Gamit ng Pangngalan Worksheets

June 29, 2014samutsamot_mom

Nouns (mga pangngalan) have several functions. Identifying a noun’s grammatical case is referring to the noun’s
use or function in relation to the other words in the phrase, clause, or sentence.
The most common cases of nouns are the subjective case (kaukulang palagyo), the objective case (kaukulang
palayon), and the possessive case (kaukulang paari).
Kaukulang Palagyo (Subjective or Nominative Case)
In the subjective or nominative case, the noun may be used as a subject of the sentence, a subject complement, or an
appositive.

1. Noun as the subject of the sentence (simuno o paksa)

Nouns are often used as a subject (simuno o paksa) of the sentence.
Ang basura ay itinapon sa tamang lalagyan.
The word basura (trash) is a noun and it is the subject of the sentence.
2. Noun as a subject complement (kaganapang pansimuno)
A subject complement or subjective complement is a word or phrase that follows a linking verb and describes the
subject of the sentence. Since we are talking about the functions of nouns, the subject complement we are interested
here are nouns or noun phrases in the predicate that renames or describes the subject of the sentence.

Ang basura ay problema sa ating pamayanan. (problema = subject complement)

In this sentence, the noun problema (problem) is part of the predicate and it describes the subject basura by
referring to it as a problem.
In Filipino sentences, the subject complement (kaganapang pansimuno) usually comes after the word ay if the
sentence has the subject+predicate arrangement (di-karaniwang ayos). However, in a sentence with the
predicate+subject arrangement (karaniwang ayos) where the word ay is not used, the subject complement appears
first in the sentence.
Problema ang basura sa ating pamayanan. (problema = subject complement)
3. Noun as an appositive (pamuno)
An appositive (pamuno) is a noun, noun phrase, or noun clause that renames or describes another noun right beside
it in the sentence. An appositive is usually written in between commas or has a comma before it.
Appositives can rename or describe nouns in the subject, a subject complement, or a direct object.

Ang basura, isang problema sa ating pamayanan, ay nagdudulot ng mga sakit.

The entire phrase isang problema sa ating pamayanan is an appositive because it describes the noun that came
before it (basura). The noun problema is the appositive of the subject basura.
Ang pagkain namin ay halohalo, ang paboritong meryenda ni Carlo.
The noun meryenda (snack) renames the subject complement halohalo, so meryenda is the appositive of halohalo.
Si Nanay ay nagluto ng adobong manok, ang paboritong ulam ni Mike.
The noun ulam renames the direct object adobong manok, so ulam is the appositive of adobong manok.
Kaukulang Palayon (Objective Case)
In the objective case, the noun may be used as a direct object of the verb (tuwirang layon o layon ng pandiwa) or
as an object of the preposition (layon ng pang-ukol).
4. Noun as the direct object (tuwirang layon o layon ng pandiwa)
A noun may be used as the direct object of an action verb. The direct object receives the action described by the
verb. The noun usually follows the action verb and answers the question what or who.
Itinapon ang basura sa tamang lalagyan.
The verb in this sentence is itinapon (threw). The noun that comes after the verb is basura (trash) and it answers
the question “Threw what?” or “Itinapon ang ano?”
5. Noun as the object of the preposition (layon ng pang-ukol)
A noun may be used as the object of a preposition (pang-ukol). Examples of Filipino prepositions are sa, ng, para
sa, para kay, tungkol sa, tungkol kay, ukol sa, ukol kay, hinggil sa, hinggil kay, laban sa, laban kay, labag sa,
labag kay, ayon sa, ayon kay, alinsunod sa, alinsunod kay, nang may, nang wala, mula sa, and tungo sa. The
noun that follows a preposition is the object of the preposition.
Itinapon ang basura sa tamang lalagyan.
The noun lalagyan (container) is the object of the preposition sa (into).
Kaukulang Paari (Possessive Case)
6. Nouns in the possessive case (kaukulang paari) show ownership. In Filipino sentences, nouns in the possessive
case come after the words ni, nina, kay or kina.
Si Jaime ay pinsan ni Tony.
Kay Jaime ang itim na bag.
Kaukulang Bokatibo (Vocative Case)
7. The vocative case is the case used for nouns that identify or get the attention of the person being addressed.
Grace, siya ay si Jaime.
The noun Grace is in the vocative case because the speaker is calling her attention.

Nagawa ko na po ang mga takdang-aralin ko, Itay.

The noun Itay (Dad) is in the vocative case because the speaker is calling the attention of his or her dad.

The two 15-item worksheets below ask the student to identify the use of the underlined noun in each sentence. The
following uses of nouns are included in the worksheets:

1. simuno o paksa (subject)

2. kaganapang pansimuno (subject complement)
3. pamuno (appositive)
4. tuwirang layon (direct object of the verb)
5. layon ng pang-ukol (object of the preposition)
6. panawag (noun in the vocative case)

Gamit ng Pangngalan
Katoto! Kumusta? Today, let’s talk about the different functions of a noun in a sentence.

Even in Filipino, nouns (ang mga pangngalan) has several functions (gamit) in a sentence. This lesson is
primarily intended for the fourth grade. But if your lesson has the same functions, then feel free to study them.

1. Simuno o Paksa (Subject)

Ito ay tumutukoy sa pangngalang pinag-uusapan sa pangungusap. The noun in the sentence is the subject
or the doer of the action.

Halimbawa: Si Ranay ay nakatira sa isang bayan ng Sto. Cristo.

(Si Ranay is a noun and the subject of the sentence.)

