Stainless Steel - Grade 304 [Link]

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February 8, 2013

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Stainless Steel - Grade 304

Chemical Formula

Fe, <0.08% C, 17.5-20% Cr, 8-11% Ni, <2% Mn, <1% Si, <0.045% P, <0.03% S

Topics Covered
Background
Key Properties
Composition
Mechanical Properties
Physical Properties
Grade Specification Comparison
Possible Alternative Grades
Corrosion Resistance
Heat Resistance
Heat Treatment
Welding
Machining
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Background
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Grade 304 is the standard "18/8" stainless; it is the most versatile and most widely used
stainless steel, available in a wider range of products, forms and finishes than any other. It
has excellent forming and welding characteristics. The balanced austenitic structure of
Grade 304 enables it to be severely deep drawn without intermediate annealing, which has
made this grade dominant in the manufacture of drawn stainless parts such as sinks,
hollow-ware and saucepans. For these applications it is common to use special "304DDQ"
(Deep Drawing Quality) variants. Grade 304 is readily brake or roll formed into a variety of
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components for applications in the industrial, architectural, and transportation fields. Grade
304 also has outstanding welding characteristics. Post-weld annealing is not required when
welding thin sections.
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Grade 304L, the low carbon version of 304, does not require post-weld annealing and so is
extensively used in heavy gauge components (over about 6mm). Grade 304H with its
higher carbon content finds application at elevated temperatures. The austenitic structure
also gives these grades excellent toughness, even down to cryogenic temperatures.

Key Properties

Site Sponsors These properties are specified for flat rolled product (plate, sheet and coil) in ASTM
A240/A240M. Similar but not necessarily identical properties are specified for other
products such as pipe and bar in their respective specifications.

Composition

Typical compositional ranges for grade 304 stainless steels are given in table 1.

Table 1. Composition ranges for 304 grade stainless steel

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Stainless Steel - Grade 304 [Link]

Grade C Mn Si P S Cr Mo Ni N

min. - - - - - 18.0 8.0 -

304 -
max. 0.08 2.0 0.75 0.045 0.030 20.0 10.5 0.10

min. - - - - - 18.0 8.0 -

304L -
max. 0.030 2.0 0.75 0.045 0.030 20.0 12.0 0.10

min. 0.04 - - - 18.0 8.0

304H -0.045 - -
max. 0.10 2.0 0.75 0.030 20.0 10.5

Mechanical Properties

Typical mechanical properties for grade 304 stainless steels are given in table 2.

Table 2. Mechanical properties of 304 grade stainless steel

Hardness
Tensile Yield Strength
Elongation (% in
Grade Strength (MPa) 0.2% Proof
50mm) min Rockwell B Brinell (HB)
min (MPa) min
(HR B) max max

304 515 205 40 92 201

304L 485 170 40 92 201

304H 515 205 40 92 201

304H also has a requirement for a grain size of ASTM No 7 or coarser.

Physical Properties

Typical physical properties for annealed grade 304 stainless steels are given in table 3.

Table 3. Physical properties of 304 grade stainless steel in the annealed condition

Mean Coefficient of Thermal Thermal Conductivity Specific

Elastic Expansion (mm/m/°C) (W/m.K) Electrical
Density Heat
Grade Modulus Resistivity
(kg/m3) 0-100°C
(GPa) (nW.m)
0-100°C 0-315°C 0-538°C at 100°C at 500°C (J/kg.K)

304/L/H 8000 193 17.2 17.8 18.4 16.2 21.5 500 720

Grade Specification Comparison

Approximate grade comparisons for 304 stainless steels are given in table 4.

Table 4. Grade specifications for 304 grade stainless steel

Old British Euronorm

Swedish Japanese
Grade UNS No
SS JIS
BS En No Name

304 S30400 304S31 58E 1.4301 X5CrNi18-10 2332 SUS 304

304L S30403 304S11 - 1.4306 X2CrNi19-11 2352 SUS 304L

304H S30409 304S51 - 1.4948 X6CrNi18-11 - -

These comparisons are approximate only. The list is intended as a comparison of funct ionally similar materials
not as a schedule of contractual equivalents. If exact equivalents are needed original s pecifications must be
consulted.

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Stainless Steel - Grade 304 [Link]

Possible Alternative Grades

Possible alternative grades to grade 304 stainless steels are given in table 5.

Table 5. Possible alternative grades to 304 grade stainless steel

Grade Why it might be chosen instead of 304

301L A higher work hardening rate grade is required for certain roll formed or stretch formed components.

302HQ Lower work hardening rate is needed for cold forging of screws, bolts and rivets.

Higher machinability needed, and the lower corrosion resistance, formability and weldability are
303
acceptable.

316 Higher resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion is required, in chloride environme nts

321 Better resistance to temperatures of around 600-900°C is needed…321 has higher hot st rength.

A lower cost is required, and the reduced corrosion resistance and resulting discolouration are
3CR12
acceptable.

A lower cost is required, and the reduced corrosion resistance and fabrication characteristics are
430
acceptable.

Corrosion Resistance

Excellent in a wide range of atmospheric environments and many corrosive media. Subject
to pitting and crevice corrosion in warm chloride environments, and to stress corrosion
cracking above about 60°C. Considered resistant to potable water with up to about 200mg/L
chlorides at ambient temperatures, reducing to about 150mg/L at 60°C.

Heat Resistance

Good oxidation resistance in intermittent service to 870°C and in continuous service to

925°C. Continuous use of 304 in the 425-860°C range is not recommended if subsequent
aqueous corrosion resistance is important. Grade 304L is more resistant to carbide
precipitation and can be heated into the above temperature range.

Grade 304H has higher strength at elevated temperatures so is often used for structural
and pressure-containing applications at temperatures above about 500°C and up to about
800°C. 304H will become sensitised in the temperature range of 425-860°C; this is not a
problem for high temperature applications, but will result in reduced aqueous corrosion
resistance.

Heat Treatment

Solution Treatment (Annealing) - Heat to 1010-1120°C and cool rapidly. These grades
cannot be hardened by thermal treatment.

Welding

Excellent weldability by all standard fusion methods, both with and without filler metals. AS
1554.6 pre-qualifies welding of 304 with Grade 308 and 304L with 308L rods or electrodes
(and with their high silicon equivalents). Heavy welded sections in Grade 304 may require
post-weld annealing for maximum corrosion resistance. This is not required for Grade 304L.
Grade 321 may also be used as an alternative to 304 if heavy section welding is required
and post-weld heat treatment is not possible.

Machining

A "Ugima" improved machinability version of grade 304 is available in bar products. "Ugima"
machines significantly better than standard 304 or 304L, giving higher machining rates and
lower tool wear in many operations.

Dual Certification

It is common for 304 and 304L to be stocked in "Dual Certified" form, particularly in plate
and pipe. These items have chemical and mechanical properties complying with both 304
and 304L specifications. Such dual certified product does not meet 304H specifications and
may be unacceptable for high temperature applications.

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Stainless Steel - Grade 304 [Link]

Applications

Typical applications include:

• Food processing equipment, particularly in beer brewing, milk processing & wine
making.

• Kitchen benches, sinks, troughs, equipment and appliances

• Architectural panelling, railings & trim

• Chemical containers, including for transport

• Heat Exchangers

• Woven or welded screens for mining, quarrying & water filtration

• Threaded fasteners

• Springs

Source: Atlas Steels Australia

For more information on this source please visit Atlas Steels Australia

Date Added: Oct 23, 2001 | Updated: May 4, 2011

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