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    RRL of ABO Blood Group

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    Jennifer Heredia
    This document discusses the association between ABO blood group and pre-eclampsia. It summarizes that several studies have found the O blood type seems to have a protective effect against developing pre-eclampsia compared to non-O blood types. Non-O blood types are associated with higher levels of von Willebrand factor and factor VIII, which are associated with hypercoagulability and increased risk of pre-eclampsia. While the exact mechanism is unknown, a pro-thrombotic state may help explain the link between blood type and increased pre-eclampsia risk.

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    RRL of ABO Blood Group

    Uploaded by

    Jennifer Heredia
    103 views2 pages
    This document discusses the association between ABO blood group and pre-eclampsia. It summarizes that several studies have found the O blood type seems to have a protective effect against developing pre-eclampsia compared to non-O blood types. Non-O blood types are associated with higher levels of von Willebrand factor and factor VIII, which are associated with hypercoagulability and increased risk of pre-eclampsia. While the exact mechanism is unknown, a pro-thrombotic state may help explain the link between blood type and increased pre-eclampsia risk.

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    RRL of ABO blood group and Preeclampsia as Complication

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    RRL of ABO blood group

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    This document discusses the association between ABO blood group and pre-eclampsia. It summarizes that several studies have found the O blood type seems to have a protective effect against developing pre-eclampsia compared to non-O blood types. Non-O blood types are associated with higher levels of von Willebrand factor and factor VIII, which are associated with hypercoagulability and increased risk of pre-eclampsia. While the exact mechanism is unknown, a pro-thrombotic state may help explain the link between blood type and increased pre-eclampsia risk.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    103 views2 pages

    RRL of ABO Blood Group

    Uploaded by

    Jennifer Heredia
    This document discusses the association between ABO blood group and pre-eclampsia. It summarizes that several studies have found the O blood type seems to have a protective effect against developing pre-eclampsia compared to non-O blood types. Non-O blood types are associated with higher levels of von Willebrand factor and factor VIII, which are associated with hypercoagulability and increased risk of pre-eclampsia. While the exact mechanism is unknown, a pro-thrombotic state may help explain the link between blood type and increased pre-eclampsia risk.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    ABO Blood Group and Pre-eclampsia

    Other than being present at the surface of red blood cells, the antigens of the ABO blood group system
    are efficiently expressed by a variety of human cells and tissues. Several studies recently described the
    involvement of the ABO blood group in the pathogenesis of many human disorders, including
    cardiovascular, infectious, and neoplastic disorders. (6)
    Correlation of the non-O blood type showed increased circulating levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF),
    factor VIII (FVIII), cholesterol, and several inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha,
    soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, E-selectin, P-selectin and interleukin-6. These have been
    suggested as the most likely mechanisms for explaining the association between ABO blood group and
    arterial or venous thrombosis. (4 & 5)
    Several studies have also investigated the association between maternal ABO blood type and pregnancy
    complications, including pre-eclampsia and related disorders such as eclampsia, hemolysis, elevated
    liver enzyme, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome, intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR), venous
    thromboembolism (VTE), post-partum hemorrhage, and gestational diabetes. (7)
    Pre-eclampsia, defined as hypertension (90 mmHg) accompanied by proteinuria (300 mg/24 hours)
    after 20 weeks of gestational age (3), is one of the leading causes of maternal (1) and fetal (2) morbidity
    and mortality, since it can progress to eclampsia (characterized by the occurrence of convulsions),
    HELLP syndrome, and may be associated with fibrin deposition in the placental microcirculation and
    consequent IUGR (defined as neonatal birth weight below the 10th percentile). (7)
    A systematic review by (7) of related literature published in the past 50 years revealed that the O blood
    type exert some protective effects against the development of pre-eclampsia compared with non-O blood
    type. While non-O blood groups are well recognized risk factors for thrombosis due to the higher levels
    of VWF and FVIII compared to those with O blood type, a number of studies identified a causative role
    of hypercoagulability in the risk and severity of pre-eclampsia (8). It is recently that severe pregnancy
    complications such as severe preeclampsia intrauterine growth retardation abruptio placentae and
    stillbirth has been shown to be associated with thrombophilia (9). Although the definitive pathogenic
    mechanism is still unknown, the existence of a pro-thrombotic state may be regarded as the most
    plausible factor linking pre-eclampsia with ABO blood types (7). Indeed, several investigators have
    consistently reported that VWF and/or FVIII levels are increased in pre-eclamptic women compared to
    those in women with healthy pregnancies (10-13).
    Notably, reduced levels of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif,
    member 13 (ADAMTS13), an enzyme responsible for cleavage and clearance of ultra large VWF
    (ULVWF) from the circulation, have also been reported in patients with pre-eclampsia or HELLP
    syndrome in some studies (14-16). The resulting increased levels of ULVWF may trigger platelet
    aggregation, thus causing diffuse occlusion of placental arterioles, a key event in the pathogenesis of
    pre-eclampsia and related disorders (17).

