04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 117

unit
Mysteries
4

© Ray Massey/Stone/getty images

04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 118

Context Clues
Put a circle around the letter of the answer that means the same as the
word in bold.

1. At midnight there was a loud noise in the kitchen. Ali went

to the kitchen, but no one was there. The cause of the noise
was a mystery.
a. something pleasant c. something familiar
b. something normal d. something unknown
2. Juan couldn’t find anyone at school when he got there. The
school was deserted.
a. closed for the day c. dark
b. without any people d. full of people
3. Yuri opened his diary and turned to a new page. What had
happened that day? He thought for a few minutes and then
began to write.
a. record of the day’s events c. newspaper
b. list of daily tasks d. shopping list
4. We could see the tracks of a large animal in the snow.
a. ears c. elbows
b. footprints d. hooks
5. Sara writes stories and poems about the future. She has a
wonderful imagination.
a. knowledge c. mental ability
b. creative ability d. mathematical ability
6. Lori didn’t come to class yesterday, but the teacher didn’t
notice that she was absent.
a. sick c. not serious
b. careless d. not there

118
Unit 4: Mysteries
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 119

7. That island is very isolated. The nearest land is hundreds of

miles away.
a. near other places c. far from other places
b. deserted d. pleasant
8. Most of the Europeans who came to America in the early
days settled along the northeast coast. Only a few people
moved south.
a. looked at the land c. explored
b. moved in and stayed d. relocated
9. Three generations live in my house—me, my parents, and
my grandparents.
a. families
b. age levels in a family
c. committees
d. important events in a day
10. You hear a loud noise when something in the
distance explodes.
a. goes away slowly
b. becomes rare
c. blows apart forcefully
d. moves on the floor
11. Someone put a fence around the garden to prevent animals
from entering.
a. stop c. help
b. allow d. encourage

119
Context Clues
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 120

lesson The Marie Celeste

© Hulton Archive/getty images

Before You Read

1. What are the names of some famous ships?

2. What might happen to a ship when it goes across the ocean?

3. Do you like to read mysteries?

120
Unit 4: Mysteries
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 121

1 The Marie Celeste

There are many stories about the ocean. One of the
strangest is a true story about a sailing ship. It is a
mystery even today.
In 1872, the Marie Celeste started on a trip across the
Atlantic Ocean with a crew of ten people. Some time
later, the captain of another ship, the Dei Gratia, saw the
Marie Celeste. There was something strange about its
appearance. The captain called out, but there was no crew
answer. The Marie Celeste seemed deserted. empty
When the captain went to inspect the ship, no one look at carefully
came to meet him. He knew something was wrong, but
there were no signs of violence. Nothing was missing,
and there was no damage to the ship’s instruments. And
strangely enough, there was food on the table. Where
was everyone? Did the crew jump from the Marie
Celeste? Or did something come up from the ocean and
take the captain and crew away?
The captain of the Dei Gratia looked around for
clues. The last entry in the Marie Celeste’s diary was ten
days earlier. However, the food on the table was only a
few days old. Someone was on the ship a few days
before, but they didn’t write anything in the ship’s
diary. Why?
There were many different explanations for the
mystery of the Marie Celeste. Some people thought that a
huge octopus ate the crew. Others said bad weather very large
carried them away. A few people believed that the Marie
Celeste was under a curse, because it sank on a later went underwater
voyage. Now that the Marie Celeste lies somewhere at
the bottom of the ocean, no one can ever solve the
mystery.

121
Lesson 1: The Marie Celeste
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 122

a Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
crew diary appearance huge
clues inspect curse
explanations mystery sank
deserted damage violence
1. Nothing was missing, and there was no to the
ship’s instruments.
2. A few people believed that the Marie Celeste was under a
, because it on a later voyage.
3. The Marie Celeste seemed .
4. In 1872, the Marie Celeste started on a trip across the Atlantic Ocean with a
of ten people.
5. When the captain went to the ship, no one came to
meet him.
6. There were many different for the mystery of the
Marie Celeste.
7. He knew something was wrong, but there were no signs of
.
8. It is a even today.
9. There was something strange about its .
10. The last entry in the Marie Celeste’s was ten
days earlier.
11. The captain of the Dei Gratia looked around for .
12. Some people thought that a octopus ate the crew.

122
Unit 4: Mysteries
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 123

b Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank.
curse diary huge appeared
clues explanation mystery damage
violently deserted inspect sank
crew
1. He looked at the to his car. It was worse than
he thought.
2. The captain and were happy the voyage was over.
3. A strong wind shook the boat .
4. Many young people keep a in which they write
down all their secrets.
5. An officer came to the burned house. He reported
that the fire was an accident.
6. Although the house seemed , Sally was sure
someone lived there.
7. He was late for class, but he had a good .
8. I threw a coin in the water, and it quickly .
9. It was a . Someone entered a locked room and took
the money.
10. They live in a house. It has more than 30 rooms.
11. The only to the murder were a train ticket and a key.
12. That family seems to be under a . Three of their
children died in less than a year.
13. When the president , everyone in the room stood up.

