Exercise 1. Comment on the use of the Present Indefinite Tense.

1. Maureen often gives dinner parties at home. She lays the table, puts the cutlery in
the right place, sets out the plate and puts a clean white napkin at each plate. 2. Some
people spend more money than they receive. 3. The school year in Britain begins in
September. 4. Some people dont drink alcohol at all. 5. If you want legal advice in
Britain, you go to a solicitor. 6. He dresses and behaves in a very careless, often
disgusting way. 7. His book throws a great deal of fresh light in the history of the
period. 8. Famous entertainers suffer from a lack of privacy. 9. The earth moves around
the sun. 10. I always brush my teeth in the lavatory. 11. Many people believe that
caffeine counteracts the effects of alcohol. 11. Different people see the same ghost, at
the same time or at widely different times. 12. If they catch you, they will kill you. 13.
True friends want noting from you and dont expect any special favors. 14. The woman
I can see standing outside in the pouring rain reminds me of Klaus, the German bout. If
is the expression on her face: she looks so desolate, so utterly unloved. People hurry
past her as quickly as possible; if someone does smile, I watch her hesitate for a
moment. Hen she looks away. 15. In his admirable fable the ant spends a laborious
summer gathering its winter store, while the grasshopper sits on blade of grass singing
to the sun. Winter comes and the ant is comfortably provided for, but the grasshopper
has an empty larder: he goes to the ant and begs for a little food. Then the ant gives him
her classical answer. 16. How do you feel now, Bill? As weak as water. 17. Im
all right. Are you, by God. You dont look it. 18. H steals in, takes the dagger from
the silver table, and returns to the study window. Hi slips off his shoes, climbs in. Then
he slips out again and goes off He makes for the station, rings up from there. 19.
Are you married, detective Carella? Do you quarrel sometimes? 20. Occasional
parties are thrown, and sometimes we hire the village bus for a Sunday bullfight;
otherwise we keep ourselves on ourselves. 21. She never talks to him. 22. Servants are
so tiresome. They gossip, and talk among themselves. And then it gets round and all
the time there probably nothing in it at all. 23. You know Moms. She swears that it was
my picture in the frame when she was doing the packing, but Moms gets so excited
when we travel.
Exercise 2. Write the following verbs in the 3 rd person Singular of Present Simple

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Tense. Read them aloud.

a) To ask, to speak, to work, to put, to light, to greet, to break, to grip, to stop, to puff,
to get, to flirt, to blurt, to cut, to tap, to bath, to grasp, to drink, to fight, to rough, to last,
to rest, to roust, to laugh, to sleep, to leap, to leak.
To bake, to take, to type, to bite, to poke, to pipe, to invite, to hope, to cope, to make,
to like, to plate, to paste, to stake, to spite, to swipe.
b) To burn, to learn, to turn, to plan, to ban, to calm, to seam, to dream, to brim, to
steam, to rim, to boil, to spoil, to drill, to spill, to spell, to smell, to rig, to lag, to bring,
to sing, to cling, to nag, to brag, to rag, to flog, to bid, to dab, to dib, to drab, to stab, to
load, to forbid, to plead, to bid, to mouth.
To dine, to pine, to drone, to tone, to phone, to time, to come, to tame, to smile, to
pile, to state, to tile, to robe, to describe, to bribe, to ride, to bide, to decide, to live, to
love, to crave, to leave, to stave, to weave, to bathe, to loathe.
c) To lay, to stay, to bray, to pay, to pay, to pray, to prey, to see, to agree, to foresee, to
decree, to glow, to show, to bow, to stow, to snow, to boo, to taboo, to ski, to stew, to
sew, to brew, to crew, to queue, to rue, to sue, to construe, to ensure, to toe, to tiptoe, to
tie, to die, to lie, to ensure, to cure, to lure, to pure, to mure.
d) To study, to cry, to dry, to try, to pry, to fly, to ply, to spy, to steady, to levy, to
magnify, to stray, to embody, to dirty, to pity, to go, to echo.
e) To pass, to dress, to mess, to press, to stress, to mss, to kiss, to cross, to push, to
crush, to brush, to mesh, to lash, to mash, to fish, to leash, to reach, to teach, to watch,
to catch, to bleach, to stitch, to preach, to search, to lunch, to match, to fetch, to fix, to
coax, to mix, to box, to relax, to fox, to buzz, to waltz.
To dance, to prance, to glance, to lane, to place, to face, to race, to brace, to pace, to
mince, to slice, to promise, to rinse, to practice, to please, to tease, to crease, to advise,
to close, to rise, to raise, to praise, to revise, to devise, to seize, to freeze, to breeze, to
rage, to stage, to cage, to age, to gauge, to emerge, to surge, to bridge, to sledge, to
pledge, to grudge, to smudge, to nudge, to rouge.
Exercise 3. Make the following sentences a) interrogative and b) negative.
Models: A. They speak English well.

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Do they speak English well?

They do not speak English well.
(They dont speak English well).
B. He is a prolific writer.
Is he a prolific writer?
He is not a prolific writer.
(He isnt a prolific writer).
1. They watch TV in the evening. 2. He smokes the cigarettes a day. 3. People praise
him. 4. Teachers are devoted to their work. 5. He never argues with his parents. 6. Pete
goes in for sports. 7. Rugby is his favorite sport. 8. She is a bookworm. 9. It often snows
in winter. 10. They sometimes visit us. 11 You are seldom at home in the evening. 12. I
mind my own business. 13. They often interfere with my work. 14. The milkman brings
them milk every morning. 15. They are in London now. 16. My mother feels well today.
17. He sends you his love. 18. My father approves of my hobby. 19. They often drink
coffee together. 20. You help the deprived and the sick. 21. The customers complain
about the bed service. 22. They teach their children foreign languages. 23. Brian often
tells lies. 24. People invest heir money in an undertaking. 25. He prefers to travel by
plane. 26. You are always in a hurry. 27. Here is always much noise in the corridor
during the break. 28. These children are very bothersome. 29. Factories pollute water
and air. 30. Music pleases the air. 31.I put on weight easily.
Exercise 4. Find subjects and attributes to the subjects in the following sentences and
put questions to them.
Model I

They return home late.

Who returns home late?

Model II

Pete drives his car recklessly.

Who drives his car recklessly?
(Which of them drives his car recklessly?)

Model III Petes mother teaches French.

Who teaches French?
Whose mother teaches French?

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Model IV Two students live near the Institute.

Who lives near the Institute?
How many students live near the Institute?
Model V

Glass break easily.

What breaks easily?

1. Mary works at an office. 2. The Inguri runs into the Black Sea. 3. My friends often
invite me to their house. 4. The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 5. Thousands of people
take part in anti-war demonstrations every year. 6. A housewifes work is never finished.
7. A faint heart never wins a fair lady. 8. Barking dogs seldom bite. 9. Bees make honey.
10. Three or four swallows make their nests in our garden every spring. 11. She often
breaks my heart. 12. He is very precise about doing his duty. 13. They believe in God.
14. Their children sometimes break toys. 15. You judge people by appearance. 16. Ann
and Nelly help their mother about the house. 17. Two or three students of our group
miss their lectures every day. 18. The early bird catches the worm. 19. His behavior
makes his wife angry. 20. Mr. Smiths wife teaches at our college. 21. Two trucks
collect garbage in our street every morning. 22. Fresh air, fruit and vegetables promote
good health. 23. Many scientists receive grants for their achievements. 24. He lets
people down. 25. Everybody trusts him. 26. Twenty students take part in the
competition. 27. It takes him a week to finish this book. 28. Our new teacher speaks
three foreign languages.
Exercise 5. Put as many special questions as possible to the following sentences.
Model.

A good teacher treats his pupils with respect.

a) Who treats his pupils with respect?
b) How does a good teacher treat his pupils?
c) Whom does a god teacher treat with respect?
d) What kind of teacher treats his pupils with respect?
e) What does a good teacher do?

1. At the age of 16 pupils leave school. 2. Once or twice a month Ann goes to the
theatre. 3. Pete father usually shops in the supermarket. 4. People travel to see other

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countries and continents. 5. Commercial television gets its money from advertising. 6.
Nearly all schools work five days a week. 7. She has got two bottles of champagne in
the fridge. 8. In nursery school children learn simple games and songs. 9. The academic
year in Britain begins in September. 10. A chef cooks in a restaurant or hotel 11. The
children go to bed at 11 oclock every night. 12. He has a bath once a week. 13. He
husband is from Algeria. 14. Not all the countries allow free speech in the newspapers.
15. Wild flowers grow wherever the soil is not cultivated. 16. When people move into a
hose, they sometimes have problems. 17. My brother works as a personnel manager at a
big farm. 18. Northern Ireland occupies one sixth of the territory of the United
Kingdom. 19. His parents are mean. 20. Children in their teens go through a physical
and emotional development. 21. We earn more than our neighbors. 22. It seldom rains in
this pat of the world. 23. My son doesnt want to give up his job. 2. They are at home
now. 25. There are far too many lazy men nowadays. 26 The postmen keep their letters
for one street together.
Exercise 6. Put disjunctive questions to the statements given below.
Models:

a) His sister lives in London.

His sister lives in London, doesnt she?
b) They are in the garden now.
They are in the garden now, arent they?
c) Your parents dont approve of your behavior.
Your parents dont approve of your behavior, do they?

1. You arent angry with me. 2. Carol doesnt drive a car. 3. She is a good model. 4.
Voles, shrews and lemmings live in tundra. 5 Aunt Martha lives near Maible Arch. 6.
Most British families only go to restaurants on special occasions. 7. You dont go in for
sports. 8. It is not very cold today. 9. The tees grow well. 10. He goes there by train. 11.
It doesnt often snow in your country. 12. Your sister likes to watch football matches.
13. Children ask many questions. 14. There are a lot of cars in the streets. 15. I am on
duty today. 16 This rule isnt difficult. 17. His mother is old. 18. They have English
classes three times a week. 19. Your Granny bakes delicious cakes. 20. The teachers
arent busy today. 21. They have a bath ever day. 22. You drink coffee. 23. There is so

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much craziness I the world. 24. Most people arent particularly interested in the
economy. 24. Nicks parents are on pension. 25. I am right. 26. They have a good time
in restaurants. 27. There is no tome to lose. 28. There are so any lovely flowers in your
garden. 29. Your boss isnt in the office. 30. His manger meets important visitors every
day. 31. The hardware shops sell household tools. 32. They dont treat their neighbors
with respect. 33. He is a legitimate son.
Exercise 7. Put alternative questions to the statements given below.
Models:

a) The bell rings at eight.

Does the bell ring at eight or at nine?
b) You are married.
Are your married or single?

1. The University courses usually last for years. 2. She lives far fro the University. 3.
His car is five years old. 4. He studies English at Glasgow University. 5. The milkman
brings them milk very early. 6. The children are in the garden. 7. At the weekend John
eats in restaurants. 8. A kennel is a shelter for a dog. 9. They go to the theatre
occasionally. 10. There are fie children in their family. 11. Generally I clean my room
once a week. 12. His flat consists of five rooms. 13. She spends much money on
clothes. 14. These shoes are expensive. 16. An antonym to deep is shallow. 17.
These people speak English. 18. A sty is a place where pigs are kept. 19. He gets up at 7
oclock. 20. A number of whales is a school. 21. It seldom rains in Africa. 22. Spiteful
people are malevolent. 23. The capital of Kenya is Nairobi. 24. He has relatives in
Brazil. 25 They sometimes leave the key to their flat with the Smiths. 26. After lunch
the girl plays tennis. 27. People read serious newspapers for their news. 28. Maureen
often gives dinner parties at home. 29. Edna spends Saturday morning doing jobs
around the hours. 30. A dishonest man is deceitful. 31. People eat too much nowadays.
Exercise 8. Supply the Present Indefinite forms of the verbs in the box.
Look, come, drop, think, call, recognize, put, make, pay, carry, not listen, smell,
select, flow, mend, qualify, howl, keep, hold, do, deal, not have, buy, need, believe,

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remind, take, not take, boil, seem, provide, stop, not eat, avoid, travel, disapprove, work,
suffer, have
1. Wolves 2. Aunt Lucy three cats in the house. 2. Aunt Lucy keeps three cats
in the house. 3. Where she the money from? 4. She rubbish anywhere and
never it in the bin. 5. A newspaper its money from the price people for it and
also from the advertising it 6. Summer excellent opportunities for swimming. 7.
Lets go for a walk as soon as it raining. 8. Everybody here you in high regard, jus
as I 9. She paying when she on public transport. 10. You as an architect. 11.
The Gypsies the bear to be brother to man. 12. They her for a grown-up person.
13. A cobbler shoes. 14. The river Nile into the Mediterranean. 15. All small
things and old toys them of their childhood. 16. An ironmonger in iron and
hardware. 17. They supper at home. 18. She to be okay, as far as I can tell. 19.
Your daughter music lessons in the morning or in the afternoon? 20. Water at 100
degrees Centigrade. 21. Chess for the ability to plan moves and threats several
steps ahead. 22. How long it to paint such a picture? 23. Many communities now
of cell or car phone use. 24. Universities usually students on the basis of A level
results and an interview. 25. My wife in the evening. 26. He is so obstinate. He to
his friends. 27. The cake delicious. 28. Sara coffee on her way to work every
Monday. 29. Many people a professional help to overcome an addiction. 30. A
pessimist on the dark side of things. 31. Colliers in a coalmine. 32. At least 500
million people in the world form hunger.
Exercise 9. Supply the Present Indefinite forms of the verbs in the box.
(not) cost, feed, make, break up, sell, borrow, consist, talk, warm, cry, come, contain,
(not) have, (not) be, walk, change, lad, phone, expect, catch, take, (not) seem, come,
take part, export, lay, snow, differ, represent, have, not drive, last, sleep, rise
1. A cat mice. 2. The sun in the east. 3. You often a taxi to get to the office.
4. Students books from the library. 5. We in expeditions. 6. They flowers in the
streets. 7. We sometimes them. 8. Hallucinations to work like that. 9. How your
husband to avoid her? 10. He only on deck when she is in the cabin. 11. He in

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his sleep. 12. Schools for the summer holidays in July. 13. A clown people laugh.
14. University courses normally three years. 15. Underground tunnels consist of
tunnels dug into deposits of coal or minerals. 16. Women always to a man who can
17. The baby always after breakfast. 18. A chameleon color to conform to its
surroundings. 19. Rainy weather to gloominess and depression. 20. Many developing
countries food to pay back their debts 21. A diplomat his country at an embassy.
22. Land tortoises mainly on plants. Tobacco the drug nicotine. 24. Hardwood
from broadleaved trees. 25. Cultures not only in their beliefs but also in what they
value. 26. Mr. Williams usually his dog early in the morning. 27. Hens eggs. 28.
His camera much. 29. You ill. 30. George dinner in a restaurant. 31. Carol a
car. 32. It often in your country? 33. You a good time in your country?
Exercise 10. Supply the Present Indefinite forms of the verbs in the box.
change, fall, not know, come, hate, be, take, smoke, shine, shake, throw. scream,
take, use, complain, blame, not cost, share, no drink, make, leave, receive, have, stay,
hear, happen, suggest, have, treat, destroy, move, live, reflect, switch, bang, run, find
1. You how to solve these problems. 2. People the famous with a mixture of
reverence and brutality. 3. Love the course of peoples live. 4. A tornado is a
terrifying wind, which everything in its path. 5. For the man who in a
preindustrial world time at a slow and easy pace. 6. The moon because it some
of the sunlight that on it. 7. In some parts of the world the ground from time to
time. 8. The lady off the light, the door, the necklace down the passage and
9. He no jokes at his own expense. 10. When they guests they meals in the
living room. 11. The bus quickly. 12. My wife so much cosmetics. 13. She never
about anything. 14. They always joys. 15. She hr husband for the
misadventure. 16. My husband coffee in the evening. 17. What you so different?
18. The office of your conduct? 19. If you the truth about my father, please, let me
know. 20. Where he from? 21. Its jus that I so lonely, sir! Everybody me. 22.
The Smiths often out lat? 23. At nine-thirty Mr. Geoffrey Raymond someone in
here asking for money. 24. What next? 25. Captain Paton the same way through
the window. 26. Sometimes life hold of one. 27. Their house fifty thousand

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dollars. 28. He too much? 29. The term economic expansion something
desirable and benevolent. 30. The British a reputation for being cold and reserved.
Exercise 11. Use the Present Indefinite Tense instead of the Infinitives in brackets.
1. You (to be) a Devonshire girl? No, sir. So it (not to be) your farm? My
aunts, sir. And your uncles? He (to be) dead. Who (to farm) it, then? My aunt,
and my three cousins. How you (to like) it after Wales? I (not to know), sir. I
suppose you (not to remember). Oh, yes! But it (to be) different. I (to believe) you.
How old you (to be)? Seventeen, sir. And what (to be) your name? 2. She wrinkles
her brows in a puzzled frown. I (not to think) I (to understand). Well, think and see if
the most religious people (not to be) those who (to feel) that this life (not to give) them
all the (to want). I (to believe) in being good because to be good is good in itself.
Then you (to believe) in being good? 3. Whats an ideal husband like, Evelyn? He
(to shave), (to let) his wife spend his money, and (not to be) a bachelor. 4. Mummy,
why it (to rain)? To make things grow. To give us apples, pear, corn, flowers. Then,
why it (to rain) on the pavement? 5. You (to save up) money for a rainy day, dear?
Oh, no! I never (to shop) when it (to rain). 6. The man your sister (to be going) to
marry (to be) rich? Not much! Every time mother (to talk) about the wedding father
(to say): Poor man! 7. Dogs especially (to look up) to their owners, which (to make)
them feel important and needed. 8. Wilie, how you (to define) ignorance? Its when I
(not to know) something and somebody (to fid) it out. 9. A dolphin (to look) like a big
fish with a smile. Actually, dolphins belong to the same group of living creatures that
humans (to do): mammals. 10. Nancy (to get) to work at about 8.45. She (to work) fixed
hours. She (to have) a nine-to-five job. 11. Shes a flirt, and (not to care) who (to know)
it. 12. Pregnant women (to cave) for strange things. 13. How dolphins (to communicate)
with one another? 14. What a dolphin (to look) like? 15. A woman is dying. Her body
(to feel) very bad. She (to hear) the doctor say that he is dead. Then she (to begin) to
hear a very loud noise in her ears. She (to feel) like she is moving or falling. She (to
think) she outside of her real body. From far away she (to watch) the doctors and nurses
try to save her. She (to try) to get back into her real body, but she cant. Then she (to
see) the faces of family and friends who died before her. They (to come) to help her.
They (to tell) her not to worry. She (to begin) to feel better.

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Exercise 12. Use the Present Indefinite Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. At a college examination a professor said: The question (to embarrass) you?
Not at all, sir, replied the student. It (to be) the answer that (to bother) me. 2. Our
economic professor (to talk) to himself. Yours ? Yes, but he (not to realize) it. He
(to think) were listening. 3. My wife (to have) the worst memory eve heard of. She
(to forget) everything? No, she (to remember) everything. 4. Your husband (to
remember) your wedding anniversary? No; so I (to remind him of it in January and
June, and he (to give) me two presents. 5. What you (to give) your husband when the
dinner (not to suit) him? His coat and hat. 6. A husband (to lead) a dogs life, said
Mr. Allen. Thats right, agreed Mr. Allen. He (to growl) all day and (to snore) all
night. 7. What (to be) the products of the West Indies? I (not to know). Come,
come! Where you (to get) sugar from? We (to borrow) it from the next-door
neighbor. 8. It (to mean) that you still (not to be) ready? 9. Who (to be) the man who
sometimes (to sit) next to you in the bus? 10. When the Mexican (to do) his job, I (to
want) you to give the money to him. 11. And you (to think) the Lord (to be going) to
abandon me when I (to be) on his business? 12. How we (to know) a radio wave (to be)
a signal? If it is, how we (to decode) what it (to mean)? 13. I cant go home before I (to
hear) from his own lips that hi (to be) all right. 14. You (to consider) him a rich man,
doctor? 15. If he (not to trust) their judgment, he (to replace) them. 16. My father (to
ask) me why I (not to read) English newspapers. 17. What your father to ask you to do?
18. He (to get up) when he (to feel) like it and (to spend) the rest of the day doing what
he (to want). 19. Jen (to nod), and (to pick) the tiny gray terrier up. It (to hide) its face
between her large blouse-hold breasts and (to whimper). 20. Ghosts usually (to inspire)
fear when they (to appear). Many people (to believe) that ghosts (to be) evil creatures,
which (to harm) living people. 21. Bothered with time-wasting callers, are you? Why
you (not to try) my plan? What is your plan, Mrs. Jones? Why, when the bell (to
ring), I (to put on) my hat and gloves before I (to press) the button. If it (to prove) to be
some one I (not to want) to see, I simply (to say) So sorry, but Im just going out!
But suppose its some one you (to want) to see? Oh, then I (to say), So fortunate
Ive just come in.

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Exercise 13. Use the Present Indefinite Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. Who (to tie) a bag of apples at the neck with string? 2. It (to seem) queer to be
writing letters to somebody you (not to know). 3. Classes (not to begin) until Monday
morning. 4. There (to be) three other girls a Senior (to wear) spectacles. Salie (to
have) red hair and a turn-up nose and (to be quit friendly. Julia (to come) from one of
the first families in New York. They (to room) together. Salie (to think) everything is
funny. Julia (to be) bored at everything. She never (to make) the slightest effort to be
amiable. She (to believe) that if you (to be) a Pendleton, that fact alone (to admit) you to
heaven without any further examination. 5. The English instructor (to say) that my last
paper (to show) an unusual amount of originality. 6. How my program (to strike) you,
Daddy? 7. Were you (to think) my novel (to be)? In the wastebasket. 8. How a dying an
(to feel)? 9. The tobacco industry (to spend) vast sums on medical research. 10.
Smoking (to bring) many psychological benefits, (to relieve) stresses of everyday life,
(to provide) constant consolation. 11. When people (to smoke)? 12. If you (to boast) you
(not to watch) TV, its like boasting you (not to read) books. 13. A person seldom (to go)
on a hike alone. 14. Why he (to suspect) a trap at every turn? What you (to call) such a
person? 15. What we (to say) of a person who (to watch) television from noon to night?
16. He regularly (to visit) the library? 17. He (to belong) to a new school of thought in
linguistics. 18. When a girl (to talk) about he things (not to know), I just (to keep) sill
and (to look) them up in the encyclopedia. 19. It (not to seem) polite to ignore
everybody. 20. People (to accept) happiness as a matter of course. The world they (to
think), (to owe) them everything they (to want). 21. It (not to matter) whether the girls
(to be) stupid or not so long as they (to be) pretty. 22. Judy was a person who to feel)
and (to understand) nature.
Exercise 14. User the Present Indefinite Tense of the verb instead of the infinitive in
brackets.
1. If Arnold (to be) in the house when you (to ring) Ill talk I a conventional way. 2.
When the time (to come) if there (to be) anything anyone can do here, you bet your
bottom dollar well do it. 3. If you (to funk) it tonight itll be worse tomorrow. 4. If you
(to let) us, well come back when supper (to be) over. 5. If you (not to find) a house

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soon I shall have to reconsider my position. Why, if you (to go) on like this we shant be
married for years. 6. When he (to go) I (to hope) youll take his place. Mr. Mackintosh.
7. If there (to be) a cat, Ill put out poisoned fish. 8. If you (to leave) here about five,
youll get there about half-past five. 9. You (to suppose) Gennaroll be there when we
(to get back)? 10. If you (not to stop) laughing, Ill break your bloody head open. 11.
Maybe Ill come to a place like this when I (to be) dead. 12. Ill let you know when I (to
hear) from Ed. 13. You will get much better results if you (to take care) always to be
polite, patient and kindly. 14. When I (to reach there I shall become a hermit and (to get)
enlightenment. 15. Youll get five years in Borstal if you (not to give) me a straight
answer. 16. Ill be here for half an hour before the next bloke (to come up). 17. If things
(not to happen), Ill make them happen. If anybody (to ask) me to go anywhere, I shall
accept. 18. Will you have a chance to talk with her before she (to go) on the witness
stand? 19. If you (not to come) quick, nurse, I shall run out there. 20. If you (not to
leave) Currito alone, Ill kill you. 21. While you (to be) in town, Bill, well just wait
here. 22. When she (to be) calmer Ill talk to her. 23. If you (not to go) to Baru Ill have
you all put in prison. 24. Do go in and talk to father until I (to come back). 25. Well just
have to wait here until someone (to come) along. 26. The Healer wont last forever, and
when he (to go), I shall return. 27. Its a surprise for Paula. Shell overcome when
she (to see) me. 28. You know what youll be when you (to be married) to me, dont
you?
Exercise 15. Use the Present Indefinite Tense of the verb instead of the infinitive in
brackets.
1. As soon as I (to get) a good job Ill come back. 2. Shell wait a damned long time
before I (to ride) in the same care with hr again. 3. You will feel differently hen you (to
see) what he has done to us. 4. If Bill (to come) along, it wont be an adventure at all.
Itll just be a trap. 5. If he (to take) after his father I (not to know) what I shall do@ 6. If
you (to be) hungry and someones preparing a good meal, youll naturally angle for an
invitation. 7. Youth is the only thing worth having. When I (to find) that I am growing
old, I shall kill myself. 8. If she (to stay here all the autumn shell spoil everything, and
Matha will simply exult. 9. How long will you like me? Till I (to have) my first wrinkle,
I suppose. 10. I shall not close my eyes until you (to be) safely out of the house. 11.

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Father Hickey, before the sun (to rise) again upon Four Mile Water, I will undo the
visible work of Gods hand. 12. If we (to start) in the morning when there (to be) no
wind, and (to wit) for a little rain first, there wont be any danger. 13 Perhaps when your
sister to get back) youll be interested in seeing those I took in Honolulu. 14. Darling
Mr. Ronald, I shall die if you (not to send) me your photo. 15. If he (not to look out)
hell lose his job. 16. When we (to get) to London, soon perhaps, if you (to love) me
well enough, we to be married. 17. Perhaps when you (to see) how much I love our by,
youll come to love me too. 18. Mr. Dersinghamll be back tomorrow afternoon, if
anybody (to want) him. 19. Ill telephone to you at the office some time in the afternoon
if it (to be) all right. 20. If you (not to take) that bottle away from him, hell have it all
before you know where you are. 21. Well fight it out on these lines if it (to take) all
dinner. 22. Im at the end of my tether. I shall go mad if this (to go on). 23. Unless we
(to get) definite evidence against her, therell always be a nasty doubt. 24. I will do
something dreadful if I am not careful. 25. You will be given full instructions when the
time (to come). 26. Next time you (to visit) me Ill be in residence in my palace. 27.
Well, then, lets get started before the grass (to try out). 28. Youll have most of the extra
work yourself, when it (to get down) to brass tacks.
Exercise 16. Express solidarity using So/Neither (Nor) do (am, have) I. So/Neither
(Nor) does (has, is) he.
Models:

a) My husband gets home from work late. (My husband) So does my

husband.
b) My son doesnt eat fruit. (I) Neither do I.
c) They are very tired. (I) So am I.
d) I am no I the right mood for a country walk. (We) Neither are we.
1. We have dinner at four oclock. (They) 2. He doesnt eat much. (I) 3. Nick is in
Canada now. (Pete) 4. I depend on my parents. (I) 5. He doesnt live in the real world.
(His wife) 6. We remember his hospitality. (We) 7. I am grateful to them. (Nick) 8. She
works in a shop. (Her friend) 9. Shes absolutely devoted to her mother. (Her sisters) 10.
We pout a lot of trust in him. (They) 11. We are fond of your children. (My neighbors)
12. My children dont break toys. (My son) 13. I feel cold. (We) 14. Nelly isnt married.

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(Ann) 15. Nicks wife is pregnant. (My wife) 16. I am not good at mathematics. (My
sister) 17. I dont put much sugar in my tea. (I) 18. He isnt a very hard-working
student. (Pete) 19. I dont feel sleepy. (We) 20. My watch is slow. (Mine) 21. Her hens
dont lay eggs. (Our hens) 22. He is proud of his children. (All parents) 23. You travel a
lot. (My friends) 2. I dont approve of his behavior. (We) 25. I'm not against him. (We)
Exercise 17. Express solidarity using So/Neither (Nor) do (am, have) I. For the
models see the previous exercise.
1. He doesnt tell anyone his secret. (I) 2. She is scared by that dog. (My child) 3.
Every Sunday he watches birds in the forest. (His children) 4. I admire Bills courage.
(Everybody) 5. Jimmy doesnt smoke. (Pete) 6. He isnt married. (I) 7. Andy gets drunk
at parties. (Bob) 8. I dont ant to achieve immortality through my work. (My friends) 9.
They are different from their parents. (We) 10. I love traveling. (My wife) 11. I am not
sure what he means. (Jan) 12. James doesnt ever phone them. (We) 14. She doesnt
believe in love at first sight. (I) 15. I blame the parents for badly behaved kids. (I) 16.
Larry often fails exams. (All his friends) 17. I dont trust this government. (My
colleagues). 18. Paul feels that something is wrong (Simon) 19. I dont recognize the
man who is looking at us. (I) 20. Faith goes to the library very often. (My daughter) 21.
I dont approve of young girls smoking. (My husband) 2.My little son believes in Santa
Clause. (All children) 23. The Brown watch TV till late at night. (The Smiths) 24. Mary
cooks well. (Her sister) 25. He is so carefree. (All young people) 26. His daughters
dance well. (My son) 27. My children go in for music. (My child)
Exercise 18. Put indirect question to the sentences, using the following phrases: I
wonder , I want to know , Can you find out for me ? I dont know ..., Do you
know ? Will you ask ? Id like to know , Would you inquire ?
1. How often does your car break down? 2. When does the swimming pool open? 3.
How many courses does your dinner usually consist of? 4. Why do people marry? 5.
How long does your lecture last? 6. Where does the US president live? 7. What do you
regret doing in the past? 8. What do teenagers spend a lot of money on? 9. What is he
famous for? 10. What does a gynecologist specialize on? 11. Where does Tbilisi stand

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on? 12. How old is your father? 13. What do you think of Mozarts music? 14. What
role does music play in your life? 15. Where do the Cup Finals take place? 16. What
does a fishmonger deal in? 17. Ho do you get to the Institute? 18. How long does it take
you to get there? 19. Why are you sometimes late for classes? 20. How does that doctor
treat diseases? 21. Where does your sister teach? 22. Why does Ann look upset? 23.
Why does your son smoke so much? 24. What is he weather like in England? 25. What
kind of clothes do they prefer? 26. What do you do if you are bored? 27. How many
parks and stadiums are there in Tbilisi?
Exercise 19. Put indirect questions to the sentences using the instruction of the
previous exercise.
1. At what age do American children start and finish school? 2. What are the stages
of school in the USA? 3. Why do people have to get up early on weekdays? 4. How
much time does I take you to have your breakfast? 5. How many lessons do
schoolchildren have a day? 6. How do people usually spend their days off? 7. Why does
your father prefer travelling by car? 8. What does the term potatocoach mean? 9.
What are the advantages of e-mail? 10. Why are nuclear power stations dangerous? 11.
What illnesses does obesity lead to? 12. How often do you go for a walk? 13 How does
your neighbor earn his living? 14. What do you think of commercials? 15. How many
newspapers does your family subscribe to? 16. What does a tabloid mean? 17. When I
Anns birthday? How old is she? 18. How long does it take you to get dressed? 19.
What do they usually have for breakfast? 20. What time do they come hoe? 21. Why do
you think that teaching is a noble profession? 22. How any cats has she got? 23. How
much does he weigh? 24. Where does she come from? 25. Why dont you ever listen to
your parents? 26. How often do you visit your parents? 27. How far does he live? 28.
How well does she speak English?
Exercise 20. Put indirect questions to the sentences using the instruction of the
previous exercise.
1. Do you find this rule difficult? 2. Does the teacher give you a lot of homework to
do? 3. Are there angels in heaven? 4. Are sweet things bad for our teeth? 5. Is Nick

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married? 6. Is she upset about her failure at the exam? 7. Is Mozart your favorite
composer? 8. Do you think that his behavior is eccentric? 9. Do you like the way she
behaves? 10. Are all the stories published in the newspaper true? 11. Are you for or
against cloning people? 12. Do the Georgian sportsmen take part in the Olympic
Games? 13. Are there many holidays in Georgia? 14 Does a florist deal in flowers or
fruits? 15. Are they angry with me? 16. Do you understand how serious it is? 17. Is his
wife pretty? 18. Do you believe in your government? 19. Does she deserve her success?
20. Are they in love? 21. Have they got many relatives in the country? 22. Have you got
a nice view from the window? 23.Do you often miss classes? 24. Has she much work
today? 25. Do they speak English fluently? 26. Isnt smoking harmful for health?
Exercise 21. Put indirect questions to the sentences using the instruction of the
previous exercise.
1. Do you have any time to spare during your working say? 2. Are you fond of
camping? 3. Do you often go to the cinema? 4. Does it ever snow in Africa? 5. Is there
life on Mars? 6. Do people use TV intelligently? 7. Do commercials annoy you? 8. Does
Pet read any newspapers in English? 9. Does Pete wake up himself or does an alarm
clock wake him up? 10. Do the do morning exercises regularly? 11. Do you often see
each other? 12. Does she often quarrel with her husband? 1. Is he often late for classes?
14. Does she go in for skating? 15. Are Agatha Christies books popular with the
readers? 16. Does he often come to school late? 17. Does the bill include services? 18.
Does she often praise hr children? 19. Do carpenters make things from wood r metal?
20. Does maize grow in Georgia? 21. Do you believe in love at first sight? 2. Does he
often visit you? 23. Are his grandparents old? 24. Do they allow the children to stay out
at night? 25. Does your cat catch mice? 26. Do you ever regret anything? 27. Has she a
son or a daughter?
Exercise 22. Enlarge on the following statements using words in brackets.
1. People take his opinion into consideration because he is rolling in money (talk). 2.
My teacher keeps discipline in the classroom (not, believe). 3. The UK is a highly
developed industrial country (produce). 4. Its useless to try our department store (not,

