원회 (Korea)

110 2# Kukka Kwahak Kisul Wiwŏnhoe (Korea)
245 10 국가 과학 기술 위원회 연감.
245 10 Kukka Kwahak Kisul Wiwŏnhoe yŏn'gam.
Generally, enter under preferred title (130 or 245)
245 00 영화 관객 성향 조사.
245 00 Yŏnghwa kwan'gaek sŏnghyang chosa.
3.4.4 Authorized Access Point
When a serial title has the same title as another resource or a similar title, (not only serials,
but also other types of resources), a qualifier should be provided to make the title unique.
Choices of qualifiers are place, corporate body, date, etc. in parentheses in 130 or 240.
Provide a qualifier only to the item in hand.
Chapter 3 109
3.4.5 Different Works with Same Title
245 00 日日硏硏. <= Existing title

245 00 Ilbon yŏn'gu
264 #1 Pusan, Korea : ǂb Pusan Taehakkyo Ilbon Munje Yŏn'guso
130 0# 日日硏硏 (Seoul, Korea) <= Newly received title

130 0# Ilbon yŏn'gu (Seoul, Korea) * place used as qualifier
245 10 日日硏硏.
245 10 Ilbon yŏn'gu.
264 #1 Sŏul : $b Koryŏ Taehakkyo Ilbon Yŏn'gu Sent'ŏ
3.4.6 Language Edition (Translation)
Needs uniform title with $l – use authorized access point of the original language title.
Reciprocal linking entry is required.
245 00 한국 문학 번역원. <= Korean edition - original

245 00 Han'guk Munhak Pŏnyŏgwŏn.
775 08 $i English edition: $t Han'guk Munhak Pŏnyŏgwŏn. English. LTI Korea
newsletter $w (OCoLC)51557682
130 0# 한국 문학 번역원. $l English <= English edition - translation

130 0# Han'guk Munhak Pŏnyŏgwŏn. $l English
245 10 LTI Korea newsletter.
775 08 $i Korean edition: $t Han'guk Munhak Pŏnyŏgwŏn $w (OCoLC)51502324
3.4.7 Language Edition (Simultaneous Editions)
Catalog the same way as a translation, but the authorized access point should be based on
language edition received first. Reciprocal linking entry is required.

245 00 對美傳大造造歷敎誌. <= Korean edition (received first)
245 00 Han'guk Chŏnt'ong Chogyŏng Hakhoe chi.
775 08 $i English edition: $t Han'guk Chŏnt'ong Chogyŏng Hakhoe chi. English. Journal
of Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture. $b International
edition $w (DLC) 2011235482 $w (OCoLC)542902145
130 0# 對美傳大造造歷敎誌. $l English <= (English edition)

130 0# Han'guk Chŏnt'ong Chogyŏng Hakhoe chi. $l English.
245 10 Journal of Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture.
250 ## International edition.
775 08 $i Korean edition: $t Han'guk Chŏnt'ong Chogyŏng Hakhoe chi $x 1738-236X $w
(OCoLC)62298398
3.4.8 Title change
Major vs minor title change: If any addition, deletion, or change of words occurs within
the first 5 words of title, consider it a major change, and create a new record. Use 780,
785 with indicators 00, rather than using $i.
245 00 한국 도시 연감. <= Earlier title

245 00 Han'guk tosi yŏn'gam.
264 #1 [Seoul] : $b 내무부
264 #1 [Seoul] : $b Naemubu * If the date of the first and last issues are not available, do
not give 264 $c.
785 00 $t Han'guk tosi t'onggye $w (DLC) 2011212081 $w (OCoLC)746930538
245 00 한국 도시 통계. <= Later title
245 00 Han'guk tosi t'onggye.
264 #1 [Seoul] : $b 행정 안전부 지역 발전 정책국 지역 경제과
264 #1 [Seoul] : $b Haengjŏng Anjon̆ bu Chiyŏk Palchŏn Chŏngch'aekkuk Chiyŏk
Kyŏngjekwa
780 00 $t Han'guk tosi yŏn'gam $w (DLC) 78647772 $w (OCoLC)4507495
Chapter 3 111
3.4.9 Reprints
Cataloging is based on the reprint, but the information about the original publication is
recorded in Leader/07:s, 008/06 (DtSt), 008/07-14 (Dates). Also provide information
about the original in a linking entry field. The numbering in the record reflects the
numbering for the reprint.
Note: If the reproduction is in the same format as original (print), use 775, if different
format (microform or online, etc.), use 776.
245 00 송화강. <= Original work

245 00 Songhwagang.
264 #1 哈尔滨市 : $b 松花江杂志彰 , $c 1959-
264 #1 Ha'erbin Shi : $b Songhuajiang za zhi she, $c 1959-
362 1# Began with 총 제 1 기 (1959, 5, 20).
362 1# Began with ch'ong che 1-ki (1959, 5, 20).
775 08 $i Reprinted as: $t Songhwagang $d Soul-si : Sŏuŏl Ch'ulp'ansa, 2006 $h 18
volumes : illustrations ; 25 cm $w (OCoLC)262681953
245 00 송화강. <= Reprint

245 00 Songhwagang.
264 #1 서울시 : $b 서우얼 출판사, $c 2006.
264 #1 Sŏul-si : $b Sŏuŏl Ch'ulp'ansa, $c 2006.
300 ## 18 volumes : $b illustrations ; $c 25 cm
362 1# Began with 제 1 권; ceased with 총목차.
362 1# Began with che 1-kwŏn; ceased with ch'ongmokch'a.
775 08 $i Reprint of (manifestation): $t Songhwagang $d Ha'erbin Shi : Songhuajiang za
zhi she $m Began with ch'ong che 1-ki (1959, 5, 20) $n Monthly $w
(OCoLC)68004436
3.4.10 Supplements, Accompanying Materials
1. If supplements have their own numbering and are themselves continuing

resources, catalog them separately with a reciprocal linking field in each record.
In 770 and 772 fields, 08 $i is not needed because the tag displays the note, “Has
supplement” or “Supplement to.” Use indicators 0# in both records.

245 00 한국 신문 방송 연감. <= Parent serial
245 00 Han'guk sinmun pangsong yŏn'gam.
770 0# $t 한국 언론인 인명 사전 $w (DLC) 2011211953 $w (OCoLC)713374979
770 0# $t Han'guk ŏllonin inmyŏng sajŏn $w (DLC) 2011211953 $w (OCoLC) 713374979
245 00 한국 언론 인명 사전. <= (Supplement serial)

245 00 Han'guk ŏllonin inmyŏng sajŏn.
772 0# $t 한국 신문 방송 연감 $w (DLC) 80641588 $w (OCoLC)6836381
772 0# $t Han'guk sinmun pangsong yŏn'gam $w (DLC) 80641588 $w (OCoLC)6836381
2. If supplements use the main serial numbering, give a note in 525 or 300 $e
245 00 영화 관객 성향 조사
245 00 Yŏnghwa kwan'gaek sŏnghyang chosa.
300 ## volumes ; $c 28 cm + $e CD-ROMs (sound, color ; 4 3/4 in.) * CD-
ROM accompanies each issue.
525 ## Some issues accompanied by a supplement: 영화 관객 성향 조사 부록 CD.
3. A special issue of serial issue – catalog as monograph with 730 for the main
serial title.
In the main serial record, no indication about the special issue is necessary. Make a
note in 500.
245 00 Incheon : $b 동 아시아 랜드마크 로 높이 날다. <= (Supplement record)

245 00 Incheon : $b Tong Asia laendŭmak'ŭ ro nop'i nalda.
300 ## 193 pages : $b color illustrations ; $c 23 cm *no period unless a series
statement follows.
500 ## “신 동아 2009 년 6 월호 별책 부록.”
730 0# 신 동아.
730 0# Sin tonga.
3.4.11 Relationship Designators
710 2# 고려 대학교. $b 일본 연구 센터, $e issuing body.

710 2# Koryŏ Taehakkyo. Ilbon Yŏn'gu Sent'ŏ, $e issuing body.
Chapter 3 113
3.5. Moving Image Materials
By Erica Chang5
3.5.1 Reference
RDA, Online Audiovisual Catalogers (OLAC) web site at www.olacinc.org
3.5.2 RDA Cataloging for DVD-Video in Monograph Format
Bold-faced information represents sample values.

Create a new record if there are differences in the following areas: black and white vs.
color, VHS vs. DVD, publication date, dubbed vs. subtitled, different edition, video
characteristics, broadcast standard, presentation format, etc.
007 v $b d $d c $e v $f a $g i $h z $i q multicolored, DVD, Sound on medium, Videodisc as

medium for sound, Other dimensions, Surround sound
Fixed field: Type: g BLvl: m DtSt: s TMat: v
DtSt: Use ‘p’ if the DVD contents are unchanged from the original film release. Use ‘s’ if the
DVD has supplementary content, subtitles, closed captioning, etc. because it is treated as a
new edition. Use ‘t’ if you record the copyright date in Date 2 and publication date in Date 1,
even if both dates are the same.
Time: Only for the main feature, not for supplementary content. Record time in minutes. 120
Lang: Original sound track or dubbed language sound track kor
Ctry: Country of publication. ko
020 ## ISBN if present, 10 or 13 digits

024 3# $a 8809090262983 EAN. 13 digits. Korean DVDs carry EANs below the barcodes.
They start with 880.
5

024 8# $a che 2007-KDVD0108-ho Other standard identifier
028 42 $a SPD 2074 $b Spectrum DVD Videorecording number is usually found on the
spine of the container. $a number $b publisher. * $b should match 264 $b.
Many Korean DVDs do not carry this number.
033 ## $a 20100910 $b 7904 $c S478 $p Kungnip Minsok Kugagwŏn
*7904 : South Korea S478: Seoul
$a formatted date/time (yyyymmdd(hhmm)) of capture or broadcast $b geographic
classification area code $c geographic classification subarea code associated with the item $p
place of event
Provide if applicable. (Related field: 518)
041 1# $a kor $j eng $j kor

$a language of original sound track code and dubbed sound track
$h language of original sound track; use if a different code is given in $a
$j language of subtitles
First indicator is usually 1 if there are multiple sound tracks, subtitles, dubbing. Subfield $a
should match Lang in fixed field.
043 ## $a a-ko--- Use for non-fiction film.

046 ## $k 2004 Year of original release or production. For production over multiple years,
use $k for beginning year and $l for ending year.
130 0# Authorized access point

a. If a title conflicts with another resource entered under the same title, use ‘Motion
picture’, or ‘Television program’ in parentheses in 130. (e.g., for book vs. DVD)
b. If a motion picture is released with a different title in the same language, use the
authorized access point for the original title.
130 0# T'aegŭkki hwinallimyŏ (Motion picture) *original film title

245 10 Tae guk gi = $b The brotherhood of war. *DVD title
245 00 Hanbando /$c chejak, KnJ Ent'ŏt'einmŏnt'ŭ ; kamdok, Kang U-sŏk ; kakpon,
Kim Hŭi-jae, Yi Hyo-ch'ŏl ; p'ŭrodyusŏ, Chŏng Sŏn-yŏng.
Chapter 3 115
Moving image works are usually entered under title. For statement of responsibility, only
director, production company, producer, screenwriter of the original motion picture
should be put in 245 $c.
For a video containing multiple works without a collective title, transcribe multiple works
in 245 00 $a 1st title /$c statement of responsibility. 2nd title / statement of responsibility.
Provide 730 02 $i Container of (work): $a AAP for each individual work or for the first
or significant work.
246 1# $i Title on container: $a

246 1# $i Also known as: $a
246 1# $i English title: $a
246 31 $a Parallel title
246 30 $a Portion of title
Moving image works often go by a number of titles.
250 ## Director’s cut Information for various versions.

257 ## Korea (South) $2 naf Country of original production, not country of publication. If a
Korean motion picture is produced as a DVD in China, record Korea (South) in 257.
264 #1 Sŏul : $b Spectrum DVD, $c 2010.

If a publisher name appears in both English and Korean (ex. Spectrum DVD or
Sŭp'ekt'ŭrŏm Tibidi), prefer the form of publisher name given in the same source as the
title proper. For example, if the title is taken from the disc label and the publisher’s name
appears only in English on the disc label, record the English form. If both forms appear
on the label, record the form that is in the same language as the title proper.
264 $c #0 production date #1 publication date #2 distribution date #3 manufacture date #4

copyright date. Publication date is required, and if not present will need to be inferred,
usually from the copyright date. If copyright date is also provided, use ‘t’ in DtSt in fixed
field.
300 ## 1 videodisc (approximately 120 min.)

1 videodisc (29 min.; 40 min.) for two works in a resource.
Use the carrier term from 3.3.1.3 and duration. Spell-out words except hr., min.

300 ## $b sound, or silent, color, black and white, or color with black and white
sequences)
300 ## $c 4 3/4 in.
306 ## hhmmss $a 020000 (related fields: time in the fixed field, 300 $a, 500)
336 ## two-dimensional moving image $b tdi $2 rdacontent

337 ## video $b v $2 rdamedia
338 ## videodisc $b vd $2 rdacarrier
340 ## $b 4 3/4 in. dimensions
344 ## digital $b optical $g surround or stereo $h Dolby $2 rda

344 ## $h Dolby Digital 5.1
Sound characteristics $a type of recording $g configuration of playback channels
$h special playback characteristics
345 is used only for projected films.
346 ## laser optical $b NTSC or PAL $2 rda

Video characteristics $a video format $b broadcast standard
347 ## video file $b DVD video $e region 3 or all regions $2 rda

Digital file characteristics $a file type $b encoding format $e regional encoding
380 ## Motion picture or Television program or Documentary film

500 ## 1.8:1 widescreen
Projection characteristics of moving image $a presentation format
546 ## Korean, with optional subtitles in English and Korean.
518 ## $o Recorded $d 2010 September 10 $p Kungnip Minsok Kugagwŏn, Seoul

$d date of event; year, month, day $o other event information $p place of event
511 1# An Sŏng-gi, Kim Hye-su. Names of cast members.
Chapter 3 117
508 ## Cinematography, Chŏng Il-sŏng; music, Kim Su-ch'ŏl; editor, Pak Sun-dŏk.
Cinematography, editor, music, etc.
500 ## Title from disc label.

Source of title is mandatory if the title is not taken from the title frame or title screen.
500 ## Originally released as a motion picture in 2010. (related fields: 046, 257)
500 ## Special features include interviews, music video, trailer, and photo gallery.
500 ## Based on the novel of the same title by Cho Chŏng-nae.

(related field: 700 $a $t)
500 ## Anamorphic wide screen 2.35:1 or 1.85:1, full screen (1.33:1), letterboxed
Aspect ratio
505 0# Disc 1: Movie -- Disc 2: Documentary -- Disc 3: Special feature.

Formatted contents for multiple discs with individual titles.
520 ## Brief objective summary
521 ## For age 15 and older or For all.

Audience note
586 ## Award
6XX for Fiction DVD
651 #0 Korea (South) $x History $y Yŏsun Rebellion, 1948 $v Drama. Topic
The two genre headings below are mandatory.
655 #7 Feature films. $2 lcgft or Short films Always provide for feature films
655 #7 Fiction films. $2 lcgft Always provide for fiction films
655 #7 Fiction television programs. $2 lcgft Always provide for fiction television programs

Additionally provide any appropriate form/genre headings from Library of Congress
Genre/Form Thesaurus (LCGFT) for moving images.
655 #7 Film adaptations. $2 lcgft
655 #7 Detective and mystery films or Historical films. $2 lcgft Major genre term
6XX for non-fiction DVD
650 #0 Murder $z Korea (South) Topic

655 #7 Non-fiction films. $2 lcgft Always provide for non-fiction films
655 #7 Non-fiction television programs. $2 lcgft Always provide for television programs.
Additionally provide any appropriate form/genre headings from LCGFT

Documentary films, documentary television programs, Historical films, etc.
700 1# Im, Kwŏn-t'aek, $e film director.

700 1# Chŏng, Sŏn-yŏng, $e producer.
700 1# Kim, Hŭi-jae, $e screenwriter.
700 1# Kim, Hye-su, $d 1970- $e actor.
700 1# $i Motion picture adaptation of (work): $a Cho, Chŏng-nae, $d 1943- $t
T'aebaek sanmaek.
710 2# Kim Ki-dŏk P'illŭm (Firm), $e production company.
If a DVD contains more than one work, provide analytical entries for all works in 730 02.
730 02 $i Container of (work) :$a preferred title.
3.5.3 RDA Cataloging for Carriers Other Than DVD-Video
Videocassette
007 v $b f $d c $e b $f a $g h $h o $i m multicolored, VHS, Sound on medium, Videotape as

medium for sound, ½ in. dimensions, Monaural sound
300 ## 1 videocassette (35 min.) : $b sound, color ; $c 13 mm
Chapter 3 119
338 ## videocassette $b vf $2 rdacarrier
340 ## $b ½ in.
344 ## analog $b magnetic $g mono $2 rda no 345, 347
346 ## VHS $b NTSC $2 rda
Blu-ray
007v $b d $d c $e s $f a $g i $h z $i s
300 ## 1 videodisc (50 min.) : $b sound, color ; $c 4 ¾ in.
340 ## $b 4 3/4 in.
344 ## digital $b optical $g stereo $2 rda
347 ## video file $b Blu-ray $e all regions $2 rda
Streaming video
007 v $b z $d c $e z $f a $g z $h z $i z 007 $a c $b r $d c $e n $f a
300 ## 1 online resource (45 min.) : $b sound, color
336 ## two-dimensional moving image $b tda $c rdacontent
337 ## computer $b c $2 rdamedia
338 ## online resource $b cr $2 rdacarrier
344 ## digital $g stereo $2 rda
346 ## $b NTSC $2 rda
347 ## streaming video file $b QuickTime $2 rda
3.5.4 Example
Type: g ELvl: i Srce: d Lang: kor BLvl: m Time: 112 Ctry: ko

Desc: i TMat: v Tech: l DtSt: s Dates: 2007
007 v $b d $d c $e v $f a $g I $h z $i q
040 ## HUH $b eng $e rda $c HUH
024 3# 8809090262983

024 8# che 2007-KDVD0108-ho
041 1# kor $j eng $j kor
043 ## a-ko---
046 ## $k 2006
245 00 극락도 살인 사건 /$c 각본, 감독, 김 한민 ; 제작사, (주) 케이디 미디어 ;
프로듀서, 최 두영, 최 지용.
245 00 Kŭngnakto sarin sakŏn /$c kakpon, kamdok, Kim Han-min ; chejaksa, (chu) K'eidi
Midiŏ ; p'ŭrodyusŏ, Ch'oe Tu-yŏng, Ch'oe Chi-yong.
246 1# At head of title in container: $a Misŭt'eri ch'urigŭk

257 ## Korea (South) $2 naf
264 #1 [Seoul] : $b chejak, (Chu) K'eidi Midiŏ : $b konggŭp, (Chu) Emk'ei P'ikch'yŏsŭ, $c
2007.
300 ## 2 videodiscs (112 min.) :$b sound, color ; $c 4 ¾ in.
336 ## two-dimensional image $b tdi $2 rdacontent
340 ## $b 4 ¾ in.
344 ## digital $g surround $h Dolby $2 rda
344 ## $h Dolby digital 5.1
346 ## laser optical $b NTSC $2 rda
347 ## video file $b DVD video $e region 3 $2 rda
380 ## Motion picture.
500 ## 2.35:1 widescreen.
546 ## In Korean, with optional subtitles in English and Korean.
511 1# 박 해일, 박 솔미, 성 지루, 최 주봉.
511 1# Pak Hae-il, Pak Sol-mi, Sŭng Chi-ru, Ch'oe Chu-bong.
508 ## cinematography, 김 용흥 ; editor, 신 민경 ; music, 방 준석.
508 ## cinematography, Kim Yong-hŭng ; editer, Sin Min-gyŏng ; music, Pang Chun-sŏk.
500 ## Originally released as a motion picture in 2006.
500 ## Disc 1 has optional commentary with director, producer and actors.
Chapter 3 121
500 ## Disc 2 contains special features (114 min.) including: making of the movie, film of
photoshoot and trailer.
520 ## In 1986, a group of men are fishing while listening to a live broadcast of the Asian
Games. One of their poles snags on a big clamper, and the owner pulls on it delightedly. The
decomposed head of a guy lands in the kettle where ramen noodles are boiling.
521 ## For age 15 and older.
650 #0 Murder $x Investigation $v Drama.
650 #0 Serial murders $z Korea (South) $v Drama.
655 #7 Feature films. $2 lcgft
655 #7 Fiction films. $2 lcgft
655 #7 Detective and mystery films. $2 lcgft
700 1# 김 한민, $e director, $e screenwriter.
700 1# Kim, Han-min, $e director, $e screenwriter.
700 1# 최 두영, $e producer.
700 1# Ch'oe, Tu-yŏng, $e producer.
700 1# 최 지용, $e producer.
700 1# Ch'oe, Chi-yong, $e producer.
700 1# 박 해일, $d 1977- $e actor.
700 1# Pak, Hae-il,$d 1977- $e actor.
700 1# 박 솔미, $e actor.
700 1# Pak, Sol-mi, $e actor.
700 1# 성 지루, $e actor.
700 1# , Sŭng, Chi-ru, $e actor.
700 1# 최 주봉, $e actor.
700 1# Ch'oe, Chu-bong, $e actor.
7102# 케이디 미디어, $e production company.
710 2# K'eidi Midiŏ, $e production company.
710 2# 엠케이 픽쳐스, $e sponsoring body.
710 2# Emk'ei P'ikch'yŏsŭ, $e sponsoring body.

3.6. Sound Recordings
By Eunseung Oh6
3.6.1 References
RDA, MLA (Music Library Association) best practices for music cataloging: using RDA and
MARC21 (MLA BP) (http://goo.gl/WQ9UC4)
MLA provisional best practices for using LCMPT (http://goo.gl/K2xAiS)
Types of Compositions for Use in Music Uniform Titles (http://goo.gl/qy5aur)
Due to space limitations, non-Latin fields are not included in the examples below.
Capitalization: Do not capitalize mediums of performance (ex. piano, kayagŭm) and numeric
designation of a musical work (ex. no., op.)
Abbreviations: Use abbreviations for numeric designations and durations (ex. no., op., hr.,
min.). Use ‘stereo’ or ‘mono’. They are not considered abbreviations, therefore they do not
end in a period.
3.6.2 Musical Sound Recordings
007 s $b d $d f $e s (or ‘m’ for mono) $g g $h n $i n $k m $m e $n d < -- CD

007 s $b s $d l $e s (or ‘m’ for mono) $g j $h l $i c $k p $m c $n e < -- cassette
006 m (form of material), o (form of item), h (type of computer file) < -- streaming audio
requires 006 (computer file) and two 007s (electronic, sound recording) below.
007 c $b r $d n $e n $f s
007 s $b z $d z $e s (or m, q, s, u, z) $f n $g n $h n $i n $m e $n d (or a, b, e, u, z)
Fixed field (008): Type: j (musical sound recording) Lang: kor or zxx (no sung or spoken text)
DtSt: s (single date), r (reissues of sound recordings in the same or different medium) Comp:
fm (folk music, folk songs), pp (popular music), mu (multiple forms) related field: 047
6
Korean Technical Services Librarian, Stanford University
Chapter 3 123
Preferred source of information
Prefer the disc label over the container or program notes. If information is taken from
outside of the resource, bracket it.
Sound recording issue numbers (028 02)
MLA BP recommends providing identifiers for a set and for individual parts. Give each
identifier with qualification. If there are more than three identifiers for individual parts,
give a span. Transcribe the issue number as it appears in $a. The 028 $b (publisher)
usually matches 264 $b.
028 02 $a SYNCD-035 $b Sinnara $q (set)

028 02 $a SYNCD-036 $b Sinnara $q (disc 1)
028 02 $a SYNCD-037 $b Sinnara $q (disc 2)
028 02 $a SYNCD-035-SYNCD-039 $b Sinnara
Provide other identifiers if available. ex. ISBNs (020), UPCs (024 1#) and EANs (024 3#)
which are 13-digit numbers starting with 880.
Date/time and place of an event (033 00)
Place and time that the music is recorded
033 00 $a 199303-- $b 7904 $c S478 $b and $c are country and city LC classification
number $b 7904 – South Korea, $c S478 – Seoul. (related field: 518)
041 ## $d kor $g eng $d sung or spoken text, $e librettos, lyrics, $g program notes
Form of musical composition code (047 ##)

Record 047 when code ‘mu’ is used in ‘comp’ in fixed field. (ex. bd: ballads, ff: folk
music (including folk songs, etc., cb: chants, other, op: operas, pp: popular music, sg:
songs)
047 ## fm $a cb

Title (245)
Title proper (245 $a)

Transcribe the title as it appears on the source of information. If a collective title appears
on the container but not on the disc label, record the collective title.
245 00 30-yŏndae kiak hapchu sŏnjip.

245 00 Han obaengnyŏn, Kŭmgangsan t'aryŏng.
Parallel title (245 $b, 246 31)
The parallel title can be taken from any place within the resource without bracketing it.
100 10 Kim, Su-ch'ŏ, $d 1957- $e composer, $e arranger, $e performer.

240 10 Instrumental music. $k Selections. $f 2004
245 10 Pullim sori = $b Sound of invocation / $c Kimsoochul.
246 31 Sound of invocation
Other title information (246 1# $i)

Other title information may be recorded in 246 if considered important.
246 1# $i Subtitle on container: $a Buddhist meditation music of Korea
Statement of responsibility (245 $c)
Composers (persons, families or corporate bodies) responsible for the creation of a work
are recorded in the 245 field. Performers, narrators, presenters and performing groups are
given in 511 or 505. If, however, the role of a performer or performing group goes
beyond mere performance (as is true for popular, jazz, and world music), then record the
performer or group in 245 $c.
100 1# Yun, Yun-sŏk, $d 1937- $e composer, $e performer. *creator

245 10 Ajaeng sanjo / $c Yun Yun-sŏk.
511 0# Yun Yun-sŏk, ajaeng ; Kim Ch'ŏng-man, changgo.
245 00 Kyŏnggi sinawi wa Namdo sinawi. *no creator
Chapter 3 125
Publication statement (264)
Name of Publisher (264 #1 $b)
If an audio recording bears both the name of the publishing company and the name of a
subdivision of that company or a trade name or brand name used by that company (i.e., a
“label” for audio recordings), give the name of the subdivision or trade name or brand
name as the name of the publisher.
264 #1 [Seoul] : $b Sinnara, $c 1993.

(On the label: Sinnara, (chu) K'ing Rek'odŭ)
Date of publication (264 #1 $c)

Do not substitute a phonogram or copyright date for the date of publication. MLA BP
says to record the phonogram date in separate 264 if available even if it is the same as
publication date. Record ○
p or the word ‘phonogram’. Date Type in 008 should be ‘t’ if
providing both dates.
008 DtSt: t Dates: 2012, 2012

264 #1 [Seoul] : $b Sinnara, $c 2012.
264 #4 $c ℗2012
Extent: type of unit, duration (300 $a, 306), dimensions (300 $c)
Record the carrier type or a term in common usage such as CD or compact disc. Record
duration as it appears on the resource if readily available. Provide 306 by converting the
time to hr., min., sec. RDA uses metric measurements but LC uses inches (with
abbreviation) to record dimensions for audio discs.
300 ## 1 audio disc (65 min., 15 sec.) ; $c 4 3/4 in. <- CD

306 ## 010515
300 ## 2 audio discs (98 min.) ; $c 3/4 in.

306 ## 004615 $a 005145

300 ## 1 audiocassette (87 min.) : $b 3 3/4 ips, mono ; $c 7 1/4 x 3 1/2 in., 1/4 in. tape.
 cassette
300 ## 1 online resource (1 audio file) :$b digital, stereo  streaming audio
856 40 $3 1 streaming audio file (mono or stereo) $u http://
Content/Media/Carrier type (336, 337, 338)
Record multiple terms by repeating the fields.
336 performed music $b prm $2 rdacontent  CD

337 audio $b s $2 rdamedia
338 audio disc $b sd $2 rdacarrier
336 performed music $b prm $2 rdacontent  cassette

338 audiocassette $b ss $2 rdacarrier
336 performed music $b prm $2 rdacontent  streaming audio

337 computer $b c $a audio $b s $2 rdamedia
338 online resource $b cr $2 rdacarrier
Sound and Digital characteristics (344, 347)
Do not add “Compact disc” note in 500. Instead, use 344, 347 fields.
344 $a digital $g stereo $2 rda *other possible value for $g - $g mono $g surround
 CD
347 $a audio file $b CD audio $2 rda
344 $a analog $g stereo $h Dolby-B encoded $2 rda  cassette
344 $a digital $g stereo  streaming audio
347 $a audio file $b MP3 $2 rda
Chapter 3 127
Medium of performance (382 01)
Use controlled vocabulary from the “Provisional best practices for using LCMPT” $a
medium: voice (or kayagŭm, kŏmun'go, haegŭm, changgo, tanso, etc.) $n number of
medium $s total numb of medium $2 lcmpt
$a voice $a kŏmun'go $n 1 $a $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt
Notes (5XX)
Source of title note (500): MLA routinely supplies this element
Nature of content (500)
Language note (546, 500): MLA routinely record language.

546: primary language content
500: accompanying text, provide just before 505.
Performers, narrators and presenters (511 0#): name, function/instrument
Place and date of capture (518): $o other event information $p specific institution city
$d year, month, day, time. Remixing information is not as important as capture
information.
Contents note (505)

500 ## Folk music.
546 ## Sung in Korean.
511 0# Paek Hye-suk, kayagŭm ; Pak Yŏng-ho, taegŭm ; Yun Mun-suk, haegŭm ;
changgu, Yi Tu-wŏn.
518 ## $o Recorded $d 2012 October 10-12 $p Hoon Studio, Seoul.
500 ## Lyrics and program notes in English inserted in container.
505 00 $t Sae t'aryŏng $g (7:50) -- $t Changsŭng t'aryŏng $g (3:46) -- $t Samgo
ch'oryŏ $g (16:08).
505 00 $g Disc 1. $t Pullim sori ka $g (7:55) – $t Pullim sori na $g (6:07) -- $g Disc 2.
$t Yasang $g (4:55) -- $t Hoesang $g (6:47) -- * the rest are omitted due to space
limitations.

Access points (1XX, 7XX)
Creators and added creators are recorded in 1XX and 7XX fields. Contributors are
recorded in 7XX fields.
Commonly used relationship designators for creators: composer, adapter. Commonly
used relationship designators for contributors: performer, vocalist, instrumentalist, singer,
conductor, writer of accompanying materials, narrator, presenter, arranger of music.
100 1# Yun, Yun-sŏk, $d 1937- $e composer, $e performer.
700 1# Kim, Ch'ŏng-man, $d 1946- $e instrumentalist.
(For this example, the performer function as a creator since the performance of sanjo
requires significant creativity and improvisation)
Compilations
Compilations by one creator

A compilation is named with the creator and the preferred title or conventional collective
title. For the complete works of a composer in various forms, use “Works” in 240. For
complete works of a composer in one form, use a collective title by broad medium, by
specific medium, or by single type. For broad medium, use Chamber music, Choral music,
Instrumental music, Keyboard music, Vocal music. For a specific medium, use a term
from LCSH (ex. Ajaeng music, Kayagŭm music, Haegŭm music, etc.). For incomplete
works of a composer in various forms, use “Works. $k Selections” in 240 field or in 700 $t.
For incomeplete works of a composer in a single form, add “Selections” to a collective
title by broad medium, by specific medium, or by single type. Conventional collective
titles in music are listed at “Types of Compositions for Use in Music Uniform Titles”. If
the appropriate term is not there, use the LCSH genre/form term.
If there is a collective title in 245, use 505 to bring out the titles of the individual works.
Regardless of whether or not there is a collective title, an added access point for the 1st
work or predominant work is required. Add access points for all works and performers if
feasible.
100 1# Hwang, Pyŏng-gi, $d 1936- $e composer, $e performer.

240 10 Works. $k Selections
245 10 Hwang Pyŏng-gi chakp'umjip. $n che-3 = Hwang Byung-ki masterpieces. $n vol. 3.
100 1# Hwang, Pyŏng-gi, $d 1936- $e composer, $e performer.
240 10 Kayagŭm music. $k Selections. $f 1974 *one medium. $f for breaking conflict
with other work
Chapter 3 129
245 10 Ch'imhyangmu / $c Hwang Pyŏng-gi kayagŭm moŭmjip. *collective title
511 1# Hwang Pyŏng-gi, kayagŭm ; An Hye-ran, changgo.
505 0# Sup -- Pom.
700 1 $i An, Hye-ran, $e instrumentalist.
700 12 $i Container of (work): $a Hwang, Pyŏng-gi, $d 1936- $t Sup.
*1st access point is required
700 12 $i Container of (work): $a Hwang, Pyŏng-gi, $d 1936- $t Pom. * optional
Compilations by more than one creator

The compilation is named by its preferred title, not by a performer.
245 00 Sanjo kihaeng. * collective title
511 1# Han Chu-hwan, taeg ŭm ; Pang T'ae-gun, hojok ; Han Pom-su, t'ungso.
505 00 $t Taegŭm sanjo /$r Han Chu-hwan -- $t Hojŏk sanjo / $r Pang T'ae-gŭn --
$t T'ungso sanjo / $r Han Pŏm-su.
700 12 $i Container of (work): $a Han, Chu-hwan. $t Taegŭm sanjo.
*1st access point is required
700 12 $i Container of (work): $a Pang, T'ae-gŭn. $t Hojŏk sanjo.
700 12 $i Container of (work): $a Han, Pŏm-su. $t T'ungso sanjo.
3.6.3 Non-Musial Sound Recording
Fixed field: Rec_Type: i (non-musical sound recording)
Content/Media/Carrier type (336, 337, 338)
(Audiobook on compact disc)

336 spoken word $b spw $s rdacontent
(A compact disc with sounds of animals)
336 sounds $b snd $2 rdacontent


Notes (5XX)
Language note (546,500): optional. Combine with 041 field

Performer, narrator and presenter (511)
Artistic and/or technical credit (508)
Place and date of capture (518)
Contents note (505)
Summary of content (520)
Commonly used relationship designators for creators: author, interviewer, interviewee
Commonly used relationship designators for contributors: performer, narrator
3.6.4 Example
Type: j ELvl: I Lang: kor BLvl: m Comp: fm AccM: bdhk Ctry: ko Part: n TrAr: n
Desc: I FMus: n DtSt: t Dates: 2003, 2003
007 s $b d $d f $e u $f n $g g $h n $i n $j m $k m $l n $m e $n d
040 ## HUH $b eng $e rda $c HUH
028 02 KICP-066 $b Kungnip Munhwajae Yŏn'guso
041 0# $d kor $e kor $g eng $g kor
043 ## a-kr--- $a a-ko---
245 00 강원도 민요 = $b Kangweon-do minyo, folksongs of Gangweon province.
245 00 Kangwŏn-do minyo = $b Kangweon-do minyo, folksongs of Gangweon province.
246 31 Kangweon-do minyo, folksongs of Gangweon province
264 #1 서울시 : $b 국립 문화재 연구소, $c 2003.
264 #1 Sŏul-si : $b Kungnip Munhwajae Yŏn'guso, $c 2003.
264 #4 $c ℗2003
300 1 audio disc ; $c 4 3/4 in. + $e 1 booklet (22 pages : illustrations ; 12 cm).
306 ## 000712 $a 000047 $a 000116 $a 000035 $a 000054 $a 000050 $a 001147
*The rest are omitted due to the space limitations.
336 ## performed music $b prm $2 rdacontent
336 ## text $b txt $2 rdacontent
337 ## audio $b s $2 rdamedia
337 ## unmediated $b n $2 rdamedia
338 ## audiodisc $b sd $2 rdacarrier
Chapter 3 131
338 ## volume $b nc $2 rdacarrier
344 ## digital $2 rda
347 ## audio files $b CD audio $2 rda
490 1# Korean traditional music collection = $a 국립 문화재 연구소 소장 자료 시리즈 ; $v 27
490 1# Korean traditional music collection = $a Kungnip Munhwajae Yŏn'guso sojang
charyo sirijŭ ; $v 27
546 ## Sung in Korean.
511 0# Kim Nan-hong, ch'ang ; kim Kye-sŏn, taegŭm, kayagŭm, changgo.
518 ## $o Recorded $p Unsan-ni, Myŏngju-gun, Kangwŏn-do, Korea $d 1963 August 20-29.
500 ## Program notes by Kim Hye-jŏng in Korean, with English translation by Haeiman in
accompanying booklet in container.
505 00 $g Disc 1. $t Kangnung sijip sari $g (7:12) -- $t Arirang $g (00:47) -- $t Chajangga $g
(1:16) -- $t Chongson arirang / $r Kim Ok-sim $g (1:42). *some are omitted due to space limit.
650 #0 Folk songs, Korean $z Korea (South) $z Kangwŏn-do.
650 #0 Folk music $z Korea (South) $z Kangwŏn-do.
700 1# 김 난홍, $e singer.
700 1# Kim, Nan-hong, $e singer.
700 1# 김 계선, $e instrumentalist.
700 1# Kim, Kye-sŏn, $e instrumentalist.
700 1# 김 옥심, $e singer.
700 1# Kim, Ok-sim, $e singer.
700 1# 김 혜정, $e writer of added commentary.
700 1# Kim, Hye-jŏng, $e writer of added commentary.
710 2# 국립 문화재 연구소 (Korea), $e issuing body.
710 2# Kungnip Munhwajae Yŏn'guso (Korea), $e issuing body.
830 #0 Korean traditional music collection ; $v 27.

3.7. Scores
By EunHee Nah7
3.7.1 References
Best Practices for Music Cataloging (Music Library Association) http://goo.gl/OgNYXR

Provisional Best Practices for Using LCMPT http://goo.gl/W4UqOY
Traditional Korean music: 악학궤범
3.7.2 Traditional Korean Music and Scores
Traditional Korean music is called kugak (국악), and it can be divided into four groups:
imperial court music, literati class music, folk music and religious music. The various
musical styles and forms are reflective of the country’s history, which is colorful and full
of fascinating tales.
Korean songs can be divided into six groups: kagok (가곡), kasa (가사), sijo (시조),
minyo (민요), p'ansori (판소리) and ch'anggŭk (창극). The first three were written and
sung by intellectuals and the others were by and for commoners. Ch'anggŭk evolved from
p'ansori in the early 20th century for theater.
Religious music was influenced by shamanism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Cheryeak

(제례악) is Confucian ritual music. Chongmyo cheryeak (종묘 제례악) commemorated
kings and rulers, and Munmyo cheryeak (문묘 제례악) commemorated Confucian
scholars.
The kugak scores are written using traditional Korean music notation. One exception is
folk music, which was passed down among players without scores. There are about sixty
traditional Korean string, wind, and percussion instruments.
7
Korean Cataloger, Harvard University
Chapter 3 133
One of the most widely used musical notation systems in traditional scores is chŏngganbo
(정간보), which was created by King Sejong and his music scholars in the early 15th
century. It is a grid system in which each cell contains characters that denote precise
performance indications and rhythms. The score is to be read from top to bottom and
right to left, similar to traditional Korean books. In the case of multiple instruments, the
score contains multiple columns per measure or phrase.
Beginning in the late 20th century, musicians trained in western music started composing
traditional-style music using western staff notation as well as converting traditional scores
to western staff notation. In recent years, live performances of folk music and shaman
music have been transcribed in scores in an effort to preserve Korea’s musical heritage.
RDA guidelines for cataloging in traditional music have not been fully developed.
Future updates and best practices need to be monitored.
3.7.3 RDA Fields for Scores
245 Preferred source of information is title page, cover, caption, masthead, colophon,
in that order
33x fields for content, media, and carrier type

336 notated music $2 rdacontent
337 unmediated $2 rdamedia
338 volume $2 rdacarrier
338 sheet $2 rdacarrier
382 01 Medium of performance terms for music.
5xx for music notes

500 form of music. (ex. Hymns, folk music)
546 language of printed text
546 $b form of music notation (RDA7.13). (ex. Staff notation, letter notation, graphic
notation, number notation, tablature (chŏngganbo))

3.7.4 RDA Relationship Designators
RDA Appendix I (Between Persons/Families/Corporate bodies and Works)

arranger of music; composer; editor; librettist; lyricist; transcriber; translator, writer of
added commentary; writer of added lyrics
RDA Appendix J (Between Works and Expressions)

adaptation of (expression); adaptation of (work); adapted as (expression);
adapted as (work); contained in (expression); contained in (work);
container of (expression); contain container of (work); libretto (expression); libretto (work);
libretto based on (expression); libretto based on (work); libretto for (expression);
libretto for (work); musical setting of (expression); musical setting of (work);
musical setting (expression); musical setting (work); musical variations (expression);
musical variations (work); musical variations based on (expression); musical variations
based on (work); reproduction of (manifestation); reproduction of (item)
3.7.5 Examples
1. Score in tablature notation, chŏngganbo (정간보)
Type: c Comp: zz Desc: i FMus: l DtSt: s Dates: 2004

040 ## <library symbol> $b eng $e rda $c <library symbol>
020 ## 8956381674
043 ## a-kr---
050 #4 M1816 $b .C4517 2004
245 00 종묘 제례악 (全) / $c 국립 국악원.
245 00 Chongmyo cheryeak (chŏn) / $c Kungnip Kugagwŏn.
250 ## 초판.
250 ## Ch'op'an.
264 #1 서울 : $b 민속원, $c 2004.
264 #1 Sŏul : $b Minsogwŏn, $c 2004.
300 ## 1 score (202 pages) ; $c 30 cm
336 ## notated music $b ntm $2 rdacontent
Chapter 3 135
382 01 instrumental ensemble $a singer $2 lcmpt
500 ## Traditional Korean instrumental ensemble; includes songs.
500 ## Korean chŏngganbo notation.
546 ## $b Tablature.
650 #0 Jongmyo jeryeak $v Scores.
650 #0 A'ak $v Scores.
710 2#국립 국악원 (Korea), $e issuing body.
710 2# Kungnip Kugagwŏn (Korea), $e issuing body.
2. P'ansori in staff notation
Type: c BLvl: m Comp: zz Lang: kor Ctry: ko Desc: i FMus: l LTxt: a DtSt: s Dates: 2002
020 ## 9788975983184
041 1# kor $a eng $h kor
050 #4 M1817 $b .P35 2002
100 1# 박 녹주, $e composer.
100 1# Pak, Nok-chu, $e composer.
245 10 동편제 흥보가 : $b 중요 무형 문화재 제 5 호 판소리 / $c 박 녹주 바디 ; 한 농선
소리 ; 김 영옥 채보 ; 박 미정 영역.
245 10 Tongp'yŏnje Hŭngboga : $b chungyo muhyŏng munhwajae che 5-ho p'ansori / $c Pak
Nok-chu padi ; Han Nong-sŏn sori ; Kim Yŏng-ok ch'aebo ; Pak Mi-jŏng yŏngyŏk.
246 30 흥보가
246 30 Hŭngboga
264 #1 광주 광역시 : $b 전남 대학교 출판부, $c 2002.
264 #1 Kwangju Kwangyŏksi : $b Chŏnnam Taehakkyo Ch'ulp'anbu, $c 2002.
300 ## 1 score (147 pages) ; $c 31 cm
336 ## notated music $2 rdacontent
337 ## unmediated $2 rdamedia
338 ## volume $2 rdacarrier
382 01 voice $n 1 $a drum $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt

546 ## In Korean, with librettos also in English.
546 ## $b Staff notation.
500 ## Includes index.
630 04 흥보가 $v Librettos.
630 00 Hŭngboga $v Librettos.

650 #0 P'ansori $v Scores.
700 1# 한 농선, $e composer (expression)
700 1# Han, Nong-sŏn, $e composer (expression)
700 1# 김 영옥, $e transcriber.
700 1# Kim, Yŏng-ok, $e transcriber.
700 1# 박 미정, $e translator.
700 1# Pak, Mi-jŏng, $e translator.
3. Collection of folk songs in staff notation
Type: c Comp: fm Desc: i FMus: l

020 ## 9788932601823
043 ## a-kr---
050 #4 M1816 $b .H3636 1992
100 1# 김 점도, $ 1935- $e compiler, $e arranger of music.
100 1# Kim, Chŏm-do, $d 1935- $e compiler, $e arranger of music.
245 10 한국 신민요 대전집 : $b 속요, 만요, 신 민요, 창가 수록 / $c 김 점도 편.
245 10 Han'guk sinminyo taejŏnjip : $b sogyo, manyo, sin minyo, ch'angga surok / $c Kim
Chŏm-do p'yŏn.
264 #1 서울 특별시 : $b 삼호 출판사, $c 1992.
264 #1 Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlsi : $b Samho Ch'ulp'ansa, $c 1992.
300 ## 1 score (541 pages) ; $c 26 cm
336 ## notated music $b ntm $2 rdacontent
382 01 singer $2 lcmpt
Chapter 3 137
500 ## Folk songs.
500 ## Includes chord symbols; unacc.
650 #0 Folk music $z Korea.
650 #0 Folk songs, Korean.
4. Training pieces in staff notation for learning kayagŭm
Type: c Lang: kor BLvl: m Comp: fm AccM: s Ctry: ko Desc: i FMus: l LTxt: n
DtSt: s Dates: 2003
020 ## 9788959163922050 #4 MT654.K4 $b S66 2012
100 1# 송 지희, $e author.
100 1# Sŏng, Chi-hŭi, $e author.
245 10 소리 와 함께 배우는 가야금 교본 /$c 송 지희 지음.
245 10 Sori wa hamkke paeunŭn kayagŭm kyobon / $c Sŏng Chi-hŭi chiŭm.
246 30 가야금 교본
246 30 Kayagŭm kyobon
250 ## 1 판.
250 ## 1-p'an.
264 #1 서울 : $b 예솔, $c 2012.
264 #1 Soul : $b Yesol, $c 2012.
300 ## 1 score (122 pages) : $b illustrations (some color) ; $c 26 cm + $e 1 CD
336 ## $3 score $a notated music $b ntm $2 rdacontent
336 ## $3 CD $a performed music $2rdacontent
337 ## $3 score $a unmediated $b n $2 rdamedia
337 ## $3 CD $a audio $2 rdamedia
338 ## $3 score $a volume $b nc $2 rdacarrier
338 ## $3 CD $a audiodisc $2 rdacarrier
382 01 kayagŭm $n 1 $s 1 $2 lcmpt
504 ## Includes bibliographical references (page 123).
650 #0 Kayagŭm $v Studies and exercises.
650 #0 Kayagŭm music. (for CD)

3.8. Maps
By Hee-Sook Shin8
3.8.1 References
1. RDA and Cartographic materials: Mapping a New Route by Paige Andrew at

http://www.ala.org/alcts/confevents/upcoming/webinar/cat/092811
2. GSLIS UIUC Cartographic Resources created by Bobby Bothmann (RDA
Toolkit)
3.8.2 Fields for maps
008 Type: e CrTp: a (single map), e (atlas) Relf: a (contours), b (shading), c (gradient and
bathymetric tints, g (spot heights)
007 Use for print and online maps, including atlases. Do not use for microform maps or
globes (use 007 microform and 007 globe)
e.g. 1 printed color map

007 ## a $b j $d c $e a $f n $g z $h n ($b j is two-dimensional map)
300 ## 1 map : $b color ; $c 50 x 80 cm
e.g. Atlas containing colored printed maps
007 ## a $b d $d c $e a $f n $g z $h n ($b d is atlas)
300 ## 1 atlas (48 pages) : $b color maps ; $c 28 cm
034 Cartographic mathematical data, including scale, projection and/or coordinates.