123
Lesson 1: The Marie Celeste
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 124

c Vocabulary Review
Put the right word in each blank.
processed retired customers leak
ingredients steps took place career
eventually except risky shortage
1. Everyone is going to the tournament my brother.
He is going to stay at home.
2. In the morning, the store is usually empty, but in the afternoon there are
usually a lot of .
3. A lot of foods come in cans.
4. Their son took his first few yesterday.
5. Do you know when the American Revolution ?
6. If she works hard, she will become a great athlete.
7. My uncle was very bored after he , so he got a part-
time job.
8. It’s very to ride in a car without wearing your seatbelt.
9. When there is a of something, the price usually goes up.
10. One of the in my favorite food is salt.
11. He hopes to have a in medicine, but he doesn’t want
to work in a hospital.
12. A lot of water came into the house through a in the roof.

d Comprehension: Multiple Choice

Put a circle around the letter of the best answer.
1. The name of the ship that disappeared was .
a. the Dei Gratia b. a mystery c. the Marie Celeste d. the Marie Azores
2. The Marie Celeste was sailing in the Ocean.
a. Atlantic b. Indian c. Pacific d. Japanese
3. The story takes place in the year .
a. The year is not given. b. 1880 c. 1782 d. 1872

124
Unit 4: Mysteries
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 125

4. The captain who discovered the Marie Celeste was called .

a. Michael c. Captain Nicolai
b. The captain’s name is not given. d. Dei Gratia
5. There was a on the table.
a. fight b. death c. storm d. meal
6. The last entry in the diary was days before.
a. four b. seven c. 400 d. ten
7. The food on the table was only old.
a. a few hours b. seven days c. a few days d. some days
8. The mystery of the Marie Celeste was solved.
a. probably b. never c. finally d. at last

e Questions
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. What kind of a ship was the Marie Celeste?
2. How many crew members were on the Marie Celeste at the beginning of
the trip? How many when she was discovered?
3. Where was the ship going?
4. Did this take place less than a century ago? More than a century ago?
What was the date?
5. Who first knew something was wrong with the Marie Celeste?
6. Why did the captain go to inspect the Marie Celeste?
7. When was the last entry in the ship’s diary? When was the last
meal eaten?
*8. What is strange about these last two facts?
9. Was anyone able to explain the mystery of the Marie Celeste?
*10. What do you think happened to the crew of the Marie Celeste?
11. What happened to the Marie Celeste on a later voyage?

f Main Idea
Which is the main idea of this lesson? Choose one.
1. No one can explain what happened to the captain and crew of the
Marie Celeste.
2. There are many strange things in the ocean, and that’s why it’s dangerous
to travel by ship.
3. The Marie Celeste traveled across the Atlantic Ocean without a captain
and crew.
125
Lesson 1: The Marie Celeste
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 126

lesson The Roanoke Settlement

© CORBIS

Before You Read

1. What does the picture show that tells you the man is
an explorer?

2. What do you know about the first Europeans who came to

live in North America?

3. What new places have you explored?

126
Unit 4: Mysteries
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 127

2 The Roanoke
Settlement
Only a few Europeans lived in North America in the
16th century. Most of them settled on the northeast stayed to live
coast. In 1587, a small group of about 100 people
decided to go south. They moved to the small island of
Roanoke. That area later became part of the state of
North Carolina.
Unfortunately, the Roanoke settlers weren’t well
prepared. They didn’t have enough food for the winter,
and there wasn’t enough grain for future crops. Their
leader, Captain White, decided to sail back to England
to get supplies. However, there was a war in Europe,
and three years passed before he returned to
North America.
When Captain White came back to Roanoke in 1590,
he was eager to see the settlers. He looked out from his
ship, but no one was there to meet him. There were no
signs of life. The settlement was deserted.
No one knows why the Roanoke settlers
disappeared. Many people thought that hostile Native very unfriendly
Americans killed them, but there were no signs of a
fight. Some thought that the settlers died from hunger
or disease, but they couldn’t explain the absence
of bodies.
Many years later, more settlers came to North
Carolina. One of them met a Native American group
called the Lumbee. They were unusual looking
compared to the black-haired, brown-eyed Native
Americans in the north. Some Lumbee had blonde hair
and gray eyes. Then he listened to their speech and
almost fell off his horse. They seemed to speak an odd unusual
kind of English!
He asked where they were from. None of them
knew, but they said that their grandparents “talked from
a book.” Did they mean that their grandparents were
able to read? As he rode back home, he asked himself a

127
Lesson 2: The Roanoke Settlement
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 128

question: Were the Lumbee people the descendants of

the Roanoke settlers?
People are still asking the identical question. same
Because there are no written records, we can’t be certain.
However, there is one interesting fact. Today, some of
the Lumbee people have names like Sampson, Dare, and
Cooper. They are identical to the names of the vanished disappeared
settlers of Roanoke Island.

a Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
eager vanished settled
identical fight disappeared
descendants compared hostile
war odd absence
1. However, there was a in Europe, and three years
passed before he returned to North America.
2. No one knows why the Roanoke settlers .
3. Most of them on the northeast coast.
4. They were unusual looking to the black-haired,
brown-eyed Native Americans in the north.
5. Some thought that the settlers died from hunger or disease, but they
couldn’t explain the of bodies.
6. Were the Lumbee people the of the
Roanoke settlers?
7. They are to the names of the
settlers of Roanoke Island.
8. When Captain White came back to Roanoke in 1590, he was
to see the settlers.
9. Many people thought that Native Americans killed
them, but there were no signs of a .
10. They seemed to speak an kind
of English!

