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Italian Complex Tenses Guide

This document summarizes Italian complex verb tenses including: - The future tense which uses regular verb endings like -ero, -erai for -are verbs and -iro, -irai for -ire verbs. - The conditional tense which only has two forms and uses endings like -erei, -eresti. - The present subjunctive which removes the 'o' from the 'io' form and adds endings like -i, -i, -i. - The imperfect subjunctive which uses endings like -assi, -essi, -issi and expresses ongoing or uncompleted past actions. - The perfect and past perfect subjunctive involving the subjunctive forms

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448 views2 pages

Italian Complex Tenses Guide

This document summarizes Italian complex verb tenses including: - The future tense which uses regular verb endings like -ero, -erai for -are verbs and -iro, -irai for -ire verbs. - The conditional tense which only has two forms and uses endings like -erei, -eresti. - The present subjunctive which removes the 'o' from the 'io' form and adds endings like -i, -i, -i. - The imperfect subjunctive which uses endings like -assi, -essi, -issi and expresses ongoing or uncompleted past actions. - The perfect and past perfect subjunctive involving the subjunctive forms

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HallidayMatthew
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Italian Complex Tenses Summary

Future
Regular are, ere verbs: -ero4, -erai ,-era4, -eremo, -erete, -erranno
Regular ire verbs: -iro4, -irai, -ira4, -iremo, -irete, -iranno (this includes ire verbs that isc verbs)

Conditional (would)
Only has two forms
Normal condition (would): erei, eresti erebbe, eremmo, erebbero, ereste
Past condition: (would have): normal condition avere/essere + pp

Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (use with future and present states)
Take the ‘o’ off the ‘io’ form of the verb and add
-are
verbs: i, i, i iamo, iate, ino
-ere/ire:
a, a, a, iamo, iate, ano
- For isc
verbs, note that isc is not added in the noi and voi forms regardless of
whether it is used in the io form. In other words you take the -ir off the stem
and then add iate or iam

Imperfect subjunctive (congiuntivo passato)


Use where the lead clause is conditional or past (-vo etc) and the action in the dependent
clause was ongoing, subsisting or hadn’t occurred I thought you were going I would think I was
right
This is made by adding the following endings to the verb stem
Are:
~assi, ~assi, ~ ~asse, ~assimo, ~aste, ~assero
Ere:
~essi, ~essi, ~esse, ~essimo, ~este, ~essero
Ire: ~issi,
~issi, ~isse, ~issimo, ~iste, ~issero

Perfect subjunctive
Use where the verb has been complete
The lead clause is in present indicative and the following clause has been completed
normal subjunctive avere/essere + pp

Past perfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo passato)


Use to express you were thinking or hoping in the past that someone had done sth. The action
had been completed in the past.
imperfect subjunctive avere/essere + pp

Passato Remoto
To form remove re and add: i, sti, (-are/ere/ire, +o4/e2/i2, mmo,ste, rono)

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