Enter a corresponding field 255 for each 034 field.
e.g. 034 1# a $b 7500 (first indicator 1 is single scale, $a a is linear scale)

255 ## Scale 1:7,500. 1 cm. = 75 m.
8
Korean Studies Librarian, Columbia University
Chapter 3 139
034 1# a $b 8000 $d E1265612 $e E1270140 $f N0373316 $g N0373005 ($d,e,f,g
are coordinates)
255 ## Scale 1:8000 $c (E 126°56ʹ12ʺ--E 127°01ʹ40ʺ/N 37°33ʹ16ʺ--N 37°30ʹ05ʺ).
052 ## Geographic classification code that represents the geographic area and the geographic
subarea and populated place name covered by an item. GCC consists of a four- to
six-digit number from the LCC range G3190-G9980.
e.g. 052 ## 7904 $b S478:3Y6 (7904-city and town, etc. S478-Seoul S478:3Y6-Yongsangu)
651 #0 Yongsan-gu (Seoul, Korea) $v Maps.
052 ## 7900 (South Korea including maps of Korea as a whole)

052 ## 7905 (North Korea)
651 #0 Korea (South) $v Maps.
651 #0 Korea (North) $v Maps.
19.2.1.1.1 Corporate bodies other than those merely responsible for the publication or
distribution of cartographic resources are considered to be creators.
110 2# 영진 문화사, $e cartographer.
110 2# Yŏngjin Munhwasa, $e cartographer.
2.3.2.8.2 Scale - if the title proper of a cartographic resource includes a statement of the
scale, include that statement as part of the title proper.
e.g. 245 10 서울 1:7,500 道路地圖 : $b 미리 보는 서울 未來地圖
245 10 Sŏul 1:7,500 toro chido : $b miri ponŭn Sŏul, mirae chido
255 (chap. 7- 7.25 (255 $a), 7.26 (255 $b), 7.4 (255 $c): LC/PCC core element
Record coordinates in the following order: westernmost extent of area covered
(longitude), easternmost, northernmost, southernmost. Record using degrees (°), minutes
('), seconds ("). Precede coordinates by W, E, N, S.
Provide “Scale not given” if no scale is given, and is not available from outside
the resource.
If the scales within one map vary and are known, record the smallest and largest
scales separated by a hyphen, e.g. 1:15,000-1:25,000. If not known, provide "Scale
varies." If the resource consists of more than one map and the main maps are of more
than one scale, record each separately or use "Scales differ."

e.g. 1 colored printed map
255 ## Scale 1:1,050,000. 1 cm = approximately 10 km $c (E 123°08'--E
132°12'/N 42°45'--N 33°07').
255 ## Scale 1:70,000. 1 cm = 700 m.
255 ## Scales differ.
255 ## Scale not given.
300 (chap. 3 and 7 – 3.4.2 (300 $a), 3.11.2-3 (300 $b), 3.5.2 (300 $c)
e.g. 300 ## 1 map : $b color ; $c 25 x 15 cm (height x width measured within the neatline)
300 ## 2 maps on 1 sheet : $b both sides, color ; $c each 35 x 50 cm, sheet 53 x 76
cm, folded in cover 24 x 17 cm (if appropriate, record more than one set of
dimensions and specify the areas separated by a comma)
300 ## 1 map : $b color ; $c 107 x 72 cm, sheet 110 x 79 cm, folded in cover 24 x 17 cm
300 ## 1 atlas (3 volumes)
300 ## 1 atlas (174 pages) : $b color illustrations, color maps ; $c 36 cm
e.g. Electronic atlas

255 ## Scale not given.
300 ## 1 atlas (6 volumes) : $b illustrations, maps (some color)
33X fields
336 Content Type
336 ## cartographic image
337 Media Type

337 ## unmediated
337 ## computer
337 ## microform
338 Carrier Type

338 ## sheet
338 ## volume
338 ## object
Chapter 3 141
e.g. 1 printed color map
336 ## cartographic image $2 rdacontent
338 ## sheet $2 rdacarrier
e.g. Atlas containing colored printed maps

e.g. E-atlas containing color maps

337 ## computer $2 rdamedia
338 ## online resource $2 rdacarrier
546 Language
e.g. 041 0# kor $a eng
546 ## In Korean, with title, legend, and selected place names also in English.
500 Notes
e.g. 500 ## Map covers entire Korean Peninsula.
500 ## Relief shown by shading and spot heights. Depths shown by gradient tints.
500 ## “실내 환경 정리용 (행정)”—cover.
500 ## Based on maps at scale 1:50,000 by Kukt'o Chiri Chŏngbowŏn.
500 ## Includes world map inset.
500 ## Includes schematic inset continuation maps of subway lines from
Pyŏngjŏm to Sinjang, and from Mangwŏlsa to Soyosan.
500 ## “GPS iyong toro chosa.”
500 ## “Toro kyot’ong chŏngbo sangsedo, sudokwŏn, 1:100,000.”
500 ## “Digital 신편. GPS 이용 도로 조사.”
500 ## “Chuyo sigado surok.”
Appendix 1: Relationship designators between persons/families/corporate bodies and

resources - recommended core cartographic designators by cartographic community.
Work level: artist, cartographer, designer, compiler, issuing body
Expression level: surveyor, draftsman
Manifestation level: engraver, lithographer, printer

3.8.3 Examples
1 printed color map in a case

Type: e ELvl: i Srce: d Relf: bcg Lang: kor BLvl: m Ctry: ko CrTp: a Indx: 0
Desc: i DtSt: s Dates: 1994, ####
007 a $b j $d c $e a $f n $g z $h n
040 ## ZCU $b eng $e rda $c ZCU
066 ## $c $1
020 ## 8985784064
020 ## 9788985784061
034 1# a $b 1050000 $d E1230800 $e E1321200 $f N0424500 $g N0330700
043 ## a-kr---
050 #4 G7900 1994 $b .S66
052 ## 7900
079 ## ocn8579006095
049 ## ZCUA
110 2# 성지 문화사, $e cartographer.
110 2# Sŏngji Munhwasa, $e cartographer.
245 10 대한 민국 전도 / $c 편집 겸 발행인 최 형규.
245 10 Taehan Min'guk chŏndo / $c p'yŏnjip kyŏm parhaengin Ch'oe Hyŏng-gyu.
246 3# 최신판 大對民美全図
246 3# Ch'oesinp'an Taehan Min'guk chŏndo
246 3# 최신판 대한 민국 전도
246 3# 大對民美全図
246 3# Taehan Min'guk chŏndo
246 1# $i Spine title on case: $a 대한 민국 전도 (행정)
246 1# $ Spine title on case: $a Taehan Min'guk chŏndo (haengjŏng)
250 ## 최신판.
250 ## Ch'oesinp'an.
255 ## Scale 1:1,050,000. 1 cm = approximately 10 km $c (E 123°08ʹ--E 132°12ʹ/N
42°45ʹ--N 33°07ʹ).
Chapter 3 143
264 #1 서울 특별시 : $b 성지 문화사, $c 1994.
264 #1 Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlsi : $b Sŏngji Munhwasa, $c 1994.
300 ## 1 map : $b color ; $c 107 x 72 cm, sheet 110 x 79 cm, folded in cover 24 x 17 cm
338 ## sheet $2 rdacarrier
500 ## "실내 환경 정리용 (행정)"--Cover.
500 ## "Sillae hwan'gyŏng chŏngniyong (haengjŏng)"—Case.
500 ## Map covers entire Korean peninsula.
500 ## Relief shown by shading and spot heights. Depths shown by gradient tints.
500 ## Includes world map inset.
500 ## "우리 나라 편 (2)"--Case.
500 ## "Uri nara p'yŏn (2)"--Case.
651 #0 Korea $v Maps.
655 #7 Maps. $2 lcgft
700 1# 최 형규, $e compiler.
700 1# Ch'oe, Hyŏng-gyu, $e compiler.
Print atlas containing color maps

Type: e ELvl: i Srce: d Relf: ag Lang: kor BLvl: m Ctry: ko CrTp: e Indx: 1
Desc: i DtSt: s Dates: 2009, ####
007 a $b d $d c $e a $f n $g z $h n
040 ## ZCU $b eng $e rda $c ZCU
066 ## $c $1
020 ## 8987163717
020 ## 9788987163710
034 0# a
041 0# kor $a eng
043 ## a-ko---
050 #4 G2331.P2 $b Y65 2009
052 ## 7901
079 ## ocn708396798
049 ## ZCUA

110 2# 영진 문화사, $e cartographer.
110 2# Yŏngjin Munhwasa, $e cartographer.
245 10 新 한국 정밀 지도 : $b 도로 · 행정 · 관광 · 총괄편.
245 10 Sin Han'guk chŏngmil chido : $b toro, haengjŏng, kwan'gwang,
ch'onggwal p'yŏn.
246 30 한국 정밀 지도
246 30 Han'guk chŏngmil chido
246 3# 신 한국 정밀 지도
246 3# Sin Han'guk chŏngmil chido
250 ## 수정판.
250 ## Sujŏngp'an.
255 ## Scales differ.
264 #1 서울 특별시 : $b 영진 문화사, $c 2009.
264 #1 Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlsi : $b Yŏngjin Munhwasa, $c 2009.
546 ## In Korean, with selected place names also in English.
500 ## Relief shown by contours and spot heights.
500 ## Cover title.
500 ## Includes indexes.
650 #0 Roads $z Korea (South) $v Maps.
651 #0 Korea (South) $x Administrative and political divisions $v Maps.
655 #7 Atlases. $2 lcgft
Chapter 3 145
3.9. Online Textual Resources (Remote Access Resources)
By Erica Chang9
This section follows PCC Provider-Neutral E-Resource guidelines

(http://www.loc.gov/aba/pcc/scs/documents/PCC-PN-guidelines.html) and the separate
record approach. It covers cataloging of online reproductions of print resources.
Provider-neutral model: Describe the digital manifestation using all appropriate elements.
However, provide information for the original publication as indicated below. Provider-
neutral record does not contain information specific to any one particular provider, with the
exception of citing the package and format upon which the record description was based
(588). Provider names are not added to preferred titles as qualifiers, given as authorized
access points or mentioned in issuing body notes. Notes about access restrictions, format, or
system requirements specific to particular providers also are not given.
Add a 730 title access point or 7XX author/title added entry when the title of the original
differs. When a serial changes from one media type to another, e.g., CD-ROM to online,
print to online, give a qualifier in parentheses, e.g., (CD-ROM, online). Simultaneous
editions or reproductions of a serial in different media, as is common with Korean e-
serials, are regarded as manifestations of the same work, therefore no additions are
required. Give the original print information in 776 $i Print version: $a, $t, $b, $d, $h, $z,
$w as applicable. Give appropriate 856 fields.
Create a new record either by deriving the original print record on OCLC if available or
by viewing the online resource (see 588 note).
3.9.1 Monographs
Mandatory fields: 006, 007, 008, 020, 040 $a $b $c $e, 050 for BIBCO, 245 $a, 264 $a
$b $c, 300 $a, 336, 337, 338, 588, 776.
9

006: mod 007:cr (006 is for additional characteristics for computer file aspect, 007 is
physical characteristics for computer file)
Fixed Field: type:a BLvl:m Form:o Desc:i DtSt:s Dates: 2009 (date for original
publication)
020 $z 9788956263830 Provide ISBN for e-book in $a, however, Korean e-resources
usually don’t carry ISBN for online edition. If ISBN for print only is available, provide it
in $z.
040 $a [library symbol] $b eng $e rda $e pn $c [library symbol]
043 a-ko---, a-kn---, a-kr---
100 1# Kim, Yong-hui, $d 1963- $e author.

245 10 Han'guk hyŏndae siŏ ŭi t'ansaeng / $c Kim Yong-hui.
250: Ch'op'an. Provide information from the original print.
264: Sŏul-si : $b Somyŏng Ch'ulp'an, $c 2009. Provide information from the original
print publication.
Add another 264 for manufacturing information for online manifestation if desired.
264 #3 $c printing 2012
300: $a 1 online resource (376 pages) : $b illustrations. Provide information for
online manifestation.
33X (content, media, carrier type)

336 $a text $2 rdacontent
337 $a computer $2 rdamedia
338 $a online resource $2 rdacarrier
347 $a text file $b PDF $2 rda (digital file characteristics)
588 $a Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (Nuri Media,
viewed January 31, 2014).
Or 588 $a Description based on print version record.
776 08 $i Print version: $a Kim, Yong-hui, 1963- $t Han'guk hyŏndae siŏ ŭi

t'ansaeng. $b Ch'op'an $d Sŏul-si : Somyŏng Ch'ulp'an, 2009 $h 376 p. ; 23 cm. $z
9788956263830 $w (DLC)2009426911 $w (OCoLC)368047724
856 40 $u http://overseas.bookrail.co.kr/common/swfViewer.asp?idx=N1112294
Chapter 3 147
3.9.2 Monograph Example
Type: a ELvl: i Srce: d Lang: kor Blvl: m Form: o Conf: 0 Ctry: ko Cont: b LitF: 0 Indx:
0 Desc: i DtSt: s Dates: 2005, ####
006 mod
007 cr
040 ## HUH $b eng $e rda $e pn $c HUH
020 ## $z 9788956261768
043 ## a-ko---
050 #4 PL957.5.F45 $b K57 2005
100 1# 김 복순, $e author.
100 1# Kim, Pok-sun, $e author.
245 10 페미니즘 미학 과 보편성 의 문제 = $b The problems of feminist aesthetics and
universality /$c 김 복순.
245 10 P'eminijŭm mihak kwa pop'yŏnsŏng ŭi munje = $b The problems of feminist
aesthetics and universality /$c Kim Pok-sun.
246 31 Problems of feminist aesthetics and universality
250 ## 1 판.
250 ## 1-p'an.
264 #1 서울시 : $b 소명 출판, $c 2005.
264 #1 Sŏul-si : $b Somyŏng Ch'ulp'an, $c 2005.
264 #3 printing 2012
300 ## 1 online resource (512 pages)
347 ## text file $b PDF $2 rda
504 ## Includes bibliographical references (pages 505-512).
588 ## Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (Nuri Media,
viewed December 20, 2013).
650 #0 Korean literature $y 20th century $x History and criticism.
650 #0 Feminism and literature $z Korea (South)
650 #0 Women in literature.

776 08 Print version: $a Kim, Pok-sun. $t P'eminijŭm mihak kwa pop'yŏnsŏng ŭi munje.
$b 1-p'an $d Sŏul-si : Somyŏng Ch'ulp'an, 2005 $h 512 p. ; 23 cm $z 9788956261768 $w
(OCoLC)76824664
856 40 $u http://overseas.bookrail.co.kr/common/swfViewer.asp?idx=N112281
3.9.3 Serials
Mandatory fields: 006, 007, 008, 040 $a, $b, $c, $e, 245 $a, 264 $a, $b, $c, 300 for
ceased serial, 336, 337, 338, 588, 776
006: mod 007: cr (006 is for additional characteristics for computer file aspect, 007 is
physical characteristics for computer file)
Fixed Field: type: a BLvl: s Form: o Desc: i DtSt: c Dates: 2010 (date for original
publication. Dates should match with information in 362.
022 $z ; Provide ISSN for e-serial in $a, however, Korean e-serials usually don’t carry
ISSN for online edition. If ISSN for print only is available, provide it in $y.
040 [library symbol] $b eng $e rda $e pn $c [library symbol]
043 a-ko---, a-kn---, a-kr---
264: Provide information from the original print publication.

300 ## 1 online resource or 1 online resource (25 volumes).
300 is optional but mandatory for ceased serials.
33X: content, media, carrier type

336 ## text $2 rdacontent, 337 ## computer $2 rdamedia, 338 ## online resource $2
rdacarrier
362 1# Began with Che 1-chip (2010) when the first volume is available in hand. Print
began in 2010. Or 362 1# Print began with Che 1-chip (2010). Use the beginning and
ending dates of the print manifestation rather than the beginning and ending dates of
issues available from any specific provider. Match with dates in the fixed field.
588 ## Description based on: Che 1-chip (2010); title from journal home page (Nuri
Media website, viewed January 31, 2014).
Chapter 3 149
Or 588 ## Description based on print version record.
588 ## Latest issue consulted: Che 5-chip (2014) (viewed January 31, 2014).
776 08 $i Print version: $t Chŏn'guk saŏpch'e chosa pogosŏ $x 1559-0605 $w
(OCoLC)399658701
856 40 $u
3.9.4 Serial Example
Type: a ELvl: i Srce: d Lang: kor Blvl: s Form:o Conf: # Freq: a Ctry: ko S/L: 0
Regl: r Alph: k Desc: i DtSt: c Dates: 2010, 9999
006 mod 007 cr
022 ## $z 1559-0605
043 ## a-ko---
245 00 전국 사업체 조사 보고서. <= Online version
245 00 Chŏn'guk saŏpch'e chosa pogosŏ.
246 11 Report of the census on establishments
264 #1 대전 :$b 통계청, $c 2009-
264 #1 Taejŏn :$b T'onggyech'ŏng, $c 2009-

300 ## $a 1 online resource
310 ## Annual
362 1# Began with 제 1 집 (2010)-
362 1# Began with Che 1-chip (2010)-
588 ## Description based on: Che 1-chip (2010); title from journal home page (Nuri Media
website, viewed January 31, 2014).
588 ## Latest issue consulted: Che 5-chip (2014) (viewed January 31, 2014).
776 08 $i Print version: $t Chŏn’guk saŏpch’e chosa pogosŏ $x 1559-0605 #w
(OCoLC)399658701
856 40 $u (provide specific one, if not specific, use $3 for provider name.
If title is changed, provide 780 and 785 accordingly.

3.10. RDA Tools and Resources
By Jee-Young Park10
BOOKS
 Oliver, Chris. Introducing RDA: A Guide to the Basics. Chicago: American

 Maxwell, Robert. Maxwell’s Handbook for RDA: Explaining and Illustrating
RDA: Resources Description and Access using MARC 21. Chicago: American
RDA TOOLKIT
 RDA Toolkit—http://access.rdatoolkit.org
 Carlton, Tim. Library of Congress Training for RDA, Resource Description &
Access: Using the RDA Toolkit. Revised. Washington, D.C.: Cooperative and
Instructional Programs Division, Library of Congress, 2012--
http://goo.gl/xtybcR
 AACR2 to RDA using the RDA toolkit --
http://www.rdatoolkit.org/webinar/2011Feb
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS (LC)
 Comprehensive information on RDA -- http://www.loc.gov/aba/rda/

 Webcasts-- http://www.loc.gov/aba/rda/webcasts.html
 LC RDA Bibliographic training materials -- http://goo.gl/FzEZV
 LC RDA NACO training materials -- http://goo.gl/Lp0hLZ
 LC training materials for special topics -- http://goo.gl/D0mZXj
 RDA in MARC-- http://www.loc.gov/marc/RDAinMARC29
 RDA record examples http://goo.gl/VEcHw
10
Korean Studies Librarian, University of Chicago
Chapter 3 151
JOINT STEERING COMMITTEE for Development of RDA (JSC)
 Comprehensive information on RDA -- http://www.rda-jsc.org/rda.

 JSC training materials-- http://www.rda-jsc.org/rdapresentations
 RDA working documents-- http://www.rda-jsc.org/workingnew
PROGRAM for COOPERATIVE CATALOGING (PCC)
 Post RDA implementation guidelines and standards -- http://goo.gl/zHVdaQ

 RDA and PCC -- http://goo.gl/79sZVC
 PCC policy statement on RDA training -- http://goo.gl/Bf8jlm
 PCC SCT Training materials -- http://goo.gl/CVsJan
OCLC
 OCLC and RDA -- http://www.oclc.org/en-US/rda

 RDA related resources from OCLC -- http://www.oclc.org/en-US/rda/about
 OCLC Enhance Requirements and Application -- http://goo.gl/5Eiz4Z
CATALOGING WIKI
 Korean Cataloging wiki (KoCa) -- http://goo.gl/ScfFbA

 CEAL RDA wiki -- http://goo.gl/r9mG9
MACRO
 Joel Hahn. Macros for the Connexion Client: AddCommon33x,

AlifAyn2Apostrophe, GenerateAuthoritySupplNLat, Transliteration,
Korean2Latin -- http://goo.gl/3bsH5d

3.11. Korean Cataloging Outsourcing
By Eunseung Oh11
3.11.1 Planning, Selecting, and Evaluating Vendors
Issues to be considered in the planning stage

 Evaluation of local cataloging needs to determine whether fixed-term or
on-going service is required.
 Cost analysis: in-house staff vs. outsourcing services
1. Selecting a Korean outsourcing vendor
There are several Korean cataloging service vendors available in the U.S. and
abroad. Here are some factors to be considered when choosing a suitable vendor
for your institution.
 Price: Vendors usually offer price quotes based on the service needs for a
specific project. Vendors charge different prices for different formats and
levels of cataloging. For example, copy cataloging of literary works
should be less expensive than original cataloging of non-fiction titles.
 Quality of records: Request sample records from vendors to evaluate
their quality. Ensure that the vendors are up-to-date with current
cataloging rules (e.g., RDA practice, current ALA/LC Korean
romanization). Find out how customizable their services are and whether
they provide full-level cataloging in the formats that you need.
 Shelf-ready service: If your institution requires shelf-ready materials, the
vendor should be able to handle the physical processing.
 Record delivery methods: How to load the records into your ILS.
 Sending physical materials vs. surrogates: Consider pros and cons of
sending physical materials vs. photocopies or scanned images.
 Local processing: How much local processing and editing of the records
are required before and after outsourcing.
11
Korean Technical Services Librarian, Stanford University
Chapter 3 153
2. Processing and evaluation of the service
After choosing a vendor, set up a pilot project to test the overall performance of
the vendor before signing a long-term contract.
 Selectively check the quality of the records you receive. See if the vendor
responds to questions or comments from the institution in timely manner.
 Determine whether turnaround time is reasonable.
The quality of the vendor’s records and performance should continue to be monitored
even after a contract is signed.
3.11.2 Korean Outsourcing Vendors
1. Backstage (http://www.bslw.com)
25 East 1700 South, Provo UT 84606

Tel. 1-800-288-1265
Fax. 1-801-356-8220
E-mail: [email protected]
Contact person: Becca Wiederhold
- Provides bibliographic service in various languages including Korean
- Full-level cataloging in all formats
- Able to provide RDA records
- Provides price quote based on a cataloging questionnaire sent to potential
customers
- Physical processing service available
2. China International Book Trading Corporation (CIBTC)

(http://www.cibtc.com.cn)
35 Chegongzhuang Xilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100044, China

Tel: 86-10-68412045, 68414284
Contact person: Wang Ton
- Provides bibliographic service in CJK languages

- Able to provide RDA records. Still working on the new Korean romanization
rules.
- Provides price quote based on a cataloging questionnaire sent to potential
customer
- Physical processing services available
- Prefers to work with surrogates
3. MarcNow (http://www.marcnow.com)
1400 Modi Tower, 98 Nehru Place, New Delhi, India 110 019
Tel. +91 11 4250 4851
Contact person: Meghna Modi ([email protected])
- Provides bibliographic service in various languages including Korean
- Price structure provided upon request
- Physical processing service available
4. McCloy Enterprise International
5900 148th Pl. SW, Edmonds, WA 98026

Tel. 425-745-1908
Contact person: William B. McCloy

- A sole proprietorship cataloging and consulting company specializing in
Korean studies, East Asian studies, Chinese studies and East Asian law
- Full-level cataloging in all formats (experience with books, serials, music, maps)
- Prefers to work with materials directly but also works with surrogates
- Price structure negotiated based on specific project requirements
- No physical processing services
Chapter 3 155
5. Panmun
E-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected]

Contact person: Jun Ho Lim
- Minimum level cataloging record to libraries that purchase the item, still in
testing stage
6. Total Library Services
1425 Honeyhill Dr. Walnut, CA 91789

Tel. 909-816-3738
Fax. 909-594-7041
Contact person: Choonhee Rhim
- A sole proprietorship cataloging and collection development company
covering Korean studies
- Prefers to work with materials directly
- Price structure negotiated based on specific project requirements
- Physical processing services available
* Note: OCLC and Eulyoo Publishing Co. no longer offer cataloging services for
Korean language materials.

3.12. Subject Headings
By Erica Chang12
3.12.1 References
Library of Congress Subject Heading records in the subject authority file, Subject
Headings Manual (SHM), PCC Guidelines for creating bibliographic records in multiple
character sets, 2010
The purpose of this section is not to compile a list of Korean studies-related subject
headings but to provide guidance on assigning subdivisions after choosing subject
headings. Careful reading of SHM is required when assigning subject strings.
When assigning subject headings, established heading strings take precedence over
manually constructed strings of subject headings and subdivisions. For cases in which
subject heading strings are not editorially established, catalogers may combine subject
headings and subdivisions by following instructions in subject authority records and in
the Subject Headings Manual. Many free-floating subdivisions are used under certain
categories of headings in the SHM (instruction sheets H 1100-1200). The H 1095 list is
for general application. The scope notes should be read carefully so that subdivisions are
assigned correctly. If a statement reads, "Use under subjects", the subdivision can be used
with any heading. Most form subdivisions can also be used with every heading. The
following is brief instruction on which list should be used for different categories in
addition to the H 1095 list and the subdivision lists for pattern headings and special topics,
materials, etc.
MARC fields used for subject headings: 600, 610, 611, 630, 650, 651
There are two basic prescribed orders for combining subject headings and subdivisions.
1. Topic $z Place $y Period subdivision $v Form subdivision.

2. Place $x Topic $y Period subdivision $v Form subdivision.
Provide parallel non-Latin fields in 600, 610, 611, 630, 651 with second indicator 4 (non-
LCSH) if the Latin field follows systematic romanization. It is optional to provide a non-
12
Chapter 3 157
Latin field even if the corresponding Latin field does not follow systematic romanization.
(see Park Chung Hee example under 600 below)
Do not provide non-Latin fields for topical headings and geographic subdivisions in 650.
650 #0 Ŭibyŏng $z Korea (South) $z Kyŏngsang-namdo $x History.

Not 650 #4 의병 $z Korea (South) $z Kyŏngsang-namdo $x History.
Not 650 #4 Ŭibyŏng $z Korea (South) $z 경상남도 $x History.
3.12.2 Personal Name Headings as Subject (600)
Use an authorized heading from the Name Authority File, if it is available. Any
subdivision listed in SHM H 1110 list and some (form ($v) and topical ($x)) subdivisions
marked ‘Use under subject’ in H 1095 list can be appended.
600 14 박 정희, $d 1917-1979 $x Assassination $v Sources.

600 10 Park, Chung Hee, $d 1917-1979 $x Assassination $v Sources.
 ‘Assassination’ is from H 1110 list, and ‘Sources’ is from H 1095 list.
600 14 이 광수, $d 1892-1950. $x Characters $x Women.

600 10 Yi, Kwang-su, $d 1892-1950. $x Characters $x Women.
3.12.3 Corporate Body Headings as Subject (610)
Use an authorized heading from the Name Authority File, if it is available. Any
subdivision in the H 1105 list can be used if the scope notes allow it. Consult the
appropriate instruction sheet for corporate bodies covered by pattern headings: H 1151
for individual educational institutions; H 1155 for individual legislative bodies; H
1159 for individual military services; H 1186 for individual religious and monastic orders;
and H 1187 for individual Christian denominations.
610 14 Korea (South). $b 국세청 $x Appropriations and expenditures $v Periodicals.

610 10 Korea (South). $b Kuksech'ŏng $x Appropriations and expenditures $v Periodicals.

610 24 아산 사회 복지 사업 재단 $x Finance $v Periodicals.
610 20 Asan Sahoe Pokchi Saŏp Chaedan $x Finance $v Periodicals.
 Both subdivisions are listed in H 1105, and Finance is listed in 1095 referring
also Appropriations and expenditures.
Scope notes from the H 1105 instruction for Finance reads as follows. Finance - Use
under names of individual nongovernmental corporate bodies for discussions of their
budgets and the raising and expenditure of funds. Also use under individual government
agencies for works limited to their management of nonappropriated funds. Use –
Appropriations and expenditures under names of individual government agencies
and institutions for discussions of their financial affairs.
Always follow the scope notes and check H 1095 list for form subdivisions.
3.12.4 Titles as Subjects (630)
Subdivisions in H 1155.8 can be used under titles of secular classics. For titles of
individual sacred works or scriptures of all religions, including their individual parts, use
instruction sheet H 1188. Some of the subdivisions listed in H 1095, for example, –
Bibliography or –Exhibitions. –Concordances or –Sources are authorized for use
under literary works (author-title (H 1155.6)) and title entries (H 1155.8)) according to
the scope notes.
630 04 춘향전 $x Concordances.

630 00 Ch'unhyang chŏn $x Concordances.
3.12.5 Literary Works Entered Under Authors (600)
Use any subdivision in instruction sheet H 1155.6. For general criticism and interpretation
of a work, provide the author-title entry without any subdivision. To bring out other aspects
of literary analysis pertaining to an individual work, assign additional headings from the H
1110 list if appropriate. See section 600 (personal name headings as subject) above.
600 14 이 광수, $d 1892-1950. $t 무정 $x Criticism, Textual.

600 10 Yi, Kwang-su, $d 1892-1950. $t Mujŏng $x Criticism, Textual.
Chapter 3 159
3.12.6 Groups of Literary Authors (650)
Use any subdivision in instruction sheet H 1155.2. The specific period subdivisions under
the Authors, Korean in the subject authority file also can be used. The topical and form
subdivisions in the H 1155.2 list as well as subdivisions from the H 1100 list can be used
under the heading Authors, Korean where there is no conflict.
650 #0 Authors, Korean $y 20th century $x Political and social views.

650 #0 Authors, Korean $y Middle Korean, 935-1500 $v Biography.
‘20th century’ and ‘Political and social views’ are from instruction sheet H 1155.2.
‘Middle Korean, 935-1500’ is from subject authority record under ‘Authors, Korean.’
‘Biography' is from the instruction sheet H 1100.
3.12.7 Classes of Persons (650, 610, 651)
Use instruction sheet H 1100 subdivisions under subject headings for classes of persons,
including age and sex groups; social, economic, and political categories of persons; types
of afflicted persons; members of particular religions; employees and occupational groups;
etc. Examples: Youth; Women; Fathers; Poor; Political prisoners; People with mental
disabilities, etc. The category includes headings for classes of persons that are
formulated with subdivisions used under names of places or individual corporate bodies,
for example, Korea (South) $x Officials and employees; Koryŏ Taehakkyo $x Students
(H 1151 list). Headings for social classes, collective social groupings, ethnic groups and
nationalities are excluded.
In the event of a conflict between an established subject heading and a subdivision on this
list, use the established heading unless a decision has been made to update or change all
headings of that type, e.g., Child abuse, not Children $x Abuse of.
650 #0 Women $z Korea (South) $z Cheju T'ŭkpyŏl Chach'ido $x Attitudes.

610 24 고려 대학교 $x Students $x Attitudes.
610 20 Koryŏ Taehakkyo $x Students $x Attitudes.

3.12.8 Ethnic Groups (650)
Use the H 1103 instruction sheet for applying subdivisions under ethnic groups, including
preliterate groups, historic people no longer in existence, races, and ethnic groups in the
United States.
Subdivisions on this list may be used under headings for nationalities only to express
topics in conjunction with those nationalities outside their native countries, for
example, Koreans $z United States $x Economic conditions; Koreans $x Mental
health $z United States.
NATIONALITIES: Do not subdivide headings for nationalities by subdivisions on this list

to designate a topic in conjunction with a nationality in its own country. Instead, express the
topic by headings of the type: [topic]–[place] or [place]–[topic], for example, Mental
health $z Korea, not Koreans $x Mental health; Korea $x Antiquities, not Koreans $x
Antiquities.
3.12.9 Other General Topical Headings (650)
Use the authorized topical heading from the subject authority file. Use subdivisions from
instruction sheet H 1095 when appropriate.
650 #0 Koreanists $z United States $v Directories.
3.12.10 Geographic Name Headings (651)
Use the authorized heading from the Name Authority File, if it is available. The free
floating subdivision lists are in SHM H 1140 for names of places and in H 1145.5 for
bodies of water. Certain free floating subdivisions are used only under countries and
regions larger than countries, e.g., $x Armed forces. Certain free floating subdivisions are
used only under cities and city sections. e.g., $x Buildings, structures, etc. Certain free
floating subdivisions are used only under regions larger than countries, e.g., Economic
integration.
Use any chronological subdivisions listed in instruction sheet H 1140 list where there is
no conflict with chronological subdivisions established in the subject authority file.
Korea $x History $y 21st century.
Chapter 3 161
Korea $x Social conditions $y 18th century.
Korea (South) $x Armed forces.
East Asia $x Economic integration.
Seoul (Korea) $x Buildings, structures, etc.
3.12.11 Use of Geographic Subdivisions, Korea, Korea (South), Korea

(North), Local Places
Use topical heading (650) with geographic subdivisions Korea (South), Korea (North), or
Korea. Korea (South) is used for coverage after 1948 about South Korea. Korea (North)
is used for coverage after 1948 about North Korea. Korea covers the entire Korean
peninsula in current times and before 1948. If a resource discusses a topic of a local place,
provide the second level by assigning geographic subdivisions. Follow the form in the
781 tag in the name authority record. Use local geographic subdivision under Korea
(South) or Korea (North) which are the two current geographic headings. ‘Korea’ is not
used if a local place name is needed.
Ports $z Korea (South) $z Pusan, not Ports $z Korea $z Pusan.
3.12.12 Korean Art Headings
Use the authorized heading from the subject authority file. Use the period subdivisions
listed below (instruction sheet H 1148) under headings for art forms qualified by the
adjective Korean, e.g., Art, Korean; Sculpture, Korean; Painting, Korean; Pottery, Korean.
Use additional art specific form and topical subdivisions in H 1148 and the appropriate
subdivision in H 1095 can be added following the period subdivisions. See instruction
sheet H 1250 (Art and fine arts) for further explanation.
Period subdivisions
$y To 935
$y To 1900
$y Koryŏ period, 935-1392
$y Chosŏn dynasty, 1392-1910
$y 20th century
$y 21st century
650 #0 Painting, Korean $y Chosŏn dynasty, 1392-1910 $v Exhibitions.

Chapter 4
Information Literacy, Faculty Liaison, Community
Outreach and Reference Tools
at North American Korean Studies Libraries
4.1. Introduction
By Hana Kim1
This chapter will guide librarians who deal with user groups in the field of Korean
Studies when performing information literacy instruction, reference, and faculty liaison
and community outreach activities.
By delivering information literacy services, a Korean Studies librarian can foster

successful information seeking and lifelong learning of students and faculty by
developing practical skills in acquiring, evaluating, and effectively using information
from multiple sources in Korean and English languages.
A Korean Studies librarian may hold a general library instruction, a hands-on workshop
(e.g., Korean electronic resources, library catalog search), and a customized class session.
Through these meaningful library instruction activities, one may create new relationships
and enrich existing ones with faculty, and work collaboratively with them on information
literacy planning. In addition, a Korean Studies librarian can help students learn critical
thinking and research skills by providing web-based information literacy tutorials through
a university's course management system or their library’s website, and by developing
online research guides (e.g., LibGuides).
1
Korean Studies Librarian, Cheng Yu Tung East Asian Library, University of Toronto(As of September
2014, Head, Asian Library, University of British Columbia).
Chapter 4 163
Besides teaching information literacy sessions and providing reference and research
assistance to faculty and students, as a faculty liaison librarian, a Korean Studies librarian
participates in the intellectual life of their institution’s Korean Studies scholars. As a true
partner for their academic success, one should deeply engage with faculty and students in
discipline-related activities (e.g., compiling a bibliography together, collaborating on a
grant application, an exhibition, or a conference). Furthermore, reaching out to the local
community can be very beneficial for one’s library in terms of building networks and
potential fundraising.
When handling difficult-to-answer reference or research questions or locating certain

resources, a Korean Studies librarian can benefit from several virtual reference services,
such as the Ask a Korean Studies Librarian! Service provided by a group of Korean
Studies librarians in North America, inkslib (International Network for Korean Studies
Librarians), offered by the National Library of Korea, and the National Assembly
Library’s reference service program.
This chapter also contains basic reference sources (in-print only) on Korean Studies. This
will help you to get started in exploring the wonders of Korean Studies.

4.2. Library Instruction/Information Literacy, LibGuide,
Lib Catalog Search
By Jude Yang2
4.2.1 Library Instruction/Information Literacy
Information literacy refers to curriculum-related or course-integrated instructional

programs designed to teach library users how to locate the information they need quickly
and effectively. Also called “library instruction,” “library use instruction,” or
“bibliographic instruction,” the information literacy or library instruction program in
American academic libraries has been developed to reflect American educational values,
experiences, and commitments, and to support higher education curriculum and research
in particular.
The Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) provides extensive

information on information literacy. According to the ACRL, information literacy refers
to a set of skills allowing individuals to “recognize when information is needed and have
the ability to locate, evaluate, and effectively use the needed information.”3 These days,
because of the unprecedented and constantly increasing amount of information we have
access to, information literacy is more important. Because of this increasing information
complexity, library users, students, and researchers are more likely than ever to need
library instruction to help them access all of the information available to them, evaluate
and understand that material they do gather, and more importantly, to decide what
information is reliable.
To be an information literate individual, students should be able to determine what kind

of and how much information they need, how to access this information, how to evaluate
its sources, how to use the information to their benefit, and also be able to use the
information in an ethical and legal manner. Librarians can help students learn how to
figure out what information is needed, develop strategies to search for the material using
2
Korea Studies Librarian, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa
3
American Library Association, “Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher
Education, 2000.” http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/informationliteracycompetency (accessed
April 26, 2014).
Chapter 4 165
specific databases, maximize web resources, distinguish between primary and secondary
sources, distinguish between scholarly and popular materials, and ultimately organize,
properly document, and evaluate all of these materials in a beneficial but efficient manner.
Most academic libraries in America provide library instruction sessions for first-year
students to help them understand the research process, locate a variety of materials on
specific subjects, and explore electronic information resources. Many college students
nowadays are familiar with electronic resources and high technologies. They might ask
why library instruction is necessary when they can ‘just Google it.’ However, eventually
these students realize that just ‘Googling’ is not sufficient for more complex research.
Head and Eisenberg reported that students often indicate academic research is more
difficult to conduct in this digital age. According to them, one key factor for this
difficulty is information overload.4 Again according to this article, for many students the
most challenging part of any research assignment is just getting started. Assistance at this
initial stage can help students navigate the entire research process.
Information literacy instruction can be given as either single, one-time session or

semester-long sessions, and in terms of size, either in small group sessions or to a whole
class. Compared to general library instruction sessions, class instruction is more focused
toward particular course subjects. Course instructors may request to have a formal subject
librarian or faculty liaison provide instruction session(s) to their students. The librarian
works with the instructor to develop tailored methods to incorporate information literacy
into the course itself, including aspects of the course such as objectives, learning
outcomes, and assignments. Some academic libraries offer semester-long instruction,
where the faculty liaison librarian attends all classes for the semester and provides
targeted instruction throughout the semester as arranged with the instructor. More
detailed information regarding faculty liaison librarians will be given later in this chapter.
The importance of library instruction is particularly emphasized in instances of
instruction related to specific topics or regions, where the results of consulting a librarian
are expected to be more prominent.
4
See A.J. Head and M.B. Eisenberg, “Finding Context: What Today’s College Students Say about
Conducting Research in the Digital Age.” Information Technology and Libraries 31 no.1 (2012): 21-31.

4.2.1.1 Library Instruction on Resources in Korean Studies
Similarly to other regional studies, the area of Korean Studies as classified by region and
topic requires more library instruction, due to its specificity of language and specialized
topics. Even within Korean Studies, instruction on how to search for and access suitable
materials according to many different classifications of topics is indispensable to students
and researchers in Korean Studies. In addition, the importance of having a guide to
searching for material in the vernacular language is another reason why offering library
instruction is crucial.
When preparing library instruction regarding Korean Studies materials, it is important to be

aware of a number of things beforehand. First, you should be aware of the target audience
of your instruction. Depending on whether you are assisting an undergraduate or graduate
student, the type of content that you present to the student or how you decide to guide the
student in his or her research may differ. In most cases, instructing an undergraduate
student means teaching the student general search methods and introducing them to easy-to-
use search tools, or helping the student become more familiar with using the library system
as a whole. On the other hand, when instructing a graduate student who is already focusing
on a more specific topic of research, you may choose to give the student more variable
material, or place emphasis on more in-depth search methods. Next, it is also useful to be
aware of the level of your target’s command of language or language fluency. This is due to
the fact that in cases where the student prefers to work with Korean over English materials,
or in cases where the reverse is true, there will be differences in how you should introduce
materials or search methods to the student. Although most cases will fall within the
guidelines of what I have written above, as the size of the student body increases or you
begin working on a larger scale of instruction, you may choose to attempt many different
practice activities and instructional methods.
Overall, the important elements of library instruction for Korean Studies resources are: 1)
instruction of material that is directly related to Korean Studies, including journals, online
databases, bibliographies, websites and other types of material and their differing
characteristics, and how to access these materials; 2) how to use various catalogs at
different libraries in order to search for material, and more generally, what these different
catalogs may be and how to use them. In terms of Korean materials, the librarian’s
assistance is necessary when searching for vernacular materials using different catalogs.
Not only is it important to have a basic knowledge and understanding of cataloging systems
Chapter 4 167
that use Romanization, it is also important to know how to search for materials using
Hangŭl (Korean script), Romanized Korean, or Hancha (Chinese characters). Furthermore,
different libraries may use different catalogs, making it important for the librarian to be able
to inform the student how to use each catalog in order to maximize search results. If a one-
time class instruction session is not enough to fully inform the student of the best methods
for searching for Korean vernacular material, it is up to the librarians to make themselves
available for individual instruction should any further inquiries arise.
For these reasons, some universities may request that their librarians teach a semester-
long course regarding such subjects as research methods or bibliographies, particularly in
relation to Chinese, Japanese, and Korean and other regional studies.
4.2.2 LibGuides
Various techniques are used by librarians to help make the instructional sessions more
efficient. The most revolutionary instructional technologies of the past two decades are, in
fact, the computer and Internet, because they make so many other types of instructional
technologies possible. These additional instructional technologies include educational
software, multimedia productions, course management systems, and web-based instruction
and online tutorials. Currently, web-based research guides such as Pathfinders, Subject
Guides, LibGuides, and so on are extensively used as instruction tools. Subject-based
research guides have a long history in libraries that predates the Web as a service delivery
mechanism. By the mid-2000s, it was rare to find a library that did not offer research guides
available on its website. LibGuide is a very prominent platform of choice, and many libraries
have migrated from a previous system, mostly HTML pages, to LibGuides. LibGuides are
published not only as instructional guides, but also as course pages, general information
about the library, and even information regarding special collections. The major advantage
of using LibGuides is that no technical knowledge is needed to publish useful content.
Librarians of any skill level can use the program right out of the box and create a subject-
specific page. Furthermore, the program has advanced features such as APIs or widget
builders to mix and match content. Another advantage is that any content created using
LibGuides—a link, file, box, page or guide—is reusable and sharable, so librarians can
create reusable templates and build shareable content pieces like a Catalog Search box or a
list of Database links. LibGuides offers a 30-day free trial, which can be easily accessed.5
5
http://springshare.com/trial.html

The majority of Korean-studies guides are made using LibGuides. Among those
collections, there are cases like the University of Hawaii at Manoa, which use the
LibGuide instead of a collection website. There are also cases where a collection website
exists separately from LibGuide, which is used just as a library guide. There are even
cases where an institute has no Korean library, but still has Korean Studies guides made
using LibGuide. This is likely due to the fact that, as mentioned earlier, the existing
content made using LibGuide can be shared and reused by other users.
Looking at the structure of the pages, generally most pages have categories such as
“General Information on Korean Studies,” “Finding Books,” “Articles,” “Databases,” and
so on, which are made into tabs. Most Korean Studies LibGuide pages commonly place
emphasis on the finding of Korean language materials, and in particular, guides about
searching for Korean language books.
<Image 1. An example of a LibGuide that provides detailed information

about Romanization (University of Toronto Library).>
Chapter 4 169
< Image 2. An example of a LibGuide that includes a video tutorial on how to search
for Korean materials (Georgetown University Library).>
LibGuides can be made for specific courses. In order to allow students taking the course
to be able to access the material efficiently and get the most use out of the LibGuide, the
guide should prioritize material related to the class and topical instruction. To make the
guide more effective, a close consultation with the course instructor regarding the course
syllabus and requests for guides on specific material is needed.
<Image 3. An example of a LibGuide created with a specific course and

course material as its focus (University of Hawaii at Manoa Library).>

With LibGuide, it is possible to publish pages about programs that librarians are involved
or interested in, library events, or other creative topics that cover various different areas
for different patrons.
<Image 4. A LibGuide made for Korean language learning (Duke University Library).>
<Image 5. A LibGuide about Korean popular culture (University of Washington Library).>
Chapter 4 171
4.2.3 Library Catalog Searches
A library catalog (or catalogue) is a register of all bibliographic information found in a

library or a library network, including the library’s catalog and books, computer files,
webpage links, and other various types of bibliographic information. Since 1975, when
Ohio State University was the first to start using large-scale online catalogs, the
previously existing card catalog systems at most libraries have been replaced by the
Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC). Although different libraries may use different
online catalogs, and search methods may differ according to each library, there are some
overall commonalities as well. However, in the case of Korean Studies materials, it is
necessary to consider some differences when searching for materials using different
online catalogues. In order to understand OPAC, it is necessary to understand the library
management system that provides the information that makes up OPAC.
4.2.3.1 Integrated Library System (ILS)
Most libraries use an Integrated Library System (ILS) to manage the library and to
complete various tasks. ILS is also sometimes referred to as a Library Management
System (LMS). Although one of the major advantages of using ILS is the easy and
effective management of the library through a consolidated system, there is also the
inconvenience of needing continual program maintenance from the companies that
provide ILS, such as Ex Libris or SirsiDynix, etc. Recently, 19 universities, including the
University of Chicago, have come together in order to develop an ILS called Kulie Ole
Library Open Environment. A group composed of programmers from the participating
libraries, system managers, and external specialists plan for this program to be
commercially available beginning in summer 2014.
ILS is usually composed of two user interfaces—one for library staff and the other for
library patrons. One interface is the module used by the staff of various departments:
Acquisitions may use it to perform tasks like ordering, receiving, and invoicing materials;
Cataloging will use it to classify and index library materials; Circulation will use it to
lend and receive materials to and from patrons; while Serials will use it to track journal
and newspaper holdings. Then, there is OPAC, which is the public interface for library
users. That is to say, it is the library catalog that patrons use to search for materials and it
is the only public interface for users in ILS.