128
Unit 4: Mysteries
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 129

b Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank.
eager war odd
settled fighting vanished
descendants disappearance absence
identical compared hostile
1. The between the North and the South in the United
States started in 1861.
2. There is an smell in the house. I can’t say what it is.
3. Most of the guests after supper. I think they only
came for the food.
4. to last year, he is doing well in school.
5. During the revolution, there was a lot of .
6. Scientists are worried about the of many types
of animals.
7. Of course, the two girls look the same. They’re
twins.
8. The Hansens live in that house. They are the of the
people who first came to our town 100 years ago.
9. Most of the first Eastern European immigrants to the United States
in big cities.
10. “I’m to hear what you did in my
,” said Jenny. “Did you finish your book while
I was away?”
11. At first, the tribes were friendly, but later they became
.

129
Lesson 2: The Roanoke Settlement
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 130

c Vocabulary Review
Match the word in Column A with the word in Column B that means the same. The
first one is done for you.

Column A Column B
1. immediately c. right now a. reason
2. rapid b. often
3. quite a few c. right now
4. explanation d. very old
5. frequently e. not sweet
6. powerful f. common
7. ahead g. fast
8. ancient h. many
9. familiar i. in front
10. bitter j. strong

d Comprehension: Multiple Choice

Put a circle around the letter of the best answer.
1. When Captain White returned to the Roanoke settlement, came to
meet him.
a. a tribe of Native Americans c. a small group
b. only one person d. nobody
2. Only a few Europeans lived in North America in the .
a. winter c. Civil War years
b. 16th century d. 17th century
3. The Roanoke settlers supplies for the winter.
a. had enough c. didn’t have enough
b. had plenty of d. didn’t need
4. Captain White stayed in England for .
a. five years c. three years
b. five months d. a few months
5. The Lumbee people spoke an odd kind of .
a. English c. French
b. Native American language d. Spanish

130
Unit 4: Mysteries
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 131

6. A group of about 100 people moved south to what is now the state
of .
a. South Carolina b. Virginia c. West Virginia d. North Carolina
7. Captain White didn’t return to Roanoke for three years because there was a
in Europe.
a. contest b. war c. revolution d. committee
8. Many years later, more settlers moved south and met a group of Native
Americans called the .
a. Roanokes b. Carolinas c. Lumbee d. Europeans
9. Some of the Lumbee names were to those of the vanished
Roanoke settlers.
a. unknown b. identical c. unfamiliar d. odd

e Questions
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. At first, where did most Europeans settle in North America?
2. How many people were in the group that moved south?
3. Where did they settle?
*4. Why were they called the Roanoke settlers?
5. Were the Roanoke settlers well prepared for winter?
6. Who decided to go back to England? Why?
7. How long was he away? What stopped him from coming back?
8. In what year did he come back? What did he see?
9. What was the name of the group of Native Americans who spoke an odd
sort of English?
10. The Lumbee said that their grandparents “talked from a book.” What is
another way of saying this?
11. What are the names of some of the Lumbee people? What is interesting
about those names?

f Main Idea
Which is the main idea of this lesson? Choose one.
1. In the late 16th century, the Roanoke settlers vanished, and no one knows
where they went.
2. The Lumbee people are definitely descendants of the lost Roanoke settlers.
3. The mystery of the Roanoke settlement proves that the early European
settlers in North America had a very difficult life.
131
Lesson 2: The Roanoke Settlement
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 132

lesson The Easter Island Statues

© Wolfgang Kaehler/CORBIS

Before You Read

1. What are the statues in the picture probably made of?

2. How tall do you think they are?

3. Why do you think the statues are there?

132
Unit 4: Mysteries
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 133

3 The Easter Island

Statues
When the first sailing ship came to Easter Island in
cliff
1722, the captain and crew were afraid to land. They saw
giants looking down at them from the high cliffs. The very large people or
things
giants didn’t move, so the ship slowly moved closer.
Finally, the sailors realized that the giants were statues.
Who made these huge statues? How did they get there?
Easter Island is a very small island in the Pacific
Ocean. It is more than 2,000 miles from the nearest statues
continent (South America). It is one of the most isolated away from other places
and people
places on earth.
The biggest statue on Easter Island is over 60 feet
high and weighs over 100 tons. There are hundreds of
smaller ones, about 15 feet high. All of the statues are
made of stone, and some wear stone hats. Their faces
are solemn and unsmiling.
Earlier inhabitants of Easter Island made the statues people living in a place
from the rocks in a volcanic crater. Next, they had to
move the statues a long distance. In some cases, they
moved the statues to locations more than ten miles away. places
No one knows for certain how the inhabitants were
able to move the statues. Some scientists say that palm
trees grew on Easter Island in the past. They think the
inhabitants cut the trees down and placed the heavy
crater
statues on the trees. Then groups of 70 or more people
rolled the statues to their present locations. Other turned over and over
scientists disagree with this theory because there are no
palm trees on the island today. More important, the
purpose of the statues is still a mystery. Was the purpose
of the statues to prevent strangers from landing on the not allow
island?
The result, however, has been the opposite. Large
groups of eager people come to look at the statues.
Easter Island now has a modern airport, and people
come from all over the world to visit.

