1.
AUDIENCE ANALYSIS entails
looking into the profile of your target
audience. The profile includes the
following information.
a. Demography (age range, male-
female ratio, educational
background and affiliations or
degree program taken, nationality,
economic status, academic or
corporate designations)
b. Situation (time, venue, occasion,
and size)
c. Psychology (values, beliefs,
attitudes, preferences, cultural and
racial ideologies, and needs)
2. PURPOSE writing and delivering
the speech can be classified into
three—to inform, to entertain, or to
persuade.
3. THE TOPIC is your focal point of
your speech, which can be
determined once you have decided
on your purpose.
4. DATA GATHERING is the stage
where you collect ideas,
information, sources, and
references relevant or related to
your specific topic.
5. WRITING PATTERNS, in general,
are structures that will help you
organize the ideas related to your
topic:
a. Biographical. Presents
descriptions of your life or of a
person, famous or not.
Specific Purpose: To inform
my audience about my
grandfather, the late former
President Ramon Magsaysay
Specific Topic: Describing the
life and works of my
grandfather, the late former
President Ramon Magsaysay
b. Categorical/ Topical. Presents
related categories supporting the
topic.
Specific Purpose. To persuade the
community members to reduce,
reuse, and recycle as means of
eliminating garbage and protecting
the environment.
Specific Topic. Why the
community members should
promote reducing, reusing,
and recycling
c.Causal - Presents cause-
effect relationships.
Specific Purpose. To inform my
audience on the effects of overeating
Specific Topic: Explaining the
possible effects of overeating to one’s
health
d. Chronological - Presents the
idea in time order.
Specific Purpose: To inform
my audience about the significant
events in the 1986 EDSA
Revolution or People Power.
Specific Topic: significant events
before, during, and after the 1986
EDSA Revolution or People Power
e. Comparison/ contrast -
Presents comparison/ contrast of
two or three points
Specific Purpose: To persuade
the audience that living in the
Philippines is better than living in
Australia
Specific Topic: Explaining why the
Philippines is more habitable than
Australia
f. Problem-solution - Presents an
identified problem, its causes, and
recommended solutions
Specific Purpose: To persuade
the audience to support the
educational programs of the
national government
Specific Topic: Explaining the
reasons for supporting the
government’s educational programs
seen as the primary means of
increasing the literacy rate in the
Philippines
6. OUTLINE is a hierarchical list that
shows the relationship of your ideas.
a)Purpose, b) Specific Purpose, c)
Topic, d) Pattern, e) Introduction, f)
Body, g) Conclusion
a. THE BODY of the speech
provides explanations, examples,
or any details that can help you
deliver your purpose and explain
the main idea of your speech.
b. The introduction is the
foundation of your speech. Here,
your primary goal is to get the
attention of your audience and
present the subject or main idea of
your speech. Your first few words
should do so. The following are
some strategies.
Use a real-life experience and
connect that experience to your
subject.
-Use practical examples and explain
their connection to your subject.
Start with a familiar or strong quote
and then explain what it means.
Use facts or statistics and
highlight their importance to your
subject.
Tell a personal story to illustrate
your point.
c. The Conclusion restates the
main idea of your speech.
Furthermore, it provides a
summary, emphasizes the
message, and calls for action.
While the primary goal of the
introduction is to get the attention
of your audience, the conclusion
aims to leave the audience with a
memorable statement. The
following are some strategies.
Begin your conclusion with a
restatement of your message.
to your audience.
Ask a question or series of
questions that can make your
audience reflect or ponder. Use
positive examples, encouraging
words, or memorable lines from
songs or stories familiar
7. EDITING/REVISING your written
speech involves correcting errors in
mechanics, such as grammar,
punctuation, capitalization, unity,
coherence, and others.
8. REHEARSING gives you an
opportunity to identify what
works and what does not work
for you and for your target
audience.
