A Special Report on the National

Emergency in the United States of America

From Data On The Web and Archives,

and the work of Dr. Eugene Schroder, et al, 1979 to present.

United States Congressional Record March 17, 1993 Vol. #33, page H-1303 Speaker-
Representative James Traficant, Jr. (Ohio) addressing the House:

"Mr. Speaker, we are here now in chapter 11. Members of Congress are official trustees
presiding over the greatest reorganization of any Bankrupt entity in world history, the U.S.
Government. We are setting forth hopefully, a blueprint for our future. There are some
who say it is a coroner's report that will lead to our demise."

United States Congressional Record May 4, 1992, page H 2891, Congressman and Chairman of
the House of Representatives Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs (101st through
103rd Congresses), Representative Henry Gonzalez (Texas) speaking on "NATIONAL AND
INTERNATIONAL THIEVERY IN HIGH PLACES" (See Record Entry):

"We are bankrupted. We are insolvent on every level of our national life, whether it is
corporate, whether it is just plain you and I out there with the life of debt that we have all
piled up, private debt, credit cards and what not, or whether it is the government. We are
insolvent. How long will it take before that nasty mega-truth is conveyed?"

The remarks by Representative Gonzalez at http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?

r102:H04MY2-37: are utterly damning.

United States Congressional Record January 19, 1976, page 240, Representative Marjorie S. Holt
(Maryland):

"Mr. Speaker, many of us recently received a letter from the World Affairs Council of
Philadelphia, inviting members of Congress to participate in a ceremonial signing of "A
Declaration of Interdependence" on January 30 in Congress Hall, adjacent to Independence Hall
in Philadelphia.

A number of Members of Congress have been invited to sign this document, lending their
prestige to its theme, but I want the record to show my strong opposition to this declaration.
It calls for the surrender of our national sovereignty to international organizations. It declares
that our economy should be regulated by international authorities. It proposes that we enter a
"New World Order" that would redistribute the wealth created by the American people.

Mr. Speaker, this is an obscenity that defiles our Declaration of Independence, signed 200 years
ago in Philadelphia. We fought a great Revolution for independence and individual liberty, but
now it is proposed that we participate in a world socialist order.

Are we a proud and free people, or are we a carcass to be picked by the jackals of the world, who
want to destroy us? When one cuts through the high-flown rhetoric of this "Declaration of
Interdependence," one finds key phrases that tell the story.

For example, it states that 'The economy of all nations is a seamless web, and that no one
nation can any longer effectively maintain its processes of production and monetary
systems without recognizing the necessity for collaborative regulation by international
authorities.' How do you like the idea of "international authorities" controlling our
production and our monetary system, Mr. Speaker?

How could any American dedicated to our national independence and freedom tolerate
such an idea? . . . America should never subject her fate to decisions by such an assembly,
unless we long for national suicide. Instead, let us have independence and freedom . . . If we
surrender our independence to a "new world order" . . . we will be betraying our historic ideals of
freedom and self-government. Freedom and self-government are not outdated. The fathers of
our Republic fought a revolution for those ideals, which are as valid today as they ever were.
Let us not betray freedom by embracing slave masters; let us not betray self-government with
world government; let us celebrate Jefferson and Madison, not Marx and Lenin."

A word from the Editor:

We must give a special thanks to all the men and women who have spent years of their lives
bringing this information to the public; and we must not forget those who are not always in the
foreground but without whose undying support and endurance this effort would not be possible.
These men and women are true Patriots; they not only need your support but deserve it. Let us
remember that the word Patriot as defined by Webster's Dictionary as "fellow countryman; a
person who loves and loyally or zealously supports his own country." Not everyone can
afford to give the long hours of those on the front lines; many others fear their government. But
there have been many who have mutually pledged to each other their Lives, their Fortunes and
their sacred Honor, who have given their ALL! Study the Declaration of Independence!!

It is an outrage that the actions of our own government leaders cause many to not trust
them! - "By Their Fruits Shall They Be Known."
What have We the People allowed to happen? Who is running America? Are We, the People,
going to continue to be slaves? How much is Our freedom worth? Where are WE going to Draw
the Bottom Line? It is Our Choice!

"They that can give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety, deserve
neither liberty or safety." - Benjamin Franklin

If ye love wealth better than liberty, the tranquility of servitude better than the animating
contest of freedom, go home from us in peace. We ask not your counsels or arms. Crouch
down and lick the hands which feed you. May your chains set lightly upon you, and may
posterity forget that ye were our countrymen." - Samuel Adams, speech at the Philadelphia
State House on August 1, 1776.

To be able to call oneself "American" has long been a source of pride for those fortunate enough
to live in this great land. The word "America" has always been synonymous with strength in the
defense of our highest ideals of liberty, justice and opportunity, not only for ourselves, but also
for those throughout the world less fortunate than we.

America's greatest strength has always been her people, individuals laying their differences aside
to work in partnership to achieve common goals. In our greatest moments, it has been our
willingness to join together and work as long and as hard as it takes to get the job done,
regardless of the cost. That has been the lifeblood of our great land.

From America's inception, we have been a nation of innovators unfettered by hidebound

convention, a safe harbor for captains unafraid to boldly chart a new course through untried
waters. This courage to dare greatly to achieve great things has made our nation strong and
proud, a leader of men and of nations from the very first days of her birth. And since the days of
her birth, millions of men and women whose hearts yearn for freedom and the opportunity to
make a better life for themselves and their families have journeyed, often enduring terrible
hardship, to our shores to add their skills and their dreams to the great storehouse of hope known
as America.

The Pilgrims, the Founding Fathers, the Pioneers - the brave men and women who have fought
and endured to the end in wars both civil and international - this history of heroism and
dedication in defense of ideals both personal and national has long been a treasured legacy of
bravery and determination against all odds which we have handed down like family heirlooms
from generation to generation.

For we are like family, we Americans, often quarreling among ourselves but banding together in
times of adversity to support one another and fight side by side against a common foe threatening
our way of life. This bold and brash, brave young land has long given its best and brightest to
lead our country to its lofty position in the world as a bastion of freedom and a beacon of hope
for all the peoples of the Earth.

For many, the dreams they had for America were dreams they never lived to see fulfilled, but it
mattered not to them, for their vision for this nation was meant to last longer and to loom larger
than a mere mortal life span. Our national vision of integrity and responsibility, of concern for
one's fellow man, the flame inside that demands of us that we shall not rest until there is peace
and justice for all - these are the fundamental stones which form the strong foundation of our
national purpose and identity.

And on this foundation rests, not only the hopes of those blessed to live in this great land, but the
hopes of millions throughout the word who believe in, and strive for, a better life for themselves
and their children. For hundreds of years, the knowledge that America was there - proud,
generous, steadfast, courageous - willing and able to enter the fray wherever human rights were
threatened or denied, has given many who may never see her shores the will to endure despite
the pain, to continue trying against sometimes insurmountable odds.

Yet without vigilance and constant tender care, even the strongest foundation shows the effects
of stress and erosion. Even the most imposing edifice can eventually crumble and fall. So it is
with nations, and with a nation's spirit.

We have seen in this second half of the twentieth century great advances in technology which
have impacted every aspect of modern life. Ironically, though we are living in the "age of
communication", it often seems as if we have less time now to talk or listen. For most, modern
conveniences haven't gotten them off the treadmill; they have only made the treadmill go faster.

Quietly, yet rapidly, the small town values of community and common purpose are vanishing.
Instead of strength in numbers, we as a nation are increasingly being split into smaller and
smaller competing factions, with the cry of "every man for himself" ringing through the land. It
seems that the phrase, "divide and conquer" has taken the place of, "One nation under God
indivisible, with truth and justice for all." Americans are retreating behind the locked doors of
their individual homes, afraid to enjoy the sunset for fear of the darkness it brings.

When and where did it all begin to crumble? How and why has America, which once was a
nation whose strength united was so much more than the sum of its total parts, begin to break
apart into bitterly opposing special interest groups? What will this frightening pattern of
disintegration mean to the future of America and of those who live within her shores? Let it be
remembered, and remembered well, the words of the Holy Bible: "a house divided against
itself cannot stand." And let us not flinch from facing the truth that we have become a nation
desperately divided.

With the long legacy of pride, determination, and strength in unity, how has it now come to this,
that we are fighting ourselves? Finally, and most vitally important of all, what can we do to turn
the tide before the values and opportunities which others before us fought and died to preserve
are washed away in the flood to come?
What you are about to see is the result of years of painstaking and meticulous research on the
part of dedicated Americans gravely concerned for this nation's future. Please listen closely and
give your undivided attention to this presentation, for our future as individuals and free citizens
of this mighty land depends upon it.

We are not here to showcase personalities. The writers and researchers could be any one of you
today. We are, first and last, concerned Americans much like yourselves, taking our stand in
defense of the nation we love. Much effort has been expended, and great hardships endured, by
the many other organizations and individuals to bring this information to the public forum.

There is a wealth of information about many of the problems we face as a nation today, written
from a variety of viewpoints. But as with a deadly illness, there is usually a point of origin, from
which the threat first was given life. So it is with the threat we as Americans face today - an
illness which could prove fatal if we do not act quickly and in concert to cure the body politic
before it dies from the disease within.

Almost all the problems we are facing today can be traced back to a single point of origin, in a
time of national trouble and despair. It was at this point, when our nation struggled for its
survival, that the Constitution of the United States of America was effectively canceled.

We as a Nation are in a State of Constitutional and Social Emergency!

The Rules have been changed, and We, the People have been deliberately kept
ignorant of the Truth!

To further explore how this was accomplished we suggest you also study this:

FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT AND HIS FRAUDULENT SYSTEM

"The real truth of the matter is, as you and I know, that a financial element in the large
centers has owned the government of the U.S. since the days of Andrew Jackson." --
Franklin D. Roosevelt in a letter written Nov. 21, 1933 to Colonel E. Mandell House

"When you are awake the dream is gone...

When you are Enlightened the 'world of illusion' is gone...
...and the TRUTH will set you FREE."

Introduction to Dr. Schroder's Work

Dr. Eugene Schroder has found the key to why our Constitutionally guaranteed rights are
violated daily. It's the insidious use of "emergency powers" meant to be used only in time of
invasion of rebellion.
Dr. Schroder proves with the government's own documents that the Constitution has been
effectively set aside since 1933. Eleven presidents, both Democrat and Republican, have used
emergency powers for the last 67 years to regulate our daily lives without the inconvenience of
Congressional approval. The definition of "emergencies" has been stretched to include economic
problems, social imbalances, and perceived threats to the US by any foreign country's actions,
even those on other continents.