133
Lesson 3: The Easter Island Statues
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 134

a Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
statues cliffs present rolled
giants locations prevent
theory realized isolated
crater inhabitants solemn
1. Their faces are and unsmiling.
2. Finally, the sailors that the giants were
.
3. It is one of the most places on earth.
4. They saw looking down at them from the high
.
5. In some cases, they moved the statues to more than
ten miles away.
6. Other scientists disagree with this because there are
no palm trees on the island today.
7. Earlier of Easter Island made the statues from the
rocks in a volcanic .
8. Then groups of 70 or more people the statues to their
locations.
9. Was the purpose of the statues to strangers from
landing on the island?

134
Unit 4: Mysteries
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 135

b Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank.
cliff presently roll giant
isolation location inhabitants theory
crater realize prevent statues
solemn
1. Don’t carry the rock. Just it down the hill.
2. In , we should get eight hours of sleep every night. In
practice, we often sleep only five or six hours.
3. of former kings and queens lined the entrance to
the cathedral.
4. Last year, there were ten people in the club. , there
are only five.
5. The redwood tree is a . It grows very tall.
6. Don’t go too close to the side of the . You might
fall off.
7. When did you that your daughter is a good athlete?
8. One hundred years ago, the of our town were
all farmers.
9. The of the volcano wasn’t dead. The villagers
expected it to erupt at any moment.
10. This is a very good for our farm. It has water and
lots of trees.
11. My grandfather was a person. He almost
never laughed.
12. What can we do to the birds from returning and
eating the fruit?
13. They put him in because he had a
contagious disease.

135
Lesson 3: The Easter Island Statues
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 136

c Vocabulary Review
Match the word in Column A with the word in Column B that means the opposite.
The first one is done for you.

Column A Column B
1. identical h. different a. presence
2. huge b. friendly
3. sinks c. very bad
4. hostile d. emptied
5. absence e. a long time ago
6. normal f. careful
7. excellent g. allows
8. careless h. different
9. filled i. refuse
10. decrease j. small
11. forbids k. unusual
12. strange l. familiar
13. recently m. increase
14. accept n. comes up

d Comprehension: True/False/No Information

Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if it is false. Write NI if no information about
the sentence was given in the text.
1. The first ship to arrive at Easter Island was a steam ship.
2. At first, the sailors thought the giants were real people.
3. The sailors realized that the giants were statues.
4. Easter Island is very close to South America.
5. Easter Island lies in the Pacific Ocean.
6. There are many huge stone statues on the island.
7. The statues have smiling faces.
8. The present inhabitants of Easter Island made the statues.
9. There are many volcanoes on the island.

136
Unit 4: Mysteries
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 137

10. No palm trees grow on the island today.

11. The statues were placed on the cliffs to welcome visitors.
12. Today, many people visit Easter Island to look at the statues.

e Questions
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. Is Easter Island large or small?
2. Which ocean is it in?
3. How far away is the nearest continent?
4. What are the statues on Easter Island made from?
5. How tall is the biggest statue?
6. How much does it weigh?
7. Can you describe the faces of the statues?
8. Where did the rocks for the statues come from?
9. How far did the inhabitants move some of the statues?
10. Did the present inhabitants of Easter Island make the statues?
11. What is one possible purpose of the statues?
*12. What do you think the purpose of the statues was?

f Main Idea
Which is the main idea of this lesson? Choose one.
1. The early inhabitants of Easter Island made huge statues whose purpose is
a mystery.
2. The early inhabitants of Easter Island spent years placing the statues in
their present locations.
3. Easter Island has many visitors every year.