- 16 -

sell). 5. Travelling by air is most convenient (reach). 6. I dont think she is in love with
me (flirt). 7. The climate in Los Angeles is dry (not, rain). 8. Ann is a keen theater-goer
(know). 9. It often snows in winter (know). 10. Planes make men nervous (not, travel).
11. Their parents come back home late (not, have). 12. My mother never throws away
old socks (use). 13. His father is too stingy with his money (not, lend). 14. People
celebrate the New Year wholeheartedly (begin). 15. He does not have enough money for
the trip (stay). 16. You do not have many books at home (work). 17. She lives fare from
the Institute (take). 18. Dont waste so much money (not, grow). 19. Nobody likes
bei;ng criticized (discourage). 20. She never mentions his good fortune (keep). 21. My
sons favorite sport is football (play). 22. Pollution kills everything that is alive
(depend). 23. My mother gets up at six oclock every day (go). 24. Her brother does not
like reading (prefer). 25. I am fond of sports (make). 26. In winter the sun sets early
(rise). 27. We have no piece at home because of our children (turn). 28. We rely on her
truthfulness (not, stoop). 29. These ideas are not original (descend). 30. My mother has
terrible trouble getting to sleep (not, drink).
Exercise 23. Complete the sentences using the following works and phrases.
to get there soon, to go to the office, to feel lonely, to go back to France, to try to be
nasty, to knock on the door, to settle the account, to find out about the debt, to want to
put to somebody properly, to prefer to live with somebody, to love, to obey the doctors
orders, to have to spare, to marry somebody, to die, to cook breakfast, to go on like this,
to feel chilly, to ring up, to care to join somebody at brunch, to start anything, to catch
together, to be free, to gamble away ones fortune
1. Ill close up this matter before 2. Youll make her hear if 3. Youll only get
hurt if 4. I shant keep you here until nine unless 5. Hell understand if 6. I
shant stand in her way if 7. Ill certainly join you for coffee before 8. The Old
Man will boil me in oil if 9. Youll be very welcome if 10. Ill be as warm as toast
if 11. We shall never save the house unless 12. We shall be obliged to take
proceedings unless 13. Youll be cured in six months or a year almost if 14. Well
all be killed if 15. Ill finish it if 16. Well go home straightaway if 17. I will
do my best to make her a good and loving husband if 18. Shall I take you round the

- 17 -

house while 19. Itll make my blood boil if 20. I shall be burried here when 21.
Ill be with you as soon as 22. Youll be here after 23. Ill borrow a couple of
aspirins 24. Ill have a place laid for you 25. The mistressll raise Cain if
Exercise 24. Complete the sentences using the following words and phrases.
to hold ones tongue, not to do something, to see ones name in the Sunday papers, to
get hold of, to select on whose mind and tastes are in harmony with, to give way to that
brute of a soldier, to be shot at, to mention somebodys name, to keep damp, not to pay
the rent, to come to tea, to die, to pay, to lose ones good looks, to want, to be as old as
grandfather, to tell somebody, to tell somebody what to do, to grow older, to come
again, to insist on telling somebody, to live as long as, to be imitation, to come back.
1. What will happen if 2. Cook will be quite excited when 3. He wont know it
unless 4. They will do anything they can for you if 5. I shant go tell 6. Ill
break your neck if 7. Ill have that piano tuned before 8. Ill d it if 9. I will
marry you when 10. He will begin this horror again tomorrow if 11. Who will talk
if 12. The sprouts will take rot in the pot if 13. Mother will have much pleasure if
14. Ill tell you quickly enough if 15. Dont shoo unless 16. Youll see things
different when 17. I shall run over the list of my female friends till 18. One loses
everything when 19. Ill teach him all I know when 20. Ill ask or your opinion
when 21. I shall kick the bucket long before 22. Ill make his bones rattle when
23. It wont be long before 24. You think youll never get over
Exercise 25. Complete the sentences using the following words and phrases.
to allow, to make drunk, to catch red-handed, to leave, to et back hoe, to come to the
turn on the left, to go away, to have to stay, to settle down, to get though talking, to
spend the money, to get back, to see something, to get there, to be married, to be too
late, to be drained, to be over, to hear the news, to see somebody, to graduate the
University, to mention somebodys name, to be time to settle down, to tell off.
1. The wont complain if 2. Ill believe it when 3. Youll be dead before 4.

- 18 -

Ill send a message for you when 5. Well wait till 6. Ill ask you to marry me as
soon as 7. I shant be able to type your letters if 8. Ill knock you down if 9.
Ill see you home if 10. You know what spot well be in if 11. I shall die if 12.
I wont forget you when 13. I shall speak to them before 14. We shall wait till
15. Youll remember how you sucked away a mothers life when 16. Youll have to
earn your living when 17. Youll find a hill when 18. He wont marry a poor girl
we 19. We shall need the money when 20. Therell be newspaper reporters there
before 21. It will be the best land on the place when 22. Hell drop dead when
23. Youll be as sober as a judge by the time 24. Youll do some thinking after
Exercise 26. Complete the following sentences.
1. I shall complain (to ) if 2. It wont hurt you if 3. What will happen if 4.
What will he do after 5. Youll feel much better after 6. Ill be back in an hour if
7. Hell be a champion if 8. Youll break the vase if 9. They will thank us if
10. What will you do before 11. I wont leave unless 12. Your mother will have a
fit if 13. Will you wait till ? 14. I wont speak to him until 15. Hell change his
mind when 16. I shall teach you a lesson if 17. You will put on weight if 18.
They will laugh at you if 19. I shall not believe it unless 20. The child will cry
until 2. We shall set out as soon as 22. She will recognize me as soon as 23.
We shall switch on the light after 24. They will think it over before 25. Nick will
not pass the test unless 26. I shall keep to my bed while 27. I shall not lend you
my book unless
Exercise 27. Give Georgian equivalents to the following proverbs. Use them in shot
situation of your own.
1. A cat in gloves catches no mice. 2. Birds of a feather flock together. 3. Still waters
run deep. 4. A stitch in time saves nine. 5. Who keeps company with the wolf, will learn
to howl. 6. A still tongue makes a wise head. 7. Faults are thick where love is thin. 8.
Fine words dress ill deeds. 9. Fine feathers make fine birds. 10. Empty vessels make the
greatest sound. 11. There is one good wife in the country, and every man thinks he has
her. 12. Every heart knows its own bitterness. 13. Misfortune never comes alone. 14.

- 19 -

Charity begins at home. 15. Strike while the iron is hot. 16. Every man has a fool in has
sleeve. 17. Every cloud has a silver lining. 18. All is not gold that glitters. 19. Too many
cooks spoil the broth. 20. The tongue is not steel, yet it cuts. 21. If you want pretence to
whip a dog, say that he ate the frying pan. 22. What soberness conceals, drunkenness
reveals. 23. The early bird catches the worm. 24. Idleness rusts the mind.
Exercise 28. Give Georgian equivalents to the following proverbs. Use them in shot
situation of your own.
1. Who chatters to you, will chatter of you. 2. Salt water and absence wash away
love. 3. Hasty climbers have sudden falls. 4. If a donkey bays at you, dont bray at him.
5. He runs with the hounds and hunts with the hare. 6. Hope is the last thing that we
lose. 7. When poverty comes I at the door love flies out of the window. 8. Men make
houses, women make homes. 9. What belongs to everybody belong to nobody. 10.
Never hit a man when hes down. 11. Misfortunes never come singly. 12. Make hay
while the sun shines. 13. One rotten apple decays the bushel. 14. Marriage makes or
mars a man. 15. A good beginning makes a good ending. 16. Fortune favors the brave.
17. The fool thinks he is wise, but the wise mane knows himself to be a fool. 18. Many
hands make light work. 19. The end crowns the work. 20. Every shoe fits not every foot.
21. Man proposes, God disposes. 22. When two friends have a common purse, one sings
and the other weeps. 23. Marry in haste, repent at leisure.
Exercise 29. Give Georgian equivalents to the following proverbs. Use them in shot
situation of your own.
1. A close mouth catches no flies. 2. Every man has his weak side. 3. Early to be and
early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 4. We never know the value of
water till the well is dry. 5. Two in distress makes sorrow less. 16. Velvet paws hide
sharp claws. 7. A rolling stone gathers no moss. 8. One love drives out another. 9. One
good turn deserves another. 10. New brooms sweep clean. 11. Its not the gay coat that
makes the gentleman. 12. A little body often harbors a great soul. 13. He that mischief
hatches, mischief catches. 14. He who scrubs every pig he sees will not long be clean
himself. 15. Money often unmakes the men who make it. 16. Familiarity breeds

- 20 -

contempt. 17. With time and patience the leaf of the mulberry becomes satin. 18. As the
old cock crows, so does the young. 19. What the heart thinks the tongue speaks. 20.
Every ass loves to hear himself bray. 21. Absence makes the heart grow fonder. 22.
Pride goes before a fall. 23. Time cures more than the doctor.

- 21 -

Exercise 1. Comment on the use of the Past Indefinite in the following sentences.
1. Talking of one thing and another we watched the day decline, we dined, and then
we sat out again on deck under the stars. 2. Mr. Rooney bought that watch from this
store, Cutter said. He bought I approximately six weeks ago. What did I pay for it?
Rooney asked. Id have to look tit up on your books to tell the exact price, Cutter said.
3. Now she was nearly dead with fatigue. She got and went to bed. She took a sleepingdraught. 4. The urban reforms in China began in 1984. 5. Henry I ruled the Country for
thirty-five years. 6. When we were children our father often worked on the nigh-shift. 7
Kitty blushed deeply and, she knew not why, tears suddenly filled her eyes. She covered
her face with her hands. 8. In a moment she heard a heavy step on the creaking stairs.
Townsend came in and shut the door behind him. 9. A feeling of languor crept over Mrs.
Rymer. The figures of the doctor and the nurse grew hazy. She felt blissfully happy and
very sleepy. The doctors figure grew bigger. 10. That evening Julian cooked supper for
Amanda, and they ate it off a tray in front of the fire. 11. I saw the doctor today about
my loss of memory. What did he do? He made me pay him in advance. 12. He
lighted another cigarette, ruefully put away Miss Caesars folder, and got back to work
again. 13. She said she formed her friendship among books. 14. John Carpenter became
the first $ million winner on the American show in 1999. 15. The porter led them along
a corridor and opened a door. Then he set his unstable candle down on a toilet-table and
asked at what hour they were to be called in the morning. 16. Presently a taxi stopped
outside one of the underground stations and a man of thirty-five paid his fare and made
off down one of the small streets. 17. He pressed the bell at the office window inside
and it was a long time before he heard footsteps cross the empty room and saw a
shadow cloud the frosted glass of the window. 18. Poor Fanny! She sang little, and
looked beautiful through that inappropriate hymn. Above her stood Harry mercifully
in a dark suit and dark tie, looking almost handsome. 19. So one evening we had our tea
together, and Awkins lit the lamp and we all sat in to cards Jeremiah Donovan came in
too, and sat down and watched us for a while. Though he was a shy man ad didnt speak
much, it was easy to see he had no great love for the two Englishmen Well, like that
in the story, a terrible dispute blew up late in the evening between Awkins and Noble.
20. There was a long silence. We went on looking at each other. Nobody moved in the
hall. I swallowed; my hand moved to my throat. 21. She laughed and held me still and

- 22 -

kissed me. I responded as well as I could. 22. Equally, of course, the inquest revealed
nothing that the public did not already know. 23. On 24 March 1603 James Stuart
ascended the English throne. 24. I arrived in Dublin on the evening of the 5 th of August,
and drove to the residence. 25. Jims mama screamed as soon as the copper mentioned
her name.
Exercise 2. Write the Past Simple of the following verbs. Read them aloud.
I. to ask, to work, to stop, to crop, to snap, to stab, to rub, to cram, to nag, to rib, to
scrub, to sack, to smug, to smudge, to span, to splash, to clash, to sponge, to spoil, to
broil, to drill, to squander, to spurtle, to spur, to spy, to cry to employ, to squash, to
square, to squeal, to cross, to squib, to stable, to staff, to stage, to stave, to steam, to
stain, to stew, to stimulate, to tolerate, to want, to rot, to stipulate, to stir, to fur, to blur,
to gm, to gun, to gull, to accord, to actuate, to grant, to account, to accost, to act, to add,
to gleam, to stove, to crave, to air, to stare, to analyze, to strand, to land, to mend, to
nest, to net, to pad, to part, to start, to pat, to pelt, to pilot, to plot, to post, to roast, to
mount, to mound, to mould, to lament, to ground, to grade, to decide, to gloat, to
capitate, to capitalize, to abate, to abuse, to alloy, to play, to advance, to absorb, to
announce, to pronounce, to annul, to travel, to towel, to gravel, to level, to marvel, to
grim, to grin, to arm, to cram, to tire, to stare, to attempt, to attend, to attain, to
authorize, to advocate, to baby, to pry, to stay, to bray, to belly, to marry, to bury, to
bully, to prey, to pray, to clay, to spray, to cruise, to bruise, to crutch, to clench, to dash,
to dart, to decay, to decease, to increase, to disease, to defeat, to demand, to delude, to
demote, to dent, to deposit, to grit, to bat, to bit, to fit, to flit, to delay, to decry, to
fortify, to gratify, to obey, to stay.
II. to read, to arise, to write, to bear, to break, to build, to bend, to begin, to flee, to
bleed, to blow, to breed, to burst, to cast, to catch, to choose, to cling, to cost, to creep,
to cut, to spit, to split, to spread, to spring, to steal, to strike, to swear, to rise, to run, to
saw, to say, to see, to seek, to sweep, to swell, to surm, to swing, to take, to teach, to
tear, to throw, to wear, to wind, to shoot, to hear, to hide, to hold, to kneel, to keep, to
lay, to lend, to lie, to lose, to pay, to ride, to ring, to dig, to drive, to eat, to fall, to feel,
to fight, to fly, to forget, to freeze, to give, to go, to grind, to grow, to hang.

- 23 -

Exercise 3. Refer the actions of the following sentences to the past. Use the phrases
in brackets.
1. My friend lies in the Ukraine, (in Russia, five years ago) 2. I work in the Insurance
Company. (in the Oil Company, two years ago) 3. The children are in the garden. (in the
gymnasium, three hours ago) 4. I dont speak Italian. (Chinese, then) 5. I have dinner at
4 oclock. (on Monday, at 5 oclock) 6. We receive letters from Nick regularly. (from
our relatives, last year) 7. Mr. Harris is a prosperous businessman. (a poor worker, ten
years ago) 8. I don buy cheap clothes. (expensive clothes, last year) 9. Thy drive to the
office three times a week. (five times a week last year) 10. My son sleeps till 12 oclock.
(till 10 oclock, on Tuesday) 11. Little Lizzie cannot write yet. (read, some months ago)
12. My daughter dreams of becoming a doctor. (an actress, in her childhood) 13. Does
he believe in early rising? (last year, when he went to school) 14. Harry usually goes to
work by bus. (to walk, yesterday) 15. Mary usually wakes up early. (late, on Sunday)
16. Tom doesnt usually have dinner at home. (at the restaurant, last month) 17. She
usually drinks coffee before going to the office. (tea, yesterday) 18. They always take a
cold shower. (a warm shower, yesterday) 19. They date twice a week. (once a week, last
year) 20. This winter is too cold. (last winter, warm) 2. He doesnt go to the concerts
because of the baby. (because of the exams, last year) 2. As a rule he does his morning
exercises in the yard. (in the room, last winter) 23. His wife doesnt use much
cosmetics. (dye her hair, before she got married) 24. Their father doesnt approve of
girls smoking. (wearing short skits, two yeas ago) 25. I dont earn as much as you do.
(enough to provide for my family, thee years ago) 26. Mr. Brown is not at the office.
(last Monday) 27. I have two sons and a daughter. (only two sons, two years ago) 28. He
teaches his son to ride. (to swim, last month) 29. Do you help your mother to cook? (to
tidy up the flat, yesterday) 30. Are you angry with me? (then)
Exercise 4. Refer the actions of the following sentences to the past. Use the phrases
in brackets.
1. It often rains in April (last year, in October) 2. He listens to the audio on the way
to the office. (last year, after work) 3. Do you travel to the Institute by the
Underground? (by bus, last year) 4. I go in for sports, as I want to be fit. (in my

- 24 -

childhood, my parents) 5. The film starts a 9 oclock (at 8 oclock, on Sunday) 6. Does
your husband smoke? (when you married him) 7. I cook for the family. (My mother-inlaw, when I was in the maternity home) 8. This man knows three foreign languages.
(only two foreign languages, when I got acquainted with him) 9. I am not well today.
(ill, last week either) 10. Is the teacher busy now? (free, then) 11. Is that city big? (when
you first visited it) 12. This dress is old (new, last year) 13. Pete and Nick re diligent
students (lazy, a school) 14. Jack can drive a car. (last year) 15. Our boss meets foreign
delegations once a month. (twice a month last spring) 16. We dont eat meat, we are
vegetarians. (Three years ago) 17. John is usually late for classes, as he always misses
an eight-oclock bus. (last year) 18. Our lives are lively this year. (monotonous and
uneventful last year) 19. I sit next to Jane in class. (next to Lizzie, at the last lesson) 20.
I think I know what is good for myself. (then) 21. He doesnt understand women. (in his
youth) 22. The Professor says that I a good at mathematics and do well in English too.
(last year) 23. We dont write many exercises in class. We write much at home. (two
years ago) 24. There is some butter on the plate. (some cheese, an hour ago) 25. This
policeman wears plain clothes. (a uniform, last week) 27. This happens nearly every
day. (two days ago) 28. Are you sure that he is innocent? (then) 29. My grandparents
have got a cat and a dog. (last year, only a dog) 30. My mother does the washing in our
family. (yesterday, I)
Exercise 5. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative.
1. The sound continued. 2. Her mother sat on the porch waiting. 3. She saw him in
the street. 4. There was no hurry about delivering the message. 5. I needed something to
cling to. 6. He mind played her a trick. 7. Rosalind lay tense and still on the porch. 8.
Strange sharp cries came from the birds. 9. He was a slow, silent man. 10. They had
dinner at three. 11. The en had a smoke in the yard. 12. Rosalind heard her moving
about in the darkness. 13. They had a piano in the country house. 14. He went heavily
through the house. 15. Rosalind began to run. 16. A delicious notion came into her
mind. 17. She was a creator of light. 18. There was a sensation of boldness. 19. He had
his sister with him. 20. We had the jolliest time at the table. 21. I only ran four miles.
Exercise 6. Make the following sentence interrogative and negative.

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1. We went out there one day. 2. Bob had the horse in the stable. 3. She is the nicest
girl I've ever seen in my life. 4. He made a fool of himself. 5. They introduced
themselves. 6. I told about our place down at Marietta. 7. He grabbed the paste brush
out of Freds hand. 8. It was cold outside 9. Outside it rained. 10. They came home from
school late. 11. Will grew a little angry. 12. Mr. Mathers had one child. 13 Mr. Mathers
had a lot of money. 14. He owned some coalmines. 15. He sat in the room upstairs
thinking. 16. Kate laughed at him. 17. Tom is always such a devil to think up things. 18.
There were old people by the fireplace. 19. There was the same shy sarcastic gleam in
her eyes. 20. He had a rest in Kobuleti that summer. 21. They left everything at home.
22. The dogs followed at her heels.
Exercise 7. Put disjunctive questions to the statements given below.
1. It was glorious to be there alone. 2. In the morning Rosalind arrived at eight. 3.
There was an illusion produced. 4. She felt herself being lifted. 5. The gulls turned and
twisted in the air. 6. She belonged there. 7. Walter did not come home from the factory.
8. He lighted a cigarette but did not smoke. 9. Suddenly he wanted to sing. 10. He did
not think of her. 11. Now she was near him. 12. They at together in the car. 13. They
were not his children. 14. His wife stood very near. 15. An hour passed. 16. Walter
remembered many things. 17. They danced wildly. 18. He did not know what to do. 19.
It was the song the Negro sang. 20. There were no dull household sounds. 21. Some of
the girls were shy. 22. Then she grew very still. 23. They did not sleep at night. 24. Her
body trembled violently. 25. I did all he talking. 26. You came home to tell me
something.
Exercise 8. Put disjunctive question to the statements given below.
1. That evening he drove back to Hertfordshire on his motorbike. 2. On their
wedding day he was ecstatic. 3. They met for the first time in a pub. 4. Ross didnt send
her flower. 5. It took a lot of guts to go and thank him in person. 6. He didnt remember
seeing that striking girl. 7. Love changed him completely. 8. When you heard youd got
the job you were very happy. 9. It broke his heart when she left him for another man. 10.

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Business was not bad this time last year. 11. She did not tell him he was useless. 12.
Walt used to joke. 13. She was in floods f tears when she heard it. 14. It was an epoch in
history. 15. He congratulated his rival on his victory. 16. They didnt abuse your
hospitality. 17. There was a tiny office with a stove ad a desk I a corner. 18. All day he
sat in his office. 19. The man did not look at Rosalind. 20. She trembled a little. 21. He
was not a dull citizen of a dreary town. 22. She felt relaxed. 3. She saw him as through
the large end of a telescope. 24 Rosalind became weary of thinking. 25. H was not
shrewd. 26. The whole city seemed to reach upwards.
Exercise 9. Make out alternative questions to the words in bold type. Use the
models.
I. My son was ten years old at last year (2)
Was my son ten or twelve years old last year?
Was my son ten years old last year or two years ago?
II. My teacher translated ten stories into English (3)
Did my or her teacher translate ten stories into English?
Did my teacher or my sister translate ten stories into English?
Did my teacher translate ten stories into English or into German?
1. The boys played football on Sunday (2). 2. I saw him yesterday (2). 3. Nick was at
school last year (2). 4. Pete told me about his examinations (2). 6. The children were
excited (1). 7. Old Edward King was small of stature (2). 8. George went to his room
after dinner (2). 9. The woman set up in her chair (3). 10. I watched the race calm (3).
11. He was interested in history (1). 12. Will felt like crying (2). 13. He had dinner at
5 o'clock (2). 14. My parents managed to buy a drugstore (2). 15. The dogs caught
two rabbits (3). 16. It was a foolish thing to do (1). 17. A laugh broke from the
doctor's leaps (2). 18. Alice blamed Ned Curie for what had happened (2). 19. You
slept badly last night (3). 20. For two days Donald lay in bed (3). 21. Nick worked
eight hours at a stretch (3). 22. My neighbors sold me flowers (2).
Exercise 10. Put as many special questions as possible to the following sentences.

- 27 -

1. He found a quarrel on the tea table. 2.Jerusha traveled for four hours in a train
yesterday. 3. She wanted to write a letter first just to get acquainted. 4. Mrs. Lippett
told Jerusha how to behave all the rest of her life. 5. Mr. Greene stood on the outside.
6. In the end room I came across the Munnings. 7. The man from the office appeared
at his shoulder. 8. I read indecision on all their faces. 9. They all walked behind him
along the corridor. 10. I sold a picture to Maisie in Sydney. 11. He went down in the
lift and along the foyer to the hotels restaurant. 12. He whipped off the glasses with a
theatrical flourish. 13. The two girls looked at each other. 14. Alice worked in the dry
goods store from eight in the morning until six at night. 15. With a long lean hand he
stroked his half grown beard. 16. The doctor dropped heavily back into his chair. 17. He
forgot the presence of the farmer. 18. The mirror on his knees caught the rays of the
dealing sun. 19. He got to the door of the livery barn at eleven oclock. 20. She was a
slender narrow-hipped woman. 21. The heavy dragging footsteps rang loudly on the
wooden stairs. 22 The mother rarely spoke to the daughter. 23. In the morning she crept
away to sit on the step at the side of the house. 24. In the upper part of the house there
were fine rooms. 25. Rosalind thought about him sometimes. 26. She took off her hat ad
laid it on the porch beside her.
Exercise 11. Put as many special questions as possible to the following sentences.
1. My husband won the money in a lottery. 2. His children nursed him kindly during
his illness. 3. She left school when she was fourteen. 4. The chief looked visibly
disturbed. 5. He walked with lowered eyes. 6. He got back last night. 7. Joseph, the
barman, came to me for orders. 8. They heard the voice of the cook in the kitchen. 9. He
was at home the whole day. 10. One day I received a telegram from my landlady. 11. He
gave everything he had to Dr. Drake. 12. He went to some precautions to make certain
he couldnt be traced by the police. 13. The advertisement appeared on the fifth of May.
14. When he was 24, he married one of his fellow-students. 15. In Kansas City Walt met
another artist. 16. The Titanic sank because it hit a huge iceberg. 17. The bus stop was at
the end of the street 18. My friends were there yesterday. 19. He had breakfast at 8.30.
20. My mother went to the post office yesterday. 21. Tom King laughed good-naturedly.
22. Before the race I went over to the paddocks to see. 23. They rented ten acres of poor
stony land on Grigg. 24. For ten or fifteen minutes Mary sat on the stone beneath the

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tree in the orchard. 25. The widow ran through the front gate waving her arms wildly.
26. There was a kind of power in Melville Stoner that frig;htened her.
Exercise 12. Express solidarity, using So/Neiher (Nor) did/was/had I.
1. My mother decided to leave the town (My father). 2. Joe wanted to be an artist
(My brother). 3. He helped at home with the domestic chores (Nick). 4. Joe didnt feel
selfish and mean. 5. I wasnt tired at the end of the day (I). 6. Joe didnt have any regret
about his life (Liza). 7. I found it very difficult to be plunged into city life (Joe). 8. The
first question was not difficult (The second question). 9. We were sure we had been here
before (They). 10. You thought those stories were true (They). 11. I didnt go to the
party last night (I). 12. Any got drunk at Annes party (Joe). 13. She didnt have time to
eat breakfast (We). 14. She wasnt pretty (Her sisters). 15. We drank coffee an hour ago
(They). 16. Old Mrs. Forrest was slightly indisposed (Old Mr. Forrest). 17. Eleanor, he
knew, was at the wedding (Charlotte). 18. It was a shock to me to find that Father didnt
have any principles (Mother). 19. Her frank selfishness appealed to him (The
righteousness of the others). 20. Hour by hour he saw the past being irreparably spoiled
(she). 21. When he as out of the house he felt compunction (She). 22. He didnt want to
throw himself away on some girl that wasnt up to him (His bother). 23. So I decide to
follow my own instincts (I).
Exercise 13. Supply the Past Indefinite forms of the verbs in the box.
open, peer, turn, walk, make, settle, pick, dial, take, hear, drink, climb, start, drive,
wind, catch, terminate, get ride up, enter, see, thin, survey, lapse, shrug, turn, wear,
have, flutter, swoop down, swing, marry, narrow, hold, fall, adjust, take, spend, tell, dab,
acquire
1. He in behind the steering wheel, the car, and slowly down the driveway.
2. The jay noisily from branch to branch, until he was almost even with Masons
shoulder. 3. Sheriff Barnes the door. A blond, studious-appearing young man in the
early thirties owlishly from behind horn-rimmed spectacles. 4. Sergeant Holcomb
on his heel and away, showing his silent disgust. 5. Mason the receiver and

- 29 -

Paul Drakes voice at the other end of the line. 6. They the cool water, bending over
the rock basin. 7. The road up the sides of the long canyon, turning and twisting on
itself like a snake in pain. 8. Through the windshield Mason occasional glimpses of
purple mountains. 9. He Perry Mason with slightly protruding eyes. 10. Waid into
silence with an amused smile flickering at the corners of his mouth. 11. Mason his
shoulders and away. 12. He spectacles and sort of tired eyes. 3. Della Street
the car skillfully through the late afternoon traffic. 14. The man she must be twenty
years older than she is. 15. Masons eyes I thoughtful speculation. 16. Mrs. Winters
carefully her glasses, the newspaper picture from Mason, and it up so that the
western light full upon it. 17. Mason the interview by raising his hat with
elaborate politeness. 18. I you drive up and maybe that was the bus I was looking
for. 19. We our honeymoon there. 20. And you no attempt to find out the name of
the man? 21. Mrs. Sabin back in her chair. 22. Mrs. Sabin to her feet. 23. The
up on the elevator with him and his private office. 24. She her sister she was
going to Sabins residence to talk with the son. 25. He up his telephone and a
number. 26. Della Street at her eyes with a lace-bordered handkerchief. 27. Along
abou;t that time, she the reputation of being narrow-minded and strait-laced, and a
poor sport.
Exercise 14. Supply the Past Indefinite forms of the verbs in the box.
be, nurse, ask, see, invite, accept, feel, put, ring, free, enter, hand, take, stand, keep,
speak, read, soak up, wear, think, surge, show, open, change, begin, run, lead, thrust,
drag, find, stare, seem, get up, hear, go, look, arrive, mention, dance, shake, make, sit,
catch
1. At that moment the butler with a telegram on a salver which he to Lord
Yardly. 2. The telephone and she to answer it. 3. But she finally me directly,
and I no reason to refuse when she it like tat. 4. He ill for some days, and they
him kindly. 5 She a chair and on it to reach into the cupboard over the built-in
wardrobe for the shoebox in which she all her and Christiess savings. 6. But as she
spoke Christie to cry helplessly, collapsing against her. 7. To the right the river
between the mills ad warehouses of the town; and to the left the footpath under the

- 30 -

bridge and beyond. 8. He his hand into his pocket and out a fistful of notes. 9. The
police Walter Streeter slumped across the dining-table. 10. He at William
Stainsforth face, his cruel, crafty face, with to be always in shadow. 11. He to the
street door and out. 12. A wave of panic up in Walter Streeter. 19. The fist
postcard a picture of Your Minster. 14. About ten days later another postcard, this
time fro Berwick-on-Tweed. 15. The whole of that day they never once what had
happened, any of them. 16. They her red-handed with he forty-one caliber shells. 17.
The words across he television screen. 18. Esme her head. 19. When he had gone
she herself a pot of tea, and quietly at the kitchen table, a little dazed. 20. Mr.
Curry . promptly at eight she his alarm clock and then the pips of the radio news.
21. When she her mouth to question him more closely, he the subject. 22. When
she him to say and share the lamb casserole with her, he so quickly that she
guilty. 23. He not novels or biographies or war memoirs, but his encyclopedia. 24.
His mind everything, but particularly of a zoological, geographical or
anthropological nature. 25. He a cream linen jacket and straw hat with a black band.
26. She of going home, of turning the contents of Mr. Currys room out onto the
pavement. 27. He on checking all the long distance charges.
Exercise 15. Supply the Past Indefinite form of the verbs in the box.
bid, carry, have, put on, prepare, flip, reach experience, get over, be, leave, seem, go,
force, give, catch, write, down, walk, hold, stare, feel, rise, send, write, regret, throw,
pass, take up, not seem, bring, come, awake, look, shake, see, say, quicken, catch up,
slam, stagger, sink, sit, blush, take, go
1. He a regretful farewell to the dressed peacock. 2. Somehow her tale
conviction. 3. When she fourteen, still hardly able to read or write, she school,
and as she incapable of further training she into service. 4. Sarah Ruth just
food in the pot and (to let) it boil. 5. Another hour before he his electric
instrument. 6.It was two fifty. I a shower, a clean, clotting and otherwise
myself for encountering Diana. 7. He the page quickly, feeling that When he the
one ordained, a sign would come. 8. Her mother to mind his attention to the girl as
long as he a basket of something with him when he 9. When Oliver eventually ,