2. Kaganapang Pansimuno (Subject Complement)

Ang pangngalan na ito ay tumutukoy sa simuno ngunit nasa bahaging panaguri. The noun refers to the
subject but it is in the predicate.

Halimbawa: Si Ranay ay isang matakaw na bata.

(The noun bata refers to the subject Si Ranay but it is found and the predicate of the sentence.)

3. Layon ng Pandiwa (Direct Object)

Ang pangngalan na ito ay ang layon ng salitang kilos o pandiwa sa pangungusap. Tinatanggap nito ang
kilos sa pangungusap. Madalas itong matatagpuan matapos ng salitang kilos. Sumasagot din ito sa
tanong na ano o sino. This noun acts as the direct object of the verb. It receives the action. It follows the verb
often. It answers the questions what or who.

Halimbawa: Mahilig kumain ng minatamis si Ranay.

(The noun minatamis is the direct object of the verb kumain. Notice that it comes after the verb. It also
answers the question what or ano.)

Credits to OpenClipart-Vectors at Pixabay.

4. Layon ng Pang-ukol (Object of the Preposition)

Ang pangngalan na ito ay ginagamit bilang layon ng pang-ukol. Matatagpuan ito pagkatapos ng pang-
ukol. The noun is used as an object of the preposition. It is found after a preposition.

Halimbawa: Ayon sa mga magulang ni Ranay, mahal na mahal nila ang anak.

(The noun magulang follows the preposition Ayon sa mga.)

sa sa mga kay kina

para sa para sa mga para kay para kina

tungkol sa tungkol sa mga tungkol kay tungkol kina

ukol sa ukol sa mga ukol kay ukol kina

hinggil sa hinggil sa mga hinggil kay hinggil kina

laban sa laban sa mga laban kay laban kina

labag sa labag sa mga labag kay labag kina

ayon sa ayon sa mga ayon kay ayon kina

alinsunod sa alinsunod sa mga alinsunod kay alinsunod kina

mula sa mula sa mga mula kay mula kina

There you have it. This time, try it out for yourself. Here’s a downloadable PDF, katoto so it can help you in
your practice or learning. Remember! This is free for your personal use – not for commercializing or
profiting. Masayang pag-aaral!

Gamit ng Pangngalan

Gamit ng Pangngalan – Answer Key

Manuel L. Quezon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to navigationJump to search

This article is about the Philippine president. For other uses, see Quezon (disambiguation).

This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Quezon and the second or maternal
family name is Molina.

His Excellency
Manuel L. Quezon
2nd President of the Philippines

In office

November 15, 1935 – August 1, 1944

Vice President Sergio Osmeña, Sr.

Preceded by Re-established

(Last title held by Emilio Aguinaldo) as (President of the

Philippines)

Frank Murphy as (Governor-General of the Philippines)

Succeeded by Sergio Osmeña

José P. Laurel, Sr. (de facto)

1st President of the Senate of the Philippines

In office

August 29, 1916 – November 15, 1935

Preceded by Position established

Succeeded by Manuel Roxas

Senator of the Philippines from the 5th Senatorial District

In office

October 16, 1916 – November 15, 1935

Served with:

Vicente Ilustre (1916–1919)

Antero Soriano (1919–1925)

José P. Laurel (1925–1931)

Claro M. Recto (1931–1935)

Preceded by Position established

Succeeded by Position abolished

Secretary of National Defense

In office

July 16, 1941 – December 10, 1941

President Himself

Preceded by Teofilo Sison

Succeeded by Jorge B. Vargas

Resident Commissioner to the U.S. House of Representatives from

the Philippine Islands

In office

November 23, 1909 – October 15, 1916

Serving with Benito Legarda

(1909–1913)

and Manuel Earnshaw

(1913–1916)

Preceded by Pablo Ocampo

Succeeded by Teodoro R. Yangco

Majority Leader of the Philippine House of Representatives

In office

October 16, 1907 – November 23, 1909

Preceded by Position Established

Succeeded by Alberto Barreto

As Majority Leader of thePhilippine Assembly

Member of the Philippine Assembly from Tayabas' 1st District

In office

October 16, 1907 – October 16, 1916

Preceded by Position established

Succeeded by Filemon Perez

Governor of Tayabas

In office

1906–1907

Personal details

Born Manuel Luís Quezon Molina

August 19, 1878

Baler, El Principe, Captaincy General of the

Philippines

(now Baler, Aurora, Philippines)

Died August 1, 1944 (aged 65)

Saranac Lake, New York, United States

Resting place Quezon Memorial Circle, Quezon City, Philippines

Nationality Filipino

Political party Nacionalista Party

Aurora Aragón
Spouse(s)
(m. 1918; d. 1944)

Relations Manuel L. Quezon III(grandson)

Children Ma. Aurora Quezon

Maria Zeneida Quezon-Avanceña

Manuel L. Quezon, Jr.