    1. World Health Organization. World Health Report: Make Every Mother, and Child Count. Geneva:
    WHO; 2005.
    2. Altman D, Carroli G, Duley L, Farrell B, Moodley J, Neilson J, et al. Do women with pre-eclampsia,
    and their babies, benefit from magnesium sulphate? The Magpie Trial: a randomised placebo-
    controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;359(9321):187790. doi:S0140673602087780 [pii] [PubMed]
    3. Pregnancy WGoHBPi. Report of the national high blood pressure education program working
    group on high blood pressure in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;183:S122. [PubMed]
    4. Jenkins PV, ODonnell JS. ABO blood group determines plasma von Willebrand factor levels: a
    biologic function after all? Transfusion. 2006;46:183644. [PubMed]
    5. 10. Chen Y, Chen C, Ke X, et al. Analysis of circulating cholesterol levels as a mediator of an
    association between ABO blood group and coronary heart disease. Circ Cardiovasc
    Genet. 2014;7:438. [PubMed]
    6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4295232/
    7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5016304/
    8. Robertson L, Wu O, Langhorne P, et al. Thrombosis: Risk and Economic Assessment of
    Thrombophilia Screening (TREATS) study. Thrombophilia in pregnancy: a systematic review. Br
    J Haematol. 2006;132:17196. [PubMed]
    9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC305329/
    10. Thornton CA, Bonnar J. Factor VIII-related antigen and factor VIII coagulant activity in normal
    and pre-eclamptic pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1977;84:91923. [PubMed]
    11. Pekonen F, Rasi V, Ammala M, et al. Platelet function and coagulation in normal and pre-
    eclamptic pregnancy. Thromb Res. 1986;43:55360. [PubMed]
    12. Dunlop W, Hill L, Landon M, et al. Clinical relevance of coagulation and renal changes in pre-
    eclampsia. Lancet. 1978;2:3469. [PubMed]
    13. Fournie A, Monrizies M, Pontonnier G, et al. Factor VIII complex in normal pregnancy, pre-
    eclampsia and fetal growth retardation. BJOG. 1981;88:2504. [PubMed]
    14. Lattuada A, Rossi E, Calzarossa C, et al. Mild to moderate reduction of a von Willebrand factor
    cleaving protease (ADAMTS-13) in pregnant women with HELLP microangiopathic
    syndrome. Haematologica. 2003;88:102934. [PubMed]
    15. Hulstein JJ, van Runnard Heimel PJ, Franx A, et al. Acute activation of the endothelium results
    in increased levels of active von Willebrand factor in hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low
    platelets (HELLP) syndrome. J Thromb Haemost. 2006;4:256975. [PubMed]
    16. Alpoim PN, Gomes KB, Godoi LC, et al. ADAMTS13, FVIII, von Willebrand factor, ABO blood
    group assessment in preeclampsia. Clin Chim Acta. 2011;412:21626. [PubMed]
    17. Naljayan MV, Karumanchi SA. New developments in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Adv
    Chronic Kidney Dis. 2013;20:26570. [PMC free article] [PubMed]

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