- 31 -

weak, thin and pale, he anxiously around the room. 10. He with lowered eyes, and
sitting down, he his head in his hands and at the floor. 11. Blunt his head. I
never him after dinner, he 12. Not long after this she a glimpse of Debbie in
the bathroom preparing to have a shower. 13. The man a hopeless shrug. 14. The
door behind me, revealing the fat jogger herself. 15. I the address in my notebook.
16. He his pace until he with Joseph. 17. Alan himself to smile at her and nod
his head. 18. Alan a curious sinking in the pit of his stomach. 19. He to his feet.
20. Kitching to the chair on the other side of the desk. 21. Alan the blood leaves
his face. 22. He to his feet, ashamed to fin his legs shaking. 23. Who that
miserable letter to Kitching? 24. Perhaps whoever that wretched letter already it.
25. Alan and Dorothy beside the stream. 26. She crimson. 27. He a deep
breath. 28 We by bus to Kilmarnock. 29. I over the shock at last.
Exercise 16. Use the Past Indefinite Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. Cole (to walk) to the front of the garage and (to heft) the rusted padlock in his
hand, pulling a couple of the screws that (to hold) the hasp to the door loose. He (to
pull) again and the hasp (to fall) into his hand and he (to drop) it to the floor, (to kick) it
to one side. 2. He (to glance) up and down the cinder road, (to push) his fingers into the
gap between the doors and (to tug). 3. The door (to open) a fraction and then (to jam)
against a packed wedge of dirt. Cole (to kick) at the dirt with his foot and (to pull) the
door back another foot or so. 4. Back in the center of the city, he (to book) into a hotel,
(to pay) over the odds for a bottle of Jameson and finally (to fall) asleep At work next
day, he (to bark) at anyone who as much as (to glance) in his direction. 5. Cole (to snap)
the lighter closed in his fist, and (to jump) forwards and (to ram) the gun into Stamps
mouth, (to ride) the momentum until Stamp (to crack) his head on the floor. The gun (to
fall) loose and Cole (to scramble) to pick I up, then (to ram) it back into Stamps mouth,
(to crack) teeth. 6. Colin suddenly (to stand) up, (to lean) against the boards and (to
stagger) into the crowd, followed by Bert. 7. A violent battering at the door of the inn
(to recall) him to his soberer senses. He (to fly) to the window, (to pull) the shutters
open, and (to look) out. In the faint dawn he (to see) below him a mob of men. 8. He (to
rise) and (to stand) behind her; he (to touch) the black hair. She (to make) no movement
or sign. He (to pull) out two or three combs and let the whole mass tumble about his

- 32 -

hands. 9. She (to come) back ten, (to put) don the candlestick, and (to tiptoe) across the
room until he (to meet) her. 10. In the morning he (to breakfast) without seeing her, but
as he (to have) business in the world that (to give) him just an hour longer at the inn
before he (to leave) it for good and all, he (to go) into the smoke-room and (to find) her.
She (to greet) him with curious gaze. 11. Suddenly a very odd impulse (to sweep) over
him. He (to want) to go after her to reassure her he (to have) the strange feeling that
she (to be) in danger. The impulse (o die) down, and he (to feel) ashamed. 12. He (to
ring) and when the maid (to come) (to tell) her to bring in hot coffee. It (to be) brought
She (to butter) a roll. He (to shrug) his shoulders and (to begin) to eat. 13. If it (to
be) cold Monday evening, why he (not to light) a fire? He , Sergeant Holcomb (to
say). Theres no evidence to show that he (not to ). 14. And when you (to pay) the
money? I to pay) that on the evening of Wednesday the seventh at a New York hotel.
15. For a few seconds the woman (to hesitate) there on the bank, then she (to turn) and
(to fleed) along the path, away from the bridge, stuffing banknotes into her bag as she
(to go). Behind her she (to hear) the deep splash as Christie (to plunge) into the river,
and she (to quicken) her pace to a stumbling run. 16. He (to smile), (to bow) again and
(to withdraw). 17. Talking of one thing and another we (to watch) the day decline, we
(to dine), and then we (to sit) out again on deck under the stars. 18. There and then shrill
cries (to burst) upon them. The cat (to lap) from the garden to the window-sill; there (o
be) a thrush in its mouth, shrieking. The cat (to pause) on the sill, furtive and hesitant.
Without a thought Oppidan (to plunge) forward, (to seize) the cat, and with his free
hand (to clutch) what he cold of the thrush. 19. Hubert (not to look) up. The water (to
slide) and (to slide) away before his eyes; Minnies fingers (to play) in his hair, to run)
carelessly over the nape of his neck. He (to feel) suddenly a positive hatred for this
woman. 20. Thee (to be) things men (to do) on Saturday nights. Work (to be) at an end
for the week and money (to jingle) in pockets. Young workmen (to eat) in silence and
(to hurry) away, one by one, down into the town. 21. One of them (to see) her purse on
he table. He (to go) to it, (to remove) the change purse, and (to start) to take out he bills.
22. He (to feel) that the name (to mean) something personal to him.
Exercise 17. Use the Past Indefinite Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. The fishing season (not to open) until the sixth, and Fremont Sabin never (to fish)

- 33 -

before the season (to open). 2. And you (to ask) him whether he (to recognize) Mr.
Sabins voice?: Yes, he He (to know) it (to be) Sabin with whom he was talking. 3.
He (to go) to met the last train, but when she (not to come) he (to grow) suddenly
frightened. 4 That evening Julian (to cook) supper for Amanda, and they (to eat) it off a
tray in front of the fire. 5. What he (to say) when he (to bring) the parrot home? 6. What
you (to mean), Nick, when you (to ask) me if I (to know) Payson reputation? 7. She (to
walk in), (to make) no other reply to Elizabeths greeting than a slight movement of the
head and (to sit down) without a word. 8. They (not to tell) me that they (to want) to
injure you physically. 9. Gregory (to see) her the first time as he (to enter) the large
dining-room at seven. 10. It somehow (to give) m the impression that he (not to be)
keen on Florence. 11. I (to forget) all about this conversation until the night before he
(to leave). 12. When Arnold (to reach out) and (to snatch) the glasses from his eyes,
Babcok (to rise) from the chair, (to grasp) at empty air, and barely (to steady) himself
against the side of the bench, short of falling. 13. He (to go) backs to his table. His
whisky glass (to be) empty, but he (to shake) his head when Alix (to look) at it
questioningly. 14. Charlie (to get up). He (to take) his coat and hat and (to start) down
the corridor. Then he (to open) the door of the dining-room and (to say) in strange voice,
Good might, children. 15. During the long journey the passengers (to become)
friendly and (not to hide) anything from each other. 16. Edie (to go) over and (to bend)
down to kiss her. 17. There (to b) silence in the room. Eddie (to sit) down and (to begin)
putting on his shoes. 18. The judge (to be) very angry, he (to open) the window and to
throw) the box out. 19. He (to know) exactly when he (to want) to go. 20. Eddie (to
sigh) and (to turn) around and (to sit up), rubbing his hair with his hands. 21. It shows
how little I (to know) Jeeves in those days tat I (not to go) a bit deeper into the matter
with him. 22. He (to confess) that he (to like) her but still that he (not to trust) her not
yet. 23. He (to close) his eyelids and (to fall asleep) at once. 24. You must be more
careful, James. You (to hear) what Grandma (to say)? 25. He (to pour) himself out a
glass, (to light) a cigarette and (to sit down) on the edge of her bed she (to move) a little
to give him more room. He (to accept) the situation as perfectly natural. 26. Julia (to
give) tem a wistful look before she (to shake) her head in refusal. 27. The sound of his
voice and the words (to tell) her who it (to be). It (to be) the flushing young man whose
name she (not to know). 28. She (to sweep) up and down the room. They (to have) a
small flat at Buckingham Gate and there (not to be) much space, but she (to do) her

- 34 -

best. She (to throw up) her hands to heaven. 29. I wonder if he is going to say
anything. She (not to answer). She (not to know) what he (to mean).
Exercise 18. Use the Past Indefinite Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. Waddington (not to answer). He (to turn) round and (to look) at her, then he (to
put) is hand on her arm. 2. This time Julia slightly (to shake) her head. She to give a
sob. She (to lean) back in the chair and (to turn) her head aside. 3. Ray (to lose) his
nerve and this is really the end of the story of what (to happen) to him. It (to be) almost
dark when he (to get) to the fence and he (to put) his hands on the top bar and (to stand)
staring. Hal (to jump) a ditch and coming up close to Ray (to put) his hands into his
pockets and (to laugh). 4. Wing Biddlebaum (to become) wholly inspired. For once he
(to forget) the hands. Slowly they (to steal) forth and (to lie) upon George Willards
shoulders. Something new and bold (to come) into the voice that (to talk). 5. With a
convulsive movement of his body, Wing Biddlebaum (to spring) to his feet and (to
thrust) his hands deep into his trousers pockets. Tears (to come) to his eyes. 6. Ray (to
run) clumsily and once he (to stumble) and (to fall) down and although his breath (to
come) in gasps he (to keep) running harder and harder Then he (to remember) his
children ad in fancy (to feel) their hands clutching at him. 7. At the station he (to write)
a second telegram to the farm and then (to tear) it up. 8. He (to look) at her for a
moment without understanding, and when he (to catch) what she (to mean) he (to laugh)
laud. 9. The little woman suddenly (to sit up) in bed. Nickys heart (to jump) to his
mouth. He (to make) a great effort to keep is head. 10. When you first (to know you (to
love) me? When I (to begin) to get mad when people (to say) you (to be) brainless
and unattractive. 11. Why you (to break) your engagement to Tom? He (to deceive)
me. He (to tell) me he (to be) a liver and kidney specialist, and I (to find) that h only (to
work) in a butchers shop. 12. Why you (not to answer) the letter I (to send) you?
Why, I (not to get) any letter from you. And besides, I (not to like) the things you (to
say) in it! 13. And Row Jimmy (to do) in hi history examination? Oh, not at all
well, but there, it (not to be) his fault. Why, They (to ask) him things that (to happen)
before the poor boy (to be born). 14. Eustace (to spring) to meet him, and (to leap) right
up into his arms, and (to put) his own arms round his neck. 15. When she (to bring out)
his tea, he (to say): How you (to like) my friend, Megan? She (to force) down her

- 35 -

upper lip, as if afraid tat to smile (not to be) polite. He (to be) a funny gentleman; he
(to make) us laugh. What he (to say) to make you laugh? He (to say) I (to be) a
daughter of the bards. What are they? Welsh poets, who (to live) hundred of years ago.
He (to mean) that you (to be) the sort of girl they (to sing) about. She (to wrinkle) her
brows. 27 She (to shake) her head and, picking up the candlestick, (to turn) to the door.
He (not to move), he just (to call) her name: Ruth! She (to come) back then, (to put
down) the candlestick, and (to tiptoe across he room until he (to meet) her. The bliss of
the embrace (to be) so poignant that he (to be) almost glad when she (to stand up) again
and (to say) with affected steadiness, though he (to hear) the tremor in her voice: I
must et you your candle. She (to bring) one from the hall, (to set it on the table in front
of him, and (to strike) the match. 28. He told me that he (not to want) to be disturbed
and I (to repeat) his order to Parker. 29. At the age of 18, Peter (to leave) home for the
first time to do military service. 30. When he (to come back) from Monte? He (to get
back) last night. He (to enjoy) himself? I suppose so.

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Exercise 1. Comment on the use of the Future Indefinite Tense in the following
sentences.
1. Come along now, and Ill show you something, which isnt waste of time. 2. Ho
long will he be here? Well, not more than half an hour. 3. Come up to my room and
have a wash. Lunchll be ready in a jiffy. 4. Tomorrow Ill go to Gorquay and get some
more money, and get you some clothes and then well steal away. 5. If you drop in
about six oclock tonight well settle the details on the spot. 6. Tell me where youll be
and Ill phone you in half an hour. 7. You wont always like me best, honey. Youll grow
up and meet somebody your own age. 8. If I am not careful I will grow unaccustomed to
being with people. 9. Will you persuade him to come? I am sure he will if you make a
point of it, ad when he knows the way hell come again. 10. Youll find it a little
different here. I mean youll notice a lot of things thatll seem to you sort f vulgar
display at fist. 11. In a years time or less, I shall ask you to change your mind. The
girl shook her head. No, it will be useless. 12. Have a seat and Ill be with you in
about two minutes. 13. Only dare, milord, to lay a finger on that child. Youll regret it
forever. 14. Ill tell you what Ill do. I'll buy an air gun. Then if a cat comes, we can
shoo it, and it wont kill the cat, but itll hurt, and the cat wont come again. 15. There
will be a glass in front of you. In it there will be something tat will send you to sleep.
16. I believe it will be a good day. We shall start with your reading lesson. 17. If youll
just have your passports ready, pleas, we will cut down the time factor. 18. Funs fun,
but well all wind up with pneumonia, playing games down here.
Exercise 2. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense (Present or Future
Indefinite).
1. What your aunt (to say) to you when she (to hear) what you have to say. 2. Maybe
you think it (not to be) a relief to me when this (to be) over, Perry. 3. If he (to refuse) to
come in to dinner, we (to be) thirteen, and my party (to be ruined). 4. Some day when
you (to come up) to the house I (to read) those letters to you. 5. We (not to talk) about t,
if you (not to mind), Raffles. 6 They certainly (no to risk) mens lives in an open boat
unless there (to be) some indication the persons still alive. 7. I just (to go) and (to ring)
at the door and if the nurse (to send) me packing, it (not to matter). 8. When you (to

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know) us better, you (to realize) that we (not to lie) on money here me (to live) on debts.
9. They (to go) as far as the police-post at Kenscoff if the car (not to break) down. 10.
After he (to get) the money he (to pass) the buck to the board of directors and (to let)
them assume responsibility for the double-cross. 11. If she (to go) there she (to put) her
neck in a noose. 12. If you (not to stop) I right now I (to break) every bone of your dirty
little body. 13. She (to be) all right when you (to now) her better. 14. Im sure he (to let)
me say if you (to speak) for me. 15. He (to have) a breakdown if he (not to take care),
but he (not to spare) himself. 16. I (to mend) that net of yours, while you (to go on) with
your unpacking. 17. When he (to grow up) he (to be) all right. 18. I (to tell) you about
that after you (to tell me about the Products Refining Company. 19. If we (to go)
through with this thing, I (to shoot) square with you and I (to want) your company to
shoot square with me. 20. If you (not to defend) yourself, they (to assume) you cant.
21. You (to pardon) me if I (to interrupt) you, Mr. Mon. 22. I (to get) to the Trianon
before the lights (to go out)? Yes if you (to go) direct. 23. Dont you dare to speak
to me, she screamed. If you (to insult) me I (to have) you turned out of here. 24. I
dont think they (to do) much more about it unless you (to tell) them the whole story.
25. If I cant get a client acquitted b using my wit, I (to let) him rot in jail, Mason
said. 26. You (to let) us know if you (to hear) anything about Helen. 27. I (to leave) you
to have a yarn. Feddie (to show) you your quarts when you (to want) to go to bed. 28. I
(to paint) your picture, Maisie, when I (to get back). 29. I (to give) you the half-crown
next week, when I (to get) paid. 30. I wont like you riving back alone. I (to lend) you a
boy if we (to have) one left.
Exercise 3. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense (Present or Future
Indefinite).
1. I (to be able) to do that when my vacation (to come) in November. 2. I need
weapon. I (to return) it when my enlistment (to be) over. If you (not to mind), sir. 3. If
se (to become) old and infirm then I (to look after her. 4. Herb, if you (to try) that kind
of thing I (to take) you right out and (to turn) the hose on you. 5. If you (to put) your
shoes on the hot stove they (to be burnt). 6. I (to play) piquet with you when I (to come)
back. 7. We (to do) much better if we (to face) it altogether and (to do) it quickly. 8. He
(not to make) a fuss. Even if he (to notice) the difference.9. Unless you (to have)

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anything better to do perhaps you (to dine) with us tonight 10. Tomorrow morning
after we (to land) it (to be) over. 11. You (to do) it again if you (to think) you can get
away with it. 12. If that day (to come) I promise you I (to run) to cover. 13. I never (to
marry) you if those Recollections (to be) published. 14. If you (to be) very nice to Julia I
dare say she (to give) you a photograph of herself when you (to go). 15. You (to find)
your father and me in the Madame du Barry room when you (to be) through. 16. You (to
get) this out f here before anybody else (to see) him. 17. When I (to retire) I (to take) a
little Chinese house in Peking and (to spend) the rest of my days there. 18. You (to
understand) what I mean when you (to know) her. 19. If I (to tell) him what you said
about hi, he (to give) you a hard whipping! 20. I (to see) you again before you (to be)
asleep. 21. If we (to wait) much longer I (to lose) Honorias childhood and my chance
for a home. 22. We (to be) awfully late if that No.12 bus (not to come) soon. 23. If you
(to promise) not to come to the restaurant any more I (to see) you for a minute. 24. If
you (to keep) coming around here anymore I (to tell) the manager and h (to tell) the
police. 25. If you (not to take) me along, I (to have) to get some other people to help me.
26. If (not to do) any good to anyone if you (to get shot). 27. Roberta and I have been
married and well be married until we (to die). 28. I (to ring) you up when I (to get)
home. 29. I hop you (to spend) an evening with us. My wife (to be) delighted to meet
you. 30. If you (to get thrown) out of the Hiltons windows, you (not to be) alive to tell
the tale.
Exercise 4. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense (Present or Future
Indefinite).
1. You (to have) to grow a little bit older before you (to stand) much chance against
me, Mac. 2. Why, I (to skin) you alive if you even (to look) at hi. 3. When someone (to
come) along and (to want) to write the story of our careers he (to find) all the material
ready to his hand. 4. I (to do) that when I (to get) good and ready. 5. If you (to take)
away all the food from a place the rats (to leave). 6. If you (to turn) to your left when
you to get out of here you (to come) to Camerons in about three minutes. 7. If any
young man ever (to look) at you and (to make) funny noises, you (to ignore) him. 8. I
(to see) myself dead before I (to work) for a nigger. 9. If you (to stop) his allowance,
Mother, I (to send) him mine. 10. If I (to go) I to bring you something. 11. We (to

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knock) it over as soon as it (to get) light. 12. I (to be) glad when the end of the year (to
come). 13. You (to make) no decision and (to set) no dates until you (to be) sure about
what you think and feel. 14. I dare say when he (to be) as old as I am he (to have) no
more hair than I have. 15. I (to prove) it I you (to give) me time to consult the
authorities. 16. If she (to die) what (to happen) to the house? 17. If he (not to make) her
happy he (to have) me to count with. 18. I am sure after this he (not to mind) if you (not
to call) him sir. 19. If I (to clean up) now, you (to protect) me against them, Mr.
Brush? 20. You (to be pleased) when I (to tell) him about it. 21. You (not to be) mad at
me for long when you (to know) the story. 22. What we (to talk) about we (to be
married)? 23. I (to be glad) to get out of this house before Constance (to find) you out.
24. If you (to make) me stay here I (to die). I wan to go home. 25. I never (to forget) it
as long as (to live). 26. I hope you (to have) a pleasant journey home. Oh, but I (to
see) you before I (to go). 27. If anyone (to come) to the door I (to go) and (to let) them
in and (to tell) them the truth. 28. It (to be) all right if you (to wait). 29. If you (to get)
nowhere I (to protest) tomorrow. 30. Sometimes, when you (to be married) to Isabel,
you (to think) of me.
Exercise 5. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense (Present or Future
Indefinite).
1. He just (to do) that portering job for fun. When he (to be tired) of it he (to move)
on. Hes just an eccentric. 2. If you (to come) in about four, I (to give) you a cup of tea
into the bargain. 3. You (to know) what (to happen) if we (to let) her out of this and it
(to turn out) shes a fence. 4. That (to mean) I (to have) to dash out just as soon as we
(to dock). It (to men) I (to have) to leave you at the mercy of the police officers. 5. If
you (to steal) it [my icon], said Eugene, I (to and) you over to the police. 6. I want to
say oh, it doesnt matter. Say it when you (to come back). I (to come back), ?
7. She said, If I (to leave) this home I (to take) Elizabeth with me. 8. By God, I (to
enjoy) life if it (to kill) me and it probably will! 9. If you (to see) the governor tell him
to have the money ready when I (to call) for it. 10. If you (to go) back to the tent, you
(to find) that of our B footprint, set number one has those two nails missing. 11. If
thee (to be) campers there, they at any rate (to tell) us the lie of the land. 12. It money
for jam if you (to act) straight by the Society. 13. And if I (to say) yes? Then you

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(to be) a rich man in less than no time, with money in your pocket to live like a
gentleman. 14. And when you (to get) there, do as you (to be) told and speak the truth,
because if you (not to speak) the truth, Number One will deal with you. 15 You (to
spare) me if I (to tell) you? I (to make) no promises. Be quick. 16. If you (to
mention) names here, you certainly (to have) no hope of mercy. 17. If you (to beat) me
Im damned if I (to speak) at all. 18. If you (to have) anything (to say) in defense of
your folly, I (to hear) it later. 19. If you (to be going) to jail all the married men who buy
flowers for girl friends, there (not to be) enough citizens outside the jail to pay the taxes.
20. Afterwards, when you (to be) regularly one of us, we (to tell) you the name of the
place. 21. Look here youve told me a lot of things. I (to be) if I (to say) No? Oh,
yes if you (to behave) yourself and (not to make) trouble for us. Hm, I see. And if
I (o say) yes? 22. I (not to pay) a penny until I (to be) forced. 23. This time I (to
hide) and when they (to come) to fill the hole, I (to tell) them who I am. 24. When a
friend f mine (to wake up) I (to touch) him for a couple of bucks and (to go) to a hotel.
Exercise 6. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense (Present or Future
Indefinite).
1. He is in the library. I you (to ring), one of the maid (to take) you to him. 2. I (to
give) you a shout when I (to be) ready. 3. if I (not to lose) speed I (to win) this race
before (to know) where I am. 4. But you really must take those lungs out of San
Francisco. If you (to stay) here in the fog, you (not to live) a year. 5. But when he (to
go) to school we (to give) the poor fellow a few things he never ad. 6. As you say, the
scoundrel is not particularly ingenious. As soon as the police (to arrest) him, he no
doubt (to confess). 7. You (to come) back with me now? No. I think if I (to pay) you
a visit tomorrow it (to be) more satisfactory. 8 Even now I owe money at the bank. You
(to find) that out when I (to be gone). 9. What you (to do) while I (to be) away? 10. And
if we (to see) him we (to tell) him you were looking for him. 11. You (to look out) for
him if you (to see) him about. Sergeant, wont you? she said. 12. I havent got it with
me but I (to bring) it next time (to come). 13. I dont care what you think of me. If you
(to refuse) a divorce I (to go) simply away Phyllis is ready for anything, poor child.
14. I (to pay) your dues, father, when you (to cease) turning the house of God into a
polling booth. 15. When I (to write) a book, he said, I (to make) you the laughing

- 41 -

stock of the nation. 16. Let me tell you that if the contract (not to be) copied before this
evening I (to lay) the matter before Mr. Crosbie. 17. Please, look, if I (to confess) to my
dad and if I (to get) the bloody icon back will you let me have your cousin? 18. If you
(to get) to the bottom of this business, it (to be) a pretty good piece of word. 19. If you
(not to come) quick, nurse, I (to run) out there to where there are snakes. 20. Mrs.
Narracomble smiled. Then (to be) the tea ready when you (to come back). 21. I (to loan)
you the ten smackers if you (to let) me make you a beard. 22. There (to be) the tea ready
when you (to come) back. 23. If he (to have) a murder case, I (to listen) to him. If he (to
want) me to draw up a chattel mortgage, the answer is no. 24. If she (not to marry)
Jimmy, of course she (to marry) nobody. 25. My proposition is that as soon as the rain
(to letup) we (to go) along here and (to see) what we can do. 26. As soon as we (to be
married) we (to ask) them to stay with us at Malta. 7. I (to know) his wife (to be vexed)
with him if he (to find) Miss Thompsons effrontery amusing.
Exercise 7. Open the brackets using the verbs I the correct form. Determine the type
of the subordinate clause and explain the choice of the tense expressing a future action.
1. I dont know when I (to get back) to England. But as soon as I (to get back) the
first thing I (to do) will be to come and see you and ask you to marry me. 2. They
always (to remember) the day when they (to go) to the Buckingham Palace for the first
time. 3 When I (to want) your opinion (to ask) for it. But I am not sure if I (to want) it. 4
When I (to get hold) of him (to make) his bones rattle but I just wonder when it (to
happen). 5. I (to b happy) if I (to se) my name in the winners list but I doubt if I (to see)
it. 6. If all (to go) well we (to travel) to Italy but we wonder if everything (to go) well. 7.
If you (to bring) me luck we (to have) an adventure but it is doubtful if you ever (to do)
it. 8. If we (to play) our cards well we (to come out) on top but I cant say if (to be able)
to play them well. 9. When the bell (to go) the lesson (to start). 10. Tell me if you (to
feel) chilly and if you (to feel) chilly we (to go) straight home. 11. If he (to start)
anything, I (to finish) it but I am interested if he (to start) it. 12. Do you know if they (to
get married) and when they (to have) honeymoon? I want to be the first to congratulate
them. 13. If it (to go on) like this we all (to be killed). I just wonder if it (to go on) like
this. 14. I wonder if you (to have) time to play chess with me. If you (to have) time in
the evening lets meet at Bobs place. 15. When does the weather forecast say it (to clear

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up) in our city? If it (to clear up) at the weekend we (to go) to the country. 16. I doubt if
he (to remember) to send us a telegram when he (to arrive) in Moscow. 17. None of us
knows when the delegation (to arrive) but when they (to arrive) we (to meet) them. 18. I
want to know if they (to pass) the test but if they (to pass) it successfully they (to get)
the job. 19. Who will tell me when the match (to begin)? 20. Dont you know when the
train (to start)?
Exercise 8. Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct form. Determine the type
of the subordinate clause and explain the choice of the tense expressing a future action.
1. Id like to know if she (to marry) me but if she (to marry) me I (to be) the happiest
man in the world. 2. He doubts if she (to come) to the rendezvous. If she (to come) he
(to propose) to her. 3. I dont know yet when I (to see) Nellie but when I (to see) her I
(to ask) her about her plans. 4. He doesnt say if he (to be able) to pay m his debt but if
he (not to pay) it I (to be) in a tight corner. 5. He asks me if I (to be) free at the weekend
and if I (to be) free when we (to meet) on Saturday or Sunday. 6. Tell me, please,
when you (to be) back and if anybody (to meet) you at the station. If nobody (to meet)
you when you (to arrive) I (to call) a taxi. 7. I wonder when they (to move) to a new flat
and if they (to repair) it before they move. 8. I dont know yet when I (to be ready) but
when I (to be ready) I (to call) you. 9.We ask the surgeon when he (to operate) on or
father and if the operation (to take place) on Monday when they (to discharge) Father
from hospital. 10. The children are eager to know if I (to take) them to the circus and if I
(to be able) to do it on Sunday. 11. I dont know hen they (to give) me a holiday this
year but if I (to have) a holiday in August I (to go) to Batumi. 12. Id like to know when
we (to go) on a picnic. 13. Mother asks me when I (to come) home from school and if I
(to help) her with the housework. Besides that she tells me if I (to buy) cheese she (to
bake) a cheesecake. 14. I wonder if the weather (to be) fine on Sunday. 15. If the
weather (to be) fine and if there (to be) no wind we (to go) to the sea. 16. I am not sure
if we (to find) the way out and if the situation (to improve). 17. If he (to keep) late hours
he (not to wake up) early the next morning. 18. I wonder if he (to keep) his word and if
he (to write) to me every month. If he (to write) to me regularly I (to do) the same.
Exercise 9. Complete the following sentences.

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1. If you get drunk again 2. If you go hungry 3. When she returns 4. If you
lose he watch 5. When he dies 6. If you are not careful 7. As soon as he spends
the money 8. If you stay out till late 9. While Mother is away 10. Until I know
the truth 11. Before Mother comes 12. If he doesnt stop smoking 13. Until he
apologizes 14. Unless you keep it in the refrigerator 15. When I recover 16.
When they are hungry 17. If you fail the exam 18. As soon as the day breaks
19. If the child gets into mischief 20. While it is cold 21. When the lecture is over
22. If you break your promise 23. After the baby is born 24. If he gives her
flowers 25. After hey save the money 26. As soon as he earns the money
Exercise 10. Supply the Present Indefinite or Future Indefinite forms of the verbs in
the box.
try, scream, dream, die, take, allow, help, talk, cry, pop off, make, start, tell, blame,
catch, disappoint, have, rob, close, condemn, obey, choose, pass, work, be, try, give,
have, go down, forget, profit, gain, drink, hang, run, remember, wait, not show up,
break, have, not try, pay, wake
1. All right. We about it any more if I you cry. 2. I shall be a very rich ma when
the old fellow 3. If you yourself scarce, you the worst new year you ever
remembered. 4. What sort of existence he if you him of the fruits of his ambition,
if you the doors of public life against him, if you him to sterile failure? 5. He
all this when he grows up. 6. Oh, well, the deal for a couple of days. 7. If he then
Ill have to do something else. 8. I dont want her to go. It her heart. Im sorry,
but she to. 9. Why you to go to sleep. I you up for the medicine. 10. I a
penny until I am forced. 11. Whatever happens to me I never her. 12. Now, Willie, if
I ever you getting in such a mess as that again I never you anywhere! 13. I
anybody to mock at you and I always you when you in trouble 14. If you to
run away from your father once more I you a good whipping. 15. Rest your at: you
plenty of time to gossip when the sun 16. You your exams successfully if you
hard. 17. I never what I have see. I of it every night till I 18. If you my
mother she me all my life long. Shes always nagging at me. 19. If you orders you

- 44 -

will be perfectly safe. 20. Mr. Brush, if you to leave the room I so the whole
housell be inhere. 21. I shall clear out when I and not a minute before. 22. We know
that it a man little if he the whole world and loses the soul. 23. He himself one
of these days, if he himself to death. 24. Well by God, if theres any publicity I
you out of town.
Exercise 11. Give Georgian equivalents to the following proverbs. Use them in short
situations of your own.
1. If the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch. 2. When the cats away, the
mice will play. 3. If you run after two hares, you will catch neither. 4. Jest with an ass
and he will flap you in the face with his tail. 5. Dont halloo till you are out of the wood.
6. Scratch my back and Ill scratch yours. 7. Tread on a worm and it will turn. 8. If you
swear, you will catch no fish. 9. Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 10.
When rogues fall out, honest men come by their own. 11. None so deaf as those who
will not hear. 12.When the cat is away the mice will pay. 13. Show me a liar and Ill
show you a thief. 14. When a man is going down the hill everyone will give him a push.
Exercise 12. Give Georgian equivalents to the following proverbs. Use them in short
situations of your own.
1. When the heart I afire, some sparks will fly out at the mouth. 2. If you agree to
carry the calf, theyll make you carry the cow. 3. If you throw mud enough, some of it
will stick. 4 Keep a thing seven years and you will find a use for it. 5. When flatterers
meet, the devil goes to dinner. 6. Roll my log and Ill roll yours. 7. A drowning man will
catch at a straw. 8. Dont cross the bridges before you come to them. 9. Dont throw out
your dirty water before you get in fresh. 10. If the sky falls we shall catch larks. 11.
When guns speak it is too late to argue. 12. None so blind as those who will not see. 13.
Take care of the pence ad the pounds will take care of themselves. 14. When a man is
going down the hill everyone will give him a push.

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Exercise 1. Form Participle I from the following verbs.

a) To take, to save, to indicate, to raise, to capture, to arouse, to aspire, to dare, to
bathe, to come, to captivate, to celebrate, to create, to debate, to ease, to elapse, to fir, to
flake, to give, to grease, to heave, to inoculate, to joke, to live, to make, to note, to
organize, to pave, to race, to shave, to waste, to allure, to lecture, to glare, to lure, to
perspire, to ignore.
To be, to agree, to see, to decree, to free, to flee, to knee, to foresee, to de, to toe, to
shoe, to hoe, to fee.
b) To beg, to bet, to bid, to chat, to cut, to dot, to ft, to grip, to gun, to hit, to hem to
put, to plan, to nag, to nod, to rub to begin, to permit, to dim, to forget, to admit, to run,
to stab, to spin, to drop, to sum, to trim, to brim, to knot, to slip, to regret, to commit.
To jar, to stir, to bar, to fur, to refer, to star, to blur, to occur, to demur, to abhor, to
confer.
To post, to stand, to grin, to brand, to herd, to bend, to beam, to bind, to blind, to
blow, to break, to gulp, to send, to blurt, to tend, to gleam, to mean, to eat, to loan, to
read, to creep, to coat, to book, to crat, to groom, to scream, to look, to coin, to proceed,
to repeat.
To open, to listen, to glisten, to fasten, to limit, to profit, to jacket, to liken, to inherit,
to prohibit, to broaden, to moisten, to lighten, to christen, to widen, to whiten, to hasten,
to straighten, to imprison.
To glimmer, to offer, to suffer, to murmur, to differ, to conquer, to clatter, to recover,
to discover, to linger, to lower, to water, to flatter, to alter, to bother, to pour, to offer, to
matter, to mutter, to pester, to mother, to butter, to master, to offer.
To bear, to appear, to spear, to sneer, to fear, to wear, to rear, to disappear.
c) To expel, to conceal, to rebel, to impel, to compel, to control, to cancel, to travel,
to quarrel, to reveal, to revel, to deal to sail, to steal, to kneel, to boil, to broil, to peal, to
level, to patrol to signal, to marvel, to cancel, to propel, to label, to laurel, to initial, to
reel, to peal, to fool, to spoil.
To program, to diagram, to telegram, to worship, to kidnap, to frolic, to kidnap, to
hiccup.
To humbug, to picnic, to traffic, to drug, to lie, to die, to tie.
To dry, to play, to cry, to stay, to delay, to employ, to destroy, to obey, to pay, to

- 46 -

satisfy, to comply, to marry, to obey, to imply, to study, to enjoy, to tidy, to vary, to

betray, to fly, to copy.
Exercise 2. Comment on the use of the Present Continuous in the following
sentences.
1. You are taking a very light tone about it, Sophie. I will speak which ever way
you think most fits the drama, Aunt Constance. 2. I wonder if I could see the new
Rector? Im afraid the Rector is not seeing anybody at present. 3. My darling.
Youre feeling better, arent you? Helen cried. 4. Stop it@ Stop what youre saying!
cried Mr. Southwick, very red in the face. 5. So now, the scene is set and the artisters are
waiting in the wings. 6. Damned glad to see your lordship again. Fine piece of work,
your lordship. Theyre all wanting to shake hands with you, sir. 7. He stepped through
he door and looked about him with interest. What are you doing? 8. Pattie, what are
you talking about? Youre saying mad things. Leave me. Im telling you the truth you
should be grateful. You said you wanted the truth. 9. Do shut up, both of you. Youre
being like those people who are never bored again and we know what a deadly lot those
are. 10. Tell him I will be as usual tomorrow. Of course he knows that, he wont worry,
hes feeling better already. 11. This bluejay, he said, laughing, is still following us. I
wonder if there isnt something I could find to feed him. 12. Youre sailing next week,
arent you? he said. 13. Its odd to think that in England now theyre shivering round
the fire, he said. 14. I know what youre thinking all the time, and youve got to stop it.
15. Naturally, youre trying to protect your client. 16. The San Francisco papers are
carrying a story to the effect that Mr. Moar had embezzled twenty-five thousand dollars
from the Products Refining Company. 17. Pleasant weather we are having, he says.
18. I understand you are seeing the President. Mr. Smith has not yet asked for an
audience. 19. Only sometimes if shes not feeling very well or something she picks on
a thing in a book and says it refers to her, or that its a picture of something we did or
found or something together. 20. Let him learn to box his corner. Thats what Im
always saying to that Rosicrucian there: take exercise. 21. But sometimes you do wear
slacks? Only in the house sometimes. When Im cleaning. I never wear them in the
street. 22. You dont seem to realize the world youre living in, my dear. 23. Its getting
a bit nappy in the morning now, isnt it? Real autumn weather. 24 Its my candid nature.