Luisa Corazon Paz Quezon

Alma mater Colegio de San Juan de Letran

University of Santo Tomas

Profession Lawyer, soldier, politician

Signature

Military service

Allegiance Philippines

Service/branch Philippine Revolutionary Army

Philippine Commonwealth Army

Years of service 1899–1900

1941–1944

Rank
Major (1899–1900)

Battles/wars Philippine–American War

World War II

* Philippines Campaign (1941–1942)

* Japanese Occupation of the Philippines (1942–

1945)

Manuel L. Quezon (born Manuel Luís Quezon y Molina; August 19, 1878 – August 1, 1944) was
a Filipino statesman, soldier, and politician who served as president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from
1935 to 1944. He was the first Filipino to head a government of the entire Philippines (as opposed to the
government of previous Philippine states), and is considered to have been the second president of the Philippines,
after Emilio Aguinaldo (1899–1901).
During his presidency, Quezon tackled the problem of landless peasants in the countryside. His other major
decisions include the reorganization of the islands' military defense, approval of a recommendation for government
reorganization, the promotion of settlement and development in Mindanao, dealing with the foreign stranglehold on
Philippine trade and commerce, proposals for land reform, and opposing graft and corruption within the government.
He established a government-in-exile in the U.S. with the outbreak of the war and the threat of Japanese invasion.
It was during his exile in the U.S. that he died of tuberculosis at Saranac Lake, New York. He was buried in
the Arlington National Cemetery until the end of World War II, when his remains were moved to Manila. His final
resting place is the Quezon Memorial Circle.
In 2015, the Board of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation approved a posthumously bestowal of the
Wallenberg Medal upon President Quezon and to the people of the Philippines for having reached-out, between
1937 and 1941, to the victims of the Holocaust. President Benigno Aquino III, and then 94-year-old María Zeneida
Quezon Avanceña, who is the daughter of the former President, were duly informed about this recognition.

Contents

 1Early life and careers

 2Congressional career
o 2.1House of Representatives
o 2.2Senate
 3Personal life
 4Presidency
o 4.1First term (1935–1941)
o 4.2Administration and cabinet
 4.2.1Appointments 1935–1941
o 4.3Supreme Court appointments
 4.3.1Government reorganization
 4.3.2Social justice program
 4.3.3Economy
 4.3.4Agrarian reform
 4.3.5Educational reforms
 4.3.6Women's suffrage
 4.3.7National language
 4.3.8Council of State
 4.3.91938 midterm election
 4.3.101939 plebiscite
 4.3.11Third official language
 4.3.121940 plebiscite
 4.3.131941 presidential election
o 4.4Second term (1941–1944)
 4.4.1War Cabinet 1941–1944
 4.4.2Jewish refugees
 4.4.3Government-in-exile
 4.4.4Talks of post-war Philippines
 4.4.5Quezon-Osmeña Impasse
 4.4.6Death
 5Electoral history
 6Ancestry
 7Honors
 8Legacy
 9In popular culture
 10Recording of speech
 11See also
 12References
 13Notes
 14External links

Early life and careers[edit]

Manuel Luis Quezon y Molano

Quezon, was born in Baler in the district of El Príncipe[1] (now Baler, Aurora). His parents were Lucio Quezon (died
1898) and María Dolores Molina (June 7, 1840 – 1893). His father was a primary grade school teacher from Paco,
Manila and a retired Sergeant of the Spanish colonial army, while his mother was a primary grade school teacher in
their hometown.
Although both his parents must have contributed to his education, he received most of his primary education from
the public school established by the Spanish government in his village, as part of the establishment of the free
public education system in the Philippines, as he himself testified during his speech delivered in the House of
Representatives of the United States during the discussion of Jones Bill, in 1914.[2] He later boarded at the Colegio
de San Juan de Letran where he completed secondary school.
In 1899, Quezon left his law studies at the University of Santo Tomas to join the independence movement. During
the Philippine–American War he was an aide-de-camp to Emilio Aguinaldo.[3] He rose to the rank of Major and
fought in the Bataan sector. However, after surrendering in 1900 wherein he made his first break in the American
press,[4] Quezon returned to the university and passed the bar examinations in 1903, achieving fourth place.
He worked for a time as a clerk and surveyor, entering government service as an appointed fiscal (treasurer) for
Mindoro and later Tayabas. He became a councilor and was elected governor of Tayabas in 1906 after a hard-
fought election.

Congressional career[edit]
House of Representatives[edit]
In 1907, he was elected to the first Philippine Assembly – later became the House of Representatives – where he
served as majority floor leader and chairman of the committee on rules as well as the chairman also of the
committee on appropriations. From 1909 to 1916, he served as one of the Philippines' two resident
commissioners to the U.S. House of Representatives, lobbying for the passage of the Philippine Autonomy Act or
Jones Law.
Senate[edit]
Quezon returned to Manila in 1916 to be elected into the Philippine Senate as Senator and later elected by his
peers as Senate President, serving continuously until 1935 (19 years), becoming the longest serving. He headed
the first Independent Mission to the U.S. Congress in 1919 and secured the passage of the Tydings–McDuffie Act in
1934. In 1922, Quezon became the leader of the Nacionalista Party alliance.[5]
Personal life[edit]
Quezon was married to his first cousin, Aurora Aragón Quezon, on December 17, 1918. The couple had four
children: María Aurora "Baby" Quezon (September 23, 1919 – April 28, 1949), María Zeneida "Nini" Quezon-
Avancena (born 1922), Luisa Corazón Paz "Nenita" Quezon (February 17, 1924 – December 14, 1924) and Manuel
L. "Nonong" Quezon, Jr. (June 23, 1926 – September 18, 1998). His adopted grandson, Manuel L. "Manolo"
Quezon III (born May 30, 1970), a prominent writer and current undersecretary of the Presidential Communications
Development and Strategic Planning Office, was named after him.

Presidency[edit]

Presidential styles of
Manuel L. Quezon

Reference style His Excellency[6]

Spoken style Your Excellency

Alternative style Mr. President

First term (1935–1941)[edit]

First inauguration of Philippine Commonwealth President Manuel Quezon at the steps of the Legislative Building in Manila on
November 15, 1935.
Official car of Quezon, a 1937 Chrysler Airflow (restored by Alfred Motorworks & Alfred Nobel R. Peres), at Baler, Aurora[1].

