Micro Organisms Reviewer

Micro Organisms - Section 1 B.

Darwin and Woese

1. The phospholipids present in cytoplasm
membrane of the archaeo-bacteria is C. Van Leeuenhoek and Ricketts
A. phosphoglycerides D. Berg and Hooke

B. polyisoprenoid Answer: Option A

Explanation:
C. polyisoprenoid branched chain lipids No answer description available for this
question. Let us discuss.
D. none of the above View Answer Discuss in
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Answer: Option C
Explanation:
No answer description available for this
question. Let us discuss. 5. The unifying feature of the archaea that distinguishes them
View Answer Discuss in A. habitats which are extreme environments with regard
B. absence of a nuclear membrane temperature
2. The oldest eukaryotic organisms are considered C. presence of a cell wall containing a characteristic out
to be
D. cytoplasmic ribosomes that are 70S
A. diplomonads like Giardia
Answer: Option B
B. archaea Explanation:
No answer description available for this question. Let us di
C. fungi View Answer Discuss in Forum Workspace Report
6. Mycoplasmas are different from the other prokaryotes by
D. animals A. presence of chitin in cell walls
Answer: Option B
Explanation: B. presence of murrain in cell walls
question. Let us discuss. C. presence of proteins in cell walls
View Answer Discuss in
D. absence of cell wall itself
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
3. The phospholipids present in cytoplasm No answer description available for this question. Let us di
membrane of eubacteria is mainly View Answer Discuss in Forum Workspace Report
A. phosphoglycerides
B. polyisoprenoid 7. Evolutionary relationships between groups of

organisms are determined using which of the
C. phospholipoprotein following type of information?
A. Comparisons of nucleotide sequences
D. none of these
Answer: Option A B. Comparisons of biochemical pathways
Explanation:
No answer description available for this C. Comparisons of structural features
D. All of the above
Forum Workspace Report Answer: Option D
Explanation:
4. Which were the investigators lived at the same question. Let us discuss.
time? View Answer Discuss in
A. Koch and Pasteur
8. Which of the following is not true for eukaryotic 11. Which of the following is considered the most unifying conc
cells? A. Taxonomy
A. Nucleus is bounded by nuclear membrane
B. Anatomy
B. Chromosomes contain histones
C. Genetics
Chloroplasts and mitochondria contains
C. D. Evolution
70S ribosomes
Answer: Option D
D. Gas vacuoles are present
Explanation:
Answer: Option D No answer description available for this question. Let us di
Explanation: View Answer Discuss in Forum Workspace Report
View Answer Discuss in 12. Various bacterial species can be subdivided into
A. subspecies
B. biovarieties
9. Which of the following is not true for prokaryotic
organism? C. serovarieties
Nucleus is not bounded by nuclear
A. D. all of these
membrane
Answer: Option D
B. Chromosomes does not contain histones Explanation:
C. 80S ribosomes are distributed in cytoplasm question. Let us discuss.
Cell wall contains peptidoglycan as one of Forum Workspace Report
D.
the major component
Answer: Option C
Explanation: 13. Living organisms have many complex
No answer description available for this characteristics. Which one of the following is
question. Let us discuss. shared by non-living matter as well?
Forum Workspace Report A. Homeostasis
B. Tissues
10. Gram staining was introduced by C. Reproduction
A. Christian gram
D. Molecules
B. Alfred Gram Answer: Option D
Explanation:
C. Robertcook No answer description available for this
D. Louis Pasteur View Answer Discuss in
Answer: Option A Forum Workspace Report
Explanation:
No answer description available for this question. Let us discuss.
View Answer Discuss in Forum Workspace Report 14. A newly discovered microscopic structure is
hypothesized to be a living organism. Which of
the following lines of evidence would support the
contention that this organism may be alive?
A. It contains DNA
B. It is made of a single cell

C. It utilizes energy B. Animal behaviour
D. All of these C. Fungi

Answer: Option C D. Algae
Explanation:
No answer description available for this Answer: Option B
question. Let us discuss. Explanation:
View Answer Discuss in No answer description available for this
Forum Workspace Report question. Let us discuss.
15. Mycoplasmas, rickettsiae, and chlamydiae are
A. types of fungi
19. A characteristic of protein synthesis in both the
B. small bacteria archaea and eukarya is
A. transcription and translation are coupled
C. species of protozoa
B. translation is inhibited by diphtheria toxin
D. forms of viruses
proteins are synthesized from D-, rather
Answer: Option B C.
than L-, isomers of amino acids
Explanation:
No answer description available for this question. Let us discuss. the initiator tRNA is charged with N-formyl-
View Answer Discuss in Forum Workspace Report D.
methionine
16. Which of the following structure is absent in eukaryotic cells?
Answer: Option C
A. Mitochondria Explanation:
B. Chloroplasts
C. Golgi structure View Answer Discuss in
D. Mesosome
Answer: Option D
Explanation: 20. Cell theory includes all of the following except
A. all organisms are composed of one or more cells
View Answer Discuss in Forum Workspace Report
B. the cell is the most primitive form of life
17. Who was the inventor of the Petri dish? C. the cell is the structural unit of life
A. R.J. Petri, an assistant of R. Koch D. cells arise by division of preexisting cells
B. A famous French cook Answer: Option B

Explanation:
C. Italian glass blower from Petri, Italy No answer description available for this question. Let us di
21. The five-kingdom system of classification was set up by
D. None of the above A. Louis Pasteur
Answer: Option A
Explanation: B. Robert Whittaker
question. Let us discuss. C. Robert Koch
View Answer Discuss in D. Masaki Ogata
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
18. Which one is not studied in microbiology?
A. Bacteria
22. The membranes of which domains are chemically C. sexual reproduction
the most similar?
A. Archaea and Bacteria D. locomotion
Answer: Option C
B. Bacteria and Eukarya Explanation:
C. Eukarya and Archaea
26. Which of the following structures is the smallest?
membranes of all three domains are A. Viriod
D.
chemically identical
Answer: Option B B. Hydrogen atom
Explanation:
C. Bacterium
question. Let us discuss. D. Mitochondrion
Forum Workspace Report Answer: Option B
Explanation:
23. Primary differences between cilia and flagella are
A. arrangement of microtubules
27. Which of the following is/are included in
B. length and location of basal bodies
Kingdom Prokaryotae?
how the microtubules are fused to each A. Bacteria
C.
other
B. Protozoa
D. number, length and direction of force
C. Fungi
Answer: Option D
Explanation: D. All of these
question. Let us discuss. Answer: Option A
View Answer Discuss in Explanation:
Forum Workspace Report No answer description available for this
24. All membranes of free-living organisms have
phospholipid bilayers, but exception is
A. bacteria 28. Which of the following may account for the small
size of the cells?
B. fungi
A. The rate of diffusion
C. archaea
B. The surface area/volume ratio
D. protozoa
The number of mRNAs that can be
Answer: Option C C.
produced by the nucleus
Explanation:
No answer description available for this D. All of the above
View Answer Discuss in Answer: Option D
Forum Workspace Report Explanation:
25. All of the following are features of prokaryotes except Forum Workspace Report
A. nitrogen fixation
B. photosynthesis
29. Genetic and biochemical similarities between
contemporary cyanobacteria and eukaryotic question. Let us discuss.
chloroplasts are accepted to mean that View Answer Discuss in
A. eukaryotes evolved from bacteria
B. eukaryotes evolved from archaea

33. Most microbial structures and enzymes are
oxygenic photosynthesis first evolved in composed of
C.
eukaryotes
A. lipids
cyanobacteria arose from chloroplasts
D. B. proteins
which escaped from plant cells
Answer: Option B C. carbohydrates
Explanation:
No answer description available for this D. lipids and carbohydrates
question. Let us discuss. Answer: Option B
30. Which of the following best represents the hierarchy of levels of
Forum
biological
Workspace
classification?
Report
A. Phylum, kingdom, class, order, genus, species, family
B. Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species 34. The individual best remembered for bringing
microbes to the world is
C. Kingdom, phylum, family, class, order, genus, species
A. Robert Hooke
D. Class, order, kingdom, phylum, family, genus, species
B. Antony Van Leeuenhoek
Answer: Option B
Explanation: C. Robert Koch
31. The three domain version of life on earth is based on the D. Masaki Ogata
A. nucleic acid sequence data Answer: Option B
Explanation:
B. morphological traits No answer description available for this
C. metabolic traits View Answer Discuss in
D. characteristics of the cell wall
Answer: Option A
Explanation: 35. Micro organisms are found in which of the
following kingdom of five kingdom concept
View Answer Discuss in Forum Workspace Report (Whittaker's classification)?
A. Monera
32. The foundation for the germ theory of disease B. Protista
was set down by
A. Robert Koch C. Fungi
B. Ronald Ross D. All of these

Answer: Option D
C. Louis Pasteur Explanation:
D. Walter Reed question. Let us discuss.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
36. The first organism in most natural food chains is B. Robert Koch
A. a herbivore
C. Louis Pasteur
B. a decomposer
D. Rudolf Virchow
C. photosynthetic Answer: Option B
Explanation:
D. carnivorous
Answer: Option A question. Let us discuss.
Explanation: View Answer Discuss in
No answer description available for this Forum Workspace Report
40. Prokaryotic microorganism include
A. protozoa
37. The third kingdom, protista, as suggested by E.H.
B. fungi
Haeckel includes
A. bacteria C. bacteria
B. algae D. all of these

Answer: Option C
C. fungi
Explanation:
D. all of these No answer description available for this question. Let us di
41. All the following are basic properties of cells except
Answer: Option D
A. cells have nuclei and mitochondria
Explanation:
No answer description available for this B. cells have a genetic programme and the means to us
View Answer Discuss in C. cells are capable of producing more of themselves
D. cells are able to respond to stimuli
Answer: Option A
38. Eukaryotic cell organelles first emerged Explanation:
from a specialized lineage of cells within No answer description available for this question. Let us di
A. View Answer Discuss in Forum Workspace Report
the kingdom Protista
when prokaryotes engulfed each other and

B.
became interdependent 42. Which of the following microorganisms is
classified as a member of archaebacteria?
when bacteria made their first attempts at
C. A. Gyanobacteria
reproduction
just before the origin of the animal and B. Methanobacteria

D.
fungal kingdoms
C. Trichomonads
Answer: Option B
Explanation: D. Mycoplasma
39. Who discovered the bacteria that cause cholera?
A. Pierre Berthelot
43. The idea of selective toxicity was first proposed
by traditional bacteria are placed in the
A. Antony van Leeuwenhoek A. eukarya
B. Paul Ehrlich B. archaea
C. Louis Pasteur C. eubacteria
D. Alexander Fleming D. none of these

Answer: Option B Answer: Option C
Explanation: Explanation:
No answer description available for this No answer description available for this
question. Let us discuss. question. Let us discuss.
View Answer Discuss in View Answer Discuss in
Forum Workspace Report Forum Workspace Report
44. Which of the following sequences has helped in 47. One of the reasons for the evolutionary success
identifying eukaryotes, eubacteria and of the kingdom Monera is that its members are
archeabacterial cell types? nutritionally diverse. Which of the following(s)
A. Signature sequence is/are the way(s) of obtaining energy?
A. Photoautotrophy
B. Signal sequence
B. Photoheterotrophy
C. Shine-Dalgarno sequence
C. Chemoheterotrophy
D. Amino acid sequence
D. All of the above
Answer: Option A
Explanation: Answer: Option D
No answer description available for this Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. No answer description available for this
View Answer Discuss in question. Let us discuss.
Forum Workspace Report View Answer Discuss in
45. Archeal cells usually do not contain

peptidoglycan, rather contain pseudo- 48. Carl Woese and his colleague are best known for
peptidoglycan which is mainly composed of establishing
A. N-acetylmuramic acid and L-amino acids A. the five kingdom system
B. N-acetylmuramic acid and D-amino acids B. the three domain system
N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid and D-amino C. the prokaryote-eukaryote system

C.
acids
D. the plant-animal system
N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid and L-amino Answer: Option B
D.
acids
Explanation:
Answer: Option D No answer description available for this
Explanation: question. Let us discuss.
No answer description available for this View Answer Discuss in
question. Let us discuss. Forum Workspace Report
49. Which of the following is not found in the kingdom

Monera?
A. Organelles
46. In the three domain system of classification, the
B. Organized cell structure A. Study of viruses
C. Ability to reproduce B. Study of nucleic acid
D. Ability to use energy C. Study of bacteria