Senate Report 93-549, written in 1973, says "Since March 9, 1933, the United States has been in
a state of declared national emergency...Under the powers delegated by these statutes, the
president may: seize property;...seize commodities; assign military forces abroad; institute
martial law; seize and control all transportation and communication;...restrict travel; and, in a
plethora of particular ways, control the lives of all American citizens."

The president can act through Executive Order, Presidential Proclamation, or through his many
agencies, which include most of the alphabet agencies.

The framers of the Constitution asserted that Americans have certain inalienable, God-given
rights. But under emergency rule, all these rights are declared null and void. The government
charges us for these rights by requiring licenses and excessive paperwork, with strings attached,
as long as restrictive and ill-defined requirements are met.

Dr. Schroder's landmark research is documented in three books: Constitution: Fact or Fiction;
War and Emergency Powers Special Report; and War, Central Planning and Corporations - The
Corporate State. These may be obtained from Buffalo Creek Press

I would also suggest a complete and thorough study of "Our Enemy, the State" by Albert J.
Nock, "The Law" by Frederick Bastiat, "Trial by Jury" by Lysander Spooner, "The Declaration
of Independence" and of course, "The Constitution For The United States"

The Data
We are going to begin with a series of documents which are representative of the documents
contained in this Report. We will be quoting from, in many cases, Senate and Congressional
reports, hearings before National Emergency Committees, Presidential Papers, Statutes at Large,
and the United States Code.

The first exhibit is taken from a book written by Carl Brent Swisher -- American Constitutional
Development, A complete constitutional history, from the British colonies to the Truman era.
Let's read the first paragraph. It says,

"We may well wonder in view of the precedents now established," said Charles E. Hughes,
(Supreme Court Justice) in 1920, "whether constitutional government as heretofore maintained
in this Republic could survive another great war even victoriously waged."
How could that happen? Surely, if we go out and fight a war and win it, we'd have to end up
stronger than the day we started, wouldn't we? Justice Hughes goes on to say,

"The conflict known as the World War had ended as far as military hostilities were concerned,
but was not yet officially terminated. Most of the war statutes were still in effect, many of the
emergency organizations were still in operation."

What is this man talking about when he speaks of "war statutes in effect and emergency
organizations still in operation"?

In 1933, Congressman Beck, speaking from the Congressional Record, states,

"I think of all the damnable heresies that have ever been suggested in connection with the
Constitution, the doctrine of emergency is the worst. It means that when Congress declares an
emergency, there is no Constitution. This means its death. It is the very doctrine that the German
chancellor is invoking today in the dying hours of the parliamentary body of the German
republic, namely, that because of an emergency, it should grant to the German chancellor
absolute power to pass any law, even though the law contradicts the Constitution of the German
republic. Chancellor Hitler is at least frank about it. We pay the Constitution lip-service, but the
result is the same."

Congressman Beck is saying that, of all the damnable heresies that ever existed, this doctrine of
emergency has got to be the worst, because once Congress declares an emergency, there is no
Constitution. He goes on to say,

"But the Constitution of the united States, as a restraining influence in keeping the federal
government within the carefully prescribed channels of power, is moribund, if not dead. We are
witnessing its death-agonies, for when this bill becomes a law, if unhappily it becomes a law,
there is no longer any workable Constitution to keep the Congress within the limits of its
Constitutional powers."

What bill is Congressman Beck talking about? In 1933, "the House passed the Farm Bill by a
vote of more than three to one." Again, we see the doctrine of emergency. Once an emergency is
declared, there is no Constitution.

The CAUSE and EFFECT of the doctrine of emergency is the subject of this Report.

In 1973, in Senate Report 93-549 (93rd Congress, 1st Session, 1973), (Exhibit 2), the first
sentence reads,

"Since March the 9th, 1933, the united States has been in a state of declared national
emergency."

Let's go back to Exhibit 1 just before this. What did that say? It says that if a national emergency
is declared, there is no Constitution. Now, let us return to Exhibit 2. Since March the 9th of
1933, the United States has been, in fact, in a state of declared national emergency.
Referring to the middle of this exhibit:

"This vast range of powers, taken together, confer enough authority to rule the country without
reference to normal constitutional processes. Under the powers delegated by these statutes, the
President may: seize property; organize and control the means of production; seize commodities;
assign military forces abroad; institute martial law; seize and control all transportation and
communication; regulate the operation of private enterprise; restrict travel; and, in a plethora of
particular ways, control the lives of all American citizens"

This situation has continued uninterrupted since the Emergency Banking Act, March 9, 1933, 48
Stat. 1, Public Law 89-719

In the introduction to Senate Report 93-549 (Exhibit 2):

"A majority of the people of the united States have lived all their lives under emergency rule."

Remember, this report was produced in 1973. The introduction goes on to say:

"For 40 years, freedoms and governmental procedures guaranteed by the Constitution have, in
varying degrees, been abridged by laws brought into force by states of national emergency."

The introduction continues:

"And, in the united States, actions taken by the government in times of great crisis have -- from,
at least, the Civil War -- in important ways shaped the present phenomenon of a permanent state
of national emergency."

How many people were taught that in school? How could it possibly be that something which
could suspend our Constitution would not be taught in school? Amazing, isn't it?

Where does this (Exhibit 2) come from? Is it possible that, in our Constitution, there could be
some section which could contemplate what these previous documents are referring to? In
Article 1, Section 9 of the Constitution of the united States of America, we find the following
words:

"The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of
Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it."

Habeas Corpus - the Great Writ of Liberty (Latin: ..."you have the body."). This is the writ which
guarantees that the government cannot charge us and hold us with any crime, unless they follow
the procedure of due process of law. This writ also says, in effect, that the privilege of due
process of law cannot be suspended, and that the government cannot not operate its arbitrary
prerogative power against We the People. But we see that the great Writ of Liberty can, in fact,
under the Constitution, be suspended when an invasion or a rebellion necessitates it.

In the 5th Amendment to the Constitution (Exhibit 3), it says:

"No Person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise Infamous Crime, unless on a
Presentment or Indictment of a Grand Jury, except in Cases arising in the Land or Naval forces
or in the Militia, when in actual Service in Time of War or public Danger;...".

We reserved the charging power for ourselves, didn't we? We didn't give that power to the
government. And we also said that the government would be powerless to charge one of the
citizens or one of the peoples of the united States with a crime unless We, the People, through
our grand jury, orders it to do so through an indictment or a presentment. And if We, the People,
don't order it, the government cannot do it. If it tried to do it, we would simply follow the Writ of
Habeas Corpus, and they would have to release us, wouldn't they? They could not hold us.

But let us recall that, in Exhibit 3, it says:

"except in Cases arising in the Land or Naval forces or in the Militia, when in actual Service in
Time of War or public Danger;..."

We can see here that the framers of the Constitution were already contemplating times when
there would be conditions under which it might be necessary to suspend the guarantees of the
Constitution.

Also from Senate Report 93-549 (Exhibit 2), and remember that our congressmen wrote these
reports and these documents and they're talking about these emergency powers and they say:

"They are quite careful and restrictive on the power, but the power to suspend is specifically
contemplated by the Constitution in the Writ of Habeas Corpus."

Now, this is well known. This is not a concept that was not known to rulers for many, many
years. The concepts of constitutional dictatorship went clear back to the Roman Republic. And
there, it was determined that, in times of dire emergencies, yes, the constitution and the rights of
the people could be suspended, temporarily, until the crisis, whatever its nature, could be
resolved.

But once it was done, the Constitution, was to be returned to its peacetime position of authority.
In France, the situation under which the constitution could be suspended is called the State of
Siege. In Great Britain, it's called the Defense of the Realm Acts. In Germany, in which Hitler
became a dictator, it was simply called Article 48. In the United States, it is called the War
Powers.

If that was, in fact, the case, and we are under a war emergency in this country, then there should
be evidence of that war emergency in the current law that exists today. That means we should be
able to go to the federal code known as the USC or "United States Code", and find that statute,
that law, in existence. If we went to the library today and picked up a copy of 12 USC Section
95b (Exhibit 4), we will find a law which states:

"The actions, regulations, rules, licenses, orders and proclamations heretofore or hereafter taken,
promulgated, made, or issued by the President of the United States or the Secretary of the
Treasury since March the 4th, 1933, pursuant to the authority conferred by Subsection (b) of
Section 5 of the Act of October 6th, 1917, as amended [12 USCS Sec. 95a], are hereby approved
and confirmed. (Mar. 9, 1933, c. 1, Title 1, Sec. 1, 48 Stat. 1.)".

Now, what does this mean? It means that everything the President or the Secretary of the
Treasury has done since the Emergency Banking Act of March 9, 1933, (48 Stat. 1, Public Law
89-719), or anything that the President or the Secretary of the Treasury is hereafter going to do,
is automatically approved and confirmed. Referring back to Exhibit 2, let us remember that,
according to the Congressional Record of 1973, the United States has been in a state of national
emergency since 1933. Then we realize that 12 USC, Section 95b is current law. This is the law
that exists over these united States right this moment.

If that be the case, let us see if we can understand what is being said here. As every action, rule
or law put into effect by the President or the Secretary of the Treasury since March the 4th of
1933 has or will be confirmed and approved, let us determine the significance of that date in
history. What happened on March the 4th of 1933?

On March the 4th of 1933, Franklin Delano Roosevelt was inaugurated as President of the
United States. Referring to his inaugural address (Exhibit 5), which was given at a time when the
country was in the throes of the Great Depression, we read:

"I am prepared under my constitutional duty to recommend the measures that a stricken nation in
the midst of a stricken world may require. These measures, or such other measures as the
Congress may build out of its experience and wisdom, I shall seek, within my constitutional
authority, to bring to speedy adoption.

But in the event that the Congress shall fail to take one of these two courses, and in the event that
the national emergency is still critical, I shall not evade the clear course of duty that will then
confront me. I shall ask the Congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis -- broad
Executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given
to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe."

On March the 4th, 1933, at his inaugural, President Roosevelt was saying that he was going to
ask Congress for the extraordinary authority available to him under the War Powers Act. Let's
see if he got it.

On March the 5th, President Roosevelt asked for a special and extraordinary session of Congress
in Proclamation 2038 (Exhibit 6). He called for the special session of Congress to meet on March
the 9th at noon. And at that Congress, he presented a bill, an Act, to provide for relief in the
existing national emergency in banking and for other purposes.

In the enabling portion of that Act (Exhibit 6), it states:

"Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the united States of America in
Congress assembled, That the Congress hereby declares that a serious emergency exists and that
it is imperatively necessary speedily to put into effect remedies of uniform national application."
What is the concept of the rule of necessity, referred to in the enabling portion of the Act as
"imperatively necessary speedily"? The rule of necessity is a rule of law which states that
necessity knows no law. A good example of the rule of necessity would be the concept of self-
defense. The law says, "Thou shalt not kill". But also know that, if you are in dire danger, in
danger of losing your life, then you have the absolute right of self-defense. You have the right to
kill to protect your own life. That is the ultimate rule of necessity.