As a result, depending on which ILS a library is using, the methods of searching for
material using that library’s catalog may differ. This is why specific guides for each library
regarding proper search methods are necessary. Not only that, even if libraries use the same
ILS, depending on circumstances and the individual library, the OPAC that users interact
with may be different. For example, the University of Hawaii, Columbia University, and
Yale University all use Voyager, but their OPACs are called Voyager, Clio, and Orbis,
respectively, and there are differences in the display and search methods used for each of
these systems.
4.2.3.2 Searching for Korean Studies Materials in Library Catalogs
When searching for Korean Studies material, especially material written in the Korean
language, there are a number of search methods that can be employed. Korean-language
materials available at North American library institutions are cataloged in both Korean
script and Romanization (either using the ALA-LC Romanization and Word Division
System or the McCune-Reischauer system).6
 Searching using Hangŭl: Although searching using Hangŭl (Korean script) may
be the ideal situation for users who are more familiar with Korean, when
compared to searching by Romanization, it still has many limitations. Depending
on the catalog, the entering of inventory into library catalogs using Hangŭl
Korean script is a fairly recent development. As a result, searching by Hangŭl
may not bring up older entries that were input via Romanization. Not only that,
there are still unresolved technical issues which can also limit the extent of the
results of searching by Hangŭl. Finally, when searching by Hangŭl, the problem
of proper spacing from catalog to catalog is another issue that can affect search
results.
For example, when searching for the title “신문 기사로 본 조선 영화” using
Hangŭl, according to what system you are using, the same title words may need
to be entered but with different spacing in order to pull up this same item.
According to what system you are using, this search query might be:
6
Please refer to the Romanization and word division/cataloging chapter.
Chapter 4 173
‘신문(space)기사로(space)본(space)조선(space)영화’
‘신문(space)기사(space)로(space)본(space)조선(space)영화’
‘신문기사로본조선영화’
‘신문(space)기사’
In other instances, depending on the library catalog, the spacing of the Hangŭl
characters may not be an issue at all.
 Searching using Romanization: Searching by Romanization is the most effective

method to locate Korean Studies materials for several reasons, as mentioned
above. The McCune-Reischauer Romanization system is based on the
pronunciation of Korean script, which is different from the official Revised
Romanization system in Korea. The patron will need to use correct Romanization
to retrieve Korean materials in the catalog or search tool. Therefore, the better
mastery a user has of the ALA-LC Romanization and McCune-Reischauer
system the more effective his or her search will be.
 Searching for material in Hancha: Although this is no longer very common in

recent years, there may still be materials that have titles written in Hancha. In this
case, the titles will have been entered into the catalog as Chinese characters, and
therefore cannot be found using Hangŭl. In other words, even a search using the
Hangŭl equivalent of the Hancha in question will not bring up the item. For
example, when searching for the title “20세기韓國文學의이해,” a search using
the Hangŭl “20세기 한국문학의 이해” will not bring up the desired result.
However, in this case you could find this item through a search using
Romanization: “20-segi hanguk numhak ui ihae.” This is another area that will
need to be further explained through library instruction.
When searching for Korean Studies material not limited to materials in Korean, it is
helpful to use such methods as:
 Searching by Subject (for example entering “short stories-- Korean”);
 Searching by Keyword and including Korea as a search phrase (for example

entering (literature) AND (Korea*)), and so on.

It may be helpful to prepare separate search manuals for different catalogs explaining the
most efficient search methods depending on what material a patron are trying to find.
This would be a helpful step not only for the librarian to use as a personal reference, but
also to assist the librarian in instructing library patrons.
4.2.3.3 Major Catalogs for Korean Studies
 WorldCat (World Catalog) www.worldcat.org
WorldCat is the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) catalog of books, web
resources, and other material worldwide, and is a union catalog of most major
libraries in North America.
If the item you are searching for is located in a specific library, WorldCat
provides a direct link to that library for the location information, such as call
number, specific library or collection location, loan status, and so on. In addition,
one of the major advantages of WorldCat is that searching by Hangŭl is both
effective and convenient. For libraries that are using WorldCat in conjunction
with a library catalog, assisting patrons looking for Korean material to use
WorldCat first to locate material available at certain libraries may also be a good
method of helping patrons who are unfamiliar with using Romanization.
 Library of Congress Online Catalog http://catalog.loc.gov
The Library of Congress Online Catalog contains approximately 14 million

records of various types of materials. The catalog includes Romanized records for
Chinese, Japanese, Korean and other language material cataloged since 1984.
Korean language records are cataloged using a Romanized script, while the
information such as author, title, publisher fields, etc. are also provided in Korean
characters.
 Dibrary http://www.dibrary.net/
Dibrary is the online, integrated search catalog for the National Library of Korea.
Using this catalog, it is possible to search through all the material held by the
National Library of Korea, the material held by public libraries linked to the
National Library of Korea throughout the country, and all of the archived records
throughout the country as well.
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 National Assembly Digital Library
http://www.nanet.go.kr/03_dlib/01_datasearch/datasearch.jsp
This is the online catalog for the National Assembly Library. Using this catalog,
it is possible to search for materials held by the National Assembly Library in
addition to government publications and documents published by the Korean
National Assembly. Depending on whether or not there is an agreement between
the specific library and the National Assembly Library, some overseas libraries
may have full-text access to this catalog.
 KOLIS-Network http://www.nl.go.kr/kolisnet/kolis/kolis.php
Korean Library Information System Network is a union catalog of the public

libraries of South Korea including the National Library, the Korea Education and
Research Information Service (KERIS), the National Assembly Library, and
international libraries such as the National Library of Wales, National Library of
Australia, National Library of Canada, etc.
 Digital Library of Korean Studies http://lib.aks.ac.kr/DLiWebeng/
The Academy of Korean Studies (AKS) library (the Changsŏ-gak) specializes in

Korean Studies materials and holds valuable ancient documents that were once
kept at the royal library during Korea’s Chosŏn dynasty (1392-1910). This online
catalog retrieves all materials hosted at Changsŏ-gak, which includes,
bibliographical notes and images of ancient documents, Ph.D. and MA. theses
conferred by the Graduate School of Korean Studies at the AKS, and research
materials published by AKS. Some databases also include audio materials.
 RISS http://www.riss.kr/index.do
This online catalog is provided by the Korea Education and Research Information
Service (KERIS). It is a union catalog of all the research resources published,
held, and subscribed to by all academic libraries in Korea.

4.3. Faculty Liaison and Community Outreach Activities
By Hana Kim7
4.3.1 Faculty Liasion
The essence of the faculty liaison librarian’s primary role is to link, by facilitating
communication, between the academic community and the library, between students and
the library, and between the library and the wider world of information. Thus, a faculty
liaison librarian works with an academic unit (e.g., a department or faculty) to ensure that
the library-related needs (around research, teaching, and collections) of the unit’s faculty
members and graduate students are met.
In this section, teaching and instruction-related liaison activities will not be covered, as
these activities have already been dealt with in another article in this chapter.
In each university, the Korean Studies unit may differ in its culture and traditions, so the
details of a library liaison relationship will vary. However, the bottom line is that any
faculty or students in Korea-related studies in an institution can receive customized
services for any questions by contacting a designated Korean Studies liaison librarian in
their institution. This is similar to faculty liaison activities in other area studies such as
Chinese Studies, Japanese Studies, Slavic Studies, Latin American Studies, etc.
Besides providing information literacy sessions and research assistance to faculty and
graduate students, a Korean Studies librarian may typically practice the following liaison
activities:
 Communicating (electronically or at a meeting) each term with the faculty and

graduate students in the field of Korean Studies to provide information and seek
feedback on such themes as:
o new resources (in various formats) available through the library
o new library services
o library learning opportunities for faculty and students
7
Korean Studies Librarian, Cheng Yu Tung East Asian Library, University of Toronto(As of September
2014, Head, Asian Library, University of British Columbia).
Chapter 4 177
o developments in scholarly communications (e.g., copyright, publishing,
open access)
 Informing the faculty and graduate students of any developments in the library
that may be relevant to the faculty and graduates’ work whenever they occur
 Contacting new faculty members to introduce them to the library’s resources and
services, and to learn their specific needs
To meet emerging needs of faculty and graduate students within an ever-challenging

economic climate, Korean Studies librarians should strategically develop and provide
more proactive and creative methods that may be used in their faculty liaison activities.
The following activities are some ideas, selected either from the suggesting reading
resources listed in the end of the faculty liaison section, or from successful past/current
practices at the University of Toronto, where I serve, and from other institutions.
4.3.1.1 Meeting your Faculty
Librarians are encouraged to talk with the faculty members in their assigned areas
frequently (Jones 2013).
 Invite them to: lunch, a new faculty reception, or an appropriate library event
Creating relationships with an assigned liaison area and building quality relationships
with faculty members and graduate students on campus are crucial elements in a
successful liaison.
Many university libraries in the United States and Canada provide a welcome
reception or a similar event for newly hired faculty or graduate students each fall. For
example, the University of Toronto Libraries have been annually holding a Wine &
Cheese Reception for all incoming Ph.D. students and faculty members. There would
be many different ways of organizing such an event, but the University of Toronto
Libraries matched any new Ph.D. students and faculty members with their subject
area faculty liaison librarians and intentionally made them mingle together during the
event. It provides an opportunity for new Ph.D. students and faculty members to
discover how the University of Toronto Libraries can help support their research and
teaching and at the same time each faculty liaison librarian can be introduced to their

new user groups and start to build an important partner relationship for the coming
years. If this sort of reception or meeting is not yet established at your institution, you
can suggest such an idea to your library’s administration or your faculty liaison
committee, or your library department can try out such an initiative on its own.
A wine & cheese reception for new PhD students and faculty
at the University of Toronto Libraries
(Photo Credit: Laura Anderson)
 Meet with candidates for department positions to discuss what resources would
be available to them.
Being involved with candidates who are interviewing for faculty, post-doctoral, and
graduate student positions is one of the excellent ways to become acquainted with
potential library users. Depending on each institution’s practices or policy, there may
be a number of different approaches to being involved in such a process: being a part
of a hiring committee, attending a job talk, providing a subject library tour to
candidates, or having a meeting with candidates. For example, the University of
Toronto Libraries provide a customized subject library tour for faculty candidates as a
mandatory part of the job interview process. This has been proven to be an invaluable
opportunity for faculty liaison librarians to find out about the candidates’ research
interests, and what they are accustomed to using at their previous or current
Chapter 4 179
institution. As for the candidates, they benefit from this experience by learning about
the highlights of the library collection and services. If they become hired, they
immediately become library users, as they already know what the library has to offer
them and they already have a connection with their faculty liaison librarian who
understands their teaching and research needs.
4.3.1.2 Building Relationships
 Get on the department's listserv or distribution list.
Ask to be added to departmental email lists or collect Korean Studies-related

academic unit’s listservs on campus, including faculty and graduate students.
Additionally, creating your own mailing list from identified user groups in Korean
Studies can be a good investment. These tools can be used as a major communication
channel for promoting the library’s new resources, services, events, or providing
other important information.
 Attend events sponsored by Korean Studies-related academic unit (e.g., East

Asian Studies Department, Center for Korean Studies).
According to a study conducted by Arendt and Lotts (2012, 155-177), being visible
on campus and throughout the department ranked sixth on the list of “most important
things for liaisons to do”.
Attending events (e.g., book launches, colloquiums, term kickstart or term-end parties)
organized in the assigned subject area is one way of showing your interest and
availability towards your user group. Frequently, faculty and graduate students will
receive their liaison services while conversing casually with their faculty liaison
librarian at an event, not at the library.
 Cultivate faculty and graduate students who already use the library to become
your advocates.
It is vital to dedicate your time to building relationships with faculty and graduate
students who are frequent library users. When there are difficult times in libraries
(e.g., budget cuts (in collection or human resources), expensive e-resources

subscriptions, etc.), these user groups can become lifelong library advocates and
supporters. This relationship will also make the user groups understand that their
faculty liaison librarians are their best advocates in the libraries, as on-campus the
librarians are the ones who try to ensure that the diverse needs of the user groups are
met. The endeavors towards building a strong relationship with faculty and graduate
students can turn out to be a true win-win situation.
4.3.1.3 Communicating Professionally
 Congratulate faculty and graduate students on their publications, grant funding,

etc.
For librarians to be successful liaisons, monitor your user group’s research and
scholarship activities by reading newsletters, listservs’ messages (e.g., koreanStudies
Moderated Korean Studies Internet Discussion List, H-NEAsia, H-Asia,
EASIANTH), journals (e.g., The Journal of Asian Studies, The Journal of Korean
Studies, Acta Koreana) and praise their achievements (e.g., promotions, publications,
translations, grant funding opportunities, awards).
 Write an introductory letter to faculty members and graduate students.
Often when the faculty members or graduate students visit libraries in Korea for their
research, these libraries request them to submit an introductory letter from a Korean
Studies librarian or a library director of their own institution. This service is a great
way to directly support the faculty and graduate students’ research.
 Ask faculty to include the contact information of the Korean Studies librarian in
their syllabi.
This is a simple step to indicate the Korean Studies librarian at an institution is one of
the key persons for the students’ academic success in their courses. This also enables
close coordination and collaboration with teaching faculty and senior graduate
students.
Chapter 4 181
4.3.1.4 Tailoring to Faculty Interests
 Keep a profile on each faculty and Ph.D. student's research interests and
accomplishments.
This may be a time consuming activity; however, it is worthwhile to compile,

because this profile plays a big role in supporting those you serve. This tool clearly
provides a history of each client’s research interests and teaching and can serve as a
quick reference note for you. If your clientele is very large in size, you may begin
selectively in terms of compiling the profiles and later expand the scope.
 Survey faculty regarding what liaison services they use or need.
Checking regularly (e.g., yearly or bi-annually) with faculty and graduate students on
what liaison services work and do not work is a necessary reality-check routine. On
the other hand, you may want to perform a survey or an evaluation with faculty each
term after the completion of any courses that you and the faculty made any
collaborative efforts on. This way you can review your services immediately in order
to better assist and support your user groups in the next round.
 Work with faculty in designing distance education courses.
Distance education is planned learning that normally occurs in a different location

from teaching, and as a result requires special techniques of course design, special
instructional techniques, special methods of communication by electronic and other
technology, as well as special organizational and administrative arrangements (Moore
and Kearsley 1996, 2).
Faculty liaison librarians can be important collaborators for faculty who teach
distance education courses. Partnership between the two groups is especially essential
during the planning phase of such courses. Identification of appropriate online library
resources is a vital component to the legitimacy and ultimate success of distance
courses (Jenkins 2005, 82).
Distance learning courses may not be so common in the field of Korean Studies yet;
however, as in recent years more and more world-leading universities have been
offering Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), faculty liaison librarians for
Korean Studies should try to prepare for this growing interest and technology. In fact,

Harvard University has already begun to offer MOOCs on Chinese Studies through
edX. Some other institutions have also begun offering courses on area studies.
Furthermore, this exciting recent development in higher education may allow
colleges and universities to offer courses and faculty support for their students in
departments where they lag behind, for example, in Korean Studies. As this is a
growing area that teaching faculty will continue to explore, it can be an opportunity
for Korean Studies librarians to partner with teaching faculty to support and assist in
designing online courses in Korean Studies by providing information on relevant
library resources and use of copyrighted material for instruction.
In addition, many universities in North America offer continuing education programs

via distance learning. This is an area in which Korean Studies librarians may find a
potential for collaboration with teaching faculty. There are some foreign language or
translation distance learning courses (e.g., Korean language) offered in such
continuing education programs. Although this particular user group may be much
smaller than your regular client base, the faculty liaison librarians should try to
continuously challenge themselves by being proactive in finding new clienteles and
providing adequate support.
4.3.1.5 Collaborating with Faculty
 Team-teach a class.
Team-teaching a class is an effective way of collaborating with faculty. This can be

done by a Korean Studies librarian with faculty, or also by a group of East Asian
Studies librarians, depending on the subject matter. Often, group team-teaching is
useful for general East Asian Studies courses having a Korean, Japanese and Chinese
Studies component to the courses. This group team-teaching can later be developed
with individual teaching or tutoring by each subject liaison librarian as the course
progresses during the term.
 Work together on a bibliography.
Compiling a bibliography of a certain subject area or a collection of the library

together with faculty is a perfect opportunity for collaboration. Faculty will be able to
get to know what a faculty liaison librarian can do, and they will see their faculty
liaison librarian as a valued colleague and resource at the institution.
Chapter 4 183
A good example of building a bibliography jointly done by a faculty member and a Korean
Studies librarian is Korean History: A Bibliography (www.hawaii.edu/korea/biblio)
compiled by Kenneth R. Robinson of International Christian University. It is maintained by
the University of Hawaii's Center for Korean Studies.
 Collaborate on a grant, an exhibition, or a conference.
Preparing a grant application, either faculty-driven or library-driven, (e.g., collection

digitization project, information literacy instruction, lecture series) or an exhibition is
an opportunity for a productive partnership between faculty and library.
Here are some actual examples of successful collaborations between faculty and
library:
1. At the University of Toronto, the Centre for the Study of Korea held the
inaugural University of Toronto Korea Day Cultural Fair in 2013. As one of the
co-organizers, the University’s Cheng Yu Tung East Asian Library presented
highlights of the Korean Collection at a book display booth in order to increase
awareness of library resources on Korean Studies and to promote the library’s
services to on-campus and external users in other universities, and to high school
students who are interested in Korea and Korean culture.
The Korean Book Booth

at the inaugural University of Toronto Korea Day Cultural Fair
(Photo Credit: Jay Seo)

2. At the University of Washington, with the support of the Department of Asian
Language & Literature and the Korean Studies Program of the Henry M. Jackson
School of International Studies, a visiting scholar and the East Asia Library
developed an exhibition, entitled “Between Liberation Space and Time of Need” in
2007. It showcased the works of Korean writers, artists and scholars from 1945-
1950.
3. At Stanford University, in 2012 the East Asia Library had an exhibition of photos
and selected books related to humanitarian assistance for North Korea (the
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea). The photos were taken by Katharina
Zellweger, who was the 2011-2012 Pantech Fellow in Korean Studies at the
institution.
4. At Columbia University, in 2012 the C.V. Starr East Asian Library co-hosted,
along with the Center for Korean Research, a one-full day Conant Collection
symposium entitled, "The Korean War and its Aftermath: Cinematic Memories
from the Theodore Conant Collection", showcasing the library’s recently
acquired Theodore Richard Conant Collection.
5. At the University of California, Berkeley, in 2013, the C.V. Starr East Asian
Library co-sponsored, along with the Center for Korean Studies, a one-day event,
entitled “International Conference on the Technology and Development of Metal
Movable-Type Printing and Print Culture in East Asia”.
In conclusion, the librarian who understands and speaks the “language” of a specific
discipline will communicate more effectively with the scholars in the discipline (Yang
and Frank 1999, 10). Korean Studies librarians as liaison librarians should continuously
and comprehensively learn of scholarship in Korean studies and try to keep abreast of the
current trends of the field as a key partner for faculty and students.
By using the activities listed above and the aid of a creative mind, this will enable Korean
Studies librarians to successfully demonstrate their value to their institutions and become
invaluable partners for faculty and graduate students.
Chapter 4 185
4.3.1.6 Suggested Readings
Holtze, T. “100 ways to reach your faculty” Paper presented at the OLOS preconference
at the American Library Association annual meeting, Atlanta, GA, June 13-14, 2002.
Public Relations and Marketing. “Subject Specialist Liaison Librarians Brochure.” Penn
State University Libraries.
http://www.libraries.psu.edu/content/dam/psul/up/rcr/documents/RCR_Subject_Specialist
_Liaison_Brochure.pdf
The Task Force on Subject Librarian Re-visioning. “Engaging with library users:
sharpening our vision as subject librarians for the Duke University libraries.” Duke
University Library. http://library.duke.edu/sites/default/files/dul/about/subject-librarian-
report-2011.pdf.
4.3.2 Community Outreach
In terms of community outreach, in general, there are two major audiences: 1) the campus
community and 2) the local community.
4.3.2.1 Campus Community Outreach for Undergraduate Students
For a faculty liaison librarian, reaching out to undergraduate students on campus is

another important linking task for the library and the student community. Your target
group in the undergraduate student community may range from students majoring or
minoring in Korean Studies, to those registering one or more courses on Korea, or on to
individuals who are part of Korea-related student associations or university clubs or
members of the campus’s Korean research groups.
A first step in process can be identifying these available groups on campus. Then the next
step can be building a network with them. A librarian can be engaged with students by
attending or sponsoring their events, or having a meeting with the leader of each
association or club.

After finding out who is out there on campus in your area and building a network with
key contacts in student groups, working with them collaboratively on undergraduate-
focused events or projects as part of library initiatives can foster bonds. Some examples
of such activities would be running a Korean language-exchange club or a Korean book
club, or providing a customized library tour on the Korean subject area, preparing a
library exhibit by working with student groups, or co-hosting or sponsoring a speaker
series with student groups.
Providing maximum support while performing these activities is as important as

providing information literacy sessions or reference services, as it is in line with the
library’s mission of helping students reach their highest potential and achieve academic
success.
4.3.2.2 Local Community Outreach
As one of the many job duties of Korean Studies librarians, they are often required to
reach out to their local community. This differs from liaison activities in that it involves
initiatives that aim to reach the general public. Reaching out to the local community can
be very beneficial for your library in terms of building networks and potential fundraising.
 Use a special occasion for promoting your collections
There are various ideas for performing community outreach activities, but one idea
would be organizing some programs or events for the general public.
For example, to celebrate Asian Heritage Month in Canada, the Cheng Yu Tung East
Asian Library of the University of Toronto launched a two-month exhibition,
“Embracing Our Art”, to showcase works by Asian Canadian artists. This eventually
led to a number of art work donations to the library after the exhibition was
completed. As for the event, the library was able to promote its collection on Asian
Canadian arts, immigration history, and cultures.
Likewise, in the United States, many institutions prepare events to celebrate the
Asian-Pacific American Heritage Month in the Month of May each year.
Chapter 4 187
If there are constraints in terms of funding support or manpower, promoting Korean
culture or Korea virtually by using social media or the library websites and featuring
articles or video clips on the library’s Korean collection and services on local media
could be an alternative approach that a library may pursue.
 Guest Lectures
Hosting a guest lecture at libraries is one of the most common types of community
outreach activities. Guest lectures can be organized on a theme per term or academic
year, or on an individual theme per lecture. Depending on a library’s budget, inviting
guest lecturers can stay local in scope or go beyond. In order to minimize costs for
inviting guest lecturers, having an information channel for being alerted yourself of
who will be in town helps greatly. Inviting any important scholars, artists, policy
makers, or other well-known figures who happen to be in town for other occasions
may help overcome your budget constraints for inviting guest lecturers, and also
helps tremendously in promoting your library events to the local community.
At the University of Toronto, the Cheng Yu Tung East Asian Library has been
running numerous guest lectures for the local community as well as the campus
community. The Asian Canadian Lecture Series is one of the examples. The lecture
series included various lecturers from many different fields such as film makers,
writers, scholars, painters, musicians, and journalists.
At the University of Southern California, the Korean Heritage Library has organized
diverse lectures and seminars to reach out the local community. For example, in
2010, they hosted a seminar promoting the Korean language entitled
“Internationalizing Hangul”, by Professor Sangoak Lee of Seoul National University.
 Book Sale
Operating a book sale can be an effective way for libraries to get connected with the
local community. It provides an opportunity to promote the library’s Korean
collection and services, build networks, and most importantly raise money and get rid
of unwanted items at the library, as a lack of space is always a key issue in academic
libraries. The book sale may be arranged annually or more frequently as it suits the
library.

 Gifts and Donations (gifts-in-kind)
Libraries greatly benefit from gifts and donations received from the local community.
This is an excellent way of adding rare, limited, or out-of-print titles to the library’s
collection, and adding missing volumes of serials.
At the University of Toronto, a few local community members’ rare material

donations added great value to the library’s Korean Collection: Min Family
Correspondence Collection, North Korean photographs and media collection, and the
International Human Rights Campaign for South Korea Collection.
At the University of Southern California, its Korean Heritage Library was able to
build a rich Korean Studies collection through gifts and donations from the local
community such as “The Reverend V. W. Peters Collection”, “Henry DeYoung
Collection”, and “Richard Khim Korean American Video Collection”.
Similarly, libraries can also make a donation of any unwanted or duplicate materials
to the local community (e.g., local Korean American Associations, local Korean
Canadian Associations, local Korean churches, and local Korean language schools).
Besides the ideas listed above, hosting storytelling workshops (e.g., Korean traditional or
modern stories), film festivals or movie nights (e.g., South Korean blockbuster movies,
documentaries, North Korean movies), efforts in preserving a local community’s history
by collaborating with the local community (e.g., digitizing Korean local newspapers,
building a database for the local community’s heritage) are some additional initiatives
that may be practiced. Any creative partnership or collaboration with a local community
is a meaningful and rewarding outreach effort that a Korean Studies librarian can make.
In conclusion, knowing and understanding the needs of your undergraduate student

community on campus and of the local community is essential to effectively acting as a
bridge between the library and the respective community. Customizing library services
according to their needs and offering them to those communities will foster a learning
community on Korean Studies, and create a long-term support group for the library and
the Korean collection.
Chapter 4 189
4.3.2.3 Bibliographies
Arendt, J., and M. Lotts. 2012. What liaisons say about themselves and what faculty say
about their liaisons, a U.S. survey. Libraries and the Academy, 12 (2): 155-177.
Jenkins, P. O. 2005. Faculty-librarian relationships. Oxford: Chandos Publishing.
Jones, Cotina. 2013. Tips for Becoming a Successful Academic Librarian Liaison at a
Small College or University. Doody’s Core Titles.
http://www.doody.com/dct/PublicFeaturedArticle.asp?SiteContentID=109 (cited January
10, 2014).
Moore, M., and G. Kearsley. 1996. Distance Education: A Systems View. Belmont, CA:
Wadsworth.
Yang, Julie, and Don Frank. 1999. Working Effectively with Scholars: A Key to
Academic Library Success. Georgia Library Quarterly, 36: 10.

4.4. Ask a Korean Studies Librarian and Other Reference Services
By Hyokyoung Yi8
4.4.1 Ask a Korean Studies Librarian
4.4.1.1 Brief History
In the fall of 2009 the members of the Korean Collections Consortium of North America
(KCCNA) launched the “Ask a Korean Studies Librarian” project. A free-of-charge
virtual professional reference service open to the public on matters related to Korean
Studies, it is the only such resource in North America.
Although the program is still young, the value placed on cooperative reference service
dates back to the early years of the KCCNA, which has a longstanding commitment to
increasing opportunities for resource sharing in order to meet the needs of the fast
growing development of overseas Korean Studies programs. The KCCNA continually
works hard to reach out to institutions with small and medium sized Korean collections in
an attempt to assist their resource needs by making accessible the collections developed
by KCCNA member libraries.
In 2006, KCCNA members held a serious discussion about virtual reference services as a
part of their initiative to increase the use of the Korean Studies collections they had
purchased9. At first, there was some concern about duplicating the services offered by
“Ask An East Asian Studies Librarian,” a virtual reference desk for general questions on
East Asian Studies run by the Council of East Asia Librarians’ group. However, the
KCCNA hoped that its virtual reference service would raise awareness of such services
within the Korean studies community, which indeed it did. In addition, the collaborative
virtual reference service enables librarians to provide assistance to Korean researchers
whose home institutions do not have a Korean studies librarian. As a result, the service
transcends geographic and time zone differences.
8
Korean Studies Librarian and Head of Public Services at East Asia Library, University of Washington
9
KCCNA minutes 2006
Chapter 4 191
In 2007, a few Korean studies librarians conducted a small study on the need for and
feasibility of such a program. Their findings revealed a high demand among independent
scholars for reference help. Many participants in the CEAL/CKM’s 2008 Korean
Librarianship Workshop likewise strongly endorsed the need for such a service.
Although there was hesitation among some librarians due to the workload increase the
new service would require, there was ultimately widespread agreement that it was
worthwhile in order to promote the sharing resources and expertise and aid the Korean
Studies community.
After a thorough review of the pros and cons, at the KCCNA’s 2008 annual meeting, the
decision was finally made to pursue the virtual reference service.
4.4.1.2 Service Design
This is how “Ask a Korean Studies Librarian” works. It is managed via Google Group
application and fields questions from all over the globe in English or Korean. Anyone can
post questions to the Group simply by sending an email to [email protected]. The
KCCNA’s member librarians or other participating experts will then answer questions within
48 business hours.
Any service has limitations and guidelines. The following is a general set of principles for
the “Ask a Korean Studies Librarian” service.
 Participants:
All KCCNA members participate in providing virtual reference service. Initially
we hoped to recruit additional Korean Studies librarians to serve as volunteers on
this project from outside the KCCNA community, but were unsuccessful. As a
result, currently the service is provided exclusively by KCCNA members.
 Users:
The service is available for anyone who is in need of reference services,
regardless of their geographic location.
 Delivery of service:
Due to the limited resources, the goal of delivery time for the service is within 48
business hours.

 Language:
English and Korean are both acceptable.
 Software application:
Using the Google Group application, we receive questions in the form of email.
Users send their questions to [email protected]. All the participating
librarians receive questions and answer to questions. The Google Group
application was chosen because it is free to use and has both bulletin board and
archiving functions.
 Division of work among members:

Among the 14 members of the KCCNA, each librarian takes a monthly duty to be
a main person in charge of receiving reference questions and answering to those
questions. The librarian on duty is also responsible for maintaining the Google
Group site, which means promptly posting any questions and disposing of spam.
While the librarian-in-charge bears the brunt to the responsibility, everyone else
serves as a back-up on an as needed basis. The Ask Korean Studies Librarian site
manager reminds members each month for job rotation.
 Subject categories:
In contrast to the KCCNA collection development guideline, the assigned subject
areas will not apply to this virtual reference service.
 Promotion:
We promote the service on a regular basis via eastlib, Korean studies listserv, etc.
4.4.1.3. Evaluation
Since the opening of the service in 2009, the service has been highly regarded as valuable
to many independent scholars as well as librarian colleagues who are also managing
Korean references in addition to their main role as Chinese/Japanese librarians.
In 2013, a review of this program was reported at the KCCNA annual meeting. Here is a
brief summary of the review, including statistics.
 43 months (Sept. 2009 thru March 2013)

 248 questions in total
Chapter 4 193
 693 emails were exchanged among the Consortium librarians
 2.8 emails per question
 5.8 questions per month
 16 emails per month
 Cleared many spam and junk mails
 Librarian participation: currently all 14 librarians are on duty
The report highlighted some of the major achievements of the “Ask Korean Studies
Librarian” virtual reference service.
 Successfully outreached to the Korean Studies community (both scholars and

librarians) at smaller scale libraries with no designated Korean studies librarian.
 The monthly rotating system worked very well for sharing and distributing the
work load among the KCCNA librarians. Although one librarian is on duty each
month, the rest of the librarians pitched in to help patrons with extra tips and
sources thereby enriching patrons’ service experiences. The quality of service
was improved by the cooperative virtual references system.
 Most of the time we kept our promise regarding the 48hours response time to
questions.
 This service not only served scholars and other librarians but also facilitated that
exchanging of skills and knowledge among KCCNA librarians. Knowledge
sharing among the participating Korean studies librarians was something we
didn’t expect but was a welcomed bonus.
 This service has created the opportunity to collaborate more with librarians in
Korea exchanging expertise and resources to better help patrons outside of Korea.
One example is the collaboration with the National Library of Korea via
INKSLIB, the International Network for Korean Studies Librarians.
The 2013 review also pointed out issues and concerns to be addressed in the future.
 Unstable Google Group application: Over the years there have been some
changes in the configuration of the Google Group application. The front page as
well as the homepage of our “Ask a Korean Studies Librarian” service was
deleted as a part of some changes in the Google Group system. As a result we lost
our main information page about the “Ask a Korean Studies Librarian” service.

Other technical problems included conflicts with email account associated with
specific institutions as well as with Google usernames and passwords.
 Privacy issues: Since Google searches retrieve content from the Google Groups
application, our patrons’ identity and their reference/research questions do not
remain confidential.
 There was a question about archiving our reference transactions. The need for
archiving has yet to be examined. Initially we thought archiving was a must for
compiling a knowledge basis from reference questions and answers but this
question is to be reexamined. If it is necessary, what platform will we use?
 Copyright and License issues: Often times patrons need electronic sources that
are protected by license and copyright. Many electronic databases also include
rights for interlibrary loan and interpretation of this rule often requires a
librarian’s judgment.
4.4.1.4 Suggestions
Although there are some technological issues to work on to improve the overall quality of
virtual service environment, the “Ask a Korean Studies Librarian” virtual reference
service is an exemplary and very creative model which was adopted just as collaboration
of this sort became a trend at American research libraries. In that sense, the Korean
Studies librarians have been on the front lines in working collaboratively, reaching out to
potential patrons, and sharing the information about available resources worldwide.
The collaboration could be further expanded in partnership with librarians outside of

North America. By doing that, the service could increase knowledge regarding available
sources thereby expanding the quality service offered to our users. Currently, the National
Library of Korea and the National Assembly Library are actively participating in the
program and sharing their resources with us. We hope to establish closer relationships
with other academic libraries in South Korea as well as in other countries in East Asia
and Europe.
Chapter 4 195
4.4.2 The International Network for Korean Studies Librarians (INKSLIB)
Founded by the National Library of Korea, the INKSLIB has served as a major
collaborative network between overseas Korean Studies librarian sand librarians in Korea
for the international partnerships that provide mutual benefits.
INKSLIB has various projects and programs working with overseas Korean studies
libraries. One of the programs, called ‘Ask a Librarian for Librarians’, is a virtual
reference service available to the overseas Korean studies librarians. Managed by the
National Library of Korea librarians, the service has been very useful in providing
resources unavailable in North America. INKSLIB frequently offers reference assistance
in matters such as verifying citations, providing copies of resources, and answering very
challenging reference questions that require expertise from Korea.
The service is managed mostly through email exchanges with a designated librarian at
INKSLIB or by uploading a question to a reference question bulletin board. Although the
service requests is not frequent , having the network with librarians in Korea is very
crucial as we do need their help in order to better assist and enrich our services to
overseas Korean scholars and students. The website is http://nl.go.kr/inkslib.
4.4.3. National Assembly Library of Korea’s Reference service
The National Assembly Library of Korea (NALK) also provides free reference services
when the following conditions are met: 1) the material is not available within North
America via ILL; 2) it is held by NALK; 3) it is requested by a library (not the user) per
Korean copyright laws. NALK also provides Korean Studies reference service when
questions are referred from overseas librarians. Requests for reference service can be
emailed to: [email protected]

4.5. Basic Reference Sources in Print Format
By Kyungmi Chun10
This guide lists only printed works. If a work is available also in electronic format, the
URL is provided. The online version may have a different title from the print version, but
the online titles are not provided in this list. In many cases, online editions are more up to
date than print versions, especially for statistical information.
Only selective titles are included in this guide, due to limited space. For a more
comprehensive and annotated bibliography of reference works, it is recommended to
consult with the Korean chapter of the Handbook for Asian studies specialists, which was
compiled by Hyokyoung Yi of the University of Washington, Seattle, Joy Kim of the
University of Southern California, and Kyungmi Chun of Stanford University.
Note:
1. Since library catalogs and databases are available online, many bibliographies are not
introduced in this guide, although many of them are annotated bibliographies.
2. An organization as author is omitted in the citations, when, in general, the publisher
or the compilation/editorial committee of a publication is the author/editor of the
publication.
3. If the title and/or publisher of a serial publication have changed, the latest one is used
in the citations. The former title(s) is noted.
4. When a publication has different editions and/or printing years, efforts have been
made to provide the year of the first printing of the latest edition.
5. An ebook of a publication written in English may be available from e-book databases
(Ebrary, Ebook Library (EBL), MyiLibrary, etc.). However, that is not noted in this
guide.
6. The KOSIS (KOrean Statistical Information Service), a portal site for statistics,
provides a wide range of approved national statistics over a broad time range.
Therefore, although not indicated for each statistical publication in this guide, the
KOSIS <http://kosis.kr/> should be the first place to consult for statistical information
for the Republic of Korea.
10
Korean Studies Librarian, East Asia Library, Stanford University
Chapter 4 197
4.5.1 Guide to Reference Works
Handbook for Asian studies specialists: A guide to research materials and collection
building tools. Noriko Asato, ed. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2013. 466 p.
4.5.2 General Encyclopedias
Pŭrit’aenik’ŏ segye taebaekkwa sajŏn 브리태니커세계대백과사전 = Britanica world

encyclopedia. Seoul: Han’guk Pŭrit’aenik’o Hoesa, 2002. 27 vols.
http://www.britannica.co.kr/ http://100.daum.net/top/index.do
Tusan segye taebaekkwa sajŏn 두산세계대백과사전 = Doosan world encyclopedia.
Seoul: Tusan Tonga, 1996. 30 vols.
http://www.doopedia.co.kr/ http://terms.naver.com/
Chosŏn taebaekkwa sajŏn 조선대백과사전 [Great encyclopedia of North Korea].
P’yŏngyang: Paekkwa Sajŏn Ch’ulp’ansa, 1995-2001. 30 vols.
Kwangmyŏng paekkwa sajŏn 광명백과사전 [Kwangmyŏng encyclopedia of North
Korea]. P’yŏngyang: Paekkwa Sajŏn Ch’ulp’ansa, 2006-2011. 20 vols.
4.5.3 Encyclopedias, Dictionaries and Glossaries for Korean Studies
Han’guk minjok munhwa taebaekkwa sajŏn 한국민족문화대백과사전 [Encyclopedia of

Korean culture]. Sŏngnam: Han’guk Chŏngsin Munhwa Yŏn’guwŏn, 1988-1995. 28 vols.
http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/ http://terms.naver.com/
Pukhan taesajŏn 북한대사전 [Dictionary of North Korea]. Pukhan Yŏn’guso, comp.
Seoul: Pukhan Yŏn’guso, 1999. 1309 p.
Korea: a historical and cultural dictionary. Keith Pratt and Richard Rutt. Surrey,
England: Curzon Press, 1999. 568 p.
Basic glossary of Korean studies = Han’gukhak kibon yongŏjip 한국학기본용어집.
Song Ki Joong, comp. Seoul: Korea Foundation, 1993. 338 p.

4.5.4 Korean Language Dictionaries
P’yojun kugŏ taesajŏn 표준국어대사전 [Standard Korean language dictionary].

Kungnip Kugŏ Yŏn’guwŏn, ed. Seoul: Tusan Tonga, 1999. 3 vols.
http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/ http://krdic.naver.com/
Koryŏdae Han’gugŏ taesajŏn 고려대한국어대사전 [Korea University Korean language
dictionary]. Seoul: Koryŏ Taehakkyo Minjok Munhwa Yŏn’guwŏn, 2009. 3 vols.
Chosŏn mal taesajŏn 조선말대사전 [Dictionary of the North Korean language]. Enl. ed.
Sahoe Kwahagwŏn Onŏhak Yŏn'guso, comp. P’yŏngyang: Sahoe Kwahak Ch’ulp’ansa,
2006-2007. 3 vols.
4.5.5 Korean-English Dictionaries
Etsensŭ Han-Yŏng sajŏn 엣센스한영사전 = Minjung’s essence Korean-English dictionary.

4th ed. Seoul: Minjung Sŏrim, 2000. 2691 p.
Cho-Yŏng taesajŏn 조영대사전 = New Korean-English dictionary. P’yŏngyang Oegugŏ
Taehak Yŏngŏ Hakpu, ed. P’yŏngyang: Oegungmun Tosŏ Ch’ulp’ansa, 2002. 3080 p.
Standard English-Korean & Korean-English dictionary for foreigners: romanized. B. J.
Jones and Gene S. Rhie, ed. Elizabeth, NJ: Hollym International Corp., 1991. 780 p.
4.5.6 Hanchaŏ (Chinese characters used in Korea) and Korean-Chinese Dictionaries
Han’guk Hanchaŏ sajŏn 韓國漢字語辤典 [Dictionary of Chinese words in the Korean

language]. Tan’guk Taehakkyo Pusŏl Tongyanghak Yŏn’guso, ed. Seoul: Tan’guk
Taehakkyo Ch’ulp’anbu, 1992-1996. 4 vols.
Han-Han taesajŏn 漢韓大辭典 [Dictionary of Chinese-Korean language]. Tan’guk
Taehakkyo Pusŏl Tongyanghak Yŏn’guso, ed. Seoul: Tan’guk Taehakkyo Ch’ulp’anbu,
1999-2008. 16 vols.
Han-Han tae chajŏn 漢韓大字典 [Chinese-Korean language dictionary]. 3rd ed. Seoul:
Minjung Sŏrim, 2009. 2926 p.
Chinese characters: a radical approach: learn 2,300 Chinese characters through their 214
radicals. Rev. ed. James C. Whitlock and Kyung Ho Suh. Seoul: Ilchokak, 2003. 1026 p.
Chapter 4 199
4.5.7 Korean-Other Language Dictionaries
Etsensŭ Han-Tok sajŏn 엣센스韓獨辭典 = Minjungs essence Koreanisch-Deutsches

Wörtebruch. Han'guk Togŏ Tongmunhakhoe, ed. Seoul: Minjung Sŏrim, 2010. 2103 p.
Sae Han-No sajŏn 새한노사전 = Новый Корейско-Русский словарь [New Korean-
Russian dictionary]. Han’guk Oegugŏ Taehakkyo Noŏkwa. Seoul: Han’guk Oegugŏ
Taehakkyo Ch’ulp’anbu, 2009. 1299 p.
Han'gugŏ-Pet'ŭnamŏ sajŏn 한국어-베트남어사전 [Korean-Vietnamese dictionary].
Song Jŏng-nam, et al., eds. Seoul: Han’guk Oegugŏ Taehakkyo Ch’ulp’anbu, 2011.
1193 p.
Sae Han-Pul sajŏn 새한불사전 = Nouveau dictionnaire Coréen-Français. Rev. ed.
Han’guk Purŏ Pulmun Hakhoe. Seoul: Han’guk Oegugŏ Taehakkyo Ch’ulp’anbu,
2008. 2911 p.
Han’gugŏ-Sŭp’einŏ sajŏn 한국어-스페인어사전 = Diccionario Coreano-Español.
Chang Sŏn-yŏng, ed. Seoul: Han’guk Oegugŏ Taehakkyo Ch’ulp’anbu, 2003. 736 p.
Han’gugŏ-Indonesiaŏ sajŏn 한국어-인도네시어사전 [Korean-Indonesian dictionary].
Chŏng Yŏng-nim. Seoul: Han’guk Oegugŏ Taehakkyo Ch’ulp’anbu, 1998. 2398 p.
Minjung etsensŭ Han-Il sajŏn 민중엣센스韓日辭典 [Minjung’s essence Korean-
Japanese dictionary]. Rev. ed. Yasuda, Yoshimi, et al., eds. Seoul: Minjung Sŏrim,
2008. 2747 p.
Chōsengo daijiten 朝鮮語大辞典 [Korean-Japanese language dictionary]. Ōsaka Gaikokugo
Daigaku. Chōsengo Kenkyūshitsu, ed. Tokyo: Kadokawa Shoten, 1986. 3 vols.
Han-Yŏng-Chung-Il taeyŏk surŏ sajŏn 韓-英-中-日對譯術語辭典 = Dictionary of
common Oriental terms. Seoul: Asea Munhwasa, 1990. 991 p.
Han’gugŏ-T’aegugŏ sajŏn 한국어-태국어사전 [Korean-Thai dictionary]. Han’guk
Oegugŏ Taehakkyo T’aegugŏkwa. Seoul: Han’guk Oegugŏ Taehakkyo Ch’ulp’anbu,
2006. 1603 p.

4.5.8 Korean Romanization
“The Romanization of the Korean language, based upon its phonetic structure.” G.M.
McCune and E.O Reischauer. Transactions of the Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic
Society, 29: 1-55. Seoul: Royal Asiatic Society Korea Branch, 1939.
“Tables of McCune-Reischauer System for the Romanization of Korean.” Transactions of
the Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 38: 121-128. Seoul: Royal Asiatic
Society Korea Branch, 1961.
The Revised romanization of Korean. Seoul: National Academy of the Korean Language,
Ministry of Culture & Tourism, 2000. 33 p.
English http://korean.go.kr/eng_new/document/roman/roman_01.jsp
Korean http://korean.go.kr/09_new/dic/rule/rule_roman_0101.jsp
Kugŏ ŭi romacha p’yogipŏp (2000. 7. 7. kosi) e ttarŭn romacha p’yŏgi yŏngnye sajŏn
국어의로마자표기법 (2000. 7. 7. 고시)에따른로마자표기용례사전 [Dictionary
of romanization examples according to the 2000 revised South Korean rules]. Seoul:
Munhwa Kwan’gwangbu; Kungnip Kugŏ Yŏn’guwŏn, 2000. 417 p.
http://www.korean.go.kr/09_new/dic/rule/rule_roman.jsp
4.5.9 Bibliographies and Catalogs
Han’guk sŏji 韓國書誌 = Bibliographie coréenne [Bibliograpy of Korea]. Maurice

Courant. Yi Hŭi-jae, trans. Seoul: Ilchogak, 1994. 922 p.
A Bibliographical guide to traditional Korean sources = Han’guk kojŏn haeje
韓國古典解題. Tai-jin Kim, ed. & trans. Seoul: Asiatic Research Center, Korea
University, 1976. 580 p.
Han’guk tosŏ haeje 韓國圖書解題 [Annotated bibliography of pre-1910 Korean books
& manuscripts]. Seoul: Koryŏ Taehakkyo Minjok Munhwa Yŏn’guso Ch’ulp’anbu,
1971. 983 p.
Hanʼguk munjip ch'onggan p'yŏllam 한국문집총간편람 韓國文集叢刊便覽 = A
compendium for the comprehensive publication of Korean literary collections in
classical Chinese. Seoul: Han’guk Kojŏn Pŏnyŏgwŏn, 2010. 447 p.
Also available in English, Chinese and Japanese.
Kungnip Chungang Tosŏgwan sojang ‘1945-yŏn ijŏn Han’guk kwallyŏn charyo’ haejejip
국립중앙도서관소장 ‘1945 년이전한국관련자료’ 해제집 = Annotated bibliography
Chapter 4 201
of ‘Materials related to Korea before 1945’ in the National Library of Korea collection.
Seoul: Kungnip Chungang Tosŏgwan, 2007-2011. 6 vols.
http://www.dlibrary.go.kr/WONMUN/ Full text of all works included in this
annotated bibliography is available to the institutions that have exchange agreement
with the National Library of Korea.
Chōsen kenkyū bunken mokuroku: 1868-1945 朝鮮硏究文献目錄: 1868-1945 [Bibliography
of Japanese works on Korea, 1868-1945]. Suematsu Yasukazu, ed. Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin,
1980. 2 vols.
Sŏyangbon Han’guk munhŏn mongnok, 1800-1963: Rosŏa pon p’oham 西洋本
韓國文献目錄, 1800-1963: 露西亞本包含 = Bibliography of Korea: publications in
the Western language[sic], 1800-1963: in[cluding] the Russian language. Seoul:
Taehan Min’guk Kukhoe Tosŏgwan, 1967. 227 p.
1950-yŏn ijŏn kugoe parhaeng Han’guk kwallyŏn charyo mongnok 1950 년이전
국외발행 한국관련자료목록 [Catalog of foreign works on Korea published before
1950]. Seoul: Kungnip Chungang Tosŏgwan, 1997. 238 p.
http://www.nl.go.kr/
A List of Americans’ records and papers on Korea = Miguk nae Han’guk kwallyŏn kirok
mit sŏryu mongnok. Yŏngmun p’yŏn 미국내한국관련기록및서류목록. 영문편. Key
P. Yang, ed. Seoul: Korea Foundation, 1991. 343 p.
Haebanggi kanhaeng tosŏ ch’ongmongnok, 1945-1950 해방기간행도서총목록, 1945-
1950 [Publications in the liberation period, 1945-1950]. O Yŏng-sik. Seoul: Somyŏng
Ch’ulp’an, 2009. 695 p.
Pukhan nonjŏ mongnok 북한논저목록 [North Korean publications, 1945-1953]. Pang
Sŏn-ju, ed. Ch’unch’ŏn: Hallim Taehakkyo Asia Munhwa Yŏn’guso, 2003. 745 p.
Studies on Korea: A scholar’s guide. Han-Kyo Kim and Hong Kyoo Park, eds. Honolulu:
University Press of Hawaii, 1980. 438 p.
Han’guk sinmun chapchi ch’ong mongnok, 1883-1945 韓國新聞雜誌總目錄, 1883-1945
= Catalogue of Korean periodicals, 1883-1945. Seoul: Taehan Min’guk Kukhoe
Tosŏgwan, 1966. 230 p.
Han’guk chapchi ch’ongnam 韓國雜誌總覽 = Survey of Korean magazines. Seoul:
Han’guk Chapchi Hyŏphoe, 1972-.
http://museum.kmpa.or.kr/
Han’guk ch’ulp’an yŏn’gam 한국출판연감 = Korean publication yearbook. Seoul:
Taehan Ch’ulp’an Munhwa Hyŏphoe, 1963-.