In 1935, Quezon won the Philippines' first national presidential election under the banner of the Nacionalista Party.
He obtained nearly 68% of the vote against his two main rivals, Emilio Aguinaldo and Gregorio Aglipay. Quezon was
inaugurated in November 1935. He is recognized as the second President of the Philippines. However, in January
2008, House Representative Rodolfo Valencia of Oriental Mindoro filed a bill seeking instead to declare
General Miguel Malvar as the second Philippine President, having directly succeeded Aguinaldo in 1901.[7]
Administration and cabinet[edit]
Appointments 1935–1941[edit]

Office Name Term

President Manuel L. Quezon 1935–1941

Vice President Sergio Osmeña 1935–1941

Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce Benigno Aquino 1938–1940

Rafael Alunan, Sr. 1940–1941
Secretary of Public Instruction Sergio Osmeña November 15, 1935 – April 18, 1939
Jorge Bocobo April 19, 1939 – January 22, 1941
Secretary of Finance Elpidio Quirino November 15, 1935 – February 18, 1936
Antonio de las Alas February 18, 1936 – November 15, 1938
Manuel Roxas November 26, 1938 – August 28, 1941
Serafin Marabut August 28, 1941 – December 29, 1941
Secretary of the Interior Elpidio Quirino 1935–1938
Rafael Alunan 1938–1940
Secretary of Justice José Yulo November 15, 1935 – November 1938
José Abad Santos December 5, 1938 – July 16, 1941
Commissioner of Justice Teofilo Sison July 18, 1941 – November 1941
Secretary of Public Works
Mariano Jesús Cuenco
and Communications
Secretary of National Defense Teofilo Sison 1939–1941
Serafin Marabut 1941
Basilio Valdes December 23, 1941
Secretary of Labor José Avelino 1935–1938
Sotero Baluyut 1938–1941
Secretary to the President Jorge B. Vargas 1935–1941
Auditor-General Jaime Hernández 1935–1941
Commissioner of the Budget Serafin Marabut 1935–1941
Commissioner of Civil Service José Gil 1935–1941
Resident Commissioner of the Philippines
Quintín Paredes 1935–1938
to the United States Congress
Joaquín Miguel Elizalde 1938–1941

Supreme Court appointments[edit]

President Quezon was given the power under the reorganization act, to appoint the first all-Filipino Philippines in
1935. From 1901 to 1935, although a Filipino was always appointed chief justice, the majority of the members of the
Supreme Court were Americans. Complete Filipinization was achieved only with the establishment of the
Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935. Claro M. Recto and José P. Laurel were among Quezon's first
appointees to replace the American justices. The membership in the Supreme Court increased to 11: a chief justice
and ten associate justices, who sat en banc or in two divisions of five members each.

 Ramón Avanceña – 1935 (Chief Justice) – 1935–1941

 José Abad Santos – 1935
 Claro M. Recto 1935–1936
 José P. Laurel – 1935
 José Abad Santos (Chief Justice) – 1941–1942
Government reorganization[edit]
To meet the demands of the newly established government set-up and in compliance with the provisions of the
Tydings-McDuffie Act, as well as the requirements of the Constitution, President Quezon, true to his pledge of "More
Government and less politics", initiated a reorganization of the government bodies.[8] To this effect, he established
the Government Survey Board to study the existing institutions and in the light of the changed circumstances, make
the necessary recommendations.[8]
Early results were seen with the revamping of the Executive Department. Offices and bureaus were either merged
with one another or outrightly abolished. Some new ones, however, were created.[8] President Quezon ordered the
transfer of the Philippine Constabulary from the Department of Interior, to the Department of Finance. Among the
changes in the Executive Departments by way of modification in functions or new responsibilities, were those of
the National Defense, Agriculture and Commerce, Public Works and Communications, and Health and Public
Welfare.[8]
In keeping with other exigencies posed by the Constitution, new offices and boards were created either by Executive
Order or by appropriate legislative action.[8] Among these were the Council of National Defense, the Board of
National Relief, the Mindanao and Sulu Commission, and the Civil Service Board of Appeals.[8]
Social justice program[edit]
Pledged to improve the lot of the Philippine working class and seeking the inspiration from the social doctrines
of Pope Leo XIII and Pope Pius XI, aside from the authoritative treatises of the world's leading sociologists,
President Quezon started a vigorous program of social justice, which he traduced into reality through appropriate
executive measures and legislation obtained from the National Assembly.[8]
Thus, a court of Industrial Relations was established to mediate disputes, under certain conditions, minimizing the
inconveniences of the strikes and lockouts. A minimum wage law was enacted, as well as a law providing for an
eight-hour work day and a tenancy law for the Filipino farmers. Another measure was the creation of the position of
Public Defender to help poor litigants in their court suits.[8]
Commonwealth Act No. 20 authorized Quezon to institute expropriation proceedings and/or acquire large landed
estates to re-sell them at nominal cost and under easy terms to tenants thereon, thus enabling them to possess a lot
and a home of their own. It was by virtue of this law that the Buenavista estate was acquired by the Commonwealth
Government. Quezon also launched a cooperative system of agriculture among the owners of the subdivided
estates in order to alleviate their situation and to provide them greater earnings.[8]
In all these, Quezon showed an earnest desire to follow the constitutional mandate on the promotion of social
justice.[8]
Economy[edit]
Upon the creation of the Commonwealth, the economic condition of the nation was stable and promising.[8] With
foreign trade reaching a peak of four hundred million pesos, the upward trend in business was accentuated and
assumed the aspect of a boom. Exports crops were generally good and, with the exception of tobacco, they were all
in high demand in foreign trade markets. Indeed, the value of the Philippine exports reached an all high of
320,896,000 pesos, the highest since 1929.[8]

Manuel Quezon signing documents.