Thus we see that the rule of necessity overrides all other law, and, in fact, allows one to do that
which would normally be against the law. So it is reasonable to assume that the wording of the
enabling portion of the Act of March 9, 1933, is an indication that what follows is something
which will probably be against the law. It will probably be against the Constitution of the United
States, or it would not require that the rule of necessity be invoked to enact it.

In the Act of March 9, 1933 (Exhibit 6), it further states in Title 1, Section 1:

"The actions, regulations, rules, licenses, orders and proclamations heretofore or hereafter taken,
promulgated, made, or issued by the President of the United States or the Secretary of the
Treasury since March the 4th, 1933, pursuant to the authority conferred by subdivision (b) of
Section 5 of the Act of October 6, 1917, as amended, are hereby approved and confirmed."

Where have we read those words before?

This is the exact same wording as is found (Exhibit 5) today in Title 12, USC 95b. The language
in Title 12, USC 95b is exactly the same as that found in the Act of March 9, 1933, Chapter 1,
Title 1, Section 48, Statute 1. The Act of March 9, 1933, is still in full force and effect today. We
are still under the Rule of Necessity. We are still in a declared state of national emergency, a
state of emergency that has existed, uninterrupted, since 1933, or for over sixty years.

As you may remember, the authority to do this is conferred by Subsection (b) of Section 5 of the
Act of October 6, 1917, as amended. What was the authority which was used to declare and
enact the emergency in this Act? If we look at the Act of October 6, 1917 (Exhibit 8), we see that
at the top right-hand part of the page, it states that this was:

"An Act To define, regulate, and punish trading with the enemy, and for other purposes.

By the year 1917, the United States was involved in World War I; at that point, it was recognized
that there were probably enemies of the United States, or allies of enemies of the United States,
living within the continental borders of our nation in a time of war.

Therefore, Congress passed this Act which identified who could be declared enemies of the
United States, and, in this Act, we gave the government total authority over those enemies to do
with as it saw fit. We also see, however, in Section 2, Subdivision (c) in the middle, and again at
the bottom of the page:

other than citizens of the united States."

The Act specifically excluded citizens of the united States, because we realized in 1917 that the
citizens of the united States were not enemies. Thus, we were excluded from the war powers
over enemies in this Act.

Section 5b of the same Act (Exhibit 8), states:

"That the President may investigate, regulate, or prohibit, under such rules and regulations as he
may prescribe, by means of licenses or otherwise, any transactions in foreign exchange, export or
earmarkings of gold or silver coin or bullion or currency, transfers of credit in any form (other
than credits relating solely to transactions to be executed wholly within the United States)".

Again, we see here that citizens, and the transactions of citizens made wholly within the United
States, were specifically excluded from the war powers of this Act. We, the People, were not
enemies of our country; therefore, the government did not have total authority over us as they
were given over our enemies.

It is important to draw attention again to the fact that citizens of the United States in October,
1917, were not called enemies. Consequently the government, under the war powers of this Act,
did not have authority over us; we were still protected by the Constitution. Granted, over
enemies of this nation, the government was empowered to do anything it deemed necessary, but
not over us. The distinction made between enemies of the United States and citizens of the united
States will become crucial later on. Please note the distinction between "United States, and that
of "united States"...

In Section 2 of the Act of March 9, 1933 (Exhibit 8), "Subdivision (b) of Section 5 of the Act of
October 6, 1917 (40 Stat. L. 411), as amended, is hereby amended to read as follows;

So we see that they are now going to amend Section 5 (b). Now let's see how it reads after it's
amended. The amended version of Section 5 (b) reads (emphasis is ours):

"During time of war or during any other period of national emergency declared by the President,
the President may, through any agency that he may designate, or otherwise, investigate, regulate,
or prohibit, under such rules and regulations as he may prescribe, by means of licenses or
otherwise, any transactions in foreign exchange, transfers of credit between or payments by
banking institutions as defined by the President and export, hoarding, melting, or earmarkings of
gold or silver coin or bullion or currency, by any person within the (united States) or anyplace
subject to the jurisdiction thereof.." (NOTE: later we will discuss that jurisdiction ... for now
please take note of this important point.).

What just happened? At as far as commercial, monetary or business transactions were concerned,
the people of the united States were no longer differentiated from any other enemy of the United
States. We had lost that crucial distinction. Comparing Exhibit 17 with Exhibit 19, we can see
that the phrase which excluded transactions executed wholly within the united States has been
removed from the amended version of Section 5 (b) of the Act of March 9, 1933, Section 2, and
replaced with "by any person within the united States or anyplace subject to the jurisdiction
thereof'. All monetary transactions, whether domestic or international in scope, were now placed
at the whim of the (President of the United States) through the authority given to him by the
Trading with the enemy Act.(NOTE: change of title now! Exactly whom does the President
represent in this situation now??)

To summarize this critical point: On October the 6th of 1917, at the beginning of America's
involvement in World War 1, Congress passed a Trading with the enemy Act empowering the
government to take control over any and all commercial, monetary or business transactions
conducted by enemies or allies of enemies within our continental borders. That Act also defined
the term "enemy" and excluded from that definition citizens of the united States.

In Section 5 (b) of this Act, we see that the President was given unlimited authority to control the
commercial transactions of defined enemies, but we see that credits relating solely to transactions
executed wholly within the united States were excluded from that controlling authority. As
transactions wholly domestic in nature were excluded from authority, the government had no
extraordinary control over the daily business conducted by the citizens of the united States,
because we were certainly not enemies.

Citizens of the united States were not enemies of their country in 1917, and the transactions
conducted by citizens within this country were not considered to be enemy transactions. But in
looking again at Section 2 of the Act of March 9, 1933, (Exhibit 17), we can see that the phrase
excluding wholly domestic transactions has been removed from the amended version and
replaced with "by any person within the united States or anyplace subject to the jurisdiction
thereof'.

The people of the united States were now subject to the power of the Trading with the Enemy
Act of October 6,1917, as amended. For the purposes of all commercial, monetary and, in effect,
all business transactions, We, the People became the same as the enemy, and were treated no
differently. There was no longer any distinction.

It is important here to note that, in the Acts of October 6, 1917 and March 9, 1933, it states:
"during times of war or during any other national emergency declared by the President..". So we
now see that the war powers not only included a period of war, but also a period of "national
emergency" as defined by the President of the United States. When either of these two situations
occur, the President may, (Exhibit 8)

"through any agency that he may designate, or otherwise, investigate, regulate or prohibit under
such rules and regulations as he may prescribe by means of licenses or otherwise, any
transactions in foreign exchange, transfers of credit between or payments by banking institutions
as defined by the President and export, hoarding, melting or earmarking of gold or silver coin or
bullion or currency by any person within the united States or anyplace subject to the jurisdiction
thereof."

What can the President do now to the We, the People, under this Section? He can do anything
he wants to do. It's purely at his discretion, and he can use any agency or any license that he
desires to control it. This is called a constitutional dictatorship.
In Senate Document 93-549 (Exhibit 2), Congress declared that a serious emergency exists, at:

"48 Stat. 1. The exclusion of domestic transactions, formerly found in the Act, was deleted from
Sect. 5 (b) at this time."

Our Congress wrote that in the year 1973.

Now let's find out about the Trading with the Enemy Act of October 6, 1917. Quoting from a
Supreme Court decision (Exhibit 9), Stoehr v. Wallace, 1921:

"The Trading With the Enemy Act, originally and as amended, is strictly a war measure, and
finds its sanction in the provision empowering Congress "to declare war, grant letters of
marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water" Const. Art. 1,
Sect. 8, cl. 11. P. 241".

Remember your Constitution? "Congress shall have the power to declare war, grant letters of
marque and reprisal and make all rules concerning the captures on the land and the water of the
enemies." ALL RULES.

If that be the case, let us look at the memorandum of law that now covers trading with the
enemy, the "Memorandum of American Cases and Recent English Cases on The Law of Trading
With the Enemy" (Exhibit 11), remembering that we are now the same as the enemy. In this
memorandum, we read:

"Every species of intercourse with the enemy is illegal. This prohibition is not limited to mere
commercial intercourse."

This is the case of The Rapid (1814).

Additionally,

"No contract is considered as valid between enemies, at least so far as to give them a remedy in
the courts of either government, and they have, in the language of the civil law, no ability to
sustain a persona standi in judicio."

In other words, they have no personal rights at law in court. This is the case of The Julia (1813).

In the next case, the case of The Sally (1814) (Exhibit 12), we read the words:

"By the general law of prize, property engaged in an illegal intercourse with the enemy is
deemed enemy property. It is of no consequence whether it belong to an ally or to a citizen; the
illegal traffic stamps it with the hostile character, and attaches to it all the penal consequences of
enemy ownership."

Reading further in the memorandum, again from the case of The Rapid:
"The law of prize is part of the law of nations. In it, a hostile character is attached to trade,
independently of the character of the trader who pursues or directs it. Condemnation to the use of
the captor is equally the fate of the property of the belligerent and of the property found engaged
in anti-neutral trade. But a citizen or an ally may be engaged in a hostile trade, and thereby
involve his property in the fate of those in whose cause he embarks."

Again from the memorandum (Exhibit 12):

"The produce of the soil of the hostile territory, as well as other property engaged in the
commerce of the hostile power, as the source of its wealth and strength, are always regarded as
legitimate prize, without regard to the domicile of the owner".

From the case (Exhibit 13) of The William Bagaley (1866):

"In general, during war, contracts with, or powers of attorney or agency from, the enemy
executed after outbreak of war are illegal and void; contracts entered into with the enemy prior to
the war are either suspended or are absolutely terminated; partnerships with an enemy are
dissolved; powers of attorney from the enemy, with certain exceptions, lapse; payments to the
enemy (except to agents in the united States appointed prior to the war and confirmed since the
war) are illegal and void; all rights of an enemy to sue in the courts are suspended."

From Senate Report No. 113 (Exhibit 14), in which we find An Act to Define, Regulate, and
Punish Trading with the Enemy, and For Other Purposes, we read:

"The trade or commerce regulated or prohibited is defined in Subsections (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e),
page 4. This trade covers almost every imaginable transaction, and is forbidden and made
unlawful except when allowed under the form of licenses issued by the Secretary of Commerce
(p. 4, sec. 3, line 18). This authorization of trading under licenses constitutes the principal
modification of the rule of international law forbidding trade between the citizens of belligerents,
for the power to grant such licenses, and therefore exemption from the operation of law, is given
by the bill."

