Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

    • 2K views

    Rizal Chapter 16

    Uploaded by

    Janella Joyce Asinas
    This document discusses various titles and perspectives related to Jose Rizal, the Philippine national hero. It describes how Rizal was viewed by both Filipinos and foreigners, including as the "First Filipino", "Great Malayan", and as an inspiration for other Asian independence leaders like Gandhi. The document also outlines several religious sects that elevated Rizal to supernatural status and considered him a messiah or Christ-like figure. Additionally, it notes debates around whether Rizal deserved to be the national hero and discusses the first Rizal monuments built in his honor.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Rizal Chapter 16

    Uploaded by

    Janella Joyce Asinas
    2K views4 pages
    This document discusses various titles and perspectives related to Jose Rizal, the Philippine national hero. It describes how Rizal was viewed by both Filipinos and foreigners, including as the "First Filipino", "Great Malayan", and as an inspiration for other Asian independence leaders like Gandhi. The document also outlines several religious sects that elevated Rizal to supernatural status and considered him a messiah or Christ-like figure. Additionally, it notes debates around whether Rizal deserved to be the national hero and discusses the first Rizal monuments built in his honor.

    Original Description:

    Rizal Chapter 16 summary

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses various titles and perspectives related to Jose Rizal, the Philippine national hero. It describes how Rizal was viewed by both Filipinos and foreigners, including as the "First Filipino", "Great Malayan", and as an inspiration for other Asian independence leaders like Gandhi. The document also outlines several religious sects that elevated Rizal to supernatural status and considered him a messiah or Christ-like figure. Additionally, it notes debates around whether Rizal deserved to be the national hero and discusses the first Rizal monuments built in his honor.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    2K views4 pages

    Rizal Chapter 16

    Uploaded by

    Janella Joyce Asinas
    This document discusses various titles and perspectives related to Jose Rizal, the Philippine national hero. It describes how Rizal was viewed by both Filipinos and foreigners, including as the "First Filipino", "Great Malayan", and as an inspiration for other Asian independence leaders like Gandhi. The document also outlines several religious sects that elevated Rizal to supernatural status and considered him a messiah or Christ-like figure. Additionally, it notes debates around whether Rizal deserved to be the national hero and discusses the first Rizal monuments built in his honor.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    CHAPTER 16

    Various Titles
    First Filipino Leon Ma. Guerrero (in his
    book of the same title)
    Great Malayan because of his race
    Philippine Patriot Austin Craig (one of the
    first biographers of Rizal)
    great exemplar, a model Filipino- to many
    Filipinos
    only national hero of the Phils. to most
    Filipinos
    Tagalog Christ or a saint realm of the
    supernatural
    Titles which denigrate Rizal
    Last Spaniard Nick Joaquin (contrast to
    Guerreros First Filipino)
    Rizal up to his last moment declared that
    he was not a traitor to Spain
    Rizal asked not to be shot at the back
    because he never betrayed Spain
    Spaniards considered him a traitor and
    an ingrate for having studied in Spanish
    institutions and he used his knowledge
    to spread evil propaganda against Spain.
    Rizals family benefitted from Dominican
    Administrators of Calamba Estate
    Conservative Spaniards saw Rizal as a
    rabble rouser
    Filipino Hamlet for his contradicting views
    an American-sponsored hero author and
    historian Renato Constantino
    others scored Rizal for his wanderlust
    womanizer
    Rizal was the father of Adolf Hitler and Mao
    Zedong
    The Loves of Rizal
    Rizals relationships were mostly serial
    relationships
    simultaneous relationship with Leonor
    Valenzuela, Vicenta Ybardaloza and
    Leonor Rivera when he was a student in
    UST but he settled with Leonor Rivera (-he
    remained faithful)
    often ended painfully for him
    hard for him to recover, failed to tell
    Segunda Katigbak his feelings in 1878
    Leonor Rivera was going to marry
    Englishman Henry Kipping, he wrote to
    Blumentritt that he felt like losing his
    mind
    according to Trinidad, Rizal was center of
    attraction, able to mix with them and
    chaperoned them on their shopping trips
    1. Segunda Katigbak
    2. Leonor Valenzuela
    3. Vicenta Ybardaloza
    4. Leonor Rivera
    Lesser known:
    1. Julia- childhood
    crush