4.5.10 Indexes
Han’guk chapchi kaegwan mit hobyŏl mokchʻajip 韓國雜誌概觀및號別目次集

[Overview and table of contents of Korean periodicals, 1896.2-1945.8]. Kim Kŭn-su.
Seoul: Yŏngsin Ak’ademi Hanʼgukhak Yŏnʼguso, 1973. 968 p.
Han’guk chapchi kaegwan mit hobyŏl mokchʻajip, Haebang 15-yŏn 韓國雜誌概觀 및
號別目次集, 解放 15 年 [Overview and table of contents of Korean periodicals published
in 1945.8-1959.12]. Seoul: Yŏngsin Akʻademi Hanʼgukhak Yŏnʼguso, 1975. 525 p.
Chŏnggi kanhaengmul kisa saegin: haebang chŏn kanhaeng pun, 1910-1945 定期刊行物記事
索引: 解放前刊行分, 1910-1945 [Index to periodical articles, 1910-1945]. Seoul:
Kukhoe Tosŏgwan, 1982. 376 p.
http://dl.nanet.go.kr/
Index to English language periodical literature published in Korea, 1890-1940 = 英文雜
誌索引. Jefferson McRee Elrod, comp. Seoul: Korean National Assembly Library,
1965. 198 p.
Index to English language periodical literature published in Korea, 1941-1968 =
영문잡지색인. Seoul: National Assembly Library, Republic of Korea, 1969. 224 p.
Index to English language newspapers published in Korea, 1896-1937. J. McRee Elrod.
Seoul: Yonsei University, 1966. 45 p.
Tonga ilbo saegin 東亞日報索引 [Index to Tonga daily newspaper articles, 1920-1962].
Seoul: Tonga Ilbosa, 1970-1982. 10 vols.
http://db.history.go.kr/url.jsp?ID=np_da_1920
http://newslibrary.naver.com/
http://www.donga.com/news/dongadb/ (fee for full-text)
4.5.11 General Guides, Handbooks and Yearbooks
The Koreas. Mary E. Connor, ed. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2009. 499 p.
South Korea: a country study. 4th ed. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.
Adrea Matles Savada and William Shaw, eds. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research
Division, Library of Congress, 1992. 408 p.
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/krtoc.html
Chapter 4 203
North Korea: a country study. 5th ed. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.
Robert Worden, ed. Washington, DC: U.S. G.P.O., 2008. 332 p.
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/pdf/CS_North-Korea.pdf
Pukhan ch’ongnam 北韓總覽 1945 년-1982 년 [General survey of North Korea, 1945-1982].
Seoul: Pukhan Yŏn’guso, 1983. 2044 p.
Pukhan ch’ongnam 北韓總覽 1983-1993. Seoul: Pukhan Yŏn’guso, 1994. 1192 p.
Haeoe Han’gukhak paeksŏ 해외한국학백서 [Overseas Korean Studies white-paper].
Han’guk Kukche Kyoryu Chaedan, ed. Seoul: Ŭryu Munhwasa, 2007. 1626 p.
Korea annual. Seoul: Yonhap News Agency, 1964-2004, 2013-.
Yǒnhap yǒn’gam 연합연감 = Yonhap yearbook. Seoul: Yǒnhap Nyusŭ, 1981-.
Han’guk ŭi ch’ang: Tonga yǒn’gam. 한국의窓: 동아연감 = The Dong-A yearbook.
Seoul: Tonga Ilbosa, 2008-.
Previously Tonga yon’gam 동아연감 (1967-2007)
Chosǒn chungang yǒn’gam 조선중앙년감 [North Korea yearbook]. P’yǒnyang: Chosǒn
Chungang T’ongsinsa, 1949-
Pukhan yǒn’gam 북한연감 = North Korea yearbook. Seoul: Yǒnhap Nyusŭ, 1999-2011.
Korea: politics, economy and society. Rüdiger Frank, et al., eds. Leiden: Koninklijke
Brill NV, 2010-.
Previously Korea yearbook: politics, economy and society (2007-2009)
4.5.12 Biographies
Han’guk inmul taesajŏn 한국인물대사전 [Who was who in Korea]. Han’guk Chŏngsin
Munhwa Yŏn’guwŏn, ed. Seoul: Chungang M & B, 1999. 2 vols.
Han’guk yŏktae inmyŏng sajŏn 한국역대인명사전 [Biographical dictionary of the
Korean past]. Im Chong-uk, ed. Seoul: Ihoe, 2009. 2237 p.
Kugyŏk kukcho inmulgo 국역국조인물고 [Historic biographies of Koreans, translated
into modern Korean]. Seoul: Sejong Taewang Kinyŏm Saŏphoe, 1999-2006. 34 vols.
Chōsen jinmei jisho 朝鮮人名辭書 [Who was who in Korea]. Chōsen Sōtokufu Chūsūin
朝鮮總督府中樞院. Tōkyō: Daiichi Shobō, Shōwa 52 [1977]. 2 vols.

Han’guk inmyŏng chaho sajŏn 韓國人名字號辭典 [Dictionary of Korean pseudonyms].
Yi Tu-hŭi, et al. Seoul: Kyemyŏng Munhwasa, 1988. 741 p.
Han’guk inmul sajŏn 한국인물사전 [Who’s who in Korea]. Seoul: Yŏnhap Nyusŭ,
2005-.
Han’guk ŭi ch’ang: Inmyŏngnok 한국의窓: 인명록 [Who’s who in Korea]. Seoul:
Tonga Ilbosa, 2008-.
Pukhan chuyo insa inmul chŏngbo 북한주요인사인물정보 [Major figures of North
Korea]. Seoul: T’ongilbu, 2012-.
Previously Pukhan ui chuyo inmul 북한의주요인물 (2003-2011)
http://www.unikorea.go.kr/
Pukhan chuyo kigwan, tanch’e inmyŏngnok 북한주요기관・단체인명록 [North Korean
officials by organizations]. Seoul: T’ongilbu, 2012-.
Previously Pukhan kigwan, tanch’e pyŏl inmyŏngjip 북한기관・단체별인명집
(1982-2011)
http://www.unikorea.go.kr/
Pukhan inmyŏng sajŏn 북한인명사전 = Who’s who in North Korea. Seoul: Sŏul
Sinmunsa, 1990-2004.
Chōsen Minshu Shugi Jinmin Kyōwakoku soshikibetsu jinmeibo 朝鮮民主主義人民共和
国組織別人名簿 = North Korea directory. Tokyo: Rajio Puresu, 1988-.
Chosŏn chaeryu Ku-Miin chosarok, 1907-yŏn-1942-yŏn 朝鮮在留欧美人調查錄,
1907 年-1942 年 [Europeans and Americans living in Korea, 1907-1942]. Seoul:
Yŏngsin Ak’ademi Han’gukhak Yŏn’guso, 1981. 961 p.
4.5.13 Chronologies
Han’guk minjok munhwa taebaekkwa sajŏn. v. 26, Yŏnp’yo 한국민족문화대 백과사전.

v. 26, 연표 [Encyclopedia of Korean culture. v. 26, Chronology]. Sŏngnam: Han’guk
Chŏngsin Munhwa Yŏn’guwŏn, 1991. 397 p.
Sisa 110-yŏnsa: chŏngch’i, kyŏngje, sahoe, munhwa, chonghap yŏnp’yo, charyo, 1880-
1990 時事 110 年史: 政治・經濟・社會・文化・綜合年表・資料, 1880-1990
[One hundred and ten years of current affairs: comprehensive chronology and sources
on politics, economy, society, and culture, 1880-1990]. Seoul: Sŏul Ŏllonin K’ŭllŏp,
1990. 2 vols.
Chapter 4 205
4.5.14 Directories
Han’guk min’gan tanch’e ch’ongnam 한국민간단체총람 = Encyclopedia of Korean

Associations. Seoul: Simin Undong Chŏngbo Sent’ŏ, 1996-
Chaeoe tongp’o tanch’e chojik hyŏnhwang 在外同胞團體組織現況 [Survey on
Overseas Korean organizations]. Seoul: Oegyo T’ongsangbu, 1996-
http://www.mofa.go.kr/여행/해외체류정보 > 재외동포정책및현황
4.5.15 General Statistics
Han’guk t’onggye yǒn’gam 한국통계연감 = Korea statistical yearbook. Seoul: Kyǒngje

Kihoegwǒn, 1961-
Previously Taehan Min’guk t’onggye yǒn’gam 대한민국통계연감 (1952-1960)
Chǒn’guk t’onggye yǒn’gam 전국통계연감 = Korean regional statistics annual. Seoul:
Han’guk Haengjǒng Yǒn’guso, 1993-.
T’onggye ro ponŭn Taehan Min’guk 통계로보는대한민국 [Korea through statistical
indicators]. Seoul: Han’guk T’onggye Chinhŭngwŏn, 2009. 426 p.
Pukhan ŭi chuyo t’onggye chip’yo 북한의주요통계지표 [Major statistics of North
Korea]. Taejŏn: T’onggyech’ŏng, 2008-.
Previously Nam-Pukhan kyŏngje sahoesang pigyo 남북한경제사회상비교 (1995-2007)
http://kosis.kr/bukhan/
Chaeoe tongp’o hyŏnhwang 재외동포현황 [Survey on overseas Koreans]. Seoul: Oegyobu,
1991-.
http://www.mofa.go.kr/ 여행/해외체류정보 > 재외동포정책및현황
4.5.16 Multidisciplinary Sources
Nam-Pukhan haksul yongŏ pigyo sajŏn: inmun 남북한학술용어비교사전: 인문 [Comparative

dictionary of South and North Korean academic terms in humanities]. Sŏngnam:
Han’gukhak Chungang Yŏn’guwŏn, 2010. 575 p.
Nam-Pukhan haksul yongŏ pigyo sajŏn: sahoe 남북한학술용어비교사전: 사회 [Comparative
dictionary of South and North Korean academic terms in social sciences]. Sŏngnam:
Han’gukhak Chungang Yŏn’guwŏn, 2010. 606 p.

Han’guk munhwa sangjing sajŏn 韓國文化상징사전 = Dictionary of Korean myths and
symbols. Seoul: Tonga Ch’ulp’ansa, 1992-1995. 2 vols.
Japanese translation: Kankoku bunka shinboru jiten 韓国文化シンボル事典
An encyclopaedia of Korean culture = Han’guk munhwa paekkwa sajŏn 한국문화백과사전.
Rev. ed. Cheong-soo Suh, et al., eds. Seoul: Hansebon, 2006. 646 p.
Munye yŏn’gam 문예연감 = Culture & arts yearbook. Seoul: Han’guk Munhwa Yesul
Chinhŭngwŏn, 1976-.
http://www.arko.or.kr/ 자료실 > 발간자료 > 문예연감목록
Chosŏn munhak yesul yŏn’gam 조선문학예술년감 [Korean literature and art yearbook].
P’yŏngyang: Munhak Yesul Chonghap Ch’ulp’ansa, 1994-.
Han’guk ŭi pangmulgwan, misulgwan 한국의박물관, 미술관 = Museums in Korea.
Seoul: Han’guk Pangmulgwan Hyŏphoe, 2006. 5 vols.
http://www.museum.or.kr/
4.5.17 Anthropology
Han’guk poksik munhwa sajŏn 한국복식문화사전 [Dictionary of Korean costume].

Kim Yŏng-suk, ed. Seoul: Misul Munhwa, 1998. 509 p.
Han’guk minsok taesajŏn 한국민속대사전 [Dictionary of Korean folk culture]. Seoul:
Minjok Munhwasa, 1991. 2 vols.
Encyclopedia of Korean seasonal customs. Jingi Cheon, et al., eds. Seoul: National Folk
Museum of Korea, 2010. 336 p.
http://folkency.nfm.go.kr/eng/info/main.jsp
Han’guk sesi p’ungsok sajŏn 한국세시풍속사전 [Encyclopedia of Korean seasonal
customs]. Seoul: Kungnip Minsok Pangmulgwan, 2004-2007. 6 vols.
Han’guk minsok sinang sajŏn 한국민속신앙사전 = Encyclopedia of Korean folk beliefs.
Seoul: Kungnip Minsok Pangmulgwan, 2009-2011. 6 vols.
http://www.nfm.go.kr/ 자료마당 > 자료이용 > 발간자료 원문검색
http://folkency.nfm.go.kr/main/main.jsp
Han’guk chŏnt’ong yejŏl 韓國傳統禮節 [Traditional Korean etiquettes]. Kim Sŏk-chin.
Seoul: Hangmunsa, 2006. 409 p.
Chapter 4 207
4.5.18 Art and Art History
Han’guk misul yŏn’gam 韓國美術年鑑 = Korea art annual. Seoul: Han’guk Misul
Yŏn’gamsa, 1977-1997.
Chosŏn misul yŏn’gam 조선미술년감 [North Korean art yearbook]. P’yŏngyang:
Munhak Yesul Ch’ulp’ansa, 1985-1992.
Chosŏn yŏktae misulga p’yŏllam 조선력대미술가편람 [Dictionary of North Korean
artists]. Rev. ed. Yi Chae-hyŏn. P’yŏngyang: Munhak Yesul Chonghap Ch’ulp’ansa,
1999. 823 p.
Han’guk misulsa yŏnp’yo 韓國美術史年表 [Chronology of Korean art history]. Rev. ed.
Chin Hong-sŏp, ed. Seoul: Ilchisa, 2006. 471 p.
4.5.19 Business
Chŏn’guk saŏpch’e chosa pogosŏ 전국사업체조사보고서 = Report of the census on

establishments. Taejŏn: T’onggyech’ŏng, 2008-.
Previously Saŏpch’e kich’o t’onggye chosa pogosŏ 사업체기초통계조사보고서
(1995-2006)
Hoesa yŏn’gam 회사연감 = Annual corporation reports. Seoul: Maeil Kyŏngje Sinmunsa,
1978-.
Han’guk taegiŏp kŭrup chaemu punsŏk 한국大企業그룹財務分析 = Financial analysis
on grand business groups in Korea. Seoul: Sinsanŏp Kyŏngyŏngwŏn, 2004-.
Previously Han’guk 30-tae chaebŏl chaemu punsŏk 한국 30 대재벌재무분석 (1995-
2003) and Han’guk 50-tae kiŏp kŭrup chaemu punsŏk charyojip 한국 50 대기업그룹
재무분석 자료집 (1987-1992).
Chungso kiŏp kwallyŏn t’onggye 중소기업관련통계 [Small and medium business
statistics]. Taejŏn: Chungso Kiŏpch’ŏng, 1999-.
Chungso kiŏp silt’ae chosa kyŏlgwa 중소기업실태조사결과 = Survey on actual state of
SMEs. Taejŏn: Chungso Kiŏpch’ŏng, 2009-.
Previously Chungso kiŏp silt’ae chosa pogo 중소기업실태조사보고 (1966-2007)
http://stat.kbiz.or.kr/
http://stat2.smba.go.kr/

Muyŏk t’onggye yŏnbo 무역통계연보 = Statistical yearbook of foreign trade. Seoul:
Kwansech’ŏng, 1964-.
http://customs.go.kr/kcsweb/user.tdf?a=user.statsIndex.StatsIndexApp&bid=PA012D
M&npp=4&len=18
Haeoe chikchŏp t’uja t’onggye yŏnbo 해외직접투자통계연보 = Overseas direct investment
statistics yearbook. Seoul: Han’guk Such’urip Ŭnhaeng, 1998-2007.
http://keri.koreaexim.go.kr/
Chŏn’guk kiŏpch’e ch’ongnam 전국기업체총람 = Korean business directory. Seoul:
Taehan Sanggong Hoeŭiso, 1958-.
http://www.korchambiz.net/
Haeoe chinch’ul Han’guk kiŏp tirekt’ori 해외진출한국기업디렉토리 = Korean
business directory. Seoul: KOTRA, 1992-.
http://www.globalwindow.org/ 해외투자정보 > 해외진출기업 검색
4.5.20 Communications, Journalism and Media Studies
Nambuk maesŭk’ŏm yongŏ sajŏn 남북매스컴용어사전 [Glossary of South and North

Korean terms for mass communication]. Seoul: Han’guk Kyoyŏl Kija Hyŏphoe and
Han’guk Ŏllon Chaedan, 2001. 671 p.
2005 Nambuk kongt’ong chŏngbohwa kyoyuk yongŏ sajŏn 2005 남북공통정보화교육
용어사전 [Glossary of South and North Korean terms for information education].
Kugŏ Chŏngbo Hakhoe. Seoul: Han’guk Chŏngbo Munhwa Chinhŭngwŏn, 2005. 266 p.
http://www.itstudy.or.kr/ 사업별업무안내 > 북한이탈주민정보화교육 > 사업소개
> 연구자료실
Han’guk ŏllon yŏn’gam 한국언론연감 = The Korean media yearbook. Seoul: Han’guk
Ŏllon Chinhŭng Chaedan, 2010-.
Previously Han’guk sinmun pangsong yŏn’gam 한국신문방송연감 (1978-2009)
https://www.kpf.or.kr/ 자료실 > 간행물
English edition The Korea Press
http://www.mediagaon.or.kr/ 언론전문자료 > 영문자료
Podo sajin yŏn’gam 보도사진연감 = Korea press photo annual. Seoul: Han’guk Sajin
Kija Hyŏphoe, 1968-.
Chapter 4 209
Han’guk ŏllon inmul sajŏn, 1883-2009 한국언론인물사전, 1883-2009 [Who’s who in
the Korean media]. Chŏng Chin-sŏk, ed. Seoul: Han’guk Ŏllon Chaedan, 2008. 1579 p.
https://www.kpf.or.kr/ 자료실 > 간행물
Han’guk ŏllon yŏnp’yo 韓國言論年表 [A chronology of Korean journalism]. Kye Hun-
mo and Chŏng Chin-sŏk, eds. Seoul: Kwanhun K’ŭllŏp Sinyŏng Yŏn’gu Kigŭm,
1979-1993. 3 vols.
http://koreaa2z.com/main_ek.htm (Subscription-based)
Han’guk ŏllon yŏnp’yo saegin, 1881-1955 韓國言論年表索引, 1881-1955 [Index to the
Chronology of Korean journalism]. Chŏng Chin-sŏk. Seoul: Kwanhun K’ŭllŏp
Sinyŏng Yŏn’gu Kigŭm, 1993. 513 p.
4.5.21 Economics
OECD economic surveys: Korea. Paris: OECD, 1994-.

http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/
Han’guk kyŏngje yŏn’gam 한국경제연감 = Korean economic yearbook. Seoul: Chŏn’guk
Kyŏngjein Yŏnhaphoe, 1966-2009.
Previously Kyŏngje yŏn’gam 경제연감 (1948-1949, 1955-1959).
Kyŏngje t’onggye yŏnbo 경제통계연보 = Economic statistics yearbook. Seoul: Han’guk
Ŭnhaeng, 1960-.
Previously “T’onggye p’yon” in Kyŏngje yŏn’gam 경제연감 (1955-1959).
http://ecos.bok.or.kr/ 통계연구/간행물 > 주요통계간행물
Kukka chasan t’onggye 국가자산통계 = National wealth statistics. Taejŏn: T’onggyech’ŏng,
2009-.
Previously Kukpu t’onggye 국부통계 (1977-2008)
Kukse t’onggye yŏnbo 국세통계연보 = Statistical yearbook of national tax. Seoul:
Kuksech’ŏng, 1966-.
http://www.nts.go.kr/ 국세정보>국세통계
Han’guk t’onghap chaejŏng suji 한국통합재정수지 = Government finance statistics in
Korea. Kwach’ŏn: Kihoek Chaejŏngbu, 1995-.
Previously Han’guk ŭi chaejŏng t’onggye 한국의재정통계 (1979-1994)
Kyŏngje hwaltong in’gu yŏnbo 경제활동인구연보 = Annual report on the economically
active population survey. Taejŏn: T’onggyech’ŏng, 1972-.

Mulka ch’ongnam 물가총람 = Price statistics overview. Seoul: Han’guk Ŭnhaeng, 1961-.
http://ecos.bok.or.kr/ 통계연구/간행물 > 주요통계간행물
Chonghap mulka ch’ongnam: t’onggye ro pon mulka 40-yŏnsa 1970-2010 종합
물가총람: 통계로본물가 40 년사 1970-2010 [Comprehensive price statistics: a 40-
year price history 1970-2010]. Seoul: Han’guk Mulka Chŏngbo, 2010. 464 p.
Sobija mulka chisu yŏnbo 소비자물가지수연보= Annual report on the consumer price
index. Taejŏn: T’onggyech’ŏng, 2009-.
Previously Mulka yŏnbo 물가연보 (1969-2007)
Kagye chosa yŏnbo 가계조사연보 = Annual report on the household income and
expenditure survey. Taejŏn: T’onggyech’ŏng, 2004-.
Previously Tosi kagye yŏnbo 도시가계연보 (1969-2003) and Tosi kagye pogosŏ
도시 가계보고서 (1963-1968)
Pukhan kyŏngje t’onggye charyojip (1946, 1947, 1948-yŏndo) 北韓經濟統計資料集 (1946,
1947, 1948 년도) [North Korean economic statistics (1946, 1947, 1948)]. Hallim Taehakkyo
Asia Munhwa Yŏn’guso, ed. Ch’unch’ŏn: Hallim Taehakkyo Ch’ulp’anbu, 1994. 394 p.
Algi shwiun kyŏngje chip’yo haesŏl 알기쉬운경제지표해설 [Explanatory comments for
economic indicators]. 7th ed. Seoul: Han’guk Ŭnhaeng, 2010.
https://ecos.bok.or.kr/ 통계연구/간행물>주요경제통계해설책
4.5.22 Education
Han’guk kyoyuk yŏn’gam 한국교육연감 = Korean education yearbook. Han’guk Kyowŏn

Tanch’e Ch’ong Yŏnhaphoe. Seoul: Han’guk Kyoyuk Sinmunsa, 1964-.
Kyoyuk t’onggye yŏnbo 교육통계연보 = Statistical yearbook of education. Seoul:
Han’guk Kyoyuk Kaebarwŏn, 1991-.
Previously Mungyo t’onggye yŏnbo 문교통계연보 (1962-1990)
http://kess.kedi.re.kr/
Han’guk ŭi kyoyuk kwajŏng, kyogwasŏsa yŏnp’yo: ‘Sae charyo,’ ‘Ingnŭn yŏnp’yo’
한국의교육과정ㆍ교과서사연표: ‘새자료,’ ‘읽는연표’ [A chronology of the history
of the Korean curriculum and textbooks]. Hŏ, Kang. Seoul: Ilchinsa, 2010. 147 p.
Chapter 4 211
4.5.23 Film and Theatre
Films for Korean studies: a guide to English-language films about Korea. Lucius A.
Butler and Chaesoon T. Youngs, eds. Honolulu: Center for Korean Studies,
University of Hawaii, 1978. 167 p.
Han’guk yŏnghwa yŏn’gam 한국영화연감 = Korean film yearbook. Yŏnghwa Chinhŭng
Wiwŏnhoe 영화진흥위원회, comp. Seoul: K’ŏmyunikeisyŏn Puksŭ, 1977-.
http://www.kofic.or.kr
Korean cinema. Seoul: KOFIC (Korean Film Council), 1999-.
http://www.koreanfilm.or.kr/ Publications > Books
Chosŏn yŏnghwa yŏn’gam 조선영화년감 [Yearbook of North Korean films]. P’yŏngyang:
Munye Ch’ulp’ansa, 1985-1993.
Han’guk yŏnghwa kamdok sajŏn 한국영화감독사전 = The dictionary of Korean film
directors. Kim Chong-wŏn, et al., eds. Seoul: Kukhak Charyowŏn, 2004. 704 p.
Pukhan yŏnghwa inmyŏng sajŏn 북한영화인명사전 [Biographical dictionary of North
Korean films]. Seoul: Yŏnghwa Chinhŭng Wiwŏnhoe, 2003. 235 p.
4.5.24 Geography
A bibliography of Korean geography in western languages, 1945-1995. Kyung Hi Hong.

Seoul: Hyorim, 1999. 409 p.
Ilbon esŏ parhaengdoen Hanʼguk chiri kwanʼgye munhŏn mongnok: 1868-1991 日本에서
發行된韓國地理関係文献目錄:1868-1991 = A bibliography of Korean geography in
Japanese publications, 1868-1991. Hong Kyŏng-hŭi. Seoul: Hyorim, 1994. 309 p.
Kungnip Chungang Tosŏgwan sojang Tokto kwallyŏn charyo haejejip 국립중앙도서관
소장독도관련자료해제집 = Dokdo, an annotated bibliography in the National
Library of Korea. Seoul: Kungnip Chungang Tosŏgwan, 2009. 2 vols.
The geography of Korea. Yongwoo Kwon, et al., eds. Suwon: National Geographic
Information Institute, 2010. 432 p.
http://www.land.go.kr/portal/reference/publication01.do
Han’guk chiriji 한국지리지 [The geography of Korea]. Suwŏn: Kukt’o Chiriwŏn, 2003-
2012. 7 vols.

Taehan Minʼguk 5-man chido 대한민국 5 만지도 [Topographical maps of South Korea
at a 1:50,000 scale]. Tonga Chido. Seoul: Raendŏm Hausu Chungang, 2006. 751 p.
Taehan Min’guk kukka chidojip 대한민국국가지도집 = The national atlas of Korea.
Suwŏn: Kŏnsŏl Kyot’ongbu Kukt’o Chiri Chŏngbowŏn, 2007. 279 p.
http://www.land.go.kr/portal/main.do 국토조사> 국가지도집
The national atlas of Korea. Suwon: National Geographic Information Institute, Ministry
of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, 2007. 281 p.
Ch’oegŭn Pukhan omanbun chi il chihyŏngdo 最近北韓五萬分之一地形圖 [Topographical
maps of North Korea at a 1:50,000 scale]. Seoul: Kyŏngin Munhwasa, 1997. 2 vols.
Han’guk ŭi kojido 韓國의古地圖 = Old maps of Korea. Yi Ch’an. Seoul: Pŏmusa, 1991.
419 p.
Old maps of Korea = Kankoku no ko chizu 韓国の古地図. Chan Lee. Paju: Bumwoo
Pub., 2005. 556 p.
Sŏyang kojido rŭl t’onghae pon Han’guk 서양고지도를통해본한국 = Korea in old
western maps. Taejŏn: Haengjŏng Chach’ibu Kukka Kirogwŏn, 2007. 113 p.
http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/oldmap/MainView.do
Chosŏn hyangt’o taebaekkwa 조선향토대백과 = Encyclopedia of North Korean

geography and culture. Chosŏn Kwahak Paekkwa Sajŏn Ch’ulp’ansa and Han’guk
P’yŏnghwa Munje Yŏn’guso. Seoul: P’yŏnghwa Munje Yŏn’guso, 2005. 20 vols.
http://www.cybernk.net/
The gazetteer of Korea. Suwon: National Geographic Information Institute, 2009. 124 p.
http://www.ngii.go.kr/en/main/main.do?rbsIdx=1 Key Activities > Land Survey
Chibang haengjŏng kuyŏk yoram 지방행정구역요람 = General review of local

administrative districts. Seoul: Haengjŏng Anjŏnbu, 1953-.
http://www.mospa.go.kr/ 업무안내>지방행정실>지방자치제도
Han’gŭl Hakhoe chiŭn Han’guk chimyŏng ch’ongnam 한글학회지은한국지명 총람 [A
survey of Korean place names]. Seoul: Han’gŭl Hakhoe, 1966-1986. 20 vols.
Han’guk ttang irŭm k’ŭn sajŏn 한국땅이름큰사전 [Korean geographical dictionary].
Seoul: Han’gŭl Hakhoe, 1991. 3 vols.
Han’guk chimyŏng yuraejip 한국지명유래집 = The origin of Korean geographical
names. Suwŏn: Kukt’o Chiri Chŏngbowŏn, 2008-2011. 4 vols.
Chapter 4 213
Han’guk ko chimyŏng sajŏn 韓國古地名辭典 [Dictionary of old Korean place names].
Chŏn Yong-sin, ed. Seoul: Koryŏ Taehakkyo Minjok Munhwa Yŏn’guso, 1993. 451 p.
Tallajin Pukhan ttang irŭm iyagi 달라진북한땅이름이야기 [Changes in North Korean
geographical names]. Yang T’ae-jin. Seoul: Paeksan Ch’ulp’ansa, 2008. 715 p.
Kukt’o chosa yŏn’gam 국토조사연감 [National land survey]. Suwŏn: Kukt’o Chiri
Chŏngbowŏn, 2004-. 2 vols.
http://www.land.go.kr/ 국토조사 > 국토조사연감
Kukt’o haeyang t’onggye yŏnbo 국토해양통계연보 = Statistical yearbook of MLTM.

Kwach’ŏn: Kukt’o Haeyangbu, 2008-.
A merger of the Kŏnsŏl kyot’ong t’onggye yŏnbo 건설교통통계연보 = Statistical
yearbook of construction and transportation (1995-2007) and the Haeyang susan
t’onggye yŏnbo 해양수산통계연보 = Statistical yearbook of maritime affairs and
fisheries (1997-2007)
https://stat.molit.go.kr/
Hwan’gyŏng t’onggye yŏn’gam 환경통계연감 = Environmental statistics yearbook.

Seoul: Hwan’gyŏngbu, 1995-.
Previously Han’guk hwan’gyŏng yŏn’gam 한국환경연감 = Korea environmental
yearbook (1988-1994)
http://www.me.go.kr/ 발행물 > 환경간행물
4.5.25 History
Historical dictionary of the Republic of Korea. 2nd ed. Andrew C. Nahm and James E.
Hoare, eds. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2004. 313 p.
Historical dictionary of North Korea. Ilpyong J. Kim. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press,
2003. 212 p.
Historical dictionary of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. James E. Hoare.
Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2012. 489 p.
Yŏksa sajŏn 역사사전 [Dictionary of North Korean history]. 2nd ed. Sahoe Kwahagwŏn
Yŏksa Yŏn’guso. P’yŏngyang: Kwahak Paekkwa Sajŏn Chonghap Ch’ulp’ansa,
1999- 2004. 6 vols.

Han’guk tongnip undongsa sajŏn 한국독립운동사사전 [Encyclopedia of the history of
Korean independence movement]. Ch’ŏnan: Tongnip Kinyŏmgwan Han’guk Tongnip
Undongsa Yŏn’guso, 1996-2004. 7 vols.
Ilche hyŏmnyŏk tanch’e sajŏn. Kungnae chungangpy’ŏn 일제협력단체사전. 국내중앙편
[Dictionary of pro-Japanese organizations]. Ch’inil Inmyŏng Sajŏn P’yŏnch’an
Wiwŏnhoe, ed. Seoul: Minjok Munje Yŏn’guso, 2004. 889 p.
The encyclopedia of the Korean War: a political, social, and military history. Spencer C.
Tucker, et al., eds. 2nd ed. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2010. 3 vols.
Historical dictionary of Pyongyang. Justin Corfield. London: Anthem Press, 2013. 232 p.
Han’guk kogohak sajŏn 韓國考古學事典 = Dictionary of Korean archaeology. Seoul:
Kungnip Munhwajae Yŏn’guso, 2001. 1391 p.
http://portal.nricp.go.kr/kr/data/dic/
Chosŏn Ch’ongdokpu kongmunsŏ chonghap mongnokchip 조선총독부공문서종합목록집
[Union list of official documents of Japanese Government-General of Korea]. Han’guk
Kukka Kirok Yŏn’guwŏn, comp. P’aju: Hanul, 2005. 1783 p.
Chosŏn Ch’ongdokpu kongmunsŏ tagyech’ŭng sangse mongnokchip. Hangmuguk sahoe
kyoyuk munsŏgun p’yŏn 조선총독부공문서다계층상세목록집. 학무국사회교육
문서군편 [List of documents of Japanese Government-General of Korea related to
social education, held in the National Archives of Korea]. Han’guk Kukka Kirok
Yŏn’guwŏn, comp. P’aju: Hanul, 2005. 843 p.
The Korean War, an annotated bibliography. Rev. 2nd ed. Keith D. McFarland. New
York: Routledge, 2010. 429 p.
Pukhan munhwajae kwan’gye munhŏn hwibo 北韓文化財關係文獻彙報 [Annotated
bibliography of North Korean publications on Korean cultural heritage]. Seoul:
Munhwajae Kwalliguk Munhwajae Yŏn’guso, 1990. 381 p.
Pukhan munhwajae kwan’gye munhŏn hwibo: chŭngbop’an, 1990-2006 北韓文化財關係
文獻彙報: 增補版 1990-2006 [Annotated bibliography of North Korean publications
on Korean cultural heritage: enlarged edition, 1990-2006]. Taejŏn: Kungnip
Munhwajae Yŏn’guso, 2007. 336 p.
Han’guk sahoejuŭi undong inmyŏng sajŏn 한국사회주의운동인명사전 [Biographical
dictionary of Korean socialists]. Kang Man-gil and Sŏng Tae-gyŏng, eds. Seoul:
Ch’angjak kwa Pip’yŏngsa, 1996. 615 p.
Ch’inil inmyŏng sajŏn 친일인명사전 [Biographical dictionary of pro-Japan collaborators].
Seoul: Minjok Munje Yŏn’guso, 2009. 3 vols.
Chapter 4 215
Taehan Min’guksa yŏnp’yo 대한민국사연표 [Chronology of the history of the Republic
of Korea]. Kwach’ŏn: Kuksa P’yŏnch’an Wiwŏnhoe, 2008. 3 vols.
http://db.history.go.kr/url.jsp?ID=tc
Chosŏn chŏnsa. Yŏnp’yo 조선전사. 년표 [History of Korea. Chronology]. Rev. ed. Sahoe
Kwahagwŏn Yŏksa Yŏn’guso. P’yŏngyang: Kwahak Paekkwa Sajŏn Ch’ulp’ansa, 1983-
1991. 2 vols.
4.5.26 Language and Linguistics
Kugŏhak sajŏn 국어학사전 [Dictionary of Korean linguistics]. Seoul: Han’gŭl Hakhoe,

1995. 1122 p.
Uri t’obagi mal sajŏn 우리토박이말사전 [Dictionary of native Korean words]. Han’gŭl
Hakhoe. Seoul: Ŏmun’gak, 2002. 2127 p.
Uri mal ŏwŏn sajŏn 우리말語源辭典 [Dictionary of Korean etymology]. Kim Min-su,
et al., eds. Seoul: T’aehaksa, 1997. 1312 p.
Nŏlbŭn p’uri uri mal yuŭiŏ taesajŏn 넓은풀이우리말유의어대사전 = 廣解類義語大辭典
= A Korean thesaurus. Seoul: Nanmal Ŏhwi Chŏngbo Ch’ŏri Yŏn’guso, 2009. 7 vols.
http://www.wordnet.co.kr/ (subscription-based)
Nŏlbŭn p’uri uri mal panŭiŏ sajŏn 넓은풀이우리말반의어사전 = 廣解反義語辭典 = A
Dictionary of antonyms. Seoul: Nanmal Ŏhwi Chŏngbo Ch’ŏri Yŏn’guso, 2010. 510 p.
http://www.wordnet.co.kr/ (subscription-based)
Uri mal paro ssŭgi sajŏn 우리말바로쓰기사전 [Dictionary of the correct usage of
Korean words]. Kim Chŏng-sŏp, ed. P’aju: Chisik Sanŏpsa, 2008. 1135 p.
Han’guk kojŏn yongŏ sajŏn 한국고전용어사전 [Dictionary of classical Korean words].
Seoul: Sejong Taewang Kinyŏm Saŏphoe, 2001. 5 vols.
Nam-Pukhan mal pigyo sajŏn: Nam-Pukhan, Chungguk, Chungang Asia esŏ 3-man ŏhwi rŭl
karyŏ moŭn kyŏre mal sajŏn 남북한말비교사전: 남북한, 중국, 중앙 아시아에서
3 만어휘를 가려모은 겨레말사전 [Comparative dictionary of Korean words between
South Korea and North Korea]. Rev. ed. Cho Chae-su. Seoul: Han’gyŏre Ch’ulp’an, 2007.
835 p.

Yŏng-Cho Cho-Yŏng sajŏn: Pukhan yongŏ Yŏngmun p’yogijip 英・朝朝・英辞典:
북한용어영문표기집 [English dictionary of North Korean terms]. Kukka Chŏngbowŏn,
ed. Seoul: Hanul, 1999. 473 p.
Han’guk oeraeŏ taesajŏn 韓國外來語大辭典 [Dictionary of loanwords in the Korean
language]. Han-Mi Kyoyuk Yŏn’guwŏn, ed. P’aju: Tongyang Sŏjŏk, 2009. 598 p.
Oeraeŏ p’yogi yongnyejip 외래어표기용례집 [Dictionary of transliteration of foreign
words into Korean]. Chŏng Hŭi-wŏn. Seoul: Kungnip Kugŏ Yŏn’guwŏn, 2002. 3 vols.
http://www.korean.go.kr/09_new/dic/rule/rule_foreign_index.jsp
Handbook of Korean vocabulary: A resource for word recognition and comprehension. Miho
Choo and William D. O’Grady. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1996. 387 p.
NTC’s dictionary of Korea’s business and cultural code words. Boyé Lafayette DeMente.
Lincolnwood, Ill.: NTC Publishing Group, 2004. 462 p.
A guide to Korean characters: reading and writing Han’gŭl and Hanja. Bruce K Grant.
Elizabeth, NJ: Hollym, 2004. 367 p.
Kugŏ yŏn’gam 국어연감 [Korean language yearbook]. Seoul: Kungnip Kugŏwŏn, 2005-.
http://www.korean.go.kr/09_new/data/kyear_list.jsp
4.5.27 Literature
Han’guk hyŏndae munhak taesajŏn 한국현대문학대사전 [Encyclopedia of modern

Korean literature]. Kwŏn Yŏng-min, ed. Seoul: Sŏul Taehakkyo Ch’ulp’anbu, 2004.
1595 p.
http://www.krpia.co.kr/pcontent/?svcid=KR&proid=43 (subscription-based)
Han’guk minsok munhak sajŏn 한국민속문학사전 = Encyclopedia of Korean folk
literature. Seoul: Kungnip Minsok Pangmulgwan, 2012-2013. 4 vols.
http://www.nfm.go.kr/ 자료마당 > 자료이용 > 발간자료 원문검색
http://folkency.nfm.go.kr/main/main.jsp
Pukhan munhak sajŏn 北韓文學事典 [Dictionary of North Korean literature]. Yi
Myŏng-jae, ed. Seoul: Kukhak Charyowŏn, 1995. 1206 p.
100-yŏn ŭi munhak yongŏ sajŏn 100 년의문학용어사전 [Glossary of literary terms of
the past 100 years]. Han’guk Munhwa Yesul Wiwŏnhoe, ed. Seoul: Asia, 2008. 893 p.
Han’guk hyŏndae sosŏl sosŏrŏ sajŏn 한국현대소설소설어사전 = The dictionary of
Korean novelistic words. Rev. ed. Kim Yun-sik and Ch’oe Tong-ho. Seoul: Koryŏ
Taehakkyo Ch’ulp’anbu, 2000. 1727 p.
Chapter 4 217
Pŏnan sosŏrŏ sajŏn 번안소설어사전 [Dictionary of words from Korean adapted novels].
Pak Chin-yŏng, ed. Seoul: Hyŏnsil Munhwa, 2008. 832 p.
Munhak pip’yŏng yongŏ sajŏn 문학비평용어사전 = Dictionary of literary and critical
terms. Han’guk Munhak P’yŏngnon’ga Hyŏphoe, ed. Seoul: Kukhak Charyowŏn, 2006.
2 vols.
Han’guk hyŏndaesi, siŏ sajŏn 한국현대시・詩語辭典 = Dictionary of Korean poetry and
poetic words. Kim Chae-hong, ed. Seoul: Koryŏ Taehakkyo Ch’ulp’anbu, 1997. 1245 p.
Han’guk sijo taesajŏn 韓國時調大事典 [Dictionary of Korean traditional poetry]. Pak
Ŭl-su. Seoul: Asea Munhwasa, 1992. 2 vols. & 2007 suppl.
Kodae sosŏl: a survey of Korean traditional style popular novels. W. E. Skillend. London:
School of Oriental and African Studies, 1968. 268 p.
Han’guk munhak pŏnyŏk sŏji mongnok 한국문학번역서지목록 = Bibliographies of
Korean literature in foreign languages. Kim Hŭng-gyu, comp. Seoul: Han’guk
Munhak Pŏnyŏk Kŭmgo; Koryŏdae Minjok Munhwa Yŏn’guwŏn, 1998. 935 p.
An annotated bibliography of Korean literature in translation, 1980-2002. Seoul: Korea
Literature Translation Institute, 2002. 191 p.
http://eng.klti.or.kr/e_main.do Archive > Korean Literature in Translation
Han’guk kŭndae munin taesajŏn 韓國近代文人大事典 [Biographical dictionary of

modern literary authors of Korea]. Kwŏn Yŏng-min. Seoul: Asea Munhwasa, 1990.
1361 p.
Han’guk hyŏndae munin taesajŏn 韓國現代文人大事典 [Biographical dictionary of
Korean contemporary literary authors]. Kwŏn Yŏng-min. Seoul: Asea Munhwasa,
1991. 2 vols.
Who’s who in Korean literature. The Korean Culture & Arts Foundation, ed. Elizabeth,
NJ; Seoul: Hollym, 1996. 555 p.
Han’guk hyŏndae munhak chakp’um yŏnp’yo 한국현대문학작품연표 [Chronology of
modern Korean literature, 1894-1994]. Kwŏn Yŏng-min, comp. Seoul: Sŏul Taehakkyo
Ch’ulp’anbu, 1998. 2 vols.
Yŏnp’yo ro ingnŭn munhaksa 연표로 읽는 문학사 [Korean literature history through a
chronology]. Kŭndae Munhak 100-yŏn Yŏn’gu Ch’ongsŏ P’yŏnch’an Wiwŏnhoe.
Seoul: Somyŏng Ch’ulp’an, 2008. 563 p.