Answer: Option A
D. Study of fungi
Explanation:
No answer description available for this Answer: Option D
50. Which of the following is the most primitive?
A. Virus
54. Which of the following organelles contain DNA,
divides and possesses some degree of
B. Eukaryote
autonomy?
C. Archaeon A. Golgi apparatus
D. Mitochondria B. Ribosome
Answer: Option C
C. Chloroplast
Explanation:
D. Peroxisomes
51. All the following are considered eukaryotes except
Answer: Option C
A. archaea
Explanation:
B. fungi No answer description available for this
C. protozoa View Answer Discuss in
D. humans
Answer: Option A
Explanation: 55. All of the following individuals contributed to cell theory exc
A. Robert Hooke
B. Matthias Schleiden
52. Which cell type is considered to have the oldest C. Theodor Schwann
ancestor? D. Rudolf Virchow
A. Archaea Answer: Option A
Explanation:
B. Bacteria
C. Eukarya 56. Eukaryotic micro organisms include
A. protozoa
D. they all share the same ancestor
Answer: Option D B. fungi
Explanation:
No answer description available for this C. algae
question. Let us discuss. D. all of these
Forum Workspace Report Answer: Option D
Explanation:
53. What is Mycology?
B. Theodor Schwann
57. The binomial name of a microbe is composed of
C. Louis Pasteur
A. its kingdom and genus names
D. Ronald Ross
B. its genus name and a species modifier
Answer: Option A
C. its family and class names Explanation:
D. its genus and species names 61. What are Blue-Green bacteria called?
Answer: Option B A. Acquaobacteria
Explanation:
No answer description available for this B. Cyanobacteria
C. Protozoa
Forum Workspace Report D. None of the above
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
58. Which of the following is a characteristic unique to
the ciliates?
A. Use of cilia as a sensory function
Presence of both a macronucleus and

B. 62. The endosymbiosis hypothesis provides an
several micronuclei
explanation for how
C. Both (a) and (b) A. eukaryotes developed from prokayotes
D. Possess a light-detecting eye spot B. prokaryotes developed from eukaryotes

Answer: Option C
C. algae developed from protozoa
Explanation:
No answer description available for this D. protozoa developed from algae
View Answer Discuss in Answer: Option A
59. Which of the following structure is present in
prokaryotic cells?
A. Mitochondria
63. The Archaea include all of the following except
B. Chloroplasts
A. methanogens
C. Golgi structure
B. halophiles
D. Mesosome
C. thermoacidophiles
Answer: Option D
Explanation: D. cyanobacteria
question. Let us discuss. Answer: Option D
60. The word cell was first used by
A. Robert Hooke
Bacteria Morphology - Section 1 A. keratin
1. Which of the following bacteria lack a cell wall and
are therefore resistant to penicillin? B. flagellin
A. Cyanobacteria C. gelatin
B. Mycoplasmas D. casein
C. Bdellovibrios Answer: Option B

Explanation:
D. Spirochetes No answer description available for this
Answer: Option B View Answer Discuss in
Explanation: Forum Workspace Report
Forum Workspace Report 5. The cooci which mostly occur in single or pairs are
A. Streptococci
2. A cluster of polar flagella is called B. Diplococci
A. lophotrichous C. Tetracocci
B. amphitrichous D. None of these
C. monotrichous Answer: Option B

Explanation:
D. petritrichous No answer description available for this question. Let us di
Answer: Option A 6. Which of the following may contain fimbriae?
Explanation:
No answer description available for this A. Gram-positive bacteria
View Answer Discuss in B. Gram-negative bacteria
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. None of these
3. Flagella move the cell by
Answer: Option B
many flagella beating in a synchronous, Explanation:
A.
whip-like motion No answer description available for this question. Let us di
an individual flagellum beating in a whip-
B.
like motion
C. spinning like a propeller 7. Peptidoglycan accounts for __________ of the

dry weight of cell wall in many gram positive
attaching to nearby particles and bacteria
D.
contracting A. 50% or more
Answer: Option C
Explanation: B. About 10%
C. 11%+ 0.22%
View Answer Discuss in D. About 20%
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
4. The protein from which hook and filaments of
flagella are composed of, is
Forum Workspace Report Answer: Option A
Explanation:
8. Bacteria having no flagella are unable to View Answer Discuss in Forum Workspace Report
A. move
B. reproduce 12. Peptidoglycan is also known as

A. N-acetyl muramic acid
C. stick to tissue surfaces
B. murein mucopeptide
D. grow in nutrient agar
Answer: Option A C. N acetylglucosamine
Explanation:
No answer description available for this D. mesodiaminopimetic acid
9. Which of the following is true about cell wall of Forum Workspace Report
gram-positive bacteria?
A. It consists of multiple layers
13. Genetic system is located in the prokaryotes in
It is thicker than that associated with gram- A. nucleoid
B.
negative bacteria
B. chromatin
C. It contains teichoic acids
C. nuclear material
D. All of these
D. all of these
Answer: Option D
Explanation: Answer: Option D
10. The cell walls of many gram positive bacteria can be easily destroyed by the enzyme known as
A. lipase 14. Which is most likely to be exposed on the surface
of a gram-negative bacterium?
B. lysozyme A. Pore protein (porin)
C. pectinase B. Protein involved in energy generation
D. peroxidase C. Lipoteichoic acid
Answer: Option B
Explanation: D. Phospholipids
Answer: Option A
11. The cell wall of Explanation:
A. gram-positive bacteria are thicker than gram-negative bacteria
B. gram-negative bacteria are thicker than gram-positive bacteria
C. both have same thickness but composition is different
D. none of these 15. The last step in synthesis of peptidoglycan is

A. attachment of a peptide to muramic acid presence of chemical compound
attaching two amino acids to form a cross- D. none of the above

B.
link Answer: Option C
Explanation:
attachment of a portion of peptidoglycan to
C. No answer description available for this
a membrane lipid
D. binding of penicillin to a membrane protein View Answer Discuss in
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. 19. The structure responsible for motility of bacteria is
View Answer Discuss in A. pilli
B. flagella
16. Cytoplasmic inclusions include C. sheath

A. ribosomes D. capsules
B. mesosomes Answer: Option B
Explanation:
C. fat globules No answer description available for this
D. all of these View Answer Discuss in
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. 20. The next to last step in peptidoglycan
View Answer Discuss in biosynthesis is
Forum Workspace Report A. synthesis of the NAM-peptide subunit
B. removal of the subunit from bactoprenol

17. The cocci which forms a bunch and irregular
pattern are linking the sugar of the disaccharide-
C. peptide unit to the growing peptidoglycan
A. Staphylococci chain
B. diplococci cross-linking the peptide side chains of
D.
peptidoglycan
C. Tetracocci
Answer: Option C
D. Streptococci Explanation:
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
21. The cocci which forms a chain is
A. Streptococci
18. Chemotaxis is a phenomenon of
B. diplococci
A. swimming away of bacteria
C. Staphylococci
B. swimming towards a bacteria
D. Tetracocci
C. swimming away or towards of bacteria in
Answer: Option A
View Answer Discuss in 25. The common word for bacteria which are helically
Forum Workspace Report curved rods is
A. cooci
22. The arrangement, in which flagella are distributed B. pleomorphic
all round the bacterial cell, is known as
A. lophotrichous C. bacillus
B. amphitrichous D. spirilla
Answer: Option D
C. peritrichous Explanation:
D. monotrichous
Answer: Option C View Answer Discuss in
View Answer Discuss in 26. The bacteria deficient in cell wall is
A. Treponema
B. Mycoplasma
23. Periplasm is
C. Staphylococcus
the area between the inner and outer
A.
membranes of gram-negative bacteria D. Klebsiella
the area between the inner and outer Answer: Option B
B. Explanation:
membranes of Gram-positive bacteria
C. the interior portion of mitochondria question. Let us discuss.
the area outside the cell membrane that is Forum Workspace Report
D.
influenced by the polymers
Answer: Option A
Explanation: 27. Which of the following is not true about
No answer description available for this peptidoglycan?
It is a polymer consisting of N-acetyl
A. glucosamine, N-acetyl muramic acid and
amino acids (alanine, lysine, etc.)
B. It is present in prokaryotic cell wall

24. Which of the following has peptidoglycan as a
major constituent of cell wall? It occurs in the form of a bag shaped
C. macro molecule surrounding the cytoplasm
A. Gram-negative bacteria
membrane
B. Gram-positive bacteria
D. None of the above
C. Fungi Answer: Option D
Explanation:
D. None of these No answer description available for this
Answer: Option B question. Let us discuss.
28. The common word for bacteria which are C. lipids
spherical in shape is
A. cocci D. all of these
Answer: Option D
B. bacilli Explanation:
C. spirilla
D. pleomorphic View Answer Discuss in
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. 32. Gram positive cells have a
View Answer Discuss in second outer membrane that helps to
Forum Workspace Report A.
retain the crystal violet stain
multiple layer of peptidoglycan that helps to

B.
29. Single or clusters of flagella at both poles is retain the crystal violet stain
known as
thick capsule that traps the crystal violet
C.
A. monotrichous stain
B. petritrichous periplasmic space that traps the crystal

D.
violet
C. amphitrichous
Answer: Option B
D. none of these Explanation:
Answer: Option C question. Let us discuss.
33. The common word for bacteria which are straight
rod in shape is
30. Which of the following bacterial genera (that A. cooci
produces endospore) have medical importance?
B. bacilli
A. Clostridium
C. spirilla
B. Bacillus
D. pleomorphic
C. Both (a) and (b)
Answer: Option B
D. None of these Explanation:
34. A single polar flagella is known as
A. monotrichous
31. Microcapsules are composed of
B. lophotrichous
A. proteins
C. amphitrichous
B. polysaccharides
D. none of these
Answer: Option A View Answer Discuss in
View Answer Discuss in 38. Which of the following is exposed on the outer
Forum Workspace Report surface of a gram-negative bacterium?
A. O-antigen of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
35. Teichoic acids are typically found in Polysaccharide portion of lipoteichoic acid
B.
A. cell walls of gram positive bacteria (LTA)
B. outer membranes of gram positive bacteria C. Braun lipoprotein
C. cell walls of gram negative bacteria D. Electron transport system components

Answer: Option A
outer membranes of gram negative
D. Explanation:
bacteria
Forum Workspace Report 39. Which of the following does not contain protein?
A. Pili
36. In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes are
B. Flagellum
A. 70S
C. Lipoteichoic acid
B. 60S
D. Porin
C. 80S
Answer: Option C
D. Not specific Explanation:
40. Swimming towards a chemical of bacteria is
termed as
37. Porins are located in A. positive chemotaxis
the outer membrane of gram-negative B. negative chemotaxis
A.
bacteria
C. phototaxis
the peptidoglycan layer of gram-positive
B.
bacteria D. magnetotaxis
the cytoplasmic membrane of both gram- Answer: Option A

C. Explanation:
negative and gram-positive bacteria
the periplasmic space of gram-negative question. Let us discuss.
D. View Answer Discuss in
bacteria
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
41. Chemically the capsule may be C. Mycoplasma
A. polypeptide
D. Bacillius
B. polysaccharide Answer: Option C
Explanation:
C. either (a) or (b)
D. none of these question. Let us discuss.
Answer: Option C Forum Workspace Report
Explanation:
View Answer Discuss in 45. Name the component of flagellum.
Forum Workspace Report A. Filament
B. Hook
42. Peptidoglycan is found only in the bacterial
C. Basal body
A. cell membrane
D. All of these
B. glycocalyx
Answer: Option D
C. cell wall Explanation:
D. spore question. Let us discuss.
Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. 46. The location where the bacterial chromosome
View Answer Discuss in concentrates is called
A. nucleus
B. nuclein
43. The cell walls of Gram positive bacteria contain
two modified sugar, viz. N- acetylgucosamine C. nucleoid
(NAG) and N- acetylmuramic acid (NAM). They
are covalently linked by D. nucleose
A. - 1,4-glycosidic bond Answer: Option C
Explanation:
B. -1,6-glycosidic bond No answer description available for this
C. - 1,6-glycosidic bond View Answer Discuss in
D. - 1,4-glycosidic bond
Answer: Option D
Explanation: 47. Which of the following is analogous to
No answer description available for this mesosomes of bacteria?
View Answer Discuss in A. Mitochondria of eukaryotes
B. Golgi apparatus of eukaryotes
C. Lysosomes of eukaryotes
44. Which of the following organism has sterols in
their cytoplasmic membrane? D. None of these
A. Clostridum Answer: Option A
Explanation:
B. Proteus No answer description available for this
question. Let us discuss. 51. In which of the following, lipo-polysaccharide is a
View Answer Discuss in major constituent of outer membrane of the
Forum Workspace Report cellwall?
A. Gram-positive bacteria
48. Which of the following has Chinese letter B. Gram-negative bacteria

arrangement?
C. Fungi
A. Bacillus anthracis
D. None of these
B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Answer: Option B
C. Clostridium tetani Explanation:
D. Corynebacterium diphtheriae question. Let us discuss.
Answer: Option D View Answer Discuss in
View Answer Discuss in 52. Which of the following structure(s) is /are external
Forum Workspace Report to cell wall?
A. Flagella
49. The other name for peptidoglycan is B. Stalks

A. mucopeptide C. Sheath
B. murein D. All of these
C. both (a) & (b) Answer: Option D
Explanation:
D. none of these No answer description available for this
Forum Workspace Report 53. Which of the following may be most likely to be
missing from a gram-positive bacterium?
A. Penicillin binding protein
50. Cyanobacteria have
B. Peptidoglycan
A. a gram-positive cell wall
C. Lipopolysaccharide
B. a gram-negative cell wall
D. Phospholipid bilayer membrane
C. Neither (a) nor (b)
Answer: Option C
D. No cell wall Explanation:
Answer: Option B No answer description available for this
Cell Cultures and Characteristics - Section 1