Additionally, government revenues amounted to 76,675,000 pesos in 1936, as compared with the 1935 revenue of
65,000,000 pesos. Even the government companies, with the exception of the Manila Railroad, managed to earn
profits. Gold production increased about 37% and iron nearly 100%, while cement production augmented by some
14%.[8]
Notwithstanding this prosperous situation,[8] the government had to meet certain economic problems besetting the
country. For this purpose, the National Economic Council was created. This body advised the government in
economic and financial questions, including promotion of industries, diversification of crops and enterprises, tariffs,
taxation, and formulation of an economic program in the preparation for the future independent Republic of the
Philippines.[8]
Again, a law reorganized the National Development Company; the National Rice and Corn Company (NARIC) was
created and was given a capital of four million pesos.[8]
Upon the recommendation of the National Economic Council, agricultural colonies were established in the country,
especially in Koronadal, Malig, and other appropriate sites in Mindanao. The government, moreover, offered
facilities of every sort to encourage migration and settlement in those places. The Agricultural and Industrial Bank
was established to aid small farmers with convenient loans on easy terms. Attention was also devoted to soil survey,
as well as to the proper disposition of lands of the public domain. These steps and measures held much promise for
improved economic welfare.[8]
Agrarian reform[edit]
See also: Land reform in the Philippines

When the Commonwealth Government was established, President Quezon implemented the Rice Share Tenancy
Act of 1933.[9] The purpose of this act was to regulate the share-tenancy contracts by establishing minimum
standards.[9] Primarily, the Act provided for better tenant-landlord relationship, a 50–50 sharing of the crop,
regulation of interest to 10% per agricultural year, and a safeguard against arbitrary dismissal by the
landlord.[9] However, because of one major flaw of this law, no petition for the Rice Share Tenancy Act was ever
presented.[9]
The major flaw of this law was that it could be used only when the majority of municipal councils in a province
petitioned for it.[9] Since landowners usually controlled such councils, no province ever asked that the law be applied.
Therefore, Quezon ordered that the act be mandatory in all Central Luzon provinces.[9] However, contracts were
good for only one year. By simply refusing to renew their contract, landlords were able to eject tenants. As a result,
peasant organizations clamored in vain for a law that would make the contract automatically renewable for as long
as the tenants fulfilled their obligations.[9]
In 1936, this Act was amended to get rid of its loophole, but the landlords made its application relative and not
absolute. Consequently, it was never carried out in spite of its good intentions. In fact, by 1939, thousands of
peasants in Central Luzon were being threatened with wholesale eviction.[9]
The desire of Quezon to placate both landlords and tenants pleased neither. By the early 1940s, thousands of
tenants in Central Luzon were ejected from their farmlands and the rural conflict was more acute than ever.[9]
Indeed, during the Commonwealth period, agrarian problems persisted.[9] This motivated the government to
incorporate a cardinal principle on social justice in the 1935 Constitution. Dictated by the social justice program of
the government, expropriation of landed estates and other landholdings commenced. Likewise, the National Land
Settlement Administration (NLSA) began an orderly settlement of public agricultural lands. At the outbreak of the
Second World War, major settlement areas containing more than 65,000 hectares were already established.[9]
Educational reforms[edit]
Turning his attention to the matter of education in the country, President Quezon by virtue of Executive Order No.
19, dated February 19, 1936, created the National Council of Education, with Rafael Palma, former President of
the University of the Philippines, as its first chairman.[8] Funds retained from the early approved Residence
Certificate Law were devoted to the maintenance of the public schools all over the nation and the opening of many
more to meet the needs of the young people. Indeed, by this time there were already 6,511 primary schools; 1,039
intermediate schools; 133 secondary and special schools; and five junior colleges. The total number of pupils
enrolled was 1,262,353, who were placed under the charge of 28,485 schools teachers. That year's appropriation
for public education amounted to 14,566,850 pesos.[8] The private institutions of learning, for their part,
accommodated more than ninety seven thousand students, thus considerably aiding the government in solving the
annual school crisis. To implement the pertinent constitutional provision, the Office of Adult Education was also
created.[8]
Women's suffrage[edit]
President Quezon initiated women's suffrage in the Philippines during the Commonwealth Era.[10] As a result of the
prolonged debate between the proponents of women's suffrage and their opponents, the Constitution finally
provided that the issue be resolved by the women themselves in a plebiscite. If no less than 300,000 of them were
to affirmatively vote in favor of the grant within two years, it would be deemed granted the country's women.
Complying with this mandate, the government ordered a plebiscite to be held for the purpose on April 3, 1937.

Quezon broadcasting to his countrymen in Manila, from Washington, D.C., April 5. For the first 25 minutes on air, Quezon
discussed women's suffrage and urged that the 10-year independence program be limited to a shorter period, 4/5/1937.