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Its always betraying me. I hate sham and hypocrisy. Poppycock is foolish as it is. There
is no need to embellish the word. I am saying what runs through my mind, as you do.
25. I never really heard of such a thing. Im just not taking you seriously and I do wish
youd stop talking about it. Youve never given me a good reason. 26. All that Im
asking is a perfectly logical extension of a policy, which has already been established.
27. You are being malicious because my thrust has struck home. 28. Im telling you that
if that man is in trouble every second counts and youre stealing that time from him 29.
Captain D. is taking Flight Two to Rome tonight.
Exercise 3. Comment on the meaning of the italicized forms. Translate the sentences
into Georgian.
1. Im sure Im going to die, she whispered. 2. Mrs. Honeychurch, Im going to do
what I am always supposed to do. 3. And you are going to implore him, to beg him to
keep silence? 4 How are you going to stop him talking about it? 5. I meant, said Cecil
stiffly, that she is going to marry me. 6. Well, Im going to turn in, he said with a
laud yawn. 7. Whats coming in the 1970s, Mel predicted, is going to be worse, far
worse. 8. Nobodys going to break your heart, if it hasnt been done already. 9. But I do
know that you arent going to start shooting. 10. Youre not going to pretend that any
man would behave like that now. 11. Its going to be an important piece of evidence in
more way than one. 12. And when I ask when my daughter is going to be paid I cant
get a civil answer. 13. Look, she said, just because I go to bed with a man isnt to say
Im going to rub shoulders with him. 14. I see that Id better handle the interview
myself if I going to get anywhere. 15. Personally, Im not going to get antagonistic until
I find out a few things. 16. Youre not going to deny that all my life Ive been
hardworking, decent, respectable, and straightforward. 17. But what are you going to
do when you leave England? 18. Have some coffee. Youre not going to rush right off,
are you? 19. Mason said, Were going to go an see the sheriff as soon as we get there.
20. You arent going to be invited. 21. Id drink nitroglycerine tonight. Thats just
about what youre going to get, she promised.
Exercise 4. Use the Present Continuous Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets.

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1.What you (to do) with that? I can sell it for fifty dollars, she said. 2. Miss Brent
and I (to get) you breakfast. Ca you bring some sticks to light the fire? 3. Youre full of
poisons Anybody can see that You (to die). What dont you think about it? 4. You
can just shut up, you (to leave) here in three minutes, the real doctor (to come) and I
dont want you arsing around. 5. That girls a liar. Shes crazy anyway. I (to tell) you
the truth. 6.Why is it so quiet? The police (to wait) for me in there? he asks himself. 7.
A really good astronomer can tell when a comet (to come) too near him by the warning
buzz of the revolving sticks. 8. Gracie (to get private) all of sudden. I dont want a lot
of Peeping Toms lying on my bed watching a 9. Look, Nick, youve been rather a
trial tonight. Do go to bed. I (not to go) to bed. Im lonely. 10. The maid said, The
boy (to wait) outside for the key. 11. Oh, I only (to do) that for the present, and I (to
gain) a great deal of valuable experience. 12. You (to try) to blackmail me? Bolding
asked. Just I (to warn) you, Mason said. 13. You (to put) me in a very difficult
position, Mason, Boding said irritably. 14. Now dry yourself up and Ill talk you back
to Paddington in a taxi I (to go) to the country. You cant stay here. 15. Who you (to
interview) tomorrow or shouldnt I ask? 16. They (to throw) a novelty dinner tonight.
Youll like it. 17. Lie down, lie down. I (to go) to he hospital to get the medicine. 18.
You (to go) to the airport dressed like that? he said incredulously. 19. Here is a
retainer cheque, together with a letter stating that you (to act) as my lawyer. 20. Oh,
Angela, we simply (to die) to know who those absolutely marvelous people are at the
next table to the door. 21. I want to see what he said and what hes done. And want to
know what he (to try) to do. 22. You realize what you (to do), I hope. You (to put) a
halter round Ralph Patons neck as surely as you (to sit) in that chair. 23. Whats the
idea? Damned if I know, unless she (to try) to build up an alibi of some kind. 24. Why
you always (to putter)? 25. I (to have) an exhibition in February. 26. What I do think is
that you (to be) very rude to somebody who s prepared to like you a good deal. 27. Its
the future I (to think) of. Hes so damned idle. 28. I (not to ask) you to cut it out
completely. 29. I dont know what you (to talk) about actually, Arnold. I (to talk)
about alternatives. 30. So scientists (to pin) their hopes on exchanging messages
with alien civilizations, if they exist. 31. I (not to disturb) your work, sir, I hope. 32. I
(to become) old and queer. If Ned comes he will not want me. In the city where he (to
live) men are perpetually young.

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Exercise 5. Use the Present Continuous Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. Rose, please stop moving about. You (to make) me sea-sick. 2. Where you (to
go)? Good morning, sir. I (to take) madames luggage to the nine-thirty train. I (not
to try) to excuse him. Of course it was indiscreet but youre a woman of the world. 3.
Was that Mr. Payson on the phone? He (to come) to the party? 4. What you (to do)
now? I (to prepare) for my seminar. 5. He swam towards her ad, getting out,
addressed her in English. You (to have) a late swim. 6. Whats the devils the matter
with you, Henry, he said. You (to play) like fool. 7. No, dont interrupt me now, Mr.
Mason, because I (to drive) you into a corner by relentless cross-examination. 8. Look,
look, a dog is trying to jump over the fence. 9. You (to bring) someone to the dance
after the play Saturday? Yes. 10. What you (to laugh at), you big hyena? said the
burglar. Wipe that smile off your face r Ill plug you. 11. We (to have) trouble at
the??? Rimini, said Mr. Cridley. The food is really quite inedible, and the smell of
meat is always in the house. It seems Miss Burdock (to lose) her sense of values. 12. I
(to bring) my sister over from America next month to keep house for me. 13. I (to
progress) slowly, Eddied said, looking at the picture of Mary and Jesus over his head.
I am planning for the future. 14. Go and look out of the window! Whom is the dog
barking at? 15. Take Fathers umbrella! Dont you see it (to rain) already? 16. The oldfashioned respect for the young (to die out) fast. 17. In the West of England this evening
hundreds of policemen (to look for) a man who escaped from Princeville Prison early
this morning. 18. We arent here to try anyone for anything. We just (to try) to determine
how Fremont C. Sabin met his death, up in his mountain cabin. 19. Go and look out of
the window! Whom the dog (to bark at)? 20. Youve got to be careful, you know. A lot
of these lounge-lizard fellows going about I just (to warn) you, my dear. I dont like
to see you dong anything unsuitable. 21. The dog which (to sit) between two baskets is
Roombo. 22. Theres a couple of slants to be taken care of first. We (to keep an eye) on
her ad (to wait). 23. You (to do) anything tonight? What about going out on the binge?
No, Im busy. 24. Its my candid nature. It always (to betray) me. 25. As it is, your
furniture (to eat) up your income, and you (to live) like rats in hole, with nowhere to go
to. 26. You (to put) it much too importantly. Theres nothing to be faced. 27. You (not to
go) to bed till youve helped me shift this. 28. I mean just this, said Poirot. Every one
of you in this room (to hide) something from me. Yes, yes, I know what I (to say). 29.

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Well, h said, while you (to wait) for your family may I invite you to join me in a
cocktail? 30. I (to see) a good many churches on my way south. 31. Your chastitys
too well known, darling. You (to be) sarcastic. 32. Mrs. Quest said hastily,
Nonsense, you (to imagine) it, he couldnt have done it.
Exercise 6. Compare and choose the proper form.
1. I not trying / I dont try to split hairs with you! Im telling / I tell you that if that
man is in trouble every second counts / is counting, and youre stealing / you steal that
time form him. 2.Its getting / It gets late. Its such a long drive back to Kyoto. 3. As a
matter of fact Im no here. Youre us seeing / You see things. 4. I am thinking / I think
about it all the time, so if you are to come at all you must come soon. 5. You are looking
/ look much better and I am glad of that because Mr. Brownlow comes / is coming to
see you this morning. 6. Noting destroys / is destroying the quality of life so much as
insomnia. 7. I dont usually do / I am not usually doing this kind of thing. 8. Wherever
she is going / goes, she always takes / is asking that dog of hers. 9. If anyone rings / is
ringing, I dont want / am not wanting to speak to them. 10. The fact that she nurses / is
nursing that man makes / is making it easier for Carl. 11. Now he travels / is tavelling
round the world before he retires / is retiring to some quiet village. 12. The military min
requires / is requiring uniformity and conformity. 13. Children often suffer are suffering
from terrible, illogical fears. 14. A strict schedule make/ is making it impossible for the
tourist to wander off on his own. 15. The trains leave / are leaving and arrive / are
arriving every few minutes. 16. Large modern cities impose / are imposing their own
living conditions on the people who inhabit / are inhibiting them. 17. Traffic fumes
pollute / are polluting the atmosphere. 18. Many women squander / are squandering vast
sums of money each year to replace their clothes. 19. Cities bread / are breeding crime
and violence. 20. Humor helps / is helping us to maintain a correct sense of values. 21.
Human beings oppose / are opposing each other on a great many issues. 22. It is a
quarter past seven. Ann and Pete get up / are getting up. 23. It is seven oclock. The
alarm-clock rings / is ringing. 24. During the day, when he does not talk / is not talking
to his fellow passengers, he sits / is sitting on deck reading or else gazes / is gazing out
to see through an old-fashioned telescope. 25. Why is the boy crying / does the boy
cry? repeated the other man, puzzled. 26. Im so sorry, were being / are inefficient. 27.

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They send / are sending down a chap tonight to vet the stone. 28. Believe me, my heart
is bleeding / bleeds for the unfortunate woman, but I only try / m trying to do my duty.
29. We stood now in the bedroom. What are you looking for? / do you look for?
Blanket. Bottom drawer there. 30. Most university courses last / are lasting three
years. 31. The person who makes / is making the film is the director. 32. I go / am going
skiing I winter. 33. Companies often borrow / are borrowing money from banks to
finance investments. 34. We learn / are learning irregular verbs this week. 35. She
always dives / is driving her car slowly. 36. Where is your son? He plays / is playing
football in the yard. 37. We are speaking / speak of Ralph Paton, she said. 38. It is
stupid, I know, and Im always saying / always say Ill cut most of it out but well, you
know what happens. 39. Youre being / are very foolish. Do you know anything? 40. I
trying / try not to see Eva again, but you know it isnt easy. 41. Hes always coming /
always comes to me for orders; but hes honest, and a glutton for work. 42. The Perfys
are giving / give a dinner and theatre party and Miles wont be here hes flying / flies
to South Bent to see the Notre Dame California game. 43. When the nuns are
receiving / receive the sacrament these curtains are closed.
Exercise 7.Compare and choose the proper form.
1. Well, in the fist place girls never marry / are marrying the men they flirt / are
flirting with. Girls dont think / arent thinking it right. 2. Sam reads / is reading a lot of
books, but he makes / is making very many mistakes. 3. Sometimes when it is very hot I
change / am changing my plans and go / am going for a walk to the forest. 4 If we ever
meet / are meeting again, we dont know / are not knowing each other. 5. I read / am
reading books in the evening. 6. Where is Boris? I look / am looking or him. He has /
is having dinner. 7. She listens / is listening to an Italian song but she does not
understand / is not understanding what it means / is meaning/ 8. The phone rigs / is
ringing. Take the receiver, please. 9. Mary drives /is driving to her office every day. 10.
Dont make so much noise: mother sleeps / is sleeping. 11. I see youre staring / stare at
the handkerchiefs, my dear. Arent there a lot? 12. Whats the matter? Are you
trembling / do you tremble? Im only a little cold. 13. You understand / are
understanding, Sheppard, Im telling / tell you this in confidence. Its to go on further.
14. I wait / am waiting for the evening train. Its late, he said apologetically. 15. Shes

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always teasing / always teases everybody about everything. 16. Is someone coming /
does someone come here tonight? 17. You take my word for it, Mrs. Ramsay, that chain
youre wearing / wear will never be worth a cent less than it is today. 18. What is it?
You hide / are hiding something from me? 19. The sun goes / is going from East to
West. 20. The plane arrives / is arriving in half an hour. 21. It doesnt take / isnt taking
long to get to work. 22. He constantly complain / is complaining about bad service 23.
Your words sound /are sounding encouraging. 24. I rarely bake / am rarely baking
cakes. Only on special occasions. 25. The bell rings / is ringing at eight sharp. 26. The
earth goes / is going round the sun. 27. Maize doesnt grow / isnt growing in Brilain.
28. He arrives / is arriving home early. 29. Ice melts / is melting a 100C. 30. Gretta,
dear, what are you thinking / do you think about? 31. It rains / is raining heavily outside.
32. Ellen reads / is reading book on the veranda. 33. They build / are building a new
school in our street. 34. They quarrel / are quarreling again. 35. His German gets / is
getting better. 36. The rain just begins /is just beginning. 37. You are / are being very
sill, my poor child. 38. You are / are being nice to me. What do you want from me? 39.
Im sorry, Joe. I forget / am forgetting my duties. Ill show you your room. 40. Youve
made little Russia all round you. You live / are living in a dream world.
Exercise 8. Use the Present Continuous or the Present Indefinite Tense instead of the
infinitives in brackets.
1.You (to know) what he (to think)? he said. More or less. 2. Im frightfully
bumped, and I (to believe) my nose (to bleed), said Ruth still more plaintively. 3. I
(not to know) what he (to look for), and I (not to car), she blazed. 4. So bad that he (to
refuse) to dress for dinner. He (to say) that if the boys (not to like) him in a flannel shirt,
he wont come in to dinner at all. 5 If you (to fall) from a high tower, you (to fall)
quicker and quicker and quicker. 6. I didnt hear the words for some time, as is often the
case when you (to read) a book. 7. Now youll see what I (to mea) when I (to say) that a
robber is a beggar that (not to know) hes a beggar. 8. Now stop it. Stop it, I say. You
always (to try to get into a fight. 9. I (to go) to the shore tomorrow to swim off this
weight. 10. If my brother Marcus (to ring up) tell him Im not available. 11. She (to
pass) for twenty-five, is probably around thirty, (to wear) her clothes will and (to have)
plenty of clothes to wear. 12. Mason said, I heard the sound of a shot. An official (to

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tell) me theres a man overboard. That (tom mean) anything to you? 13. Well, where is
Pops? He should be here. The (to send) all passengers back to their staterooms. 14. A
mans overboard. We (to do) everything that can be done. Passengers will simply be in
the way. The purser (to make) a roll call, to find out who (to miss). 15. You to dwell
much in the past, Mr. Sole, Mr. Cridley? Your schoolfellow, my husband, (to do): he
rarely (to leave) it. 16. Please go away. We (to have) a nice time. Were in the part I (to
like) best. 17. You (to know) what judge I (to mean)? The on who always (to peer)
out of hi window and who (to look) like an owl? 18. Geel, whys that? What all the
audience (to applaud) for? I must have missed something. 19. How about coming up to
the room tonight, eh? little talk? Id like to, but I (to leave) this morning for
Oklahoma City. 20. You (to think) he (not to love) me? 21. I (not to matter) what you
(to put on). Find and ordinary evening dress anything will do. Go now, before
anybody else (to come). 22. While you (to wait) for your family may I invite you to join
me in a cocktail? 23. We (not to talk) about making money, we (to talk) bout suspicion.
24. You (no to understand). I (not to leave) the interest here as an account. I (not to
want) it. Just turn it back into the bank. I (not to believe) in interest. 25. How often you
(to take) Sophie with you? 26. He always (to ask) questions like that. I wish I could
remember half of them. 27. I wonder if I could see the Rector for a little minute? Im
afraid the Rector (no to see) anybody at present. 28. In other words, Paul, you (to try)
to talk me out of making a fast play on that wristwatch.
Exercise 9. Use the Present Continuous or the Present Indefinite Tense instead of the
infinitives in brackets.
1. You (to know) damn well I (to know what I (to talk) about. You (not to know)
what you (to talk) about. Go look. 2. You are drunk and I am tire. Please go away.
Go to sleep, child, I (not to disturb) you. Sophie (to read). You (to like) to read? 3. I
(to wait) for you to explain, Nick. I (not to understand). There is no need for you to
understand. I (not to judge) you. I (to know) that theres probably a good
explanation. 4. Whose nephew? Mr. Arnold Jackson. I (not to think) we (to
speak) of the same person, answered Baeman, frigidly. 5. My Dad (to be going) to hit
the roof when he (to hear) I (to play) another girl. I think youre a good sport not to
mend. 6. Well, I always (to give) her things. She either (to break) them or (to lose)

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them or (to forget) where she got them. 7. We (to go) to his peace next year after I to
(finish) school. 8. I just (to want) to ay before you (to go) that they (to make) an awful
row about nothing. I (to gather) that spring (to approach). I am not an observant man,
but as the days (to go) by, the sins (to begin) to multiply, Even for me that (to mean) that
spring is at hand. 10. If (to get) colder, lets sit down by the fireside. 1. The man turned
round and said: What you (to want)? Why you (to follow) me? 12. It is only a few
degrees above zero and it is snowing. 13. You always (to look for) a fine girl? You (to
know): to be the mother of your children? You just (to waste) your time, Herb. It (not
to get) you anywhere to make fun of such things with me. Save your breath, Herb. 14.
There (to come) a time to end everything; like leaving a party when you really (to
enjoy) yourself. And weve had good times here, havent we? 15. Oh, by the way, you
(to know) where your sister (to stay) at the present time in Honolulu? Yes. Would you
like her address? 16. If a husband (to b) notoriously blind to infidelity, I suppose a love
(to have) the opposite fault he (to see) it everywhere. 17. This is Mr. Sluchs latest
book. It (to have) a wonderful sale. 18. I sometimes (to wonder) if she ever (to eat)
anything. Thats why shes got so thin. 19. I (not to believe) a word of it. 20. Willie!
Wheres Willie! Gracious! He (to wander out) alone oh, hurry, look for him.
Something might get him! 21. What a surprise! I couldnt believe it was you. What on
earth you (to do) here? 22. You never (to talk) anything but nonsense. 23. What the
boy (to say) when Mother (to give) him a cup of milk? He (to say): I (not to want)
any! 24. Its not very easy getting dressed for a dance if you (to live) in a caravan. 25.
And what the devil you (to do) anyway? Just paying a call, explained George.
Doing what? I (to pay a formal call at this house. 26. Tell him to go to the office as
soon as he (to come) back. 27. You often (to copy) from a textbook? As often as I
can. It (to improve) my spelling very much. 28. You (to make) tea? Can I have some
with you? Gosh, you (to look) smashing. 29. You (to keep) an eye on him? The
trouble is, Mr. Nox, I cannot cast a wide net. I (not to have) the personnel to watch he
house and our partys movements constantly. 30. Men often (to propose) for practice.
31. I (to know) perfectly well that I (to look) quite plain after my German lesson.
32.There is a great deal to discuss. You see tomorrow he (to leave) for the United States.
33. It (to get) dreadfully late, she said softly. Show me your new drawing and then I
must go home.

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Exercise 10. Ask questions to the following sentences beginning with the words in
brackets.
1. The man is sitting in the armchair. (What? Where?) 2. The boy is running fast
because it is raining. (What? Why?) 3. They are going to Italy for their honeymoon.
(What? Where? What for?) 4. This evening Im staying at my friends for dinner.
(When? Where? What?) 5. She is staying at a hotel. (Who? What? Where?) 6. The
Browns are saving now because they are going to Kobuleti on holiday in a month.
(Why? What? Where?) 7. They are talking about their summer plans. (What? About
what?) 8. She is resigning at the end of September. (What? When?) 9. People are
always sending me funny books to read. (What? What for?) 10. They are cutting the
twigs to make a good fire? (What? Why?) 11. The boys are laughing at the monkey.
(What? At what?) 12. At the moment Im laughing because Im so happy. (What?
Why?) 13. Hes divorcing his wife as he is in love with another woman. (Why? Who?
What?) 14. They are staying in Moscow for week. (How long? Where? What?) 15. I am
seeing my friend on Sunday. (When? Whom? What?) 16. I am putting on my coat
because I am going for a walk. (Why? What?)
Exercise 11. Ask all types of questions to the following sentences.
1 She is wearing sunglasses today. 2. We are listening to a French song. 3. He is
ruining his health by smoking so much. 4. Mother is giving me the money tonight. 5.
They are having lunch in the garden.6. She is constantly thinking of you. 7. He is
sleeping on Nicks sofa until he finds a place of his own. 8. The cat is smelling the fish.
9. They are arguing about trifles. 10. Niko and Ann are getting married in June. 11. My
brother is looking forward to his trip to Italy.12. Julie s doing a lot of exercises. 13. Pete
is getting on well with his English. 14. Mum s feeling his forehead because he may be
running a temperature. 15. Jim is sitting at our table. 16. Mother is seeing doctor this
afternoon. 17. Our furniture is eating up our income. 18. They are having an exhibition
in February. 19. His father is trying to talk sense to him. 20. The man s taking personal
charge of the office.
Exercise 12. Complete the sentences with one of the verbs in the box in the correct

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form of the Present Continuous Tense

talk, measure, look, accuse, consider, ask, set up, happen, have, take, rebuild, be
starve arrange, invent, try, feel, strike, cup up, wait, come, get on, get, pass, make,
borrow, drive, grow
1. The officers particularly secretive about it. 2. He always things when he
thinks it suits him. 3. Oh, its nothing. Its only a little matter that we about for
Thursday. 4. But I I could eat lots and lots oh, dear! 5. What are you going to do?
I over to the other side of the island. Ill start at five. 6. Lockerts my name. I
cocoa down in British Guiana now. Hot there! 7. I not to act hard-boiled. I to act
like a gentleman. 8. I not very well tonight. I think I shall go straight to bed. 9.
What you for? Oh, better living conditions, he said finally. 10. I dont know why
you always me of premeditation. 11. Hes won the war, and he the city. 12. Mrs.
Ellis about her breakfast. And Sadie for orders. Tell Sadie I ! 13. And
money isnt your reason for waiting to do this portrait. You a silly flirtation with Mrs.
Griggs. 14. It was an experience that cannot be explained, although I suppose it always
to men and women in all sorts of places. 15. I for my rights, she said. 16. One
gets more used to death as death approaches. You a lot of foolish poppy-cock. 17.
I accepting that job in your office. 18. We a great time here in London. 19. We
always smell cooking when we your house. 20. He always money but he always
pays me back. 21. Its time we turned on the central heating. It colder every day. 22.
Whats the matter? Why at me like that? 23. Youve only jus started the job, havent
you? How you ? 24. I how wide the room is. 25. You a fuss about nothing. 26.
He much interest in his work.

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Exercise 1. Comment on the use of the Past Continuous Tense in the following
sentences.
1. All the seas of the world tumbled about her heart. He was drawing her into them:
he would drown her. 2. He laughed again and said, What were you saying about
Frederick, Madam? 3. Their tempers were getting frayed. Lena was the peacemaker. 4.
If ever a man found a guinea when he was looking for a pin I was my good friend
Professor Gibberne. 5. He was remembering a certain day over a decade ago in all its
detail. 6. As I was saying, we have to consider hi time as an interregnum. 7. Her senses
were giving way, and she almost tottered. 8. He scarely knew what h was eating, feeling
her beside him alone. 9. I knew you were coming. Mabel told me. 10. Seward thought
that Lincoln was simply indulging himself in the cardplayers bluff. 11. He looked out
of the window sullenly. For once it was not raining. 12. Tryon Welles was returning
when he heard the shot. 13. She wondered what Edward was doing. Was he awaiting the
night as anxiously as she? 14. Quentin was walking slowly along the bank when he saw
a group of peasants looking up at a high tree 15. I was still looking for it when it
became clear that I was doing so, not in Baldock, but in the yard of the Green Man. 16.
In a moment he was talking with the girl he had tried to rescue four years ago. 17. He
was reading his newspaper and did not seem to be thinking about his duty. 18. Is he
dead? Mr. Cotter here has just told us. He was passing by the house. 19. And all the
while she was thinking how to get the money away from Christie. 20. His face was
smiling at me, and I found I was seeing two things at once, not just the cardboard photo
but his actual body. 21. Ramon assured me that he was not now desiring to return to
Europe. 22. My neighbor Len Simkin was always talking about Sammy Samstag. 23.
Id crept back into the house and was sucking my thumb in the same corner. 24. He
walked out to where Della Street was sitting in the car. 25. He wasnt drinking regularly
any more. 26. I think he was meaning to be kind. 27. He was liking me even less for
saying that. 28. The women ha gone back to the buggies and were waiting for their
husbands to come. 29. Chimneys were jus beginning to send out evening smoke and
most of the factory motors had been switched off. 30. His eyes were gravely resting on
her. 31. On another line, Danny Farrow was arguing with the parking lot supervisor. 32.
After a moment, Ruth said brightly: Oh yes! I was quite forgetting about your
business. 33. Mr. Smeeth asked himself if he wasnt behaving like a complete fool. 34.

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He was looking at her with twinkling eyes. 35. Presently I received from her another
letter saying that she was passing through Pars and would like to have a chat with me.
36. He said, Your breakfasts waiting on the table. I said, Jut leave me alone. 37.
She was frightened now the power was leaving her. 38. He had a peculiar way of
looking at you while he was talking.
Exercise 2. Use the Present Continuous Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. He always (to do) something for somebody. 2. Thirteen-year-old Amy, tall, thin
and pale, (to sit) bent forward on the edge of her bed with her cheeks in her hands and
elbows on knees. 3. Oh dear. Oh dear She (to shake), almost as shattered as Donald.
4. Julia now (to look) at the photograph of herself in her wedding dress. 5. The sound of
an authoritative and rather peevish male voice, speaking with a strong Central European
accent, (to come) from my daughters bedroom. 6. Meanwhile the little red figure (to
creep) steadily forward along the slippery narrow cornice. 7. The child (to cry) quietly.
He was pale and the tears (to roll) slowly down his cheeks. 8. The Professor (to stand)
with his back to us, staring morosely out of the window. 9. Well, I do mean to shoot
you, so keep your face shut. Now wheres this money you (to talk) about? 10. Among
the many other passengers was the well-loved patron of that intellectual center, he Hotel
Trianon, who (to return) from a business visit to New York. 11. At the door of the stall a
young lady (to talk) and (to laugh) with two young gentlemen. 12. When we (to make)
the last arrangements on the eve we all were vaguely excited. 13. It was certainly an odd
pair. They (to sit) by themselves at a small table. They were very old. 14. The old man,
holding a pair of tongs, (to do) his best to encourage the biggest possible blaze from a
log fire. 15. This design he now (to hasten) to put into execution. 16. Meanwhile the
month allotted by the Earl to Lord Ronald (to pass) away. 17. a jangling hysterical
old-fashioned bell (to wake) me while I (to dream) God knows why of the Boxer
Rebellion. 18. It was not that he was idle. He always (to do) something, in his
amateurish way. 19. He (to get) hungry? What did she fancy to eat? 20. With each
minute that passed I (to sink) back deeper and deeper into my love for him. 21. He tied
up his horse and sauntered to the bank. A girl (to sit) there. 22. While Oliver (to eat) the
strange boy looked to him from time to time with great attention. 23. Then we heard a
cry. It (to come) from one of the rooms upstairs. 24. Japanese firms (to negotiate) for the

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purchase of grain elevators. 25. Mel observed that a group of new arrivals (to enter) the
terminal. 26. He constantly (to look for) a safe place to store the gold, obsessed with
security. 27. As I opened the door I almost collided wit Miss Russell who just (to come
out). 28. I (to bring) a tray with soda and whisky when Miss Flora, who just (to come)
out of this room, stopped me. 29. Eugene (to get) a little tired of doing the shopping for
the entire household.
Exercise 3. Us the Past Continuous Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. and for the first time since Id met her her mouth (not to glisten) with lipstick.
2. For some reason he (to make) an effort to be agreeable to me. 3. He came into the
room: her heart (to beat) wildly and her hands (to shake); it was lucky that she lay on
the sofa. 4. But one afternoon when she (to walk) home from Harolds she chanced to
meet Walter Fane in the Brompton Road. 5. What Michael (to say) made her so angry
that she recovered her self-control. 6. He would be obliged to show her his will again, to
confirm afresh that he (to leave) her for a thousand pounds. 7. He went into the house
and she (to sit) in their cramped bedroom in front of he looking glass. 8. She had
phenomenal luck. She (to win) all their money. 9. He hoped I (not to begin) to idle. 10.
They wee silent for a while, and then h saw that Isabel (to cry). 11. He thought about
Kitty and Crispin and wondered if this same rain (to drum) on the roof of their caravan.
12. I tried not to find out what (to happen) but you couldnt avoid it. 13. the
constables, confronted with this extraordinary tragedy, (to cast) anxious glance towards
the main entrance. 14. Even whilst Saunders and the other men (to look) through the
belongings of the deceased, Lady Molly had already thought of his family. 15. The
following morning telegram (to wait) for him at his office. 16. Advancing upon them
was a silver-haired clergyman. He (t carry) in his arms a square wooden box. 17. In the
detective squadroom of the 87th Precinct, the boys (to swap) reminiscences about their
patrolman days. 18. The doctor still (to unwind) his silk scarf; e (to look) round for
somewhere to hand it in a puzzled sort of way. 19. Ten minutes later Vicky and Emma
(to stand) in front of Staceys Disco. 20. When he grew up black, she always (to vow)
she would never speak to him again. 21. I had time now to notice whether we (to attract)
my attention. 22. Her letters were on the letters and she saw that his hands (to tremble).
23. The ladies had left the room and the port (o circulate). 24. Outside, the rain still (to

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beat) down heavily. 25. I did not know whether I (to stand) on my head or my heels. 26.
While these events (to happen) in the workhouse, the Artful Dodger and Charley Bates
(to play) cards in Fagins Rouse. 27. Mrs. Corney hurried back to her room, where Mr.
Bumble still (to admire) her furniture and (to count) her silver teaspoons. 28. I still (to
think) of it when I came face to face with Roger Ackroyd. 29. The doorbell rang when I
(to watch) TV. 30. The people among whom he (to stroll) were so blankly indifferent to
him. 31. What they (to talk) about? What was the play about? 32. What, actually, she (to
think), he id not know.
Exercise 4. Finish the following sentences by using the verb-predicate in the Past
Continuous Tense.
1. I didnt want to tell you about what I 2. It was possible to see his hair clearly,
for he 3. I wanted to ask you about that book you 4. Europe was lovely, but it was
dead. Living in Europe, you 5. Winter made the necessary arrangements and after
dinner we went down to the waterfront. The ships boat 6. Before she could say
anything I went past her and over to Joyce, who 7. When I entered the room, he fire
8. William, who was a tall lad for his years, but very sensitive, had gone pale and
9. Mason made no reply. He 10. At that moment he looked up and saw Oliver who
11. After dine I tied to make my way to the sofa on which Jane 12. I returned to
the boat and sat again on the deck to watch the sailors, who 13. In the depths of an
Arctic wilderness, three modern-day hunters 14. There was nobody in the room
except Fagin. He 15. When he looked up he saw a stranger who 16. I am sure
Parker listened at the door when we 17. Dodger put his hand into the old gentlemans
pocket while he 18. Was Celinda present when you ? 19. When he came into the
room, his wife 20. Jimmy saw that Lily was pale and that her lips 21. When Della
Street brought him Jacksons reply, Mason 22. Yore in time to answer a question. We
23. The room was half filled with people. Some , some , some and a few
24. Julia gave her a glance and saw that she 25. I gave him the note and explained
that I 26. She could have been seventy, eighty. Her eyes 27. They were real street
toughs who 28. Like a king on his throne Ichabod 29. When he woe it was late
morning. Fagin was the only other person.