It says no trade can be conducted or no intercourse can be conducted without a license, because,
by mere definition of the enemy, and under the prize law, all intercourse is illegal.

That was the first case we looked at, Exhibit 12, wasn't it? So once we were declared enemies, all
intercourse became illegal for us. The only way we could now do business or any type of legal
intercourse was to obtain permission from our government by means of a license. We are
certainly required to have a Social Security Card, which is a license to work, and a Driver's
License, which gives the government the ability to restrict travel; all business in which we
engage ourselves requires us to have a license, does it not?

Returning once again to the Memorandum of Law: (Exhibit 13)

"But it is necessary always to bear in mind that a war cannot be carried on without hurting
somebody, even, at times, our own citizens. The public good, however, must prevail over private
gain. As we said in Bishop U. Jones (28 Texas, 294), there cannot be "a war for arms and a peace
for commerce." One of the most important features of the bill is that which provides for the
temporary taking over of the enemy property,".

This point of law is important to keep in mind, for it authorizes the temporary take-over of
enemy property. The question is: Once the war terminates, the property must be returned --
mustn't it?

The property that is confiscated, and the belligerent right of the government during the period of
war, must be returned when the war terminates. Let us take the case of a ship in harbor; war
breaks out, and the Admiral says, "I'm seizing your ship." Can you stop him? No. But when the
war is over, the Admiral must return your ship to you. This point is important to bear in mind, for
we will return to, and expand upon, it later in the report.

Reading from (Exhibit 28) Senate Document No. 43, "Contracts Payable in Gold" written in
1933:

"The ultimate ownership of all property is in the State; individual so-called, "ownership"
is only by virtue of government, i. e., law, amounting to mere user; and use must be in
accordance with law and subordinate to the necessities of the State."

Who owns all the property? Who owns the property you call "yours"? Who has the authority to
mortgage property? Let us continue with a Supreme Court decision, (Exhibit 29) United States v.
Russell:

"Private property, the Constitution provides, shall not be taken for public use without just
compensation...."

That is the peacetime clause, isn't it? Further (emphasis is ours),

"Extraordinary and unforeseen occasions arise, however, beyond all doubt, in cases of
extreme necessity in time of war or of immediate and impending public danger, in which
private property may be impressed into the public service, or may be seized or
appropriated to public use, or may even be destroyed without the consent of the owner...."

This quote, and indeed this case, provides a vivid illustration of the potential power of the
government.

Now, let us return to the period of time after March 4, 1933, and take a close look at what really
occurred. On March 4, 1933, in his inaugural address, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt
asked for the authority of the war powers, and called a special session of Congress for the
purpose of having those powers conferred to him.

On March the 2nd, 1933, however, we find that Herbert Hoover had written a letter to the
Federal Reserve Board of New York, asking them for recommendations for action based on the
over-all situation at the time. The Federal Reserve Board responded with a resolution (Exhibit
15) which they had adopted, an excerpt from which follows:

"Resolution Adopted By The Federal Reserve Board Of New York. Whereas, in the opinion of
the Board of Directors of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the continued and increasing
withdrawal of currency and gold from the banks of the country has now created a national
emergency...."

In order to fully appreciate the significance of this last quote, we must recall that, in 1913, The
Federal Reserve Act was passed, authorizing the creation of a central bank, the thought of which
had already been noted in the Constitution. The basic idea of the central bank was, among other
things, for it to act as a secure repository for the gold of the people. We, the People, would bring
our gold to the huge, strong vaults of the Federal Reserve, and we would be issued a note which
said, in effect, that, at any time we desired, we could bring that note back to the bank and be
given back our gold which we had deposited.

Until 1933, that agreement, that contract between the Federal Reserve and its depositors, was
honored. Federal Reserve notes, prior to 1933, were indeed redeemable in gold. After 1933, the
situation changed drastically. In 1933, during the depths of the Depression, at the time when We,
the People, were struggling to stay alive and keep our families fed, the bankers began to say,
"People are coming in now, wanting their gold, wanting us to honor this contract we have made
with them to give them their gold on demand, and this contractual obligation is creating a
national emergency."

How could that happen? Reading from the Public Papers of Herbert Hoover (Exhibit 15):

"Now, Therefore, Be It Resolved, that, in this emergency, the Federal Reserve Board is hereby
requested to urge the President of the United States to declare a bank holiday, Saturday, March 4,
and Monday, March 6..."

In other words, President Roosevelt was urged to close down the banking system and make it
unavailable for a short period of time. What was to happen during that period of time?

Reading again from the Federal Reserve Board resolution (Exhibit 15), we find a proposal for an
executive order, to be worded as follows:

Whereas, it is provided in Section 5 (b) of the Act of October 6, 1917, as amended, that "the
President may investigate, regulate, or prohibit, under such rules and regulations as he may
prescribe, by means of licenses or otherwise, any transactions in foreign exchange and the
export, hoarding, melting, or earmarkings of gold or silver coin or bullion or currency, *

Now, in any nominal usage of the American language, the standard accepted meaning of a series
of three asterisks after a quotation means that what follows also must be quoted exactly, doesn't
it? If it's not, that's a fraudulent use of the American language. At that point marked by the red
asterisk (*) above, " began, what did the original Act of October 6,1917 say?
Referring back to Exhibit 19, we find that the remainder of Section 5 (b) of the Act of October
6,1917 says:

"(other than credits relating solely to transactions to be executed wholly within the united
States)."

This portion of Section 5 (b) specifically prohibited the government from taking control of We,
the People's money and transactions, didn't it?

However, let us now read the remainder of Section 5 (b) of the Act of October 6, 1917, as
amended on March 9,1933 (Exhibit 17):

"by any person within the united States or any place subject to the jurisdiction thereof."

Comparing the original with the amended version of Section 5 (b), we can see the full
significance of the amended version, wherein the exclusion of domestic transactions from the
powers of the Act was deleted, and "any person" became subject to the extraordinary powers
conferred by the Act. Further, we can now see that the usage of the original text where the red
asterisk is (above), it was, in all likelihood, meant to be deliberately misleading, if not fraudulent
in nature.

Further, in the next section of the Federal Reserve Board's proposal, we find that anyone
violating any provision of this Act will be fined not more than $10,000.00, or imprisoned for not
more than ten years, or both. A severe enough penalty at any time, but one made all the more
harsh by the economic conditions in which most Americans found themselves at the time. And
where were these alterations and amendments to be found? Not from the government itself,
initially; no, they are first to be found in a proposal from the Federal Reserve Board of New
York, a banking institution.

Let us recall the chronology of events: Herbert Hoover, in his last days as President of the united
States, asked for a recommendation from the Federal Reserve Board of New York, and they
responded with their proposals. We see that President Hoover did not act on the
recommendation, and believed the actions were "neither justified nor necessary" (Appendix,
Public Papers of Herbert Hoover, p. 1088). Let us see what happened; remember on March 4,
1933, Franklin Delano Roosevelt was inaugurated as President of the united States. On March 5,
1933, President Roosevelt called for an extraordinary session of Congress to be held on March 9,
1933, as can be seen in Exhibit 17:

"Whereas, public interests require that the Congress of the united States should be convened in
extra session at twelve o'clock, noon, on the Ninth day of March, 1933, to receive such
communication as may be made by the Executive."

On the next day, March 6 ,1933, President Roosevelt issued Proclamation 2039, which has been
included in this report, starting at the bottom of Exhibit 8. In Exhibit 32, we find the following:
"Whereas there have been heavy and unwarranted withdrawals of gold and currency from our
banking institutions for the purpose of hoarding . . ."

Right at the beginning, we have a problem. And the problem rests in the question of who should
be the judge of whether or not my gold, on deposit at the Federal Reserve, with which I have a
contract which says, in effect, that I may withdraw my gold at my discretion, is being withdrawn
by me in an "unwarranted" manner. Remember, the people of the united States were in dire
economic straits at this point. If I had gold at the Federal Reserve, I would consider withdrawing
as much of my gold as I needed for my family and myself a "warranted" action. But the decision
was not left up to We, the People.

It is also important to note that it is stated that the gold is being withdrawn for the "purpose of
hoarding". The significance of this phrase becomes clearer when we reach Proclamation 2039,
wherein the term "hoarding" is inserted into the amended version of Section 5 (b). The term,
"hoarding", was not to be found in the original version of Section 5(b) of the Act of October 6,
1917. It was a term which was used by President Roosevelt to help support his contention that
the United States was in the middle of a national emergency, and his assertion that the
extraordinary powers conferred to him by the War Powers Act were needed to deal with that
emergency.

Let us now go on to the middle of Proclamation 2039, at the top of the next page, Exhibit 9. In
reading from Exhibit 9, we find the following:

"Whereas, it is provided in Section 5 (b) of the Act of October 6, 1917, (40 Stat. L. 411) as
amended, " that the President may investigate, regulate, or prohibit, under such rules and
regulations as be may prescribed, by means of licenses or otherwise, any transaction in foreign
exchange and the export, hoarding, melting, or earmarkings of gold or silver coin or bullion or
currency . . ."

exactly as was first proposed by the Federal Reserve Board of New York (Exhibit 31).

If we return to 48 Statute 1 (Exhibit 17), Title 1, Section 1, we find that the amended Section 5
(b) with its added phrase:

"by any person within the united States or any place subject to the jurisdiction thereof."

Is this becoming clearer as to exactly what happened? On March 5, 1933, President Roosevelt
called for an extra session of Congress, and on March 6, 1933, issued Proclamation 2039
(Exhibits 32-33). On March 9th, Roosevelt issued Proclamation 2040. We looked at
Proclamation 2039 on Exhibits 32 and 33, and now, on Exhibit 33 (a), let's see what Roosevelt is
talking about in Proclamation 2040:

"Whereas, on March 6, 1933, I, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States of

America, by Proclamation declared the existence of a national emergency and proclaimed a bank
holiday..."
We see that Roosevelt declared a national emergency and a bank holiday. Let's read on:

"Whereas, under the Act of March 9, 1933, all Proclamations heretofore or hereafter issued by
the President pursuant to the authority conferred by section 5 (b) of the Act of October 6, 1 91 7,
as amended, are approved and confirmed;"

This section of the Proclamation clearly states that all proclamations heretofore or hereafter
issued by the President are approved and confirmed, citing the authority of section 5 (b). The key
words here being "all" and "approved". Further:

"Whereas, said national emergency still continues, and it is necessary to take further measures
extending beyond March 9, 1933, in order to accomplish such purposes"

We again clearly see that there is more to come, evidenced by the phrase, "further measures
extending beyond March 9, 1933 ... " Could this be the beginning of a new deal? Possibly a one-
sided deal. How long can this type of action continue? Let's find out.