1. Which of the following bacteria can grow in acidic B. -20 to -30C
pH?
A. Vibrio cholerae C. -30 to -48C
B. Lactobacilli D. -48 to -58C

Answer: Option A
C. Shigella Explanation:
D. Salmonella No answer description available for this
5. The solidifying agent commonly used in
preparation of media is/are
A. agar
2. Cell size and cell number can be measured using
B. silica gel
A. hemocytometer
C. both (a) and (b)
B. coulter counter
D. none of these
C. petroff-hausser counting chamber
Answer: Option C
Forum Workspace Report 6. Which of the following chemotherapeutic agents
may affect the growth of Campylobacter jejuni?
A. Vacomycin
3. Which of the following is used for the proper
maintenance and preservation of pure cultures? B. Polymyxin
A. Periodic transfer to fresh media
C. Trimethoprim
Preservation by overlaying cultures with
B. D. None of these
mineral oil
Answer: Option D
C. Preservation by lyophilization Explanation:
D. All of the above question. Let us discuss.
View Answer Discuss in 7. To select cholera-causing bacterium, Vibrio
Forum Workspace Report cholerae, the pH of the medium is maintained at a
pH of
A. 8.5
4. In the process of freeze drying, a dense cell
suspension is placed in small vials and is frozen B. 8.90
at
A. -60 to -78C C. 6.79
D. 3.5 View Answer Discuss in
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
No answer description available for this 11. Mac-Conkey medium is an example of
View Answer Discuss in A. transport medium
B. enrichment medium
C. differential medium
8. For the selection of endospore-forming bacteria, a
mixed culture can be heated at D. all of these
A. 80C for 10 minutes Answer: Option C
Explanation:
B. 70C for 10 minutes No answer description available for this
C. 60C for 10 minutes View Answer Discuss in
D. 90C for 10 minutes
Answer: Option A
Explanation: 12. Pseudomonas aeruginosa forms a blue water
No answer description available for this soluble pigment called
View Answer Discuss in A. pyocyanin
B. chlororaphin
C. pyoverdin
9. The concentration of agar to obtain semi solid
media is D. -carotene
A. 1.5-20% Answer: Option A
Explanation:
B. 0.5% or less No answer description available for this
C. >10% View Answer Discuss in
D. >10%but<20%
Answer: Option B
Explanation: 13. Agar is used for solidifying culture media because
question. Let us discuss. A. it does not affect by the growth of bacteria
it does not add to the nutritive properties of
Forum Workspace Report B.
the medium
the melting and solidifying points of agar

C.
10. Which of the following bacteria dies quickly after solution are not the same
drying?
D. all of the above
A. Treponema pallidium
Answer: Option D
B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Explanation:
C. Staphylococcus aureus question. Let us discuss.
D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Forum Workspace Report
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
No answer description available for this 14. For the selection of lactobacilli present in cheddar
cheese, the pH of the medium is maintained at C. membrane filter count
A. 6.35
D. all of the above
B. 5.35 Answer: Option D
Explanation:
C. 4.35
D. 5.75 question. Let us discuss.
Answer: Option B Forum Workspace Report
Explanation:
View Answer Discuss in 18. Which of the following techniques may be
Forum Workspace Report performed quantitatively to determine the number
of bacteria of a particular type?
A. Pour plate
15. A disease producing species occurring in a mixed
culture can often be selected on the basis of its B. Spread plate
A. pathogenic properties C. Both (a) and (b)
B. special carbon source D. Streak plate technique
C. special nitrogen source Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Forum Workspace Report 19. Intestinal bacteria can grow in the presence of
__________ whereas nonintestinal bacteria are
usually inhibited.
16. Important example(s) of enriched medium/media A. bile salts
is/ are
B. low concentration of various dyes
A. Loeffler's serum slope
C. sugars
B. Bordet-gengou medium
D. low levels of nitrogen
C. Blood agar
Answer: Option A
D. All of these Explanation:
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
20. Which of the following problem makes it
impossible to satisfy all of Koch's postulates?
17. Cell counting can be carried out by Microorganism causes serious symptoms
A.
in humans
direct microscopic count using
A.
petroffhansser counting chamber Microorganism cannot be isolated in pure
B.
culture
B. plate counting
C. Species of microorganism is in question
Genes from the microorganism cannot be View Answer Discuss in
D. Forum Workspace Report
amplified by PCR
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
24. When a substance is added to a liquid medium
which inhibits the growth of unwanted bacteria
and favors the growth of wanted bacteria, it is
known as
A. differential medium
21. A medium containing crystal violet dye plus B. enriched medium

sodium deoxycholate will allow
C. enrichment medium
A. gram (-)ve intestinal bacteria to grow
D. selective medium
B. gram (+)ve intestinal bacteria to grow
Answer: Option C
C. aquatic bacteria to grow Explanation:
Explanation:
View Answer Discuss in 25. Which of the following methods is most likely to
Forum Workspace Report be quantitative?
A. Dilution and plating
22. Which of the following bacteria can grow in B. Gram staining

alkaline pH?
C. Wet mount
A. Shigella
D. None of these
B. Lactobacilli
Answer: Option A
C. Salmonella Explanation:
D. Vibrio cholerae question. Let us discuss.
Answer: Option D Forum Workspace Report
Explanation:
26. Which of the following hint(s) suggest/s that a
given specimen is likely to contain anaerobic
bacteria?
A. Gas in specimen
23. All bacteria that inhabit the human body are
B. Foul odour
A. heterotrophs
C. Presence of sulphur granules
B. chemolithotrophs
D. All of these
C. autotrophs Answer: Option D
D. phototroph Explanation:
A. differential medium
27. Viable plate count can be obtained using
B. enriched medium
A. Spread plate method
C. enrichment medium
B. Pour plate method
D. selective medium
C. both (a) and (b)
Answer: Option D
D. Hemocytometer Explanation:
Forum Workspace Report 31. Peptone water and nutrient broth are
A. selective media
28. In the pour plate method, the mixed culture is B. enriched media
diluted directly in tubes of
A. liquid agar medium C. basal media
B. sterile liquid usually water D. none of these

Answer: Option C
C. both (a) and (b) Explanation:
View Answer Discuss in 32. Stuart's transport medium is used for transport of
Forum Workspace Report specimen containing
A. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
29. Treponema species from human oral cavity can B. Salmonella
be selected by using
A. pH of the medium C. Vibrio cholerae
B. incubation temperature D. Shigella

Answer: Option A
C. cell size and motility Explanation:
D. all of these question. Let us discuss.
View Answer Discuss in 33. Plate counts are often reported as
A. cfu
B. cfu/ml
30. When a substance is added to a solid medium
which inhibits the growth of unwanted bacteria but C. Both (a) and (b)
permits the growth of wanted bacteria, it is known
as D. thousands/ml
Answer: Option B Explanation:
Explanation: No answer description available for this
question. Let us discuss. View Answer Discuss in
2. Which of the following groups contain(s) many

34. The medium which allows the growth of more unique coenzymes, such as coenzyme M and
than one microorganisms of interest but with coenzyme F420?
morphologically distinguishable colonies is known A. Sulfate-reducing bacteria
as
A. selective medium Methanotrophs (methane-oxidizing
B.
microbes)
B. enrichment medium
Methanogens (methane-producing
C.
C. differential medium microbes)
D. none of these Acetogens (acetigens; acetate-producing

D.
microbes)
Answer: Option C
Explanation: Answer: Option C
35. Selective media facilitate growth of only one kind

of organism. Saboraud medium is used to 3. In the passive diffusion, solute molecules cross
selectively isolate the membrane as a result of
A. coliform bacteria A. concentration difference
B. gram positive bacteria B. pressure difference
C. yeasts C. ionic difference
D. acid fast organisms D. all of these

Answer: Option C Answer: Option A
Microbial Metabolism - Section 1 4. In an oxygenic photosynthesis, the green and the

1. During the carboxylation phase of the Calvin purple bacteria do not use which of the following
cycle, CO2 combines with one as an electron source?
A. ribulose 1,5 - bisphosphate A. H 2O
B. phosphoglyceraldehyde B. H2
C. pyruvic acid C. H2S
D. oxaloacetic acid D. S (elemental sulphur)
Answer: Option A Answer: Option A

Explanation:
5. Radioisotopes are frequently used in the study of 8. In aerobic respiration, the terminal electron
cells. Assume a culture of E. coli is grown in a acceptor is
culture medium containing radioactive A. oxygen
phosphorous. At the end of 48 hours, it is
expected to find the radioactive label located in B. nitrogen
A. enzymes
C. hydrogen
B. RNA
D. nitrate
C. phospholipids Answer: Option A
Explanation:
D. all of these No answer description available for this
Answer: Option D question. Let us discuss.
Forum Workspace Report 9. Which of the following statement is correct?
Phosphate repression can not be
6. Assimilatory sulfate reduction involves the eliminated by optimization of nutrient
A.
nucleotide __________ during the incorporation medium, deregulated medium must be
of H2S in the production of __________ . used as production strains
A. ATP; methionine Phosphate repression can be eliminated by
optimization of nutrient medium,
B. ATP; cytosine B.
deregulated medium must be used as
production strains
C. UTP; cytosine
Phosphate repression can be eliminated by
D. GTP; cytosine optimization of nutrient medium, regulated
C.
Answer: Option B medium must be used as production
Explanation: strains
question. Let us discuss. Phosphate repression can not be
View Answer Discuss in eliminated by optimization of nutrient
D.
Forum Workspace Report medium, regulated medium must be used
as production strains
Answer: Option A
7. The chlorophyll molecules used by eucaryotes Explanation:
and cyanobacteria absorb radiant energy in No answer description available for this
the____________portion(s) of the visible question. Let us discuss.
spectrum. View Answer Discuss in
A. red
B. green
10. The acquisition energy by glucose fermentation
C. red and blue requires
D. green and ultraviolet A. substrate-level phosphorylation
Answer: Option C B. electron transport of electrons from NADH

Explanation:
C. long-chain fatty acid oxidation No answer description available for this
D. the enzyme formic-hydrogen lyase View Answer Discuss in
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. 14. In establishing proton gradient for chemiosmotic
View Answer Discuss in ATP generation by aerobic respiration the
Forum Workspace Report terminal electron acceptor is
A. nitrate
11. High energy transfer compounds are capable of B. oxygen

A. accepting large amounts of free energy C. sulfate
B. transferring large amounts of free energy D. CO2
C. measuring free energy Answer: Option B
Explanation:
D. none of the above No answer description available for this
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Forum Workspace Report 15. If G of a chemical reaction is positive in value
and keq is less than 1 then the chemical reaction
will
12. Dolichol phosphate is A. proceed in reverse direction
a complex lipid involved in docking vesicles B. proceeed in forward direction
A.
with the plasma membrane
C. not take place in any of the direction
the anchor on which sugars assemble
B.
before transfer to proteins D. none of these
C. a chaperone used in protein folding Answer: Option A
Explanation:
D. a product of phospholipase C activation No answer description available for this
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Forum Workspace Report 16. The reaction, where small precursor molecules
are assembled into larger organic molecules is
referred as
13. The reactions of the cell that are carried out for A. anabolism
capturing energy are called
B. catabolism
A. catabolism
C. metabolism
B. metabolism
D. any of these
C. anabolism
Answer: Option A
D. activation energy Explanation:
Forum Workspace Report A. liberated during reaction
B. taken up during reaction

17. Which of the following nucleoside diphosphates is
used most often in carbohydrate anabolism? C. liberated or taken up during reaction
A. Uridine diphosphate D. none of these
B. Adenosine diphosphate Answer: Option C
Explanation:
C. Guanine diphosphate No answer description available for this
D. Thymine diphosphate View Answer Discuss in
Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. 21. Which of the following does not produce oxygen
View Answer Discuss in as a product of photosynthesis?
Forum Workspace Report A. Oak trees
B. Purple sulfur bacteria

18. DAHP synthetase catalyzes the condensation of
C. Cyanobacteria
A. erythrose-4-phosphate
D. Phytoplankton
B. phosphoenol pyruvate
Answer: Option B
D. phenylalanine question. Let us discuss.
Explanation:
View Answer Discuss in 22. When acetate is the sole source of carbon for
Forum Workspace Report some microorganisms, the cycle which is used, is
called
A. pentose phosphate pathway
19. Phosphate is considered to restrict the induction
B. glycolyic pathway
of
A. primary metabolites C. glyoxylate pathway
B. secondary metabolites D. oxaloacetate pathway

Answer: Option C
C. both (a) and (b)
Explanation:
View Answer Discuss in 23. Hexose monophosphate pathway is also known
Forum Workspace Report as
A. phosphogluconate pathway
20. Free energy change (G) of a reaction is referred B. oxaloacetate pathway
as the amount of energy
C. malate pathway D. all of these
D. fumerate pathway Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Answer: Option A No answer description available for this
27. Incorporation of atmospheric N2to NH4+ occurs via
the process of
24. If radioactive bicarbonate was supplied to
bacterial cells, which were actively synthesizing A. assimilatory nitrate reduction
fatty acids, it is expected to find the bulk of the
radioactivity in B. transamination
A. cellular bicarbonate C. deamination
B. the fatty acids D. nitrogen fixation
C. the cytoplasmic membrane Answer: Option D