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Exercise 5. Finish the following sentences by using the verb-predicate in the Pas
Continuous Tense.
1 When Flora Ackroyd came into the room I 2. I met a man this evening just as I
3. I looked at Ackroyd. He 4. The sea turned almost black. The wind 5. When
we reached the little promontory where the Folly stood, I 6. Anyway, did you see
anyone like that as you ? 7. In the middle distance, beyond the crops, a man hunched
up on a tractor 8. She could not let this pass, for it was just what she 9. I went
down in the lift and along the foyer to the hotels informal restaurant. He 10. I tried
to tell you no lies when you 1. The Rolls had slowed to a halt and the driver 12.
When Drakes second message came they 13. The passenger had laid his briefcase
on the counter in front of him. Gently, but pointedly, he 14. One day at the hotel,
passing through the bar, he saw that old Brevald 15. Probably I was assumed that she
and Mel 16. Caroline led the way into our small sitting-room, and I followed. Flora
17. Ten minutes later I 18. All three of them scampered upstairs without thinking
what they 19. As they came in the new arrivals 20. I had to stop at almost every
shop, so my round 21. He flashed two lanterns from the tower of the Old North
Church and saw that the soldiers 22. Mary came to the door while he 23. About
an hour later the farmer went to the yard. Jack 24. I love you, I said, Ive always
loved you. Thats what I 25. She tapped lightly at his door and entered while he
26. He looked at the girl. She 27. Naomi tried to listen to echoes. Arnold 28.
Jimmy dreamed that he 29. He had a fine constitution, once on the mend, he went
straightforward to recovery. Soon he 30. There was a knock at the door. It opened,
and Mel Bakersfield leaned in. He 31. I very nearly took a bad toss on the stairs just
now when I 32. He accidentally bumped into a tall man in black coming out as he
Exercise 6. Supply the Past Continuous form of the verbs in the box.
joke, (not) steal, borrow, flash, carry on, live, earn, brig, break, eat, await lose,
tremble, happen, be, complain, lose, sail, make, climb, wonder, feel, see die, set, leave,
fret, return, conceal, wear, think, sing, run
1. I laughed. I thought she , but it appeared it was no joke. 2. You knew it was

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stealing to take that gun. I it, I it. 3. There him in his cabin a wireless from
Tub Pearson. 4. Muriel sat down on the bed. She sick with apprehension and
excitement. 5. At a time when most girl the world through rose-tinted spectacles, she
was embittered and disillusioned. 6. The captain and she meant to get away with all
she could lay hands on. 7. It was clear that he was very ill, he weight quickly, and his
chubby face was pale and drawn. 8. By the end of the month we were on a ship that
for America. 9. He had an uneasy feeling that she something from him. 10. His eyes
now and his face was lit up. 11. He believed that Ethel with one of the white men.
12. At first, when I went down, he but not conscious. There was no hope. 13. The
fact that she more and more money than her husband seemed to her at that tie a
simple proof that he did not want to work. 14. Karl always me flowers. So I bought a
vase one day. 15. Poor fellow. He a rule. He meat on Friday. 16. Molly the new
evening dress of which she had spoken so feelingly to her father. 17. Do I look
uncomfortable? I how hard it is to be young. 18. He blushed scarlet, for it struck him
Jackson a fool of him; and then he felt absurd. 19. In a moment he over the
mountain of ruble with which this part of the forecourt was filled. 20. That isnt what
Im interested in. I if your time was your own. 21. The tears still streamed down her
pale little face, and he saw that she quickly control of herself. 22. Te girl with fear
and could not speak. 23. In spite of his wifes entreaties Sir Hercules prepared to go and
see what 24 Look, I said, pointing to the west. The sun , going down like a
battleship. 25. Old Pancho came upon him as he the tool shed. 26. He now fro a
commission of inquiry in Malaya. 27. She always and , and her little face grew
discontented and secretive. 28. But Ruth brave, haughty and queen-like, and for this
precise truth must sometimes be abandoned. 29. Several card games were in progress,
and in one corner an excitable young man an interminable ballad. 30. As the guard
arrived on the scene comparatively early, the murderer must have got out while the train
at fair speed.
Exercise 7. Supply the Past Continuous form of the verbs in the box.
wipe, chime, walk, button, count, ring, demand, pray, shine, lie, earn, live, sleep,
mount, feel, see, talk, examine, set out, start, brighten, wear, light, grow, begin, break,
wait, hear, think, come, court, lodge, have, lie, fall

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1. Susan had just taken of her make up and the remaining cream from her face. 2.
The church clock as I out of the gate. 3. And now in the dark his temperature
fast. 4. The gloom he gave way to frolic. 5. Guy his mother, so he gave me lift
home. 6. He had shut the drawer and a cigarette when she returned. 7. It dark and
the scene that lay before him was lovely. 8. The beer to take hold of me; I realized
that Id had seven pints without noticing it. 9. Dawn just as they climbed into their
boat and pushed off from the bank. 10. Mr. Ivors, who had put on her hat and her
cloak, would not stay. 11. Before a curtain over which the words Caf Chantan were
written in colored lamps, two men money on a salver. 12. They excitedly and a
revolver which Randy had picked up from the floor. 13. I was told to my utter
amazement that Miss Cusack had arrived and to see me with great impatience. 14. I
admit I was scared I was afraid Id be attacked. In the street, I forever footsteps
behind, especially if I was out at night. 15. Well, I just it was a good title. 6 Inspector
Ragland had just turned the corner of the house, and towards us. 17. The telephone
. at the same time as the nurse and baby loudly entrance, having returned from
their walk. 18. People knew that they , and, when he sang about the lass that loves a
sailor, she always felt pleasantly confused. 19. How well she remembered the first time
she saw him; he in a house on the main road where she used to visit. 20. They heard
Davidsons voice. It went on with a monotonous, earnest insistence. He for the soul
of Miss Thompson. 21. She told him she had been to so-and-sos. But he knew she
She was in her best clothes; her eyes , and she looked lovely. 22. It was twenty years
ago and I in Paris. I had a tiny apartment in the Latin Quarters overlooking a
cemetery and I barely enough money to keep body and soul together. 23. I went
softly into the bedroom. Priscilla high up on her pillows, her mouth open. 24. He
arrived just as he younger members of the family to attend a church social. 25. At the
entrance to the parking lot, he looked up and frowned at the sky. It to rain lightly. 26.
A little daylight remained and the moon I could see him clearly. He a riding coat
with a fur collar. 27. I wonder if you hear that odious rumor about Carel that he a
love affair with that colored servant. 28. She told me that Mrs. Farquhar like a log
and there was no point in coming to see her. 29. With abstracted gaze Davidson looked
out into the night. The rain again.

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Exercise 8. Supply the Past Continuous form of the verbs in the box.
wear, have, wash, give, lie, approach, do, blow, beat, go, fly, get, push, go off, run
out, smile, wait, grow, scrutinize, shine, listen, soak, finish, read, unlock, clean, change,
stream, dry suffer, waste away, return, look for, make
1. I did not see his eyes. He thick glasses. 2. Next morning while she her
breakfast Michael came into Julias room. 3. She dishes by the light of a kerosene
lamp. 4. It already dark when we entered the courtyard of the old college. 5. A large,
heavy man before him a barrow full of pansies. 6. Young Sam was afraid h his
lead. 7. Her time , but she continued to sit by the window, leaning her head against
the window curtain. 8. The fancy came to me that the old priest as he there I the
coffin. 9. Roberta already at the corner when Brush arrived. It colder. 10. Eric
Masters an antique pistol when the phone rang in his shop. 11. One evening, when I
for dinner, there was a knock at my bedroom door. 12. To his surprise he saw that her
eyes with tears. 13. It was now the sweetest hour of the twenty-four. Sunset way
to moonrise. 14. He glanced back over his shoulder. An open car with a single occupant
15. Her left hand was extended and I saw that he a kite. 16. His cell made was a
little man called Peeler Mardo. He twenty-seven months for splitting twenty-five
dollars. 17. A cod wind across the empty cornfields when I reached the posting
station. 18. I up the slope calmly but my heart quickly with fear that he would
seize me by the ankles. 19. Lawson was uneasily conscious that the Norwegian him
with sly blue eyes. 20. When she looked at herself in the glass her eyes 21. Ah Jen
paused. I lighted my pipe afresh and nodded to him to show that I 22. He went
upstairs and had a bath. While he in the bath, Amanda returned. 23. Queenies tears
already. A giggle began to appear. 24. He no pain, but merely grew every day
weaker and more languid. He 25. They hoe, tired and miserable, when the saw a
beggar, sitting on the roadside. 26. You see, just as we dinner, a bellboy handed him
a note. 29. So then I told him that Celinda Dail for an opportunity to expose Belle
and that him furious. 27. Joseph came to my office after breakfast, when I Mr.
Smiths article. 28. Mrs. Davidson came into the room as she a portmanteau.
Exercise 9. Underline the correct tense, Past Indefinite or Past Continuous.

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1. I met / was meeting a man this evening just as I turned / was turning out of the
gate. 2. I still thought / was still thinking of it when I came / was coming face to face
with Roger Ackroyd. 3. Her brow still bled / was still bleeding. Presently Morel got up /
was getting up and came / was coming craning his neck towards her. 4. I still bent / was
still bending over the open silver tale when Flora Ackroyd came / was coming into the
room. 5. Then her thoughts turned / were turning to William. Already he got / was
getting a big boy. 6. I just came back / was just coming back through the wood when I
heard / was having voices. 7. I bumped / was bumping into June when I ran / was
running along the long corridor into the Treasurers. 8. One night during the campaign
the preacher gave / was giving one of his hellfire sermons in a church when Mr. Lincoln
walked in / was walking in, and sat / was sitting in the back. 9. Mrs. Thompson rolled /
was rolling some pastry when I went / was gong downstairs. 10. Did you hear / Were
you hearing what I played / was playing, Jane? 11. While we talked / were talking, a
scholarly-looking man in a cap and gown walked past / was walking past and smiled /
was smiling at John. 12. One afternoon, when he sat / was sitting in the hotel by
himself, moodily, Chaplin came in / was coming in and sat down / was sitting down
beside him. 13. He still stood / was still standing at the window when the back door
opened / was opening. 14. When we travelled / were travelling about the city we saw /
were seeing that the street traffic of London was very heavy. 15. Old Cotter sat / was
sitting at the fire, smoking, when I came / was coming downstairs to super. 16. When he
came back / was coming back to the table, his hands trembled / were trembling. He sat
down / was sitting down heavily and stared / was staring into space. 17. While we
waited / were waiting here for Donald I had / was having a telephone call. 18. She
went / was going into the kitchen. Kling rose / was rising from where he sat / was sitting
ad walked / was walking to the television set. 19. He studied / was studying the photo
when Mg came / was coming into the room. 20. While they still talked / were still
talking, Bold returned / was returning and Eleanor was forced to take action. 21. She
went up / was going up to the drawing-room. She painted / was painting her lips when
Michael joined / was joining her. 22. The bar seemed to him to be full of people and he
felt / was feeling that the people observed were observing him curiously. 23. Julia was
silent. She looked /was looking deeply concerned, but he heart beat / was beating with
exultation.

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Exercise 10. Use the Past Continuous or the Past Indefinite Tense instead of the
infinitives in brackets.
1. They (to think) he (to die). And when they (to leave) him he (to be afraid). 2.
when in the morning he (to survey) himself in the glass he (to think) he (not to look)
quite the thing. 3. Brush (to blaze) with energy and vigor. He (to hurl) Louie into a
corner and (to restore) Queenie to her feet 4. Suddenly he was conscious that someone
(to move) about the room. Then he (to remember). He (o see) that it (to be) his little
friend, and he (to be) o the point of speaking when something in the way she (to
behave) (to step) him. 5. He (to pay) his bill and (to step) into the car that (to wait) to
take him to the aerodrome on the other side of Cannes. 6. The staring (not to seem) to
incommodate the old lady when she (to feel) certain persons (to look) at her she (to ;
2raise) her eyebrows archly (to smile) and (to roll) her eyes. 7. But when Nicky (to
leave) his companion (to stroll) back to one of the tables where they (to play) roulette. 8.
They (to stay up) talking and laughing till three in the morning, and when Tom (to say)
good night to her his eyes (to shine), but whether from love or champagne she (not to
know). 9. He (to se) Ethel in the water floating on her back. Her hair (to stream) out all
round her, ad she (to hold) in her hand a large hibiscus. He (to stop) a moment to admire
her. 10. At the sleeping-car attendants box, just inside the last of those doors, too car
attendants (to talk) together. 11. When I (to get) to Kathys hose he (to pack) is things,
and (to leave) a while later in a taxi without saying a word. 12. From the playroom (to
come) the sound of the television which Miranda (to watch). 13. Mason (to recline) in
his stateroom reading a book when Della Street (to bring) him Jacksons reply late that
afternoon. 14. He (to lean) over, and picking up the briefcase that (to lie) between
Brushs feet, he (to throw) it out of the open window. 15. While I (to change) into dry
clothes, he postmaster (to call out), Dunya! Bring us some tea! 16. When the
invitation (to come) it (to make) him sure that he (to get) somewhere. 17. but all of a
sudden she (to pluck) a rose from her bosom, and (to press) it in with her letter when I
(to groan) aloud. 18. She (to glance) at him cautiously, for it was not always easy to tell
when John (to e) serious. 19. His elder son Sam (to stand) nearby, watching his little
sister with great interest. The boy (not to see) his father who (to peep) from around the
corner of the house. 20. I suddenly (t become) conscious that someone (to look) at me.

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When our eyes (to meet), I (to feel) that I (to grow) pale. 21. As Roberts (to snore),
Brush (to nod off) again. When he (to awake) Robert (to look) at him. Without saying a
word Roberts (to Pick up) the blanket and (to start off). 22. The young officer (to
prepare) to leave when he suddenly (to fall) over. 23. Its a love story very simple and
sweet, yet wonderfully charming My wife (to read) it aloud only last night. 24. The
noise in the car (to rise) to a roar. Brush (to go) down the aisle and (to enter) the toilet.
He (to tremble). 25. The paths (to glimmer) white, with dark patches where tufty rock
plants (to grow) between the stones. 26. When I (to go in)_ e (to sit) with his arms
folded on the table. 27. Two nurses she (to know) (to wait) in the hall of Mrs. Hixsons
Agency. 28. In a moment Julie (to cry) in her arms as she (to search) for he cut, faint,
disparaging evidences of which appeared on Julies dress. 29. Mason, dining with Della
Street (to look) across to where Carl Newberry and his wife and daughter (to entertain)
Roy Hungerford. 30. I (not to have) anything else to do but think this while I (to wait)
for her to speak. 31. Good God, r. Holmes do you mean to tell me that all the time I (to
talk) to Banister we (to have) the criminal in my bedroom. 32. The purser says he (to
do) some bookwork and when he (to look) up the note (to lie) o the glass shelf in front
of his window 33. He was about to whence the conversation to another channel when
Michela and Randy (to enter) from the hall; Randy (to laugh) and Michela (to smile).
34. While the servants (to help) the Countess into her carriage, Herman (to give) the
letter to Lizavyeta and (to walk) quickly away. 35. When you (to throw) away money
we (to live) along watching every ten francs. 36. I (to hide) that picture in my suitcase
whenever I (not t work) on it. 37. That night Ashurst hardly (to sleep) at all. He (to
think, to toss, to turn).
Exercise 11. Use the Past Continuous or the Past Simple Tense instead of the
infinitives in brackets.
1. My father (to avoid) crossing y mother, but he patently (to disapprove) of her
worldliness and (to detest) the social scene into which she and Priscilla constantly (to
attempt) to penetrate. 2. Old Cotter (to look) a me for a while. I (to fee) that his little
black eyes (to examine) me, but I would not satisfy him by looking up from my plate. 3.
She (to have) large bold eye and they (to dart) eagerly from table to table. She (to take)
everything in, and every other minute (to call) the old mans attention to someone or

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other. 4. He (to leave) to the last a group of men who (to sit) in the corner of the room.
5. On the last flight of stairs he (to pass) Jack Mooney, who (to come) up from the
pantry nursing two bottles of Bass. 6. Oh, Ethel, forgive me. Im so awfully ashamed
of myself. I (not to know) what I (to do). 7. Miller (to look) at him for a moment. The
little man (to be) all white. He actually (to tremble). 8. The hotel continually (to lose)
patronage because of is shabbiness and she (to think) of herself as also shabby. 9. He (to
drive) past her house with its waiting crowd, and (to stop) in another street nearby,
where the lively late-night life of Rome still (to flow). 10. Madame Philpot and I (to
follow) them up the drive. The Dupont (to sit) on the verandah with the little boy, and
all three (to eat) vanilla ices with chocolate sauce. Their top-hats (to stand) beside them
like expensive ash-trays. 11. But when she (to start) he (to come) to the station with her.
As she (to get) into the carriage he (to take) her hand and (to pat) it. 12. After another
pause he (to creep) softly to the chair on which his clothes (to lie). 13. But now she (to
see) that one of the nurses (to weep), and at last (to come) round again to the conclusion
that these people (to try) to console her. 14. Why you (to do) at my door when I (to see)
you last night? 15. The silver moon (to look) through the window and (to see) the little
boy. He (to be) fast asleep though his lips (to move) and he (to smile) in his sleep. 16.
Jimmy (to lie) very still, looking at the doctor without winking. A strange thought (to
cross) his mind. 17. We (to walk) past the house when the old woman (to come) out of
her house wit a shopping bag. 18. When Julia (to get) home the masseuse already (to
wait) for her. Mrs. Phillips and Evie (to have) a chat. 19. Jimmy (to begin) to cop the
text without paying any attention to what the teacher (to dictate). 20. She (to look) at the
baby by her side. He now (to sleep). 21. Even before he (to meet) you Bill never (to
give) me a second glance. He all the time (to organize) teams, planning Mountain Club
outings. 22. Jik and Sarah, when I (to rejoin) them, (to argue) about their fancies for the
Victoria Derby, next race on the card. 23. As the Major slowly (to walk) along a narrow
empty street, he suddenly (to see) a most pleasant sight. A large, heavy man (to push)
before him a barrow full of pansies. 24.You know, Tom, when I (to know) that you (to
come) north this weekend, I wished that you werent. 25 Through the glass Jones could
see that the compartment (to contain) four men. Two (to lean) out of the window on the
opposite side, and two (to fumble) at the latch of the corridor door. 26. He (to say) he (to
know) she (to lie) from the minute she (to open) her eyes, and he (to begin) wondering
why. 27. It (to rain) when (to leave). 28. She (to pear) at it short-sightedly, because with

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her evening gown, she (not to wear) her glasses. 29. A group of four, two men, two
women, (to stand) chatting with half-filled glasses held close to their chests, and two
women in furs (to complain) loudly of the cold. 30. Where he (to get) the money on
which he to travel? 31. For the moment she (not to think) o Tom, she (to be) so
disturbed of what Roger (to say). 32. He (to stand) by her side looking with fascinated
gaze at the china knob. They (not to speak). Then he (to see) that she (to cry).
Exercise 12. Use the Past Continuous or the Past Indefinite Tense instead of the
infinitives in brackets.
1. He (to go) on and on and soon he (to see) that the night (to come) on. He (to
become) frightened and the fear (to make) him hurry faster. 2. In the evenings he still to
go on) with his drawing for an hour or two; but for three or four evenings he (not to ask)
anyone to look at what he (to do). 3. I (to be surprised) when you (to say) he (t come) to
dinner. 4. She (to decide) to let Mrs. Hay know what (to happen) without making any
direct accusations against Susan. 5. Theres a coffee shop just down the hall. I (to see) it
when I (to try) to catch that young man. 6. She (to smile) at hi, but he (to know) that she
(to understand). 7. The Chief (to bow) to her in quite a foreign fashion, and in spite of
her visible reassurance she (to eye) him very intently. 8. You (to meet) anyone while
you (to o) to your cabin? I dont remember. 9 We (to come) to the Munnings they
have here and while we (to look) at it we just (to drift) into conversation with a
woman near us. 10. When eventually we (to reach) the saloon a program (to lie) on
every chair. 11. I (to meet) Mark on the Calais-Dover boat, when he (to return) from a
holiday abroad. 12 I (to see) you drive up and (to think) maybe that was the bus I (to
look) for. 13. She (to know) what she (to do) all right, dusting the mirror and polishing
the pictures for her sucky lad. 14. As they (to open) the door, Mrs. Newberry suddenly
(to give) a gasp of dismay. 15. They (to stroll) the promenade deck when Drakes
second message (to come). 16. By the time he (to recover) she (to get) on into her
twenties. 17. I (to go up) on deck with my husband. I (to want) to talk with him and he
(to try) to avoid me. 18. Public speakers (to have) the illusion that they (to address)
most of the population of the United States. 19. He (to wait) for her when she (to let)
herself into their apartment. 20. Tell me, what you really (to do), waiting by the statue?
21. Inside I nearly fell over Rachel who (to sit) on the floor. She (to moan) softly now.

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22. I (to go) out into the hall where Marigold (to kneel), surrounded by an ocean of
silks. 23. I (to run) into the sitting-room and (to be) surprised to see a girl there. She (to
examine) the little bronzes in the lacquered display cabinet. 24 Neither of them (to
speak), but she (to know) what he (to suspect). She (to make) her preparations t leave
the ship. He (to look) at her mockingly. 25. Winter (to seem) to know more than half the
company, and when we (to make) our way to the bar a little fat man in spectacles, who
(to stand) by himself, (to offer) him a drink. 26. When I (to go in), the saloon as fairly
full. A group of business men (to stand) together at the bar, discussing affairs, and in a
corner two Kanakas (to drink). Two or three men (to shake) dice. 27. He (to step) into
the smoking compartment of the Pullman, when I (to sit) alone. 28. The door bell (to
ring) again. I (to open) it. Arnold, Rachel, and Julian (to stand) outside the door. 29.
When I (to reach) my flat Francis Mailoe (to wait) outside the door. 30. She (to glare) at
me, (to pull) her wrists out of my grasp, and (to turn) back to Jik, who (to rock) around
in agony. Also, being Jik, he (to exercise) his tongue. 31. She (to call) out cheerily to
them as she (to g) by, ad a couple of American sailors who (to stand) there (to grin) as
the ladies (to set) their faces to an icy stare. 32. Horn (to lead) him to her room. She (to
sit) in a chair idle, neither reading nor sewing, staring in front of her. 33. The doctor and
nurses who (to escort) her, (to begin) to speak rapidly, consoling her, and so much that
she (to think) they (to try) to probe her feelings.
Exercise 13. Ask questions to the following sentences beginning with the words in
brackets.
1. It was growing dark outside when she came into the office. (When Where?) He
was always doing something, always working down at Crockham. (What? Where?) 3. A
lot of people were saying she had been a confirmed drug-taker for years. (What? Who?)
4. You were staying with Mr. Ackroyd a year ago last May. (When? With whom?
What?) 5. Flora was sitting on the sofa by the widow. (When? Where? What?) 6. Ann
was wearing a coat as it was cold. (Why? What? Who?) 7. The train was pulling in
when we appeared on the platform. (When? What?) 8. I was repairing the car when the
telephone rang. (What? When? Who?) 9. My son was playing football when I called
him home. (What? When?) 10. By the time we arrived home my father was washing his
car. (What? When? Who?) 11. Jane was tidying the flat while her sister was washing the

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windows. (What? Who? When?) 12. They were flying over the Atlantic Ocean when the
plane crashed. (Where? What?) 13. She was skating on the ice-rink when she slipped.
(When? What?) 14. Little Kitty was crying because her mother was not at home. (Why?
What? Who?) 15. I didnt hear the knock because I was having a bath. (Why? What?)
16. Kate was working on the computer when I came home. (What? Where? When?) 17.
From 5 till 8 yesterday he was studying at the library. (When? Where? What?) 18. She
was waiting for the bus when I caught sigh of her. (What? What for?) 19. I was
swimming in the river when it started raining. (What? Where?) 20. The children were
smoking in the garden when the teacher noticed them. (What? Where?) 21. She was
hurrying to the Institute as only ten minutes were left before the beginning of the
lecture. 22. He was regarding us with open eyes. (How? What? Who? Whom?) 23. That
chap was making thousands a year. (How much? What? Who?) 24. He was looking for
something in the dark. (What for? What?) 25. The travellers were eating breakfast
hungrily.
Exercise 14. Ask all type of questions to the following sentences.
1. They were talking in quite a friendly manner. 2. The radio was cheerfully
forecasting a noon temperature of thirty-nine. 3. He was trebling like a jelly. 4. H was
staring at the same patch of carpet. 5. Men were shouting at one another across the
narrow table. 6. I was standing in a far corner near the door of the agency, painfully shy.
7. We were talking about old times. 8. An army of young men and women were still
washing the dishes of the week0-end crowd. 9. The cops were looking for a guy with
glasses and blonde hair. 10. I was listening with amusement to the gossip of the island.
11. The gray-eyed girl was working beside Brush. 12. I was expecting her to call again
the following week. 13. She was wondering if the men were still drinking punch back in
the dining-room. 14. She was getting into the car. 15. He was preparing his way of
retreat. 16. She was thinking about Eugenes suggestion. 17. I was sitting one evening
on the first floor of the hotel on a veranda. 18. Ann was smiling in that curious way. 19.
She was laughing at Kens daft story. 20. The men were having a whisky before turning
in. 2. You were asking why this lady returned to Water Poole. 22. She was forgetting
that she was on board a ship. 23. Life was always catching up with her. 24. Mrs.
Kearney was speaking animatedly to her husband. 25. My neighbors were regarding me

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with a strange expression.

Exercise 15. Translate the sentences into English.
1. a) maT yava diliT dalies da Cai saRamos.
b) isini yavas svamdnen da Zvel Dros ixsenebdnen.
2. a) is oTaxidan usityvod gavida.
b) is oTaxidan gadioda, rodesac viRacam karebze dareka.
3. a) leqcia 9 saaTze iwyeboda, ase rom wasvlis dro iyo.
b) leqcia es-es aris iwyeboda, rodesac institutSi mivedi.
4. a) man fanjara gaaRo, radganviRaca ezodan eZaxoda.
b) mas viRacam dauZaxa ezodan da fanjara gaaRo.
5. a) mas xelSi wigni eWira, mgram ar kiTxulobda, raRacaze fiqrobda.
b) man wigni xelSi aiRo da pirveli gverdi wikiTxa.
6. a) me raRac xmauri momesma da derefanSi gavixede.
b) me fanjridan viyurebdi, rodesac is ubeduri SemTxveva moxda.
7. a) I Jurnls ar kTxulobda. mxolod aTvalierebda, rodesac mas Sevxede.
b) man Jurnali daaTvaliera da me gadmomca.
8. a) dedam nikos ramdenime jer gaumeora SekiTxva magram man ver
gaigona, radgan televizors uyurebda.
b) Sen televizors uyure guSin? ra filmi naxe?
9. a) me dauCeke bobis ori dRis win, magram is saxlSi ar iyo.
sportdarbazSi vrjiSobda.
b) me mas orjer gaugzavne Setyobineba gasul kviras da arc erTxel ar
mipasuxa.
10.

a) mas Weqa-quxili ar gaugonia wuxel, radgan Rrmad eZia.

b) Tumca Zlier quxd wuxel, mas uceb CaeZina, radgan Zalian daRlili
iyo.

11.

a) Sen kviras fexburTis matCze waxvedi? ara, saxlSi davrCi.

TamaSs televizori vuyure.
b) me fexburTis matCze mivdiodi, rodesac quCis kuTxeSi megbrebi
vnaxe. isini petres elodnebodnen.

12.

a) fanjara Ria iyo da mercxali oTaxSi Semofrinda.

- 73 -

b)

rodesac

ezoSi

gavedi,

mze

anaTebda,

mercxlebi

haerSi

dafrinavdnen da mRerodnen.
13.

a) dedam bavSvi xelSi aiyvana, rodesac quCaSi gadadioda.

b) dedam quCa gadaWra da marjvniv mouxvia.

14.

a) nikom uCurCula raRac anas yurSi da orivem gaicina.

b) niko da ana raRacaze laprakobdnen da icinodnen.

15. lai hianinoze ukravda, ramdenime wyvili cekvavda, danarCenebi ki

usmendnen.
b) wveulebaze lalim hianinoze daukra da ori simRerac imRera.
16.

a) rodesac kari gamovaRe, is raRacas werda da Tavic ar uwevia.

b) man werili dawera, konvertSi Cado da Tavis das sTxova,
gaagzavneo.

17.

a)

sanam

leqtoriniutonis

kanoni

uxsnida

studentebs,

levani

anasTan Sexvedraze ocnebobda.

b) leqtorma gasul kviras niutonis kanoni agvixsna.
18.

a) me fanjarasTan videqi da gareT viyurebdi. ezoSi bavSvebi

darbodnen da fexburTs TamaSobdnen.
b) me fanjarasTan mivedi da gareT gavixede.

19.

a) rodesac oTaxSi Sevedi, iq bneloda da Suqi avanTe (CavrTe

?).

b) me oTaxSi Suqs vanTebdi, rodesac viRacam mklavSi xeli Camavlo.

20.

a) rodesac anasTan rogorc iqna saxlSi mivedi, is saxlidan gadioda,

sadac miiCqaroda da mxolod ramdenime stiyvis Tqma movaswari.
b) ana saxlidan gavida, taqsi gaaCera da Cajda. taqsi raRaca
mimarTulebiT gaqanda.

21.

a) rodesac gareT gavediT, WiSkarTan nikos manqana idga da Cven

gvelodeboda.
b) ratom ar damelode guSin? me Senze gabrazebuli var.

22.

a) is mudam sicives uCioda.

b) mas tkbili cxovreba ar hqonda, magr beds mainc ar uCioda.

23.

a) mze Cadioda, rodesac eqskursiidan davbrundiT.

b) bneloda da Cven naTura avanTeT.

24.

a) mas gaeRviZa swored maSin, rodesac oTaxSi Svdiod.

b) oTaxSi Sevedi. mas gamoeRviZa.

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25.

a) restoranSi rom Sevedi, yvea magida dakavebuli iyo da mivujeqi

erT magidas, sadac erTi qalbatoni sadilobda.
b) is restoranSi Sevida, amoarCia erTi magida da miujda.

26.

a) is dilidan saRamomde muSaobda. sul raRacas akeTebda werda

an kiTxulobda.
b) radgan SabaTi iyo, bavSvebma guSin araferi ar gaukeTebiaT, arc
savarjiSo daweres da arc gakveTii waikiTxes.

27.

a) guSin mTeli dRe wvimda da bavSv ezoSi ver gaviyvane.

b) guSin, rogorc iqna, iwvima.

28.

a) man bevri imuSava gasul kviras da moxseneba gaamzade

konferenciisaTvis.
b) is mTeli kvira moxsenebaze muSaobda da amiom televizors ar
rTavda.

29.

a) is meore oTaxidan usmenda da cdilobda gaerkvia, Tu ra melodias

ukravda misi coli.
b) qurdebma Secades gaqceva, magram policia droze movida da maT
kovzi nacarSi CauvardaT.

30.

a) avadmyofi Zalian cudad iyo da naTesavebi Zalian xmadabla

laparakobdnen.
b) is gvelaparaka Tavisi gegmebis Sesaxeb.
Exercise 16. Translate the sentences into English.

1. a) is dilis varjiSs akeTebda, rodesac telefonma dareka.

b) man dilis varjiS Seasrula da Sxapi miiRo.
2. a) man oTaxi daalaga da sadilic gaamzada.
b) oridan samamde is sadils amzadebda.
3. a) SarSan is xSirad dadioda TeatrSi.
b) is TeatrSi midioda, rodesac wvima daiwyo.
4. a) maT imReres da ickves nelisdabadebis dReze.
b) isini cekvavdnen, rodeac kidev axali stumari movida.
5. a) bvSvebma ivaxSmes da televizorsac uyures.
b) bavSvebi televizors uyurebdnen, rodesac patar anis CaeZina.

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6. a) im dros mas viRacam dauZaxa. man gaixeda ukan, magram

veravin ver naxa.
b) im dros mas viRaca eZaxoda da man ar ioda ra eqna, ukn gaexeda,
Tu nabiji aeCqarebina.
7. a) guSin dedam bazarSi cili iyida.
b) guSin dedabazarSi xils yidulobda, rodesac naxa, rom safule CanTaSi
ar ido.
8. a) niko mdinareSi banaobda, rodesac moesma, rom viRaca Svelas
iTxovda.
b) guSin nkom mdinareSi ibanava da Tevzic daiWira.
9. a) rodesac mama saxlSi movida, Cven vsadilobdiT.
b) mama saxlSi movida da Cven visadileT.
10.

a) is xelpirs ibanda, rodesac viRacam karebe dakakuna.

b) man xelpiri daibana da isauzma.