"Now, therefore, I, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States of America, in view of
such continuing national emergency and by virtue of the authority vested in me by Section 5 (b)
of the Act of October 6, 1917 (40 Stat. L. 411) as amended by the Act of March 9, 1933, do
hereby proclaim, order, direct and declare that all the terms and provisions of said Proclamation
of March 6,1933, and the regulations and orders issued thereunder are hereby continued in full
force and effect until further proclamation by the President."

We now understand that the Proclamation 2039, of March 6, 1933 and Proclamation 2040 of
March 9, 1933, will continue until such time as another proclamation is made by "the President".
Note that the term "the President" is not specific to President Roosevelt; it is a generic term
which can equally apply to any President from Roosevelt to the present, and beyond.

So here we have President Roosevelt declaring a national emergency (we are now beginning to
realize the full significance of those words) and closing the national banks for two days, by
Executive Order. Further, he states that the Proclamations bringing about these actions will to
continue "in full force and effect" until such time as the President, and only the President,
changes the situation.

It is important to note the fact that these Proclamations were made on March 6, 1933, three days
before Congress was due to convene its extra session. Yet references are made to such things as
the amended Section 5 (b), which had not yet even been confirmed by Congress. President
Roosevelt must have been supremely confident of Congress giving confirmation of his actions.
And indeed, we find that confidence was justified. *** For on March 9, 1933, without
individual Congressmen even having the opportunity to read for themselves the bill they
were to confirm, Congress did indeed approve the amendment of Section 5 (b) of the Act of
October 6, 1917. ***

Referring to the Public Papers of Herbert Hoover (Exhibit 34):

"That those speculators and insiders were right was plain enough later on. This first contract of
the 'moneychangers with the New Deal netted those who removed their money from the country
a profit of up to 60 percent when the dollar was debased."

Where had our gold gone? Our gold had already been moved offshore! The gold was not in the
banks, and when We, the People lined up at the door attempting to have our contracts honored,
the deception was exposed. What happened then? The laws were changed to prevent us from
asking again, and the military was brought in to protect the Federal Reserve. We, the People,
were declared to be the same as public enemy and placed under military authority.

Going now to another section of 48 Statute 1 (Exhibit 35):

"Whenever in the judgment of the Secretary of the Treasury such action is necessary to protect
the currency system of the (U)nited States, the Secretary of the Treasury, in his discretion, may
require any or all individuals, partnerships, associations and corporations to pay and deliver to
the Treasurer of the United States any or all gold coin, gold bullion, and gold certificates owned
by such individuals, partnerships, associations and corporations." Notice now to whom we refer
as "owning" the money!

By this Statute, everyone was required to turn in their gold. Failure to do so would constitute a
violation of this provision, such violation to be punishable by a fine of not more than $10,000.00
and imprisonment for not more than ten years. It was a seizure. Whose property may be seized
without due process of law under the Trading With the Enemy Act? The enemy's. Whose gold
was seized? Ours -- the gold of the people of the united States. Are you seeing the fraud here
now?

From the Roosevelt Papers (Exhibit 36):

"During this banking holiday it was at first believed that some form of scrip or emergency
currency would be necessary for the conduct of ordinary business. We knew that it would be
essential when the banks reopened to have an adequate supply of currency to meet all possible
demands of depositors. Consideration was given by government officials and various local
agencies to the advisability of issuing clearing house certificates or some similar form of local
emergency currency. On March 7, 1933, the Secretary of the Treasury issued a regulation
authorizing clearing houses to issue demand certificates against sound assets of the banking
institutions, but this authority was not to become effective until March 10th. In many cities, the
printing of these certificates was actually begun, but after the passage of the Emergency Banking
Act of March 9, 1933 (48 Stat. 1), it became evident that they would not be needed, because the
Act made possible the issue of the necessary amount of emergency currency in the form of
Federal Reserve banknotes which could be based on any sound assets owned by banks."

Roosevelt could now issue emergency currency under the Act of March 9, 1933 and this
currency was to be called Federal Reserve bank notes. From Title 4 of the Act of March 9, 1933
(Exhibit 37):
"Upon the deposit with the Treasurer of the United States, (a) of any direct obligations of the
united States or (b) of any notes, drafts, bills of exchange, or bankers' acceptances acquired under
the provisions of this Act, any Federal reserve bank making such deposit in the manner
prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury shall be entitled to receive from the Comptroller of
the currency circulating notes in blank, duly registered and countersigned."

What is this saying? It says (emphasis is ours): "Upon the deposit with the Treasurer of the
United States, (a) of any direct obligation of the united States ..." That is a direct obligation
of the united States? It's a treasury note, which is an obligation upon whom? Upon We, the
People, to perform. It's a taxpayer obligation, isn't it?

Title 4 goes on: "or (b) of any notes, drafts, bills of exchange or bankers' acceptances . .

What's a note? If you go to the bank and sign a note on your home, that's a note, isn't it? A note
is a private obligation upon We, the People. And if the Federal Reserve Bank deposits either (a)
public and/or (b) private obligation of We, the People, with the Treasury, the Comptroller of the
currency will issue this circulating note endorsed in blank, duly registered and countersigned, an
emergency currency based on the (a) public and/or (b) private obligations of the people of the
united States.

In the Congressional Record of March 9, 1933 (Exhibit 38) , we find evidence that our
congressmen didn't even have individual copies of the bill to read, on which they were about to
vote. A copy of the bill was passed around for approximately 40 minutes.

Congressman McFadden made the comment,

"Mr. Speaker, I regret that the membership of the House has had no opportunity to consider or
even read this bill. The first opportunity I had to know what this legislation is, was when it was
read from the clerk's desk. It is an important banking bill. It is a dictatorship over finance in the
united States. It is complete control over the banking system in the united States ... It is difficult
under the circumstances to discuss this bill. The first section of the bill, as I grasped it, is
practically the war powers that were given back in 1917."

Congressman McFadden later says,

"I would like to ask the chairman of the committee if this is a plan to change the holding of the
security back of the Federal Reserve notes to the Treasury of the united States rather than the
Federal Reserve agent."

Keep in mind, here, that, prior to 1933, the Federal Reserve bank held our gold as security, in
return for Federal Reserve gold notes which we could redeem at any time we wanted. Now,
however, Congressman McFadden is asking if this proposed bill is a plan to change who's going
to hold the security, from the Federal Reserve to the Treasury.

Chairman Steagall's response to Congressman McFadden's question, again from the

Congressional Record:
"This provision is for the issuance of Federal Reserve bank notes; and not for Federal Reserve
notes; and the security back of it is the obligations, notes, drafts, bills of exchange, bank
acceptances, outlined in the section to which the gentleman has referred."

We were backed by gold, and our gold was seized, wasn't it? We were penniless, and now our
money would be secured, not by gold, but by notes and obligations on which We, the People,
were the collateral security.

Congressman McFadden then questioned,

"Then the new circulation is to be Federal Reserve bank notes and not Federal Reserve notes. Is
that true?

Mr. Steagall replied,

"Insofar as the provisions of this section are concerned, yes."

Does that sound familiar?

Next we hear from Congressman Britten, as noted in the Congressional Record (Exhibit 39):

"From my observations of the bill as it was read to the House, it would appear that the amount of
bank notes that might be issued by the Federal Reserve System is not limited. That will depend
entirely upon the amount of collateral that is presented from time to time for exchange for bank
notes. Is that not correct?"

Who is the collateral? We are - we are chattel, aren't we? We have no rights. Our rights were
suspended along with the Constitution. We became chattel property to the corporate government,
our transactions and obligations the collateral for the issuance of Federal Reserve bank notes.

Congressman Patman, speaking from the Congressional Record (Exhibit 40):

"The money will be worth 100 cents on the dollar because it is backed by the credit of the
Nation. It will represent a mortgage on all the homes and other property of all the people in
the Nation."

It now is no wonder that credit became so available after the Depression. It was needed to back
our monetary system. Our debts, our obligations, our homes, our jobs - we were now slaves for
the system.

From Statutes at Large, in the Congressional Record (Exhibit 41)

"When required to do so by the Secretary of the Treasury, each Federal Reserve agent shall act
as agent of the Treasurer of the United States or of the Comptroller of the currency, or both, for
the performance of any functions which the Treasurer or the Comptroller may be called upon to
perform in carrying out the provisions of this paragraph."
The Treasury was taken over by the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve Holding companies,
the Depository Trust Co. and the CEDE Co., hold the assets. We are the collateral - we
ourselves and our property.

To summarize briefly: On March 9,1933 the American people in all their domestic,
daily, and commercial transactions became the same as the enemy.

The President of the united States, through licenses or any other form, was given the
power to regulate and control the actions of enemies. He made We, the People, chattel
property; he seized our gold, our property and our rights; and he suspended the
Constitution.

And we know that current law, to this day, says that all proclamations issued
heretofore or hereafter by the President or the Secretary of the Treasury are approved
and confirmed by Congress. Pretty broad, sweeping approval to be automatic,
wouldn't you agree?

On March 11, 1933, President Roosevelt, in his first radio "Fireside Chat" (Exhibit 42), makes
the following statement:

"The Secretary of the Treasury will issue licenses to banks which are members of the Federal
Reserve system, whether national bank or state, located in each of the 12 Federal Reserve bank
cities, to open Monday morning."

It was by this action that the Federal Reserve took over the Treasury and the banking system.

Black's Law Dictionary defines the Bank Holiday of 1933 (Exhibit 42a) in the following words:

"Presidential Proclamations No. 2039, issued March 6, 1933, and No. 2040, issued March 9,
1933, temporarily suspended banking transactions by member banks of the Federal Reserve
System. Normal banking functions were resumed on March 13, subject to certain restrictions.
The first proclamation, it was held, had no authority in law until the passage on March 9, 1933,
of a ratifying act (12 U. S. C. A. Sect. 95b). Anthony v. Bank of Wiggins, 183 Miss. 883, 184
So. 626. The present law forbids member banks of the Federal Reserve System to transact
banking business, except under regulations of the Secretary of the Treasury, during an
emergency proclaimed by the President. 12 U.S.C.A. Sect. 95"

Take special note of the last sentence of this definition, especially the phrase, "present law". The
fact that banks are under regulation of the Treasury today, is evidence that the state of emergency
still exists, by virtue of the definition. Not that, at this point, we need any more evidence to prove
we are still in a declared state of national emergency.

From the Agricultural Adjustment Act of May 12,1933 (Exhibit 43):

"To issue licenses permitting processors, associations of producers and others to engage in the
handling, in the current of interstate or foreign commerce, of any agricultural commodity or
product thereof . . ."

This is the seizure of the agricultural industry by means of licensing authority.