Explanation:
D. nucleic acids No answer description available for this
Forum Workspace Report 28. The role of bacteriophyll in an oxygenic
photosynthesis is to
A. reduce ferridoxin directly
25. Standard free energy change (G) can be
expressed as B. reduce NADP directly
A. G = -RTlnkeq C. use light energy to energize an electron
B. G = RTlnkeq transfer electrons to an intermediate in the
D.
sulfide oxidation pathway
C. G = R/Tlnkeq
Answer: Option C
D. G = -RT/lnkeq Explanation:
29. TCA cycle functions in
A. catabolic reactions
26. The glyoxylate cycle is used by some
microorganisms when___________ is the sole B. anabolic reactions
carbon source.
C. amphibolic reactions
A. acetate
D. none of these
B. nitrate
Answer: Option C
C. carbon dioxide Explanation:
View Answer Discuss in A. Alkaline phosphates
B. Oxidoreductase
30. Entner-Doudoroff pathway is found in C. Protease

A. aerobic prokaryotes D. Hydrogenase
B. anaerobic prokaryotes Answer: Option A
Explanation:
C. both (a) and (b) No answer description available for this
D. aerobic eukaryotes View Answer Discuss in
Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. 34. For each glucose molecule broken down, there
View Answer Discuss in are______________number of reduced
Forum Workspace Report coenzymes to be oxidized.
A. 12
31. Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria oxidize B. 8

A. water
C. 6
B. oxgyen
D. 4
C. sulfide Answer: Option A
Explanation:
D. ammonia No answer description available for this
Forum Workspace Report 35. As the electron flow through the chains, much of
their free energy is conserved in the form of ATP.
This process is called
32. Which of the following(s) is/are the products of the A. oxidative phosphorylation
light reactions of photosynthesis?
A. ATP only B. electromotive potential
B. NADPH only C. dehydrogenations
C. ATP and O2 only D. none of these

Answer: Option A
D. ATP, NADPH, and O2 Explanation:
33. Which of the following catalyze liberation of

orthophosphate from organic P compounds and
inorganic pyrophosphate ?
36. Digestive reactions where large molecules are B. phosphoglyceraldehyde; NADH+H+
broken down into smaller ones are referred as
A. anabolism C. ribulose 1,5 - bisphosphate; NADH+H+
B. catabolism D. pyruvic acid; NADPH+H+

Answer: Option A
C. metabolism Explanation:
D. biosynthesis No answer description available for this
40. In order to get inorganic phosphorous into organic compou
incorporated via
A. substrate level phosphorylation
37. Phosphate regulation has been observed in the
B. oxidative phosphorylation
production of
A. alkaloids C. both (a) and (b)
B. antibiotics D. DNA
Answer: Option C
C. gibberelins Explanation:
D. all of these No answer description available for this question. Let us di
Answer: Option D 1. The phosphate inhibition in the clavine formation with Clav
Explanation: the addition of
A. alanine
View Answer Discuss in B. methionine
C. tryptophan
38. Most of the energy in aerobic respiration of D. lysine

glucose is captured by Answer: Option C
A. substrate-level phosphorylation Explanation:
B. electron transport of electrons from NADH View Answer Discuss in Forum Workspace Report
C. long-chain fatty acid oxidation
D. the enzyme formic-hydrogen lyase 42. The major route for incorporation of ammonia
(NH4+) into organic compounds is via
Answer: Option B
Explanation: reduction of pyruvate or alpha-
A.
ketoglutarate by enzymes
question. Let us discuss. B. atmospheric nitrogen fixation
Forum Workspace Report C. oxidation of pyruvate
D. all of these
39. During the reduction phase of the Calvin cycle, Answer: Option A
phosphoglyceric acid is reduced Explanation:
to______utilizing________as the reduction No answer description available for this
source. question. Let us discuss.
A. phosphoglyceraldehyde; NADPH+H+ View Answer Discuss in
Forum Workspace Report 46. Entner - Doudoroff pathway is not found in
A. aerobic prokaryotes
43. The specific enzyme/(s) of the glyoxylate cycle B. anaerobic prokaryotes

is/are
C. Both (a) and (b)
A. isocitrate lyase
D. eukaryotes
B. malate synthase
Answer: Option D
D. anaplerotic question. Let us discuss.
View Answer Discuss in 47. Aerobic catabolism of glucose yields how much
Forum Workspace Report energy (ATP synthesized) relative to glucose
fermentation?
A. Slightly less
44. If G of a chemical reaction has a negative value,
the reaction B. About the same
A. releases energy C. Twice as much
B. requires energy D. More than 10 times as much
C. both (a) and (b) Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Forum Workspace Report 48. The bacteriochlorophylls used by the anoxygenic
bacteria have absorbance maxima located in
the_____portion(s) of the spectrum.
45. The catabolic reaction, pentose-phosphate exists A. green
in
B. blue
A. prokaryotic cells
C. ultraviolet
B. eukaryotic cells
D. infrared
C. prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells both
Answer: Option D
Answer: Option C No answer description available for this
49. The relationship between an oxidation-reduction
potential difference and the standard free energy
change is (where n is the number of moles of
electron transferred, F= Faraday's constant and
E= standard oxidation-reduction potential
difference) moderately sensitive to phosphate
B.
A. G = -nFE regulation
B. G = nFE C. highly sensitive to phosphate regulation
C. G = -nFlnE D. none of these

Answer: Option A
D. G = nFlnE
Explanation:
53. The mechanism of passive or facilitated diffusion
require
50. ATPase
A. metabolic energy
synthesizes ATP, coupled to transfer of
A.
extracellular protons into the cell concentration of solute against an
B.
electrochemical gradient
extrudes protons from the cell coupled to
B.
the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP accumulation of solute against an
C.
electrochemical gradient
is the enzyme that incorporates ATP into
C.
messenger RNA accumulation or concentration of solute
D.
against an electrochemical gradient
carries out each of the reactions indicated
D. Answer: Option A
in (a) and (b)
Explanation:
54. Nitrogen fixation is a process that requires
51. Which of the following is responsible for A. energy
phosphate solubilization?
B. an anaerobic environment
A. Streptococcus
C. both (a) and (b)
B. Streptomyces
D. an aerobic environment
C. Bacillus
Answer: Option C
D. Clostridium Explanation:
55. Bacteriochlorophyll differs from chlorophyll in
what way?
52. Phosphate deregulated mutants are The chelated metal in bacteriochlorophyll is
A.
not Mg
A. less sensitive to phosphate regulation
B. There are chemical differences between
the two chlorophyll in their side (R) groups parasite Rickettsia prowazekii ?
A. Parasitic bacteria have very large genomes
C. They have different absorption spectra
Parasites have a definite genomic
D. Both (b) and (c) B.
sequence similar to viruses
Answer: Option D
Explanation: Mitochondria have evolved from
C.
endosymbiotic bacteria
question. Let us discuss. D. All bacteria evolved from viruses
Forum Workspace Report Answer: Option C
Explanation:
56. Radioisotopes are frequently used in the study of question. Let us discuss.
cells. Assume a culture of E. coli is grown in a View Answer Discuss in
culture medium containing radioactive sulphur. At Forum Workspace Report
the end of 48 hours, it is expected to find the
radioactive label located in
A. DNA 3. The physical nature of genomes is studied under
A. structural genomics
B. enzymes
B. comparative genomics
C. RNA
C. proteo genomics
D. all of these
Answer: Option B D. functional genomics
Explanation: Answer: Option A
Microbial Genetics - Section 1

4. The species of bacteria, which possesses 250
1. In the time since E. coli and Salmonella diverged
genes for lipid biosynthesis is
evolutionarily
A. M. genitalium
there has been little change in either
A.
genome B. M. tuberculosis
E. coli has acquired many genes via C. E. coli
B.
horizontal transfer
D. H. influenzae
E, coli has lost approximately 50% of its
C. Answer: Option B
genome
Explanation:
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Forum Workspace Report 5. Why the bacterium Treponema pallidum is difficult
to culture?
Because it requires a great deal of water to
A.
2. Which of the following theory is supported by the reproduce
genomic sequence of the obligate intracellular
Because it is unable to use carbohydrates C. Cloning
B.
as an energy source
D. Proteomics
Because it lacks the genes needed for Answer: Option B
C.
TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation Explanation:
Because it requires extremely low
D. question. Let us discuss.
temperature at which water freezes
Explanation:
9. Proteomics is
Forum Workspace Report A. the study of algal genomes
a branch of quantum physics dealing with

B.
6. What is the range of minimum set of genes proteins
required for life?
the study of formation of lipo-protein in
C.
A. 50-100 genes animals
B. 250-350 genes the study of the entire collection of proteins

D.
expressed by an organism
C. 1000-1500 genes
Answer: Option D
D. 1500-2000 genes Explanation:
10. Which of the following is concerned with the
management and analysis of biological data using
computers?
7. The flow of genetic material in microbial cells
usually takes place from A. Bio-physics
A. RNA through DNA to proteins B. Bioinformatics
B. proteins through RNA to DNA C. Genomics
C. DNA through RNA to proteins D. Biomechanics
D. none of these Answer: Option B
Explanation:
11. Which type of genomics studies the transcripts
and proteins expressed by a genome?
8. Which of the following is used for determining the
location of specific genes within the genome? A. Comparative genomics
A. Genomics B. Structural genomics
B. Annotation C. Proteo genomics

D. Functional genomics Answer: Option B
Explanation:
15. Studies of similarities and differences among the
genomes of multiple organisms is carried out in
12. Which of the following is the study of the
molecular organization of genomes, their A. comparative genomics
information content and the gene products they B. proteomics
encode?
A. Genetics C. functional genomics
B. Ergonomics D. structural genomics

Answer: Option A
C. Genomics Explanation:
D. Bioinformatics No answer description available for this
View Answer Discuss in 16. Why Deinococcus radiodurans is able to survive
Forum Workspace Report massive exposure to radiation?
Because it produces a thick shell which
A.
acts as a shield from the radiation
13. The word, used for the small solid supports onto
which are spotted hundreds of thousands of tiny Because it has unique DNA repair
drops of DNA that can be used to screen gene B.
mechanisms
expression, is
A. southern blot Because its cellwall contains radioactive
C.
elements
B. cloning library
Because it has many copies of genes
D.
C. DNA microarrays encoding DNA repair
Answer: Option D
D. northern blot Explanation:
14. Which of the following organisms has the smallest

genome?
A. H. influenzae
B. M. genitalium
C. M. tuberculosis
D. None of these
DNA Replication - Section 1 4. The enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of DNA
is called
1. Both strands of DNA serve as templates
concurrently in A. DNA polymerase
A. replication B. DNA gyrase
B. excision repair C. DNA ligase
C. mismatch repair D. helicase
D. none of these Answer: Option A
Explanation:
5. Which of the following possesses both 5'-3' and
3'-5' exonuclease activity?
2. Proofreading activity to maintain the fidelity of
DNA synthesis A. Kornberg enzyme
occurs after the synthesis has been B. DNA polymerase III
A.
completed
C. Taq DNA polymerase
is a function of the 3'-5' exonuclease
B.
activity of the DNA polymerases D. None of these
requires the presence of an enzyme Answer: Option A

C. Explanation:
separate from the DNA polymerases
D. occurs in prokaryotes but not eukaryotes question. Let us discuss.
Explanation:
View Answer Discuss in 6. Which of the following statements on replication
Forum Workspace Report in E.coli is correct?
A. It occurs in a unidirectional manner
B. It occurs in bidirectional manner

3. Which of the following repairs nicked DNA by
forming a phosphodiester bond between adjacent Always uses T7 DNA polymerase when
nucleotides? C.
infected by T7 phage
A. Helicase
Occurs only when phase has infected E.
D.
B. DNA gyrase coli
Answer: Option B
C. Topoisomerases
Explanation:
D. DNA ligase No answer description available for this
Forum Workspace Report 7. The replication of chromosomes by eukaryotes
occurs in a relatively short period of time because
A. the eukaryotes have more amount of DNA
for replication C. both (a) and (b)
the eukaryotic replication machinery is D. cephalosporin

B.
1000 times faster than the prokaryotes Answer: Option B
Explanation:
each chromosome contains multiple
replicons
D. eukaryotic DNA is always single stranded
Answer: Option C
11. Which of the following enzymes unwind short
Explanation:
stretches of DNA helix immediately ahead of a
replication fork?
View Answer Discuss in A. DNA polymerases
B. Helicases
C. Single-stranded binding proteins

8. In E.coli, which enzyme synthesizes the RNA
primer for Okazaki fragments? D. Topoisomerases
A. DnaA Answer: Option B
Explanation:
B. DnaC No answer description available for this
C. DnaG View Answer Discuss in
D. all of these
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
12. During DNA replication in prokaryotes, synthesis
begins on the circular chromosome
View Answer Discuss in A. always at the same place
at any stretch of DNA that is high in AT
B.
pairs
9. During which of the following process a new copy C. randomly on the chromosome
of a DNA molecule is precisely synthesized?
A. Trasformation D. at the promoter
Answer: Option A
B. Transcription Explanation:
C. Translation question. Let us discuss.
D. Replication
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
13. DNA replication rates in prokaryotes are
approximately of the order of
Forum Workspace Report A. 10 bases per second
B. 1,00 bases per second