11.

a) rodesac samzareuloSi SevediT, Cai duRda.

b) rodesac samzareuloSi SevediT, Cai aduRda.

12.

a) rodesac is manqaniT samsaxurSi midioda, man quCis kuTxeSi

ana SeamCnia da manqana gauCera.
b) man manqaniT quCis bolomde mivida da anissaxlis win gaaCera.

13.

a) ana am dros guSin gamocdas abarebda.

b) anaguSin gamocda Caabara.

14.

a) ded wigns kiTxulobda, Cven ki televizors vuyurebdiT.

b) man wigni waikiTxa da mere dasaZineblad wavida.

15.

a) raze laparakobdiT guSin, rodesac TqvenTan movedi?

b) guSin krebaze dekanma vrclad ilaparaka momavali gamocdebis
Sesaxeb.

16.

a) sadilis Semdeg guSin TefSebi Cven gavrecxeT.

b) deda mTeli saRamo TefSebs recxavda.

17.

a) Cven tyeSi kenkras vagrovebdiT, roesac zRarbi SevamCnieT.

b) man morwyvi Seagrova (dakrifa ?) da jemic moxarSa.

18.

a) Tovda, rodesac saxlidan gamovediT, da sakmaod cioda. Cven

Tbili paltoebi gvecva da Tavs kargad vgrZoZdiT.
b) im zamTars xSirad Tovda.

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19.

a) rodesac gareT gavediT, mze anaTebda, magram civi qari qroda.

b) aRamos qarma dauZera da bavSvebi saxlSi SemoviyvaneT.

20.

a) man ori boTli Rvino dalia megobrebTan erTad guSin da daTvra.

b) is Rvinos svda, rodesac mism dam gaafrTxila, meti ar dalioo.

21.a) avtobusiT kSori gza iyo. mTeli gza mgzavrebs vakvirdeboi, radganar
vicodi ra meqna, wgnic CanTaSi ar edo.
b) me mas didi xani velodebodi, magram is ar gamoCnda.
22.

a) stumrebi movinen da nelim sufra gaSala.

b) is sufras Slida, rodesac stumrebi movidnen.

23.

a) man es suraTi maSin ipova, rodesac romeliRac Zvel wigns

eZebda.
b) man ipova Taroze is Zveli igni, me gamomca da mirCia, aucileblad
waikiTxeo.

24.

a) uecrad mixvda, rom sxva avtobusiT miemgzavrebda.

b) im dRes Cven metroTi da avtobusiTac vimogzaureT.

25.

a)

gogonebi

quCaSi

miseirnobdnen,

icinodnen

da

nayinsac

miirTmvdnen.
b) guSin maT bevri nayini Wames da saRamos yeli stkiodaT.
26.

a) me axla univrsitetSi vmuSaob, ori wliswin ki skolSi vmuSaobdi.

b) me baRSi vmuSaobdi, yvavilebs vrwyavdi da zari ar gamigonia.

27.

a) is amodga da televizori CarTo.

b) is televizors rTavda, rodesac Suqi gamoirTo.

28.

a) man Sexeda saxls im adgilidan, sadac idga.

b) is gogons ucqeroda da Tvals ver aSorebda.

29.

a) rodesac karebze kakkuni momesma, karebTan mivedi da gavaRe. iq

maTxovri idga a Tuls iTxovd.
b) maTxovarma fuli gamomarTva, madloba gadamixada dameore
karebze daakakuna.

30.

a) is kibeebze Carboda, rodesac fexi daucurda da daeca.

b) rodesac

bavSvebmafanjridan

quCaSi

deda

Cainbines kibeeze da dedas WiSkarTan daxvdnen.

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SeamCnies, maT

Exercise 1. Comment on the use of the Future Continuous in the following sentences.
1. After Bill goes Ill be sitting here all alone night after night. 2. He wants me to
meet him in my office tomorrow. He says Hell be bringing colleague. He says theyll
want to see the books. 3. Megan, get the spare room ready, and a bowl of cream. Youll
be wanting tea, I suppose. 4. Robert shivered. Ill be catching cold here, she said. 5.
Ill not be bringing him in his cup of beef tea any more, nor you, maam, send him his
sniff. Ah, poor James! 6. Mustnt delay, then. Our good host and hostessll be
expecting us, he said. 7. Goath had to be booted out, and as I was he booted himself
out. Hell be feeling very sorry for himself soon 8. And if you dont get on with some
work, my boy, youll be finding yourself shadowing down those steps. 9. Mason sat
down beside her. Well docking within half an hour, he said. Are you prepared for
it? 10. Pat as putting on his coat to see for himself. Will you be wanting me this
afternoon? asked Miss Rauenbush. 11. Ill be staying long tonight, was all she said.
Ive got to see somebody at eight. 12. Now listen: Dr. Maybury and his wife are here
for dinner tonight. Theyll be coming up here in a minute. 13. Adventures! Theyd be
better off at home with the adventures! Youll be wanting to go and have adventures
yourself next and then what will your poor mother say? 14. Ive got to go out, he
told Mr. Smeeth, and I shant be coming back today. Be I about eleven in the morning,
though, if anybody wants me. 15. One of these days Ill be finding a nice young man to
take me to the pictures. 16. What time do you think well be finishing tonight, Mr.
Smeeth? he enquired respectfully. 17. It seems to me you know everything about me,
she cried, laughing. Youll be telling me next how old I am and where I was born and
all the rest of it. 18. You know what it means. Shell be earning next to nothing for a
year or two. 19. I just want you to be nice Ill be doing nothing else. 20. But
what, asked Blair, the family sneer in place, will those states between here and Texas
and Florida be doing while we are fighting France and Spain?
Exercise 2. Use the Future Continuous Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. Im supposed to find out tactfully and without your knowing it what color dress
you (to wear). Why? The committee will send you a corsage. 2. He said, Go
away. The neighbors (to come) in to see me. I dont want them to find you here. 3.

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Hello, Nell! What you (to do) in an hour? Im going to come to your place, if you arent
against it. 4. We (to go), said Mr. Penezzi, getting up. Come and have lunch with us
on day, will you? 5. Well, I hope I see you again, Mr. Bush. Now I expect you (to
want) to talk to some of these pretty girls around here. 6. Why not tonight? We (to
leave) in the morning/ Because Ive changed my mind. 7. Mr. Pooles affairs are no
business o mine. If youll pardon me, I (to get) along. 8. Now just you be careful what
youre saying. You (to say) something in a minute youll be sorry for afterwards. 9. Itll
be perishingly cold, and by tomorrow she (to roll) like the devil all the way across the
North Sea. 10. I suppose you (to meet) your people? he said, getting up. Ill leave
you to work it out I (to look in) this afternoon. 12. Now listen, Jimmy dear, Mother (to
go) to see her palmist, very soon shes always going to palmists, you know. 13.
Youve given us the joke. I (to laugh) all night. 14. Im sure I dont care what you say.
Then I (to run) along. 15. We drive down Broadway to Wallacks at a gallop, where
her mother and a box party (to wait) for us in the lobby. 16. Whats the undertakers?
The people who (to do) the funeral. 17. Wherell I find you afterwards? I (to hang)
around Murrys. 18. And I suppose you (to want) to go on Saturday. 19. We (to see) the
rest of he house. Well, I was sure before and Im just as sure now. 20. As far as he's
concerned, you (to work) this without agency knowledge. 21. You dont want to take it
as hard as that. Bless me! You (to make) yourself ill over it.
Exercise 3. Use the Future Continuous Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. I must go to bed. By the way, George, Ive been dreadfully extravagant lately.
Some terrible bills (to come). 2. They (to pull) the Rectory down next week. Did you
see The Times about the Wren Tower? 3. Never mind. We (to meet) some decent people
here soon. 4. It all seems simple enough, said Wilcox. Suddenly he took his ha from
the rack, I (to run) along now. 5. It wont cost you anything. In fact I (to pay) you. 6.
After all, you (to stay) a day or so to cadge a free meal and rub noses with MacSalmons
Mission, wont you? 7. Were going to Berry Head, old chap; you must come! Ashurst
thought: Come! Impossible. I (to get things and (to go) back. 8. Are you sure that we
(not to disturb) you? she asked. 9. Now that everything is satisfactorily settle,
proceeded Hamilton Beamish, I (to leave) you. I have to get back and dress. 10. I take
it your sister (not to live) with you when she gets back. 11. what with al this new

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business, the firm (o grow) and (to expand) and thatll be just the opportunity for a
young fellow like yourself. 12. Christ, he (to shout) me up those stairs three time a day
which, as we both know, my heart wont stand. 13. What makes you so different? I
(to give) YOU a full demonstration of it shortly. 14. What you (to do) this time next
week? 15. Im catching cold. By the time anybody comes, if they ever do, I (to sneeze)
and (to cough) loud enough to be heard in the city. 16. In twenty years time, we (to
take) holiday trips to the moon. 17. Try to remember that if Ike Bush doesnt turn in a
win tonight, Al Kennedy (to ride) east in the morning. 18. You (to need) a coffin soon,
Workhouse, if you make jokes like that! 19. I love you, Paula, and I (to long) for you
terribly, but I cant marry you. 20. Ill be in Kamakura sometime after noon and I sure
as hell (to expect transportation to be arranged for me. 21. Shell still want to be
spending something and she (to bring) nothing in for a long time.
Exercise 4. Use the Future Continuous Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. But it wont make much difference to them I (to earn) a shilling a day, at least. 2.
All over town they (to ask) this particular favor. 3. They (to use) their energies to protect
themselves n every situation. 4. Souvenirs, he said. No. 1, Dr. Sheppard; No. 2, my
humble self. One from Major Blunt (to forthcome) in the morning. 5. Very soon the
program (to complete) its circle, and she (to want) to go, and it will be all over. 6.
Whats coming in the 1970s is going to be worse, far worse. And not just people
congestion. You (to choke) in other thing, too. I bet you (not to swim) when youre
sixty. 8. Let us telegraph Seor Samstag that, if he flies here gain, a new one-page
contract (to await) him at the notarys. 9. Well, I (to go) and (to see) if my mother wants
and errand doing. 10. You (to want) tea, I suppose. 11. He (to work) hard anyway, he
wont actually be in the Lodge very much. 12. This case (to get) into the newspapers?
I doubt it, Meyer said. Its a little too gory for the public. 12. I (to come up) in the
morning with the chief constable, Mr. Raymond. 13. Yes shes seen nothing, he
thought; everythings before her. And just for a few weeks passion. I (to cut) her life to
ribbons. 14. You (to see) me again soon. 15. He will lie in the small room all night,
and in the morning he will be dead. There, that will do, said Mr. Sandbach. I (to sit)
with him. 16. I (to visit) New York in the next few weeks and Id very much enjoy
seeing Mrs. Cooke. 17. Arnie I (to leave) tomorrow. What? What? Arnie. I (to

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go) tomorrow. Ive found a room. 18. You (to hear) a lot about that speech of your
before youre done. 19. Well, then, will you take my camp equipment? I (not to want) I
any more. 20. Is she with Lervi and the Brigadier? Oh, she (to want) help then.

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Exercise 1. Comment on the use of the Present Perfect in the following sentences.
1. Have you ever been married, Captain Meadows? I asked. Not me, he said, in
his quavering voice, with a grin. I know too much about women of that. 2. Hows
your boy, Henry? I see hes done pretty ell in the tournament. 3. Were you in
Dowses? No, I was with the less illustrious heavens, Ive forgotten the mans
name! 4. And the things he says! Youd laugh! Ive written a lot of them down in a
book for fear of losing them. 5. Ill tell you, mam, he began, Ive been through hell
in the last six months, and I never want to go through it again. 6. Best-designed little
kitchen Ive ever see, this one. Like a ships galley. 7. What are you so angry about?
Want to know something: Ive never bee angry in my life. 8. Last ten years I havent
been home, I mean really home. Summers my father packs me off to camps, and the rest
of the time Ive been at boarding schools. 9. So sad, when you remember how
wonderful she was, and how much shes always done for he village. 10. Dont beat
about the bush, it isnt like you not from all Ive heard, and I dont want to be
disappointed in you Charles has employed to see that Im jockeyed out of my rights as
Fremonts wife. 11. Go ahead, Guster, tell him the truth. Ive had that trick played on
me before. 12. Whats this? A second breakfast? Im quite sure you havent even had
a first breakfast. 13. We always kind of thought that place was cursed. Lots of funny
things have happened there. Seen any ghosts yet? 14. I hope you havent wasted today
feeling bitter about Mr. Payson. You have no right to bitterness. 15. Weve all enjoyed
having you here, Lena, she said. Its been a real treat. 16. Ive known all the time
who got that job for my father. 17. Has anyone said anything bout me? mason asked.
Well, Drake said, the district attorney has made some remarks about spectacular
methods used by an attorney with a statewide reputation which have turned the
administration of justice into a burlesque. 18. Why dont they go away? he said
despairingly, after the third attempt on the front door. They will, once theyve seen
you, I said. 19. In the past few years he has seldom travelled outside Greece. Hes
becoming a bit of a recluse in his twilight years, I think. 20. Ive followed your career
with a great deal of interest, Mr. Mason. I think you have exceptional legal ability and
an uncanny deductive skill. 21. Hs only one of the richest men in the world. Youve
really never heard of him? 22. Shes a peach. Ive given her the glad eye once or twice,
but I guess theres nothing doing. 23. I dont know very much about Uncle Arthur. I

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have never seen him, but I understand, generally, hes something of an eccentric. 24. Do
you know youve asked him that five times since rising from dinner? 25. Im just a bit
tired, thats all. Its been a long day. Im glad to finally be home. 26. You have nothing
to feel guilty about. I think youve come through a long dark tunnel, all on your own,
and youre still in one piece 27. Youve know him long? Since spring. 28. You
are the only one of my mothers friends I have ever asked her to bring to see me. 29.
This is the first time I've ever black mailed anyone and frankly Im a little disappointed.
30. Joyce has been a bit sluggish. Shes had a lot of work to do these last weeks. 31. I
havent eaten potatoes for twenty-five years, said Frank in a far-off brooding tone. 32.
What have you come for? Waker asked him abruptly.
Exercise 2. Use the Present Perfect Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. You (to have) no dinner? Then come. I (to make) a tray for you. 2. Ned (to
come) here each summer because, well, because I guess this is about the only home he
has. 3. I know what you (to try) to give me and I am grateful. But it (to be) a foolish
waste for us both. 4 I always (to say) I can stand any pain, any trouble but not
foredom. 5. There (to be) hundreds of similar break-ins during recent years and very
little (to recover). Antiques are big business these days 6. This is my old friend Bateman
Hunter. I (to tell) you about him. 7. Jut fancy he (not to be) here for more than fifty
years. He never even (to see) my George, whos fifty-one next birthday. 8. Darling! You
dont know how happy you (to make) me. 9. yet I (to do) so myself before today. I
(to omit) whole heinous episodes I (to dwell) unduly on the redeeming side. 10. Oddly
enough, we (to find) lately that for a great many things there is need to use the head. 11.
I already (t check) the distance between the bench and the place of the accident. 12.
Champagne always (to be) a lousy drink for me. 13. I think it likely that few people
beside myself ever actually (to see) and (to speak) with a cane-man. 14. Thats the
sweetest thing you (to say) to me in days. 15. Te last six months I (to think) a lot about
my mother. 16. You (not to live) in the South long enough to know that nothing is ever
any bodys fault? 17. Youll see what I (to write) about you. How are your guests? They
(to sleep) well, I hope. 18. Im sorry, we only just (to move in) and theres such a lot to
do. 19. I (to know) them for many years. The man indeed is a compatriot of mine. 20. I
(not to have) much chance of telling you the purpose of this expedition. Perhaps you (t

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guess) it already. 21. I (to be) a postman for twenty-eight years. 22. And may I now
introduce you to Miss Jones, a lady who (to perform) the astonishing feat of noticing
Water Poole from the highroad? 23. I (to knock) about so much n South America and
Colorado and Ceylon that Im merely a tramp Jungle rat. 24. May I ask why you (to
think) it best to withdraw your money at this time? 25. There! There is no need to finish;
my readers long since (to divine) it. 26. The devil is like a roaring lion seeking whom
he may devour. He (not to devour) you. Give him time. 27. No Poole (to live) here
regularly since then.
Exercise 3. Use the Present Perfect instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. But remember, its later there than it is here. He (to be) on the job for two or three
years. 2. Mason asked, How long Mrs. Wallman (to be) gone? About half or three
quarters of an hour, I guess. 3. I know every inch of the ground, and since the house (to
change) hands I have no compunction. 4. I thank you very much for the helpful
information which you (o give) me. 5. Were decent people and we never (to have)
anything to do with he police. 6. You ever (to see) this particular mansion lit up
before? Certainly although it is now long ago. 7. So let me stay, our mam, because, I
tell you, I (to suffer) a lot. 8. I think that is the stupidest thing I ever (to hear) you say. 9.
When you are my age, Nox, I hope you will look back and know that we (to make) a
good job of you. 10. Time (to pass) now and I (to bother) to get another picture for the
wall. Maybe a war map would do it 11. You (to come) in regard to the kidnapping of
the Prince of Wurttemberg? 12. It seems strange that you (to be) on board hip with us
for four days, Mr. Mason, and just (to come) to Father with this proposition. 13. Oh,
yes, we never (to stay) so long in a town before but I do hope were here for good. I
like it here, dont you? 14. Youre the only person she ever (to take) any notice of. 15.
You dont think we (to know) each other for too long? I dont think we (to know)_
each other nearly long enough. 16. Youre very thin, darling, she said. Lena smiled
bravely. Ive been through a good deal lately. I (o lose) a lot of weight. 17. Fred (to
come) back? Well, when you (to be)? Come and have a drink an talk to me. I (to be)
everywhere. Everywhere possible. I even forced myself to call on Mr. Payson. 18.
Youre not still at the old Tax grind, are you? I just (to retire). 19. How long you
(to know) Fremont C. Sabin? Five years. 20. I think when you (to finis) your coffee,

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young man, we ought to be going. 21.And where is she today? She and my mother
(to go out) for lunch. You always (to live) in the lodge? Yes, always. 22. You may
have noticed that I (to be) fussy about my clothing of late, Mullet? Oh, no, sir. Well,
I (to be), and that was the reason. 23. For some time past I (to be) the recipient of very
marked attentions from a young lady. 24. And your father, Mason interrupted, rather
studiously (to avoid) me. I (to gather) from what your mother (to say) that he is
prejudiced against lawyers. 25. I ran to the door and opened it. I said, Thank God you
(to come), m sister just (to eat) a bottle full of sleeping pills. 26. You must understand
that I (to have a rough time. It (to be) pure hell running two lives, and Priscillas been
awful to me for so long, she really (to hate) me, she (not to say) a kind or gentle thing to
me for years 27. Weve got to get you out of here, Mr. Smith said. Mr. Brown
(to tell) your charge. We both (to see) he Secretary of State. We (to stand) bail. 28.
Arnold Jackson has a small island in the Paumotas He (to plant) coconut there. He
(to offer) to give it to me. 29. You (to be) in Ozarksville for a little less than two days
and already you (to draw) across it a trail a trail, I say of suspicion and confusion
such as it (not to see) in fifteen years.
Exercise 4. Use the Present Perfect Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. I am sorry to hear that some delay (to occur) in the arrangements elating to Major
Brown. 2. I just about (to finish) your costume for the play, and we can have a fitting. 3.
The weather (to clear) all right, but the sea (not to go) down yet. 4. I suppose you (to
come) for a good rest and change. 5. How long you (to be married), Mrs. Androvich?
To Karl? Six months. 6. Is Karl your second husband? No Hes my first husband.
Only husband I ever (to have). 7. I see you (to bring) two suitcases. Ill put out some of
her clothes for you. 8. What sort of picture of me my reader (to receive)? I fear it must
lack definition, since I never (to have) any strong sense of my identity 9. Where is
everybody? Why they (not to be) in touch? Everyone (to be) in touch. Theres a pile
of telegrams and phone messages downstairs. 10. Do you mean to say you (to know)
her since she was a child? 11 I (to have) a bad day and I (to think) of many things. 12. I
say, you ever (to hear) of a girl called Avice Crichton? Never. 13. I do not wish to g
on with my life as it (to be). I (not to e) happy, and I cannot continue here. I cannot be
what you (to wish) me to be. 14. I think Ill go to bed if you dont mind. Im sorry, I

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still (not to make up) the spare bed. 15. That blasted woman For a fortnight I (to
watch) her gorge like a hog. Its more than flesh and blood can stand. 16. Dyou mean
to say I dont look thinner? After all I (to go through). Yes, dear, of course, you do.
Everybody (to notice) it. 17. I just (to finish) Crispins bedroom floor. Where is
he? He (to go) to spend the day with the schoolmasters family. 18. Look here, Mr.
Mason. I (to be) married. Im not exactly a prude. 19. Take, for example, this wellknown instance a story which, in one form or other, everybody (to hear). 20. I just (to
have) a session with Charles Sabin and Richard Waid, the secretary. 21. Do you know
that Lady Florena (to break off) her engagement with me? 22. This year we (to take on)
only one new assistant. You (to come) with excellent recommendations and youll have
every opportunity to live up to them. 23 I (to read) that this house (to know) at least one
ghost, which would seem to indicate the possibility, at least, of another. 24. Come on
over here, darling, and tell me about yourself. I (to miss) you. 25. My poor dear, you (to
have) your breakfast? Ill order some for you at once. 26. This is the same watch. I think
there (to be) a mistake somewhere. 27. I dont think I ever (to hear) his voice sound
happier. 28. It was a great success, and so everything (to be) that I (to write) since. 29.
How can I ever thank you for what you (to do) for me? You (to do) me a great service.
30. You (to see) Paris? I should think I ! I (to knock about) there a little. 31.
Tommy, I see you (not to change) an atom. Youre the very same serious person that
used to lecture me on Sunday morning. 32. Good Heavens, my dear man, I (to be) your
wife for twenty-two years? Oh, please, dear, dont be quarrelsome! I (to do) something
to hurt you?
Exercise 5. Use the Present Perfect Indefinite instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. He (to come) round here about once a fortnight and we never (to buy) anything
from him yet. 2. And now that you (to satisfy) your curiosity by looking at me and (to
have) you laugh I (to want) to hear no more of you. 3. You (to know) in a way I (to eel)
so sorry for Roger, he (to be) so miserable, shouting at me or else not taking at al, he
must be so terrible unhappy inside himself. 4. After seven summers I (to come) to the
conclusion that your wife (to consider) it vulgar to mention anything by name. 5. Night
shift (to mean) going outside in the dark, which I always (to ear), but it (to mean) I shall
be available all day. 6. I always (to be) of opinion that a man who (to desire) to get

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arrived should know either everything or nothing. 7. Very possibly, as he (to assert), Mr.
Mullettis is a reformed character. But this (not to alter) the fact that he (to do) his hit of
time. 8. You (to stand) there and (to tell) me that you (to know) this wonderful girl for
many years and are not in love with her? 9. If (to worry) me that Fred Narracott (not to
be over) today. 10. Things (to change). You (to mean) that you (to change) or that
Christabel (to change)? Both, I (to suppose). 11. I (to fear) for you sanity. You are a
stupid woman and recently you (to develop) this insolence. Most of what you (to say)
(to make) little sense. 12. From what I (to see) of Winnie Joyce on the screen, shes a
nice kid. Theres a startling resemblance, though. Not only Bell Newberry (to resemble)
her n face and figure, but in action and temperament. 13. Whole thing (to sound) like
the sale of a shore-front property. I (not to know). It (to seem) tom I (to be) so mixed up.
14. I (to eel) undertones of something or other committee meetings of late. One (to
become) tired of sitting round a table. 15. You (to think) Miss Jones simply (to stray) in
on the party? 16. I (to be) so wrong and so careless in not seeing it. You (to want) to go
home now? 17. Now its Wednesday, and she (not to answer) by line or sign. 18. You (to
ask) me to tell you, ser, who (to take) your money. 19. You (to have) no idea how much
I (to appreciate) what you (to do) for me. 20. I (to hope) my young sisters (to be) decent
to you. 21. What you (to think) I am? Thats what I (to come) to ask you. We (to be
friends, we? But all the same, you (to think Im well, a gigolo. A creature who (to
live) on women 22. Somebody (to be) here before, said Hooker, clearing his throat.
23. I (not to see) her at church since she came. 24. We (to suspend) the meetings for two
weeks, so maybe I can get some rest. 25. Since my poor fathers death he (to be) like a
father to me. 26. Look at that then if you (not to believe) me. 27. I (to be) n the forest
service, ad I (to work) cattle, and I (t know) how to read trail. 28. Now he (to be)
twenty-five. Ackroyd always (to regard) him as his own son. 29. I (to believe) the parrot
was a present from her husband. She (to have) it for almost two weeks. 30. Assuming
that the original embezzlement was twenty-five thousand dollars how much you (to
suppose) you (to spend)? 31. In the last two months we (to spend) ore than five
thousand dollars. I (to know) that for a fact. 32. In fact it (to be) a pretty tiring summer
for everybody. 33. You (to like) the serenade? I (to love) it. I (to dream) of it. I (to
live) on it for the last three days. 34. I (to say) this to you before. 35. I (not to see) that
you (to leave) me any choice. 36. I never (to see) him since ad hardly even (to give) him
a moments thought until now. 37. Flora is so fond of you. We (to feel) you (to be) quite

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an old friend, although we only really (to know) you just over two years.
Exercise 6. Use the Present Perfect or the Present Indefinite instead of the infinitives
in brackets.
1. I (to feel) convinced, Mr. Mullet, he said, that I (to see) you face before. And
I to say) you (not to see) it, said the vallet testily. 2. And, of course, as Mr. Mullet long
since (to expiate) his offence, I (to need) scarcely say that we of the Force (to have)
nothing against him. 3.YOu never (to come) and (to keep) watch, even at the
appropriate season. Good lord, no. Poole was again determinedly amused. I (to tell)
you I (not to take) any interest in spooks. 4. So you (to have) a baby? he said.
Thats the time to look out. After a pretty woman (to have) her first child, shes very
vulnerable, because she (to want) to reassured about he own char. 5. I (to be) so
unhappy for years, so unhappy. I (not to understand) how a human being can be so
unhappy all the time an still be alive. 6. I (to mean) that death (to beget) death. You (to
tell) me before of you Housemasters death. 7. but now I (to see) thats all wrong. I
(to take) a vow, Mr. Southwick; I (to take) the vow of Voluntary Poverty. 8. And until I
(to bring) matters to a head, I (not to want) your husband to even know that Im
working on the ease. 9. (To have) you any idea how much money he (to leave)? No.
He (to carry) it all in a money belt. 10. I (to point out) very clearly that there is nobody
with such a strong bias towards honesty as the man who just (to come) out prison. It (to
stand) to reason. 11. I (t say) a hundred times that, since you came, Sigsbee (to be) a
different man. He (to know) all the forks now, and can even talk intelligently about
souffls. 12. I (not to come) to seek fame and fortune. But I (to scent) a purpose, he
said. 13. They (to give) you a bad cabin? I asked. Oh, its only that I (to prefer) the
starboard side. 14. But I (to win) every time, sir. I (not to lose) one fight with that old
Tempter since I (to be) in your employment, Mr. Finch. 15. I (to want) you to
understand, Helen Monteith said, That I (to do) nothing wrong noting of which I (to
be) ashamed. 16. She (to be) extremely indiscreet and her fortune (to hag) upon the
Prince. 17. Our friendship is a tough plant, Bradley. Look, I just (to refuse) to pretend
that this thing (not to happen) and (not to think) you ought to either. 18. And Marcel?
What you (to propose) to do with Marcel? I (not to decide). Tomorrow I must have a
word with him. You (to know) he (to own) a third of the hotel? 19. They (to give) you a

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nice room, (to hope). Some of the rooms (to remain) a little bare. For want of a ready
cash. 20. What they (to say) you (to do), Mr. Jones? I (not to have) much of an
opportunity to do anything. I didnt even get through the customs. They (not to explain)
things very clearly to me yet. 21. I often (to notice) that a bribe (to have) that effect it
(to change) a relation. The man who (to offer) a bribe (to give) away a little of his own
importance; the bribe once accepted, he (to become) the inferior, like a man who (to
pay) for a woman. 22. I (to know) lots of girls. I (to suppose) Im considered a good
matrimonial catch. The girls themselves (to be) pretty decent. But mothers (to dangle)
their daughters in front for my eyes until I (to feel) that I (to see) them all. 23. What
Hungrford (to want)? I (not to know). I (to be) too busy to see him. (L (to engage) a
suite of rooms in San Francisco and have a plane chartered and waiting. 24. You (to be)
always so interested in Scotland, and that is one reason why I (to be) interested in you. I
(to enjoy) all your books, but you really (to get) to grips with people? I (to doubt) it. 25.
On the trees are only a few gnarled apples that the pickers (to reject). They (to look) like
the knuckles of Doctor Refys hand. One (to nimble) t them and they are delicious. Into
a little round place at the side of the apple (to be) gathered all of its sweetness. 26. Why
you (not to marry) her yourself, Bateman? You (to be) in love with her for ages. You (to
be) perfectly suited to one another. 27. You (to wish) me to give her that message,
Edward? Oh, I cant. Its terrible. It never (to sawn) on her for a moment that you (not to
want) to marry her. She (to love) you. 28. Tell her that I (not to make) good. Tell her that
I (not to be) only poor, but that I (to be) content to be poor. Tell her all you (to see)
tonight and all (to tell) you. 29. I (to mean): I (to have) the money and everything, but I
cant pay you for something you (not to earn). 30. Once I (to reach) that conclusion, I
figure there must be some discrepancy between the evidence and the conclusions the
police (to draw) from that evidence. 31. Many a young man (to admit) after marriage
with regret that he (to select) his wife too rashly. 32. He always (to stand) there and (to
stand) there thirty years in the back pail of his shop 33. Yet everybody nowadays
(to know) all about the caveman. The fifteen-cent magazines and the new fiction (to
make) him a familiar figure Lately, for some reason or other, there (to be) a run on
the cave-man. 34. Doll, dont ask me. I (to be) so busy swinging propositions and lining
things up and breathing and eating spinach, that I never (to have) time to find out what
on earth the company (to do). 35. Lately I (to see) her around town quite often with a
chap named Thaler he (to run) a couple of gambling houses here. They (to call) him

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Whisper. You probably (to hear) f him. 36. I (to think) its the meanest, rotten thing I
ever (to hear) of. 37. Six weeks ago he had a kind of awful experience and he never
(to be) the same since. And very likely he (to brood) about that too. 38. Perhaps he (to
lose) his job and (not to dare) to tell me. 39. Paco Espine (to tell) me its the biggest
draw the Casino ever (to have).
Exercise 7. Use the Present Perfect or the Present Continuous instead of the
infinitives in brackets.
1. Things (to happen) at last, I (to develop), I (to change), think of all teat (to happen)
since yesterday. I (to be) dead for years and unhappy and terribly secretive. 2. Put up
with mea little longer, kid. I (to get) older and Ill soon wear down. I never (to hear)
you speak of getting old. 3. They (to identify) Mrs. Newberry as Mrs. Moar and one f
the San Francisco papers (to run) a story about the embezzlement. Roy Hungerford (to
wait) in the reception room). 4. Were from the police station and we (to have)
complaints that you (to give) these little girls money and (to lead) them the wrong way.
5. We (to know) you for years in fact, and we (to ask) you to leave those girls alone and
have nothing more to do with them. 6. Helen, I (to be) your friend for years and why
you (to take) this load of misery and danger on your own shoulders. 7. Talk of
immorality! I (to hear) of cases what I (to say)? I (to now) them: cases of
immorality. 8. Whats all the commotion about? The ship (to jump) around so I can
hardly stand up. We (not to run) into anything? Look at the searchlights! 9. You (to
talk) with Belle? No I cant. They (to hold) her in San Francisco. 10. This (to go) far
enough. I know that this time Jik will be all right again in a day or two, but we (not to
take) any more risks. 11. But I only (to come) to say this: my sister is desirous of seeing
you. She (to come) here. 12. We only (to grow) the safer vegetables at present till we (to
gain) experience. 13. What you (to eat), Mrs. Smith? I dont know why you should
ask, Mr. Brown. You (to see) me eat it every evening at the same hour. Slippery Elm
Food. 14. Since then I (to haunt) the sidewalk outside her house. I dont know why I
(to tell) you this, Mullet.
Exercise 8. Use the Present Perfect or the Continuous instead of the infinitives in
brackets.