137
Lesson 3: The Easter Island Statues
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 138

lesson The Tunguska Fireball

Before You Read © The Image Bank/getty images

1. What is happening in the picture?

2. Where do meteors come from?

3. What other things come from space?

138
Unit 4: Mysteries
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 139

4 The Tunguska
Fireball
The Tunguska plateau is an isolated area in central
Siberia. On the morning of June 30, 1908, inhabitants of
the area saw and heard a mysterious explosion. Fire
covered the sky, and the earth shook violently. In the plateau
following nights, there were strange lights in the sky.
The night sky was so bright that people could read the
newspaper outdoors. Far away in Europe, many people
reported seeing unusual lights in the night sky. described
The Tunguska plateau is very difficult to reach, so no
one went to inspect the site of the explosion. Most place
people thought the explosion was probably an
earthquake, and they soon forgot about it.
Nineteen years passed before Leonid Kulik, a
Russian scientist, went to look for the site of the
explosion. With great difficulty, he traveled on foot to
the Tunguska plateau. What he saw there amazed him.
As far as he could see, the trees were black. Many lay
flat on the ground. The explosion burned perhaps
80 million trees over an area of about 1,000 square miles.
After seeing the destruction, Kulik decided that a
meteor probably caused the explosion.
For many years, the meteor theory was the most meteor
popular explanation for the Tunguska explosion.
However, there were problems with this theory. No one
could find the crater where the meteor hit the ground,
and no one could find any pieces of a meteor.
In addition, some of the trees at the center of the also, besides
explosion weren’t burned.
Over the years, there were many explanations for the
Tunguska explosion. Some people thought it was a huge
bomb. Others suggested that it was an exploding offered an idea
spaceship. One recent theory is that the meteor
exploded in the air before it hit the ground. That
explains the missing crater, but it doesn’t explain the
missing pieces of a meteor. A more recent theory

139
Lesson 4: The Tunguska Fireball
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 140

suggests something completely different. Perhaps it

wasn’t something from outer space that destroyed the
area. Instead, some scientists now think gas from the
center of the earth caused the explosion.
Scientists continue to travel to the Tunguska plateau
looking for clues to the cause of the explosion. Every
few years newspapers report that scientists finally have
a solution to the Tunguska mystery. So far, however, until now
scientists can’t agree on the cause of the explosion. For
them, the Tunguska explosion is still one of the great
mysteries of all time.

a Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
bright meteor flat plateau
site covered shook suggested
in addition so far explosion ground
reported
1. Far away in Europe, many people seeing unusual
lights in the night sky.
2. Fire the sky, and the earth
violently.
3. After seeing the destruction, Kulik decided that a
probably caused the explosion.
4. On the morning of June 30, 1908, inhabitants of the area saw and heard a
mysterious .
5. Many lay on the .
6. , however, scientists can’t agree on the cause of
the explosion.
7. The Tunguska plateau is very difficult to reach, so no one went to inspect
the of the explosion.
8. The night sky was so that people could read the
newspaper outdoors.

140
Unit 4: Mysteries
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 141

9. The Tunguska is an isolated area in central Siberia.

10. Others that it was an exploding spaceship.
11. , some of the trees at the center of the explosion
weren’t burned.

b Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank.
bright exploded flat suggestions
plateau site covered shaking
in addition so far ground meteor
reporter
1. We are saving money to buy a car. , we have $2,000
in the bank.
2. The sun was so that she had to wear sunglasses.
3. I looked up at the night sky, and suddenly a
flashed past.
4. to soccer, he likes to play baseball and basketball.
5. We the food on the table so that the flies couldn’t
touch it.
6. I dropped my watch on the , and now I can’t find it.
7. I sat on his hat, and now it’s .
8. The of the battle is a museum. Many visitors go
there every year.
9. What should we do this weekend? Do you have any ?
10. He’s so nervous that his hands are .
11. The is high, over 3,000 feet above sea level.
12. The newspaper inspected the site of the car accident
and described what he saw.
13. After the car rolled over, it caught fire and .

141
Lesson 4: The Tunguska Fireball
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 142

c Vocabulary Review
Underline the word that does not belong in each group.
1. mysterious, odd, powerful, strange
2. inspect, vanish, disappear, go away
3. theory, idea, location, suggestion
4. location, flat, site, place
5. inhabitants, customers, crew, statues
6. meteor, plateau, valley, cliff
7. roll, curse, throw, touch
8. flat, bitter, sweet, delicious

d Comprehension: Multiple Choice

Put a circle around the letter of the best answer.
1. On June 30, 1908, there was a huge in central Siberia.
a. damage c. explosion
b. tundra d. mystery
2. In 1908, the Tunguska plateau was .
a. very crowded c. a popular place to visit
b. near a big city d. far from everything
3. A plateau is .
a. an area destroyed by an explosion
b. a high flat area
c. a Siberian house
d. a bright light
4. No one inspected the site of the explosion in 1908 because .
a. it was hard to get to
b. it was dark at night
c. no one was interested
d. everyone thought the explosion was an earthquake
5. The Tunguska explosion burned .
a. everything in the area
b. most but not all trees in the area
c. all of the buildings in the area
d. a few trees in the area

142
Unit 4: Mysteries
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 143

6. At first, people thought caused the explosion.

a. gas c. an earthquake
b. a meteor d. a spaceship
7. A meteor isn’t a good explanation for the explosion because .
a. there is no crater in the ground
b. there aren’t any pieces of a meteor in the area
c. trees in the center of the area weren’t burned
d. all of the above
8. Today most scientists .
a. don’t agree on the cause of the explosion
b. think that a meteor caused the explosion
c. aren’t interested in the cause of explosion
d. think that a volcano caused the explosion

e Questions
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. Where is the Tunguska plateau?
2. What happened there in 1908?
3. How did people in Europe know that something happened there?
*4. What usually happens when large meteors hit the earth?
5. Why was it so long before any scientist traveled to the Tunguska plateau
to see what had happened?
6. What was the area like after nineteen years?
7. Can you give two explanations for the Tunguska explosion?
8. What’s the problem with the meteor theory?
9. What is the most recent explanation for the explosion?
*10. What do you think caused the Tunguska explosion?

f Main Idea
Which is the main idea of this lesson? Choose one.
1. The Tunguska explosion in 1908 destroyed a huge area in central Siberia.
2. The Tunguska explosion was so powerful that people in Europe heard it.
3. In 1908, a mysterious explosion occurred in Siberia. No one really knows
what happened.