In the first hundred days of the reign of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, similar seizures by licensing
authority were successfully completed by the government over a plethora of other industries,
among them transportation, communications, public utilities, securities, oil, labor, and all natural
resources. The first hundred days of FDR saw the nationalization of the united States, its people
and its assets. What has Bill Clinton talked about during his campaign and early presidency? His
first hundred days.

Now, we know that they took over all contracts, for we have already read in Exhibit 22:

"No contract is considered as valid as between enemies, at least so far as to give them a remedy
in the courts of law of either government, and they have, in the language of civil law, no ability
to sustain a persona standi in judicio."

They have no personal rights at law. Therefore, we should expect that we would see in the
statutes a time when the contract between the Federal Reserve and We, the People, in which the
Federal Reserve had to give us our gold on demand, was made null and void.

Referring to House Joint Resolution 192 (June 5, 1933) (Exhibit 44):

"That (a) every provision contained in or made with respect to any obligation which purports to
give the obligee a right to require payment in gold or a particular kind of coin or currency, or in
an amount of money of the united States measured thereby is declared to be against public
policy; and no such policy shall be contained in or made with respect to any obligation hereafter
incurred."

Indeed, our contract with the Federal Reserve was invalidated at the end of Roosevelt's hundred
days. We lost our right to require our gold back from the bank in which we had deposited it.

Returning once again to the Roosevelt Papers (Exhibit 45):

"This conference of fifty farm leaders met on March 10, 1933. They agreed on recommendations
for a bill, which were presented to me at the White House on March 11th by a committee of the
conference, who requested me to call upon the Congress for the same broad powers to meet the
emergency in agriculture as I had requested for solving the bank crisis."

What was the "broad powers"? That was the War Powers, wasn't it? And now we see the farm
leaders asking President Roosevelt to use the same War Powers to take control of the agricultural
industry. Well, needless to say, he did. We should wonder about all that took place at this
conference, for it to result in the eventual acquiescence of farm leadership to the governmental
take-over of their livelihoods.
Reading from the Agricultural Adjustment Act, May the 12th, Declaration of Emergency
(Exhibit 46):

"That the present acute economic emergency being in part the consequence of a severe and
increasing disparity between the prices of agriculture and other commodities, which disparity has
largely destroyed the purchasing power of farmers for industrial products, has broken down the
orderly exchange of commodities, and has seriously impaired the agricultural assets supporting
the national credit structure, it is hereby declared that these conditions in the basic industry of
agriculture have affected transactions in agricultural commodities with a national public interest,
have burdened and obstructed the normal currents of commerce in such commodities and
rendered imperative the immediate enactment of Title 1 of this Act."

Now here we see that he is saying that the agricultural assets support the national credit structure.
Did he take the titles of all the land? Remember Contracts Payable in Gold? President Roosevelt
needed the support, and agriculture was critical, because of all the millions of acres of farmland
at that time, and the value of that farmland. The mortgage on that farmland was what supported
the emergency credit. So President Roosevelt had to do something to stabilize the price of land
and Federal Reserve Bank notes to create money, didn't he? So he impressed agriculture into the
public interest.

The farming industry was nationalized.

Continuing with the Agricultural Adjustment Act, Declaration of Emergency (Exhibit 47):

"It is hereby declared to be the public policy of Congress..."

Referring now back to Prize Cases (1862) (2 Black, 674) (Exhibit 24):

"But in defining the meaning of the term 'enemies' property,' we will be led into error if we refer
to Fleta or Lord Coke for their definition of the word, 'enemy'. It is a technical phrase peculiar to
prize courts, and depends upon principles of public policy as distinguished from the common
law."

Once the emergency is declared, the common law is abolished, the Constitution is abolished
and we fall under the absolute will of Government "public policy".

All the government needs to continue is to have public opinion on their side. If public opinion
can be kept, in sufficient degree, on the side of the government, statutes, laws and regulations
can continue to be passed. The Constitution has no meaning. The Constitution is suspended. It
has been for over 60 years. We're not under law. Law has been abolished.

We're under a system of public policy, (War Powers).

So when you go into that courtroom with your Constitution and the common law in your hand,
what does that judge tell you? He tells you that you have no persona standi in judicio. You
have no personal standing at law. He tells you not to bother bringing the Constitution into his
court, because it is not a Constitutional court, but an executive tribunal operating under a totally
different jurisdiction.

From Section 93-549 (Exhibit 48) (emphasis is ours):

"Under this procedure we retain Government by law - special, temporary law, perhaps, but law
nonetheless. The public may know the extent and the limitations of the powers that can be
asserted, and the persons affected may be informed by the statute of their rights and their duties."

If you have any rights, the only reason you have them is because they have been statutorily
declared, and your duties well spelled out, and if you violate the orders of those statutes, you will
be charged, not with a crime, but with an offense.

Again from 93-549, from the words of Mr. Katzenbach (Exhibit 49):

"My recollection is that almost every executive order ever issued straddles on several grounds,
but it almost always includes the Trading With the Enemy Act because the language of that act is
so broad, it would justify almost anything."

Speaking on the subject of a challenge to the Act by the people, Justice Clark then says,

"Most difficult from a standpoint of standing to sue. The Court, you might say, has enlarged the
standing rule in favor of the litigant. But I don't think it has reached the point, presently, that
would permit many such cases to be litigated to the merits."

Senator Church then made the comment:

"What you're saying, then, is that if Congress doesn't act to standardize, restrict, or eliminate the
emergency powers, that no one else is very likely to get a standing in court to contest."

No persona standi in judicio - no personal standing in the courts.

Continuing with Senate Report 93-549 (Exhibit 50):

"The interesting aspect of the legislation lies in the fact that it created a permanent agency
designed to eradicate an emergency condition in the sphere of agriculture."

These agencies, of which there are now thousands, and which now control every aspect of our
lives, were ostensibly created as temporary agencies meant to last only as long as the national
emergency. They have become, in fact, permanent agencies, as has the state of national
emergency itself. As Franklin Delano Roosevelt said: "We will never go back to the old
order." That quote takes on a different meaning in light of what we have seen so far.

In Exhibit 51, Senate Report 93-549, we find a quote from Senator Church:
"If the President can create crimes by fiat and without congressional approval, our system is not
much different from that of the Communists, which allegedly threatens our existence."

We see on this same document, at the bottom right-hand side of the page, as a Title, the words,

"Enormous Scope of Powers...A "Time Bomb".

Remember, this is Congress' own document, from the year 1973.

Most people might not look to agriculture to provide them with this type of information. But let
us look at Title III of the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which is also called the Emergency Farm
Mortgage Act of 1933 (Exhibit 52):

"Title III -- Financing - And Exercising Power Conferred by Section 8 of Article I of the
Constitution: To Coin Money And To Regulate the Value Thereof."

From Section 43 of Exhibit 52:

"Whenever the President finds upon investigation that the foreign commerce of the united States
is adversely affected ... and an expansion of credit is necessary to secure by international
agreement a stabilization at proper levels of the currencies of various governments, the President
is authorized, in his discretion... To direct the Secretary of the Treasury to enter into agreements
with the several Federal Reserve banks..."

Remember that in the Constitution it states that Congress has the authority to coin all money and
regulate the value thereof. How can it be then that the Executive branch is issuing an emergency
currency, and quoting the Constitution as its authority to do so?

Under Section 1 of the same Act (Exhibit 53) we find the following:

"To direct the Secretary of the Treasury to cause to be issued in such amount or amounts as he
may from time to time order, United States notes, as provided in the Act entitled "An Act to
authorize the issue of United States notes and for the redemption of funding thereof and for
funding the floating debt of the united States, approved February 25, 1862, and Acts
supplementary thereto and amendatory thereof"

What is the Act of February 25, 1862? It is the Greenback Act of President Abraham Lincoln.
Let us remember that, when Abraham Lincoln was elected and inaugurated, he didn't even have a
Congress for the first six weeks. He did not, however, call an extra session of Congress. He
issued money, he declared war, he suspended habeas corpus, it was an absolute Constitutional
dictatorship. There was not even a Congress in session for six weeks.

When Lincoln's Congress came into session six weeks later, they entered the following statement
into the Congressional record: "The actions, rules, regulations, licenses, heretofore or hereafter
taken, are hereby approved and confirmed..." This is the exact language of March 9,1933 and
Title 12, USC, Section 95 (b), today.
We now come to the question of how to terminate these extraordinary powers granted under a
declaration of national emergency. We have learned that, in order for the extraordinary powers to
be terminated, the national emergency itself must be cancelled. Reading from the Agricultural
Act, Section 13 (Exhibit 54):

"This title shall cease to be in effect whenever the President finds and proclaims that the national
economic emergency in relation to agriculture has been ended."

Whenever the President finds by proclamation that the proclamation issued on March 6, 1933
has terminated, it has to terminate through presidential proclamation just as it came into effect.
Congress had already delegated all of that authority, and therefore was in no position to take it
back.

In Senate Report 93-549, we find the following statement from Congress (Exhibit 55):

"Furthermore, it would be largely futile task unless we have the President's active collaboration.
Having delegated this authority to the President -- in ways that permit him to determine how long
it shall continue, simply through the device of keeping emergency declarations alive -- we now
find ourselves in a position where we cannot reclaim the power without the President's
acquiescence. We are unable to terminate these declarations without the President's signature, so
we need a large measure of Presidential cooperation".

It appears that no President has been willing to give up this extraordinary power, and, if they will
not sign the termination proclamation, the access to and usage of, extraordinary powers does not
terminate. At least, it has not terminated for over 60 years.

Now, that's no definite indication that a President from Bill Clinton on might not eventually sign
the termination proclamation, but 60 years of experience would lead one to doubt that day will
ever come by itself. But the question now to ask is this: How many times have We, the People,
asked the President to terminate his access to extraordinary powers, or the situation on which it is
based, the declared national emergency? Who has ever demanded that this be done? How many
of us even knew that it had been done? And, without the knowledge contained in this report, how
long do you think the blindness of the American public to this situation would have continued,
and with it, the abolishment of the Constitution? But we're not quite as in the dark as we were,
are we?

In Senate Report 93-549 (Exhibit 56), we find the following statement from Senator Church:

"These powers, if exercised, would confer upon the President total authority to do anything he
pleased."

Elsewhere in Senate Report 93-549, Senator Church makes the remarkable statement (Exhibit
57):

"Like a loaded gun laying around the house, the plethora of delegated authority and institutions
to meet almost every kind of conceivable crisis stand ready for use for purposes other than their
original intention ... Machiavelli, in his "Discourses of Livy," acknowledged that great power
may have to be given to the Executive if the State is to survive, but warned of great dangers in
doing so. He cautioned: Nor is it sufficient if this power be conferred upon good men; for men
are frail, and easily corrupted, and then in a short time, he that is absolute may easily corrupt the
people."