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1. How long your sister (to be) in Honolulu, Miss Whiting? Just two weeks.
You (to work)? Mason inquired. Pardon me, I (not to try) to pry into your affairs, but
... Its quite all right, Mr. Mason, she toed him. No, I (not to work) now. I (to look)
for a secretarial position. 2. Who (to take care) of your fees? Hungerford asked
abruptly. Mrs. Moar will, Mason said. I (not to discuss) fees with her as yet. 3.
You (not to sacrifice) yourself for me? I couldnt stand for that, you know. No,
Batman, I (to learn) no to b silly and sentimental here. 4. It appears that people (to say)
rather disagreeable things about me. Someone (to be) to Michael and (to tell) him that
theres a lot of gossip about me and poor Tom Fennel! 5. Mrs. Sabin (to take) particular
pains to tell me that shes going to be in the saddle. 6. All right, then. Ill say something.
I (to tell) Charles Sabin, and now I (to tell you. I know only too well that Charles (to
resent) me ever since I married into his family. 7. I wonder if it still (to snow)? I
think it (to stop). 8. Mother (to come) from the office and (to cook) dinner now. 9. Bill
(to do) all his lessons and (to watch) a football match now. 10. I (to work) as I can, and I
(to support) you. I still (to support) you. 11. Wheres my dad? Eh, I dont know. He
(to take) a bundle in the blue handkerchief, and says he (not to come) back again. 12.
They (to hit) him! Sikes shouted. He (to bleed). 13. I (to come) to see you about a
woman who (to lodge) in the same house as we (to be). 14. Whats that? Why you (to
watch) me for? What you (to see)? Speak up, boy!
Exercise 9. Rewrite the sentences using the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite
Tense.
Models: I am making a dress for my daughter (already, yesterday).
I have already made a dress for my daughter.
I mad a dress for my daughter yesterday.
1. Grandmother is cooking dinner (an hour ago, not yet). 2. The students are writing
a test (two days ago, already). 3. John is building a house in the country (last year, this
year). 4 Pete is ringing up Nellie (just, two hour ago). 5. Kitty is doing her homework
(yesterday, already). 6. The teacher is explaining a new rule (at the last lesson, just). 7.
He is meeting his classmates (last week, this week). 8. He is living in a hostel (since he

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arrived in our town, in 1998). 9. He is telling s about his plans (lately, then). 10. They
are going to Italy (this year, three years ago). 11. Mother is baking a cake (already, in
the morning). 12. Ann isnt speaking to us (for a week, when we met her). 13. He knows
our neighbors (for three ears, ten years ago). 14. Pete loves my classmate Kitty (for
three years, two years ago). 15. My aunt is ill (recently, last month). 16. We dont hear
from them very often (for ages, last year). 17. She is angry with us (since yesterday,
yesterday). 18. Petes sister is cleaning the windows (just, last Saturday). 19. Mr. Brown
is buying sweets in our shop (many times, a few days ago). 20. The birds are coming
back from the South (already, at the end of April). 21. We are fond of your sister (since
we got acquainted with her, when we were at school.
Exercise 10. Rewrite the sentences using the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite
Tense (follow the models of the previous exercise).
1. Is the train leaving? (already, ten minutes ago). 2. It is raining now (often, when
you were in Batumi; since Monday). 3. They are in London (three months ago, this
month). 4. This writer is writing a novel (just, last month). 5. His father is playing
football (in his childhood, since he was fourteen). 6. I want to see my teacher (for a
week, last week). 7. I am reading a novel by A Christie (this month, last month). 8. The
bell is ringing (some minutes ago, not yet). 9. I dont se her every week (since we
finished school, last week). 10. He isnt buying fruit (today, yesterday). 11. We are not
receiving any letters from her (of late, last month). 12. It s snowing now (for a long
time, last winter). 13. I am wearing a woolen jacket (since Mother bought it for me, at
school two days ago). 14. She is eating caviar (never, when she was ill). 15. Mother is
doing the flat (on Sunday, today). 16. I am having an English lesson (this week, last
week). 17. We are translating a text (just, twenty minutes ago). 18. We line in Tbilisi
(since we arrived from Sokhumi, when you met us last month). 19. I am meeting Nick
(many times, in 2005 last). 20. The performance is beginning (not yet, ten minutes
ago). 21. He has a car (since last year, two yeas ago). 22. He is not having a holiday (for
five year, last year). 23. He helps his son with mathematics (never, on Sunday).
Exercise 11. Use the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite Tense instead of the
infinitives in brackets.

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1. I think you (o love) always her. I dont think there (to be) a time when you (not to
love) her. She (to be) always so fond of you. 2. You see, my daughters happiness (to be)
on my mind ever since (to hear) this about the Products Refining Company. 3. I (to
show) my love or him by bequeathing to him the large fortune which I (to inherit) from
the late Mr. Stainberg. 4. Mrs. Newberry, are you are you absolutely certain you (not to
see) your husband since he (to leave) this stateroom? 5. He (to drink) some whisky
slowly. Its ironic, you know. I always (to have) a regard for the police. I (not to know)
they could be the way they are. 6. Well, I (to continue). I always (to admire) you so
much, your wonderful brain and genius, that I (to feel) I (to want) to speak to you and
ask you how you are. 7. They (to leave) the house about midnight and (not to return)
since. 8. Even from where I (to be) I (to hear) her say: He never (to go) and (to get run
over). 9. I already (to speak) to the attendant who (to serve) you at Sanchias, an
obscure milliner in a back street near Portland. 10. Im sorry you (to be) annoyed about
this, Cuttler (to apologize) to Rooney, and once more his eyes (to sweep) approvingly
over Marjory Tentons figure. 11. It (to be) Carls gun? Yes. How long he (to have)
it? About two months. When he (to start) carrying large sums of money with him, he
(to think) he (to need) a gun for protection. 12. The captain (to regard) Mason
thoughtfully for a few moments, then (to turn) back to Mrs. Newberry. I notice you (to
change) your dress, Mrs. Newberry. The captain (to say) doggedly, I want to know
why you (to change) your dress. 13. Who (to be) it? Gibbs (to ask). His picture (to
be) in the paper recently? Just a man who (to like) parrots, Mason (to say) casually.
14. I (not to smoke) a fag in twenty years. You know that. Dont you remember how I
(to start) smoking a pipe? We were courting you (to give) me one once for my birthday.
15. I (to be) in San Francisco when my grandmother (to become) ill. That (to be) why I
(to be) so long in getting back. 16. Well, I first (to know) Molly when her mother (to
be) alive. Her mother is alive. I (to see) her. A woman who looks like Catherine of
Russia. 17. Thats all my hard work. You (to hear bout my house? Mabel just (to tell)
me. She (to tell) me about the divorce too. Im sorry. 18. Henry Carnets frown (to
grow) darker. He (to0 do) no better than I (to expect) him to. 19. She (not to go)? I
(to think) she (to give) a second performance at two? Thats true. They might be in
the bar. 20. And mind you, I (not to be) out of my bed for two years. They (to carry)
me down and (to put) me in the car. 21. You (not to answer) my challenge. I (to say) you

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deliberately (to make) me unhappy and nervous. I (to wish) only t remind you of the
death of Dowse 22. Mason (to look) at the stamps (to study) the postmarks and (to
say), This one (to leave) Honolulu day before yesterday. Yes, she (to say), I (to
get) it yesterday. Its the last letter I (to receive) from Sis. 23. My husband is in the
administration in Morocco, and (to come) to Monte Carlo for a few weeks because he
(to think) I (to want) a change. 24. We (to go) to school together. When were in
Washington, we get together socially about once a month. I (not to see) him much since
we (to be) here because hes tied up. I trust him implicitly. 25. My poor lad (not to
realize) even what it (to cost) me and how I (to work) to keep us together all these years,
ever since your poor dad (to die). 26. I (to get) him right in three months. You never
(to tell) me bout the people you (not t cure). 27. What a surprise. My, you (to grow)!
However long is it since you (to be) last here? It must be five years. 28. You always
(to be) against the police. On the contrary, Mason (to tell) him, I (to help) solve quit
a few murder cases. You always (to manage) to get your clients acquitted, Sergeant
Holcomb (to point out). 29. He (to look) at me more closely. You (not to change) a
bit, h said. 30. Fred (to come in) to see him after he (to leave) here this morning, (to
say a few minutes, no more, and he (not to see) him since. 311. You speak of a
serpents tooth who (to disgrace) the name we bear. He (to do) what you (to drive)
him to do. You must mellow and forgive him, as he (to forgive) you. He (to forgive)
me? Fro what? I (to commit) some crime? 32. Tiens, she (to say). Where you (to
spring) form? I (not to expect) you till tomorrow. The Ministry (to fall), he (to
answer). I have been sent for. 33. The shutters (to be) all down the way it is when the
place is closed up, and the garage (to be) closed and locked, and I (to think), Shucks,
you (to make) a mistake, there aint anyone home. 34. Why, since we (to marry) I
never (to look) at another woman. We never (to have) money lie this before. 35. Of
course we (to have) no communication with him or many years. He (to leave) the
country as soon as he (to be able) to, and I guess the country (not to be) sorry to see the
last of him. 36. How long since you (to see) him? Five minutes ago.
Exercise 12. Use the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite Tense instead of the
infinitives in brackets.
1. I (to be) astonished how much she (to grow) in the months. 2. My landlady, my

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servant, my friends all (to read) the description of the woman who (to murder) Mr.
Culledon. 3. I (to be) in my cabin reading. Why you (not to give) me a buzz? She (to
laugh), and (to say), I (to want) the meeting to appear casual. 4. She (to mean) to have
that money even at the cost of one of the most dastardly murders that ever (to darken)
the criminal annals of this country. 5. I (to tell) the police no more than (to be)
absolutely necessary. I (not to volunteer) information. 6. He (to know) I (not to want) to
buy the book. You (to read) it? I asked. Dear me, no! said the manager. 7. It (to be)
a long time since we (to see) each other, it? 8. How long you (to have) the wrist
watch? Mason (to ask) casually. How long since it (to be) stolen from Mrs. Drake?
she (to counter). About tree months. 9. I (to know) you would do it. I always (to
think) of you as a real friend. 10. She (to fling) her parcels on the floor and (to snatch)
the child from him. What you (to do) to him? she (to cry), glaring into his face. 11.
Right at present the police (not to identify) that murder weapon; that is, they (not to
find) out where it (to come) from. 12. I never (to see) it before. My aunt (to swear) it (to
get) inside her locked trunk once when she and my uncle (to drive) out to Ayers Rock.
13. The wife of a friend of mine (to have) an accident. She (to fall). 14. If you really feel
like that about it, I (to tell) Espinel you (to have) a fainting fit. 15. If I (not to finish)
every picture I started its because Im good enough to know they werent good enough.
16. Find out how much money your husband (o leave), and get it in my hands. 17.
She (to sit) down beside him, saying not a word, and (to take) his hand in hers, with the
other she (to stroke) his pink palm. 18. The coroner at San Molinas (to call) an inquest
for eight oclock this evening 19. Is that all you have for bed? Mr. Smith asked
with indignation. I (to sleep) in worse places. 20. My dear woman, you are too clever
by half. I (to say) it before and I can only repeat it. 21. When you (to get) those clothes,
father? A week ago. 22. You (not to recognize) me last night? You (to change).
23. I (to have) quite a trip. I (to fly) from New York down to Central America to pick up
mother, and (to come) back with her. I even (to tub) yet. 24. You see, my daughters
happiness (to be) on my mind ever since (to hear) this about the Products Refining
Company. 25. A year ago I (to come) into a legacy enough to enable me to realize a
dream. I always (to want) to travel, to see the world. 26. I (to know) Ralph Paton ever
since he (to be) a boy. 27. We (to be engage) for about a month, but we (to announce) it
only yesterday. 28. I (to notice) that Raymonds hand was shaking. Robbey, I suppose,
he (to say). How the robber (to get in)? He (to take) anything? 29. My dad (to come)

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home? he (to say). I (to see) him at the pub, he was helping to serve the beer. 30. Mrs.
Mann (to take) his hat and coat, (to place) a chair for him and (to express) great concern
for his comfort. You (to have) a long walk, M. Bumble, she (to say), and you are
thirsty. 31. I (not to sleep) under a roof since I (to start) my journey. 32. Ever since
people (to realize) the Earth (to be) just a tiny part of the universe, they (to wonder)
about the existence of other intelligent life forms. 33 Sikes (to seize) the boys collar
through the window. They (to hit) him! Sikes (to shout). 34. As a young man, he (to
serve) abroad for many years as a doctor in the Army. 35. He claims he (not to hear)
anything because he was listening to a football game and he (to have) the volume on
high, but I (to hear) that one before. 36. You know I never (to have) eyes for anyone but
you and I could never think that anyone (to be) like you.
Exercise 13.
Give additional information to the following sentences, using the words in brackets.
1. I am in the trade (for thirty years). 2. No one lives in this house (for many years).
3. You dont have your dinner (yet). 4. I want to see it, just as much as you do (always).
5. They dont see you (all these years). 6. You do nothing but moon (since we saw the
dead Chinaman). 7. You are away now (five or six years). 8. Its the only thing I want to
do (since I left school). 9. I dont speak to them (for twenty years). 10. I love it. I dream
of it. I live on it (for the last three years). 11. Who can say he is not in love? (never). 12.
They are parasites such as Europe does not know (in a hundred years). 13. I know a few
men (since then). 14. Iris takes no notice of us (ever since we got here). 15. I know
Ralph Paton (from a boy upward). 16. I want to go to South America (always). 17. You
may thank your stars I came back (tonight). 18. I think I shall walk down to the gat.
You already do that (twice in the last hour). 19. I am not near the telephone (the whole
evening). 20. She is the most beautiful girl that I see (ever). 21. Dont speak to them.
The Cronin boys are impolite rude boys (always). 22. Do you like hot cinnamon
buns? I dont have one (since I was ten years old). 23. You are a trouble (since you
came to the islands). 24. I dont love anybody in the world but you (never). 25. I dont
attend rehearsals (never). 26. She has the wrist watch (just about six months). 27. I dont
eat potatoes (for twenty-five years). 28. I have nothing on my mind (since last night).
29. You develop the Rabit (already). 30. I love Francis (all my life). 31. Edgar Linton

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asked me to marry him (today). 32. I have the police here (half the day)_. 33. They are
parasites such as Europe does not know (in a hundred years). 34. He quite often sees his
teacher (lately).
Exercise 14.
Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence.
1. Gennaro was / has been here two days ago. 2. You were / have been away now five
or six years and grew / have grown into womanhood. 3. They never saw / have seen
either of you all these years. 4. Thats fine, only relax, sonny, relax. Nobody arrested /
has arrested you. 5. Its not the first time I have / have had reins in my hands. 6. I think
she got married / gas got married last year. 7. They made / have made friends early in
life. 8 You didnt congratulate / havent congratulated me yet, Dr. Sheppard, said
Flora. Didnt you hear? / Havent you heard? 9 I knew / have known her when she
was a child. 10. Were afraid there was / has been an attempt at robbery, and we want
you to help us. 11. Im so miserable. I always was / gave been a good wife to George. I
worked / have worked my fingers to the bone in our early days. I never looked / have
looked at any other man. 12. I didnt see / havent seen Jane when I came / have come.
Where is she? 13. Jack was / has been here requiring after you. 14. You cant jail him,
the deputy said. He didnt do / hasnt done anything. 15. I didnt much like / havent
much liked sleeping by myself the last two nights. 16. I didnt much like / havent much
liked sleeping by myself last night. 17. What time did the concert begin / has the concert
begun? 18. I did / have done a little drawing which I want you to accept. 19. The other
day I did / have done a little drawing which I want you to accept. 20. We lived / have
lived side by side but we hardly spoke / have spoken to each other, he said. 21. We
lived / have lived side by side in Brighton but we hardly spoke / have spoken to each
other. 22. I know all about your marriage. Nick told / has told me about it when we
met / have met. 23. I met / have met Nick at the Institute today. 24. Did you have / Have
you had breakfast? Yes, I did / have. 25. Did you have / Have you had breakfast?
Yes, I had / have had it at the canteen. 26. Did you find / Have you found your ring?
Yes, I did / have. 27. Did you find / Have you found your ring? Yes, I found / have
found it in my handbag. 28. Im very sorry to hear that poor fellow took up / has taken
up his evil course again.

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Exercise 15.
Give Georgian equivalents to the following proverbs. Use them in short situations of
your own.
1. A thief passes for a gentleman when stealing has made him rich. 2. Much water
has flown under the bridges since 3. Bacchus has drowned more men than Neptune.
4. Who has never tasted bitter, know not what is sweet. 5. We know not what is good
until we have lost it. 6. The tortoise wins the race while the hare is sleeping. 7. Too
much water drowned the miller. 8. Almost never killed a fly. 9. Never cross the bridge
until you have come to it. 10. What man has done man can do. 11. When children stand
quiet, they have done some harm. 12. You have mad your bed, you must lie on it. 13. He
knows best what good is that has endured evil. 14. He knows the water best who has
waded through it. 15. Never cast dirt into that fountain of which thou hast sometime
drunk. 16. Faint heart has never won fair lady.

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Exercise 1.
Comment of the use of the Past Perfect using the following sentences.
1. He had lost his way when riding in the hills, and after a day without food he began
to grow hungry. 2. He waited until the lift had been silent for several minutes. He
admitted to himself that the courtship had begun in a manner surprisingly strange. 4.
But Jim did something I hadnt heard about before, at least not in our yard. 5. Several
neighbors mentioned ion passing to Mrs. Hay that Susan and her friends had been rather
noisy the night before. 6. Shed had a drink or two on her way, and before coming into
the house stopped off at the lavatory outside. 7. Part of the etiquette of the Association
was that committee members were of the same generation and had been at the school at
the same time. 8. She switched out the hall light. She had turned away from the door for
less than a second when the door bell rang again. 9. She returned to the door of her sons
room. The weakness had passed from her body as by a miracle and she stepped boldly
along. 10. He insisted on being addressed as Sergeant-Major, because his father had
been a sergeant-major in the First World War. 11. I followed her up the narrow stairs and
into the front bedroom. This room had changed. 12. It turned out that he had never been
in Europe before, although making the trip had been a lifes dream with him. 13. She
seemed afraid to take the chair Id offered her. 14. His clothes were well-kept, but had
seen far better days. 15. Mr. OMadden Burke said it was the most scandalous
exhibition he had ever witnessed. 16. Things were as she had suspected: she had been
frank in her questions and Polly had been frank in her answers. 17. He had been a
blacksmith, a trader, a planter, and at one time fairly well-to-do; but, ruined by the great
hurricane of the nineties, he had now nothing to live on but a small plantation of
coconut trees. 18. When Fitz-Norman had been dead three years his son, Braddock,
decided that the business had gone far enough. 19. Seward was no longer the
abolitionist he had once been. 20. The burglars had opened a lot but had thrown more
unopened on the floor. they must, I thought, have had a most frustrating time. 21. And
Sabin asked him about some conclusions he had reached on some cheques which had
been given him. 22. When Tom had gone and we were left alone together, he said: Are
you applying, Joe? 23. I was shocked by the sight of her face. All the color had faded
away from it. 24. I began to realize that there must be something very wrong indeed
somewhere. I had never seen Ackroyd so upset before. 25. I had scarcely stepped from

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my wooden bed of horror upon the stone floor of the prison, when the motion of the
hellish machine ceased. 26. By this time the attendant had found a doctor in the thirdclass coach. 27. His mam hadnt even seen the girl, and that was what made it worse,
she shouted. 28. Id just taken a pack of letters into a grocers and, coming out, saw the
fishing boat picture in the next-door pawnshop window, the one Id given Kathy a few
days ago. 29. Id had an idea before she went that our time as man and wife was about
up, because one day we had the worst fight of them all. 30. He picked up the glass,
moved away a little, and drank it. Not quickly. Quite slowly. It tasted much the same as
it had tasted before. 31. Kitty had stopped laughing. Her eyes, unblinking, enormous,
very blue, were on his face. 32. I asked Rogers this morning what this Miss Brady had
suffered from. 33. All the afternoon Jesse had been in a meditative mood and now he
began to talk.
Exercise 2.
Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in the Past Perfect.
1. Mr. Dale (to be) out of work for about six months and the family was in despair. 2.
Grandma remembered thins she (to see) long ago. 3. It was two weeks since (to leave)
him to go to Yorkshire. In that time he (to shed) at least fourteen pounds and (to age) ten
years. 4. Isabel looked down at the hand which still bone the ring Edward (to give) her
on their betrothal. 5. He didnt ask her where she (to be). 6. The prices were a great deal
higher than I (to anticipate). 7. Julia, who (to go) half-way down one flight, came back.
8. They pass the time on, I replied, striking a match because my pipe (to go out). 9. It
was the dressing-table she (to hanker after) for donkeys years and never (to have). 10.
Mrs. Grange, in the same blue dress she (to wear) the day before, her hair as untidy,
appeared strangely excited. 11. This is the man who didnt know whether he could
swim, because he never (to try). 12. It was morning and (to be) morning for some time
and he heard the plane. 13. When George Willard got back into Main Street it was past
ten oclock and (to begin) to rain. 14. His friend asked him to tell how the accident (to
happen). 15. The noise in the auditorium (to rise) to a clamor when Mr. Fizpatrick burst
into the room, followed by Mr. Holohan, who was panting. 16. His eyes moved to the
chair over which she (to throw) some of her clothes. 17. A few light taps upon the pane
made him turn to the window. It (to begin) to snow again. 18. The rain (to cease) by the

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time Drakes operative pulled the car to a stop and entered the general store and post
office. 19. Now that she (to fall) to him so easily, he wondered why he (to be) so
diffident. 20 her lips were smiling as Soames, first possessor of them, never (to see)
them smile. 21. And yet Annete, as a young girl, when he was hanging about her, once
(to have) a flowery look. Well, she (to lose) it now! 22. He just (to begin) to sip his
chocolate, and merely said Slong as she gathered up her gloves and muff and they
went out of the shop. 23. The music stopped. She (to switch off) her transistor. 24. She
showed him a chair that she (to make) from a barrel sawn in two. 25. He told them he
was wiser now, and repented of all he (to do). 26. The room was almost the same A
calm pretty insipid place. I (to create) that room years and years and years ago. I (to
weep) in it. I (to scream) in it. 27. On the other side was the young man whom Appleby
lately (to see) drive up to the house; it was apparent that he (to be) in the hall for only a
couple of minutes. 28. Coming into the Lounge from the far end, he at once saw Fleur
where he (to leave) her. 29. He hurried away, leaving me wondering. Ralph in London?
But he certainly (to be) in Kings Abbot the preceding afternoon. 30. but he (not to
go) forty yards in the direction of Piccadilly when Hollys shy face, and her eyes with
an imp dancing in their gravity, came up before him.
Exercise 3.
Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in the Past Perfect.
1. The inspector looked at the butler with rather closer attention than he (to bestow)
on him up to now. 2. Soames! He (to keep) that name out of his thoughts these last two
years; conscious that it was bad for him. 3. The information he (to ask for) reached him
three days late. 4. Eugene was unhappy because he just (to have) a quarrel with his son.
5. My thought returned again and again to the mystery of Mrs. Ferrarss death. She (to
take) her own life? 6. When he (to go), they sighed with relief. 7. Ackroyd was sitting as
I (to leave) him in the armchair before the fire. His head (to fall() sideways. 8. I took a
look, but, truth to tell was very little wiser when I (to do) so. 9. We (to be) there about
an hour when two girls passed us, followed by two youths. 10. I just (to reach) the top
when the telephone rang in the hall below. 11. He liked the car, because you see he (to
save) so long to buy it. 12. Sidneys eyes were filmy when I told him what (to happen).
13. He read them a proclamation that he (to compose), which announced that General

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Forrest (to reorganize) the shattered Southern armies and (to defeat) the North in one
pitched battle. 14. It was apparent that something portentous (to occur). 15. All the
stories of ghosts and witches he (to hear) that evening were fresh in his memory. 16. Mr.
Waddington eyes him in a manner that convinced him that he (to say) the wrong thing.
17. When he awoke he knew that several hours (to pass). 18. Only now, glowing with a
good health that he (to experience) for years, did he discover his true reaction. 19. They
sat down to finish the food which Jasmine (to bring) with her in a basket. 20. We went
through the door, and into the big, pretty, faded bedroom, where Mrs. Farquhar (to
sleep) since coming to Lachlan as a bride. 21. He was more handsome at fifty than he
(to be) at twenty-five. 22. Henry Babcock was an uncomplicated man, who, very likely,
never (to sit) in a witness box before in his life. 23. At last I pinpointed the absence of
the bronze water-buffalo lady, one of my favorite pieces and recalled with annoyance
that I (to give) it to Julian. How that (to happen)? This too was a portent. 24. On this
other matter, I didnt tell a soul until last night. Mrs. Sabin (to browbeat) me into
silence. 25. If he asked where she was Brevald told him she (to go) to spend the evening
with one or other of her friends. 26. Perhaps she would never see again those familiar
objects from which she never 9to dream) of being divided. 27. The baby was asleep,
tucked into a white pillow. She (to lay) it on the floor in the big drawing room. 28. Tom
Willard was ambitious for his son. He always (to think) of himself as a successful man,
although nothing he ever (to do) (to turn out) successfully. 29. I pulled out the map of
Australia I (to acquire) on the flight from England. 30. Maigret, who (to work) late the
previous evening on a case of drug-smuggling, (not to reach) his office until eleven
oclock.
Exercise 4.
Read and translate these sentences into Georgian paying special attention to the
conjunctions.
1. They had hardly settled in their new homes when fresh trouble came to them. 2.
But no sooner had she been greeted by Lucy and put on the kettle than the back door
opened, a voice said, Granny, and it was Christabel herself. 3. I had hardly read more
than the first three chapters when my attention was diverted by a conversation going on
in the front of the store. 4. She had scarcely taken ten steps when she was suddenly

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struck with recognition of who he was. 5. No sooner had love entered Guidos heart
than he determined to do some great feat of emprise or adventure. 6. You know he was
sick, and hardly had he got better than he began doing everything again. 7. They had no
sooner sat down to table than he went straight to the point. 8. He had barely waited for a
quarter of an hour when the appearance of a number of women in groups apprised him
that the moment was come. 9. and yet no sooner had I spoken than you turned his
passing into evidence of universal decay and death. 10. But he had scarcely appeared
when Edward, looking up, caught sight of him, and gave a joyful cry of surprise. 11.
Hardly had he sat down when Mahony, catching sight of the cat which had escaped him,
sprang up and pursued her across the field. 12. It was a savage, unreliable animal;
hardly had it entered the house when it attacked one of Sir Hercules favorite pugs. 13.
They had no sooner got into her room than she turned to him, flung her arms round his
neck, and kissed him full on the lips. 14. Hardly had she brought one gentleman into the
little pantry behind the office on the ground floor and helped him off with his overcoat,
than the wheezy hall door bell changed again and she had to scamper along the bare
hallway to let in another guest. 15. I had hardly started the Lords Prayer with Miriam
kneeling beside me when a verger, white to the lips, came up and kissed me. 16. He had
no sooner got back to Batu from one or other of the islands than he had to set off again.
17. He had barely lit a cigarette when the general followed by his A.D.C. came into the
patio. 18. No sooner had love entered Guidos heart than he determined to do some
great feat of emprise or adventure. 19 He had hardly been introduced to Mrs.
Dersingham before the Pearsons came in, breathless and smiling. 20. I had scarcely
started before a man came up to me and asked me if he was right in thinking my name
was so-and-so.
Exercise 5.
Make up sentences from the parts given below. Use the conjunctions hardly
when / before, just when, barely when / before, scarcely when / before, no
sooner than / before.
1. The snow (thaw out); the first swallows (to appear). 2. The new president (to
come) into power; he (to issue) a new law against the drug addicts. The police (to come)
to the scene of crime; the burglars (to rush) for the door. 4. They (to go); Aunt Julia (to

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wander) slowly into the room looking behind her at something. 5. I (to be) there five
minutes; Mrs. Thompson (to come in) with the coffee. 6. The clock (to finish) striking; a
young man together with a young girl (to enter) the shop. 7. David (to launch) into the
complexities of arricio, intonaco, sinopie and the rest; Breasley (to interrupt). 8. We (to
take) our seats; he (to come) over. 9. He (to utter) three words: it (to strike) him that the
girl resented his interference. 10. I (to set foot) in Paris; I (to have) fresh evidence of the
detestable interest taken by this Wilson in my concerns. 11. I (to raise) the glass to my
lips; an all too familiar voice (to greet) me. 12. I (to start) to hope I would not have time
to think about things; I (to hear) a third sound, (to turn) my head and (to see) Diana
approaching on foot. 13. She (to sob); I (to hear) voices without. 14. I smiled again; but
I (to do) so; my spirits (to fall). 15. She (to go); she (to understand) she was touchy. 16.
She (to set foot) on the staircase; he (to thrust) both legs out of bed and (to rush),
barefooted, to fetch his tobacco pouch. 17. I (to drop) my head back into its original
position; there (to flash) upon my mind he was hiding something. 18. He (to disappear)
in the mist; there (to dart) after him a huge beast, with open mouth and glaring eyes. 19.
His other hand went inside his coat too fast to watch; it (to disappear); the other pistol
(to flick out). 20. The butler (to announce) her; she (to appear) at the door. 21. Mr.
Dendy (to buy) a rope; he (to go) to the ironmongers and (to purchase) a bucket. 22.
The students (to assemble) in the hall, the Dean (to announce) the results of the
Olympiad. 23. He (to take) off his glasses; I (to recognize) him. 24. He (to buy) a car; he
(to take) us all for a drive. 25. He (to sit down); Mahony (to spring up) and (to pursue)
the cat across the field.
Exercise 6.
Make up sentences from the parts given below. Use the conjunctions hardly
when / before, scarcely when / before, no sooner than / before, just when,
barely when / before.
1. She (to open) the door; the children (to run) to her. 2. The snow (to cover) the
ground; mey son (to rush out) into the yard. She (to lay) her head on the pillow; she (to
fall asleep). 4. The film (to begin); the light (to go out). 5. this author (to publish) one
book; she (to publish) another. 6. We (to utter) a word. They (to burst) into tears. 7. We
(to see off() one guest. Another guest (to appear). 8. We (to take) our seats in the stalls.

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The curtain (to rise). 9. Nick (to buy) a car. he (to take) us for a drive to the lake. 10.
The singer (to finish) the first song. The audience (to burst) into applause. 11. He (to
receive) his salary. He (to invite) his friends to the restaurant. 12. The first lecture (to
finish). There (to be) a bell for the second lecture. 13. He (to drink) two glasses of wine.
the wine (to get) to his head. 14. They (to get married). He (to get entangled) in a new
liaison. 15. He (to arrive) in London. He (to send) a telegram to his girl-friend. 16. We
(to drink) a glass of wine. The waiter (to fill) it. 17. The Browns (to build) a new house.
They (to arrange) a housewarming party. 18. The day (to break). The tourists (to set off)
for the castle. 19. They (to open) the window. The sick man (to feel) better. 20. Pete (to
divorce) his first wife. He (to marry) another. 21. The wounded man (to come round).
He (to ask) for a glass of water. 22. She (to appear) at the ball. A throng of worshippers
(to surround) her. 23. The rain (to stop). The children (to run) out into the yard. 24. My
son is a real bookworm. He (to read) the book, which he took from the library. He (to
go) there for another.
Exercise 7.
Complete the sentences supplying the missing posts.
1. No sooner had the teacher entered the classroom 2. Hardly had he taken the
medicine 3. when the actress took off the make-up. 4. when we took a bath. 5.
Scarcely had the children fallen asleep 6. She had scarcely gone in 7. than Annie
caught sight of her old classmate. 8. Hardly had I made a few steps 9. Scarcely had
Mother laid the table 10. No sooner had the water boiled 11. Hardly had I rung the
bell 12. than I heard a strange laugh. 13. Scarcely had the traffic lights turned red
14. The proprietor had hardly opened the shop 15. No sooner had I woken up 16.
when the actress was smothered with flowers. 17. No sooner had the lights gone
out 18. He had hardly put out one cigarette 19. Scarcely had the train start... 20.
than we heard a loud knock on the door. 21. than he had to set off again. 22. when
he thrust both legs out of bed and rushed to fetch his tobacco pouch. 23. No sooner had
love entered his heart 24. when Mrs. Thompson came in with the coffee. 25. The
clock had hardly finished striking 26. I had scarcely started
Exercise 8.

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Complete the sentences supplying the missing parts.