Following a rather vigorous campaign, on the day of the plebiscite, the turnout of female voters was impressive. The
affirmative votes numbered 447,725, as against 44,307 who opposed the grant.[10]
National language[edit]
Another constitutional provision to be implemented by President Quezon's administration dealt with the question of
The Philippines' national language. Following a year's study, the Institute of the National Language – established in
1936 – recommended that Tagalog be adopted as the basis for the national language. The proposal was well
received, considering that the Director – the first to be appointed – at the time, Jaime C. de Veyra, was an
ethnic Waray-Visayan.
On December 1937, Quezon issued a proclamation approving the constitution made by the Institute and declaring
that the adoption of the national language would take place two years hence. With the presidential approval, the
Institute of National Language started to work on a grammar and dictionary of the language.[10]
Council of State[edit]
In 1938, President Quezon enlarged the composition of the Council of State through Executive Order No. 44.[10] This
highest of advisory bodies to the President was henceforth to be composed of the President, the Vice-
President, Senate President, House Speaker, Senate President pro tempore, House Speaker pro tempore, Majority
Floor leader of both chambers of Congress, former Presidents of the Philippines, and some three to five prominent
citizens.[10]
1938 midterm election[edit]
Main article: Philippine legislative election, 1938

The Elections for the Second National Assembly were held on November 8, 1938, under a new law that
allowed block voting[11] which favored the governing Nacionalista Party. As expected, all the 98 seats of the National
Assembly went to the Nacionalistas. José Yulo who was Quezon's Secretary of Justice from 1934 to 1938 was
elected Speaker.
The Second National Assembly embarked on passing legislation strengthening the economy. Unfortunately the
cloud of the Second World War loomed over the horizon. Certain laws passed by the First National Assembly were
modified or repealed to meet existing realities.[12] A controversial immigration law that set an annual limit of 50
immigrants per country which[13] affected mostly Chinese and Japanese nationals escaping the Sino-Japanese
War was passed in 1940. Since the law bordered on foreign relations it required the approval of the U.S. President
which was nevertheless obtained. When the result of the 1939 census was published, the National Assembly
updated the apportionment of legislative districts, which became the basis for the 1941 elections.
1939 plebiscite[edit]
On August 7, 1939, the United States Congress enacted a law embodying the recommendations submitted by the
Joint Preparatory Commission on Philippine Affairs. Because the new law required an amendment of the Ordinance
appended to the Constitution, a plebiscite was held on August 24, 1939. The amendment was carried by 1,339,453
votes against 49,633.[10]
Third official language[edit]

C.A. Dewitt and Manuel Quezon

Quezon established the Institute of National Language (INL) to create a national language for the country. On
December 30, 1937, President Quezon, through Executive order No. 134, officially declared Tagalog as the basis of
the national language of the Philippines. The national language was compulsorily taught in schools for the 1940-
1941 academic year. The National Assembly later enacted Law No. 570 raising the national language elaborated by
the institute to the status of official language of the Philippines, at par with English and Spanish, effective July 4,
1946, upon the establishment of the Philippine Republic.[10]
1940 plebiscite[edit]
Main article: Philippine constitutional plebiscites, 1940

Coincident with the local elections for the 1940, another plebiscite was held this time to ratify the proposed
amendments to the Constitution regarding the restoration of the bicameral legislature, the presidential term, which
was to be fixed at four years with one re-election; and the establishment of an independent Commission on
Elections. With the Nacionalista Party, which had proposed said amendment in their convention, working hard under
the leadership of its party president, Speaker Jose Yulo, the amendments were overwhelmingly ratified by the
electorate. Speaker Yulo and Assemblyman Dominador Tan traveled to the United States to obtain
President Franklin D. Roosevelt's approval, which was given on December 2, 1940. Two days later President
Quezon proclaimed the amendments.
1941 presidential election[edit]
Main article: Philippine presidential election, 1941

Quezon had originally been barred by the Philippine constitution from seeking re-election. However, in 1940,
constitutional amendments were ratified allowing him to seek re-election for a fresh term ending in 1943. In the 1941
presidential elections, Quezon was re-elected over former Senator Juan Sumulong with nearly 82% of the vote.
Second term (1941–1944)[edit]
War Cabinet 1941–1944[edit]
The outbreak of World War II and the Japanese invasion resulted in periodic and drastic changes to the government
structure. Executive Order 390, December 22, 1941 abolished the Department of the Interior and established a new
line of succession. Executive Order 396, December 24, 1941 further reorganized and grouped the cabinet, with the
functions of Secretary of Justice assigned to the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines.
Office Name Term

President Manuel L. Quezon 1941–1944 (extended, 1943)

Vice President Sergio Osmeña 1941–1944 (extended, 1943)

Secretary of Finance José Abad Santos December 30, 1941 – March 26, 1942

Secretary of Justice José Abad Santos March 26, 1942– May 2, 1942

Secretary of Finance, Agriculture, and Commerce Andrés Soriano March 26, 1942 – July 31, 1944

Secretary of National Defense, Public Works,

Basilio Valdes December 23, 1941 – August 1, 1944
Communications and Labor

Secretary of Public Instruction, Health, and Public

Sergio Osmeña December 24, 1941 – August 1, 1944
Welfare

Secretary to the President Manuel Roxas December 24, 1941– March 26, 1942

Arturo Rotor June 13, 1942– August 1, 1944

Secretary to the Cabinet Manuel Nieto May 19, 1944 – August 1, 1944

Secretary without Portfolio Andrés Soriano March 2–26, 1942

Treasurer of the Philippines Andrés Soriano February 19, 1942 – March 26, 1942

Manuel Roxas March 26, 1942 – May 8, 1942

Auditor-General Jaime Hernández December 30, 1941 – August 1, 1944

Resident Commissioner of the Philippines to the Joaquín Miguel December 30, 1941 – August 1, 1944 (given
United States Congress Elizalde cabinet rank, May, 1942)

Secretary of Information and Public Relations Carlos P. Rómulo 1943–1944

Sources:
The Sixth Annual Report of the United States High Commission to the Philippine Island to the President and
Congress of the United States, Covering the Fiscal Year July 1, 1941 to June 30, 1942 Washington D.C. October
20, 1942
Executive Orders of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, Manila, Bureau of Printing 1945
Jewish refugees[edit]
In a notable humanitarian act, Quezon, in cooperation with United States High Commissioner Paul V. McNutt,
facilitated the entry into the Philippines of Jewish refugees fleeing fascist regimes in Europe. Quezon was also
instrumental in promoting a project to resettle the refugees in Mindanao while taking on critics who were convinced
by fascist propaganda that Jewish settlement is a threat to the country.[14]
Government-in-exile[edit]
President Quezon, with some of his family members, are welcomed in Washington, D.C. by President Roosevelt.