    5. Consuelo Ortiga
    6. Nelly Boustead
    7. Suzanne Jacoby
    8. Usui Seiko
    9. Gertrude Beckett
    10. Josephine Bracken-married and lived with
    in Dapitan
    Was Rizal deserving to be the National Hero
    Other national heroes:
    1. Andres Bonifacio
    -never won a single battle during Phil.
    Revolution
    -siding with one faction led to his ouster as
    leader and his execution by fellow Filipinos
    2. Emilio Jacinto
    3. Apolinario Mabini
    4. Marcelo H. Del Pilar
    Emilio Aguinaldo
    - pledged allegiance to US a month after being
    captured in Palanan, Isabela
    -apparatus trying to seek collaboration of Filipinos
    with Japanese
    The Filipino Hamlet
    favored Revolution and at times stuck to
    Reforms
    revolution=blood in his hands;
    reform=hopeless
    hopes for reforms but despairs when not
    obtaining these
    predicts revolution but fears its coming
    Filipinos might be morally unprepared when
    independence is obtained
    The slaves of today might be the
    tyrants of tomorrow-Rizal
    advocated first the inculcation of moral virtues
    Was Rizal an American-made Hero?
    many Filipinos subscribed to this belief
    they believed that he never favored revolution
    or independence for the Phils. instead he
    favored a quiet evolutionary process that
    involves education.
    Historian Esteban de Ocampo attributed the
    American hand in choosing Rizal over all other
    heroes to the statement made by Gov. Gen.
    William Howard Taft addressed to the
    Filipino members of Philippine Commission
    Trinidad Pardo de Tavera, Benito Legarda
    and Jose Luzurriaga. And now gentleman,
    you must have a national hero.
    Considered in the deliberation of merits were:
    -Marcelo H. Del
    *Rizal was the choice of
    Pilar
    the committee
    -General Antonio
    Luna
    -Emilio Jacinto

    -Graciano Lopez Jaena


    -Andres Bonifacio

    Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo issued a decree on Dec.


    20, 1898 declaring Dec. 30 as a Day of
    Mourning for Jose Rizal and other Victims
    of the Phil. Revolution.
    the decree became the basis of present
    Rizal Day
    Daet, Camarines Norte-Filipino masons
    erected a monument dedicated to Rizal on
    Dec. 30, 1898
    It bears the words A Jose Rizal
    Noli Me Tangere El
    Filibusterismo and Morga (refers
    to the book Sucesos en las Islas
    Filipinas annotated in 1890)
    This monument antedates the better
    known Rizal Monument constructed at
    the Luneta in Manila in 1911. It was
    paid by Filipino people and constructed
    through public subscription.
    One peso coin- bears the likeness of Rizal
    Knights of the Grand Order of Rizal
    -aims to propagate the ideas and ideals of
    Rizal
    -every year members are seen honouring
    him every Dec. 30

    from its oppressors and will lead the


    believers to a utopian society.
    -believed that the Phils. will be the new
    Jerusalem
    b. Santa Iglesia
    -headed by Felipe Salvador or Apo Ipe
    believed that Rizal was a supernatural
    being. He was captured and sentenced to
    die in 1907
    -led an armed struggle against the
    Americans in the early 20th century
    -His followers reported seeing their dead
    leader talking with Rizal
    3. Sambahang Rizal (Rizal Church)-1918
    -established by Basilio Aromin in Cuyapo,
    Nueva Ecija
    -taught his followers to honor Rizal who was
    appointed by Bathala to redeem the Filipino
    race.
    -also said that Rizal was like Christ who offred
    his life to save mankind.

    Rizal Elevated to the Supernatural?


    1. Iglesia Filipina Independiente/ Phil.
    Independent Church
    -considered him as one of its saints
    -founder Isabelo de los Reyes advocated
    canonization of Rizal along with 3 martyred
    priests
    -Sept. 24, 1903-they were canonized
    -Isabelo de los Reyes, Jr. (became Obispo
    Maximo or Supreme Bishop of the Church) said
    that the canonization of Rizal was an expression
    of intensely nationalistic phase of the
    development of church and Rizal is presently
    not anymore honored as a saint of the church

    4. Bathalismo (Inang Mahiwaga)


    -the name of the group derived from Bathala
    -founded by Venancio P. Wagan
    -man must save his soul to reap happiness in
    Kalualhatian while evil ones would be
    condemned to eternal pain in Casanaan
    -Christ was reincarnated through Rizal
    -Rizal was not killed instead he left the
    Philippines for China disguised as a Chinese.
    -teaches that the Philippines is for Filipinos only
    and that there should be no rich or poor
    -Philippines will become a kingdom and all
    monarchs will come from here
    -existed in Mt. Banahaw, Dolores, Mt. Arayat
    (Pampanga) and Mt. San Diego (Batangas), all
    considered as holy mountains
    -man has 3 spirits:
    1. Caluluua-intelligent
    soul
    2. Diwa-sensitive soul
    3. Laygo-vegetative soul

    2. Millennarian groups
    -considered Rizal as another Tagalog Christ
    (Kristong Tagalog)
    -they were formed because of the belief that
    at the end of a millenium or century, the world
    will end and a messiah would arrive to redeem
    the world. Only believers would be saved.
    -Apolinario De la Cruz (Hermano Pule)
    founder of Cofradia de San Jose
    -portrayed to be Christ-like,
    executed by quartering like the
    biblical lamb taken to the slaughter.