10. DNA gyrase is inhibited by C. 1,000 bases per second
A. tetracycline
D. 10,000 bases per second
B. nalidixic acid Answer: Option C
Explanation:
2. Which of the following act as the blueprint or

14. Which of the following lacks 3'-5' exonuclease template for the process of protein synthesis that
activity? takes place on ribosomes?
A. Short fragment of DNA polymerase I A. rRNA
B. Taq DNA polymerase B. DNA
C. T4 DNA ligase C. tRNA
D. All of the above D. mRNA

Answer: Option D Answer: Option D
15. The synthesis of DNA by DNA polymerase occurs 3. Negative regulation of protein synthesis is
in the accomplished by
A. 3' to 5' direction A. allosteric inhibition
B. 5' to 5' direction the binding of RNA polymerase to the

B.
promoter
C. 5' to 3' direction
C. the binding of a repressor to the DNA
D. 3' to 3' direction
Answer: Option C the binding of a repressor to the RNA
D.
Explanation: polymerase
No answer description available for this Answer: Option C
Translation and Regulation - Section 1

4. Site in the ribosome from which the tRNA donates
1. Which binding is inhibited by pactamycin? amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain is
Aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of 30S A. P site
A.
subunit
B. O site
Initiator-tRNA to 30S/40S initiation
B. C. T site
complexes
C. Peptidyl t-RNA to the 50S subunit D. A site

Answer: Option A
D. Formation of peptide bond in P site Explanation:
B. Mu
5. When was the genetic code completed?
C. T4
A. 1958
D. T3
B. 1952
Answer: Option B
C. 1966 Explanation:
D. 1968 question. Let us discuss.
Explanation:
View Answer Discuss in 9. The final step of gene expression is protein
Forum Workspace Report synthesis, which is also known as
A. replication
6. Which stop codon has been found to encode B. translation

selenocysteine?
C. transcription
A. UAA
D. none of these
B. UAG
Answer: Option B
C. UGA Explanation:
D. AGA question. Let us discuss.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
View Answer Discuss in 10. What is the maximum number of different amino acids in a
Forum Workspace Report synthetic polyribonucleotides (UCAG)5?
A. One
7. Which of the following is a nontranslated B. Two

sequence located between the transcription and
the translation start site? C. Three
A. Ending frame D. Four
B. Leader sequence Answer: Option C

Explanation:
C. Trailer sequence No answer description available for this question. Let us di
D. Reading frame 11. What is the direct cause of cell death by diphtheria toxin?
Answer: Option B A. Formation of an ion channel in the cell membrane
Explanation:
No answer description available for this B. Inactivation of a translational elongation factor
View Answer Discuss in C. Induction of apoptosis
Answer: Option B
8. Which phage always carries a small piece Explanation:
of E.coli genome? No answer description available for this question. Let us di
A. Lambda
12. The development of global regulatory systems in A. AGU
prokaryotes
determines the exact location of the cell on B. CGA
A.
the globe
C. CAU
B. aids in DNA replication
D. AUG
determines the exact location of the Answer: Option A
C.
replication site Explanation:
regulates many genes under varying View Answer Discuss in Forum Workspace Report
D.
environmental conditions 16. The role of molecular chaperones is to
Answer: Option D A. facilitate binding of ribosomes to mRNA
Explanation:
No answer description available for this B. degrade newly synthesized polypeptides that contain
View Answer Discuss in C. facilitate binding of RNA polymerase to DNA
D. aid a newly synthesized polypeptide in folding to its p
Answer: Option D
13. The interaction between the mRNA and tRNA Explanation:
determined the position of amino acid in a No answer description available for this question. Let us di
polypeptide sequence. This is called the View Answer Discuss in Forum Workspace Report
A. stagerivity
B. Wobble hypothesis 17. What is the action of tetracycline in prokaryotes?

C. promiscuity It blocks translocation reaction on
A.
ribosomes
D. adaptor hypothesis
It blocks peptidyl transferase reaction on
Answer: Option D B.
ribosomes
Explanation:
No answer description available for this It blocks the binding of amino-acyl tRNA to
question. Let us discuss. C.
the A site of ribosomes
Forum Workspace Report D. Not known with certainity
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
14. What are the Svedberg values for the subunits of No answer description available for this
the 70S ribosomes of E. colli? question. Let us discuss.
A. 40S and 30S View Answer Discuss in
B. 50S and 20S
C. 50S and 30S 18. A quorum sensing system

D. 40S and 20S detects a signal from the external
A.
environment
Answer: Option C
Explanation: senses a compound produced by the
No answer description available for this B.
bacterium itself
View Answer Discuss in consists of a sensor component that
Forum Workspace Report C.
phosphorylates a regulatory protein
D. controls the activity of ribosomes directly

15. Which of the following three codons translate as serine (Ser)? Answer: Option B
Explanation: C. N-formylleucine
question. Let us discuss. D. N-formylalanine
Forum Workspace Report Answer: Option B
Explanation:
19. The Shine-Dalgarno sequence is View Answer Discuss in
A. trailer sequence Forum Workspace Report
B. a stop codon
C. the reading frame of a gene 23. During amino acid activation a(n)
A. amino acid is bound to tRNA
a short sequence that acts as a ribosomal
D.
binding site B. amino acid is bound to mRNA
Answer: Option D
C. methyl group is attached to rRNA
Explanation:
No answer description available for this D. methyl group is attached to an amino acid
View Answer Discuss in Answer: Option A
20. Which of the following statement is correct? Forum Workspace Report
A. The size and sequence of introns can be deduced from the cDNA sequence
B. Restriction endonuclease can cleave ss and dsDNA 24.

bothThe nonsense codon(s) is/are
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) is usually A. formed

UAG in coding sequence of
C.
a gene
B. UAA
D. Amino acid sequence of a protein can be deduced from corresponding cDNA nucleotide
C. UGA
Answer: Option D
Explanation: D. all of these
View Answer Discuss in Forum Workspace Report Answer: Option D
21. What was the first bacterial genome to be sequenced and made Explanation:
public?
A. Bacillus subtilis question. Let us discuss.
B. Escherichia coli
C. Haemophilus influenzae
D. No bacterial genome has been sequenced yet 25. Which of the following defines an open reading
Answer: Option C frame (ORF)?
Explanation: A. A sequence of genome in bacteriophage
View Answer Discuss in Forum Workspace Report B. The sequence of a complete genome
A plasmid vector used in genome

C.
sequencing
22. Which of the following modified amino acid is
used at the starting of most prokaryotic proteins? A possible gene predicted by DNA
D.
A. N-formylserine sequencing
Answer: Option D
B. N-formylmethionine
Explanation:
Forum Workspace Report 29. Which of the termination codon is called amber?
A. UAA
26. Three stop codons, which aids in termination of
B. UAG
translation are also known as
A. pause codons C. UGA
B. nonsense codons D. AUG

Answer: Option B
C. missense codons
Explanation:
D. antisense codons No answer description available for this
Microbial Recombination and Gene Transfer - Section
1
27. The ribosome binding site 1. The plasmid-mediated properties is/are
A. forms a stem-loop structure in the RNA A. fermentation of lactose
is located upstream of the promoter B. production of enterotoxin
B.
sequence
C. resistance to antibiotics
is located immediately upstream of the
C.
start codon D. all of these
is more likely to be associated with an Answer: Option D
D. operon than with a gene encoding a single Explanation:
protein No answer description available for this
Forum Workspace Report 2. In the extracellular medium, DNA-degrading
enzymes would likely be to prevent transfer of
DNA by
28. Which of the following molecule catalyzes the conjugal transfer by a self-transmissible
A.
transpeptidation reaction? plasmid
A. RNA polymerase B. generalized phage transduction
B. Peptidyl transferase C. natural transformation
C. DNA ligase D. none of the above
D. DNA polymerase Answer: Option C
Explanation:
6. The type of recombination that commonly occurs
between a pair of homologous DNA sequences is,
3. What is the term used for a segment of DNA with
one or more genes in the centre and the two ends A. mutagenic recombination
carrying inverted repeat sequences of
B. site-specific recombination
nucleotides?
A. Plasmid C. replicative recombination
B. Transposon D. general recombination

Answer: Option D
C. Insertion sequence
Explanation:
D. None of these No answer description available for this
Forum Workspace Report 7. Which of the following statement describes
plasmids?
A. Another name for a protoplast
4. The plasmids can be eliminated from a cell by the
A complex membrane structure that covers
process known as B.
the chromosome of bacteria
A. curing
Small, circular DNA molecules that can
B. breaking C. exist independently of chromosomes
commonly found in bacteria
C. fixing
D. expulsion
Answer: Option C
Answer: Option A Explanation:
8. In lysogeny,
5. Recombination of virus genomes occurs
A. a bacteriophage transfers bacterial DNA
A. by transduction
bacteria take up double stranded DNA
B. by transription B.
from the environment
simultaneous infection of a host cell by two DNA-degrading enzymes in the
C.
viruses with homologous chromosomes C. extracellular medium would stop the
process
D. by transformation
Answer: Option C a bacteriophage genome is integrated into
D.
Explanation: the bacterial genome
No answer description available for this Answer: Option D
9. A microarray differs from a gene fusion in that, it apparatus
carries DNA segments from many different
A. C. transfers antibiotic resistance genes
genes
B. is not constructed by cloning D. usually has a transposon inserted into it

Answer: Option B
C. gives direct measurement of mRNA level Explanation:
D. all of the above No answer description available for this
13. Which of the following is the cause for drug
resistance in tuberculosis?
A. Mutation
10. Who discovered transposons (jumping genes)?
B. Transduction
A. Abelson
C. Transformation
B. Harvey
D. Conjugation
C. McClintock
Answer: Option A
D. Griffith Explanation:
14. The transposase gene encodes an enzyme that
facilitate
11. Which type of plasmid can exist with or without A. viral replication within a genome
being integrated into the host's chromosome?
B. general recombination
A. Medisome
site-specific integration of transposable
B. Lisosome C.
elements
C. Lysogen D. none of the above
D. Episome Answer: Option C
Explanation:
15. The term used for plasmids possessing both RTF
and r determinants is
12. The main difference between a self-transmissible
and a mobilizable plasmid is that the self- A. non self-transmissible plasmids
transmissible plasmid
B. non conjugative plasmids
A. transfers both strands of the plasmid DNA
C. conjugative plasmids
B. carries genes encoding the mating
D. none of the above Explanation:
19. What information can be generated by interrupted
mating experiments?
16. Diagnostic DNA probes have been developed for A. Levels of DNA homology
A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis B. Bacterial genome maps
B. Hepatitis B virus C. DNA nucleotide sequences
C. Human immunodeficiency virus D. Proteomics of the bacteria
D. all of the above Answer: Option B
Explanation:
20. Which of the following transport bacterial DNA to
other bacteria via bacteriophages?
17. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true in
regards to F+ x F- mating events? A. Conjugation
A. DNA is transferred from F- to F+ cells B. Transduction
B. DNA is transferred from F+ to F- cells C. Transformation
No DNA is transferred because F- cells are D. Translation
C.
unable to perform conjugation
Answer: Option B
No DNA is transferred because F cells are
+ Explanation:
D. No answer description available for this
unable to perform conjugation
21. When composite transposons are formed
a small deletion occurs in the transposase
A.
gene of an IS element
18. Which of the following type of recombination does a small deletion occurs in the transposase
not require homologous sequences and is B. gene of an IS element and plasmid is
important for the integration of viral genomes into integrated
bacterial chromosomes?
A. Mutagenic recombimation an IS element integrates with another IS
C.
element with the help of a plasmid
B. Site-specific recombination
two IS elements integrate into a
C. Replicative recombination D. chromosome with only a small distance
separating them
D. General recombination
Answer: Option D
View Answer Discuss in 25. Penicillin resistance in staphylococci is acquired
Forum Workspace Report due to
A. conjugation
22. Which of the following plamids do not possess B. mutation

information for self transfer to another cell?
C. transformation
A. Cryptic plasmids
D. transduction
B. Conjugative plasmids
Answer: Option D
C. Non-conjugative plasmids Explanation:
D. None of these question. Let us discuss.
Explanation:
View Answer Discuss in 26. The plasmid which makes the host more
Forum Workspace Report pathogenic is
A. F factors
B. Metabolic plasmid
23. The term used for acquisition of naked DNA from
its environment and its incorporation in their C. Virulence plasmid
genome by a bacterium is
A. transformation D. None of these
Answer: Option C
B. lysogenic conversion Explanation:
C. conjugation
D. transduction View Answer Discuss in
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. 27. The expression of gene X (which has promoter
View Answer Discuss in Px) is to be monitored. A gene fusion construction
Forum Workspace Report for carrying this work will
have Px but not the rest of the X coding
A.
region
24. What is term used for a bacterial cell that is able
have the promoter of lacZ or some other
to take up naked DNA? B.
reporter gene
A. Complementary
allow to monitor the expression of all genes
B. Liable C.
with a promoter similar in sequence to Px
C. Competent give the same information as from a