After the Japanese invasion of the Philippines during World War II,[15] he evacuated to Corregidor, where he was
formally inaugurated for his second term, then the Visayas and Mindanao, and upon the invitation of the US
government,[16] was further evacuated to Australia and then to the United States, where he established the
Commonwealth government in exile with headquarters in Washington, D.C.. There, he served as a member of
the Pacific War Council, signed the declaration of the United Nations against the Axis Powers, and wrote his
autobiography, The Good Fight.[10]
To carry on the government duties in exile, President Quezon hired the entire floor of one of the wing of
the Shoreham Hotel to accommodate his family and his office. On the other hand, the offices of the government
were established at the quarters of the Philippine Resident Commissioner, Joaquin Elizalde. The latter was made a
member of President's wartime Cabinet. Others likewise appointed were Brigadier-General Carlos P. Romulo, as
Secretary of the Department of Information and Public Relations, and Jaime Hernandez as Auditor General.[10]
On June 2, 1942, President Quezon addressed the United States House of Representatives, impressing upon them
the vital necessity of relieving the Philippine front. Before the Senate, later, the Philippine President reiterated the
same message and urged the senators to adopt the slogan "Remember Bataan". Despite his precarious state of
health, President Quezon roamed the States to deliver timely and rousing speeches calculated to keep the
Philippine war uppermost in the minds of the American nation.[10]
Talks of post-war Philippines[edit]
Washington, D.C. Representatives of 26 United Nations at Flag day ceremonies in the White House to reaffirm their pact.
Seated, left to right: Francisco Castillo Najera, Ambassador of Mexico; President Roosevelt; Manuel Quezon, President of the
Philippine Islands; and Secretary of State Cordell Hull.

On the occasion of his first birthday celebration in the United States, Manuel Quezon broadcast a radio message to
the Philippine residents in Hawaii, who contributed to the celebration by purchasing four million pesos worth of
World War II bonds.[10] Further showing the Philippine government's cooperation with the war effort, Quezon officially
offered the U.S. Army a Philippine infantry regiment, which was authorized by the U.S. Department of War to train in
California. He also had the Philippine government acquire Elizalde's yacht, which, renamed Bataanand totally
manned by the Philippine officers and crew, was donated to the United States for use in the war.[10]
Early in November 1942, Quezon held conferences with President Roosevelt to work out a plan for the creation of a
joint commission to study the economic conditions of post-war Philippines. Eighteen months later, the United States
Congress would pass an Act creating the Philippine Rehabilitation Commission as an outcome of such talks
between the two Presidents.[10]
Quezon-Osmeña Impasse[edit]
By 1943, the Philippine Government-in-exile was faced with a serious crisis.[10] According to the 1935 Constitution,
the official term of President Quezon was to expire on December 30, 1943 and Vice-President Sergio
Osmeña would automatically succeed him in the Presidency. This eventuality was brought to the attention of
President Quezon by Osmeña himself, who wrote the former to this effect. Aside from replying to this letter informing
Vice-President Osmeña that it would not be wise and prudent to effect any such change under the circumstances,
President Quezon issued a press release along the same line. Osmeña then requested the opinion of U.S. Attorney
GeneralHomer Cummings, who upheld Osmeña's view as more in keeping with the law. Quezon, however,
remained adamant. He accordingly sought President Roosevelt's decision. The latter choose to remain aloof from
the controversy, suggesting instead that the Philippine officials themselves solve the impasse.[10]
A cabinet meeting was then convened by President Quezon. Aside from Quezon and Osmeña, others present in
this momentous meeting were the resident Commissioner Joaquin Elizalde, Brig. Gen. Carlos P. Romulo, and his
cabinet secretaries, Andres Soriano and Jaime Hernandez. Following a spirited discussion, the Cabinet supported
Elizalde's opinion favoring the decision, and announced his plan to retire in California.[10]
After the meeting, however, Vice-President Osmeña approached the President and broached his plan to ask the
American Congress to suspend the constitutional provisions for presidential succession until after the Philippines
should have been liberated. This legal way out was agreeable to President Quezon and the members of his
Cabinet. Proper steps were taken to carry out the proposal. Sponsored by Senator Tydings and Congressman Bell,
the pertinent Resolution was unanimously approved by the Senate on a voice vote and passed the House of
Representatives by a vote of 181 to 107 on November 10, 1943.[10]
Death[edit]
Quezon suffered from tuberculosis and spent his last years in hospitals, such as at a Miami Beach Army hospital in
April, 1944.[17] That summer, he was at a "cure cottage" in Saranac Lake, New York, where he died on August 1,
1944. He was initially buried in Arlington National Cemetery. His body was later carried by the USS Princeton and
re-interred in Manila at the Manila North Cemetery on July 17, 1946 before being moved to Quezon City within the
monument at the Quezon Memorial Circle on August 19, 1979.[18]

AMA NG WIKANG PAMBANSA

Manuel Luis Quezon

Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina, ikalawang Pangulo ng Republika ng Pilipinas (15 Nobyembre 1935 – 1 Agosto 1944)
at unang Pangulo ng Commonwealth. Isinilang noong ika-19 ng Agosto 1878, sa Baler, sa lalawigan ng Tayabas
(tinatawag na ngayong Aurora) noong 19 Agosto 1878.
Ang kanyang mga magulang ay mga Espanyol na sina Lucio Quezón at María Dolores Molina. Ang kanyang Ama
ay isang guro ng panimulang baitang mula sa Paco, Maynila at isang retiradong sarhento ng hukbong Espanyol
samantalang ang kanyang Ina ay isang guro ng panimulang baitang sa kanilang bayan.