4.5.28 Music
Han’guk ŭmak sajŏn 韓國音樂事典 [Dictionary of Korean music]. Seoul: Yesurwŏn,

1985. 544 p.
Kugak taesajŏn 國樂大事典 = Dictionary of Korean music. Chang Sa-hun. Seoul:
Segwang Ŭmak Ch’ulp’ansa, 1984. 1095 p.
Akhak kwebŏm yongŏ ch’ongnam 악학궤범용어총람 [Glossary of Akhak kwebŏm].
Song Bang-song. Seoul: Pogosa, 2010. 563 p.
An annotated bibliography of Korean music. Pang-song Song. Providence, R.I.: Asian
Music Publications, Brown University, 1971. 250 p.
Han’guk kŭndae ŭmak saryo saeginjip. Munhŏn charyo p’yŏn 한국근대음악사료색인집.
문헌자료편 [Index to Korean modern music sources]. Song Pang-song and Sin Sŏng-
ung. Seoul: Minsogwŏn, 2005. 682 p.
Kugak yŏn’gam 국악연감 = Gukak yearbook. Seoul: Kungnip Kugagwŏn, 1991-.
http://www.gugak.go.kr/ 연구마당 > 학술연구 > 국악연감
Chosŏn ŭmak yŏn’gam 조선음악년감 [North Korean music yearbook]. P’yŏngyang:
Munye Ch’ulp’ansa, 1985-1993.
Han'guk hyŏndae ŭmagin sajŏn 한국현대음악인사전 = Biographical encyclopedia of
contemporary Korean musicians. Song Pang-song. Seoul: Pogosa, 2011. 2 vols.
Han’guk kŭndae umagin sajŏn 한국근대음악인사전 [Dictionary of Korean modern
musicians]. Song Pang-song. Seoul: Pogosa, 2009. 624 p.
Chosŏn ŭmagin yŏlchŏn 조선음악인열전 [Biographical dictionary of Korean musicians
of Chosŏn dynasty]. Song Pang-song. Seoul: Pogosa, 2010. 625 p.
Han’guk ŭmaksa yŏnp’yo 韓國音樂史年表 [Chronology of Korean music]. Chang Sa-
hun. Ch’ŏngju: Ch’ŏngju Taehakkyo Ch’ulp’anbu, 1990. 490 p.
4.5.29 Philosophy and Intellectual History
Yugyo taesajŏn 儒敎大事典 [Dictionary of Confucianism]. Rev. ed. Seoul: Sŏnggyun’gwan,

2007. 3 vols.
Uri mal ch’ŏrhak sajŏn 우리말철학사전 [Dictionary of philosophical terms in the Korean
language]. Uri Sasang Yŏn’guso, ed. Seoul: Chisik Sanŏpsa, 2001-2007. 5 vols.
Chapter 4 219
Han'guk ch'ŏrhak sajŏn. Yongŏ p'yŏn, inmul p'yŏn, chŏsul p'yŏn 한국철학사전. 용어편,
인물편, 저술편 = Dictionary of Korean philosophy. Han'guk Ch'ŏrhak Sajŏn
P'yŏnch'an Wiwŏnhoe. Seoul: Tongbang ŭi Pit, 2011. 719 p.
4.5.30 Political Science and International Relations
T’ongil, Nam-Puk kwan’gye sajŏn 통일·남북관계사전 [Dictionary of reunification and

inter-Korean relations]. Kim Kŭn-sik, et al. Seoul: T’ongilbu T’ongil Kyoyugwŏn, 2004.
281 p.
Widaehan suryŏng Kim Il-sŏng tongji ŭi nojak yongŏ sajŏn 위대한수령김일성동지
의로작용어사전 [Glossary of terms in Kim Il-sŏng’s works]. Tang Chŏngch’aek Haesŏl
Tosŏ P’yŏnjippu, ed. P’yŏngyang: Kwahak Paekkwa Sajŏn Ch’ulp’ansa, 1982. 582 p.
Han’guk minjuhwa undong charyo mongnokchip 한국민주화운동자료목록집 [List of
resources related to Korean democratization movements]. Kwach’ŏn: Kuksa
P’yŏnch’an Wiwŏnhoe, 2005-2010. 3 vols.
http://library.history.go.kr/
2002-yŏndo minjuhwa undong saryo mongnokchip 2002 년도민주화운동사료목록집
[List of democratic movement resources up to 2002]. Seoul: Minjuhwa Undong
Kinyŏm Saŏphoe, 2002. 4 vols.
http://www.kdemo.or.kr/ 자료마당 > 일반자료실
Minjuhwa undong saryo mongnokchip:1945-yon-1979-yon 민주화운동사료목록집: 1945 년
-1979 년 [List of democratic movement resources: 1945-1979]. Seoul: Minjuhwa Undong
Kinyŏm Saŏphoe, 2007. 1043 p.
Taet’ongnyŏng kirongmul mongnokchip 대통령기록물목록집 = Guide to presidential
archives, National Archives of Korea. Sŏngnam: Kukka Kirogwŏn Taet’ongnyŏng
Kirokkwan, 2002-.
The following catalogs of presidential records are listed in order of presidency, with
the publication year in parentheses.
Yi Sŭng-man, Yun Po-sŏn Taet’ongnyŏng munsŏ p’yŏn. 이승만, 윤보선대통령문서편
(2004).
Yi Sŭng-man, Yun Po-sŏn Taet’ongnyŏng sich’ŏnggak p’yŏn. 이승만, 윤보선대통령
시청각편 (2005).
Pak Chŏng-hŭi Taet’ongnyŏng munsŏ p’yŏn 박정희대통령문서편 (2002).

Ch’oe Kyu-ha Taet’ongnyŏng, Pak Chung-hun Taet’ongnyŏng Kwŏnhan
Taehaeng munsŏ p’yŏn 최규하대통령, 박중훈대통령권한대행문서편 (2010).
Chŏn Tu-hwan Taet’ongnyŏng munsŏ p’yŏn 전두환대통령문서편 (2009).
No T’ae-u Taet’ongnyŏng munsŏ p’yŏn 노태우대통령문서편 (2008).
Kim Yŏng-sam Taet’ongnyŏng munsŏ p’yŏn 김영삼대통령문서편 (2008).
Kim Tae-jung Taet’ongnyŏng munsŏ p’yŏn 김대중대통령문서편 (2006).
No Mu-hyŏn Taet’ongnyŏng munsŏ p’yŏn 노무현대통령문서편. 2 vols. (2012)
No Mu-hyŏn Taet’ongnyŏng sŏnmul p’yŏn 노무현대통령선물편. (2012)
Yi Sŭng-man~ No Mu-hyŏn Taet’ongnyŏng haengjong pangmul pyŏn
이승만~노무현대통령행정박물편 (2013)
http://www.pa.go.kr/ 정보마당>발간간행물
The Syngman Rhee presidential papers: a catalogue. Young Ick Lew, et al. comps. Seoul:
Yonsei University Press, 2005. 232 p.
Kim Il-sŏng tongji ŭi nojak saegin 김일성동지의 로작색인 [Index to Kim Il Sung’s
works]. Chosŏn Minjujuui Inmin Konghwaguk Sahoe Kwahagwŏn and Kungnip
Chungang Tosŏgwan. P’yŏngyang: Sahoe Kwahak Ch’ulp’ansa, 1970. 772 p.
Taehan Min’guk oegyo yŏnp’yo 대한민국외교연표 = Chronology of diplomacy,
Republic of Korea. Seoul: Oegyo T’ongsangbu, 1962-.
http://diplomaticarchives.mofa.go.kr/ 외교사료편찬,전시홍보 > 대한민국외교연표
Nambuk kwan’gye yŏnp’yo 1948-yŏn~2013-yŏn 남북관계연표 1948 년 ~ 2013 년 [Chronology
of inter-Korean relations 1948-2013]. Seoul: T’ongil Yŏn’guwŏn, 2013. 574 p.
http://www.kinu.or.kr/ KINU 발간물>기타
Pukhan yŏnp’yo 北韓年表 = Chronicle of major events in North Korea. Seoul: Kukt’o
T’ongirwŏn, 1980-1990. 7 vols.
http://db.history.go.kr/ 시대별>통사>주제별연표>북한연표
Pukhan ŭi oegyo yŏnp’yo 北韓의 外交年表 = A diplomatic chronology of North Korea.
Seoul: Taehan Min’guk Kukhoe Tosŏgwan, 1974-1984. 4 vols.
http://dl.nanet.go.kr/ The volumes for 1978-1979 & 1980-1983 are available.
Calendar of diplomatic affairs Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, 1945-1975. George
Ginsburgs and Roy U. T. Kim. Moorestown, NJ: Symposia Press, 1977. 275 p.
Han’guk minjuhwa undongsa yŏn’p’yo 한국민주화운동사연표 [Chronology of Korean
democratization movement]. Seoul: Minjuhwa Undong Kinyŏm Saŏphoe, 2006. 600 p.
Chapter 4 221
4.5.31 Religion
Han’guk sinhŭng chonggyo ch’onggam 韓國新興宗教總鑑 [Survey on new religions in

Korea]. Yi Kang-o. Seoul: Han’guk Sinhŭng Chonggyo Yŏn’guso, 1993. 1606 p.
Kasan Pulgyo taesarim 伽山佛敎大辭林 = Encyclopaedia of Buddhism. Seoul: Kasan
Pulgyo Munhwa Yŏn’guwŏn, 1998-.
Han’guk Pulgyo taesajŏn 韓國佛教大辭典 [Encyclopedia of Korean Buddhism]. Seoul:
Poryŏn’gak, 1982. 7 vols.
Han-Yŏng Pulgyo sajŏn 한영불교사전 = Korean-English Buddhist dictionary with
Sanskrit and English equivalents. Ko Yŏng-sŏp and Hwang Nam-ju, eds. Seoul:
Sinasa, 2010. 887 p.
Han’guk Pulgyo ch’ongnam: 2008-yŏnp’an 韓國佛教總覽: 2008 年版 [Survey on Korean
Buddhism, 2008]. Rev. ed. Seoul: Taehan Pulgyo Chinhŭngwŏn, 2008. 1268 p.
Kŭrisŭdo sinmun, Yesugyo sinbo, Yesugyo hoebo saegin charyojip 그리스도신문,
예수교신보, 예수교회보 색인자료집 [Index to Christian newspapers, 1897-1914].
Seoul: Han’guk Kidokkyo Yŏksa Yŏn’guso, 2003. 467p.
Naehan sŏn’gyosa ch’ongnam, 1884-1984 내한선교사총람, 1884-1984 [Directory of
missionaries to Korea, 1884-1984]. Rev. ed. Kim Sŭng-t’ae and Pak Hye-jin, eds.
Seoul: Han’guk Kidokkyo Yŏksa Yŏn’guso, 1996. 698 p.
4.5.32 Sociology
In’gu taesajŏn 인구대사전 = Encyclopedia of population. Han’guk In’gu Hakhoe

한국인구학회, ed. Taejŏn: T’onggyech’ŏng, 2006. 891 p.
Han’guk simin sahoe yŏn’gam 한국시민사회연감 = Korea civil society yearbook. Seoul:
Simin Undong Chŏngbo Sent’ŏ, 2003-2006, 2009-.
In’gu chut’aek ch’ong chosa pogosŏ 인구주택총조사보고서 = Population and housing
census report. Taejŏn: T’onggyech’ŏng, 1992-. Multivolumes.
In’gu tongt’ae t’onggye yŏn’bo (ch’onggwal, ch’ulsaeng, samang p’yŏn) 인구동태통계연보
(총괄. 출생. 사망편) = Annual report on live births and deaths statistics (based on vital
registration). Taejŏn: T’onggyech’ŏng, 2000-.

In’gu tongt’ae t’onggye yŏn’bo (honin, ihon p’yŏn) 인구동태통계연보 (혼인·이혼편) =
Annual report on the marriages and divorces statistics (based on vital registration).
Taejŏn: T’onggyech’ŏng, 2000-.
Previously In’gu tongt’ae t’onggye yŏnbo (in’gu tongt’ae sin’go e ŭihan chipkye)
인구동태통계연보 (인구동태신고에의한집계) = Annual report on the vital
statistics (based on vital registration) (1986-1998) and In’gu tongt’ae t’onggye (in’gu
tongt’ae sin’go e ŭihan chipkye) 인구동태통계 (인구동태신고에 의한 집계) =
Vital statistics (based on vital registration) (1980-1985)
Kungnae in’gu idong t’onggye yŏnbo (chumin tŭngnok e ŭihan chipkye 국내인구
이동통계연보 (주민등록에의한집계) = Annual report on the internal migration
statistics (derived from resident registration). Taejŏn: T’onggyech’ŏng, 2009-.
Previously In’gu idong t’onggye yŏnbo 인구이동통계연보 (1970-2007)
Kukche in’gu idong t’onggye yŏnbo 국제인구이동통계연보 = Annual report on the
international migration statistics. Taejŏn: T’onggyech’ŏng, 2004-.
Ch’uripkuk, oegugin chŏngch’aek t’onggye yŏnbo 출입국·외국인정책통계연보 = KIS
[Korea Immigration Service] statistics. Seoul: Pŏmmubu Ch’uripkuk Oegugin
Chŏngch’aek Ponbu, 2007-.
Previously Ch’uripkuk kwalli t’onggye yŏnbo 출입국관리통계연보 (1984-2005)
Han’guk ŭi in’gu, chut’aek: in’gu chut’aek ch’ong chosa chonghap pogosŏ 한국의인구,
주택: 인구주택총조사종합보고서 [Population and housing in Korea: an analysis of
the census results]. Ŭn Ki-su, et al., eds. Taejŏn: T’onggye Kaebarwŏn, 2008. 475 p.
Samang wŏnin t’onggye yŏnbo 사망원인통계연보 = Annual report on the cause of
death statistics. Taejŏn: T’onggyech’ŏng, 1982-.
Pogŏn pokchi t’onggye yŏnbo 보건복지통계연보 = Yearbook of health and welfare
statistics. Seoul: Pogŏn Pokchibu, 1995- 2007, 2010-.
Previously Pogŏn t’onggye yŏnbo 보건통계연보 (1952?-1953), Pogŏn sahoe
t’onggye yŏnbo 보건사회통계연보 (1954-1994) and Pogŏn pokchi kajok t’onggye
yŏnbo 보건복지가족통계연보 (2008-2009)
http://stat.mw.go.kr/
Han’guk ŭi sahoe chip’yo 한국의사회지표 = Social Indicator in Korea. Taejŏn:
T’onggyech’ŏng, 1979-.
Sahoe chosa pogosŏ 사회조사보고서 = Report on the Social Survey. Taejŏn: T’onggyech’ŏng,
2008-.
Chapter 4 223
Previously Sahoe t’onggye chosa pogosŏ 사회통계조사보고서 = Report on the
Social Statistics Survey (1996-2007)
Han’guk chonghap sahoe chosa: KGSS 한국종합사회조사: KGSS = Korean general
social survey. Seoul: Sŏnggyun’gwan Taehakkyo Ch’ulp’anbu, 2005-.
2008 Han’gugin ŭi ŭisik, kach’igwan chosa 2008 한국인의의식·가치관조사 [Survey of
the consciousness and social values of Koreans]. Seoul: Munhwa Ch’eyuk
Kwan’gwangbu, 2008. 722 p.
Koyong nodong t’onggye yŏn’gam 고용노동통계연감 = Yearbook of employment and
labour statistics. Seoul: Koyong Nodongbu, 2010-.
Previously Nodong t’onggye yŏn’gam 노동통계연감 = Yearbook of labor statistics
(1978-2009) and Han’guk nodong t’onggye yŏn’gam 한국노동통계연감 (1971-1977)
http://laborstat.molab.go.kr/
Nodong kyŏngje yŏn’gam 勞動經濟年鑑 [Yearbook of labor economy]. Seoul: Han’guk
Kyŏngyŏngja Ch’ong Hyŏphoe, 1981-2000.
Pukhan it’al chumin kyŏngje hwaltong tonghyang: ch’wiŏp, sirŏp, sodŭk 북한 이탈주민
경제활동동향: 취업, 실업, 소득 [Economic activities of North Korean refugees:
employment, unemployment, income]. Seoul: Pukhan Inkwŏn Chŏngbo Sent’ŏ, 2007-.
http://nkdb.org/ Requires free registration.
4.5.33 Women’s Studies
Han’guk ŭi sŏng inji t’onggye 한국의성인지통계 = Gender statistics in Korea. Seoul:

Han’guk Yŏsŏng Chŏngch’aek Yŏn’guwŏn, 2009-.
Previously Yŏsŏng t’onggye yŏnbo 여성통계연보 (1994-2007)
http://gsis.kwdi.re.kr/
Women in Korea: statistical handbook. Seoul: Korean Women’s Development Institute,
2006-.
http://gsis.kwdi.re.kr/

Chapter 5
Information Technology
5.1. Introduction
By Hyoungbae Lee1
When it comes to the area of information technology, commonly abbreviated as IT, the
most drastic changes have been taking place since the publication of Korean
Librarianship outside of Korea (2002). As the technology advances, the related issues in
libraries also change and new problems and opportunities come along. While the chapter
for technology and library services in the 2002 manual was mostly focused on the Korean
input and display methods, reading and typing in Han’gŭl is not a major obstacle anymore
in the current computing environment. Most applications in contemporary operating
systems including mobile ones support Unicode. Windows 8, the most up-to-date version
of Microsoft Windows as of 2014, went as far as to support Middle Korean (옛 한글)
input method environment for the first time at the operating system level. The change of
technology also ushered in a large range of digital resources available locally or online,
which received relatively less attention in the previous manual. The importance of online
resources cannot be too much emphasized these days among library communities.
In this chapter, those issues that have newly come to the fore with the advancement of
technology in library environment will be discussed. The next two sections of this chapter
will discuss online resources available in Korean commercially or freely on the web: Fee-
based online resources in Korean and Free online resources in Korean. The following
sections will illustrate online resources on Korea in English and address some of
technological issues in current library practices and explore opportunities for improved
productivity. Finally, in the last section, the discussion will resume commercial Korean
online resources, probing the issues of subscriptions and opportunities of group purchase
licensing.
1
Korean Studies Librarian, East Asian Library and the Gest Collection, Princeton University
Chapter 5 225
5.2. Korean Fee-based Online Resources
By Mikyung Kang2
5.2.1 Books/Texts
 Kdatabase 한국학 전자도서관 (http://kdatabase.com/)
A database of full-text journal articles, books, and primary sources, mainly on Korean
modern and contemporary history; also known as Han’guk hyŏndaesa t’onghap
teit’ŏbeisŭ 한국현대사 통합데이터베이스. The majority of scholars who contributed
to this database are affiliated with Han’guk Yŏksa Yŏn’guhoe, Minjok T’ongil
Yŏn’guso, Hyŏndaesa Charyosil, Chungang Ilbo T’ongil Munhwa Yŏn’guso, etc., and
about 200 scholars contributed their full-text articles and books to this database.
Many primary source materials, including archival collections and government

documents, are listed for browsing by title in the main webpage. Links to two e-
dictionaries, Digital Pukhan paekkwa sajŏn 디지털 북한백과사전 and Digital
Pukhan inmyŏng sajŏn 디지털 북한인명사전, are provided as supplements. Digital
Pukhan inmyŏng sajŏn covers 73,106 names in North Korea.
Some full-texts are in PDF format, others in text format. Two search options are
available – keyword search from author and title, and expanded search. Browsing
options are also provided on the first page by period, subject, author, and primary
source reprint title.
 KoreaA2Z (http://koreaa2z.com/)
KoreaA2Z is a database of various contents such as dictionaries, old journals and

newspapers, e-books of primary and secondary sources, and online courses. Some of
the titles include scanned images of the originals as well as texts, and some titles are
independently searchable by keywords. This database covers various subject areas in
2

general, mostly related to Korean Studies. Search options and display of contents vary
title by title, depending on original data sources.
Included are journal and newspaper titles such as Sasanggye and Ssial ŭi sori.
 Books I&I : KSI e-books (http://ebook.kstudy.com/)
A database of e-books published by KSI (Korean Studies Information), which

contains more than 8,000 volumes as of March 2014. It is searchable by title and
author, and browsing options are available by subjects. There are approximately
2,000 volumes of reprint set titles, originally published in the formats of serials,
government documents, and archival collections. Many titles in humanities and social
sciences are found in this database.
 KRpia (http://www.krpia.co.kr/)
A database of various primary source titles in Korean Studies. There are 102 titles as
of March 2014, and some of the important primary sources contain the original
version in texts, translation, and scanned images of the originals. The database has
cross-searching capability of all titles in this database, while individual titles can be
searched independently.
Keyword, author, title search options are provided as cross-searching of all titles
within the entire database. Expanded search is also provided, with cross-searching
capability within each of seven subject areas. It is also possible to browse titles by
subject and Korean alphabet.
One exception is that one of the KRpia individual titles, Yŏnhaengnok ch’onggan,
chŭngbop'an ( 燕行錄叢刊增補版 ), is not part of the access through annual
subscriptions of KRpia, even though this title is listed in KRpia. Full-text online
access to this title has to be purchased independently. CD-ROMs are supplied as a
back-up copy when purchased.
 LawnB 로앤비 (http://www.lawnb.com/)
A database of information related to Korean Law in general, including laws,

legislations, acts, precedents and cases, citations of secondary sources on Korean law,
etc. It compares old and new legislation, and the history of the revisions of each law.
Chapter 5 227
Keyword search is available with cross-searching, and search results are displayed by
types of materials, such as cases, laws, secondary source citations, biographical
dictionaries, news, etc. Each search result is displayed with the search words
highlighted in the text. Browsing options are provided for laws and cases. Laws and
legislation can be displayed by Korean alphabet, subject, and responsible ministries and
offices.
 Korean History & Culture Research Database 한국역사 문화 조사자료 데이터베이스

(http://www.excavation.co.kr/)
A database of e-books and e-journals on Korean archaeology in PDF files, maintained
by Zininzin. It contains approximately 4,000 titles of archaeological excavation
reports published since the 1940’s; regional reports of folklore and civilization
published by 93 institutions; and fourteen scholarly journal titles on ancient Korea
(Korean archaeology, history, folklore, and civilization).
Search options include keywords, titles, regions, periods, publishers in basic search;
one can browse titles by institution, serial title, period, and region.
 CNC Haksul Chŏngbo CNC 학술정보 (http://yescnc.com/)
A database of North Korean sources, with material in the areas of language and
literature, law, cookery, history, geography, culture and art, medicine, and sciences on
North Korea. Full-texts and images are all searchable with cross-searching capability
in all of the categorized databases, and are also individually searchable in each
category.
The database is categorized into the following sub-databases:
o CNC 법률 North Korean Law (http://law.yescnc.com/): North Korea laws and
legislation, treaties between North and South Korea
o CNC 어문학 Language and Literature (http://language.yescnc.com/): poems,
novels, language dictionaries from North Korea
o CNC 역사 History (http://history.yescnc.com/): history books and museum
catalogs from North Korea
o CNC 요리 Cookery (http://food.yescnc.com/): recipes of North Korean food
o CNC 문화예술 Art and Culture (http://folk.yescnc.com/): books on Korean
folklore and culture, traditional music instruments, etc., published in North Korea
o CNC 한의학 Korean Medicine (http://medicine.yescnc.com/) : North Korean
translations of traditional Korean medicine books

 Online access of individual reprint set titles that are supplementary to other
purchases:
The following multi-volume reprint set titles are special cases of online resources. They
are neither subscription-based nor one-time-purchase-based e-resources, nor are they
considered to be individual e-book titles for online access. The online access of these
titles is provided as supplemental resources when each reprint set title in print is
purchased.
o Ilche ha chŏnsi ch’ejegi chŏngch’aek saryo ch’ongsŏ 日帝下戰時體制期政策
史料叢書 (http://www.kstudy.com/japan/index.htm)
o Kyŏngsŏng ilbo 京城日報 (http://www.kstudy.com/kyungsung_new/)
o Ilche sidae munhwa yujŏk chosa charyo 일제시대 문화유적 조사자료
(http://chosun.excavation.co.kr/)
5.2.2 Dissertations
 RISS International (http://intl.riss.kr/)
RISS International is an English interface of RISS (Research Information Service

System), designed specifically for international institutions. It is a national union
catalog of university libraries in Korea, maintained by KERIS (Korea Education &
Research Information Service). It provides downloadable full-text theses and
dissertations, journal articles, and bibliographic data of book and serial titles,
including over 1.5 million Korean full-texts and 7.9 million bibliographic records. It
is designed to provide MARC records, so that registered member institutions can
download MARC records and utilize them in MARC 21 format for acquisitions or
cataloging in their local library system or in OCLC after importing.
Full-text journal articles originally in DBpia, Hakjisa New Nonmun, Kyobo Scholar,
and e-Article are not available directly from RISS International. These databases are
referred to for full-text viewing from the search results.
Tables of contents and abstracts are also readily available from the search result list,
and fee-based inter-library loan requests of journal articles, book chapters, and
dissertations are available to users when full-texts are not available through RISS
Chapter 5 229
International directly. ILL fees are charged per request, and are separated from the
annual membership fee.
Basic and advanced search options are provided, and search results are displayed in
four tabs – Articles, Theses, Books, and Serials. Citations of selected search results
can be sent by e-mail, or export to text file or RefWorks.
5.2.3 Articles/Journals
 KISS (http://kiss.kstudy.com/)
KISS is a database of full-text journal articles in PDF format. As of March 2014, it

contains more than 1,750 scholarly journals published by approximately 1,300
research institutions in Korea, covering from the beginning issue to the current of
each journal title. It provides subject coverage is in all areas, but journals in
humanities and social sciences represent approximately 1,200 titles in this database.
Search functions are available by keywords, journal titles, article titles, authors, and
publishers. There are options to browse journals by subject areas, with alphabetical
Korean and English lists of journal titles to browse as well. Currently, KISS is
available to use in mobile devices through http://mkiss.kstudy.com.
Each citation record shows abstracts. One may export citations to bibliography
management tools, such as EndNote, RefWorks, Scholar’s Aid, and also to Excel,
email, text. Some article citation information is provided even without full-text
articles as additional information, answering a request from database users.
 DBpia (http://www.dbpia.co.kr/)
This is a database of full-text journal articles in PDF format, including about 1,900
scholarly journal titles and more than 1.5 million articles, from the first to the most
current issue. Basic search is available by author, journal title, publisher and keyword.
There are also three levels of searching options: fast search (via journal title and issue,
volume, or page number); expanded search; and Boolean search.
Browsing options are also provided by subject areas and by classification scheme (KDC).
DBpia provides a list of authors (by Korean alphabet), with linked articles. Up to five
pages of each article can be viewed by clicking ‘Quick View,’ while full-text articles are
available for downloading. Exporting citations to bibliography management tools, such

as EndNote, RefWorks, Scholar’s Aid, is available, but citations are also available to
export to Excel, email, and Text as well.
The record for each article shows abstracts and table of contents with detailed citation
information. There are options to export or save, information on other articles by
same author, and information on other articles in the same issue. Mobile service is
available through http://m.dbpia.co.kr.
 Kyobo Scholar 교보문고 스콜라 (http://scholar.dkyobobook.co.kr/)
A database of full-text journal articles in PDF format. As of March 2014, it covers

520 scholarly journal titles issued by 339 publishers in Korea. Search options are
available by article title, journal title, author, and subject area, and an expanded search
option is also available. This database provides alphabetic lists of publishers and
journal titles in Korean for browsing. Browsing by subject area is also available.
Each citation record shows table of contents and abstract, and gives options to export
to EndNote and RefWorks.
 E-Article (http://www.earticle.net/)
This is a database of full-text journal articles in PDF format from 781 journals
published by 536 research institutions in Korea, as of March 2014. Its focus is more
on social sciences and humanities. All journals are covered from the beginning to the
most recent issue. Each citation record shows table of contents and abstracts, with
thumbnails of first 10 pages of articles. There are options to export citations to
EndNote, RefWorks, Scholar’s Aid, and to download to Excel or send to email,
Twitter, and Facebook. There is a preview option to view first pages of each article as
well.
Basic keyword search and expanded search options are available, and browsing
options are also available by subject areas, journal titles and issues, and publishers.
Mobile service is also available through http://m.earticle.net.
 Hakjisa New Nonmun 학지사 뉴논문 (http://newnonmun.com/)
A database of full-text journal articles in PDF format, covering from the beginning to
the most recent issue. Basic keyword search, expanded search, and Boolean search
options are available and browsing options are also available by subject area,
publisher, and journal title. Each citation record shows abstract and table of contents,
Chapter 5 231
and also gives options to export citations to RefWorks and EndNote, and to Excel,
Text, email, Facebook, Twitter, etc.
Social sciences are primary focus of New Nonmun titles, particularly education and
psychology.
 KPM 조선언론정보기지 (http://www.dprkmedia.com/)
A database of material from North Korea: full-text newspaper and journal articles in
the humanities and social sciences, along with news photographs and videos. Included
are six newspapers (Nodong sinmun, Pyongyang times, etc.), and fifteen journals,
mostly in text format with some in PDFs. Coverage of each title varies, and not all
newspaper and journal titles are covered from the beginning issues. Some journal
titles are covered from late 1980’s, while others date from 2003 or even later.
Newspaper articles date from June 2005 to the present, and are updated on a real time
basis.
Because the database company is located in Japan, there is an option to change the
interface into Japanese, and some recent newspaper articles are translated into
Japanese for Japanese viewers. However, articles in Japanese are quite selective and
limited.
Keyword search is available for newspaper articles, journal articles, and news
photographs, and for both interface versions - Korean and Japanese.
5.2.4 News
 Chosŏn ilbo archive 조선일보아카이브 (http://archive.chosun.com/)
This is a digital archive database of Chosŏn ilbo (Chosun ilbo) from 1920 to the
present. PDF images of original newspaper issues are available for all existing
issues from 1920 onward, and they are browsable by date and year. Keyword search
from full-text is available beginning with the 1990 issues, but keyword search from
article titles is also available for all issues from 1920 on. Subject search is also
proviced, except for issues from 1990 to 1995.

 Tonga ilbo archive 동아일보아카이브 (http://www.donga.com/pdf/archive/)
A digital archive database of Tonga ilbo (Dong-a Daily) from 1920 to the present. PDF
images of original newspaper issues are available for all existing issues from 1920 on,
but keyword search from full-text is available from 1999 to now. Issues from 1920 to
1962 are indexed in subject and article titles, and searchable with index terms only for
the issues in this period. Issues from 1962-1998 are only browsable by dates.
Issues of Tonga ilbo from 1920-1999 are also available through NAVER NewsLibrary,
which is freely available and features keyword searching capability for the original
images.
5.2.5 Images/Multimedia
 KMDb VOD 한국영화 데이터베이스 (http://www.kmdb.or.kr/VOD/)
A database of Korean movies, maintained by the Korean Film Archive. This

streaming video service for Korean movies is available for institutional members,
and annual service fees are charged per PC.
As of March 2014, 395 film titles are covered under this service. Most of the movies
date from the 1960’s.
 Korean History Culture Series 진인진역사문화시리즈 (http://www.hisculture.co.kr/)
A collection of online audio-visual courses on Korean history and civilization,

created by Zininzin. Seventeen courses are found in the course list as of March 2014,
and three of them are prepared in English. All courses are in text, with optional
sound and images for viewing. Images may be enlarged. There is an option for
users to save texts and images.
Chapter 5 233
5.3. Free Electronic Resources for Korean Studies
By Hee-sook Shin3
This list consists of freely available online portals, databases, and webpages which
provide in-depth information. These resources are clustered either by format or by
subjects, which were then arranged in alphabetical order. Some of these resources are
repeated because they fall under more than one subject or format. Some of the detailed
explanations of the resources were adopted from the sites. In order to access the full text,
some of the resources in the list require that their own viewer be installed on the
computer. Some resources may not be compatible with certain browsers, such as Firefox.
5.3.1 Bibliographies, Catalogs, and Indexes
 Bibliographic Information of Translated Classics 고전번역서 서지정보검색

(http://db.itkc.or.kr/itkcdb/text/mks/mksMainPopup.jsp)
A catalog of translated classics written in Hanmun (Chinese) developed by the
Institute for the Translation of Korean Classics.
 Korea Citation Index 한국학술지인용색인

(http://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/main.kci? locale=ko)
Provides citation information, statistical data and bibliographic information on
domestic journals in Korea.
 Korean Historic Magazines 한국근현대 잡지자료 (http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=ma)
Provides indexes and full text of Korean historical journals and magazines from the
early 20th century, offering browsable full images by specific dates.
 Korea Historical Connection 한국사서지검색 (http://www.hongik.ac.kr/~khc)
Korean history bibliography containing over 100,000 titles published from 1872
through 2012 relating to Korea, Asia, and Korean art.
3
Korean Studies Librarian, C.V. Starr East Asian Library, Columbia University

 Korean Library Information System Network 국가자료공동목록시스템
(http://www.nl.go.kr/kolisnet)
A union catalog of the public libraries in Korea, including the National Library.
Bibliographic information is searchable by keyword, title, author, publisher, and
there is browsing by subject.
 Korean Magazine Museum Online 한국잡지정보관

(http://museum.kmpa.or.kr/search/search_publish.asp)
Developed by The Korea Magazine Association, the database offers bibliographic
information, front cover images, contents, and publishing information of the first
issues of Korean magazines published since 1896. Browsable or searchable by title,
publisher, and publication date.
 Korean Old and Rare Collection Information System 한국고전적종합목록시스템

(http://www.nl.go.kr/korcis)
A national catalog of Korean rare books and manuscripts which includes records
from 83 institutions. It provides full-text access to over 36,000 items.
 National Assembly Library 대한민국 국회도서관 (http://www.nanet.go.kr)
An online catalog providing bibliographic information for resources housed in the

National Assembly Library of Korea. It also provides more than 25 databases of
government publications, documents issued by the National Assembly, periodical
index, theses and dissertations since 1945, rare books, and other collections. Full text
e-resources are partially available.
 National Digital Library 국가전자도서관 (http://www.dlibrary.go.kr)
Provides the bibliographic information from nine participating libraries and portal
services. It also provides full-text information such as archives, official Gazette
(1894-1945), Newspapers (before the year of 1945), Korean classic books, and so on.
 Naver Book 네이버책 (http://book.naver.com)
Offers bibliographic information as well as tables of contents and book reviews of

publications, similar to Google Books.
Chapter 5 235
 Research Information Service System (RISS) 학술연구정보서비스 (http://www.riss.kr)
A union catalog of academic libraries of South Korea, similar to OCLC WorldCat,

which consists of over nine million records for books, serials, and non-book materials.
It also includes journal articles, and theses and dissertations. Some of the materials
are available in full-text online, along with the abstracts.
5.3.2 Biographies
 Artsnet Who’s Who 아츠넷 미술인물사전 (http://artsnet.co.kr)
A searchable database of Korean artists from the Chosŏn dynasty to the present.
 Biographical Dictionary of Korean People 한국인인명사전

(http://user.chol.com/~docex/imint.html)
Provides various biographical links in various fields featuring both South and North
Koreans.
 Digital Dictionary of North Korean People 디지털 북한인명사전 (http://www.kppeople.com):
Includes biographies of over 73,000 North Koreans; contains the birth date and place,
education, activities, photos and so on.
 Historic Korean Figures 한국역대인물종합정보시스템 (http://people.aks.ac.kr/index.aks)
An online database of Korean people, featuring more than 16,000 historic Koreans
from ancient to modern times, developed by the Academy of Korean Studies and the
Korea Agency for Digital Opportunity and Promotion.
 Joins People Search 중앙일보인물정보 (http://people.joins.com)
Provides short biographies of over 300,000 people, including profile information, but
requires a fee for in-depth information.
 Naver People Search 네이버인물검색 (http://people.search.naver.com)
Offers over 270,000 domestic biographies, including celebrities, politicians, artists,

sportsmen, etc.

 People Chosun = People 조선 (http://people.chosun.com)
Provides service similar to Naver People Search and Joins People Search.
 The Yearbook of Korea People 한국인물연감 (http://www.koreanvip.kr)

Includes more than 12,000 Korean biographies in all areas, including profiles, photos
and so on. Short biographies are free, but require a fee for more in-depth information.
5.3.3 Dictionaries and Encyclopedias
 Daum Encyclopedia & Dictionary 다음백과사전 & 사전

(http://100.daum.net/top/index.do , http://dic.daum.net/index.do)
Provides a searchable encyclopedia and multilingual dictionaries.
 Doopedia 두산대백과사전 (http://www.doopedia.co.kr)

An online version of the encyclopedia, “Tonga wŏnsaek segye taebaekkwa sajŏn”
Developed by Doosan Corporation.
 Encyclopedia Britannica Online Korea 브리테니커백과사전 (http://www.britannica.co.kr)

The Korean version of the Encyclopedia Britannica, which contains thousands of
articles, biographies, videos, and images. 30 % of the information in the encyclopedia
is related to Korea.
 Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (EncyKorea) 한국민족문화대백과사전

(http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr)
An online encyclopedia of Korean history, language, and culture. Revised and
updated version of “Han'guk minjok munhwa taebaekkwa sajŏn” published by the
Academy of Korean Studies. It is also accessible through the search engine, Naver.
 Encyclopedia of Korean Folklore Culture 한국민속대백과사전 (http://folkency.nfm.go.kr)

Compilation of eight encyclopedias on Korean folk life and traditions, developed by the
National Folk Museum. Includes: “Encyclopedia of Korean Seasonal Customs
(한국세시풍속사전)”, “Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Religion (한국민속신앙사전)”,
“Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Literature (한국민속문학사전)”. To be added by the year
2023: “Encyclopedia of Korean Rites of Passage (한국일생의례사전)”, “Encyclopedia of
Korean Folk Arts (한국민속예술사전)”, “Encyclopedia of Food, Clothing and Housing
Chapter 5 237
in Korea (한국의식주생활사전)”, “Encyclopedia of Occupations and Skills in Korea
(한국생업기술사전)” and “Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Society (한국민속사회사전)”.
Contents consist of Korean folklore, rituals, folk art, sound, video and much more.
 Encyclopedia of Local Korean Culture 한국향토문화전자대전

(http://www.grandculture.net)
One-stop search encyclopedia of Korean local culture providing all the information
on local history, politics, society, and so on. It also provides a digital map, name and
geographical indexes and chronology.
 Encyclopedia on North Korea 디지털북한 백과사전 (http://www.kplibrary.com)
Encyclopedia on North Korea, developed by Chungang Ilbosa, provides information

including a glossary, chronology, dictionary, etc.
 Glossary of Information Technology 정보통신 용어사전 (http://word.tta.or.kr)
A dictionary of information technology acronyms and terms.
 Glossary of Korean Studies 한국학영문용어/용례사전 (http://glossary.aks.ac.kr)
Developed by the Academy of Korean Studies, this is an online dictionary that offers
English language definitions of terms used in Korean studies.
 Korea Computer Mission Dictionary 한국컴퓨터선교회사전

(http://kcm.kr/search_dic.php)
Provides various dictionaries on Christianity.
 Korean Classical Music Dictionary 국악사전

(http://www.gugak.go.kr:9001/data/education/dictionary/dict_lst.jsp)
A Korean classical music dictionary developed by the National Gugak Center.
 Korean Standard Dictionary 국립국어원 표준국어대사전 (http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr)
A online version of the Korean standard dictionary offered by The National Institute
of the Korean Language, including idioms, proverbs, dialects, etc. The online
dictionary is free to download.

 Naver Encyclopedia & Dictionary 네이버 지식백과 & 사전
(http://terms.naver.com, http://dic.naver.com)
Provides various encyclopedias and multilingual dictionaries.
 Wikipedia 위키백과 (http://www.ko.wikipedia.org)
The Korean version of a free encyclopedia that allows anyone to edit.
 YBM All-in-All Integrated Dictionary YBM 올인올통합사전

(http://www.ybmallinall.com/index.asp)
A digital dictionary which consists of 24 dictionaries on language, business, etc.;
includes glossaries.
 Yonsei Korean Dictionary 연세한국어사전 (http://www.britannica.co.kr or directly at

http://kordic.britannica.co.kr/sear_frame.asp?keyword=%20&keykind=all&sear_type=part)
A Korean dictionary developed by Yŏnse Taehakkyo Onŏ Chongbo Kaebal
Yŏn’guwŏn. It can be accessed through the Encyclopedia Britannica Online Korea.
5.3.4 Films and Multimedia
 e Film Museum = e 영상역사관 (http://film.ktv.go.kr/index.jsp)
Provides government audio visual archives such as Taehan News, films, and voice
recordings. Coverage begins in the 1950s and extends into the 1990s.
 Korean Classic Film Theater on YouTube 한국고전영화극장

(http://www.youtube.com/user/KoreanFilm)
Contains 83 Korean classic films with English subtitles produced since 1930, on
YouTube, provided by the Korean Film Archive.
 Korean Movie Database 한국영화데이터베이스 (http://www.kmdb.or.kr)
Searchable Korean Movie Database on films, people, images, articles, criticisms,

scenarios, and publications. It also includes a VOD which has Korean films from
1930 to 1990 including classical films, documentaries, national videos and
independent films. Films are partially accessible.
Chapter 5 239
 Sine21 DB 씨네 21DB (http://www.cine21.com/db/top_movie)
Developed by Han Kyŏre, it contains information on over 30,000 Korean films

including production notes, people, reviews, articles and so on. It also provides
information on new films, comics, TV commercials.
 Film Information Center 영화정보센터

(http://www.kofic.or.kr/kofic/business/infm/introData.do)
Searchable Korean film database developed by the Korean Film Council includes
films, people, and film companies. Directory and Korean Film News are also
provided.
5.3.5 Geography and Maps
 Chongno Public Library 종로도서관고문헌원문검색서비스

(http://jongnolib.koreanhistory.or.kr)
Provides full text images of modern maps published between 1916 and 1927 and
geographical materials published between 1927 and 1930.
 Daum Maps 다음지도 (http://map.daum.net)
A mapping service provided by Daum.
 Forest Geographic Information Services 산림공간정보서비스

(http://www.forest.go.kr/newkfsweb/kfs/idx/SubIndex.do?orgId=fgis&mn=KFS_02_04)
Provides forest GIS including photos and satellite images developed by Korea Forest
Service.
 Land Portal 국토포탈 (http://www.land.go.kr)
As a portal, it provides a wide range of high quality geographic information which

includes Human-Oriented Geographic Information System, Geographic Names
Searching Service, Open API, Storytelling, and much more. It also provides online
version of the atlas book, entitled “Taehan minguk kukka chidojip”

 Map Services 국토지리정보원 지도검색서비스 (http://sd.ngii.go.kr:9000)
Developed by the National Geographic Information Institute, this provides various
geographic information of South Korea, such as national control points and national
base maps, GIS, surveying, and mapping.
 Naver Maps 네이버지도 (http://map.naver.com)

A mapping service like Google Maps, offering street maps, public transportation and
so on.
 Old Maps 고지도 (http://e-kyujanggak.snu.ac.kr/sub_index.jsp?ID=GZD)

Provides high-definition digital images of more than 220 old Korean maps along with
detailed information about the regions that each map covers. A location index allows
the user to search a location name on the maps.
 Seoul Map 서울지도 (http://gis.seoul.go.kr)

Detailed street map of Seoul hosted by the Seoul Metropolitan Government.
 The National Library of Korea Web Search Service 국립중앙도서관 고지도

웹검색서비스 (http://www.dlibrary.go.kr/Map/main.jsp)
Provides digital images of old Korean maps held in the National Library.
 Tourism Digital Map 관광전자지도 (http://map.visitkorea.or.kr)

Maintained by Korea Tourism Organization, it provides a digital map with tourist
information such as attractions, accommodations, restaurants, and shopping.
5.3.6 Newspapers and News Media
 Daily NK = 데일리 NK (http://www.dailynk.com/korean/dailynk.php)

An online newspaper focusing on the reality of North Korea with the subject of North
Korean democratization and human rights.
 e Film Museum = e 영상역사관 (http://film.ktv.go.kr/index.jsp)

Chapter 5 241
 Korean Historic Magazines and Newspapers 한국근현대 신문자료
(http://www.koreanhistory.or.kr/dirservice/chronicle/listNews.jsp?pLarDiv=CRONIC
LE&pMidDiv=NEWS)
An integrated full text database of Korean historical newspapers published from
1905-1931, offering browsable full images by specific dates.
 Korean News 조선통신 (http://www.kcna.co.jp/index-k.htm)

Contents are NK news articles, photos and archives published by the Korean Central
News Agency. Also provided are highlights and archives of “Nodong Sinmun”
 Media Kaon 미디어가온 (http://www.kinds.or.kr)
The new title of KINDS. This is a comprehensive online news database which
provides full text of newspaper articles from national dailies, economic dailies, TV
news programs, English language dailies, local dailies, professional newspapers, and
news magazines. It also provides historical newspapers such as “Tongnip Sinmun”
and “Taehan Maeil Sinmun”.
 Naver News Library 네이버 뉴스라이브러리 (http://newslibrary.naver.com)
PDF files of four Korean newspapers including “Kyŏnghyang sinmun”, “Tonga Ilbo”,
“Han Kyŏre”, and “Maeil Kyŏngje Sinmun”, operated by Naver.com, covering from
1920 through 1999. It is browsable by dates and searchable by keywords.
 Newspapers (-1950) 국립중앙도서관전자도서관 (http://www.dibrary.net/dlibrary)

Provides PDF files of pre-1945 Korean newspapers. It can be searchable by title and
index keywords.
 Newsstand 가판대 (http://www.newsstand.co.kr)
A comprehensive directory of Korean newspapers and magazines.
 NK Chosun NK 조선(http://nk.chosun.com)
Provides information about North Korean current news as well as editorials, research
reports, information on social conditions from North Korean defectors, etc.
 Shinmoongage 신문가게 (http://www.newspaper.co.kr/click.html)
A directory of over 80 Korean newspapers as well as English newspapers.

5.3.7 Statistics
 Culturestat 문화샘터 (http://culturestat.mcst.go.kr)

A portal which provides a variety of Korean arts and culture statistics. (please check
the webpage)
 Economic statistics System = ECOS 한국은행 경제통계시스템 (http://ecos.bok.or.kr)

A website for delivering economic statistics on the main sectors of the Korean
economy for policymakers and the public. It covers financial economic statistics,
national account statistics and various business and consumer survey statistics.
Search stat contains useful functions including fluctuation rate calculation, chart and
graph drawing and data downloading.
 Gender Statistics Information System 성인지통계정보시스템

(http://gsis.kwdi.re.kr/gsis/kr/main.html)
Operated by the Korea Women’s Development Institute, this site provides integrated
statistics related to gender as basic data for gender impact assessment and gender
budgeting, and evaluating the efficient implementation of national policies for
accomplishing gender equality. It provides not only national and regional gender
statistics, but also global standardized information. It can be searched by theme,
name, and topic.
 Internet Statistics Information System 인터넷 통계정보검색 시스템 (http://isis.kisa.or.kr)
A database developed by Korea Internet & Security Agency that provides various
statistics related to the Internet including IP addresses and Internet usage.
 Korea Federation of Small and Medium Business 중소기업통계 (http://stat.kfsb.or.kr)

Statistical information on small and medium Korean industries operated by members
of the Korea Federation of Small and Medium Business (Kbiz).
 Korea Health Welfare Statistics (HAWELSIS) 보건복지통계 (https://hawelsis.kihasa.re.kr)
A statistical information service portal operated by the Korea Institute for Health and
Social Affairs which provides a one-stop search database, including ‘a diversity of
report-type basic statistics’, ‘reporting statistics’, ‘health/welfare related statistics
produced by various institutes and ‘survey statistics’ generated by KIHASA.
Chapter 5 243
 Korean Social Science Data Center 한국사회과학 데이터센터 (http://www.ksdc.re.kr)
Consists of all kinds of statistical yearbooks published by the government, public
institutions and overseas institutions. The data is classified and processed through a
new data-input system developed by the KSDC.
 Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS) 국가통계포털 (http://kosis.kr)
Provides all kinds of Korean statistical information and data that is searchable by
subject, institution, and name. It also includes online publications on Korean
statistical information.
 Korean Educational Statistics Service 교육통계서비스 (http://std.kedi.re.kr/index)
Provides educational statistics on Korean pre-primary, primary, secondary, and

higher education, employment status of higher education graduates, and lifelong
education, as well as international education statistics.
 Media Statistics Information System 미디어통계 정보시스템

(http://211.51.233.18/index.asp)
Provides statistical data and surveys on media which includes media industry
statistics, media directory, media survey, and media yearbook.
 Merchandise Trade Statistics 수출입무역통계

(http://www.customs.go.kr/kcsweb/user.tdf?a=user.statsIndex.StatsIndexApp&bid=P
A012DM&npp=4&len=18):
Provides statistics on merchandise trade; the site is operated by Korea Customs
Service.
 Employment and Labor Statistics of Korea 고용노동통계 (http://laborstat.molab.go.kr)

Provides labor-related statistical data and information on economically active
population, wage and working hours, labor relations, the coverage of employment
insurance, work permit system for foreign workers, industrial accidents, and much
more.
 Science and Technology Statistics Services 과학기술통계서비스 (http://sts.ntis.go.kr/index.jsp)
Consists of various statistical data including OECD statistics on Science and

Technology by Ministry of Science, ICT & future planning.