Now, a quote from an exclusive reply (Exhibit 58) written May 21, 1973, by the Attorney
General of the United States regarding studies undertaken by the Justice Department on the
question of the termination of the standing national emergency:

"As a consequence, a "national emergency" is now a practical necessity in order to carry out
what has the regular and normal method of governmental actions. What were intended by
Congress as delegations of power to be used only in the most extreme situations, and for the
most limited durations, have become everyday powers, and a state of "emergency" has become a
permanent condition."

From United States v. Butler (Supreme Court, 1935) (Exhibit 59):

"A tax, in the general understanding and in the strict Constitutional sense, is an exaction for the
support of government; the term does not connote the expropriation of money from one group to
be expended for another, as a necessary means in a plan of regulation, such as the plan for
regulating agricultural production set up in the Agricultural Adjustment Act."

What is being said here is that a tax can all be an exaction for the support of government, not for
an expropriation from one group for the use of another. That would be socialism, wouldn't it?

Quoting further from United States v. Butler (Exhibit 60):

"The regulation of farmer's activities under the statute, though in form subject to his own will, is
in fact coercion through economic pressure; his right of choice is illusory. Even if a farmer's
consent were purely voluntary, the Act would stand no better. At best it is a scheme for
purchasing with federal funds submission to federal regulation of a subject reserved to the
states."

Speaking of contracts, those contracts are coercion contracts. They are adhesion contracts made
by a superior over an inferior. They are under the belligerent capacity of government over
enemies. They are not valid contracts.

Again from United States v. Butler (Exhibit 61):

"If the novel view of the General Welfare Clause now advanced in support of the tax were
accepted, this clause would not only enable Congress to supplant the states in the regulation of
agriculture and all other industries as well, but would furnish the means whereby all of the other
provisions of the Constitution, sedulously framed to define and limit the powers of the United
States and preserve the powers of the states, could be broken down, the independence of the
individual states obliterated, and The Federal United States converted into a central government
exercising uncontrolled police power throughout the union superseding all local control over
local concerns."

Please, read the above paragraph again. The understanding of its meaning is vital.

The United States Supreme Court ruled the New Deal, the nationalization, unconstitutional in the
Agricultural Adjustment Act and they turned it down flat. The Supreme Court declared it to be
unconstitutional. They said, in effect, "You're turning the federal government into an
uncontrolled police state, exercising uncontrolled police power." What did Roosevelt do next?
He stacked the Supreme Court, didn't he? And in 1937, United States v. Butler was overturned.

From the 65th Congress, 1st Session Doc. 87, under the section entitled Constitutional Sources
of Laws of War, Page 7, Clause II, we find (Exhibit 62):

"The existence of war and the restoration of peace are to be determined by the political
department of the government, and such determination is binding and conclusive upon the
courts, and deprives the courts of the power of hearing proof and determining as a question of
fact either that war exists or has ceased to exist."

The courts will tell you that is a political question, for they (the courts) do not have jurisdiction
over the common law.

The courts were deprived of the Constitution. They were deprived of the common law. There are
now courts of prize over the enemies, and we have no persona standi in judicio. We have no
personal standing under the law. Also from the 65th Congress, under the section entitled
Constitutional Sources of Laws of War, we find (Exhibit 63):

"When the sovereign authority shall choose to bring it into operation, the judicial department
must give effect to its will. But until that will shall be expressed, no power of condemnation can
exist in the court."

Now remember, WE THE PEOPLE are SOVEREIGN, under the Constitution

for the united States."

From Senate Report 93-549 (Exhibit 64):

"Just how effective a limitation on crisis action this makes of the court is hard to say. In light of
the recent war, the court today would seem to be a fairly harmless observer of the emergency
activities of the President and Congress. It is highly unlikely that the separation of powers and
the 10th Amendment will be called upon again to hamstring the efforts of the government to deal
resolutely with a serious national emergency."

So much for our Constitutional system of checks and balances. And from that same Senate
Report, in the section entitled, "Emergency Administration", a continuation of Exhibit 64:
"Organizationally, in dealing with the depression, it was Roosevelt's general policy to assign
new, emergency functions to newly created agencies, rather than to already existing
departments."

Thus, thousands of "temporary" emergency agencies are now sitting out there with emergency
functions to rule us in all cases whatsoever.

Finally, let us look briefly at the courts, specifically with regard to the question of "booty". The
following definition of the term, "prize" is to be found in Bouvier's Law Dictionary (Exhibit 65):

"Goods taken on land from a public enemy are called booty; and the distinction between a prize
and booty consists in this, that the former is taken at sea and the latter on land."

This significance of the distinction between these two terms is critical, a fact which will become
quite clear shortly.

Let us now remember that "Congress shall have the power to make rules on all captures on the
land and the water." To reiterate, captures on the land are booty, and captures on the water are
prize.

Now, the Constitution says that Congress shall have the power to provide and maintain a navy,
even during peacetime. It also says that Congress shall have the power to raise and support an
army, but no appropriations of money for that purpose shall be for greater than two years. Here
we can see that an army is not a permanent standing body, because, in times of peace, armies
were held by the sovereign states as militia. So the United States had a navy during peacetime,
but no standing army; we had instead the individual state militias, both organized and
unorganized.

Consequently, the federal government had a standing prize court, due to the fact that it had a
standing navy, whether in times of peace or war. But in times of peace, there could be no federal
police power over the continental united States, because there was to be no army, and NO
jurisdiction over Sovereign American citizens!

From the report "The Law of Civil Government in Territory Subject to Military Occupation by
Military Forces of the United States", published by order of the Secretary of War in 1902, under
the heading entitled "The Confiscation of Private Property of Enemies in War" (Exhibit 66),
comes the following quote:

"4. Should the President desire to utilize the services of the Federal courts of the *united States*
in promoting this purpose or military undertaking, since these courts derive their jurisdiction
from Congress and do not constitute a part of the military establishment, they must secure from
Congress the necessary action to confer such jurisdiction upon said courts."

This means that, if the government is going to confiscate property within the continental united
States on the land (booty), it must obtain statutory authority.
In this same section (Exhibit 66), we find the following words:

"5. The laws and usages of war make a distinction between enemies' property captured on the sea
and property captured on land. The jurisdiction of the courts of the united States over property
captured at sea is held not to attach to property captured on land in the absence of Congressional
action."

There is no standing prize court over the land. Once war is declared, Congress must give
jurisdiction to particular courts over captures on the land by positive Congressional action. To
continue with (Exhibit 66):

"The right of confiscation is a sovereign right. In times of peace, the exercise of this right is
limited and controlled by the domestic Constitution and institutions of the government. In times
of war, when the right is exercised against enemies' property as a war measure, such right
becomes a belligerent right, and as such is not subject to the restrictions imposed by domestic
institutions, but is regulated and controlled by the laws and usages of war."

So we see that our government can operate in two capacities: (a) in its sovereign peacetime
capacity, with the limitations placed upon it by the Constitution and restrictions placed upon it by
We, the People, or (b) in a wartime capacity, where it may operate in its belligerent capacity
governed not by the Constitution, but only by the laws of war.

In Section 1 7 of the Act of October 6, 1 91 7, the Trading With the Enemy Act (Exhibit 67):

"That the district courts of the United States are hereby given jurisdiction to make and enter all
such rules as to notice and otherwise; and all such orders and decrees; and to issue such process
as may be necessary and proper in the premises to enforce the provisions of this Act."

Here we have Congress conferring upon the district courts of the United States the booty
jurisdiction, the jurisdiction over enemy property within the continental united States. And at the
time of the original, unamended, Trading with the Enemy Act, we were indeed at war, a World
war, and so booty jurisdiction over enemies' property in the courts was appropriate. At that time,
remember, we were not yet declared the enemy. We were excluded from the provisions of the
original Act.

In 1934 Congress passed an Act merging equity and law abolishing common law. This Act,
known as the Federal Rules of Civil Procedures Act, was not to come into effect until 6 months
after the letter of transmittal from the Supreme Court to Congress. The Supreme Court refused
transmittal and the transmittal did not occur until Franklin D. Roosevelt stacked the Supreme
Court in 1938 (Exhibits 67(a) and (b)).

But on March the 9th of 1933, the American people were declared to be the public enemy under
the amended version of the Trading With the Enemy Act. What jurisdiction were We, the People,
then placed under? We were now the booty jurisdiction given to the district courts by Congress.
It was no longer be necessary , or of any value at all, to bring the Constitution for the United
States with us upon entering a courtroom, for that court was no longer a court of common law,
but a tribunal under wartime booty jurisdiction. Take a look at the American flag in most
American courtrooms. The gold fringe around our flag designates Admiralty jurisdiction.

Executive Order No. 11677 issued by President Richard M. Nixon August 1, 1972 (Exhibit 68)
states:

"Continuing the Regulation of Exports; By virtue of the authority vested in the President by the
Constitution and statutes of the United States, including Section 5 (b) of the Act of October 6,
1917, as amended (12 U.S.C. 95a), and in view of the continued existence of the national
emergencies..."

Later, in the same Executive Order (Exhibit 69), we find the following:

under the authority vested in me as President of the United States by Section 5 (b) of the Act of
October 6, 1917, as amended (12 U. S. C. 95a)

Section 5 (b) certainly seems to be an oft-cited support for Presidential authority, doesn't it?
Surely the reason for this can be found by referring back to Exhibit 49, the words of Mr.
Katzenbach in Senate Report 93-549:

"My recollection is that almost every executive order ever issued straddles on several grounds,
but it almost always includes the Trading With the Enemy Act because the language of that act is
so broad, it would justify almost anything."

The question here, and it should be a question of grave concern to every Sovereign American, is
what type of acts can "almost anything" cover? What has been, and is being, done, by our
government under the cloak of authority conferred by Section 5 (b)? By now, I think we are
beginning to know.

Has the termination of the national emergency ever been considered? In Public Law 94412,
September 14, 1976 (Exhibit 70), we find that Congress had finally finished their exhaustive
study on the national emergencies, and the words of their findings were that they would
terminate the existing national emergencies. We should be able to heave a sigh of relief at this
decision, for with the termination of the national emergencies will come the corresponding
termination of extraordinary Presidential power, won't it?

