Let there be light!
- Introduction to USEPA's
UV Design Guidance Manual
March 2010
Matthias Boeker
Disinfection Market Manager
Water & Wastewater
UVDGM 2006 – Published in November 2006
[Link]
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
UVDGM 2006 – Objectives
Provide PWSs (Public Water Supplies) and designers
with technical information and guidance on selecting,
designing, and operating UV installations and complying
with the UV disinfection related requirements in the
LT2ESWTR.
Provide states with guidance and the necessary tools to
assess UV installations during the design, start-up, and
routine operation phases.
Provide manufacturers with testing and performance
standards for UV reactors and components intended for
treating drinking water.
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
UVDGM 2006 –
Very Good Collection of UV Knowledge
Glossary
History of UV disinfection
Definition of UVT
Microbial Repair
UV Lamps
Lamps Start-up
Fouling Potential
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
Table 1.1. Summary of Microbial and DBP Rules
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
Table 1.2. Bin Requirements for Filtered PWSs
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
Table 1.3. Requirements for Unfiltered PWSs
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
Required Log Reduction for Cryptosporidium
Depends on:
Pre-treatment process
– filtered / unfiltered
– type of filtration and related removal credit:
¾3 log for a conventional, slow sand, or diatomaceous earth filtration
¾2.5-log credit for direct filtration plants
Cryptosporidium Concentration (oocysts/L) in raw water
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
Multi-barrier Concept
Removal credits for various treatment technologies:
Ozone
Chlorine dioxide
UV light
Membranes
Bag/cartridge filters
Bank filtration
=> UV dose requirements are site-specific
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
Multi-barrier Concept: UV and Chlorine Dose Rates
UV & Chlorine Dose Rates
200
180
160 UV Dose = 12 mJ/cm2
140
Chlorine Dose = 5
UV Dose [mJ/cm2]
120 1 log Giardia
mg*min/L 2 log Giardia
100 3 log Giardia
80 ⇒ Perfect Combination 2 log Virus
3 log Virus
60
40
20
0
1 10 100 1000
Chlorine Dose [m g*m in/L]
CT for chlorine: T = 10 °C; pH 6 – 9; free chlorine residual of 0.2 – 0.5 mg/l
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
Table 1.4. UV Dose Requirements (mJ/cm²)
Validated UV Reactors ONLY
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
Figure 1.1. LT2ESWTR Compliance Timeline for Initial
Source Water Monitoring and Treatment Installation
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
Table 5.1. Summary of LT2ESWTR Validation
Requirements
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
Overview of Recommended Validation Protocol
Step 1a
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
UV Dose Measurement Device
The Collimated Beam Device
UV Dose
= UV lamps
Time Shutter
→ controlled /
x uniform retention
time
Intensity
Surface of
This only works for static
systems with a uniform sample
intensity distribution: → measured /
the collimated beam device.
uniform intensity
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
Overview of Recommended Validation Protocol
Step 1b
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
Overview of Recommended Validation Protocol
Step 2
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
Overview of Recommended Validation Protocol
Step 3
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
Validation Factor Analysis
Validated Dose = RED / VF
where:
RED = Reduction Equivalent Dose
VF = Validation Factor that accounts for biases and experimental
uncertainty
VF = BRED * (1 + UVAL / 100)
where:
BRED = RED Bias Factor
UVAL = Uncertainty of Validation (%)
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
BRED = RED Bias Factor
The RED bias is a correction factor that accounts for the
difference between the UV sensitivity of the target
pathogen and the UV sensitivity of the challenge
microorganism.
Tables are presented in Appendix G of the UVDGM
where BRED can be looked up as a function of
– the target pathogen log inactivation,
– the UV sensitivity of the validation microorganism, and
– the ambient UV transmittance (UVT) of the water.
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
Table 5.2. UV Sensitivity of Challenge Microorganisms
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
Deviating dose-response characteristics of test and
target microorganisms
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
Deviating dose-response characteristics of test and
target microorganisms – Graph
UV Sensitivity of Microorganisms
80
70
60
50 Cryptosporidium
mJ/cm²
40 MS2
30 T1
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Log Inactivation
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
Table G.3. RED Bias Values for 3.0-log Cryptosporidium
Inactivation Credit as a Function of UVT and UV Challenge
Microorganism Sensitivity
T1
MS2
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
UVAL = Uncertainty of Validation
The Uncertainty in Validation (UVAL), also referred to as
the experimental uncertainty, has up to 3 input variables
for the Calculated Dose Approach:
– UIN = Uncertainty of interpolation
– US = Uncertainty of sensor value
– UDR = Uncertainty of the fit of the dose-response-curve
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
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Alternative Validation Protocols
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
Products for
UV Drinking Water Disinfection
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
WEDECO BX Example Installation
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
WEDECO LBX Example Installation
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
WEDECO K143 Example Installation
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
WEDECO Spektron Example Installation
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
March 2010
Thank You For Your Attention!
Questions?
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Let there be light! - Introduction to USEPA's UVDGM
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