 Seoul Statistics 서울통계 (http://stat.seoul.go.kr)
Provides statistical data related to Seoul, including population, public transportation,

education, environment and so on.
 Statistics Korea 통계청 (http://kostat.go.kr)
Provides various statistical information, statistical publications, statistics, surveys,

statistical databases and much more.
 Tour.go 관광지식정보시스템 (http://www.tour.go.kr)
Contains statistical data on tourism such as tourism policies, research materials, and
information on tour resources.
5.3.8 Arts & Culture
 Culture and Arts Information Services 문화예술정보서비스 (artsonline.arko.or.kr)
A database which provides a comprehensive art and cultural information such as

theater scripts, visual materials (play, music, dance, and traditional music) and much
more.
 Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea 문화재청 (http://www.cha.go.kr)
Provides information on cultural properties, palaces, royal tombs, North Korean

cultural properties, and so on. It also provides cyber tour into cultural properties,
maps, statistical data, dictionaries and glossary.
 Cultural Heritage GIS Service 문화재공간정보서비스 (http://gis-heritage.go.kr)
A searchable GIS service which provides cultural property information. It provides

not only description of cultural properties, but also photos, plans, video clips, and
much more.
 Cultural Heritage of North Korea 북한문화재 자료관 (http://north.nricp.go.kr)
Provides images and photographs of cultural properties in North Korea based on the
book “Chosŏn yujŏk yumul togam” published from 1988 to 1996.
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 Cultural Heritage Research Knowledge Portal 문화유산 연구지식포털
(http://portal.nricp.go.kr)
The National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage collected cultural heritage
research and compiled them into a database. The information including reports about
Korean arts, architecture and cultural assets is accessible through the Cultural
Heritage Research Knowledge Portal accompanied by metadata, image files,
drawings, video and audio data and other multimedia content. Archaeological
excavation and restoration projects are also accessible.
 Cultural Portal 문화포털 (http://www.culture.go.kr)
An integrated portal which provides information on Korean art and culture including
cultural news, exhibitions, performing events and so on.
 Digital Archive of Performing Arts 공연예술 디지털아카이브 (http://archive.ntok.go.kr )
Provides archives on performing arts containing audio and visual materials, photos,
posters, program brochures, and materials on performing arts.
 Hanstyle 전통문화종합정보 (http://www.han-style.com)
One stop search portal which links to various Korean cultural sites and provides
traditional culture-related information such as life, art, humanities, cultural heritage,
and so on, through government and private webpages.
 Korea Traditional Knowledge Portal 한국전통지식포탈 (http://www.koreantk.com)
The Korean Intellectual Property Office's vast database of traditional knowledge

includes documentation on old Korean and Chinese medicine, as well as a wide range
of articles and patent documents. The database provides various search options.
 Korean National Heritage Online 국가문화유산포털 (http://www.heritage.go.kr)
Detailed information about Korean national treasures, historic documents, traditional

music, and cultural customs with photographs. Other features include Cyber Tour
into Cultural Properties, Multimedia Folk Artifacts Gallery, and Cyber National
Museum of Korea, which includes 72 national, public, and university museums in
Korea.

 Kugak Archives 국악아카이브 (http://archive.gugak.go.kr)
Contains resources on traditional music, dance, Yŏnhŭi and creative traditional music
including private archives, video, audio, images, etc. Developed by Kungnip Kugagwŏn.
 National Folk Museum of Korea 국립민속박물관 (http://www.nfm.go.kr/)
The National Folk Museum of Korea, serving an educational and cultural role,
provides information on how Koreans lived in traditional times such as seasonal
customs, twelve animals of the zodiac, traditional Korean folk rituals, and so on.
Images and photographs about Korean culture are organized by directories and are
searchable by keyword.
 National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage 국립문화재연구소

(http://www.nrich.go.kr)
The searchable website provided by NRICH includes research papers, videos, sound
on important intangible cultural properties in Korea and traditional rituals and food. It
also provides basic dictionary of Korean history and the terms of cultural heritage.
 Seoul Arts Center 예술의전당 (http://www.sac.or.kr)
This website is a comprehensive center for information related to performance arts at

Seoul Arts Center, covering programs, theater, terminology, organizations,
performance VOD, customs of performances, etc.
5.3.9 Economics & Business
 Economic statistics System ECOS 한국은행 경제통계시스템 (http://ecos.bok.or.kr)
A website that delivers economic statistics on the main sectors of the Korean
Economy for policymakers and the public. It covers financial economic statistics,
national account statistics and various business and consumer survey statistics.
Search stat contains useful functions including calculation of rate fluctuations, chart
and graph drawing, and data downloading.
 Korea Federation of Small and Medium Business 중소기업통계 (http://stat.kfsb.or.kr)

Statistical information on small and medium Korean industries; the site is operated
by the Korea Federation of Small and Medium Business (Kbiz).
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 Korea Institute of Finance 한국금융연구원 (http://www.kif.re.kr)
Provides research and analysis on domestic and international financial trends, policy
study for the development of financial systems and the financial industry, research
and analysis on the managerial efficiency of financial institutions, and collection and
compilation of information on the latest developments in the domestic and
international financial sectors.
 KOTRA Global Window 해외비즈니스정보포털 (http://www.globalwindow.org)

Provides information on global market, global investment, and trade, as well as a
comprehensive guide to international business in over 90 major countries, etc. It also
provides economic information on North Korea, and full text of special reports.
5.3.10 Education
 Ministry of Education 교육부 (http://www.moe.go.kr)

Offers educational information such as policies, learning materials, school information,
education statistics, projects, etc.
 Korea Education and Research Information Service 한국교육학술정보원

(http://www.keris.or.kr)
Contains educational information such as white papers, annual reports, trends of
education, etc.
 Korean Educational Research Information Center 교육인적자원개발 (http://www.keric.net)

One stop search portal which provides various types of materials related to education.
Full texts are partially available.
 Korean Educational Statistics Service 교육통계서비스 (http://std.kedi.re.kr)

Offers various educational statistics in Korea developed by the Korean Educational
Development Institute.
 National Curriculum Information Center 국가교육과정정보센터 (http://ncic.go.kr)

A web based information sharing system on Korean and foreign national curriculums,
administered by the Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation. It covers educational
curriculum archives since 1945, educational law, and educational policy at the national or
regional level. Curriculums can be searched by school level, subject, and cycle.

5.3.11 Genealogy
 Korean Genealogical Table 한국족보자료시스템 (http://jokbo.skku.edu)

A collection of genealogical data providing a record of families, blood
relations, and so forth.
 Shin Chong-u Who’s Who 신종우의인명사전 (http://www.shinjongwoo.co.kr)

Provides information related to Korean genealogy including the history of
family names, family name associations, and other references to persons with
particular family names. It also provides a who’s who of historic Koreans.
5.3.12 Government
 Data.go.kr 공공데이터포털 (https://www.data.go.kr)

The official gateway to South Korean government documents; operated by the Korea
Agency for Digital Opportunity and Promotion.
 Electronic Government News 전자관보 (http://gwanbo.korea.go.kr)

An electronic edition of the official Korean government Gazette, since October 2000.
 e Presidents 한국역대대통령 (http://www.epresident.co.kr)

Provides digital archives of Presidents of South Korea, including biographies and
other related information.
 e Yŏngsang Yŏksagwan = e 영상역사관 (http://film.ktv.go.kr/index.jsp)

 Korea e-Government 대한민국전자정부 (http://www.korea.go.kr)

Official site of the e-government in South Korea. Contents include links to a range of
government sites and policies, Korean news, government press release, Korean
promotional periodicals, etc.
 KTV 국민방송 (=한국정책방송) (http://www.ktv.go.kr)

An on-air government news channel which provides policy broadcast, breaking news,
news, culture documentaries, etc.
Chapter 5 249
 National Archives of Korea 국가기록원 (http://www.archives.go.kr)
Provides a searchable database which includes 2.7 million archival sources including
documents on the colonial period, audio-visual and photographs, and serials from
government and non-government sources. It also holds presidential archives, foreign
documents related to Korea, oral histories, etc.
 Online Civil Affairs Services Minwon 24 정부민원포털 민원 24 (www.minwon.go.kr)
A civil affairs information gateway which provides 5,000 civil affairs services, such as
application submission, issuance and review, integrated civil service, authentication
service, and change of address service. It is required to install its application or a
keyboard secure program.
 Policy Briefing 정책브리핑 (http://korea.kr)
Provides government press releases and information about government publications.
 Policy Research Information Service & Management 정책연구관리시스템

(http://www.prism.go.kr)
Offers information about government policies for officials, departments and agencies
and the public. Contents provided by NLK are government publications including
research reports, and trends of dept. and agencies, etc. Research reports provide
abstracts, table of contents and full text of some reports.
5.3.13 History
 Complete Collection of the Korean Study of Confucian Classics

한국경학자료시스템 (http://koco.skku.edu)
A database of 145 volumes of texts from the collection of Confucian classics

published by Daedong Institute for Korean Studies at Sungkyunkwan University.
Images of the original text are provided.
 DB of Korean classics 한국고전종합 DB (http://www.minchu.or.kr)
Consists of full-text images of ancient classics, original and translated text files,
catalogs, bibliographical and philological information, and multimedia files of various

kinds; the site is maintained by Institute for the Translation of Korean Classics.
Contents are translated Korean historical classical books from historical records written
in Hanmun (Chinese) such as “Kugyŏk Chosŏn wangjo sillok” “Kugyŏk Sŭngjŏngwŏn
ilgi”, “Kugyŏk Ilsŏngnok”, “Han’guk munjip ch’onggan”, and many more.
 Tonghak Peasant Revolution Information System 동학농민혁명종합지식정보

시스템 (http://www.e-donghak.go.kr)
Provides information on Tonghak Incident by Donghak Peasant Revolution Foundation.
 Historic Korean Figures 한국역대인물종합정보시스템 (http://people.aks.ac.kr/index.aks)
An online database with information about historically significant Korean people,

featuring more than 16,000 people from ancient to modern times.
 Histopia 한국사정보사이트 (http://www.histopia.net)
Provides searchable databases with subjects such as old geographic names, historic
Korean figures, and Paekche cultural heritage and historic sites. It also contains many
links to various sources on Korean history, photos related to Sinmiyangyo (신미양요)
and much more.
 Changsŏgak Royal Archives 왕실도서관 장서각 디지털아카이브 (http://yoksa.aks.ac.kr)
A database of digitized collections of Changsŏgak, the library of the Academy of

Korean Studies. It provides a variety of materials including diaries, early han'gŭl
novels, the unofficial history of the Chosŏn Dynasty, and audiovisual materials about
Korean culture, oral literature, folk songs, and dialects.
 Korea Democracy Foundation Open Archive 민주화운동아카이브시스템

(http://db.kdemocracy.or.kr)
Provides historical documents, images, and oral statements regarding the Korean
democracy movement, provided by the Korea Democracy Foundation.
 Korea Historical Connection 한국사서지검색 (http://www.hongik.ac.kr/~khc)
Bibliography of Korean history, containing over 100,000 titles published from 1872
through 2012 relating to Korea, and Korean art, and Asia.
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 Korean History Database 한국사데이터베이스 (http://db.history.go.kr)
The Korean history full text database covering the pre-modern to modern history of
Korea. Categories include rare and modern monographs, periodicals, documents/
manuals, who's who, chronicles, and multimedia collection.
 Korean History On-line 한국역사정보통합시스템 (http://www.koreanhistory.or.kr)

A portal site which provides a cross-search service for various historical databases
built and shared by over 29 organizations, including the National Institute of Korean
History, Academy of Korean Studies, Kyujanggak Institute of Korean Studies, etc.
There is a directory organizing the materials according to type.
 Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies E- Kyujanggak 서울대학교규장각

한국학연구원 (http://e-kyujanggak.snu.ac.kr)
Formerly functioned as the Royal Library during the Chosŏn dynasty. It offers more
convenient access to digitized collections available either in full-text or as high-
definition digital images. Digitized collections include old maps, books, documents,
government records of the late Chosŏn dynasty and the colonial period, and much
more.
 Life – History Museum 옛문서생활사박물관 (http://life.ugyo.net)

Provides full text image of archives held by Korean Studies Advancement Center
showing the daily life of ancient people. Contents include records of everyday life,
manuscripts, multimedia, photos, etc.
 Bibliography of Internet Resources on Korean History 한국사홈페이지목록

(http://user.chollian.net/~toaya)
Lists Korean-history related organizations and individual scholars' webpages.
Organized by period.
 National Institute of Korean History 국사편찬위원회 (http://www.history.go.kr)

Provides full text of materials related to Korean history. It is possible to search
materials that the National Institute of Korean History publishes or holds through the
Hanguksa Database. It also provides full text of “Chosŏn wangjo sillok”,
“Sŭngjŏngwŏn ilgi”, Korean modern newspaper sources, series publications,
documents, and much more.

 National Memory Heritage Service 국가기록유산 (http://www.memorykorea.go.kr)
It provides the history of creation of Hangul and the history of Korean paper. The
‘Archival Heritage’ includes national treasures, material on the alphabet and
calligraphy. Full text documents are available.
 Northeast Asian History Network 동북아역사넷 (http://contents.nahf.or.kr)
A database of full-text collections of books, documents, maps, images, and online courses
on Northeast Asian history, created by the Northeast Asian History Foundation.
 Korean Epigraphic Visual Information System 한국금석문종합영상정보시스템

(http://gsm.nricp.go.kr)
Provides comprehensive Korean epigraphic information from the National Research
Institute of Cultural Heritage. This database is also searchable via Korean History
On-line.
 The Digital Library of Nammyŏng Study 남명학고문헌시스템 (http://nmh.gsnu.ac.kr/)
Provides various kinds of old materials on Nammyŏng study which includes old
books, collections of Confucian scholars' writings, documents, and engraved wood
blocks.
 The History of Korean Independence Movement Online 한국독립운동사

정보시스템 (http://search.i815.or.kr)
A comprehensive information system which offers online access to materials held in

the Independence Hall of Korea. This searchable database provides full texts, images,
multimedia, and so on.
 War Memorial of Korea 전쟁기념관 (http://www.warmemo.or.kr)
A database containing a total of 3,130 cases of Korean War and the Vietnam War
materials, including information on leading patriots, the two wars and battles, battle
sites, monuments, weapons, military relics, military terms, and photographs
concerning the wars and military history.
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5.3.14 Labor
 Daily Labor News 매일노동뉴스 (http://www.labortoday.co.kr)
Provides daily labor news including politics, economics and social society.
 Employment and Labor Statistics of Korea 고용노동통계 (http://laborstat.molab.go.kr)
Provides labor Statistical data and information on economically active population,

wage and working hours, labor relations, the coverage of employment insurance,
work permit system for foreign workers, and industrial accidents and much more.
 Korea Labor Institute 한국노동연구원 (http://www.kli.re.kr)
Conducts policy-oriented research on a wide range of labor issues, including

employment and wages, human resources development, industrial relations, health
and safely and provides access to the full text of the research papers. The site also
contains full text of its serials and KLI statistics archives.
 Ministry of Labor 노동부 (http://www.moel.go.kr)
Contains information about labor in terms of policies, laws and regulation about
work-place health and safety and so on.
5.3.15 Language & Literature
 DB of Korean classics 한국고전종합 DB (http://www.minchu.or.kr)
Consists of full-text images of ancient classics, original and translated text files,
catalogs, bibliographical and philological information, and multimedia files of
various kinds. A thesaurus of classical terminology is provided.
 King Sejong Institute 세종학당 (www.sejonghakdang.org)
A website that provides integrated information on Korean language learning and

Korean culture. There is also a Learning Management System (LMS) for the
administrators of the King Sejong Institute, Korean learners, and Korean teachers.

 KLTI DB 한국문학번역원 데이터베이스 (http://www.klti.or.kr/)
Provides databases of translated books, translated books published overseas, Korean
writers, dictionaries, and information on Korean literature. It also includes the full-
text of books on Korean literature in English.
 Korean Short Story Index 한국단편소설 색인

(http://www.hawaii.edu/asiaref/korea/SSIndex/ssmain.htm)
Consists primarily of Korean short story collections held by the Hamilton Library at
the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Some medium or full-length stories and plays are
also included as part of the collection. The site provides bibliographic information.
 The National Institute of the Korean Language 국립국어원 (http://www.korean.go.kr)

This site promotes the development of the Korean language and the improvement of
language used by the Korean people. It provides the most accurate and diverse
information on the Korean language, along with the Institute's Standard Korean
language dictionary and textbooks, its rules for dialects, pronunciation, grammar, and
so on. It also provides integrated information on the Korean language including the
21st Century Sejong Plan.
 The Korean Language Society 한글학회 (http://www.hangeul.or.kr)

Includes the current Korean spelling system and searchable databases on the Korean
language.
 Uri mal Paeumt’ŏ 우리말배움터 (http://urimal.cs.pusan.ac.kr)

A portal which helps with the learning of the Korean language. The contents include
literary rules, various dictionaries, useful tools such as transliteration guidelines,
spell/grammar check, etc.
 Study Korean 스터디코리안 (http://study.korean.net)

A free educational site created by the Foundation for Overseas Koreans, a
government-sponsored organization under the direction of the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs and Trade. It provides various information on learning Korean language and
culture for Korean language teachers overseas. Contents include e classes, learning
Korean for kids and adults, EBS contents, multimedia resources on Korean culture
and history, and so on.
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5.3.16 Law
 Constitutional Court of Korea 헌법재판소 (http://www.ccourt.go.kr)
Provides full text of constitutional court information such as cases of constitutional

adjudication and the publications of the Court.
 ILaw 아이로 (http://www.ilaw.go.kr)
Developed by the Ministry of Justice, it provides one-stop search for legislation,

cases, precedents, and legal research papers published both nationally and
internationally.
 Korean Law Information Center 국가법령정보센터 (http://www.law.go.kr)
The official government site for Korean legal information, maintained by the Korean
Ministry of Government Legislation. It provides full-text, table of contents, and
summaries.
 State of the Republic of Korea 대한민국영문법령 (http://elaw.klri.re.kr)
An online database which provides English translation of the statutes of the Republic
of Korea. Contents include the Constitution, and more than 1,400 major acts and
subordinate statues currently in force. It can be searched by statute name or statutory
history.
 Supreme Court of Korea Total Law Information 대한민국법원종합법률정보

(http://glaw.scourt.go.kr)
A searchable database covering Supreme Court case law, legislation, publications,
etc., concerning the Supreme Court of Korea.
 UNIL/W 통일과법률 (http://www.unilaw.go.kr)
A full text database which includes law information regarding unification and the
relationship between South and North Korea.

5.3.17 North Korea and Unification
 Encyclopedia on North Korea 디지털 북한백과사전 (http://www.kplibrary.com)

This encyclopedia on North Korea developed by Chungang Ilbosa provides information
including a glossary, chronology, dictionary, etc.
 Information Center on North Korea 북한자료센터 (http://unibook.unikorea.go.kr)

Provides extensive information resources on North Korea presented by the Ministry of
Unification. Included are links to North Korean films, text books, comics, and much
more. It also provides a portal, entitled Bukhan Chŏngbo Pŏtal (북한정보포털).
 Institute of North Korean Studies 북한연구소 (http://www.nkorea.or.kr)

Provides information on North Korea and unification. Included is information about
NK, bibliographical information of books and serials, streaming, photos, and so on.
 Pukhan net 북한네트 (http://nk.joins.com)

Provided by the Chungang Ilbosa, this website contains detailed information on North
Korea including current news, politics, economics, and much more.
 North Korean Encyclopedia 북한백과 (http://office.kbs.co.kr/tongil1)

This information blog on North Korea developed by KBS provides information on
the North Korean people, NK economics, arts, geography, and much more.
 North Korea Human Geography 북한지역 정보넷 (http://www.cybernk.net)

Provides a comprehensive database with these categories: administrative district
information; natural geographical information; human geographical information;
treasures and cultural properties; biographical information; folk culture; and multimedia.
 The South-North Dialogue 남북회담 (http://dialogue.unikorea.go.kr)

Provides records and minutes about the dialogues between South Korea and North
Korea.
 UNIL/W 통일과법률 (http://www.unilaw.go.kr)

A full text database which includes law information regarding unification and the
relationship between South and North Korea.
Chapter 5 257
 Uriminjokkiri 우리민족끼리 (http://www.uriminzokkiri.com)
Provides North Korean news from North Korea’s Central News Agency. The
contents include current news, the Korean Democratic Party, press releases, articles,
literature, arts (movies, music) newspapers (Nodong Sinmun), etc.
5.3.18 Philosophy & Religion
 Korean Computer Mission 한국컴퓨터선교회 (http://kcm.kr)

Provides in-depth information on Christian Missions.
 Sachal.net 사찰넷 (http://www.sachal.net)

A portal which provides links to a variety of sources on Buddhism. It provides
comprehensive information on Korea's traditional temples and a comprehensive
compilation of Korean Buddhist architecture & cultural treasures which represent the
spirit of Korean Buddhism.
 The Nammyŏng Studies System for Old Materials 남명학고문헌시스템

(http://nmh.gsnu.ac.kr)
Provides various kinds of old materials on Nammyŏung study which includes old books,
collections of Confucian scholars' writings, documents, and engraved wood blocks.
 Tripitaka Koreana knowlegebase 고려대장경지식베이스 (http://kb.sutra.re.kr)

Tripitaka Koreana, also known as the Koryo Taejanggyŏng, "a synthesis of all of the
Buddha's teachings," is divided into three sections, called pitaka, thus giving the
name Tripitaka (三藏). These three include the Sutra Pitaka, the Vinaya Pitaka, and
the Abhidharma Pitaka. The database also includes a Korean Buddhist dictionary as
well as a dictionary of Chinese Buddhist terms.
 Ugyonet 유교넷 (http://ugyo.net)

A portal by the Korean Studies Advancement Center provides full text of
manuscripts and archives on Confucianism.
 Won-Buddhism 원불교 (http://www.wonbuddhism.or.kr)

Provides detailed theories on Won-Buddhism. Also, it features scripture & dharma
words, meditation materials, a dictionary, and much more.

5.3.19 Science & Information Technology
 ITFIND (http://www.itfind.or.kr)
A large portal which contains information on information technology.
 Electronics Information Center 전자정보센터 (http://www.eic.re.kr)

A full-text collection of industry trend analysis, and technology development news
regarding materials, batteries, semiconductors, etc.
 Korea Biodiversity Information System 국가생물종 지식정보시스템 (http://www.nature.go.kr)

Developed by the Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum, it provides a
information on the state of national bio-resources such as plants, insects, fungi,
wildlife resources, etc.
 Korea Intellectual Property Rights Information Service 특허정보넷키프리스

(http://www.kipris.or.kr)
An internet based patent document search engine which covers publications of
Korean IPR applications, legal status information, trial information, etc.
 Korea Resource Sharing Alliance 학술정보공동활용협의회 (http://www.korsa.or.kr)

Operated by the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Library, this site
allows for comprehensive search of journals held by the KORSA alliance
organizations.
 Mirian 미리안 (http://mirian.kisti.re.kr)

As a portal focused on future technology, it offers systematic information on the
latest scientific technology trends and promising technologies, as well as in-depth
analysis reports written by KISTI researchers.
 National Digital Science Library 국가과학기술 정보센터 (http://www.ndsl.kr)

A portal which allows one to view full-text journals, research reports, patents, and
dissertations. Includes seminar multimedia viewing capability.
 National Science & Technology Information Science 국가과학기술지식정보

서비스 (http://www.ntis.go.kr)
Provides convenient one-stop access to information on government funded R&D
projects, including the program details, human resources, equipment and facilities,
and outcome, in real time collaboration with 15 ministries.
Chapter 5 259
5.3.20 Social Science
 Korean Social Science Data Archive 한국사회과학 자료원 (http://www.kossda.or.kr)
This site holds a vast range of quantitative and qualitative data and literature across
diverse social science disciplines, encompassing political, economic, social, and
cultural areas. Korea Foundation provides a free access to this database, but
registration is needed at (http://www.kf.or.kr/?menuno=377)
 Korean Social Science Data Center 한국사회과학 데이터센터 (http://www.ksdc.re.kr)
Consists of all kinds of statistical yearbooks published by the government, public

institutions and overseas institutions. The data is classified and processed through a
new data-input system developed by the KSDC.
 Multiculture.dibrary 다문화정보 (http://multiculture.dibrary.net)
Developed by the National Library of Korea, this site provides links to a variety of
sources on multiculturalism, including lifestyles in Korea. It also provides a list of
publications not only in Korean, but also in many languages and is accessible via the
National Digital Library.
 Pokchiro 복지로 (http://www.e-welfare.go.kr)
Provides a searchable database which provide access to information about the

national welfare services that are provided in Korea. It also provides welfare news,
policies, directories, and statistics.

5.4. English Databases for Korean Studies
By Kyungmi Chun4
This is a selective guide. Databases are categorized by type or subject and arranged in
alphabetical order in each category. The URL is provided only for free databases. The
annotations in this guide have mainly been extracted from the “About” pages of the
databases. Content/database providers for each database are noted in parenthesis at the
end of annotation.
5.4.1 Archival Collections and Primary Sources
 Archive Finder
Bringing together ArchivesUSA and the cumulative index to the National Inventory of
Documentary Sources in the UK and Ireland (NIDS UK/Ireland), Archive Finder is a
current directory which describes over 220,000 collections of primary source material
housed in thousands of repositories across the US, the UK and Ireland. (Chadwyck-
Healey/ProQuest)
 ArchiveGrid http://beta.worldcat.org/archivegrid/
A collection of over two million archival material descriptions, including MARC
records from WorldCat and finding aids harvested from the web, for archival
collections held by thousands of libraries, museums, historical societies, and archives
primarily in the United States. (OCLC)
 Declassified Documents Reference System

A full-text database, with some text blacked out by the issuing agency for security
reasons, of previously classified documents originating from the White House and a
variety of U.S. government agencies, which have been declassified by the U.S.
Federal government. Date coverage is largely post-World War II through the 1970s.
(Gale)
4
Korean Studies Librarian, Stanford University
Chapter 5 261
 Nineteenth Century Collections Online
A database of primary source collections for the 19th Century, sourced from the
world's preeminent libraries and archives. Includes full-text/image of books,
manuscripts, photographs, articles from newspapers and periodicals, and maps. (Gale)
 Online Public Access (OPA) http://www.archives.gov/research/search/

Online public portal to NARA (National Archives and Records Administration)
records. The OPA prototype currently provides access to nearly one million electronic
records currently in the Electronic Records Archives (ERA), which are not available
elsewhere online. (NARA)
 Wilson Center Digital Archive: International History Declassified

http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/
Contains newly declassified historical materials from archives around the world,
much of it in translation, and including diplomatic cables, high level correspondence,
meeting minutes and more. (Wilson Center)
5.4.2 Book Reviews
 Book Review Digest Plus

Book Review Digest Retrospective: 1903-1982
Book Review Digest Plus indexes book reviews of fiction and nonfiction, from 1983
to the present, and provides review excerpts and many full text reviews. Book Review
Digest Retrospective provides book summaries, abstracts, and citations for 1903-1982.
(H.W. Wilson/EBSCO)
 Book Review Index Online

Book Review Index Plus Online
Book Review Index Online indexes book reviews from journals and national general
interest publications and newspapers, from 1965 to the present. Book Review Index
Plus Online provides full-text reviews. (Gale)

5.4.3 Dictionary
 CJKV-English Dictionary
Chinese-Japanese-Korean-Vietnamese/English dictionary related to East Asian
cultural, political, and intellectual history. (A. Charles Muller)
5.4.4 Dissertations and Theses
 Dissertations & Theses A&I

Dissertations & Theses Full Text
Provides access to index and abstract records for U.S. and some international
dissertations and masters theses, spanning from 1743 to the present day. Dissertations
& Theses A&I provides a 24-page preview of the document, if published after 1997 in
electronic PDF format. Dissertations and Theses Full Text provides over 1 million
full-text dissertations. Although ProQuest Dissertations & Theses is the most
comprehensive source, some schools do not use this source. (ProQuest)
5.4.5 Government Publications
 AccessUN
Indexes current and retrospective United Nations documents and publications. Also
provides the full text or links to the full text of more than 35,000 of these documents
and publications. (NewsBank)
 Congressional Publications
Provides access to historical and current Congressional information and publications
(1789 to present), including selected full-text for Congressional committee prints,
House and Senate documents and reports (Congressional Serial Set), hearings, and
legislative histories. (Congress of the United States/ProQuest)
 Declassified Documents Reference System

see Archival Collections and Primary Sources section.
Chapter 5 263
 FDsys: Federal Digital System http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/
A service of the U.S. Government Printing Office that provides free online access to
full text publications from Congress and Federal agencies. (U.S. Government Printing
Office)
 OECD iLibrary http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/

The online publications library of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD) featuring its books, papers and statistics and is the gateway to
OECD’s analysis and data. (OECD)
 Official Documents of the United Nations (ODS) http://documents.un.org/

Covers all types of official United Nations documentation, beginning in 1993. Also
provides access to the resolutions from 1946 onwards. It does not contain press
releases, UN sales publications, the United Nations Treaty Series or information
brochures issued by the Department of Public Information. (United Nations)
 UNBISNET: United Nations Bibliographic Information System http://unbisnet.un.org/

Online catalogue of UN documents and publications. Also contains voting records
and indexes to speeches. Provides access to a growing number of full text resources.
(United Nations)
 UNdata: A World of Information

see Statistics and Numeric Data section.
 United Nations Treaty Collection https://treaties.un.org/

Contains the texts of all bilateral and multilateral treaties in their authentic
language(s), along with a translation into English and French, as appropriate, for those
treaties registered with the Secretariat. (United Nations)

5.4.6 Newspapers and Newswires
 Access World News

Contains news collection from worldwide print and online-only newspapers, blogs,
newswires, journals, broadcast transcripts and videos. (NewsBank)
 Alt-PressWatch
Provides full-text articles for over 210 newspapers, magazines, and journals of the
alternative and independent presses, from 1970 to current issue. (ProQuest)
 Alternative Press Index

Alternative Press Index Archives
Alternative Press Index (API) is a bibliographic database, with some full text, of
journal, newspaper, and magazine articles from over 300 international alternative,
radical, and left periodicals. Coverage begins in 1991. Earlier coverage (1969-1990)
is available in the Alternative Press Archive. (Alternative Press Center/EBSCO)
 CountryWatch
 Ethnic NewsWatch
Ethnic NewsWatch: A History
An interdisciplinary full text database of the newspapers, magazines and journals of
the ethnic and minority presses in America. Ethnic NewsWatch covers 1990-present,
and Ethnic NewsWatch: A History spans 1959-1989. (ProQuest)
 Factiva
Provides worldwide full text coverage of newspapers, magazines, trade publications,
newswires, press releases, television and radio transcripts, web sites, social media,
and more. (Dow Jones)
 LexisNexis Academic
Provides full text access to billions of searchable documents and records from more
than 45,000 legal, news and business sources for professionals in the legal, risk
management, corporate, government, law enforcement, accounting, and academic
markets. (LexisNexis)
Chapter 5 265
 NK News
An independent news, information and data provider on North Korea. Content
includes news, news aggregator, intelligence analysis, travel reports, and other data.
(NK News)
 World News Connection

Brings news from around the world, collected and translated by and for the U.S.
Government, from 1995 to 2013. The information is obtained from newspaper articles,
television and radio broadcasts, online sources, conference proceedings, periodicals,
and non-classified reports. (East View)
5.4.7 Statistics and Numeric Data
 CountryWatch
Provides country descriptions and statistical data on 192 countries, collected from
national governments, international and intergovernmental organizations, and
commercial publishers. (CountryWatch.com)
 LABORSTA Internet http://laborsta.ilo.org/

A database on labor statistics operated by the International Labour Organization
Department of Statistics. Includes statistics of employment, unemployment, hours of
work, wages, labor cost, consumer price indices, occupational injuries, strikes and
lockouts, household income and expenditure and international labor migration. Dates
for statistic coverage vary. (International Labour Organization (ILO))
 OECD iLibrary
see Government Documents section.
 Polling the Nations

An online database of public opinion polls containing the full text of 600,000+
questions and responses, from 18,000+ surveys and 1,700+ polling organizations,
conducted from 1986 through the present in the United States and more than 100
other countries around the world. (ORS Publishing)

 UNdata: A World of Information http://data.un.org/
Provides major UN databases and those of several international organizations in one
single Internet environment. It currently contains 60 million records in 34 databases,
covering crime, education, energy, environment, finance, food and agriculture, gender,
health, HIV/AIDS, human development, indicator database, industry, information and
communication technology, labor, national accounts, official development assistance,
population, refugees, tourism, and trade. (United Nations)
 World DataBank http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx

An analysis and visualization tool that contains collections of time series data on a
variety of topics. Dates of coverage begin in 1960 but vary by dataset and country.
One can create one's own queries; generate tables, charts, and maps; and easily save,
embed, and share them. About 50 databases are provided, including world
development indicators, education statistics, gender statistics, health nutrition and
population statistics, poverty and inequality database, etc. (The World Bank)
5.4.8 Multidisciplinary Sources
 Academic Search Premier

Offers indexing and abstracts for more than 8,500 journals and full text for more than
4,600 journals, including nearly 3,900 peer-reviewed titles. PDF backfiles to 1975 or
further are available for well over one hundred journals, and searchable cited
references are provided for more than 1,000 titles. (EBSCO)
 Bibliography of Asian Studies

Includes citations to Western-language periodical articles, monographs, chapters in
edited volumes, conference proceedings, anthologies, and Festschriften, etc.,
published worldwide from 1971 to the present. Monographs published since 1992 are
no longer being added to the database, but chapters in edited volumes are.
(Association for Asian Studies)
 C19, the Nineteenth Century Index

Indexes nineteenth-century books, periodicals, official documents, newspapers and
archives. (Chadwyck-Healey/ProQuest)
Chapter 5 267
 Humanities & Social Sciences Index Retrospective: 1907-1984
Provides citations to 1,300,000 articles in nearly 1,100 periodicals and to over
240,000 book reviews covering humanities, social sciences, and interdisciplinary
fields. (H.W. Wilson/EBSCO)
 Humanities Full Text

Provides indexing of nearly 700 periodicals, dating as far back as 1910, and full-text
articles from over 330 journals. Topics covered include art, classical studies, dance,
film, journalism, philosophy, religion and more. (H.W. Wilson/EBSCO)
 IngentaConnect
Contains citations, abstracts, and table of contents information for millions of articles
from over 10,000 publications in all subject disciplines. Full text access is available
for journals to which individual or institution subscribes. Access to individual articles
through pay per view is also available. (Ingenta)
 International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)

Includes over two million bibliographic references to journal articles and to books,
reviews and selected chapters dating back to 1951 from over 100 countries and
languages. (ProQuest)
 JSTOR
Includes full text of more than 2,000 academic journals, dating back to the first
volume ever published, along with thousands of monographs and other materials.
(ITHAKA)
 Left Index
A complete guide to the diverse literature of the left, with an emphasis on political,
economic, social and culturally engaged scholarship inside and outside academia.
Other topics covered include the labor movement, ecology & environment, race &
ethnicity, social & cultural theory, sociology, art & aesthetics, philosophy, history,
education, law, and globalization. Coverage includes more than 507,000 citations and
abstracts (with some full text) and spans from 1982 and earlier to present. Historically
significant early Left publications written in the formative years of the Left are also
covered. (EBSCO)

 PAIS International
Provides citations and abstracts, covering the world’s public affairs, public and social
policies, international relations, and world politics through a wide variety of
international sources including journal articles, books, government documents,
statistical directories, grey literature, research reports, conference papers, web content,
and more. It includes two databases, PAIS International (1972 to present) and PAIS
Archive (1915-1976). (Public Affairs Information Service/ProQuest)
 Periodicals Index Online

Periodicals Archive Online
Periodicals Index Online is a database of millions of citations for articles published in
37 key subject areas in the arts, humanities and social sciences, across more than 300
years (up to 2001). Periodicals Archive Online provides access to the full text of over
700 periodicals that have been indexed in Periodicals Index Online. (Chadwyck-
Healey/ProQuest)
 Project MUSE
Provides full-text access to scholarly journals from over 120 publishers in the arts and
humanities and social sciences. Dates covered vary for each journal. (Johns Hopkins
University Press)
 ProQuest Research library

A multidisciplinary resource featuring a diversified mix of scholarly journals, trade
publications, and magazines covering over 150 subject areas. Currently includes more
than 6,000 titles, 75% of which are available in full text from 1971 forward.
(ProQuest)
 Readers’ Guide Full Text

Readers’ Guide Retrospective
Contains comprehensive indexing of the most popular general-interest periodicals
published in the United States. Readers’ Guide Retrospective: 1890-1982 provides
indexing of over three million articles from more than 550 leading magazines.
Readers’ Guide Full Text provides indexing from 1983 and full text articles (as far
back as 1994 for some titles) from both the popular press and peer reviewed journals.
(H.W. Wilson/EBSCO)
Chapter 5 269
 Social Sciences Full Text
Covers the latest concepts, trends, opinions, theories and methods from both applied
and theoretical aspects of the social sciences. It includes citations and abstracts from a
broad array of important international, English-language periodicals, and full-text for
selected key periodicals, dating as far back as 1972. (H.W. Wilson/EBSCO)
 Web of Science
Includes 7 citation indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences
Citation Index, Arts & Humanities Citation Index, Conference Proceedings Citation
Index- Science, Conference Proceedings Citation Index- Social Science & Humanities,
Book Citation Index– Science, and Book Citation Index– Social Sciences &
Humanities. Can be searched by cited reference. Cross-database searching is enabled.
(Thomson Reuters)
5.4.9 Anthropology
 AnthroSource
Offers full-text resources from the American Anthropological Association journals,
newsletters, bulletins and monographs. (Wiley-Blackwell)
 Anthropology Plus
Combines Anthropological Literature from Harvard University and the Anthropological
Index, Royal Anthropological Institute from the UK. Indexes articles, reports,
commentaries, and obituaries from journals and edited works in the fields of anthropology,
archaeology, and related interdisciplinary research the early 19th century to today.
(EBSCO)
 Family & Society Studies Worldwide

Provides indexing with abstracts for literature on the family and family-related
subjects. Coverage spans from 1970 to the present. (EBSCO)

5.4.10 Architecture, Art, and Art History
 ARTSTOR
Provides digital images in the arts, architecture, humanities, and sciences from
international museums, photographers, libraries, scholars, photo archives, and artists
and artists' estates. (Artstor)
 Art Full Text

Art Index Retrospective: 1929 -1984
Art Full Text contains full-text articles dating back to 1995 and citations with
abstracts dating as far back as 1984 of art periodicals, yearbooks, and museum
bulletins. Covers fine, decorative and commercial art, folk art, photography, film, and
architecture. Art Index Retrospective: 1929-1984 indexes articles covering the period
1929-1984. (H.W. Wilson Company/EBSCO)
 ARTbibliographies Modern (ABM)

Provides citations and abstracts of journal articles, books, essays, exhibition catalogs,
PhD dissertations, and exhibition reviews on all forms of modern and contemporary
art. Entries date back as far as the late 1960s. (ProQuest)
 Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals

Indexes worldwide architectural periodicals (scholarly and popular periodical
literature and publications of professional associations) on architecture and design,
including the history and practice of architecture, landscape architecture, city
planning, historic preservation, and interior design and decoration. Dates covered are
1934 to present, with selective coverage back to 1741. (ProQuest)
5.4.11 Business
 ABI/INFORM Global
Contains business and financial information, most of it in full-text, from journals, key
trade publications, dissertations, conference proceedings, and market reports, from
1923 to the present. (ProQuest)
Chapter 5 271
 Business Source Complete
Provides citations and full text in all disciplines of business, including marketing,
management, MIS, POM, accounting, finance and economics. Indexing and abstracts for
the most important scholarly business journals back as far as 1886 are included. (EBSCO)
 Factiva see Newspapers and Newswires section.
 LexisNexis Academic see Newspapers and Newswires section.
5.4.12 Communication
 ComAbstracts
Contains citations and abstracts of articles and books published in the professional
literature in the field of communication studies, mass media and journalism. Dates
coverage vary depending on individual journal title. Earliest entries are from 1915.
(Communication Institute for Online Scholarship)
 Communication & Mass Media Complete

Offers indexing and abstracts for journals, encyclopedias, and handbooks, dating as
far back as 1915, in communication, mass media, and other related fields, with full
text for over 450 journals. (EBSCO)
5.4.13 Economics
 EconLit
EconLit with Full Text
EconLit indexes and abstracts journal articles, books, collective volume articles,
dissertations, working papers, and book reviews, dating back to 1886. Covers all
fields of economics, including capital markets, country studies, econometrics,
economic forecasting, environmental economics, government regulations, labor
economics, monetary theory, urban economics, and much more. EconLit with Full
Text contains all of the indexing available in EconLit, plus full text for nearly 600
journals. (American Economic Association/EBSCO)

5.4.14 Education
 Education Full Text

Education Index Retrospective: 1929-1983
Education Index Retrospective indexes more than 800 periodicals and yearbooks, and
cites approximately 850,000 articles, including book reviews. Education Full Text
provides full text of articles from over 350 journals as far back as 1996, in addition to
indexing of over 770 periodicals dating back to 1983. Subject coverage includes adult
education, continuing education, literacy standards, multicultural/ethnic education,
teaching methods and much more. (H.W. Wilson/EBSCO)
 ERIC
Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education, ERIC (Education Resource
Information Center) provides coverage of journal articles, conferences, meetings,
government documents, theses, dissertations, reports, audiovisual media, bibliographies,
directories, books, and monographs. Links to more than 323,000 full-text documents
dating back to 1966. The ERIC is also publicly accessible at http://eric.ed.gov/ and
covers publications since 1995. (Institute of Education Sciences/EBSCO, ProQuest)
5.4.15 Film, Theatre, and Performing Arts
 Film & Television Literature Index

Film & Television Literature Index with Full Text
Provides citations and abstracts for motion picture and television journals, magazines,
books, encyclopedias, and trade publications. Subject coverage includes film &
television theory, preservation & restoration, screenwriting, production, cinematography,
technical aspects, and reviews. Film & Television Literature Index with Full Text
provides full text from more than 200 journals and books. (EBSCO)
 Film Literature Index http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/fli/index.jsp

Provides free access to approximately 700,000 citations to articles, film reviews and
book reviews published from 1976 to 2001. (Film & Television Documentation
Center & Indiana University Digital Library Program)
 International Bibliography of Theatre & Dance with Full Text

Contains full text for more than 140 journal titles and citations for more than 60,000
journal articles, books, book articles and dissertation abstracts on all aspects of theatre
and performance in 126 countries. (EBSCO)
Chapter 5 273
5.4.16 Geography
 CountryWatch
5.4.17 History
 Historical Abstracts
Historical Abstracts with Full Text
Provides indexing of historical articles from more than 1,800 journals in over 40
languages from more than 90 countries back to 1955. Also includes book citations,
dissertations and theses. Coverage extends to related disciplines such as archeology,
anthropology and sociology. Historical Abstracts with Full Text provides access to
the full text of more than 349 journals and more than 120 books. (ABC-
CLIO/EBSCO)
5.4.18 Language, Linguistics, and Literature
 Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA)

Provides abstracts of journal articles and citations to book reviews drawn from over
1,500 serials publications, and also provides abstracts of books, book chapters, and
dissertations, covering all aspects of the study of language including phonetics,
phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. (ProQuest)
 MLA International Bibliography

Indexes journal articles, series, monographs, dissertations, bibliographies,
proceedings and other materials, dating back to the 1920s, on literature, language and
linguistics, folklore, literary theory & criticism, dramatic arts, historical aspects of
printing and publishing, rhetoric and composition and the teaching of language and
literature. (Modern Language Association/EBSCO)

5.4.19 Music
 International Index to Music Periodicals

Provides indexing and abstracts for several hundred international music periodicals
from over 20 countries, covering both scholarly and popular periodicals. Provides
both current and retrospective coverage, with indexing back to 1874. (ProQuest)
 Music Index
Contains cover-to-cover indexing and abstracts of articles about music, musicians,
and the music industry for more than 475 periodicals, as well as book reviews,
obituaries, news, and selective coverage for more than 230 periodicals from 1970 to
present. (EBSCO)
 RILM Abstracts of Music Literature

A comprehensive world music bibliography drawn from collections of essays,
conference proceedings, critical editions of music, digital media, dissertations, journal
articles, monographs, online resources, reference materials, reviews, technical drawings
of instruments, and sound recordings and motion pictures that present the results of
scholarly research of fieldwork from all over the world. Coverage spans 1967 to the
present. (International RILM (Répertoire International de Littérature Musicale)/EBSCO)
5.4.20 Philosophy
 The Philosopher's Index

Covering scholarly research in all major areas of philosophy, this Index contains
citations for journal articles and books drawn from over 1600 journals, originating
from 139 countries in 37 languages. The literature coverage dates back to 1940 and
includes print and electronic journals, books, anthologies, contributions to anthologies,
and book reviews. (Philosophers Information Center/ProQuest, EBSCO, OVID)
5.4.21 Political Science
 CountryWatch
Chapter 5 275
 Worldwide Political Science Abstracts
Provides abstracts and indexing of the international literature, from 1975 to present,
of political science and international relations, along with complementary fields,
including international law and public administration/policy. Provides abstracts of
journal articles and citations to book reviews drawn from over 1,500+ serials
publications and also provides abstracts of books, book chapters, dissertations and
working papers. (ProQuest)
5.4.22 Psychology
 PsycINFO
PsycARTICLES
PsycINFO contains abstracts from more than 2,500 journals published by many
different publishers in behavioral science and related fields ranging from education, to
nursing, to business, to neuroscience, covering from as early as 1894. PsycARTICLES
offers access to the full text of more than 100 journals. (American Psychological
Association (APA))
5.4.23 Religion
 ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials

Indexes journal articles, book reviews, and collections of essays in all fields of
religion and provides full-text of articles and book reviews in ATLASerials.
(American Theological Library Association/EBSCO)
 Digital Dictionary of Buddhism 電子佛教辭典
A compilation of Chinese logograph-based terms, texts, temples, schools, persons, etc.

found in Buddhist canonical sources. (A. Charles Muller)
5.4.24 Social Work
 Family & Society Studies Worldwide

see Anthropology section.