But yet we have learned two difficult lessons: that we are still in the national emergency, and that
power, once grasped, is difficult to let go. And so now it should come as no surprise when we
read, in the last section of the Act, Section 502 (Exhibit 71), the following words:

"(a): The provisions of this Act shall not apply to the following provisions of law, the powers
and authorities conferred thereby and actions taken thereunder (1) Section 5 (b) of the Act of
October 6, 1917, as amended (1 2 U. S. C. 95a; 50 U. S. C. App. 5b)"

The bleak reality is, the situation has not changed at all.
The alarming situation in which We, the People, find ourselves today causes us to think back to a
time over two hundred years ago in our nation's history when our forefathers were also laboring
under the burden of governmental usurpation of individual rights. Their response, written in
1774, two years before the signing of the Declaration of Independence, to the attempts of Great
Britain to retain extraordinary powers it had held during a time of war became known as the "
Declaration Of Colonial Rights: Resolutions Of The First Continental Congress, October 14,
1774" (Exhibit 72). And in that document, we find these words:

"Whereas, since the close of the last war, the British Parliament, claiming a power of right to
bind the people of America, by statute, in all cases whatsoever, hath in some acts expressly
imposed taxes on them. and in others, under various pretenses, but in fact for the purpose of
raising a revenue, hath imposed rates and duties payable in these colonies established a board of
commissioners, with unconstitutional powers, and extended the jurisdiction of the courts of
admiralty, not only for collecting the said duties, but for the trial of causes merely arising within
the body of a county."

We can see now that we have come full circle to the situation which existed in 1774, but with
one crucial difference. In 1774, Americans were protesting against a colonial power which
sought to bind and control its colony by wartime powers in a time of peace. In 1994, it is our
own government (as it was theirs) which has sought, successfully to date, to bind its own people
by the same subtle, insidious method.

Article 3, Section 3, of our Constitution states:

"Treason against the united States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering
to their Enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No Person shall be convicted of treason unless on
the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court."

Is the Act of March 9, 1933, treason? That would be for the common law courts to decide. At
this point in our nation's history, the point is moot, for common law, and indeed the Constitution
itself, do not operate or exist at present. Whether governmental acts of theft of the nation's
money, the citizens' property, and American liberty as an ideal and a reality which have occurred
since 1933 is treason against the people of the united States, as the term is defined by the
Constitution of the united States cannot even be determined or argued in the legal sense until the
Constitution itself is reestablished.

For our part, however, we firmly believe that, "by their fruits ye shall know
them", and on that authority we rest our case.

CONCLUSION
As you have just witnessed, the United States of America continues to exist in a governmentally
ordained state of national emergency. Under such a state of emergency, our Constitution has
been set aside, ostensibly for the public good, until the emergency is cancelled.

But, as experience painfully shows, it has not been to the public's good that our government has
used its unrestricted power, unhampered by the Constitution's restraining force. The
governmental edicts and actions over the past six decades have led us to the desperate state in
which we find ourselves today. Besieged on every side, corroding from within, frightened and in
despair, we as a nation are being torn asunder.

There IS a national emergency today - one of life and death proportions - but it is NOT the
emergency used by our government to continue its abuse of power. It IS this very abuse, this
unbridled rape of the American spirit, that is the crux of the emergency we are in today, the
cause of all the loss of hope, drug and alcohol addiction, irresponsibility in morality and ethics,
lack of respect for life, and violence. But this true emergency cannot be cured by setting aside
the Constitution; no, it can only be controlled by returning to the laws of God and Country which
have been stolen from us by those in whom we placed our trust to protect the national interest.

We are a nation whose government is based upon those immortal words, "a government of the
people, by the people, for the people". One has only to walk down the highways and byways of
this great land to know all too well that this is not a government of the people or for the people.
Actions speak louder than words, and the actions taken over the past decades have resulted in an
unparalleled decline of American economic and political power, and a weakening of American
values and spirit.

This is NOT a crisis in which the taking up of arms is the best answer. No, this is a situation in
which we firmly believe that the pen will be mightier than the sword.

That a state of emergency exists cannot be disputed. That the emergency is one which should
concern every American alive cannot be denied. That we must stand together, laying aside our
individual differences, to fight the common foe, is of vital importance, for the time to act is now.

But this is not a battle of swords, but of knowledge, for only when the deception is exposed to
the light of day can the healing process begin.

Truth stands tall in the light of day, and it is the truth we bring to you today. Let it be known and
understood that it is our intention to make this information available to every concerned
Sovereign American who desires to know the true State of the Union. This is an undertaking of
immense proportions, but we have dedicated ourselves to bringing this information to the light of
day, and with the help of "We, the People", we will be successful in our efforts.

Every American who is thankful for the opportunity to call themselves American must also
accept the responsibility that comes with that title. We the People have not only a right, but a
responsibility to each other, to those who have gone before us and and to those who will follow,
to learn what our government is doing, and to judge whether actions taken benefit the people
who will bear the costs.
We have been in the dark long enough, content to rest on our past glories and let the government
take its course. In a way, we have been like children, trusting in our parents to act in our best
interest. But as we have too frequently seen in the nightly news, not all parents have their
children's best interest at heart.

The time has come for us to take off our blinders and accept reality, for the time of national
reckoning has arrived. The majority of our elected and appointed officials are no more
responsible for the current state of affairs than are we. The strings are being manipulated at far
higher levels than the positions most officials occupy. They are working with little knowledge or
authority, trying to control problems far bigger than even they realize.

Their programs and actions may seek to cure the symptoms, but the time has now come to attack
the disease. They are no more guilty than we are, nor will they be any more protected when the
nation collapses on us all.

If we blame them for this national emergency, we must also truly blame ourselves, for it is "We,
the People" to whom this nation was given and whose duty it was to keep a watchful eye on
those who direct the sails of the ship of state. We have, however, fallen asleep, and while we
were dreaming the American dream, a band of pirates stole the Constitution and put our people
into slavery.

And since that terrible day when our Constitution was cast aside, not one President or Congress,
nor one Supreme Court justice has been able or willing to return it to its rightful owners. Given
the current state of the union, there is no reason to expect this situation to change unless we
ourselves cause it to be so.

Let us put the childish emotions of pity and self-deception away, stand up, stand together and
fight back. Now is the time to stop dreaming, and start the long work before us. Now is the time
to turn back to the principles and ideals on which this nation was founded, the strong foundation
from which our national identity springs.

When does tolerance become anarchy? When does protection become slavery? When is enough
enough? Now is when here and now.

Now is the time to return to the laws set forth by God, and throw off these chains of ignorance
and bondage which grip our nation to the point of death. Let us return to the source, the standard
of excellence set for us long ago.

Our message to Congress and all elected and appointed officials must be, "Let my people go!",
for we are all laboring under a system which will eventually crush us, regardless of our religion,
our sex, or the color of our skin.

We must let those at all levels of governmental authority know that we have learned of the
deception which lies at the core of our national malaise. We must tell them in no uncertain terms
that we will tolerate this great lie no longer, and we must put them on notice that we expect them
to resign if they have not the courage and the resolve to help this nation in its hour of need.
We have been fools long enough. Beginning today, no matter how long after that date you see
this report, start each and every week without fail to give a copy of this information to at least
one person you know. We also ask you to write a letter to Congress telling them to "Let our
People go", or you can use the form letter you will find enclosed in the report.

We must let our elected officials know that we expect them as servants of the people to help us
re-establish law and order and restore our national pride. They must repeal Proclamation 2039,
2040, and the 12 USC 95(a) and 95(b), thereby cancelling the National Emergency, and re-
establish the Constitution for this Nation.

Now is the time for excellence of action. We demand it and will accept nothing less. This is our
country, to protect and defend, no matter the cost.

To do nothing, out of fear or apathy, is exactly what those in power are hoping for, for it is
ignorance and apathy that the darkness likes best. We must not be a party to the darkness
enveloping our nation any longer. We must come into the light, and give our every drop of
blood, sweat and tears to bring our nation back with us.

We must acknowledge that if we do nothing, if we are not willing to act now and act boldly,
without fear but with faith and a firm resolve, our freedom to act at all may soon be taken away
altogether. New bills, new laws are being presented daily which will effectively serve to tighten
the chains of bondage already encircling this nation.

My friends, we are not going into slavery we are already there! Make no mistake those in power
are already tightening the chains, but they are doing so slowly, quietly and with great caution, for
fear of awakening the slumbering lion which is the voice of the American people.

There is yet still time for us to slip loose the chains which bind us, and for us to bring about the
restoration of this nation.

If we act, if we make our concerns known and shout out our refusal to accept the future which
has been planned for us by those who hold no allegiance to this great land of ours, we can yet
demand and see come to pass the day when the state of emergency is cancelled and the
Constitution is restored to her rightful place as the watchdog of those for whom absolute power
corrupts absolutely.

If we repent of our ignorance and our apathy, and return to the God-given laws on which this
nation was founded, we may yet be free. Indeed, one can find Gods promise in the book of
Second Chronicles Chapter 7 Verse 14:"If my people which are called by my Name, shall
humble themselves, and pray, and seek my face, and turn from their wicked ways; THEN will I
hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin, AND WILL HEAL THEIR LAND." (emphasis
added)

We will continue to hold meetings and offer this information until everyone in America has had
an opportunity to hear it and we have set our nation free.
We will not tolerate less. We are Sovereign American Citizens and that means far more than
most of us realize.

If at first it seems you are working alone, do not give up, for as this information spreads across
the land to the great cities and small towns, you will find yourself in excellent company. You
already are as only one, for behind you stand all the heroes of our history who fought and died to
keep this nation free.

Again, we must stress that we are not asking you to pick up guns; in fact, we implore you not
to, no matter how angry the news of this deception has made you. Turn your anger into a
steely resolve, a fierce determination not to give up until the battle has been won.

We are not asking you for any money; that's their game, the "almighty dollar". It is the
substitution of wealth and possessions for integrity and honor that helped get us into this true
state of emergency in which we find ourselves now. We are not asking you for more time than
you can give, although we do ask you to give what time you can to get this information out.

What we ask from you is your commitment to stand with those around you to help us restore this
nation to her rightful place in history, both that written and that yet to be told. Abraham Lincoln
once said, "We the People are the rightful masters of both Congress and the Courts, not to
overthrow the Constitution, but to overthrow the men who pervert the Constitution".

We must stand together now in this, our national hour of need. As the United States Supreme
Court once said, "It is not the function of our government to keep the citizen from
falling into error; it is the function of the citizen to keep the government from
falling into error."

Each individual, their attitudes and actions, forges their own special link in the great chain
of history. Now is the time to add to that precious inheritance of honor and duty which has kept
America alive, because the choices we make and the actions we take today are a part of history
too - history not yet written.

The vision for America has not died; the "land of the free and the home of the brave" still
exists. There is still time to turn the tide for this great land, but we must join together to make it
happen. We have a debt of honor to the past and the future, a call to glory to rescue our
homeland from the hands of those who would see her fall. We cannot, we must not fail.

Please volunteer and join our ranks. It is our responsibility as Sovereign People to commit
ourselves to the restoration of our Constitutional Republic. Do you have what it takes?