D.
microarray
D. Infected
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option C Explanation:
28. The transducing particles carry only specific 31. R factors involved in plant-microbe interactions
portions of the bacterial genome in which of the are
following transduction?
A. plant proteins
A. Specialized transduction
B. bacterial proteins
B. General transduction
C. essential for transfer of DNA to plant cells
C. Abortive transduction
D. also called opines
D. None of these
Answer: Option A
32. Which of the following is used by microbial

29. The correct term for the transfer of genetic genetisists as a tool?
material between bacteria in direct physical A. Bacteriophage
contact is
A. conjugation B. Plasmids
B. transformation C. Transposable elements
C. replication D. All of these

Answer: Option D
D. transduction Explanation:
33. Which of the following type of recombination does
not require homologous sequences and is utilized
30. Plasmid that carries genes encoding enzymes, by mobile genetic elements that move about
which degrade substances such as aromatic chromosomes?
compounds, pesticides or sugar are
A. Mutagenic recombimation
A. F factors
B. Site-specific recombination
B. metabolic plasmid
C. Replicative recombination
C. virulence plasmid
D. General recombination
D. none of these
Answer: Option C
34. Which of the following term describes the

relationship between a virus and host where no
new viral particles are produced and the viral
genome is replicated along with host
chromosome? C. Transposons
A. Lysogeny
D. Tandons
B. Lysis Answer: Option C
Explanation:
C. Transformation
D. Conjugation question. Let us discuss.
Explanation:
View Answer Discuss in 38. The chromosomal genes, possessing fertility
Forum Workspace Report factor is known as
A. R factor
B. F prime factor
35. Inverted repeat sequences at each end and a
gene encoding transposase is contained in which
C. HFr
of the following transposable element?
A. Composite transposon D. F factor
Answer: Option B
B. Insertion element
Explanation:
C. Virus
D. Plasmid View Answer Discuss in
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. 39. Which of the following statement can describe
View Answer Discuss in horizontal transfer?
Forum Workspace Report A. The synthesis of protein in RNA
The transmission of genetic information

36. F factor plasmids play a major role in B. from one independent, mature organism to
another
A. conjugation
The transmission of genetic information
B. replication C.
from parent to offspring
C. transduction The synthesis of RNA from a DNA
D.
template
D. trasnscription
Answer: Option B
37. Which of the following genetic elements carry the

genes required for integration into host
chromosomes?
A. Replicon
B. Plasmids
1. Large parasites such as helminthes may be killed They are antigens found in all members of
extracellularly by the action of A.
different species
A. basophils
They are antigens found in some members
B.
B. monocytes of a species
C. eosinophils They are antigens found in all members of

C.
a species
D. neutrophils
They are antigens found in some members
Answer: Option C D.
Explanation: of different species
No answer description available for this Answer: Option B
2. Which of the following is correct for CD8 T cells?
CD8 T cells only recognize virus-infected
A. 5. Numerous antibodies can be prepared, against
cells
one antigen, each binds to unique epitopes. How
CD8 T cell receptor recognizes epitopes is this antibody diversity generated?
B. that are also commonly recognized by B By rearrangements of the DNA encoding
cells A. the variable regions of the heavy and light
chains
In the thymus, CD8 T cells undergo
C. positive selection only, whereas CD4 T By the combination of different heavy and
cells undergo negative selection only B. light chains that form the antigen binding
site
CD8 T cells can kill individual virus-infected
D.
cells in a contact dependent fashion Antibody proteins can physically change
C.
Answer: Option D their shape to bind different epitopes
Explanation:
No answer description available for this D. Both (a) and (b)
question. Let us discuss. Answer: Option D
3. Passive immunization is done for Forum Workspace Report
A. tuberculosis
6. Which of the following expresses CD3 surface
B. diphtheria
antigen?
C. enteric fever A. Granulocytes
D. all of these B. T cells

Answer: Option B
C. Monocytes
Explanation:
No answer description available for this D. B cells
View Answer Discuss in Answer: Option B
4. Which of the following is correct for isoantigens?
10. Treatment with bacterial endotoxins results blast
formation in
7. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (or PMNs)
A. B cells
can be attracted to the site of an infection
A.
following activation of complement B. T cells
B. are derived from bone marrow stem cells C. monocytes
are a type of phagocyte that can engulf D. none of these

C.
and kill bacteria
Answer: Option A
D. all of the above Explanation:
11. Cytotoxic T-cells can be recognized by which of
the following cell surface marker?
A. CD4
8. Major Histo Compatibility Complex (MHC) is a
collection of genes arrayed on B. CD7
chromosome 21 in man, chromosome 6 in
A. C. CD8
mice
chromosome 6 in man, chromosone 21 in D. CD9

B.
mice Answer: Option C
Explanation:
chromosome 17in man, chromosome 6 in No answer description available for this
C.
mice question. Let us discuss.
chromosome 6 in man, chromosome 17 in
mice
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
12. Which is not an antigen-presenting cell (or APC)?
question. Let us discuss. A. B cell
Forum Workspace Report B. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (or PMN)
C. Dendritic cell
9. CD8 surface antigen is present in D. All of the above
A. cytotoxic T cells Answer: Option B
Explanation:
B. suppresssor T cells No answer description available for this
C. both (a) and (b) View Answer Discuss in
D. none of these
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
13. Chemically an antigen may be
question. Let us discuss. A. lipid
Forum Workspace Report B. protein
C. polysaccharide
D. any of these Explanation:
17. Natural killer cells are involved in
A. tumour rejection
14. T cell receptors (or TCR) on CD4+ T cells B. allograft rejection
recognize peptides not associated with
A. non-specific killing of virus transformed
MHC molecules C.
target cells
recognize peptides associated with MHC
B. D. all of these
class I molecules
Answer: Option D
recognize peptides associated with MHC Explanation:
C.
class II molecules No answer description available for this
are secreted out into the environment to question. Let us discuss.
D. View Answer Discuss in
bind antigens
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
18. Which of the following(s) is/are the determinants
of antigenicity?
Forum Workspace Report A. Chemical nature
B. Size of the antigen

15. Which of the following proteins would not need C. Foreignness
localization signal?
A. A nuclear protein D. All of these
Answer: Option D
B. A cytosolic protein Explanation:
A protein bound to the endoplasmic question. Let us discuss.
C.
reticulum (ER) membrane View Answer Discuss in
D. A cell surface protein
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
19. Which of the following is correct?
question. Let us discuss. A. All T Cells are CD4+
Forum Workspace Report B. An epitope can have multiple antigens
T Cell receptors are generated by random

C.
assortment of gene cassettes
16. Following are the defenses of the colon except
A. sIgA MHC Class II molecules are generated by
D.
random assortment of gene cassettes
B. fast flow rate
Answer: Option C
C. dense resident microbiota Explanation:
D. mucus question. Let us discuss.
intestinal epithelia cells
20. Immunity is not long lasting to
pass bacteria or virus to underlying
A. influenza C. macrophages for processing and
presentation of antigen
B. whooping cough
they use their cilia to propel mucus out of
C. diphtheria D.
the small intestine
D. mumps Answer: Option C
Explanation:
24. Which of the following statements is false

regarding B cells?
21. Lysozyme is present in
B cells can undergo class switching and
A. sweat A.
produce a different antibody type
B. Cerebro spinal fluid (CSF)
B one marrow stem cells migrate to the
B.
C. urine thymus and develop into B cells
D. saliva B cells synthesize antibodies and put them

C.
on their cell surface
Answer: Option D
Explanation: B cells that recognize high concentrations
No answer description available for this of antigens (self) in the absence of other
question. Let us discuss. D.
signals undergo apoptosis in the bone
View Answer Discuss in marrow
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
22. Macrophages are professional antigen- question. Let us discuss.
presenting cells. The protein molecule through View Answer Discuss in
which they present antigen in human is Forum Workspace Report
A. actin
B. interleukin
C. HLA
D. CD8
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
23. The role of the M cell is to

A. trap virus in mucus and prevent entry
B. induce apoptosis in virus-infected small

Bacteria - Section 1 B. Streptococcus
1. Which of the following is/are not a gram-positive
bacteria? C. Staphylococcus
A. Streptococci D. Mycobacterium
B. Pseudomonas Answer: Option B

Explanation:
C. Mycobacteria No answer description available for this
D. None of these View Answer Discuss in
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. 5. Which of the following gram-negative bacteria
View Answer Discuss in is/are not aerobic?
Forum Workspace Report A. Pseudomonas
B. Neisseria
2. Gram-positive bacteria, responsible for food
poisoning, is/are C. Escherichia
A. Mycoplasmas D. None of these
B. Pseudomonas Answer: Option C

Explanation:
C. Clostridia No answer description available for this
D. all of these View Answer Discuss in
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. 6. The enzyme, which hydrolyses the murein is
View Answer Discuss in A. perxoidase
B. tannase
C. lysozyme
3. The gram-positive bacteria lack __________
structure/component? D. none of these
A. outer membrane Answer: Option C
Explanation:
B. murein
C. teichoic acid question. Let us discuss.
D. plasma membrane Forum Workspace Report
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
No answer description available for this 7. Bacterial spoilage is identified by which of the
question. Let us discuss. following morphological characteristics?
View Answer Discuss in A. Encapsulation
B. Endospores
C. Cell aggregation
4. Which of the following gram-positive bacteria
causes pharyngitis (sore throat)? D. All of these
A. Neisseria Answer: Option D
Explanation: 11. Gram-negative bacterium is/are
No answer description available for this A. Escherichia
View Answer Discuss in B. Clostridia
C. Staphylococci
8. Bacteria are D. All of these
A. saprophytic Answer: Option A

Explanation:
B. symbiotic No answer description available for this
C. hyper parasitic View Answer Discuss in
D. all of these
Answer: Option A
Explanation: 12. Thermus thermopiles is a
A. gram negative eubacteria
View Answer Discuss in B. gram positive eubacteria
C. gram negative archebacteria
9. Gram-negative bacteria, responsible for food D. gram positive archebacteria

poisoning, is/are Answer: Option A
A. Salmonella Explanation:
B. Pseudomonas question. Let us discuss.
C. Clostridia Forum Workspace Report
D. None of these
Answer: Option A 13. Which of the following is a gram-positive
Explanation: bacteria?
No answer description available for this A. Lactobacillus
View Answer Discuss in B. Staphylococci
C. Streptococci
10. Coliform bacteria on fermentation of D. All of these

carbohydrates yields Answer: Option D
A. lactic acid Explanation:
B. acetic acid question. Let us discuss.
C. formic acid Forum Workspace Report
D. all of these
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Viruses - Section 1 B. there are no host cells present
1. Which of the following disinfectant is effective C. nutrients are scarce

against viruses?
D. spikes are forming in the new virus
A. Hydrogen peroxide
Answer: Option A
B. Hypochlorite Explanation:
C. Formaldehyde question. Let us discuss.
D. All of these Forum Workspace Report
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
No answer description available for this 5. The sequence of nucleic acid in a variety of
question. Let us discuss. viruses and viral host, will find more similarities
View Answer Discuss in among different viruses than between
Forum Workspace Report A.
viruses and their hosts
among different viral hosts than among

B.
2. Viruses largely lack metabolic machinery of their different viruses
own to generate energy or to synthesize
among different viral hosts than between
A. protein C.
viruses and their hosts
B. carbohydrate between viruses and their hosts than
D.
among different viruses
C. alcohol
Answer: Option D
D. all of these Explanation:
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
6. When a virus enters a cell but does not replicate
immediately, the situation is called
3. Viruses require __________ for growth. A. lysogeny
A. bacteria B. fermentation
B. plants C. symbiosis
C. animals D. synergism
D. living cells Answer: Option A
Explanation:
7. Usually viruses are separated into several large
groups based primarily on
4. Reverse transcriptase is a useful enzyme to have
when A. nature of the host
A. an RNA virus converts its RNA to DNA B. nucleic acid characteristics
C. capsid symmetry View Answer Discuss in Forum Workspace Report
11. Edward Jenner began inoculating humans with material fro
D. diameter of the viroin or nucleocapsid A. Smallpox
Answer: Option A
Explanation: B. Avianpox
C. Cowpox
View Answer Discuss in D. Chickenpox
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
8. The first step in infection of a host bacterial cells View Answer Discuss in Forum Workspace Report
by a phage is
A. adsorption
12. The viruses in an attenuated vaccine
B. absorption
A. have no genome
C. penetration
B. continue to replicate
D. replication
C. are usually larger than bacteria
Answer: Option A
Explanation: D. is altered with chemicals
9. Which of the following viruses has not been
associated with human cancer?
A. Hepatitis C virus 13. Enveloped viruses have a __________ shape.
B. Hepatitis B virus A. icosahedral
C. Varicella-Zoster virus B. helical
D. Herpes simplex virus type 2 C. roughly spherical