 Social Services Abstracts
Provides indexing and abstracts for journal articles and dissertations and citations to
book reviews, focused on social work, human services and related areas, including
social welfare, social policy and community development, from 1979. (ProQuest)
5.4.25 Sociology
 LGBT Life
LGBT Life with Full Text
LGBT Life contains indexing and abstracts for hundreds of LGBT (Lesbian, Gay,
Bisexual and Transgender)-specific core periodicals, books and reference works, and
data mined from priority periodicals and thousands of select titles. LGBT Life with
Full Text contains all of the content available in LGBT Life as well as full text for
more than 120 of the most important and historically significant LGBT journals,
magazines and regional newspapers, as well as more than 150 full-text
monographs/books. (EBSCO)
 Sociological Abstracts
Provides abstracts of journal articles, books, book chapters, dissertations, conference
papers, and citations to book reviews drawn from over 1,800+ serials publications in
the social and behavioral sciences, dating back to 1952. (ProQuest)
5.4.26 Women's and Gender Studies
 Contemporary Women’s Issues

Provides full-text access to articles on women in over 190 countries. Includes relevant
content from mainstream periodicals, "gray" literature, and the alternative press. (Gale)
 GenderWatch
Provides citations and full text of journals, magazines, newspapers, newsletters,
regional publications, books and NGO, government and special reports, dating from
1970 to the present, on the topics related to gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender
(GLBT) studies; family studies; gender studies, and women's studies. (ProQuest)
Chapter 5 277
 The Gerritsen collection of Aletta H. Jacobs
Contains indexing with citations and full images of books, pamphlets and periodicals
reflecting the evolution of a feminist consciousness and the movement for women's
rights. Dates covered are 1543-1945. (Chadwyck-Healey/ProQuest)
 Women’s Studies International

Indexes journals, newspapers, newsletters, bulletins, books, book chapters, proceedings,
reports, theses, dissertations, NGO studies, Web sites & Web documents, and grey
literature from throughout the world, spanning from 1972 and earlier to present. (EBSCO)

5.5. Technology and Library Services
By Hyoungbae Lee5
5.5.1 Korean IME (Input Method Editor)
Under the environment of Windows XP or earlier versions, installing and adding the
Korean language font and input method used to be quite a hassle. Since Microsoft officially
terminated its technical support of Windows XP as of April 8, 2014, explicating the hassle
in this manual will be irrelevant. In addition, the setup for Korean input is subtly different
depending on the version of Windows. Therefore instead of showing the setup process of a
specific version of Windows, I will explain how to find and add the Korean language
component rather in a general way, so that users can find assistance regardless of their
Windows versions. In order to add Korean language, one needs to open the Control Panel,
which can be found in the Windows Menu. The Control Panel can be opened by pressing
Windows key () and C key together. In Windows 8, the key combination is different:
Windows key () and X key first, then P key opens the pop-up menu. Once the control
panel is opened, there is a link to the setting for the language and region. Clicking the link
will lead to the option menu for languages, where display and input methods of languages
can be added or deleted. Unless the operating system is Windows XP or earlier, the
installation disk is not required. Make sure that you add both display and input methods in
the option. The process is the same for all other languages, if you add more than one
language.
Once the Korean IME is added, the system will now have more than one input language,
and the default language is the language of the operating system (English in most cases).
For example, if you have English Windows, your default input language is English and
you need to switch to Korean Input Method whenever you want to type Han’gŭl and vice
versa. Switching to a different language input method can be done by clicking the
language bar at the bottom of the screen or pressing Left Alt Key and Left Shift Key
together (Windows Key and Space in Windows 8). Having the Korean IME on top will
change your keyboard layout, reserving the Right Alt Key and Right CTRL Key for
5
Korean Studies Librarian, East Asian Library and the Gest Collection, Princeton University
Chapter 5 279
different purposes: the Right Alt Key toggles between alphabet and Han’gŭl input, and
the Right CTRL Key converts Han’gŭl to Hancha or vice versa.
The Right CTRL Key for Hancha conversion is useful because Korean specialists often
encounter the need to convert Han’gŭl to Hancha and vice versa in cataloging, searching,
word-processing, etc. Unless the Right CTRL Key is pressed within an application
containing a built-in Korean dictionary, conversion is always character by character and
users have to select relevant characters out of many homophonic variants: for example,
when one wants to convert 대한민국 to 大韓民國 in web browsers or cataloging
software, one has to type 대 and select 大, then type 한 and select 韓, and so forth. If you
type more than one character at once, you cannot convert all the characters to Hancha. On
the other hand, word processing software such as Microsoft Word has a built-in Korean
dictionary which enables users to convert Han’gŭl word by word. Within supported
applications, one can type 대한민국 as a word and press Right CTRL to convert the word
to the corresponding Hancha 大韓民國 automatically. This conversion based on a
dictionary is useful for finding corresponding Han’gŭl scripts when characters have more
than one reading or infrequent and difficult characters are used. For example, 陜 has two
variations of reading, that is, hap and hyŏp, and it must be read as hap in the geographical
name 陜川 Hapch’ŏn. Microsoft Word, the dictionary of which includes 陜川, never fails
to convert this name to 합천, whereas one cannot expect the same result in OCLC. In fact,
it is not difficult to find bibliographic records that read 陜川 as 협천, which is wrong.
Using applications with a built-in Korean dictionary may help reduce such errors.
5.5.2 Internet browsers
According to the statistics provided by StatCounter6, Internet Explorer was used by more
than half of the website visitors around the world five years ago, while Chrome was used
only by 6.04%. As of January 2014, Chrome is the leader occupying 43.67% and is
followed by Internet Explorer (22.85%) and Firefox (18.90%). Although the ratio is not
evenly distributed, it is evident online service providers will want to have their website
compatible at least with these three browsers to accommodate as many visitors as
possible.
6
Online web traffic analysis tool (http://www.statcounter.com)

<Distribution of web browsers (World)>
Chrome Internet Explorer FireFox

2014 JAN 43.67% 22.85% 18.90%
2010 JAN 6.04% 55.25% 31.64%
However, this is not the case with the Internet environment in South Korea. 97 out 100
people were using Internet Explorer five years ago, and as of January 2014, the Internet
Explorer is still the most prevalent web browser in South Korea. This means that Korean
web developers almost never needed to pay attention to the compatibility issue five years
ago, and as a result, almost all the online resources in South Korea required Internet
Explorer.
<Distribution of web browsers (South Korea)>
Chrome Internet Explorer FireFox

2014 JAN 17.76% 78.83% 1.45%
2010 JAN 0.77% 97.00% 1.66%
Though the percentage of Chrome use rose to 17.76% from 0.77% in 2014 statistics,
Internet Explorer has had the status of a de facto standard browser in South Korea.
Commercial database providers have recently started responding to the diversification of
web browsers taking place in South Korea as well, but still Internet Explorer is the
recommended web browser when you try to access to Korean online resources, especially
those provided by the government or in public domain.
5.5.3 Unicode, Han’gŭl, and Hancha
According to the introduction to Unicode at www.unicode.org, "Unicode provides a

unique number for every character, no matter what the platform, no matter what the
program, no matter what the language." In other words, users can see any character set on
their computer screen, as long as the character set is included in Unicode and the program
supports Unicode. Unicode is important for Korean specialists because they have to deal
with enormous amounts of information in Han’gŭl and Korean romanization on a daily
Chapter 5 281
basis, and cannot read or write on their computer without Unicode support. Since recent
operating systems and applications mostly support CJK Unicode, one may take it for
granted, but when it comes to cataloging and searching, everything is not quite so
straightforward. It is crucial to know the limitations of the current Unicode application to
cataloging and searching functionality in the library.
While Unicode 5.2, which came out in 2009, includes 옛 한글, it is not relevant to deal
with it in this manual. The most common set of Han’gŭl is 11,172 characters that are
from 가 (AC00) to 힣 (D7A3), which are all the possible combinations of three elements
in a Han’gŭl syllable. Having all these 11,172 characters in Windows does not necessarily
mean that one can use the same number of characters in bibliographic records, because
the valid characters are limited by the MARC-8 character set, which is a much smaller set
than the set of all the possible Han’gŭl characters. A large number of unused characters in
real texts such as 볙 or 힣, for example, are not usable in the library world, which is
understandable, but some legitimate characters are also excluded, which is problematic.
For example, 뱉 as in 침을 뱉다 ‘to spit’ and 웹7 as in 웹사이트 ‘website’ are some of
the examples that are legitimate in Korean but are not usable in bibliographic records.
Any book containing 뱉 or 웹 in its title cannot be retrieved by searching in Han’gŭl,
simply because the record cannot include the invalid characters in the first place. This
problem need and probably will be solved in the long run as the Unicode support evolves,
but as of 2014, Korean specialists are supposed to be aware of this problem for searching
and cataloging.
Another peculiarity in Korean Unicode (unlike in Chinese or Japanese) is related to a

group of Chinese characters that have more than one pronunciation, such as 惡 (악, 오)
and 易 (역, 이), or those that have more than one pronunciation because of phonological
rules, such as 女 (녀, 여) and 利 (리, 이). For example, 惡 has two pronunciations
depending on its meaning, which is also the case with Chinese and Japanese, but the
conversion process is different in Korean in that two representations in Han’gŭl have
separate Unicode mapping: 역 is mapped to C5ED and 易 converted from 역 is mapped
to 6613, while 이 is mapped to C774 and 易 converted from 이 is mapped to F9E0. This
means that the first 易 and the second 易 are treated as two different characters by
computers even though they look the same in appearance. To make things worse, only the
first 易, which is mapped to 6613, is valid in the MARC-8 character set. If one tries to
7
While 뱉 is used in native Korean words, 웹 does not exist in native Korean words and is used
only in borrowed words or names of Western origin as in 웹사이트 or 웹스터.

input 간이 ‘easiness’ and then convert it to corresponding Hancha 簡易, cataloging
system will indicate the 易 is an invalid character, and the searching system will yield
zero result because of the character. Instead, one has to type and convert 역 to 易, which
is counterintuitive, in order to obtain satisfactory results for cataloging and searching. On
the other hand, 利, pronounced 리 in 有利 and 이 in 利益, has two pronunciations
depending on its location within a word, which is not the case with Chinese and Japanese.
Though the origin of the two pronunciations is different, 利 has the same problem in
MARC-8 as 易, and must be always typed as 리 and converted to 利 in order to be
validated in cataloging and searching system. 樂, one of the most often used characters,
represents the most complicated case, because the character not only has three different
pronunciations depending on its meaning (악 ‘music’, 락 ‘happy’, 요 ‘to like’), but also
has two different pronunciations for 락 ‘happy’ depending on its location (락, 낙),
yielding four different pronunciations and accordingly four different code variations for
seemingly one character 樂. Only one variation (樂 from 악) is valid in cataloging and
searching. This situation is quite confusing both to librarians and users, but Korean
specialists need to know about this Unicode problem, in order not to be misled by the
Chinese characters which are the same in appearance but different in the background. For
example, if you type and convert 구급간이방 to 救急簡易方 cataloging system will
always refuse to save the Hancha due to the invalid 易, and searching system will always
fail to find the title. You need to type 구급간역방, which is the wrong reading and
sounds awkward, to convert it to the corresponding Hancha. These examples are not
isolated cases but there are currently a total of 267 Chinese characters in Unicode that
have the same issue of multiple pronunciations with multiple mappings. The following
table shows some of frequently used characters involving this problem.
Hancha Pronunciation MARC-8 Valid MARC-8 Invalid

이 or 리
李 674E (李 from 리) F9E1 (李 from 이)
depending on location
노 or 로
老 8001 (老 from 로) F934 (老 from 노)
불 or 부
不 4E0D (不 from 부) F967 (不 from 불)
금 or 김
金 91D1 (金 from 김) F90A (金 from 금)
depending on meaning
Chapter 5 283
Hancha Pronunciation MARC-8 Valid MARC-8 Invalid
차 or 거
車 8ECA (車 from 차) F902 (車 from 거)
북 or 배
北 5317 (북 from 북) F963 (北 from 배)
악, 락 or 요
F914 (樂 from 낙)
樂 6A02 (樂 from 악) F95C (樂 from 락)
락 or 낙
F9BF (樂 from 요)
솔 or 률
depending on meaning F961 (率 from 률)
率 7387 (率 from 솔)
률 or 율 F9DB (率 from 율)
The Korean family name 曺 (조 / Cho) also represents a similar case, in that there are two
variants mapped separately, although the character itself has only one pronunciation. 曺
(66FA) and 曹 (66F9) are the same characters with a difference by one stroke and
pronounced only as Cho in Korean: the former is used for Korean surname 조 as in 南冥
曺植 Nammyŏng Cho Sik, and the latter used for all other occasions as in 法曹人
pŏpchoin and 曹溪宗 Chogyejong. However, the latter character is valid in MARC-8,
while the former is not. As a result, 曺植 (Cho Sik), the Korean Neo-Confucian scholar,
appears as [Cho]植 in many bibliographic records, while 曹植 (Cao Zhi), the Chinese
poet and son of the famous 曹操 (Cao Cao), appears correctly without a problem. Unlike
the other cases mentioned above, both 曺 and 曹 are converted from the same Han’gŭl 조,
and users only need to avoid using the correct form of Korean surname 曺 in searching
and cataloging.
Best practice:
Always type Han’gŭl in the column of the MARC-8 Valid in the table above to convert
corresponding Hancha regardless of the irrelevant pronunciation. For example, type 악
and 원 for 樂園 instead of 낙원, type 패 and 북 for 敗北 instead of 패배, type 비 and 솔
for 比率 instead of 비율, etc. in order to obtain satisfactory results in cataloging and
searching. As mentioned above, there are 267 characters that have the same issue. If you
want to check if a character is valid or not, the Unicode consortium provides a handy tool
for validation of MARC-8 characters on its website: http://www.unicode.org/charts
/unihan.html.

5.5.4 Ayn, Alif, and Apostrophe
Ayn and Alif were originally used for Arabic romanization, and had been employed in
Korean romanization as well until the 2009 revision of ALA-LC Romanization Table
replaced them with the apostrophe. This change did not generate much impact on
searching practice at that time. As of 2014, however, when many libraries have
implemented a so-called next generation OPAC system, the replacement may cause
significant problems unless properly addressed locally at the institution level. In Voyager
OPAC, which is one of the older OPAC systems, ayn, alif, and apostrophe are all ignored
in searching, yielding consistent search results whether you include them or not in a
search string. For example, a keyword search with taejo, T'aejo, or Tʿaejo brings all the
records that include T'aejo, which was created or converted after the 2009 revision, or
Tʿaejo, which was created before the 2009 revision and remained unconverted, because
all these instances are treated as if they are taejo in Voyager. In addition, these words
were never indexed as aejo. In Primo, one of next-generation OPAC systems, on the other
hand, ayn and alif are still ignored, but apostrophe is not. This change of practice dealing
with apostrophe is immense improvement for European languages that used to suffer
problems in searching for words like l’amour, d’amore, etc., while the same change of
practice causes chaos in searching with Korean romanization. In Primo, 太祖 T'aejo is
never indexed as taejo, and keyword search with taejo does not retrieve T'aejo anymore,
contrary to the same search in Voyager. While T'aejo is being correctly indexed as such,
it is also incorrectly indexed as aejo just as French l’amour is also indexed as amour,
which was not the case with Voyager.
Best practice: the problem related with ayn, alif, and apostrophe implies two things: 1) in
a next-generation OPAC environment, users must include the apostrophe correctly to
retrieve relevant records; 2) If the local OPAC still contains old records including ayn and
alif, users must try a second search without the apostrophe to retrieve those old records.
5.5.5 Macros
A macro, which stands for macro-instruction, is defined as “an instruction written so as to
be equivalent to a chosen set of several instructions” in the Oxford English Dictionary. In
other words, a macro is a new simpler instruction that replaces a set of multiple
instructions when those instructions occur in pattern. A macro is useful when the same
pattern of output sequence takes place repeatedly in a workflow. For example, Korean
Chapter 5 285
romanization utilizes a superscript symbol called brève as in ŏ and ŭ to represent certain
vowels which cannot be represented by Roman alphabet alone. Inserting brève requires
searching for relevant commands and several mouse clicks, and the sequence of these
steps is always identical within one application. Therefore, this sequence can be mapped
into one command making the job much simpler by making a macro that automatically
identifies the current application and sends a set of instructions to enter appropriate
characters and brève according to the environment of the application in the question. This
is a simple type of macro, and the more useful macros can be, the more time-and-energy
consuming instructions they may embrace. For example, assume that you have 100
volumes, all the item records of which need to be modified with the location and the
lending period. Without a macro, you have to change the two elements and save the
record back to the database for each volume, for which it will take you at least 300 clicks
and as much time. With a relevant macro, this task can be done by just a couple of clicks
saving time and labor significantly. More complicated tasks can be defined in terms of
macros, as long as one can define the pattern of a task - whether the pattern is textual or
procedural.
Users need to train themselves in macro languages or macro software in order to produce
macros appropriate for their own uses, and macro language in each application is
different. Some applications have embedded macros that are optimized for that specific
application. Other macros are generic ones and can be used in combination with any other
procedure. In this manual, three different types of macro applications will be discussed: 1)
OCLC Macro Language, 2) Macro Express 3, and 3) AutoIt.
1) OCLC Macro Language (OML henceforth) is an example of embedded macro. The

online lesson provided by Joel Hahn is a good start point for beginners. The lesson
is available at http://www.hahnlibrary.net/libraries/oml/lessons/index.html, which is
sponsored and endorsed by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. While
OML is working only within the OCLC Connexion Client software, it can provide
more opportunities for OCLC Connexion than any other generic macro languages,
since OML has the direct access to each field in bibliographic records. Joel Hahn
also created many useful macros using OML and made them available at
http://www.hahnlibrary.net/libraries/oml/connex.html. To introduce two of them:
 AlifAyn2Apostrophe: a macro to convert all the instances of alif or ayn often

found in Korean bibliographic records into apostrophe observing the current
ALA-LC Korean romanization Table.
 Korean2Latin: a macro to create the parallel field for a field containing Han’gŭl
and link them. This macro must be used with a caveat: as the author indicated,

this macro is “a first draft at best,” and provides only mechanical transliteration.
It means that the macro has many limitations and especially that it does not
handle cases where romanization involves anomalies or exceptions. Users must
be acquainted with ALA-LC Korean romanization table well enough to work on
their own before they use this macro.
Consult the following webpage made by Joel Hahn to learn how to load OML into user’s
own workstation: http://www.hahnlibrary.net/libraries/oml/webmacros.html.
<OCLC Macro Editor>
2) Macro Express 3 (ME3 henceforth) is a commercial macro application for Windows

that many libraries are already using for office automation. This macro can help
increase productivity in many ways because it is a generic macro. In other words,
you can use it anywhere within your operating system. One of the strengths is that
ME3 provides an easy GUI environment, and therefore, users are not required to
know about the script language working in the background. This helps users
unfamiliar with programming languages learn and use macros easily. While good
for beginners, ME3 has a drawback for CJK users in that it does not support
Chapter 5 287
Unicode. ME3 can help copy-and-paste Han’gŭl strings or brève one by one, but
cannot store those strings as variables, which is one of the major obstacles for
building macros for libraries. As a result, users have to struggle to find a
workaround solution in order to tackle tasks involving Unicode strings. The tutorial
for ME3 by the manufacturer is available at: http://www.macros.com/tutorial/
ME3Tutorial.htm.
<GUI environment of Macro Express 3>
3) AutoIt is a free yet powerful closed source macro application for Microsoft Windows.
After its initial release in 1999, it has evolved into a much more powerful tool than other
popular freeware solutions. The most current version (as of March 2014) is called
AutoIt3 (AI3 henceforth) and is available for free download at the official website:
http://www.autoitscript.com/site/autoit/. AI3 is also a generic application like ME3, but
requires knowledge in script writing because it does not provide a GUI environment like

ME3. On the other hand, AI3 fully supports Unicode, thus causing no headache for the
use of CJK strings. This allows users to compile a script into a stand-alone executable
program so that the script may be used anywhere, even without the installation of AI3.
Using an AI3 macro, I have created a sample application to help typing Korean
romanization, which can be downloaded at http://www.princeton.edu/~hyoungl/utils.
<AutoIt3 Script Editor>
<Sample application created with AutoIt3 macro>
Chapter 5 289
4) Combination of macros
While there are many macro solutions available, whether free or commercial, there
is simply no one-fits-all macro for all needs. Some macros are embedded and more
specialized in specific applications, and others are generic and can handle a broader
range of tasks across applications. Some macros fully support Unicode, and others
don’t. Some macros are easy to learn but rather limited, and others are difficult to
learn but more powerful. This is why using multiple macro solutions yields more
efficiency depending on one’s need. For example, if you want to make a stand alone
searching utility that collects bibliographic information in Han’gŭl from a record in
OCLC, you need to use OML macro that can access directly to the field level in
order to retrieve the necessary information in raw data format. Then you can use
AutoIt3 in order to create a program that converts the retrieved raw data into proper
Han’gŭl text. This kind of task cannot be performed by one of the macros without
the other.

5.6. Korean Studies Electronic Resources: Purchase and
Subscription through Group Collaboration
By Miree Ku8
5.6.1 Introduction
The acquisition of electronic resources represents an increasingly important component of

library collection development; but electronic resources (or e-resources) come with more
complexity in license agreements and pricing terms than other library materials. It is the job of
the librarian to negotiate with vendors for the best possible deal on e-resources for the library.
Korean collections endeavor to provide a wide array of e-resources in order to better

serve their users. Much effort has been made by Korean Studies librarians in North
America to find reasonable ways to access a wide array of Korean Studies e-resources but
keep costs at a minimum. Since 2004, group collaboration on purchasing and licensing of
e-resources has helped to achieve this goal.
This section covers the brief history and current status of purchasing and subscribing to
Korean Studies e-resources as well as the grant programs to support eligible libraries
from outside of Korea access to these e-resources.
5.6.2 History9 and Current Status of Purchasing/Subscribing to Korean

Studies E-Resources
The group purchase of CD-ROM versions of databases related to Korean studies was first
attempted in 1998 by the University of California, but it failed due to technical issues: the
English-language-based Windows 98 didn’t operate with any of the Korean-language-
based CD-ROMs. In 2003, the efforts of Korean Studies librarians came to fruition in
providing access to commercial electronic Korean resources through collaborative
purchase and/or subscription.
8
Korean Studies Librarian, International & Area Studies, Perkins Library , Duke University
9
Chang, Jaeyong, and Mikyung Kang. “Group Purchasing of Online Korean Databases.”Journal of
East Asian Libraries 140 (Oct. 2006): 80-87.
Chapter 5 291
1. The First Group Negotiation in 2003
 Initiated by two University of California campuses, the Consortial Working

Group for Korean Online Databases (‘The Working Group” hereafter) was
formed with 4 members; Jaeyong Chang (UC Berkeley), Mikyung Kang (UCLA),
Yunah Sung (Univ.of Michigan), and Hee-sook Shin (Columbia Univ.).
 After having a 6-month free trial of selected databases, the Working Group began
negotiating with the vendors; database prices were set differently for participating
libraries depending on whether they had a full-time Korean Studies librarian.
 The following 5 databases from 3 vendors were negotiated at a fixed price for 5
years (January 2004 to December 2008).
Table 1. Korean Databases for the Group Negotiation in 2003
Number of Participating
Databases Company (Vendor)
Institutions in 2004
EncyKorea DongBang 7
Korea A2Z DongBang 9
DBpia Nurimedia 6
KRpia Nurimedia 6
KISS Korean Studies Information 9
 The number of participating institutions has increased: 29 institutions for

Nurimedia databases, 32 institutions for Korean Studies Information databases,
and 11 for DongBang databases in 2008.
 These e-resources were licensed between participating libraries and vendors

using a standard license agreement, a revised version of UC system’s standard
license format prepared by Mikyung Kang, Korean Studies Librarian at UCLA.
Individual libraries finalized and signed agreements for each database selected.
 The Working Group’s role was to select databases, request the trial and technical
requirements, communicate and negotiate with vendors about price structure and
term of a contract, and prepare drafts of standard license agreements on behalf of
participating libraries.
 Each participating library’s responsibility was to pay the annual subscription cost to
each vendor and to report and communicate any technical issues to each vendor
directly.

2. The Second Group Negotiation in 2005
 Given the success of the first group negotiation in 2003, the second group
negotiation for the remaining five databases followed the same procedures as the
first group negotiation.
 The following 5 databases from 3 vendors were negotiated at a fixed price for 5
years (July 2005 to June 2010).
Number of Participating
Database Company (Vendor)
Institutions
Kdatabase Korea Contents Lab 9
KPjournal Korea Contents Lab 0
Korean Studies
Choson Ilbo Archive 12
Information
Ilche sidae munhwa
Zininzin 5
yujǒk charyo chosa
Zininzin palgul pogosǒ
Zininzin 0
database
3. The Third Group Negotiation in 2008
 The Task Force on Korean Online Database Negotiation (“The Task Force”
hereafter) was formed in April, 2008, in order to make a group negotiation with
e-Korean Studies (“EKS” hereafter), which was launched as an integrated Korean
database service for libraries from outside of Korea in 2008.
 EKS was launched as a consortium of 6 major database companies in 2008;

Korean Studies Information (KIS), Nurimedia, Dongbang Media, Korea Contents
Lab, Zininzin, and LawnB
 The Task Force consisted of 5 members; Helen Kim (Univ. of British Columbia),
Chanung Park (Ohio Univ.), Hee-sook Shin (Columbia Univ.), Jaeyong Chang
(UC Berkeley), and Hana Kim (Univ. of Toronto).
 e-Korean Studies (EKS) included the following 11 databases from 6 vendors;
o KISS (Korean Studies Information)

o KSI e-book (Korean Studies Information)
Chapter 5 293
o DBpia (Nurimedia)
o KRpia (Nurimedia)
o Digital Culture Art Course (DongBang Media)
o KoreaA2Z (DongBang Media)
o Kdatabase (Korea Contents Lab)
o KPjournal (Korea Contents Lab)
o Korean History & Culture Research Database (Zininzin)
o History Culture Series (Zininzin)
o LawnB’s Legal Information Service (LawnB)
 The trial service started from May, 2008 through October 31, 2008, but was later
extended until March 31, 2009.
 The Task Force not only conducted a survey of the availability of affordable
pricing, database preference, and e-resource related opinions, but also put a great
deal of effort into conducting effective negotiations for the best price deal with
EKS.
 At the same time, the Task Force succeeded in persuading the Korea Foundation
to support overseas Korean collections in obtaining Korean Studies e-resources.
As a result, the participating institutions received a grant from the Korea
Foundation, which was 40% of the total subscription price, but institutions
belonging to Group A (national libraries) were excluded from the grant program.
 A total of 29 institutions from 3 countries took advantage of this group

negotiation and grant program. The total amount of the grant supported by the
Korea Foundation was $117,000.
 The initial annual subscription price for 11 databases was $68,000. However,
thanks to incredible efforts by the Task Force, the annual subscription price for
five categorized groups were finalized for one year (January 2009 to December
2009)10 as follows:
10
Due to many requests from institutions belonging to Groups D and E, the trial service period
and the dates for KF’s application submission and notification have been extended. Therefore,
the terms of each contract were somewhat different, depending on each institution.

Table 3. Group Subscription Prices in 2009
Cost sharing Number of

Subscription Cost sharing
Group (University Participating
Cost (KF 40%)
60%) Institutions
A $17,400 N/A $17,400 0
B $14,500 $5,800 $8,700 12
C $11,600 $4.640 $6,960 1
D $8,700 $3,480 $5,220 4
E $5,800 $2,320 $3,480 12
*Group A: National libraries
*Group B: Member institutions of the Korean Collections Consortium of North America
(KCCNA)
*Group C: Institutions with full-time Korean Librarian, but not a member of KCCNA
*Group D: Institutions with part-time Korean Librarian
*Group E: Institutions with East Asian Librarian
4. The Fourth Group Negotiation in 2010
 EKS was launched as a consortium of 6 major database companies in 2008.

However, Nurimedia decided to separate from EKS in 2009, and as a result, the
Task Force needed to work on group negotiation with EKS and Nurimedia.
 The new Task Force on Korean Studies e-resources11 was formed in October 1,
2009, with 4 members; Mikyung Kang (Harvard Univ.), Miree Ku (Duke Univ.),
Sun-Yoon Lee (Univ. of Southern California), and Yunah Sung (Univ. of
Michigan).
 The Task Force members discussed a new strategy of negotiations putting

emphasis on
o Evaluating the group classification of 2009
o Evaluating e-resources that were included in group negotiations the previous

year
o Considering small Korean collections that had a Korean Studies librarian
o Considering East Asian collections without a Korean studies librarian
11
The former name in 2008 was “the Task Force on Korean Online Database Negotiation.”
Chapter 5 295
o Considering Korean studies e-resources that had not been included for group
negotiation until then
o Checking whether or not the Korea Foundation’s grant program would

continue
 After two months of in-depth discussion via email and phone12, the Task Force
members flew to Korea at their own expense in part13 and had meetings with
database vendors and the Korea Foundation from December 8 to 11 in Seoul.
Without mutual trust and effective communications, the group negotiation could
not have produced a successful outcome.
 The new prices for EKS (9 databases) and Nurimedia (2 databases) were finalized
for 4 groups for 3 years (March 2010 to February 2013) with a 3% annual
increase.14
Table 4. Group Subscription Prices in 2010
Nurimedia16
Library Group EKS Price15 Total
Price
NL $11,400 $8,826 $20,226
A $11,400 $6,771 $18,171
B $6,840 $5,307 $12,147
C $4,560 $3,820 $8,380
12
The TF members created a google group to share and archive its in-depth discussion among
members. From October 2009 to March 2010, the members exchanged about 1,700 emails
regarding the group negotiation on e-resources, and archived the analyses of the contents,
statistics, and prices of each database. Those efforts lead to a positive outcome when the
members had meetings with vendors in Korea.
13
Only one member of the Task Force could get travel support from her institution, and another
member didn’t get any support. Two other members received the round-trip airfare only.
14
The Korea Foundation supported up to 50% of the total subscription fee, not to exceed $5,000
per institution.
15
EKS’s first offer was $16,675 (Group A), $10,005 (Group B), and $6,670 (Group C), which was a
15% increase from the last year’s price. At this point, Nurimdedia’s databases were included in
EKS. The Task Force negotiated with EKS, and finalized the price as $11,400 (Group A), $6,840
(Group B), and $4, 560 (Group C).
16
Nurimedia’s first offer was $16, 650 (Group A), $13, 050 (Group B), $9,450 (Group C) and
finalized with $6,771, $5,307, and $3,820 respectively after negotiation with the Task Force.

 The new group classification which was much simpler than the previous year
was as follows:
Table 5. Group Classification in 2010
Library Group Description

NL National Library
Member Institutions of the Korean Collections Consortium
A
of North America (KCCNA)
Institutions with a Korean Studies Librarian, but not a
B
member of the KCCNA
Institutions without a Korean Studies Librarian, or with a
C part time Korean Studies Librarian who manages Korean
materials
 For the group negotiation, e-Korean Studies (EKS) included 9 databases and
Nurimedia included 2 databases as follows:
DB
DB Company Database
package
EKS Korean Studies Information KISS
Korean Studies Information KSI e-book
Korea Contents Lab Kdatabase
Korea Contents Lab KPjournal
Dongbang Media KoreaA2Z
Dongbang Media Digital Culture Art Course
Zininzin Korean History & Culture Research
Zininzin History Culture Series
LawnB Legal Information Service
Nurimedia Nurimedia DBpia
Nurimedia KRpia
 On behalf of the Korea Foundation, the Task Force announced the Support for
Korean Studies E-resources Program (2010) through the Eastlib and KS mailing
lists.
o The object of the program was to provide support to eligible universities to

offset the user/subscription fees that are required to access online Korean
Chapter 5 297
Studies resources. This was a great benefit of Korean studies-related scholars
and graduate students.
o The followings are the summary of the Support program in 2010;
 Application deadline: February 12, 2010
 Notification: By the end of February, 2010
 Scope of Support: Up to 50% of the user/subscription fee and limited to

$5,000
 Applicable e-resources: online databases; e-journals; e-books, such as

E-Korean Studies (including KISS), Nurimedia (DBpia and KRpia), and
RISS International; and other fee-based online databases on Korean
Studies
 In 2010, a total of 41 institutions from 8 countries took advantage of this group

negotiation and grant program. The total amount of the grant supported by the
Korea Foundation was $138,000. The Korea Foundation gave $168,000 to 45
institutions from 8 countries in 2011.
 In 2010, Miree Ku, a member of the Task Force, created the LibGuide on ”the
Collective Subscription of Korean e-resources” which includes relevant
information on various Korean e-resources, vendor information, the Korea
Foundation Support Program, and frequently asked questions about the Collective
Subscription of Korean Studies e-resources, etc.
(http://guides.library.duke.edu/korean_eresources)
 The Task Force on Korean Studies E-Resources has played a great role in
negotiating a group price deal for fast growing Korean e-resources on behalf of
participating institutions in North America. Given its important role, the
Committee on Korean Materials (CKM) decided to establish the Subcommittee
on Korean Studies E-Resources (“the Subcommittee” hereafter) to continue to
carry out the Task Force’s mission. In January 2011, the establishment of the
Subcommittee and its members were announced; Miree Ku (chair, Duke Univ.),
Mikyung Kang (Harvard Univ.), Sun-Yoon Lee (Univ. of Southern California),
and Hee-sook Shin (Columbia Univ.).

5. The Fifth Group Negotiation in 2012
 During the Council on East Asian Libraries (CEAL) Annual Meeting held in
Toronto, Canada from March 12 to 16, 2012, (and again in Korea in June of the
same year) the Subcommittee members had meetings with database vendors and
the Korea Foundation to discuss the next contract term and pricing.
 EKS and Nurimedia proposed to the subcommittee new group pricing for new group
categories. It would be very difficult for the Subcommittee and participating members
to have different prices and group categories every contract period, so the
Subcommittee focused on setting up a more stable group subscription plan for the
future.
 Nurimedia’s new group price policy
o In 2011, Nurimedia designated East View Information Services (“East View”

hereafter) as an authorized overseas agency. According to East View’s
Nurimedia database prices based on Carnegie Category 17 , most of the
participating members for group subscription seemed belong to Carnegie
Category 1.
Table 7. East View’s Nurimedia Database Prices in 2011
Carnegie Carnegie Carnegie

Government Corporate
Cat.1 Cat.2 Cat.3
DBpia $14,713 $9,956 $4,778 $17,655 $19,421
KRpia $5,053 $3,032 $1,516 $6,063 $6,670
Total $19,766 $12,588 $6,294 $23,718 $26,091
o In fact, according to KESLI consortium in Korea18, the Nurimedia’s DBpia

consortium price in 2012 was about $3,380~$27,500 for 9 group categories,
which was classified based on the number of full-time equivalents (FTE)
17
East View and Nurimedia adopted the “Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education,”
which is a framework for clarifying, or grouping, colleges and universities in the United States.
18
The Korean Electronic Site Licensing Initiative (KESLI) was formed in 1999 with approximately
70 university libraries, medical centers, and research institutes. KESLI grew to a 566-member
collaboration with a total of 191 consortia in 2012. The main charges for KESLI are to cope with
the problem of consistently rising subscription fees, and to provide significant benefits to
participating institutions.
Chapter 5 299
including students, faculty and staff. 19 Compared to consortium prices in
Korea, the group subscription prices were considerably lower. However, the
Subcommittee emphasized that the users of overseas institutions could not be
considered the same as the number of FTE. This shows how complicated
vendor negotiations can be.
o Nurimedia proposed two options;
 Option 1: If the Subcommittee preferred to keep the current group price,

Nurimedia wanted to have a 15% annual increase
Table 8. Nurimedia’s Proposed Prices with Current Group Categories (Option 1)
2012 2013 2014 2015

Group A $7,183.35 $8,260.35 $9,499.98 $10,924.98
Group B $ 5630. 20 $6,474.73 $7,445.94 $8,562.83
Group C $4,052.64 $4,660.54 $5,359.62 $6,163.56
 Option 2: If the Subcommittee agreed with Carnegie Category with the

current group price, Nurimedia would have a 3% annual increase. (In this
option, most of current members would belong to Carnegie Category 1)
Table 9. Nurimedia’s Proposed Prices with Carnegie Category (Option 2)
2012 2013 2014 2015

Cat. 1 $7,183.35 $7,398.85 $7,620.82 $7,849.44
Cat. 2 $ 5630. 20 $5,799.11 $5,973.08 $6,152.27
Cat. 3 $4,052.64 $4,174.22 $4,299.45 $4,428.43
o The Subcommittee proposed 2 group categories, instead of the previous 3

groups, through merging Groups A and B. They also suggested that database
vendors should have a long-term consortium plan with stable prices. The
group prices for Nurimedia (DBpia and KRpia together) proposed by the
Subcommittee were as follows;
 Group 1 (with Korean Studies Librarian): $6,000
 Group 2 (without Korean Studies Librarian): $4,500
19
For example, other database’s consortium prices were as follows in 2012; KISS
($4,640~$32,000), KPjournal ($1,940~3,200), Korean History & Culture Research ($2,700~$4,600), etc.

o Nurimedia finally agreed with this proposal at the end of September, 2012.
The new prices for Nurimedia (2 databases) were finalized for 2 groups for 3
years (March 2013 to February 2016) with 2% annual increase as follows:
Table 10. Group Subscription Prices for Nurimedia in 2013
2012
2012 2013 Group 2013
Group
A $7,183.00 Group 1
(with Korean Studies $6,000
B $5,630.20
Librarian)
Group 2
C $4,050.00 (without Korean Studies $4,500
Librarian)
 EKS’s new group price
o EKS also proposed a 15% annual increase at first, and then settled on a 5%
increase annually.
o The new prices for EKS (9 databases) were finalized for 2 groups for 3 years
(March 2013 to February 2016) with a 2% annual increase as follows;
Table 11. Group Subscription Prices for EKS in 2013
2012
2012 2013 Group 2013
Group
A $12,094.00 Group 1
(with Korean Studies $10,200
B $7.257.00
Librarian)
Group 2
C $4,838.00 (without Korean Studies $5,500
Librarian)
 In December 2012, the Subcommittee announced that it finally reached an

agreement on Korean Studies database subscription prices and terms with two e-
resource vendors (EKS and Nurimedia) for 2013-2016. The Korea Foundation
also provided a grant for eligible institutions up to 50% of the user/subscription
fees with a limit of $5,000 per year.
Chapter 5 301
 In 2013, a total of 59 institutions from 12 countries took advantage of this group
negotiation and grant program. The total amount 7of the grants provided by the
Korea Foundation was $271,105.
 In 2014, 67 institutions from 13 countries applied for the grant.
Table12. Number of Participating Institutions in 2013 and 2014
No. of Applicants, as of
Countries No. of Recipients in 2013
March 16, 2014
US 39 43
Canada 4 4
England 4 4
China 3 5
Australia 2 3
Denmark 1 1
German 1 1
Austria 1 1
Czech Republic 1 1
France 1 1
Hungary 1 1
Kazakhstan 1 1
Hongkong 0 1
Total Institutions 59 67
Total Countries 12 13

Chapter 6
Case Studies
6.1. The Korean Collection at the University of Auckland Library
By Kyu-won Hwang1
6.1.1 Introduction
The Korean collection is housed in the General Library of the University of Auckland.
The University of Auckland (UoA) is the country’s largest, most comprehensive
university located in Auckland, New Zealand.
The UoA Library has the most extensive library system in New Zealand, with 13 subject-
specific libraries across five campuses. The Korean collection is part of the Asian
Languages Collection (ALC). The ALC is the most comprehensive collections of Asian
language materials in New Zealand, which is comprised of materials mainly from China,
Taiwan, Japan, Korea and some from Indonesia. This paper discusses the course of
development, a brief introduction and various aspects of the Korean collection.
6.1.2 History
In 1989 the first Korean Studies programme at the University was started by the
introduction of Korean language papers offered with the sponsorship of the Yonkang
Foundation in Korea. At that time a number of Korean books were donated to the
University which marked the beginning of the Korean collection in the Library. A part-
1
Korean Resources Librarian, The University of Auckland
Chapter 6 303
time Korean librarian position was created to take care of those books. Since then, the
collection has continued to develop with an allocated budget for Korean material from
Library funds. And the librarian position was made a full-time cataloguer in 1999. In
addition, donations and assistances from various organizations in Korea – such as the
National Library of Korea or the Korea Foundation – helped the collection to grow
(Hiyama, 2005; Hwang, 2010).
Until 2008, the Korean collection had been one of the few Asian collections in the world
that was using the Harvard-Yenching Classification (HYC) system. Since the HYC was
considered to be outdated for today’s use and for the purpose of making the ALC more
aligned with international classification standards, a plan to reclassify the entire ALC into
the Library of Congress Classification (LCC) system was proposed in 2005. Following
careful planning and preparations, the reclassification project was begun at the end of
2008 and successfully completed by the end of 2009.
These factors have enabled the Korean collection to become the largest collection of
Korean materials in New Zealand with a Korean specialist librarian (Hiyama, 2005). The
Korean librarian is responsible for selection, acquisition, cataloguing and processing of
Korean material and providing relevant reference and consultation services to faculty
staff and students.
6.1.3 Composition of the Collection
Currently the collection holds more than 13,000 print volumes with approximately 12,000
monographs, 1000 serial volumes and about 400 audio-visual items. It is the third largest
Korean collection in the Australasian region.
The collection covers a wide range of subjects such as history, philosophy, religion,
politics, economics, fine arts, film studies and literature. Traditionally, the focus of the
Korean Studies programme had been Korean language teaching, literature and history. As
a result, the largest part of the collection is still occupied by works of literature and
language, about 38.8% of the total (as of January 2014). Books on Korean history
comprise the second largest part (27.0%). The rest of the collection is made up of social
sciences (9.6%), humanities (7.6%), fine arts (3%) and other subject areas (geology,
library science, etc.). The following Figure 1 depicts the holdings ratio of the collection in
accordance with the subject areas in the LCC system.

1.4% 2.4% 1.7% 0.6% 1.3% 1.4% 3.0% 0.5% 0.4% 0.2% 0.6% 0.3% 1.3%
0.8% 0.7% 0.4%
Figure 1. Composition of the Korean collection based on subjects of the LCC as of January 2014.
6.1.4 Collection Development
The development of the Korean collection is performed chiefly by the Korean Resources
Librarian, often in consultation with Korean Studies lecturers. Selection of material is carried
out in line with the Library’s Collection Management Plan2 , and items are chosen from
various sources (e.g. publication catalogues, publishers’ websites, Internet sources, personal
recommendations, etc.) in accordance with the following guidelines (Hwang, 2011).
i. Research interests or requests of academic staff

ii. Subject areas of currently-taught Korean courses
iii. Material requested by students for their research in compliance with the Asian
Languages Collection Management Plan
Recent efforts in collection development have focussed on giving more support to the
currently active research areas of the Korean Studies programme at the University. These
areas are Korean diaspora studies (about Chosŏnjok [조선족] or Koryŏin [고려인]),
2
Available from the Library’s website, http://www.library.auckland.ac.nz/about-us/collections/
collection-management [Accessed 10 March 2014].
Chapter 6 305
multiculturalism in Korea, Korean traditional geological philosophy (Korean Fengsui
[風水] ideology or Tʻaengniji [擇里志] documents), and translation studies. Materials on
these topics have been growing considerably for the past few years. Also, our collection
had acquired some notable primary resources from time to time. Such a case was the
acquisition of a 400-volume set of Yijo sillok [李朝實錄] in 2005. Another example is a
CD-ROM copy of an old Korean newspaper in Kazakhstan called Lenin Kichi (Renin ŭi
kichi, 레닌의 기치).
6.1.5 Last Word: Future challenges
The Korean collection has also kept abreast of new technological developments. Between
2008~2009, the Library took part in a trial service of a new Korean Studies database
initiative, e-Korean Studies.com, and experienced the benefits of having Korean
databases available for Korean Studies. The Library subscribed to a Korean database
called the RISS International, which marked the beginning of a specialized Korean
Studies database at the University. Last year the first Korean e-book of Korean classics,
the Enlarged Yŏnhaengnok [燕行錄] series, was acquired as well.
The Library uses a high proportion of its expenditure on the acquisition of electronic
books. However, the Korean collection is still yet to start purchasing Korean e-books due
to several factors; for example, (a) e-book publishing in Korea is still in a development
stage, (b) a lack of good academic material in electronic format, (c) pricing of e-books
and so forth. Along with these factors the future challenges for the Korean collection are
to find an e-book platform (or a publishing model) that would be right for our
circumstances and to discover ways to deliver e-books effectively to our users.

References
Hiyama, K. (July, 2005). University of Auckland’s Korean collection: development and

directions. Paper presented at the 2005 Fourth KSAA biennial conference:
Intellectual engagements with Korea: diversity in Korean studies in Australasia.
Auckland, N.Z.: The Korean Studies Association of Australasia.
Hwang, K. W. (2010). The Korean collection at the University of Auckland, New

Zealand. Trends in Overseas Korean Studies Libraries, no.4, 41-53.
Hwang, K. W. (2011). An introduction to the Korean collection at the University of

Auckland Library. In C. Song (Ed.). Korean Studies in shift: Proceedings of the
2010 Pacific Asian Conference on Korean Studies. (pp. 533-540). Auckland, N.Z.:
School of Asian Studies, University of Auckland.
Chapter 6 307
6.2. Korean Studies Collection at the University of Michigan
By Yunah Sung3
6.2.1 Introduction
The Korean Studies collection at the Asia Library has been developed to support the
university’s instructional and research needs in Korean studies, and to promote the
learning and understanding of Korean culture and history. The strengths of the Korean
collection are in modern history, socio- economic conditions, language & literature,
political science, and art history. Materials are mainly in instructional and research level
monographs, periodicals, reprints, maps, microforms, and audio-visual media, with an
emphasis on reference works and government documents. As of June 2014, the collection
comprises over 53,000 volumes in Korean with all major Korean studies scholarly
periodicals available online.
6.2.2 Korean Studies at Michigan
Korean Studies at the University has a relatively short history of 20 years. Korean
language courses were first offered in 1990 and the Korean Studies Program (KSP) was
officially founded in 1995 at the International Institute with generous financial support
from the Korea Foundation. Since then it has become an active participant in the
academic community of the university. Integral to the program’s success are faculty
members who taught and conducted researches on Korean politics, modern history,
economic development, religion, film, and language. The KSP developed into a center in
2007 and was named the Nam Center for Korean Studies (NCKS) in 2011. The Nam
Center supports academic conferences, cultural events such as art exhibitions and film
festivals, development of new courses, visiting scholars programs, and lecture series.
3
Korean Studies Librarian, University of Michigan

6.2.3 History of the Korean Collection
Established in 1948 at the Harlan Hatcher Graduate Library, the Asia Library has been
providing one of the nation's foremost collections of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
language resources to students, faculty, and researchers.
The history of the Korean studies collection can be traced back to 1982 when a number of
the “Korean Studies Association” and local Korean community leaders realized the lack
of Korea-related materials in the university, and launched the “Donating one book per
person” campaign. During the campaign, they requested donations not only from
individuals, but also from the Korean Publishers Association and the Korean Consulate
General in Chicago. Starting from just 100 volumes, the collection has steadily increased
through the years, thanks to local community leaders. In addition to local support, the
Korean collection has received magnanimous donations from Prof. Andrew C. Nahm at
Western Michigan University (2,400 volumes of books and journals in 1996) and Prof.
Keum Jang-Tae at Seoul National University (1,500 books and journals in 2001), which
propelled the rapid growth.
To satisfy the instructional and research needs, the Korean collection began to gather
books and other materials on a large scale in 2000. It launched a three-year collection
development plan in 2005 to systemically expand its holdings, including comprehensive
reference materials, and primary resources in humanities/social sciences. In particular,
one of the methods to acquire out-of-print publications and rare books was to seek
donations from the university alumni or any scholars who were looking for a
distinguished home for their personal collection of books.
The Korean studies collection has expanded more than 300 percent during the past decade.
As of June 2014, the collection comprised of 53,000 volumes in Korean, 212 Korean
serial subscriptions, as well as a wide range of e-resources.
Chapter 6 309
6.2.4 Scope of the collection
 LANGUAGES: Materials are collected in Korean.
 GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS: Predominantly South Korea. Materials published in

North Korea are purchased from the vendors in China and Japan. Korean language
materials in China and Japan are also collected intensively.
 CHRONOLOGICAL PERIODS: Major emphasis is on the modern period to the

present day.
 PUBLICATION DATES: Emphasis is on the acquisition of current imprint. Books

published before 1930 will be evaluated as possibilities for housing in the Asia
Library Special collection.
 LC CLASSIFICATION NUMBERS: A - Z, but primarily in the ranges of B, DS,

N, and PL.
 SUBJECTS: It collects materials in a wide range of subjects in humanities and

social sciences, particularly in the following areas; Literature, History (including
political and social history), Language and Linguistics, Religion, Sociology, Arts,
Philosophy, Anthropology, Cinema studies, Women's studies, and Urban studies.
Materials in music and science are accepted on a very limited basis.
 RETROSPECTIVE ACQUISITION: Some retrospective acquisition can be made.