143
Lesson 4: The Tunguska Fireball
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 144

lesson Mystery of the Monarchs

© Dan Guravich/CORBIS

Before You Read

1. What do you know about butterflies?

2. How far do you think a butterfly can fly?

3. Can you think of anything mysterious about butterflies?

144
Unit 4: Mysteries
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 145

5 Mystery of the
Monarchs
Monarch butterflies from the eastern part of North
America make the most amazing journey in the insect long trip
world. Each year, this tiny creature travels up to 3,000 very small
miles (4,800 kilometers) to its winter home in central
Mexico. How can it fly so far? And what is the purpose
of its long and dangerous trip? Scientists still don’t have
an explanation.
For many years, people in Mexico wondered where asked themselves
the orange-and-black butterflies came from every
winter. Then, in 1937, a scientist put the first wing tags
on some of the butterflies. For the next 20 years, he
tagged and tracked Monarch butterflies. He discovered
that one butterfly started its journey in Ontario, Canada.
Four months and 1,870 miles later, it arrived in Mexico.
The length of the butterflies’ trip is only one part of
the mystery. Another amazing thing is that the
tag
butterflies always return to the same location in central
Mexico. In fact, Monarchs from all over the eastern part
of North America spend the winter at just a dozen
places in Mexico. All of these places are within
300 square miles of each other! You can imagine how
crowded the area is with butterflies.
How do the butterflies find their way back to the
same place? This is an interesting question because only
every fourth generation makes the trip south. In other
words, the butterfly that travels to Mexico this year is
the great-great-grandchild of the butterfly that traveled
there last year.
Each year, four generations of a Monarch butterfly
family are born. Each generation of the family has a
very different life. The first generation of Monarchs is
born in the south in late April. It slowly moves north,
reproduces, and then dies. On the trip north, two more lays eggs or has babies
generations are born, reproduce, and die. Each of these
generations of butterflies lives for only two to five weeks.

145
Lesson 5: Mystery of the Monarchs
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 146

In the fall, the fourth generation of butterflies is

born. Compared to its parents, this generation has a
long life. It lives for about eight months. This generation
of butterflies makes the amazing journey to the winter
home of its great-great-grandparents. The butterflies
spend the winter there, and in the spring they reproduce
and then die. Their offspring will be the first generation children
of the next cycle.
Today, people are still studying the Monarch
butterfly. In 1997, volunteers tagged more than 75,000
butterflies. You can volunteer to help, too. Just go to the
Internet and look up the organization Monarch Watch.

a Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
offspring tiny wondered tags
journey volunteers imagine cycle
reproduces generation tracked
1. For many years, people in Mexico where the orange-
and-black butterflies came from every winter.
2. It slowly moves north, , and then dies.
3. Monarch butterflies from the eastern part of North America make the
most amazing in the insect world.
4. In 1997, tagged more than 75,000 butterflies.
5. Each year, this creature travels up to 3,000 miles
(4,800 kilometers) to its winter home in central Mexico.
6. For the next 20 years, he tagged and Monarch
butterflies.
7. This is an interesting question because only every fourth
makes the trip south.

146
Unit 4: Mysteries
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 147

8. Then, in 1937, a scientist put the first wing on some

of the butterflies.
9. Their will be the first generation of the next
.
10. You can how crowded the area is with butterflies.

b Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank.
offspring tinier journey wonder
volunteer imagine tag generations
reproduce cycle track
1. Three of my family live in the same house.
2. I put a on my suitcase so that I could identify it at
the airport.
3. I never saw a Monarch butterfly, but I can what it
looks like.
4. It’s illegal to a dollar bill.
5. She had to stop her work because she needed to
earn some money.
6. It’s easy to animals when there is snow on
the ground.
7. This place is deserted. I where everyone is.
8. Their across the continent took several years.
9. I know your parents have at least one .
10. A poppy seed is than an apple seed.
11. The of the seasons is fall, winter, spring,
and summer.

147
Lesson 5: Mystery of the Monarchs
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 148

c Vocabulary Review
Put the right word in each blank.
damage descendents encouraged explain
inspect diary remove missed
realize eager event snack
1. My children and my grandchildren are my .
2. I left my notebook at school, but I didn’t it until I
got home.
3. He did a lot of to his car when he hit the tree.
4. She has a good record of her vacation because she wrote in her
almost every day.
5. I didn’t want to participate in the event, but my parents
me to go.
6. Be sure to the car carefully before you buy it.
7 I don’t understand this definition. Could you it
to me?
8. I often have some fruit for a in the middle of
the afternoon.
9. The birth of a child is a happy in a person’s life.
10. When he was away, he his friends and family a lot.
11. Do you usually your shoes before you go inside?
12. They weren’t to come to the meeting, but they
came anyway.

d Comprehension: True/False/No Information

Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if it is false. Write NI if no information about
the sentence was given in the text.
1. Eastern Monarch butterflies travel to Mexico for the winter.
2. All of the butterflies live in the same area during the summer.
3. Monarch butterflies travel all the way to Mexico without stopping.
4. The eastern Monarch butterflies live in different parts of Mexico.
5. Each generation lives for eight months.