Answer: Option C D. complex
Explanation:
No answer description available for this Answer: Option C
10. The viral nucleocapsid is the combination of
A. genome and capsid 14. The envelope of which of the following viruses is
derived from the host cell nucleus?
B. capsid and spikes
A. Paramyxoviruses
C. envelope and capsid
B. Retroviruses
D. capsomere and genome
C. Orthomyxoviruses
Answer: Option A
Explanation: D. Herpesviruses
Answer: Option D B. transformation of cells
Explanation:
No answer description available for this C. syncytium formation
View Answer Discuss in D. rounding and aggregation of cells
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
15. Which of the following is semi-continuous (diploid) cell line? question. Let us discuss.
A. HeLa View Answer Discuss in
B. HEp-2
C. WI-38
19. A change from lysogeny to lysis is generally
D. KB induced by
A. ultraviolet light
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
B. chemicals
View Answer Discuss in Forum Workspace Report C. irradiation
16. Plant viruses may be cultivated in D. all of these
A. tissue culture Answer: Option A
Explanation:
B. cultures of separated cells No answer description available for this
C. whole plants View Answer Discuss in
D. all of these
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
20. The viral DNA is removed from the host's
chromosomes and the lytic cycle occurs. The
process is called
A. spontaneous induction
17. The oncogene theory refers to B. inductive infection
how chemicals inactivate viruses when
A. C. resultant induction
applied
B. how viruses replicate in host cells D. spontaneous infection

Answer: Option A
how viruses transform normal cells into Explanation:
C.
tumor cells
Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. 21. The lysogenic state is governed by the activity of
View Answer Discuss in the regulatory region of the lambda phage
Forum Workspace Report genomes; this region is termed as
A. immunity repressor
18. In cell culture, measles virus may lead to B. immunity operon
A. nuclear pyknosis
C. operon repressor
Explanation:
25. Which of the following viruses show/s
transformation of infected cells?
A. Hepatitis B virus
B. Human T cell lymphotronic virus type I

22. The capsomeres consist of a number of proteins
subunits or molecules called C. Epstein-Barr virus
A. protomers
D. All of these
B. caproprotein Answer: Option D
Explanation:
C. procapsid
D. none of these
Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. 26. Which of the following may affect proteins and
View Answer Discuss in nucleic acids, but not viruses?
A. Denaturation
B. Enzyme treatment
23. In order for a virus to replicate
the capsid must enter the host cell C. Pressure
A.
cytoplasm
D. All of these
B. the host cell must be undergoing mitosis Answer: Option D
Explanation:
the genome must be released in the No answer description available for this
C.
cytoplasm question. Let us discuss.
D. the host cell must lack a cell membrane Forum Workspace Report
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
No answer description available for this 27. The viral DNA of the temperate phage, instead of
question. Let us discuss. taking over the functions of the cell's genes, is
View Answer Discuss in incorporated into the host DNA and becomes a
Forum Workspace Report prophage in the bacterial chromosome, acting as
a gene. This happens in
A. lysogeny
24. Which of the following viruses belong to family
Flaviviridae? B. spontaneous induction
A. Rubella virus
C. lytic phase
B. Yellow fever virus
D. none of these
C. Hepatitis C virus Answer: Option A
Explanation:
D. All of these No answer description available for this
31. The size of viruses is usually measured in
28. Which of the following statements is not true of A. centimeters

viruses?
B. micrometers
Viruses have been successfully grown in
A.
pure cultures in test tubes C. nanometers
All viruses are obligatory intracellular D. millimeters

B.
parasites Answer: Option C
Explanation:
All viruses have either DNA or RNA as
their genetic material
Viruses probably arose from small View Answer Discuss in
fragments of cellular chromosomes
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
No answer description available for this 32. The temperate phage that have no site specificity
question. Let us discuss. for insertion and may even be able to insert
View Answer Discuss in multiple copies of their DNA into a single bacterial
Forum Workspace Report chromosome is
A. phage enzyme
B. DNA
29. Which of the following viruses belong/s to family
caliciviridae? C. Phage Mu
A. Hepatitis B virus
D. Phage Mn
B. Hepatitis D virus Answer: Option C
Explanation:
C. Hepatitis E virus
D. All of these question. Let us discuss.
Explanation:
View Answer Discuss in 33. Enzyme neuraminidase is carried by which of the
Forum Workspace Report following viruses?
A. Human immunodeficiency virus
B. Epstein-Barr virus
30. In the simplest capsid, there is a capsomere at
each of the 12 vertices; this capsomere, which is C. Influenza virus
surrounded by five other capsomeres, is termed a
A. penton D. Adenovirus
Answer: Option C
B. polyhedra Explanation:
C. icosahedral
D. helical View Answer Discuss in
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. 34. Lysozyme (an endolysin) which will lyse the
View Answer Discuss in bacterial cell, releasing the mature virions is
Forum Workspace Report present in
A. immediate early phage genes
B. late genes Explanation:
C. delayed early genes question. Let us discuss.
D. all of these Forum Workspace Report
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
No answer description available for this 38. Group E phages have
question. Let us discuss. A. single stranded DNA
Forum Workspace Report B. double stranded DNA
C. single stranded RNA

35. Which of the following is continuous cell line? D. double stranded DNA
A. HeLa
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
B. HEp-2
C. KB question. Let us discuss.
D. All of these Forum Workspace Report
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
No answer description available for this 39. The temperate phage possesses a gene that
question. Let us discuss. codes for a repressor protein which makes the
View Answer Discuss in cell resistant to lysis initiated by
Forum Workspace Report A. the prophage
B. lytic infection by other viruses

36. The repressor protein, since the cell is resistant to
lysis from externally infecting phage, is also called C. Both (a) and (b)
A. immunity repressor D. none of these
B. immunity operon Answer: Option C
Explanation:
C. operon repressor No answer description available for this
D. none of these View Answer Discuss in
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. 40. The bacterial viruses having head made up of
View Answer Discuss in large capsomeres, but no tail is morphologically
Forum Workspace Report classified as
A. A
37. Which of the following virus is susceptible to B. B

chloroform?
C. C
A. Herpes
D. D
B. Influenza
Answer: Option D
C. Measles Explanation:
D. All of these question. Let us discuss.
Answer: Option D
Viruses - Section 2 A. Herpes B virus
1. The most complex type of bacterial viruses having
hexagonal head, a rigid tail with a contractile B. Vaccinia virus
sheath and tall fibers is morphologically classified
C. Herpes simplex virus
as
A. A D. all of these
Answer: Option D
B. B
Explanation:
C. C No answer description available for this
D. D View Answer Discuss in
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. 5. Which one is not useful in the treatment of viruses
View Answer Discuss in except
Forum Workspace Report A. acyclovir
B. interferon
2. Which of the following is not true of virions?
C. penicillin
A. Reproduce independently
D. antibodies
B. Contain DNA
Answer: Option C
C. Contain RNA Explanation:
D. Are extracellular question. Let us discuss.
Explanation:
View Answer Discuss in 6. The infected cells continue to reproduce
Forum Workspace Report themselves as well as the virus, and the mature
virions are extruded from the cell surface
continuously over a long period of time. This type
of release mechanism is called a
3. Bacteriophages have been used widely in genetic
research, since they are the smallest and simplest A. productive infection
biological entities capable of
B. inductive infection
A. self-replication
C. resultant infection
B. duplication
D. all of these
C. self-duplication
Answer: Option A
D. multiplication Explanation:
7. What kind of embryo is often used for viral
assays?
4. Lesions on chorioallantoic membrane are A. Mouse

produced by
B. Rat Answer: Option B
Explanation:
C. Cat No answer description available for this
D. Chicken View Answer Discuss in
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. 11. Inclusion bodies of measles virus are
View Answer Discuss in A. intracytoplasmic
B. intranuclear
C. both (a) and (b)

8. The envelope of an enveloped virus is derived
from D. none of these
A. the mitochondrion of the cell Answer: Option C
Explanation:
B. the cell membrane No answer description available for this
C. the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell
D. none of these Forum Workspace Report
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
No answer description available for this 12. The most efficient way to enclose a space is
question. Let us discuss. within a/an
View Answer Discuss in A. sphere
B. cube
C. icosahedron
9. The most popular indirect method of counting
virus particles is by D. helix
A. hemagglutination assay Answer: Option C
Explanation:
B. plaque-assay No answer description available for this
C. counting plaque-forming units
D. colony counting Forum Workspace Report
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
No answer description available for this 13. Which of the following is an example of rod-
question. Let us discuss. shaped viruses having their capsomeres arranged
View Answer Discuss in helically and not in the stacked ring?
Forum Workspace Report A. Bateriophage M13
B. Bateriophage MV-L2
10. Which of the following viruses belong to family C. Bateriophage T2
Hepadnaviridae?
A. Hepatitis A virus D. Bateriophage T4
Answer: Option A
B. Hepatitis B virus Explanation:
C. Hepatitis D virus
D. All of these View Answer Discuss in
Explanation:
14. During the first 10 minutes after injection of phage question. Let us discuss.
DNA, no phage can be recovered by disrupting View Answer Discuss in
the infected bacterium. This is termed as Forum Workspace Report
A. eclipse period
B. rise period 18. Which of the following viruses are relatively

thermostable?
C. latent period
A. Human immunodeficiency virus
D. burst size
B. Rubella virus
Answer: Option A
Explanation: C. Hepatits A virus
question. Let us discuss. D. Influenza virus
Forum Workspace Report Answer: Option C
Explanation:
15. The function of a viral capsid is View Answer Discuss in
Forum Workspace
A. protection against the viral genome from physical and enzymatic destructionReport
providing binding sites that enable the virus to attach to specific receptor sites on the host
B.
cell 19. The time from infection until lysis is called as
A. eclipse period
C. serving as a vehicle of transmission from one host to another
D. all of the above B. rise period

Answer: Option D C. latent period
Explanation:
D. burst size
Answer: Option C
16. Which of the following oncogenic viruses was first detected? Explanation:
A. Rous sarcoma virus. question. Let us discuss.
B. Epstein-Barr virus Forum Workspace Report
C. Herpes simplex virus type 2
D. Human T cell leukaemia virus 20. Virus reproduces in living cells by

Answer: Option A A. replication
Explanation:
B. duplication
C. multiplication
D. all of these
17. The yield of phage per bacterium is called the
Answer: Option A
A. eclipse size Explanation:
B. latent size question. Let us discuss.
C. burst size
D. none of these
Answer: Option C
21. Which of the following virus is enveloped? C. T6
A. Adeno
D. all of these
B. Herpes Answer: Option D
Explanation:
C. Polio
D. None of these question. Let us discuss.
Explanation:
View Answer Discuss in 25. Which of the following statements is correct?
Forum Workspace Report Up to 10% of human tumours have a viral
A.
risk factor
Up to 40% of human tumours have a viral

22. Which of the following viruses can rescue B.
adenovirus in simian cells? risk factor
A. Rabies Up to 30% of human tumours have a viral

C.
risk factor
B. Vaccinia
Up to 20% of human tumours have a viral
C. Simian virus 40 D.
risk factor
D. Cytomegalovirus Answer: Option D
Explanation:
26. Which of the following are obligate intracellular
parasites?
23. The phage components begin to assemble into
A. Chlamydia
mature phages only after the synthesis of
A. structural protein B. Viruses
B. nucleic acid C. Rickettsia
C. Both (a) and (b) D. All of these

Answer: Option D
D. amino acids
Explanation:
27. Viruses can be purified based on their size and
density by using
24. Which of the following bacteriophage is said to
A. gradient centrifugation
have banal symmetry?
A. T2 B. differential centrifugation
B. T4 C. precipitation
D. none of these Answer: Option A
Explanation:
3. Which of the following is best to sterilize heat
labile solutions?
28. The extracellular phage number increases until a
constant titer at the end of the multiplication cycle. A. Dry heat
This time interval is termed as B. Autoclave
A. eclipse period
C. Membrane filtration
B. rise period
D. Pasteurization
C. latent period Answer: Option C
Explanation:
D. burst size
4. The time required to kill 90% of the
microorganisms in a sample at a specific
temperature is the
A. decimal reduction time
Physical and Chemical Agents - Section 1
B. thermal death point
1. Which of the following articles can be sterilized in
an autoclave? C. F value
A. Gloves
D. D value
B. Culture media Answer: Option D
Explanation:
C. Dressing material No answer description available for this
D. All of these
Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. 5. Which of the following is best used for long term
View Answer Discuss in storage of microbial samples when carried out
Forum Workspace Report properly?
A. Storage in a freezer at -10C
2. Which of the following disinfectants act by Storage in a freezer at ultra low
disrupting microbial membranes? B.
temperatures (-70C)
A. Cationic detergents
C. Storage in a refrigerator on an agar slant
B. Halogens
Storage on a petri plate at room
D.
C. Heavy metals temperature
Answer: Option B
D. Aldehydes
Explanation:
No answer description available for this 9. Which of the following substances can sterilize?
question. Let us discuss. A. Alcohol
Forum Workspace Report B. Cetylpyridinium chloride
C. Ethylene oxide
6. Which of the following is not a disinfectant
containing a heavy metal? D. Chlorine
A. Silver nitrate Answer: Option C
Explanation:
B. Mercurochrome No answer description available for this
C. Copper sulfate View Answer Discuss in
D. Chlorine
Answer: Option D
Explanation: 10. Milk is pasteurized in batch method by keeping it
No answer description available for this at
View Answer Discuss in A. 63C for 30 minutes
B. 72C for 60 seconds
C. 73C for 30 minutes