Non-current books on Korean history and culture may be added as donated or
purchased from vendors.
6.2.5 Electronic resources
The internet and information technology have opened up exciting new possibilities for
research on the Korean Studies. To meet a growing demand for electronic resources,
several full-text databases containing a broad coverage of primary resources have been
provided to the users in 2003. Starting from three major Korean full text journal article
databases provided by Nuri Media, Korean Studies Inc., and Dongbang Media, the e-
resource collection has expanded to major newspaper archives and scholarly e-books.

The Library has been a member of the Collective Subscription of Korean E-Resources
Group which has been organized by the Committee on Korean Materials (CKM) at the
Council on East Asian Libraries (CEAL). As a member, the Library has been providing
following primary Korean e-resources to library patrons at the group rates with generous
financial support from the Korea Foundation; Databases (DBPIA, Korean Studies
Information Service System <KISS>, E-Korean Studies, and RISS International), and
Newspapers (Chosun Daily Newspaper Archive and Donga Daily Newspaper Archive).
These databases offer information for indexing and abstracting services and full-text
reference resources which contain bibliographic records. Over 2.8 million articles from
more than 3,500 journals and magazines provided by DBPIA and KISS are now
represented in ArticlesPlus, Michigan Library’s article discovery tool. ArticlesPlus
searches full text content from a wide variety of English as well as Korean sources, and
returns a list of relevancy-ranked results. By using ArticlesPlus, Korean researchers can
search across multiple databases in any languages simultaneously.
6.2.6 Staffing and collection budget
To meet the needs of a rapidly multiplying number of Korean collection users, the
Library has provided more personnel and funding support. From 2003 to 2014, the
collection budget of the Korean collection has tripled, thanks to generous support from
the Library, Nam Center for Korean Studies, Korea Foundation, and various gifts and
grants. Also the total holdings of the Korean collection have increased about 280%, from
15,000 volumes to 53,000 volumes during this time period.
What began as a one-person operation in 2003 has grown into a three-person (a Korean
Studies Librarian, a cataloging specialist, and an acquisitions specialist) unit capable of
processing the increased number of materials in a timely manner. Working closely with
colleagues at other departments, including Order Unit, E-Resource Unit, and Central
Technical Services Division, staff members of the Korean collection have been
developing very effective, productive, and smooth workflow.
Chapter 6 311
6.2.7 Korean Collections Consortium of North America (KCCNA)
One epoch-making development of the Korean collection is to join the Korean

Collections Consortium of North America as the 10th member in 2003. The Consortium
is a cooperative collection development program, funded by the Korea Foundation which
is the primary government organization that supports overseas Korean Studies. Each
member library is committed to develop in-depth collections on assigned subject areas
and makes them available through ILL in an effort to expand the breadth and depth of
overall Korean Studies collections in North America. As an active member of the
KCCNA, Michigan has been collecting research materials in following assigned subject
areas: Auto industry, Historiography, Democratization, Reunification questions (1945- ),
Labor relations, Publications on Korea and Korean published in Japan, Publications on
Korea and Koreans published in Detroit and Mid West Area.
The Korean collection has received annual grants of $20,000-$30,000 over the past 10
years. The membership of the Consortium not only ensured financial support, but also
provided many collaboration opportunities with other peer institutions nationally and
internationally.
6.2.8 Challenges and Opportunities
With the wide use of the internet and information technology, the Library should come
up with a strategic plan to develop user-centered and user-friendly Korean language
resources to facilitate teaching and research, placing more emphasis on electronic
resources and their easy accesses. As the trends in academics and publishing industry
move quickly toward to electronic resources, the University of Michigan has been trying
to keep the balance between the print collection and the electronic collection. In contrast
to the print collection, these e-resources are provided by certain vendors as a package deal
without much room for price negotiation. It is critical to secure additional funds to pay for
highly priced e-resources which are irreplaceable and indispensable.
With the strong commitment and support from the University and the Library, the Korean
Studies collection will continue to help facilitate groundbreaking scholarship in Korean
Studies and to strive to meet the needs from faculty members and students at a wide range
of departments in University of Michigan and beyond in the Digital Age.

6.2.9 Related sites
 Korean Studies Research Guide: http://guides.lib.umich.edu/koreanstudies

 Asia Library: http://www.lib.umich.edu/asia-library
 University of Michigan Libraries: http://www.lib.umich.edu/
 Nam Center for Korean Studies: http://www.ii.umich.edu/ncks
 University of Michigan: http://umich.edu/
Chapter 6 313
6.3. Developing a Korean Studies Collection: The Case of the
Monash University Library, Australia
By Jung-Sim Kim4
6.3.1 Korean Studies Collection
-- History
In order to develop Korean Studies in Australia, the Australian government

established the National Korean Studies Centre in 1990. In 1992, the Centre received
an A$150,000 government grant to establish a research library, the Korean Studies
Research Library (KSRL), which was located as part of the Asian Studies Research
Library of Monash University. The aim of establishing the KSRL was to support a
major program of research on contemporary Korea in Australia with a special
emphasis on Korean-language materials focusing on economics, politics, law and the
other social sciences. The writer was hired in 1992 to build this collection.
After the Asian economic crisis began in mid-1997, many Australian universities cut
back or eliminated their Korean studies programs owing to financial problems. The
National Korean Studies Centre itself closed in early 2001. With its closure, the
Korean Studies Research Library became the Korean Collection under the Asian
Studies Research Collection in the Sir Louis Matheson Library of the Monash
University Library. The collection now focuses on Korean language, history, music
and architecture, as well as the social sciences. In addition, the Monash University
Library has acquired a very substantial DVD collection of Korean cinema and
television. These DVDs are used for the teaching of Korean language as well as
research on modern Korean culture and society. The Korean Collection of the Monash
University Library also provides ongoing services to users at the University of
Melbourne as part of Asian Libraries in Melbourne (ALIM), a collaborative venture
between libraries of Monash University and the University of Melbourne.
4
Korean Studies Librarian, Monash University

-- Korean materials in the Library management system
Since September 2013, the Monash University Library has used the Alma library
management system. Korean language materials are catalogued using the McCune-
Reischauer romanization system and classified by Dewey Decimal Classification
(DDC) system on Alma. Users can search and retrieve records by typing romanized
Korean or Korean scripts (Hangul or Hancha) via the Library’s discovery platform,
Search (http://search.lib.monash.edu).
The Korean Collection acquires materials through purchase and donations. It also
obtains resources through competitive grant applications. The most important
donations come from the Korea Foundation, the National Library of Korea, the
National Assembly Library, and the Korea Institute for International Economic Policy
(KIEP). The Korea Foundation provides materials through its “Reference Materials
Distribution Program” and “Support for Korean Studies e-Resources” programs.
-- Korean Studies Librarian
Monash University is the only university (of nine) in the state of Victoria which
teaches Korean language. The writer is the only Korean Studies Librarian employed
by an academic library in Australia. The Korean Studies Librarian is responsible for
selection, acquisition and cataloguing of new materials, liaison with researchers and
teachers of Korean studies, and preparation and delivery of library classes, including
those relevant to Korean studies.
-- Faculty5 liaison
The Korean Studies Librarian liaises regularly with staff teaching Korea-related
subjects and subjects with a significant component on Korea. Most of these subjects
are taught in the Faculty of Arts. The Korean Studies Librarian also works with
postgraduate students working on Korea-related research in the Faculty of Arts, the
Faculty of Business and Economics and the Faculty of Education.
5
In Australia, the term Faculty is used for 單科大學, a term often translated as College in the
United States and Korea.
Chapter 6 315
-- Korean Studies Library Guide
The Library Guide for Korean Studies provides assistance to library

users to find journal articles, full-text journal articles through
databases, books, theses, and useful Korean websites. The Library
Guide also provides information for “Korean architecture” and
“Architectural Conservation” for the University of Melbourne. QR code for Korean
Studies library guide
The Library Guide is available at
http://guides.lib.monash.edu/korean
6.3.2 Collaboration and Outreach through Asian Libraries in Melbourne

(ALIM)
-- Korea-related activities of Asian Libraries in Melbourne projects
The Korean collection receives a financial contribution annually from the University
of Melbourne. Monash University Library’s Korean Studies Librarian provides
research skills classes to students taking Korea-related subjects of the University of
Melbourne and also provides long-term loans for Korean materials.
(http://alim.monash.org)
-- Exhibitions
The Korean Collection also participates in exhibitions or displays of the Monash

Asian Studies Research Collection (see photo below of a Korean pop music display)
and the Asian Libraries in Melbourne. The Korean Collection played a role in a recent
joint ALIM exhibition on “Asian arts” and “Asian scripts” displayed at the Baillieu
Library of the University of Melbourne.
Display (Korean pop music)

6.3.3 Budget and Staffing
-- Budget
At present, in times of financial stringency, the budget allowed for the purchase of
Korean materials is limited, but the collection is growing both through purchase and
through donations. In addition, the University of Melbourne as part of the Asian
Libraries in Melbourne makes an annual contribution to the acquisitions of the Korean
Collection at the Monash University Library. Of course, the Monash University
Library also funds the position of the Korean Studies Librarian.
-- Staffing
The Korean Studies Librarian belongs to the Library’s Asian Studies Research
Collection team, the ALIM team, and the Faculty of Arts team.
6.3.4 Potential Changes
From this year, the Monash University Library expects to outsource cataloging for Asian
language materials. This would reduce a key task of the Korean Studies Librarian and
enable her to do more work liaising with Korean-related teaching and research staff and
with postgraduate students. Whether this will work well has yet to be seen.
Recently, owing to space problems within the library, more and more Korean language
materials are being moved away from the campus into off-site storage. However, only
materials that have not been accessed for five years are shifted off-site and, in such a case,
materials can be brought back to campus within two days. This change involves all
academic disciplines.
The Monash University Library now prefers to purchase e-resources such as ebooks and
databases rather than hard copies.
The Matheson Library refurbishment will start the end of 2014, so the location of the
Korean Collection will be changed.
Chapter 6 317
6.3.5 Conclusion
This paper provides brief information on the Korean Studies Collection at the Monash
University Library. More detailed information about the Korean Studies Collection can
be found at “Korean Collection at Monash University in Australia,” Trends in Overseas
Korean Studies Librarians6.
6
Jung-Sim Kim, “Korean Collection at Monash University in Australia,” Trends in Overseas Korean
Studies Librarians, no. 5 (June 2011) , pp.53-67 (pp. 39-52 in Korean).

6.4. Developing a Korean Studies Collection: The Case of
Duke University
By Miree Ku7
6.4.1 Introduction
Academic libraries in the United States are increasingly providing access to foreign
language materials and resources. But, building a foreign language collection in an
academic library is still challenging. The Korean Studies program and collection at Duke
has long been embraced within the context of East Asian Studies, but as a separate field,
it is relatively new at Duke.
Duke began to offer classes in Korean language instruction, political science and
sociology in 1993 in response to student request, and the first regular rank faculty
member was hired in 1998. Since then, Duke’s Korean Studies program has steadily
developed and, as of 2014, three tenure/regular rank faculty, instructors, faculty fellow
and visiting faculty offer courses on Korea, host seminars related to the study of Korea,
sponsor workshops and conferences, and collaborate with a broad range of visiting
scholars. Duke’s Korean Studies program works closely with Duke Asian & Middle
Eastern Studies (AMES) and Asian Pacific Studies Institute (APSI), which offers a
Master’s degree in East Asian Studies with a specialization in Korea.
6.4.2 Brief Summary of Korean Collection at Duke
-- Initial stage of Korean Collection: 1993-2006
Prior to 1990, there were less than 300 books in Korean at Duke. Since then, with the
help of the Korea Foundation, the Korea Research Foundation, and an endowment
created by a former missionary to Korea as well as funding from the Title VI and
Freeman grants, Duke has worked to build a collection relying heavily on faculty
recommendations, and concentrating largely on literature and film. Most of the growth
7
Korean Studies Librarian, Duke University
Chapter 6 319
has come since 1999; between 1999 and 2006, the collection has grown from 1025 to
3857 volumes and 17 to 301 films.8
The growth of the program, together with faculty frustration over the lack of staff
support and reliance on faculty selection, led to an external review by Joy Kim in
2006.9 According to Joy Kim's report after her site visit, Korean studies professors
were frustrated at the level of library support; they invested a significant amount of
time and effort in selecting and compiling materials for acquisitions, but they were
often disappointed due to the delay in acquisition and cataloging as well as poor
cataloging records. Joy Kim recommended as follows:
 Hire a Korean studies librarian. If funding is insufficient, start with grants and
gradually transition into a permanent appointment
 Establish a South Korean approval plan
 Better utilize South Korean gift sources and free Web resources
 Take advantage of free ILL of commercial electronic resources
 Host visiting librarians from the Korean National Assembly Library or the Korean
National Library, which will also provide access privileges to restricted databases
 Aggressively seek grants from various foundations and funding agencies
 Seek membership in the Korean Collections Consortium of North America
In 2007, Duke University Libraries hired Miree Ku as a Korean Studies Librarian to

develop, manage, and evaluate the collections from and about Korea and provide
specialized reference assistance and instruction to library users as well as assistance
with cataloging and acquisitions.
-- Development stage of Korean Collection: 2006-present
During the period for 2006-present, major collection development initiatives increased
Duke’s Korean collection. Through careful management of the Korean budget, the
8
Kristina Troost, “The East Asian Collection at Duke University.” Prepared for a Conference,
“Over a Hundred Years of Collecting: The History of East Asian Collection in North America,”
University of California, Berkeley, October 18-2007.
9
Joy Kim, “Developing Korean Library Resources at Duke University: A Report on Site Visit.”
February 1-3, 2006.

primary subject areas have been strengthened. Moreover, a user-friendly, searchable
Korean Collection Database was developed to enhance access to Korean resources at
Duke as well as to support Korean collection management, streamline the acquisitions
process, and provide a selection guide for collection development. Through outreach
activities to Korean faculty, students and visiting scholars at Duke, the awareness of
Duke’s Korean collections has dramatically increased.
As of March 2014, there are more than 10,000 English language resources on Korea
including about 300 titles of Videos and DVDs, 480 titles of Journals, magazines or
serials, 187 records of microforms, and 125 maps at Duke University libraries.
 The composition of the English language collection on Korea includes

approximately 22% in Economics related subjects, 16% in History, 11% in Politics
related subjects, 10% in Foreign Relations, 5% in Korean War, etc.
 As of March 2014, 578 items are checked out, which is about 6% of the total
English language collection on Korea.
 About 50% of the total collection is held in Perkins/Bostock Library, 20% at

Duke's off-site repository, called the Library Service Center, and others in Divinity,
Ford, Law, Lilly, and Rubenstein Libraries.
As of December 2013, the physical volume holdings in Korean language resources

total 17,251 items. In addition, the library holds 1,315 titles in audio/visual collection.
5,109 titles of Korean serials held by Duke University libraries can be accessed; 21
titles are purchased serials and 5,088 titles are subscribed serials which can be
accessed electronically.10
 As of March 2014, major holdings by call number range include 38.99% in

Language and literature, 23.61% in History, 9.66% in Social Science, 8.79% in
Philosophy and Religion, 4.18% in Fine Arts, 2.87% in Political Sciences and
2.03% in Law etc.
 As of March 2014, 660 items are checked out, which is about 5% of the total
Korean language collection.
 Perkins/Bostock Library holds about 78% of the total Korean collection, 11.54%
in the Library Service Center and 7.56% in Lilly Library.
10
Prepared for CEAL Statistics in December 1, 2013.
Chapter 6 321
 Academic Korean e-books have been selected and acquired both as individual
titles and e-book packages. After selecting titles to match our collecting needs, e-
books have been acquired from Korean Studies Information (KSI, Han’guk Haksul
Chŏngbo 한국학술정보) since 2010. Currently, Duke holds 266 titles. When
purchasing print books, KSI provides e-books without additional cost. In addition,
subscribing to Korean databases that include KSI e-books, KRpia and other
databases enables Duke’s patrons to access about 9,000 e-books.
6.4.3 Issues and challenges
The most important issue at Duke’s Korean collection in 2006 was having a professional
staff for the collection. To this end, a Korean Studies Librarian was hired at Duke
University Libraries in 2007.
6.4.3.1 Collection evaluation
In order to develop the Korean collection to a level at which it could meet the teaching
and research needs of Duke faculty, students, and researchers, the strengths and
weaknesses of the current collection were evaluated by the Korean Studies Librarian.
At first, a list of reference resources with annotations by subject and format was prepared
in order to give a thorough understanding of the collection. This list was based mainly on
books held in the Korean collection at Duke University Libraries.11 Also, an order list of
new reference materials was prepared in response to a deficiency. Some reference books
were moved to regular shelves or the Library Service Center, Duke’s high-density
repository. And, the Korean collection was evaluated by thorough analysis such as
volume holdings by subject or circulation rates.
11
Miree Ku, “Korean Studies Resources at Duke University Libraries” Prepared for a Conference,
“East Asian Studies Librarians from the Southeast” Duke University, June 25-26, 2006.

6.4.3.2 Budget analysis
After evaluating the collection, funding and budget allocation for the Korean collection
was also evaluated in order to effectively meet faculty and students’ increasing demands
on Korean resources.
 FY2000 (July 1, 1999 – June 30, 2000): A separate fund for Western language books
on Korea was established in 1999.
 FY2001: Until FY2001, expenditures for Korean serials were combined with Chinese
subscriptions.
 Until 2004, the allocated budget has largely supported western language materials on
Korea and serials. The collection of Korean language books at Duke largely depended
on the support from the Korea Foundation and other gifts.
 The Judy Endowment was the sole funding source for Korean language acquisitions
until Title VI funding for Korean collection ($6,892) was allocated to the Korean
language collection fund in FY2004.
 In FY2005 and FY2006, total allocated budget was $9,287.89 and $15,212.56
respectively, but 57% ($5,303.41) and 53% ($8,188.12) of total allocated budget were
expended for Korean resources.
Fiscal Year Total Expenditures on Korean collection

FY 2000 $2,350
FY 2001 $4,840
FY 2002 $4,129
FY 2003 $9,022
FY 2004 $14,789
FY 2005 $5,303
FY 2006 $8,188
The budget has been expanded since 2007; total allocated fund for the Korean collection
in FY2014 is $78,352.71.
 Until FY2008, Korean language materials were usually acquired using Grant (Title
VI Funding) or Endowment (Judy Endowment) funds. There has been a separate
university fund, but it was very small.
Chapter 6 323
 Since FY2008, University Appropriated Fund for the Korean language collection
(monograph budget) increased from almost nothing to $27,972 in FY2014. Other
grants and endowments (about $25,000) are also contributing to the acquisition of
Korean language monographs.
 The following table shows total expenditure on the Korean collection from FY2007
through FY2013.
Fiscal Year Total Expenditures on Korean collection

FY 2007 $15,086
FY 2008 $28,087
FY 2009 $45,152
FY 2010 $42,123
FY 2011 $50,226
FY 2012 $49,054
FY 2013 $70,689
 In FY2008, the budget for Korean full text databases was requested and set up.
Considering the limited budget and its usage expectations, DBpia and KRpia
subscriptions were ordered in the first year, and then these were expanded to include
subscription to 11 databases in FY2010 and then 14 databases in FY2013. Duke has
been receiving a grant from the Korea Foundation for the Korean Studies e-
resources since 2009 as follows.
Subscription
Year Databases Duke KF Grant
Fee
2008 2 databases $3,500 $3,500 N/A
2009 11 databases $8,700 $5,220 $3,480
2010 11 databases $12,147 $7,147 $5,000
2011 11 databases $12,511 $7,511 $5,000
2012 11 databases $12,887 $7,887 $5,000
2013 14 databases $20,700 $15,700 $5,000

6.4.3.3 Acquisition
-- Vendor selection
 After consulting with other Korean Studies librarians, Panmun (http://epanmun.co.kr/)

was selected as Duke’s Korean vendor, considering its long history and good
reputation for reliable service. Also taken into consideration were monthly lists,
availability of material in the shortest time, correctness of invoices and material
received, cooperation in accepting returns, responsiveness to inquiries, and prompt
and cooperative issuance of credit memos. During the last 7 years, Panmun has been
a good partner in providing Korean materials to Duke University libraries.
-- Rush orders
 Rush orders for items available for purchase online are made through Aladin US
(http://us.aladin.co.kr/home/welcome.aspx). Compared to placing rush orders to
vendors in Korea, it is cheaper and faster to use online bookstores in the U.S. If
items are out of stock, Panmun is a good vendor to ask to find them in a used
book store.
 At Duke, one acquisition staff member works for the Korean and Japanese
collections. She has studied the Korean language for one year in order to help her in
understanding Korean materials ordering, but this limited language proficiency
means it takes time for her to make order records. In order to make processing
faster and easier, OCLC records are included in the order list, if available.
 Faculty and students usually expect books to arrive within a few days when they
request rush orders. For rush Korean items that especially need original cataloging,
a circulation note in the Aleph system such as “Rush item circulated uncataloged.
When returned, send to the cataloging department” was attached before the item
was checked out to the patron in order to meet the user's needs. Nowadays, Duke
Library system officially allows rush items circulated uncataloged with a circulation
note, especially for foreign language materials.
Chapter 6 325
-- Approval plans
 Approval plans with Panmun in FY2013 were set up when Duke received the first
grant from the Korea Foundation as a new member of the Korean Collection
Consortium of North America (KCCNA). The two most important reasons for
adopting approval plans were to ensure receipt upon publication of all important
new books in designated collection categories and to save the time it would take
library staff members to generate and process orders.
 Approval plan profiles were prepared as follows:

o Approval plan with KF Grant ($20,000) for building comprehensive
collections in the assigned subject areas which are Applied Linguistics,
History and Criticism in Literature, Cultural Studies, Buddhism, Film Studies,
Korean Cuisine (Food), and Ethics
o Approval plan with Duke University Fund ($10,000) for building
comprehensive collections in language and literature, history, politics, art and
architecture, women's studies, statistics, bibliography, and for books published
by Somyong and Youkrack Publishing. The fund for Duke Approval plan
expanded to $20,000 in FY2014.
 In order to avoid returning items that we do not want, Panmun’s weekly approval
lists are thoroughly reviewed by the Korean Studies Librarian. Panmun sends the
approval lists to an acquisition staff member and ships approval materials and
invoices. Panmun has been excellent in avoiding duplicate title orders.
6.4.3.4 Access to resources
-- Finding resources
 In 2006, it was not easy for users to find Korean materials in the library catalog.
At that time, for most non-English materials, native script searching was not
available at Duke University libraries. Patrons were supposed to use transliterated
search, especially McCune-Reischauer (M-R) romanization for Korean materials.

 Due to spelling variants, diacritics, and different Korean Romanization systems in
Korea and the United States as well as word spacing issues12, faculty, researchers
and students often encountered unexpected problems when trying to find items
via online searching.
 In 2007, the Korean Studies Librarian developed Duke’s Korean Database, a

user-friendly, searchable database for all library-held Korean visual materials and
new Korean books purchased since 2006. This database could be searched in
Korean, M-R romanization or English for titles, authors, directors, actors/
actresses, or publishers, regardless of characters or spaces. Since then, Duke
University library system has been supporting a foreign language search function
in Duke’s online catalog system.
 Users also had difficulty locating Korean resources cataloged in Chinese or

Japanese. In order to enhance access to Korean materials in online catalog, Korean
titles in the Varying Form of Title (field 246 in the MARC record) were added to
help patrons locate materials. It took a few months to correct all records. In addition,
the records cataloged with incorrect romanization and diacritics were modified.
-- Cataloging and backlog management
 One of the most demanding tasks was cataloging Korean materials, especially for
the materials that did not have any records in OCLC. Without a Korean cataloger
or acquisitions staff, it has been a great challenge to carry out the necessary tasks
in maintaining a fledgling Korean collection.
 The rapid growth of the Korean collection created backlogs and issues for
cataloging. In order to reduce the backlog, all backlogs which had previously
been split between Acquisitions, Cataloging, and the International and Area
Studies (IAS) Department were consolidated. At the same time, the workflow was
evaluated from the arrival of an item at the Acquisitions department to its
placement on the shelf at the East Asian Collection (EAC). After making space
12
Jeong, Wooseob, Kim, Joy, Ku, Miree, "To be, or not to be: spaces in Korean bibliographic
records,” The Cataloging & Classification Quarterly v.47 (8), pp. 708-721, 2009.
Chapter 6 327
for all backlogs at the EAC, the backlogs were moved and shelved, and
bibliographic data saved to a spreadsheet according to the following categories:
o Books lacking an OCLC record (original full-level cataloging record needed)
o Books with minimal-level OCLC record (upgrade to full-level record needed)
o DVD/VHS/CD with no OCLC record (original full-level cataloging record needed)
o Duplicate Materials
 Library student assistants and volunteers were trained to do copy cataloging. They
checked OCLC records periodically for backlog items using the spreadsheet. One
of these volunteers became the Korean Cataloging Intern and created full-level,
original cataloging records which were reviewed by the Korean Studies Librarian
and other original catalogers at Duke. As a result, most of the Korean backlog has
been processed thanks to systematic workflow and the efforts of the Korean
assistants. This project required close coordination and cooperation between
acquisitions, cataloging and the student assistants.
-- E-resources
 Libraries have always served as access points for information. For overseas
Korean faculty, researchers and students, the library’s role as access point for
Korean resources, especially e-resources are valuable to Korean Studies as to any
other area of academic research. This attitude was reflected by Duke faculty and
graduate students, who unanimously spoke in favor of e-resources during a
meeting with the Korean Studies Librarian in 2007.
 In consideration of budgetary limitations, the Korean Studies librarian, in consultation

with other Korean librarians, evaluated resource providers and their products on
authoritativeness, comprehensiveness, and uniqueness in order to negotiate pricing.
As a result, Duke started subscribing to DBpia and KRpia since 2008.
 In an effort to make highly requested e-resources affordable to overseas libraries,

Korean Studies librarians negotiated with Korean e-resource vendors for group
subscription prices, which were much lower than the vendors’ list prices. Also,
Korean Studies librarians convinced the Korea Foundation to support overseas
Korean collections by providing Korean e-resources. As a result, the Korea
Foundation has been providing a grant program to eligible universities to offset

the subscription fees for Korean Studies E-resources since 2009. Duke has been
taking advantages of this grant since 2009.
 Duke subscribes the following databases as of 2014;
DB
DB Company Database
Package
Korean Studies
EKS KISS 한국학술정보 학술지 원문 데이터베이스
Information
Korean Studies
KSI e-Book 한국학술정보 전자책 단행본
Information
Korea Contents
Kdatabases 한국 현대사 통합 데이트베이스
Lab
Korea Contents
KPjournal 북한 학술지 통합 데이터베이스
Lab
Dongbang
KoreaA2Z 한국학 DB 콘텐츠
Media
Dongbang
Digital Culture Art Course 디지털 문화강좌
Media
Korean History and Culture Research Database
Zininzin
한국역사 문화조사자료 데이터베이스
LawnB Legal Information Service
LawnB
로앤비 법률 정보서비스
EKS Plus 학술교육원 eArticle 학술교육원 원문 데이터베이스
학지사 New Nonmun 학지사 뉴논문
CNC CNC Korea Scholarship Information CNC 학술정보
Nurimeida Nurimedia DBpia 누리미디어 학술간행물
Nurimedia KRpia 한국의 지식 콘텐츠
KERIS KERIS RISS International
6.4.3.5 User service and outreach
-- Research service
International and Area Studies (IAS) librarians in research libraries are the subject
specialists who have responsibilities for a variety of subjects within a specific
geographic region. As an IAS librarian at Duke, the role of the Korean Studies
Librarian is providing multi-subject approaches to research, supporting cooperation
across disciplines, and playing an active and central networking role to build bridges
Chapter 6 329
among faculty, researchers, and students on campus as well as visiting scholars or
researchers from Korea.
-- Reading group & forum
The Korean Studies Librarian constantly works to promote the Korean collection and
library services to Duke users by initiating reading groups or forums, circulating the
most up-to-date news via libguides, emails, meetings, and the Duke Korean Student
Association's websites.
A reading group on North Korea issues organized by the Korean Studies Librarian in 2011
became an important forum for faculty, scholars and students with similar research
interests. Later, this reading group became the Duke Korea Forum, which has been
holding many events such as colloquia, workshops, a semester-long film series, public
talks and panel discussions organized by Duke’s Korean Faculty since January 2012.
-- Korean Collections Consortium of North America (KCCNA)
Duke joined the Korean Collections Consortium of North America in 2012. As a

member of the KCCNA, Duke has been collecting research materials with an annual
grant of $20,000 from the Korea Foundation in the assigned subject areas; Ethics,
Korean Cuisine, Film Studies, Buddhism, Cultural Studies, Applied Linguistics, and
Publications on Korea and Koreans published in the southeastern region of the U.S.
Established in 1994 with 6 founding members, the KCCNA aims to develop and share
a comprehensive Korean Studies collection in North America. The Foundation
provides annual funding toward the purchase of books and materials in an effort to
expand the Korea-related collections of member libraries. Each member library is
responsible for developing and making readily accessible an in-depth, academic
research collection in support of Korean Studies scholars in North America.

Chapter 7
Characteristics of Korean Studies Librarianship
By Joy Kim1
It goes without saying that Korean Studies Librarianship refers to all library activities in
support of the study, teaching, and research of Korea, a country with a long history, a
strong academic tradition, and, until recently, a remarkably homogenous society whose
people speak but one language. Compared to some other area studies involving multiple
countries, peoples, and languages, Korean Studies librarianship has neatly defined
geographical boundaries. The core of Korean Studies librarianship assumes Korean
language materials, although some Korean Studies librarians may be responsible for
collecting English and other non-Korean language materials on Korea. It may also
include the study of Korean immigrants living outside of North and South Korea.
Even with this relatively well-defined focus, Korean Studies Librarianship is a complex
field in its own right. A microcosm of librarianship as a whole, it involves the breadth of
the issues of the profession. It deals with all the major functional areas of librarianship:
collection development, acquisitions, cataloging, reference, instruction, outreach, technology,
and preservation. It covers the whole gamut of subject disciplines: anthropology, the arts,
business, culture, economy, history, language, literature, philosophy, politics, religion,
society, and so forth. The target materials encompass a wide variety of formats including
books, serials, audio-visual, digital, maps, music, archival, microform, and ephemera.
1
Curator, Korean Heritage Library, University of Southern California ([email protected])
Chapter 7 331
Since not many libraries can afford or need multiple Korean Studies experts, it is quite
common for one professional to oversee all these diverse responsibilities, with or without
support staff. In addition, they often find themselves performing duties that are not
normally required of their mainstream library colleagues in comparable ranks. Sometimes
Korean Studies librarians act as administrators, diplomats, fundraisers, grant writers,
publicists, cultural experts, and event organizers. It is no wonder, then, that Korean Studies
librarianship involves distinctive sets of skills and challenges. At the same time, it also
offers exciting opportunities and rewards, often envied by other librarians.
In this article, I wish to share some practical and timeless advice based on my nearly three
decades of experience as a Korean Studies Librarian. In an attempt to answer questions I
sometimes receive from new or aspiring librarians, I will discuss some skills and qualities
I consider most important for all Korean Studies librarians to possess. I will also share a
few practical techniques I have used to overcome some of the common challenges facing
most Korean Studies librarians. Since every environment is different with its own set of
rules, limits, and personalities, my techniques may not be applicable to other libraries. 2
2
For a comprehensive history of Korean Studies Librarianship in North America, see Joy Kim,
“Purpose Driven Progress: Korean Studies Librarianship in North America, 1990-2009,” Journal of
East Asian Libraries no. 149 (Oct. 2009): 19-44.
https://ojs.lib.byu.edu/spc/index.php/JEAL/article/view/11195/11110

7.1. Essential Skills and Qualifications for Success
Language Skills
Language skills are considered the most essential requirement of Korean Studies
Librarianship. In addition to being fluent in English (and/or the language of your
workplace), Korean Studies Librarians must command a native or near-native fluency in
Korean as well. This includes reading knowledge of Chinese characters used in
contemporary and historic Korean scholarship. In addition, you should have bibliographic
knowledge of Japanese in order to be able to handle the substantial body of publications
from the colonial period.
Entrepreneur/Proactive Spirit
Be prepared to face it: Korean Studies is an “underdog” in most institutional settings,

typically a lower priority compared to its peer areas of Chinese and Japanese Studies.
Funds, space, and/or human resources commonly fall short of the needs. Rather than
accepting this state passively, you must never stop lobbying for more support. At the
same time, you should try your best to raise the needed resources proactively. This may
take various forms of outreach efforts on your part: mobilize Korean student groups on
campus to launch book drives; drum up community interest by publishing advocacy
articles in local Korean newspapers; reach out to community organizations and leaders
for support; engage alumni organizations in raising funds and soliciting materials; write
grant proposals to foundations and governments in your country of work as well as in
Korea; solicit gift materials from Korea or from other Korean Studies libraries, and so on.
Not every effort will bear fruit—be prepared to face persistent indifference and
occasional failures. While repeated setbacks may discourage you temporarily, you must
be resilient; you must bounce right back and start over, because giving up is not an option
for Korean Studies librarians.
Chapter 7 333
Communication/Political Savvy
Obviously, communication skills are essential in all aspects of life, but your work as a
Korean Studies Librarian happens to require more of them. By communication skills I
mean more than the articulation techniques of speech and writing. You must hone some
political skills and carefully choose when, to whom, and through whom to communicate
in order to achieve your goals. While you always strive to communicate through the
appropriate internal channels, there may be times when you are justified in resorting to
other sources. For example, sometimes it may be more effective to use the voices of the
users of your library. Often, faculty members and donors can command the attention of
those in power much better than you can. When orally praised or complained about,
consider asking the person to put it in writing. Documenting complaints against you or
your library may sound harmful to your reputation, but the goal is to create an
opportunity to explain the reasons for the poor collection or service. You can use the
evidence of customer dissatisfaction to bolster your case for better support from the
University.
Sometimes, in truly dire situations, you may have to resort to even more unconventional
methods. I know one librarian who was in such a situation. When repeated pleas for
adequate space for the growing Korean collections were systematically ignored, putting
the collections at risk of serious damage, the librarian instigated a visit by the field officer
of an important support agency. The officer was appalled by the poor condition of the
collections which had been built with his organization’s grants. He conveyed his concerns
to the top administration of the library along with pictures of the books taken during his
visit. Needless to say, the problem was immediately addressed, and the librarian received
much more support than she ever anticipated. This type of brilliant success is a rare
exception, and cannot be expected to be the norm. If taken in the wrong way, such a tactic
could well create trust issues and damage internal relationships, resulting in negative long
term consequences. Before resorting to any such maneuvers, therefore, you must weigh
the potential risks and benefits very carefully.
Passion
The passion you possess is the mysterious inner strength that empowers you to face many
obstacles with courage and hope. This unquenchable energy keeps you optimistic,
motivates you to persevere in challenging situations, and inspires creative problem
solving. This is one asset you must guard fiercely and never ever lose, because if you do,
you will be easily discouraged and your work will become drudgery rather than fun.

7.2. Personal Advice on Opportunities, Priorities, and Facing
Common Challenges
Cultivating Supporters
Consciously or unconsciously I tend to view all visitors to my library as potential

supporters. I always strive to give the best possible impression of my library, trying to
implant an idea in their mind that this library is worthy of their support. Thankfully, quite
a few of them turn into enthusiastic advocates of the library. In addition to donating their
own personal collections or funds, they also encourage their relatives and friends to do
the same.
Importance of Gift Materials
Personal collections from individuals are especially welcome in my library. Established

in 1986, my library tends to have gaps in pre-1990 publications. Since retrospective
materials are normally out of print and hard to acquire, dusty old gift books excite me. If
some of them turn out to be rare editions, I feel as if I have found a hidden treasure. Even
more valuable are unique primary archival collections, which tend to get destroyed when
passed down from one generation to the next. Discovering, preserving, archiving, and
providing access to these types of unique materials are one of the most meaningful and
rewarding aspects of Korean Studies librarianship.
Importance of User Service
As mentioned previously, Korean Studies librarians tend to play many roles beyond the
traditional librarian responsibilities. While these must be for good causes which
indirectly benefit Korean Studies programs or the library, they should not interfere with
the librarian’s most important role: helping the users. The ultimate goal of the wide range
of activities performed by Korean Studies Librarians is to serve users well. To the extent
that I can, I constantly strive to keep user services my top priority.
Chapter 7 335
Importance of Cataloging
Catalog records are the very foundation of librarianship. As such, a strong knowledge in
cataloging is essential in all aspects of librarianship. Among all areas of specialization in
the profession, I consider cataloging the most intellectual part. While cataloging work is
highly rule- or code-based, it is far from a mechanical process. If you are a cataloger and
do not understand or question the “why’s” behind certain rules, codes, components, or
structures, then it could be an indication that you do not appreciate the intellectual depth
and challenge of the work but perform the task as a rote technician. It is not only the
cataloger who needs this knowledge. It helps reference librarians to develop effective
search strategies; collection librarians to distinguish one manifestation of a work from
another when making selection decisions; instruction librarians to teach information
literacy skills to students more effectively. In short, the more you understand about
cataloging, the more effective you will be in all areas of your responsibility.
On Subject Expertise
As already mentioned, Korean Studies collections are multi-disciplinary in nature,

essentially making the librarian a language specialist rather than a subject librarian.
Having to develop collections and provide user services without deep subject
backgrounds can be a challenge for some of us—it is for me. I therefore actively solicit
recommendations from faculty and graduate students for collections and try to take
advantage of their knowledge when providing reference and instruction services. In that
sense, Korean Studies librarians were practicing the concept of DDA (demand driven
acquisitions) long before it became a popular acquisitions model.
Magnifying Human Resources
Creating new permanent positions in Korean Studies libraries can be especially difficult.
The technique that has worked best for me –for three positions– was obtaining fixed-term,
conditional grants which included a specific condition that, at the end of the grant periods,
the University agreed to convert the fixed-term positions into permanent ones. The
following additional techniques are also highly effective when it comes to augmenting the
human resources at my library:

 Vendor records. The vendor for our South Korean Approval Plan creates
minimal level records directly in OCLC using our university’s login ID for all the
books sent to the library. This free service streamlined our South Korean
acquisitions process and boosted our productivity significantly.
 Visiting librarian program. Since 1994, my library at the University of

Southern California (USC) has hosted at least one visiting librarian from Korea
each year. During their 1-2 year visits, they contribute substantially to the library
by working in such areas as acquisitions, cataloging, serials control, gifts, and
archival collections management. This program has been sustained for twenty
years primarily by three funding sources: external grants, internal funding from
USC, and in many cases, the sending libraries which paid the visiting librarians’
salaries (or more) while they worked for USC.
In 2014, the Korea Foundation Global Library Internship Program was

launched. In this new program, the Korea Foundation will recruit and dispatch
qualified librarians to work for participating libraries overseas for up to 10
months. The financial support for the selected interns comes from the Korea
Foundation.
Providing for the Future
An endowment guarantees that its income will benefit the designated cause in perpetuity.
My advice to Korean Studies librarians at any stage is to start an endowment as soon as
you can, be it for Korean collections, programs, or human resources. Make it as general
as you can so as to give yourself the most flexibility in how the funds can be spent. For
example, an endowment for Korean journal subscriptions can support only that—journal
subscriptions. A more broadly defined library endowment (e.g., “Korean Studies”), on
the other hand, offers you the flexibility to spend in the most needed areas, which can
change from year to year. Have realistic goals. To the extent possible at your own
institution, start with what you can, with the goal of increasing it over time. If possible,
incorporate a matching component to give potential donors incentives. Creating and
growing an endowment is perhaps one of the most unselfish things you can do in your
career, as it is sure to benefit your successors much more than it will help you.
Chapter 7 337
7.3. Conclusion
It is rare for Korean Studies librarians to have all of their needs be fully provided for, but
that should in no way keep you from being successful. This book is all about helping you
to be resourceful even when you have limited means. I have always maintained that an
intelligent and creative librarian with a small budget can still provide adequate service by
utilizing such sources as grants, gifts, ILL, and free resources on the Web. There is no
question that your library’s best asset is you—an intelligent, creative, motivated,
passionate, and energetic professional. Acting as a strong advocate, you will devise
ingenious ways to grow your collection and provide excellent service.
As a person who started on this journey long before you, I give you these words of
encouragement: “The future of Korean Studies Librarianship is in your hands.”

Contributors
Erica S. Chang ([email protected]) Hana Kim ([email protected])

Cataloging Librarian Head
Hamilton Library, Univ. of Hawaii, Asian Library, University of British
Manoa Columbia
Jaeyoung Chang Helen Kim ([email protected])

([email protected]) Korean Studies Librarian
Korean Studies Librarian Asian Library, Univ. of British Columbia
C. V. Starr East Asian Library, Univ. of
California, Berkeley Joy Kim ([email protected])
Curator
Kyungmi Chun Korean Heritage Library, Univ. of
([email protected]) Southern California
Korean Studies Librarian
East Asia Library, Stanford Univ. Jung Sim Kim
([email protected])
Kyu-won Hwang Korean Studies Librarian
([email protected]) Asian Studies Research Library, Monash
Korean Resources Librarian Univ.
Asia Languages Collection, Univ. of
Auckland
Miree Ku ([email protected])
Mikyung Kang Perkins Library, Duke Univ.
([email protected])
Librarian for the Korean Collection
Hyoungbae Lee
Harvard-Yenching Library, Harvard Univ.
([email protected])
East Asian Library, Princeton Univ.
Contributors 339
EunHee Nah ([email protected]) Hee-Sook Shin ([email protected])
Korean Cataloger Korean Studies Librarian
Harvard-Yenching Library, Harvard Univ. C.V. Starr East Asian Library, Columbia
Univ.
Youngsim Leigh ([email protected])
Librarian Yunah Sung ([email protected])
Asian & Middle Eastern Division, Library Korean Studies Librarian
of Congress Asia Library, Univ. of Michigan
Jude Yang ([email protected])

Eunseung Oh ([email protected]) Korea Studies Librarian
Korean Tech Services Librarian Asia Collection, Univ. of Hawaii, Manoa
East Asian Library, Stanford Univ.
Hyokyoung Yi ([email protected])
Jee-Young Park Head, Public Services and Korean
([email protected]) Studies Librarian
Korean Studies Librarian East Asia Library, Univ. of Washington
East Asian Library, Univ. of Chicago

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Fundamental Handbook For Korean Studies Librarianship

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What is the purpose of this handbook?

What is the purpose of this handbook?

What topics are covered in Chapter 2?

What topics are covered in Chapter 2?

2014

Editorial Board Members: Copy Editors:

Handbook for Korean Studies Librarianship Outside of Korea

The National Library of Korea

ISBN 979-11-5687-075-3 93020

Foreword Ellen Hammond ······················· 1

Preface Miree Ku ································ 3

Chapter 1. Introduction Yunah Sung ···························· 5

Chapter 2. Acquisitions and Collection Development

2.1. Introduction Mikyung Kang·························· 7

2.2. Collection Development Hana Kim ······························· 9

2.3. Producers and Distributors of Korean Language Materials

2.4. Acquisitions: Approval Plan Youngsim Leigh ····················· 37

2.5. Acquisitions: Firm Orders Mikyung Kang ······················· 61

3.1. Introduction Erica Chang ·························· 85

3.2. Romanization Erica Chang ·························· 91

ii Handbook for Korean Studies Librarianship Outside of Korea

3.4. Textual Printed Serials Erica Chang ························· 107

3.5. Moving Image Materials Erica Chang ························· 114

3.6. Sound Recordings Eunseung Oh ······················· 123

Table of Contents iii

3.7. Scores EunHee Nah ························ 133

3.8. Maps Hee-Sook Shin ····················· 139

3.9. Online Textual Resources (Remote Access Resources)

3.10. RDA Tools and Resources Jee-Young Park ···················· 151

3.11. Korean Cataloging Outsourcing Eunseung Oh ······················· 153

3.12. Subject Headings Erica Chang ························· 157

iv Handbook for Korean Studies Librarianship Outside of Korea

Chapter 4. Information Literacy, Faculty Liaison, Community

4.1. Introduction Hana Kim ···························· 163

4.2. Library Instruction/Information Literacy, LibGuide, Lib Catalog Search

4.3. Faculty Liaison and Community Outreach Activities

4.4. Ask a Korean Studies Librarian and Other Reference Services

4.5. Basic Reference Sources in Print Format

vi Handbook for Korean Studies Librarianship Outside of Korea

5.1. Introduction Hyoungbae Lee····················· 225

5.2. Korean Fee-based Online Resources Mikyung Kang······················· 226

5.3. Free Electronic Resources for Korean Studies

5.4. English Databases for Korean Studies

Table of Contents vii

5.5. Technology and Library Services Hyoungbae Lee····················· 279

5.6. Korean Studies Electronic Resources:

viii Handbook for Korean Studies Librarianship Outside of Korea

6.1. The Korean Collection at the University of Auckland Library

6.2. Korean Studies Collection at the University of Michigan

6.3. Developing a Korean Studies Collection:

6.4. Developing a Korean Studies Collection: The Case of Duke University

Chapter 7. Characteristics of Korean Studies Librarianship

7.1. Essential Skills and Qualifications for Success ····························· 333

7.2. Personal Advice on Opportunities, Priorities, and Facing Common

7.3. Conclusion ··············································································· 338

Contributors ················································································· 339

x Handbook for Korean Studies Librarianship Outside of Korea

President, Council on East Asian Libraries

It is an honor to write a foreword to this ambitious work. Building on the successful