148
Unit 4: Mysteries
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 149

6. The same butterfly makes the trip south to Mexico and then back
north to Canada.
7. Monarch butterflies are orange and black.
8. In 1937, a scientist discovered why the butterflies make this
long trip.
9. People are still tracking Monarch butterflies.
10. Scientists don’t know why the butterflies always return to the
same place.
11. The Monarch butterfly can fly very fast.
12. Three generations of butterflies live for just two to five weeks each.

e Questions
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. What does a Monarch butterfly look like?
2. Where does it go in the winter?
*3. Where does it live the rest of the year?
*4. How many miles a day can a butterfly fly?
5. How is the fourth generation of a Monarch family different from the
other generations?
6. What is unusual about the Monarch butterflies’ journey to Mexico?
7. How long does it take for a butterfly to reproduce?
*8. Why do you think people volunteer to tag butterflies?
*9. Do you think these insects are interesting?

f Main Idea
Which is the main idea of this lesson? Choose one.
1. It’s a mystery how and why the Monarch butterfly returns to Mexico
every year.
2. The eastern Monarch butterfly makes the longest journey of any insect in
the world.
3. Each generation of Monarch butterflies lives a very different life from
the others.

149
Lesson 5: Mystery of the Monarchs
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 150

Word Study

a Conjunctions: and/but
We use conjunctions to connect ideas in a sentence. The
conjunction but shows a contrast between two ideas. The
conjunction and shows a similarity between two ideas.
Examples: I wanted to eat outside, but it was raining.
I like to travel, but no one else in my family does.
I wanted to eat outside, and my friends did, too.
I like to travel, and so do all of my friends.
Add the conjunction and or but to each sentence.
1. The captain expected to find someone on the Marie Celeste,
no one was there.
2. The last diary entry on the Marie Celeste was ten days old,
the food was only a few days old.
3. Nothing on the ship was missing, the
captain and crew were gone.
4. The Roanoke settlers didn’t have enough food for the winter,
they lacked grain for their future crops.
5. Captain White was eager to see the settlers,
no one came to greet him.
6. People thought that the early Roanoke settlers had vanished
forever, there are people today who still
have the same names.
7. The Easter Island statues are carved from stone,
some wear stone hats.
8. People in central Siberia saw a bright light,
seconds later they heard a tremendous explosion.
9. Trees were still black from the explosion,
many of them lay flat on the ground.
10. The Monarch butterflies make a very long trip south,
they always return to the same location.
150
Unit 4: Mysteries
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 151

b Spelling Review
1. Look at the words below, and then answer the questions.

Singular Plural Singular Plural

toy toys navy navies
holiday holidays story stories
day days city cities
donkey donkeys party parties
a. How do you form the plural of a noun that ends in a vowel
plus -y?
b. How do you form the plural of a noun that ends in a
consonant plus -y?
2. Write the plural form of each noun.
a. mystery
b. donkey
c. theory
d. army
e. tray
f. enemy
g. diary
h. valley
i. discovery
j. worry

151
Word Study
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 152

c Word Forms
Verb Noun Adjective
1. isolate isolation isolated
2. desert desertion deserted
3. inspect inspection inspected
4. mystify mystery mysterious
5. imagine imagination imaginative
6. explode explosion explosive
7. compare comparison comparable
8. suggest suggestion suggested
9. destroy destruction destructive
Put the correct word form in each blank. Use words from line 1 in item
1, and so on. Use the right verb forms and singular or plural nouns.
1. He lives in a very area. I think his closest
neighbor is 50 miles away.
2. When the ship started to sink, everyone it.
3. There is going to be an important
tomorrow. I hope everything is ready when the boss comes to
the office.
4. We heard a noise last night. However,
the was eventually explained. It was a
white goat.
5. What an that author has! In her last
novel, she she lived five hundred years
ago in Hungary.
6. The gas when it got hot. The
woke everyone up.
7. My brother the two cars and decided to
buy the smaller one.
8. Clare has a good . She thinks we should
meet on Sunday.
9. It was a very explosion. It
every house on our street.

152
Unit 4: Mysteries
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 153

d Regular and Irregular Verbs

Write the past tense of each verb. Then use the past tense in a sentence.
1. inspect
2. fight
3. vanish
4. settle
5. shake
6. come
7. find
8. hit
9. imagine
10. suggest

e Collocations
We often use certain adjectives and nouns together. For example,
we say a tall person and a high cliff. We don’t usually say a high
person or a tall cliff.
Match the adjectives and nouns in the lists below. The first one is done
for you.
Adjectives Nouns
1. solemn d. face a. life
2. loud b. island
3. long c. cliff
4. noisy d. face
5. bright e. enemy
6. deserted f. classroom
7. hostile g. light
8. high h. explosion

153
Word Study
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 154

f Writing
Choose one or more of these topics and write answers.
1. Which of the five mysteries was the strangest to you? Why?
2. Pretend that a member of the crew of the Marie Celeste wrote a
message, put it in a bottle, and dropped the bottle in the
ocean. You just found the bottle with the message. What does
the message say?
3. Describe something mysterious—something you read or
heard about.