7. Which is the most important surface active
disinfectants? D. 72C for 6 minutes
A. Amphoteric compounds Answer: Option A
Explanation:
B. Cationic compounds No answer description available for this
C. Non-ionic compounds View Answer Discuss in
D. Anionic compounds
Answer: Option B
Explanation: 11. Preservation of foods by using salts and sugars
No answer description available for this works by
A. raising pH
Forum Workspace Report B. lowering osmotic pressure
C. creating a hypertonic environment

8. Which disinfectant would be most effective
against Staphylococcus found in a blood spill? D. creating a hypotonic environment
A. Phenol Answer: Option C

Explanation:
B. Cetylpyridinium chloride No answer description available for this
C. Hexachlorophene View Answer Discuss in
D. None of these
Answer: Option D
Explanation: 12. Which of the following items could be sterilized by
No answer description available for this dry heat sterilization?
question. Let us discuss. A. Intravenous (IV) solution
Forum Workspace Report B. Plastic IV bags
C. Glass pipettes No answer description available for this
D. rubber gloves View Answer Discuss in
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
16. Bactericidal concentration of phenol is
View Answer Discuss in A. 0.25%
B. 0.5%
C. 0.75%
13. Which of the following does not kill endospores?
A. Autoclave D. 1%
Answer: Option D
B. Incineration Explanation:
C. Hot air sterilization question. Let us discuss.
D. Pasteurization
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
17. Which of the following is most effective for
sterilizing mattresses and plastic petri plates?
Forum Workspace Report A. Chlorine
B. Ethylene oxide
14. Which disinfectant was the most effective C. Glutaraldehyde
against Salmonella"?
A. Phenol D. Ultraviolet radiation
Answer: Option B
B. Cetylpyridinium chloride Explanation:
C. Hexachlorophene question. Let us discuss.
D. Merthiolate
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
18. Which of the following skin disinfectant(s) is/are
most frequently used?
Forum Workspace Report A. Isopropyl alcohol
B. Ethyl alcohol
15. If a canning procedure is not properly followed, C. Both (a) and (b)
which type of microbe is most likely to grow in the
canned food? D. none of these
A. Obligate Aerobe Answer: Option C
Explanation:
B. Acidophile No answer description available for this
C. Mesophile View Answer Discuss in
D. Obligate Anaerobe
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
19. All of the following are sporicidal except A. pasteurization
A. glutaraldehyde
B. UV radiation
B. ethylene oxide
C. dry heat
C. formaldehyde
D. tyndalization
D. alcohol Answer: Option B
Answer: Option D Explanation:
23. A(n)____is used to prevent infection by killing or

20. Which of the following describes the effect of inhibiting pathogen growth on animal tissues.
ionizing radiation on microbes?
A. bacteriostatic agent
Changes the 3-dimensional structure of
A. B. sanitizer
proteins to a 2-dimen-sional form
Substantially decreases enzymatic activity, C. disinfectant

B.
slowing microbial reproduction
D. antiseptic
Induces electrons and protons to jump out Answer: Option D
C.
of the molecules of the microbe Explanation:
D. None of the above question. Let us discuss.
View Answer Discuss in 24. One drawback to the use of ultraviolet light as a
Forum Workspace Report sterilizing agent is its
A. failure to kill bacteria
21. The process of making an object free from living
B. failure to bacterial spores
organisms including bacterial and fungal spores
and viruses is known as failure to kill microbes in a closed
C.
A. pasteurization environment
B. antisepsis failure to kill microbes located in the center

D.
of an object
C. disinfection
Answer: Option D
D. sterilization Explanation:
25. Ethylene oxide is used to destroy or kill which of
the following microbes?
22. Media containing spores and thermolabile A. Bacteria

constituents are sterilized by
B. Spores
C. Fungi D. desiccation
D. All of these Answer: Option A

Explanation:
29. Which of the following is bactericidal?
26. Which of the following was the first widely used A. Membrane filtration
antiseptic and disinfectant?
B. Ionizing radiation
A. Chlorine
C. Freeze-drying
B. Phenol
D. Deep freezing
C. Iodine
Answer: Option B
D. Alcohol Explanation:
30. Which of the following process can be efficiently
carried out by incineration?
27. If a 1:600 dilution of a test compound kills a A. Sterilization of scalpel blades and needles
standard population of Staphylococcus aureus in
10 minutes but not 5 minutes while a 1:60 dilution B. Sterilization of all glass syringes
of phenol kills the population in the same time,
C. Sterilization of points of forceps
what is the phenol coefficient of the test
compound? D. Destruction of contaminated materials
A. 1 Answer: Option D
Explanation:
B. 5
C. 10 question. Let us discuss.
D. 50 Forum Workspace Report
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
31. The organisms retained in the fluids filtered by
Seitz filter is
View Answer Discuss in A. Proteus
B. Staphylococcus
C. Clostridium
28. Microbes can be removed from a liquid solution
by the process of D. None of these
A. filtration Answer: Option D
Explanation:
B. freeze-drying No answer description available for this
C. osmosis
Forum Workspace Report A. decimal reduction time
B. thermal death point

32. Which of the following material is sterilized by
heating at 160C in a hot air oven for one hour? C. thermal death temperature
A. Swab sticks D. F value
B. All-glass syringes Answer: Option D
Explanation:
C. Oils and jellies No answer description available for this
Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. 36. Which of the following is a limitation of the
View Answer Discuss in autoclave?
Forum Workspace Report A. It takes too long to sterilize
B. It lacks the ability to inactivate viruses

33. For sterilization of which material gamma rays
can be used? C. It lacks the ability to kill endospores
A. Catheters D. It will destroy heat labile materials
B. Plastic syringes Answer: Option D

Explanation:
C. Canulas No answer description available for this
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. 37. Which of the following has most heat resistant
View Answer Discuss in spores?
Forum Workspace Report A. Clostridium histolyticum
B. Clostridium perfringens
34. Which of the following is sterilized with the help of
glutaraldehyde? C. Bacillus stearothermophilus
A. Thermometers D. Bacillus cereus
B. Bronchoscopes Answer: Option C

Explanation:
C. Cystoscopes No answer description available for this
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. 38. The lowest temperature that kills all
View Answer Discuss in microorganisms in a liquid suspension in 10
Forum Workspace Report minutes is known as the
A. decimal reduction time
35. The time in minutes at a specific temperature B. thermal death point

needed to kill a population of cells is the
C. thermal death temperature Explanation:
D. thermal death time question. Let us discuss.
Explanation:
View Answer Discuss in 42. Which of the following methods will not sterilize?
Forum Workspace Report A. Aqueous glutaraldehyde for 10 hours
B. Dry heat at 171C for 1 to 2 hours

39. Which of the following tests is designed to 121C at 15 lb/in pressure for 15 to 20
simulate the natural conditions under which the C.
minutes
disinfectants are used in hospitals?
A. Phenol coefficient test D. 100C boiling water for 30 minutes
Answer: Option D
B. Minimum inhibitory concentration test Explanation:
C. Capacity test
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. 43. Which of the following is/are vapour-phase
View Answer Discuss in disinfectant/s?
Forum Workspace Report A. Formaldehyde
B. Ethylene oxide
40. Steam exposure of a material at 100C for 20
C. Both (a) and (b)
minutes for three consecutive days is known as
A. inspissation D. None of these
Answer: Option C
B. tyndallization
Explanation:
C. autoclaving No answer description available for this
D. none of these View Answer Discuss in
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
question. Let us discuss. 44. Sweet and salty foods frequently don't require
View Answer Discuss in refrigeration to prevent spoilage because they
Forum Workspace Report have
A. insufficient nutrients
41. Which of the following material is sterilized by use B. low pH

of red heat?
C. high concentration of solutes
A. Soiled dressings
D. toxic alkaline chemicals
B. Inoculating wires and loops
Answer: Option C
C. Glass slides Explanation:
D. All-glass syringes question. Let us discuss.
Identification of Bacteria - Section 1
45. Iodophores are mixture of 1. The gram-negative organisms is

A. iodine and aldehydes A. Actinomyces
B. iodine and surface active agents B. Bacillus
C. iodine and alcohols C. Clostridium
D. iodine and phenols D. None of these

Answer: Option B Answer: Option D
46. Which of the following compounds are commonly 2. Catalase production is negative in which of the
used as general antiseptics to treat cuts and following?
scratches?
A. Streptococcus
A. Aldehydes
B. Salmonella
B. Ethylene oxide
C. Proteus
C. Halogens
D. Staphylococcus
D. None of these
Answer: Option A
3. Which of the following is a substitute for crystal

47. Complete destruction of the microorganisms is violet used in gram-staining procedure?
commonly known as
A. Methylene blue
A. disinfection
B. Bromocresol green
B. sterilization
C. Safranin
C. antisepsis
D. Phenolpthalene
D. none of these
Answer: Option A
4. Which of the following inference(s) indicate(s) the

ability of an organism to utilize citrate as a sole
source of carbon in Simmon's citrate medium?
A. Blue colour
B. Appearance of growth
8. Which of the following is commonly used as
C. Both (a) and (b)
Gram's decolouriser?
D. None of these A. Ethyl alcohol
B. Methyl alcohol
C. Acetone
5. The organisms that can be acid-fast stained is D. A mixture of ethyl alcohol and acetone
A. Nocardia Answer: Option D
Explanation:
B. Tubercle bacilli No answer description available for this
C. Lepra bacilli View Answer Discuss in
D. all of these
Answer: Option D
Explanation: 9. Production of acetoin can be detected by which of
No answer description available for this the following tests?
View Answer Discuss in A. Citrate test
B. Voges-Proskauer test
C. Methyl red test

6. The primary stain of Gram's method is
D. Indole test
A. safranin
Answer: Option B
B. phenolpthalene Explanation:
C. crystal violet question. Let us discuss.
D. methyl red Forum Workspace Report
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
No answer description available for this 10. The production of sufficient acid by fermentation
question. Let us discuss. of glucose leads to decrease in pH such that pH
View Answer Discuss in of the medium falls below 4.5. Which of the
Forum Workspace Report following test can detect it?
A. Indole test
7. At what concentration of sulphuric acid, Nocardia B. Methyl red test
resists decolourization?
A. 0.5% sulphuric acid C. Citrate utilization test
B. 5% sulphuric acid D. Voges-Proskauer test

Answer: Option B
C. 10% sulphuric acid Explanation:
D. 8% sulphuric acid question. Let us discuss.

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Micro Organisms - Section 1 B.

Darwin and Woese

A. phosphoglycerides D. Berg and Hooke

B. polyisoprenoid Answer: Option A

B. polyisoprenoid 7. Evolutionary relationships between groups of

B. It is made of a single cell

D. All of these C. Fungi

A. R.J. Petri, an assistant of R. Koch D. cells arise by division of preexisting cells

B. A famous French cook Answer: Option B

B. eukaryotes evolved from archaea

B. Ronald Ross D. All of these

B. algae D. all of these

when prokaryotes engulfed each other and

just before the origin of the animal and B. Methanobacteria

B. Paul Ehrlich B. archaea

C. Louis Pasteur C. eubacteria

D. Alexander Fleming D. none of these

45. Archeal cells usually do not contain

B. N-acetylmuramic acid and D-amino acids B. the three domain system

N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid and D-amino C. the prokaryote-eukaryote system

49. Which of the following is not found in the kingdom

C. Ability to reproduce B. Study of nucleic acid

D. Ability to use energy C. Study of bacteria

Presence of both a macronucleus and

D. Possess a light-detecting eye spot B. prokaryotes developed from eukaryotes

C. Bdellovibrios Answer: Option B

2. A cluster of polar flagella is called B. Diplococci

B. amphitrichous D. None of these

C. monotrichous Answer: Option B

C. spinning like a propeller 7. Peptidoglycan accounts for __________ of the

B. reproduce 12. Peptidoglycan is also known as

D. none of these 15. The last step in synthesis of peptidoglycan is

attaching two amino acids to form a cross- D. none of the above

16. Cytoplasmic inclusions include C. sheath

B. removal of the subunit from bactoprenol

B. It is present in prokaryotic cell wall

multiple layer of peptidoglycan that helps to

B. petritrichous periplasmic space that traps the crystal

B. outer membranes of gram positive bacteria C. Braun lipoprotein

C. cell walls of gram negative bacteria D. Electron transport system components

the cytoplasmic membrane of both gram- Answer: Option A

48. Which of the following has Chinese letter B. Gram-negative bacteria

49. The other name for peptidoglycan is B. Stalks

Cell Cultures and Characteristics - Section 1

B. Lactobacilli D. -48 to -58C

the melting and solidifying points of agar

A. pathogenic properties C. Both (a) and (b)

B. special carbon source D. Streak plate technique

C. special nitrogen source Answer: Option C

21. A medium containing crystal violet dye plus B. enriched medium

22. Which of the following bacteria can grow in B. Gram staining

B. sterile liquid usually water D. none of these

B. incubation temperature D. Shigella

2. Which of the following groups contain(s) many

D. none of these Acetogens (acetigens; acetate-producing

35. Selective media facilitate growth of only one kind

B. gram positive bacteria B. pressure difference

C. yeasts C. ionic difference

D. acid fast organisms D. all of these