    5.Adarnista
    -AKA Iglesiang Pilipina
    -founded by Candida Balantac (Inang Adarna,
    93-year old widow)
    -Rizal is a god of Filipino people; he was a true
    god and true man
    -heaven and hell exist and are within us
    -caves of Bongabon, Nueva Ecija (dwelling
    place of Jehovah or God)
    -four persons in God namely: the Father, the
    Son, the Holy Spirit and the Mother
    -abode of the sect: caves of Bongabon

    a. Anting-anting groups in Mt. Banahaw


    -Rizal would one day return as the messiah
    of the Filipinos and will redeem the nation

    6.Sagrada Filipina
    -existing in Candelaria, Quezon
    -founders: Purificacion and Severo Aviela

    -believes that there are 4 persons in one God: the


    Father, the Mother (Mary), the son (Christ) and
    the Holy Spirit
    -Rizal is the second Christ and will succeed Christ
    in the second coming
    -there is no hell and the sufferrings of this world
    maybe considered as hell
    -borrowed only the sacrament of baptism and
    there are no other sacraments and no ministers
    aside from late founders
    7.Watawat ng Lahi
    -on the hill called Lecheria (outside Calamba)
    -established by Arsenio de Guzman and Jose
    Baricanosa in Masbate in 1914, transferred in
    Lecheria in 1936
    -registered in the Bureau of Commerce in May
    1944
    -de Guzman was Rizal himself
    -Rizal did not die and present in the New
    Jerusalem (Mt. Makiling to Mt. Banahaw
    -mas has soul but is different from Rizal who is
    god.

    All sects had borrowings from Catholicism


    Common denominator:
    1) Concept of a mangod, 2) redemption awaits man at the end, 3)
    Sense of patriotism
    The Foreign View of Rizal
    Southeast Asian peoples saw Rizal as exemplar
    of Malayan race.
    Renaissance man- Deputy Prime Minister of
    Malaysia Anwar Ibrahim, pointing to Rizals
    virtue of self-improvement
    Philippine Revolution- Asias first nationalist
    movement for independence
    inspired Mohandas Gandhi (India) and Sun
    Yat-sen (China)
    -Satyagraha-non-violent approach ruled
    by truth (Gandhi)
    -Rizal Monument in Xiamen, China
    (homeland of Domingo Lam-co)
    Suehiro Techo translated Noli Me Tangere to
    Japanese
    Mi Ultimo Adios was quoted in the halls of the
    US Congress by Representative Henry Allen
    Cooper to convince lawmakers that Filipinos
    were not barbarians
    -How could these people be savages when
    there is one among them who wrote a work
    this sublime?
    -Phil. Organic Act of 1902-allowing
    formation of Phil. Legislature composed of
    Filipinos; convened in 1907
    Europe- different streets
    -Berlin- Jose Rizal StraBe (Strasse)
    -Spain-replica of Luneta monument in
    Madrid

    -Gov. Polavieja and Archbishop


    Nozaleda have a hand in Rizals
    death
    -they blamed the Black Spain for
    the death
    -Philippine Disaster (Desastre
    Filipina) -lost of the Philippines
    -Romania- Rizal was compared to its
    national poet Mihai Eminescu; a
    monument was set-up in Bucharest
    (Romanias capital)
    The Story of the Rizal Monuments
    1. Daet, Camarines Norte
    -1st monument in 1898 by fellow masons
    -inauguarated on Dec. 30, 2nd anniversary of his
    martyrdom
    -three-tiered pylon supporting a triangle w/
    a square base
    -representation of sun burst is attached to the
    top of triangle
    - image adorns the official seal of Camarines
    Norte province
    -declared national historic monument in 2007
    2. Azcarraga Street (now Claro M. Recto) and
    Rizal Avenue
    -1st monument in Manila in 1910
    -funds taken from proceeds of Philippine
    Carnival
    transferred to San Lazaro Park in 1918
    3. American Colonization
    Act No. 243
    -Sept. 28, 1901
    -granting use of public land in Luneta for
    statue of Rizal
    -monument committee:
    1. Teodoro R. Yangco
    2. Mariano Limjap
    3. Maximino Paterno
    4. Ramon Genato
    5. Dr. Ariston Bautista
    6. Tomas G. Del Rosario
    -international design competition for the
    monument
    -lasted 1905 to 1907
    -proposed monument= P100,000
    -there were 40 entries
    1st prize - Al Martir de Bagumbayan
    =P5,000
    (Italian Carlos Nicoli)
    -was not implemented because he was
    not able to raise funds
    2nd Prize Motto Stella =P2,000
    (Richard Kissling of Switzerland)
    -implemented
    -monument was inaugurated Dec. 30,
    1913

    In 1961, in commemoration of the birth


    centenary of Rizal, Architect Juan Nakpil
    built a stainless steel pylon built around
    obelisk but later on removed.
    Transferred to the boundary of Paranaque
    and Pasay City along Roxas blvd. until
    1980s.
    Rizals remains were taken by Knights of
    Rizal from Narcisas house in Binondo and

    taken to the Sala Marmol (Marble Hall) of


    Ayuntamiento Building in Intramuros on
    Dec. 29, 1912; remains stayed in an
    overnight vigil before taken by UST
    students.

    You might also like