Sa kanyang unang termino bilang Pangulo, nakipagtulungan si Quezon kay High Commissioner Paul V. McNutt ng
Estados Unidos upang mapadali ang pagpasok sa Pilipinas ng mga Hudyong tumatakas sa mga rehimeng pasista
sa Europa. Isinulong din ni Quezon ang isang proyekto upang makapanirahan sa Mindanao ang mga takas na
Hudyo.

Noong 1935, ang dating Chief of Staἀ ng Estados Unidos na si Heneral Douglas MacArthur, na matagal nang
kakilala ni Quezon ay bumalik sa Pilipinas bilang tagapayo ng Commonwealth tungkol sa sandatahan. Naatasan si
MacArthur upang bumalangkas ng isang National Defense Plan at upang itatag at sanayin ang Hukbong
Sandatahan ng Pilipinas. Nang magretiro si MacArthur sa Sandatahan ng Estados Unidos noong 1937, kaagad na
inalok siya ni Quezon ng isang posisyon bilang Field Marshal.

Noong 1936, inilabas ni Quezon ang E.O. No. 23, na naglalaman ng teknikal na paglalarawan at detalyadong
espisipikasyon ng watawat ng Pilipinas.

Pagdating ng Enero 1937, itinayo ni Quezon ang Surian ng Wikang Pambansa, na naglalayong lumikha ng isang
pangkalahatang pambansang wika para sa mga Pilipino. Noong Nobyembre 1937, inirekomenda ng Surian na
gawing pambansang wika ang Tagalog, kung kaya noong ika-30 ng Disyembre 1939 ay idineklara ni Quezon na
Tagalog ang magiging pambansang wika ng Pilipinas. Noong Hunyo 1940 naman, iniutos niyang ituro ang
pambansang wika bilang isa sa mga asignatura sa mga paaralan.

Masigasig na isinusulong ni Quezon ang panlipunang katarungan o social justice, kung kaya minsan ay kanyang
winika: “Higit na makatutulong ang panlipunang katarungan kapag ang ginamit na batayan ay ang damdamin at
pang-unawa at hindi ang batas.” Noong 1937, nilagdaan ni Quezon ang kauna-unahang batas para sa minimum
wage sa Pilipinas. Noong taon ding iyon, unang bumoto ang kababaihang Pilipino sa isang plebisito tungkol sa
karapatan ng mga babaeng bumoto o ang tinatawag na women’s suffrage.
Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig at ang Pamahalaang Desterado

Noong ika-8 ng Disyembre 1941, bago pa lamang naihalal si Quezon sa kanyang ikalawang termino bilang Pangulo
nang inatake ng bansang Hapon ang Pearl Harbor sa Hawaii. Sumunod ang pag-atake sa iba’t-ibang base militar
ng Estados Unidos sa Pilipinas. Nang salakayin ng mga Hapones ang Pilipinas, lumikas si Quezon sa Corregidor,
kung saan siya ay muling nanumpa bilang Pangulo noong ika-30 ng Disyembre 1941, sa harap ng Malinta
Tunnel. Nang sumunod na buwan, napilitan si Quezon na lumikas ng Corregidor papuntang Visayas lulan ng isang
submarino, at mula roon ay sa papuntang Mindanao. Alinsunod sa imbitasyon ng gobyerno ng Estados Unidos,
inilikas siya papuntang Australia at kalaunan sa Estados Unidos, kung saan niya itinayo ang Pamahalaang
Desterado (Government in Exile) ng Commonwealth ng Pilipinas, na ang punong tanggapan ay nasa Washington,
D.C. Doon, naglingkod siya bilang miyembro ng PaciḀc War Council at isinulat niya ang sariling talambuhay, ang
“The Good Fight” o “Ang Mabuting Pakikipaglaban,” na inilathala noong 1946.

Ika-14 ng Hunyo 1942, sa White House sa Washington D.C., nang lagdaan ni Quezon ang United Nations
Declaration sa ngalan ng Pilipinas. Ito ang kauna-unahang pagkakataon na ang watawat ng Pilipinas ay itinaas
kasama ang watawat ng ibang bansa, at bagamat isa lamang Commonwealth, kinilala na ng ibang bansa sa pag-
asang makakamtan din nito ang ganap na kasarinlan.

Linggo at Buwan ng Wika

Noong ika-23 ng Setyembre 1955, idineklara ni Pangulong Ramon Magsaysay ang ika-13 hanggang ika-19 ng
Agosto kada taon bilang Linggo ng Wika. Ang selebrasyon nito ay palaging nagtatapos sa kaarawan ni Quezon,
ang taong unang nagsulong ng paglikha ng isang pambansang wika.

Noong ika-15 ng Enero 1997, idineklara naman ni Pangulong Fidel V. Ramos ang buong buwan ng Agosto bilang
Buwan ng Wika. KMC