154
Unit 4: Mysteries
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 155

Video Highlights

a Before You Watch

You have read about Easter Island. For each of these sentences, write T
if the sentence is true. Write F if it is not true.

1. Easter Island is one of the most isolated islands in

the world.
2. The island is famous for its mysterious paintings.
3. Some of the statues on Easter Island are over
60 feet tall.
4. Easter Island is one of the largest islands in
the world.

b As You Watch
There are some interesting facts in the video. As you watch, fill in the
blanks in the sentences with some of the numbers from the list below.
hundreds 3,000 55 1914 111
20 60 1870s thousands 15,000
1. Some statues weigh of tons.
2. They are as much as meters, or
feet, high.
3. Tourism can have a downside for the island’s
inhabitants.
4. By the , only
Easter Islanders remained.

155
Video Highlights
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 156

c After You Watch

Follow the directions to write on the map of Easter Island.
1. Draw an arrow pointing in the direction of South America.
2. Write Pacific Ocean and Easter Island on the appropriate lines
on the map.
3. Moto Nui is an island off Easter Island’s southwestern tip.
Make a cross where it is on the map.
4. In one of the four circles on the map, write N for north.
5. Draw a triangle connecting the three main volcanoes of Ranu
Kau, Maunga Terevaka, and Katiki.
6. The original inhabitants of Easter Island made the statues
from huge stones lying near the volcanic crater at Rano
Raraku. Then they pulled the statues to Vinapu, almost ten
miles away. Draw a line from one place to the other.

Maunga Terevaka

Katiki

Rano Raraku

Vinapu

Ranu Kau

156
Unit 4: Mysteries
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 157

Activity Page

In the News

TEENAGERS VANISH IN WHIRLWIND

1. Look at the newspaper headline above; then use items from the
squares below to make up your own headlines. Here are some verbs you
might want to use:
discover destroy shake
damage amaze vanish
capture throw kick
disappear

teenagers wrestler scientists customer runners

explosion whirlwind tidal wave meteor sharks

157
Activity Page
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 158

2. A baby-sitter was in charge of a small boy, Sammy. They were having

a snack in the kitchen. She left the room to answer the phone. When she
came back, she saw that Sammy had damaged many things. Work with
a partner to find them. Below are some verbs you can use.

damaged opened burned

broke undid wrote
removed emptied unrolled
tore dropped flooded
Example: Sammy tore the curtains. He cut the . . . .

158
Unit 4: Mysteries
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 159

Dictionary Page

Informal Usage
Often a word has two uses, one for formal speech and writing,
and the other for everyday, or informal, speech. Your dictionary
indicates whether a word has an informal meaning.
1. Read the dictionary entries below; then circle the number of the
informal entry. The first one is done for you.
broke /broυk/
1 past tense of break
2 adjective informal without money: I am broke.
neat /nit/ adjective
1 in good order, (synonym) tidy: His house is always
neat and clean.
2 skillfully done: a neat way of saying something
3 informal great, wonderful: We had a neat time at the
party. —adverb neatly; —noun neatness.
lot /lɑt/noun
1 a piece of land: We own a small lot next to our house.
2 (no plural) one’s condition in life: It was his lot to
become a priest.
3 informal a lot (of ) or lots (of ): a large amount or
number: I like her a lot. He has lots of money, problems,
etc.
nut /nt/noun
1 a fruit with a hard shell or its seed: a candy made
from fruit and nuts
2 informal a person who seems very odd or crazy:
Stop acting like a nut!
3 a small piece of metal with a hole in the middle,
used with a bolt
kid /kd/noun
1 informal a child
2 a young goat
noodle /nudl/ noun
1 a long, narrow or wide, flat strip of pasta made
from a mixture of flour, egg, and water: Boil the
noodles first.
2 informal head: You can figure it out; just use your
noodle!
159
Dictionary Page
04-181 C04 pp3 1/31/05 3:14 PM Page 160

2. Decide whether the words in bold are used formally or informally. Put
a check mark (✓) in the correct column: Formal or Informal.

Formal Informal
a. I’m so broke I can’t afford to buy lunch.
b. Fruit cake always contains raisins
and nuts.
c. That was a really neat piece of music.
d. What’s the name of your kid brother?
e. Julio’s made a lot of enemies.
f. She always kept her room neat and tidy.
3. Rewrite each sentence. Replace each boldfaced word with a synonym.
The first one is done for you.
a. My brother John is only a kid.
My brother John is only a child.
b. He always acts like a nut.

c. That cake’s got lots of cream in it.

e. Your sister’s really neat.

f. I’m broke, but I have a credit card.

g. She’s smart, but she doesn’t use her noodle.

160
Unit 4: Mysteries