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Pharmaceutical Percent Calculations

This document discusses different types of percentage preparations used in pharmacy: 1) Percent weight-in-volume (% w/v) expresses grams of constituent per 100 mL of solution. 2) Percent volume-in-volume (% v/v) expresses mL of constituent per 100 mL of solution. 3) Percent weight-in-weight (% w/w) expresses grams of constituent per 100 grams of preparation. It provides examples of calculations to determine % w/v, % w/w, grams of material needed for a solution, and milliliters of material needed for a solution. Formulas are given to convert between % w/w and % w/v using specific gravity. The document

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314 views2 pages

Pharmaceutical Percent Calculations

This document discusses different types of percentage preparations used in pharmacy: 1) Percent weight-in-volume (% w/v) expresses grams of constituent per 100 mL of solution. 2) Percent volume-in-volume (% v/v) expresses mL of constituent per 100 mL of solution. 3) Percent weight-in-weight (% w/w) expresses grams of constituent per 100 grams of preparation. It provides examples of calculations to determine % w/v, % w/w, grams of material needed for a solution, and milliliters of material needed for a solution. Formulas are given to convert between % w/w and % w/v using specific gravity. The document

Uploaded by

sultan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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University

of Kerbala
College of Pharmacy
Dep. of Pharmaceutics

Percent preparations

Lab 7: Percentages in calculating prescription contents.


The term percent and its corresponding sign (%) mean by the hundred or
in a hundred, and percentage means rate per hundred; so 50 percent
(or 50%) and a percentage of 50 are equivalent expressions. A percent may
also be expressed as a ratio, represented as a common or decimal fraction.
Percentage is an essential part of pharmaceutical calculations. The
pharmacist encounters it frequently and uses it as a convenient means of
expressing the concentration of an active or inactive material in a
pharmaceutical preparation.
Percent Preparations can be classified as follows according to USP:
1. Percent weightinvolume (w/v): expresses the number of grams of a
constituent in 100 mL of solution or liquid preparation and is used
regardless of whether water or another liquid is the solvent or
vehicle. Expressed as: % w/v.
2. Percent volumeinvolume (v/v): expresses the number of milliliters
of a constituent in 100 mL of solution or liquid preparation.
Expressed as: % v/v.
3. Percent weightinweight (w/w): expresses the number of grams of a
constituent in 100 g of solution or preparation. Expressed as: % w/w.
The term percent, or the symbol %, when used without qualification means:
For solutions or suspensions of solids in liquids, percent weightin
volume;
For solutions of liquids in liquids, percent volumeinvolume;
For mixtures of solids or semisolids, percent weightinweight; and
For solutions of gases in liquids, percent weightinvolume.

Percent weightinvolume (w/v)


Percent volumeinvolume (v/v)
Percent weightinweight (w/w)

Pharmaceutical Calculations

19

University of Kerbala
College of Pharmacy
Dep. of Pharmaceutics

NB:
To convert w/w% to w/v% then the specific gravity is required as shown
below:
(w/v)% = (w/w)% sp. gr.
Examples:
1. What is the w/v% of 10% w/w if the sp. Gr. is 1.1?
(Answer= 11% w/v)
2. What is the w/w% of 15% w/v if the sp. Gr. is 0.91?
(Answer= 16.5% w/w)
3. How many grams of dextrose are required to prepare 4000 mL of a
5% solution? (Answer = 200 g)
4. How many grams of potassium permanganate should be used in
compounding 250 mL of 0.02%? (Answer = 0.05 g)
5. How many milliliters of liquefied phenol should be used in
compounding 240 mL of 2.5%? (Answer = 6 mL)
6. How many grams of a drug substance should be added to 240 mL of
water to make a 4% (w/w) solution?
(Answer = 10 g)

Practical Work:
Name of experiment: Calculating alcohol percentages with the same
components, however with different forms.
Procedure:
1. Pour 50mL of absolute alcohol in 100mL graduated cylinder.
2. Add sufficient D.W. up to 100mL.
3. Weigh the resultant 100mL solution.
4. If the sp. gr. of ethanol is c.a. 0.79, then please to fulfill the following
table with the missing data.


No.

Ethanol
Vol.

Ethanol
Wt.

50 mL

Solution %
Solution Solution
Vol.
Wt.
(v/v) (w/v) (w/w)
100 mL





Pharmaceutical Calculations

20

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