1. We had no sooner run out of potatoes 2. He had barely lit a cigarette 3. We
had hardly introduced Nellie to our friends 4. than a multitude of invitations
followed. 5. when they turned on the central heating. 6. when the first swallows
flew back. 7. Hardly had he graduated from the University 8. No sooner had the
passengers boarded the train 9. than he recognized the burglar. 10. when a
thunder storm broke. 11. Scarcely had t grown dark 12. No sooner had the captain
returned from his long voyage 13. Hardly than the birds flown back 14. before I
pulled myself together. 15. when the crowd broke up. 16. Scarcely had the conditions
of the competition come out 17. Ho sooner had the wrestler broken the world
record 18. They had hardly gone 19. before a man came up to me. 20. Barely
had she set foot on the staircase 21. I had hardly been there five minutes 22.
before he came over. 23. when Aunt Julia wandered slowly into the room. 24. Mr.
Dendy had no sooner bought a house 25. She had scarcely done so 26. Hardly had
we assembled
Exercise 9.
Use the Past Perfect or the Past Indefinite Tense instead of the infinitives in bracket.
1. Mrs. George (to ask) me to look in and see him. With the simplicity of a country
woman who never (to be) further from her home than London, she (to think) that
because we both (to be) in China we must have something in common. Of course I (to
accept). 2. A few later, meeting him again, she (to notice) that something (to trouble)
him. They (to be) much together since Edward (to leave) Chicago. 3. He (to write) to
her by every mail since then, twenty-four letters in all, for the mail (to go) but once a
month, and his letters (to be) all that a lovers letters should be. 4. He (to be) about
twenty-six years of age, with a soft, light-brown moustache and rather innocent-looking
gray eyes. His father, who (to begin) life as an advanced Nationalist, (to modify) his
views early. 5. Villona (to be) in good humor because he (to have) a very satisfactory
luncheon; and, besides, he (to be) an optimist by nature. 6. Jimmy (to have) a respect for
his fathers shrewdness in business matters, and in this case it (to be) father who first (to
suggest) the investment. 7. She (to consent) to go away, to leave her home. Was that

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wise? She (to try) to weigh each side of the question. In her home anyway she (to have)
shelter and food; she (to have) those whom she (to know) all her life about her. 8.
Winter (to tell) me something about him. Captain Butter (to spend) all his life on the
Pacific. He (to be) in much better circumstances than he was now, for he (to be) first
officer and then captain of a passenger boat plying along the coast of California, but he
(to lose) his ship and a number of passengers (to be) drowned. 9. He (to be) a jolly soul,
and the tragic experience he (to go) through (to seem) to have left him unscarred. 10. I
(to sit up) on the coping of the bridge, admiring my frail canvas shoes which I diligently
(to pipeclay) overnight and watching the docile horses pulling a tramload of business
people up the hill. 11. The cat (to escape) once more and Mahony (to begin) to throw
stones at the wall she (to escalade). 12. He (to run) as if to bring me aid. And I (to be)
penitent; for in my heart I always (to despise) him a little. 13. As I (to walk) along in the
sun I (to remember) old Cotters words and (to try) to remember what (to happen)
afterwards in the dreams. 14. His questions (to show) me how complex and mysterious
(to be) certain institutions of the Church which I always (to regard) as the simplest acts.
15. I (to wonder) at this for, as my uncle (to say) the night before, he (to teach) me a
great deal. He (to study) in the Irish college in Rome and he (to teach) me to pronounce
Latin property. 16. He never (to be) in Corlesss, but he (to know) the value of the name.
He (to know) that people (to go) there after the theatre to eat oysters and drink liqueurs;
and he (to hear) that the waiters there (to speak) French and German. 17. He (to tell)
Waid the telephone here (to go) dead so he (to have) to go to a pay station. He (not to
say) where, and Waid (not to think) to ask him. 18. You (to ask) her if she ever (to see)
the gun before, and she (to say) she She (to say) husband and (to buy) some shells for
it; that she (to give) him the gun and shells on Saturday, the third of September. 19. He
(to leave) his fish in the creel, intending to put them in the ice-box as soon as he (to
wash) them. 20. Although for years she (to hate) her husband, her hatred (to be) always
before a quite impersonal thing. He (to be) merely a part of something else that she (to
hate). 21. I (to go) directly to the bankers to whom Mr. Sabin (to direct) me, and also to
the firm of solicitors who represented Mr. Sabin in New York. 22. Why you (to go)
in? Luther (not to see) me since we (to be) kids and we (to get) to talking. He (to say)
he (to book) your passage on the Elizabeth and now he (to have) another for Mr. Payson
and Fred just (to pay) for it 23. When he (to come) home from Cleveland where he
(to be) in school, he (to shut) himself off from all of his people and (to begin) to make

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plans. 24. He (to light) the pipe he recently (to learn) to smoke. 25. Lawson (to know)
the pool the doctor (to speak of), and suddenly it (to occur) to him that in a way it (to
be) just like that pool at Upolu where Ethel (to be) in the habit of bathing every evening.
26. He (to be) vexed that Ethel (to say) nothing to him about the excursion, but he (not
to be) disturbed, since of late she (to be) in now and again to Aberdeen. 27. But in a day
or two he (to set) about looking for a job. He (to know) that he could not hope for such a
position as that, which he (to throw away) to go to England. 28. Then he (to pour) some
tea and (to look) round for the letters... Annabel (to have) them under the bedclothes.
She (to be) quick to conceal them on the entrance of the nurse. Now she (to bring) them
out again. 29. Annabel (to forget) his name. Billy immediately (to introduce) him as
Kurt. 30. Billy said he (to see) Frederick at about six. Frederick (to be) suddenly in a
hurry about some business he (to have) to see to, but (to tell) him about the party. 31. It
(to be) impossible to explain afterwards, why she (not to send) them all packing. She
(not to be) sure, herself, how it was that the whole event (to happen) beyond her control.
32. Just touching sixty, he (to represent) a strange figure of man; one who (to wring)
from life all that it (to offer) in the way of material success; a man who literally (to
have) more money than he (to know) what to do with it. Some of this money he (to
establish) in trust funds, but for the most part he (not to believe) in philanthropy. 33.
They both (to know) her when she (to be) a child and they long-legged boys, but for two
years she (to be) in Europe to finish her education and it (to be) with a surprised delight
that they (to renew) acquaintance with the lovely girl who )to return).
Exercise 10.
Use the Past Perfect or the Past Indefinite Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. Doctor Reefy (to be) a tall man, who (to wear) one suit of clothes for ten years. 2.
One evening I (to go) into the back drawing room in which the priest (to die). 3. He (to
remember) the look that (to lurk) in the girls eyes when they (to meet) on the streets
and (to think) of the note she (to write). 4. Then the mother, who (not to be well) for a
year, (to die) suddenly, and the father (to become) altogether discouraged. 5. I (to sit
down) on the bed and (not to move); I dont know how long I (to be) there when my
mother (to come) in. 6. They (to intend) to hang the schoolmaster, but something in his
finger, so small, white and pitiful, (to touch) their heats and they (to let) him escape. 7.

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Annabel (to be) still a little slip of a thing, but her face (to change), as if by action of
many famous cameras, into a mould of her public figuration. 8. A kind of terror he never
(to know) before (to take possession) of David. 9. He (to think) of the past, and of his
hopes, and he (to be) aghast at what he (to do). 10. Home! She (to look) round the room,
reviewing all its familiar objects which she (to dust) a week for so many years,
wondering where on earth all the dust (to come) from. 11. We (to follow) him with our
eyes and (to see) that when he (to go) on for perhaps fifty paces he (to turn) about and
(to begin) to return his steps. 12. Poor George, only a year older than his scapegrace
brother, (to look) sixty. He never (to take) more than a fortnights holiday in the year for
a quarter of a century. 13. It seemed most likely that Wexford or Greene (to telephone)
from Melbourne and (to tell) Harley Renbo to be on his guard in case I (to turn up). 14.
The rain (to stop) by the morning. Tom (to awake) late and (to come) downstairs to find
a plate of bacon and eggs kept warm in the over. 15. Parker (to scratch) his heavy beard.
He (to shave) that morning, but five oclock shadow (to come) at an earlier hour for
him, so that he always (to look) somewhat unkempt. 16. At last, one gloomy evening, I
(to find) on opening his bundle that he (to buy) a stock of celluloids, and heart (to tell)
me that she (to abandon) him forever. 17. The nurse (to go) off duty and the baby (to lie)
beside Annabel, waving his arms and giving sleepy shouts that sometimes (to end) in a
yawn. 18. He (to be) honest, industrious and worthy. He (to have) a good wife, to whom
he never (to be) unfaithful even in thought, and four daughters, to whom he (to be) the
best of father. 19. The notes upon his cuffs which (to be) so copious at his earlier
examinations (to be) limited now to a few hints. 20. When he (to teach) them what they
(to wish) to know they (to tend) to forget that he (to play) a part in their lives. 21. She
(to stand up), smoothing down her skirts as Mabel (to do), and Tom (to take) her hand.
22. She (to be) not quite certain that the Edward who (to write) to her now (to be) the
same Edward that she (to know). 23. I never (to be) in love before and it (to have) the
affect of making me, not dreamy, but intensely perceptive. 24. He (to walk) at ten
months, and before his second year was out he (to learn) to speak a number of words.
25. The next mail (to come), and Bateman (to bring) Isabel the letter he just (to receive).
26. She (to tell) him all, that she (to make) a clean breast of it to her mother and that her
mother would speak with him that morning. 27. There was a calabash hanging on the
wall. It was the very calabash I (to see) when I )to come) into the cabin and which we
(to talk) about. 28. She (to give) him money and (to open) the door for him. He (to

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slide) out as silently as he (to come in). 29. The voice that (to be) low and trembling (to
become) shrill and loud. 30. It was when Lawson first (to hold) the child in his arms that
a sudden pang (to shoot) through his heart. He (not to expect) it to be so dark. 31. Lena
(to inform) them that the doctor (to recommend) her to drink burgundy at luncheon and
champagne at dinner. 32. Every day Nox (to black) Yarabys boots, (to tidy) his books
and (to help) to wash up the dishes from which Yaraby (to eat). 33. He just (to reach) the
elevator when he (to hear) a door open and close with a violent bang. 34. Just as I (to
do) six years before, when she first (to come) to see me I (to dust) the picture, (to wrap)
it up carefully in several layers of frown paper, (to lie) it with post-office string and (to
give) it to her. She (to seem) happy with it under her arm.] 35. I (to know) her for over
twenty years, almost as long as I (to know) Arnold, yet at the time that I speak of I, as I
later (to realize), (not to know) really her well.
Exercise 11.
Use the Past Perfect or the Past Indefinite Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. When she (to go) I (to begin) to walk up and down the room, clenching my fists. 2.
There (to be) part of a folk in my bun, said Mr Sole when he (to pass) from his hosts
earshot. 3. Brush (to feel) he never (to see) so many beautiful quiet girls in one place
before. 4. My heart (to sink). I (to see) them [the asparagus] in the shop and I (to know)
that they (to be) horribly expensive. My mouth often (to water) at the sight of them. 5. I
(to wonder) what (to happen) during these ten years to make her talk so sadly about the
picture. 6. They (to post) their letters on the way and discussed the lunch they recently
(to eat). 7. Amanda (to wear) a canary-yellow caftan, which he (to buy) her on their
honeymoon in New York. 8. When they (to finish) the picnic they (to go) indoors and all
through the house, room by room. 9. His precious bag of golf clubs still (to lie) where
he (to drop) it, but he (to shove) it out of the way with his foot and (to leave) it. 10. I (to
find) two intact glasses, but all the drink (to go). 11. Brush (to call) in the evening on a
family, the Greggs whom he (to meet) on a previous trip. 12. She (to undress) and (to go
back) to bed, and (to say) she (to be) sorry she (to make) such a scene. 13. Tom Willard
(to have) a passion for village politics and for years (to be) the leading Democrat in a
strongly Republican community. 14. The moment he (to buy) the farm, Bert (to feel)
free. 15. He (to feel) how useless it was to struggle against fortune, this being the

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burden of wisdom which the ages (to bequeath) to him. 16. He (not to be) out of his bed
for more than a fortnight and really (to feel) too weak to get up and go to the doctor. He
(to send) a message asking him to come on board. 17. Naturally, I (not to want) any of
them to know I (not to see) him for so long. 18. Lawson )to remember) that he once (to
be) captain of a schooner engaged in the slave trade, a blackbirder they call it in the
Pacific. 19. Every night when he (to go bed) she (to go) into his room and (to sit) on the
floor until he (to fall asleep). 20. His conduct throughout the examination (to bear)
witness to the moral development which (to take place) in his character during his
career as an undergraduate. 21. He (to be) extremely indignant at the scene he just (to
witness), and to himself he (to speak) his thought with vigor. 23. When his pupil (to go)
Mr. Nox (to cook) chops for his lunch. 24. And that was that. She (to give) me the best
kiss I ever (to have), and then we (to go) into the wood. 25. And Rory (to wear) his kilt
and an old khaki shirt that (to belong) to his father, and (to show) me the steps and (to
spin) me till I (to be) breathless. 26. Astounded she (to be) before: this time, pole-axed.
Before, she (to be) incredulous and angry. This time, incredulous and frightened. 27.
There (to be) holes in the toes of his socks, but she (not to let on) that she (to notice)
this. 28. The controlling switch (to be) in my office and we almost (to reach) it when
Mr. Smiths voice (to come) again. 29. This (to be) news to me; I (not to hear) of it. It
(not to be) until Waid (to tell) me that I (to know) anything about it. 30. Well, me (to sit
down) and (to talk), and she (to till) me all about her romance, and about everything
which (to happen). 31. Madame Philipot, whom I (to meet) once at some embassy
reception, (to stand) in front of the hearse and (to defy) the driver to turn. 32. She (to
describe) to Mrs. Ross how the old mans eyes (to fill) with tears when she (to tell) him
that. 33. Guido and Isolde, though they never (to meet), (to cherish) each the features of
the other. 34. Now listen to this, and I (to tell) him what yearly for twenty-five years
(to declare) that never they (to witness) such a storm. 36. Scraps of poetry, half
forgotten, (to float) across his memory, and vague recollections of the Greece he
negligently (to study) n his school days. 37. Remembering with difficulty why I (to
come), I (to go) over one of the stalls and to examine porcelain vases and flowered teasets.
Exercise 12.
Use the Past Perfect or Past Indefinite Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets.

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1. Eddie (to sit) down in a chair. He (to look) down at the floor, understanding why
Arline (to pick) this particular afternoon. 2. Then I (to stop), feeling that I (to make) a
fool of myself. 3. I (to leave) with a pleasant sense of having performed a duty, but also
rather thankful that nothing (to come) of it. 4. Then, in the flatness that (to follow) her
outburst, she (to see) him plenty and she (to know) he somehow )to arrive) at control
over the situation. 5. With each remark the force of her dislike (to become) more and
more apparent. She (to build up) all her fear of life into one wall and (to face) it towards
him. 6. He (to boast), that his weight (not to change) since he (to be) twenty, and for
years, wet or fine, he (to get up) every morning at eight to put on shorts and a sweater
and have a run round Regents Park. 7. The room (to remind) her very much of some of
the lodgings she (to live) in when she (to be) first on the stage. 8. I (not to want) to go
to bed till I (to see) you, she said as she (to fold) Julia in her arms. 9. But she (to wake)
early next morning at six, and (to begin) to think of Tom. She (to repeat) to herself all
she (to say) to him and all he (to say) to her. 10. When the two (to leave), Major
Yoppolo (to open) his brief-case and (to take) out some papers. 11. Susan (to deny)
absolutely that she (to scatter) empty cans and pizza boxes around Kens front garden.
But in the end, Mrs. Hay (to have) to eat humble pie. 12. Weasal (to give) me the tenpound note he (to keep back) from the first shop he (to raid) and (to send) me out for a
pizza. 13. The next time I (to go) to her I was toed that she (to leave) town. 14. The man
who (to come in) (to be) the same violent person who (to attack) me in the street. He
(not to look) pleased when he (to see) me. 15. If he (not to come) home, if he (not to
answer) the ministers letter, there (to be) probably some very good reason. 16. As he (to
walk) about his flat, seeing to his needs, he (to feel) that he never (to be) young; that his
life (to be) a mere preparation for the state he now (to find) himself in 17. He (to
have) four native wives and, as he (to tell) you with a cracked chuckle, more children
than he could count. But some (to die) and some (to go) out into the world, so that now
the only one left at home (to be) Ethel. 18. I (to be) amused to see that she (to put on)
her best silk dress, while her son and his wife (to sit) at the table with their children. 19.
His face (to be) wrinkled and yellow and he (to lose) nearly all his teeth. 20. He (not to
speak) for live minutes, perhaps when he (to break out) with words that (to startle) me
by their intensity. 21. It (to be) strange to look at them, these two old people who (not to
see) one another for half a century, and to think that all that long time ago he (to have)

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her and she (to love) another. 22. I (to wonder) if they (to remember) what they (to feel)
them and what they (to say) to one another. 23. When he (to come) into the lounge of
the hotel the sudden silence which (to fall) upon the company (to convince) him that he
(to be) the subject of the conversation. 24. We (to talk on), sharing memories, until the
clock (to strike) five. I could not believe the hour (to pass) so swiftly. 25. He (to see),
when he (to arrive) in the apartment, that Marion (to accept) the inevitable. 26. The
whistle (to rouse) the dog again, whom he (to forget). Down you fool, he (to rasp),
clouting the spaniels head. 27. Hullo, hullo, said Major Torrill, and the music (to
begin) on the wireless, and Mr. Sole and Mr. Cridley (to rise) to go, as they (to do)
every day, as they (to do) for two and a half years. 28. Bit by bit she (to reconstruct) the
romance for the jury, and the shock which she (to experience) when she (to learn) of the
tragic aftermath. 29. It all (to begin) long ago when he and Edward Barnard, still at
college, (to meet) Isabel Longstaffe at the tea-party given to introduce her to society. 30.
And a few days later I (to meet) his wife. I (to know) they (to be married) for five or six
years, and I (to be) surprised to see that she was still extremely young. 31. He (not to
regret) London then, not the life he (to abandon), for life as it was (to seem) complete
and exquisite. 32. It (to be) after nine oclock when he (to leave) the shop. The night (to
be) cold and gloomy. He (to enter) the Park by the first gate and (to walk) along under
the gaunt trees. He (to walk) through the bleak alleys where they (to walk) four years
before. She (to seem) to be near him in the darkness. At moments he seemed to feel her
voice touch his ear, her hand touch his. He (to stand) still to listen. Why he (to withhold)
life from her? Why he (to sentence) her to death? He (to feel) his moral nature falling to
pieces. 33. He (to find) Norahs brisk sensibleness of an old Fabian radical a bit bleak at
times. The cleancut rational world for which she (to campaign) (not to materialize), and
she never (to come) to terms with the more bewildering world that really (to exist). 34. I
(to find) a note from Rachel waiting, and Rachel herself (to come) early, very early,
soon after I (to arrive), to tell me what (to happen): how Priscilla (to become) upset,
how Christian (to telephone), how Arnold (to come), how Francis (to come). 35. Once
he (to regain) her side he hardly (to leave) it, through he never (to speak) at all he was
too busy listening, while his small steely hand (to grasp) hers, like one half of a
handcuff. I (to meet) my real rival. She (to tell) me when we next (to meet) that he (to
ask) a great many questions about me. 36. Rooney (to admit) he (to make) an
investigation for Celinda, but (not to say) anything about the picture. He (to intimate)

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Belle (to let drop) some remark which (to give) Celinda a clue she (to graduate) from
U.S.C. 37. Annabel (to reflect) on this, when the neighbors (to go), following the
departure of the press. She (to feel) she (to arrange) things well in the emergency. Her
stroke of good fortune was that Kurt, that blond, hostile journalist who (to come) to the
party, was not present. 38. She (to remember), then, that this was in fact what she (to
say) at the news conference, over and over again, to the obvious approval of the
neighbors, and (to be) relived that in the stress of the nights happenings she finally (not
to lose) her head. 39. He (to sit down) at the table where she (to lay) a place with the
stainless steel knives and forks she (to bring) to the house for a start, and (to place) the
script on the table beside him. 40. The whole of the day they once (to mention) what (to
happen), any of them. 41. One summer holidays about three years later Ferdinando (to
return) to Crome accompanied by a very large mastiff dog. He (to buy) it from an old
man at Windson who (to find) the beast to expensive to feed.
Exercise 13.
Use the Past Perfect or the Past Indefinite Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. She (to remember) when they first (to meet) and the memory (to remind) her of
how much she (to love) her husband. How much he (to love) her. 2. Well, I (to have) a
real job finding out what (to happen) but anyway they finally (to say) it (to be) a flash
fine, whatever that is, but they (not to know) what (to start) it, because there (to be)
none in the house for two days. 3. She (to be) the same age as the woman I (to know) in
Monte Carlo, but time (to reverse) our ages. The first woman (to be) old enough to be
my mother, And now I (to be) old enough (to be) this strangers father. 4. And a very
special turn it (to prove) to be, for Mr. Fernandez (to break) as suddenly into tears as
Mr. Baxter (to break) into the trembles. He (to drink) too much champagne? Or he (to
be moved) genuinely by Mr. Baxters recitation? 5. By the time I (to disentangle)
myself, he (to vanish) from sight. I (to run) through several halls and passages, but
couldnt find him. 6. The (to sleep) well and they (to eat) with appetite the grapefruit,
the toast and the marmalade. They (to accept) coffee and even (to praise) its quality. 7.
Mr. and Mrs. Smith (to come) down to breakfast on the verandah. It was almost the first
time I (to see) him without a rug over his arm. 8. Two policemen (to come), (to listen),
(to take) notes, and (to depart). Very non-committal. Nothing like that (to happen)

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before. 9. What (to be) his complexion? Pale or ruddy? He (to look) like some sort of
a rancher, the man said. He (to be) out of doors quite a bit, I think. 10. He (to walk)
directly across the strip of dry grass which evidently (to be) a lawn at one time, until
lack of care and the long Southern California dry spell (to force) it to give up the
struggle for existence. 11. She (to smile). She always (to like) Sam. For ten years he (to
be) tenant farmer at Shadwell, and she (to watch) him, by sheer determination and
plodding hard work, turn what (to be) a neglected, run-down property, into a viable
proposition. 12. He thought back. That Sunday when she (to go) to have lunch with her
parents and (to have) a left home. Who (to bring) her? Julian never (to get around) to
asking, but now he (to know) that it (to be) Guy Hanthorpe. 13. She (to consent) to go
away, to leave her home (to be) that wise? She (to try) to weigh each side of the
question. In her home anyway she (to have) shelter and food; she (to have) those whom
she (to know) all her life about her. 14. The Macphails (to know) already that Davidson
(to work) in the Solomons for five years before he (to meet) his wife. She (to be) a
missionary in China, and they (to become) acquainted in Boston 15. He (to have)
tales of distant countries. He (to start) as a deck boy at a pound a month on a ship of the
Allan Line going out to Canada. He (to sail) her the names of the ship he (to be) on and
the names of the Straits of Magellan and he (to tell) her stories of the terrible
Patagonians. He (to fall) on his beet in Buenos Ayres, he (to say), and (to come) over to
the old country just for a holiday. Of coarse, her father (to find out) the affair and (to
forbid) her to have anything to say to him. 16. Macphail (to catch a glimpse) of her that
morning and it (to strike) him that her arrogant expression (to change). There was in her
face a hunted look. The half-castle (to give) him a sidelong glance. 17. When she (to
settle) the baby she (to start) looking about to see if Frederick (to arrive). She (to say) to
one man, You (to see) my husband? 18. The old personal charm (to be) still there
under his new gaudy manner. And, after all, Gallaher (to live), he (to see) the world.
Little Chandler (to look) at his friend enviously. 19. As a young man he (to sow) his
wild oats, of course; he (to boast) of his free thinking and (to deny) the existence of God
to his companions in public houses. But all that (to be) passed and done with. 20. He
(not to be) a timid man and he (to recover) already from the shock her words, and still
more her vehement, silent manner, (to give) him. Once more a smile (to flicker) in his
eyes. 21. Im not in love with her as I was in love with Isabel. I (to worship) Isabel. I
(to think) she (to be) the most wonderful creature I ever (to see). 22. I (to think)

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something (to be wrong). I (to think) you (not to succeed) in what you (to see out) to do
and (to be ashamed) to come back when you (to fail). 23. Meaning to take Edward by
surprise he (not to cable) to announce his arrival, and when at last he (to land) at Tahiti
he (to allow) a youth, who said he (to be) the son of the house, to lead him to the Hotel
de la Fleur. 24. She (to tell) of man who (to enter) the library, marking her acquaintance,
an acquaintance which (to ripen) into friendship, and then into love. 25. Nicky (to be)
dashed. His father particularly (to advise) him not to lend anyone money. What a silly
thing to do! And to somebody he never (to see) in his life. 26. Mason (to nod), (to wait)
until his visitor (to seat) himself in the overstuffed, black leather chair. 27. Why you (to
tell) the captain you (not to be) on deck? Because I (to feel) certain that Carl (to jump)
overboard and I (not to want) to be mixed up in it. 28. He (to hear) a sob, a wild sob.
The proud, independent creature (to break down) under the stress of events. 29. And this
morning Celinda (to telephone) me to tell me what (to happen). 30. Then he (to join) the
men who already (to alight), (to warn) them about the up-train, and the four (to open)
the outside door of the compartment in which the tragedy (to take place). 31. The sign
over head door (to read) the same it (to read) ever since I could remember. 32. When he
(to finish) I (to make) what I (to think) a harmless comment. 33. By the time the
marathon (to end) half the House (to collect) by the door. 34The man (to know) that
we (to speak) of him. 35. Accompanying all this jazz I (to carry) the Trans-Australian
airline bag Sarah (to buy) on the way up. 36. It (to be) not altogether his fault that it (to
happen). 37. I (to be) very much surprised when I (to hear) he (to leave) Braunschmidt
and Co. 38. She (to seem) to withdraw into herself so that he was conscious that he (to
know) no more of her than when he first (to see) her bathing in the pool. 39. Of her
mother she (to know) nothing, save that she (to be) French, (to be) extremely beautiful,
and that all her ancestors and even her business acquaintances (to perish) in the
Revolution. 40. Conquered by the evidence I (to collect) against him, he (to confess) his
crimes. 41. Susan (to deny) absolutely that she (to scatter) empty cans and pizza boxes
around Kens front garden. 42. I (to pull up) outside the house near Heathrow whose
attic was my home, and from where Maisie (to pick) me up that morning. 43. By this
time we (to come) abreast of the ruined cottage and within twenty yards or so of the
solitary tent. 44. In all of Winesburg there was but one person who (to know) the story
of the thing that (to make) ugly the person and the character of Wash Williams. 45. He
could scarcely comprehend what (to lead) him to do that he (to do). 46. You know who

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I am, sir, (to begin) the visitor as soon as she (to sink) gracefully into a chair. 47. She
certainly (not to look) English, and when I (to catch) sight of her name on the card,
which the chief (to hand) to Lady Molly, I (to put) her down at once as Viennese. 48.
We (to pass) the blackened beans of the house the Tontons (to destroy) and (to mount)
the hill towards Petionville. 49. Mr. Smith (to push) his way into our dialogue with a
roughness I (not to know) him to possess.
Exercise 14.
Use the Past Perfect or the Past Continues instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. When the war broke out he (not to be) long qualified and (to get) experience at
various hospitals. 2. In fact things (to become) so hot that he (to think) of shutting up
the house and returning to Paris. 3. Two men in outdoor dress (to take) possession of the
fireplace and (to chat) familiarly with Miss Healy and the baritone. 4. Carel (to turn)
and (to pace) up and down. Marcus sat hunched and stony still, fascinated. 5. We (to
come) a good deal nearer while we (to talk) and could now see that it was no longer a
house at all, but only its skeleton. 6. The man now (to rise) and (to address) the car.
Brush (to start) to edge out by his knees. 7. When he (to be) in Montana for less than a
month and things (to go) very poorly indeed, he stumbled on his great discovery. 8. By
the time the young woman who (to drive) the car (to switch off) her headlights and (to
stop) from the car Mason was abreast of her. 9. By the time, her (to take) the mag and
(to stare) at it like a stuck pig. 10. Ackroyd (to sit) as I (to leave) him in the armchair
before the fire. His head (to fall) sideways. 11. But Dorothy (not to listen). She (to
clasp) the necklace round her neck and (to judge) the effect in a small mirror taken from
her handbag. 12. Gertrude Morel (to be married) for eight years and (to expect) a third
child in two months. 13. Appleby (to walk) to a window and (to look) out thoughtfully
over the lawn and the stream beyond. 14. George already (to slip) his arm around
another girl, and (to lead) her to the verandah. 15. The lunger (to gather up) the cards
and (to shuffle) them over and over, purposelessly. 16. He (to drop) to his hands and
knees and (to crawl) about the floor. 17. Amy (to turn off) the TV set and (to sit on her
bed, but not in her previous posture. 18. The man who (to drop) from the window (to
gather) himself up on hands and knees. 19. We (to stand) still in the alley where
MacSwain (to stop) running. 20. I (to lean) on my gate in the backyard smoking a pipe

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of tobacco. I (to have) a busy day on my rounds, an irritating time of it 21. George (to
seat oneself) again and (to stare) before him. 22. He liked the intense stillness, and now
that the night (to fall) the stars (to blaze) in the sky. 23. The nausea which (to force) him
away subtly (to change). 24. She (take off) her hat and cloak and (to stand) before a
large swinging mirror, unhooking her waist. 25. She (to put) her hands up to both
cheeks of Jollys horse, and (to rub) her nose against its nose with a gentle snuffing
nose 26. Soames (to halt) in front of them, and (to look) at the light in her windows.
27. By that time the ship (to turn around) and the wind (to blow) a gale. 28. They now
(to reach) and (to enter) the break between the tow mountains. 29. Delays and reroutings
which the storm (to cause) (to take) both scheduling and human patience. 30. I (to have)
a scare all right. Come to that, I still (to have) one. 31. They (to sit) on the bench talking
about fishing when suddenly he remembered that he (to leave) his book at home. 32. He
quite (to give up) the third dimension when I was there and just (to think) of giving up
the second. 33. I (to think) about what Reggie (to say) with increasing jubilation. 34. By
the time Lucy was ready her cousin (to do) her breakfast, and (to listen) to the clever
lady among the crumbs. 35. The picture was more than half finished. Gombauld (to be)
at work all the morning on the figure of the man and now he (to take) a rest the time to
smoke a cigarette.
Exercise 15.
Use the Past Perfect or the Past Continuous Tense instead of the infinitives in
brackets.
1. However, as Rachel (to conjecture), he seemed to have largely recovered his
composure. He (to sit) very upright, holding his glass care jelly in both hands 2. I was
uneasy when Mr. Smith trundled to the deep end before he emerged he (to pass) so
close to the spot where the Secretary for Social Welfare (to die). 3. The bar was
crowded. Sandy Westcott (to have) a couple of cocktails and he (to begin) to feel
hungry. 4. The nurse (to cluck) and (to exclaim), before she was inside, how everyone in
the Borghese gardens (to admire) the baby. 5. It appeared that the women who (to go) to
clean Annabels flat (to meet) with some difficulty with a young lady, but she (to come)
straight over to the hotel to explain. 6. the bandana handkerchief which he (to tie)
about his nose continually (to slip) and (to fall) about his shoulders. 7. Norah (to rise)

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and (to gather up) the plates. 8. I paid no more attention to him, until about six oclock,
when most afternoon tea customers (to go), and we (to begin) to get the tables ready for
dinner. 9. I (to struggle) slowly into the clothes and (to try on) the hat. 10. She (to turn)
her back on me and (to fiddle) in a cupboard. 11. Steve and I left for New York right
after I (to receive) that telephone call. 12. I looked out of the window. A very tall, dark
man with a large black beard (to walk) slowly down the center of the street. 13. He (to
begin) to feel somewhat disillusioned. There was something vulgar in his friend which
he (not to observe) before. 14. The chief and the man who (to question) Willson (to
stand) by the bed. 15. At first it appeared that the six children (to do) well in school. But
gradually it came out that the two eldest boys (to run away), another (to join) the
Navy 16. He saw in the distance a couple of straggling wretches who long since (to
give up) and probably already (to cry) in anger at the prospect of punishment. 17. They
(to go), and the daylight of Saturday (to come). 18. An idiot hope struck me that they
might think something (to insult) me while I (to write) the cheque and that I (to change)
my mind. 19. Louie (not to notice) that Brush slowly (to rise) to a sailing position. 20.
She (to pull) her dressing-gown from the foot of the bed, and (to get up). 21. The chief
instinctively (to rise) to greet her, whilst Lady Molly, still and placed (to eye) her with a
quizzical smile. 22. She (to hustle) across the cave and busily (to arrange) her hair with
a pool of water as a mirror. 23. Billy was like a worn-out something that one (to buy)
years ago on the hire-purchase system, and still (to pay) with no end a to it insight. 24.
There was no one in the bungalow. Brevald (to work) on the plantation and his wife (to
go) into Apia. 25. I opened my eyes. She (to walk) towards the back of the aeroplane
and (to stand) in the aisle beside my seat. 26. One afternoon, the day after a mail (to
arrive) from Tahiti, when she (to drive) with Bateman he said to her: Did Edward tell
you when he (to sail)? 27. Jack, an old sailor who (to spend) many years in the Navy
(to walk) along a country road when he (to come) to a farmhouse. 28. Mrs.
Waddingtons breathing (to become) easier, and she (to sit) in her chair with something
like the old imperiousness. 29. Mrs. Pearson actually (to read) a book, had been reading
it that very afternoon, nearly (to finish) it and (to enjoy) it immensely. 30. Winifred (to
turn away), and (to take) a long sniff from a little gold-topped bottle. 31. He (to stretch)
his legs out and (to look) at his crossed feet. His face did not indicate that he (to think)
about anything. 32. Helen (to take) Compton aside and (to speak) to him. 33. By this
time, he (to take) the mag out and (to stare) at like a stuck pig. 34. Then, one evening,

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after dinner, Abdul (to clear) away and just (to go off), when he gave a little cough. 35.
Suddenly Mackindosh grew conscious that the boys eyes (ti rest) on the revolver which
he (to lay) on the desk when Mamma appeared in the doorway. 36. He knew she (to be)
at a mission school, and he was amused, and at the same time touched, by the company
manners she (to put on) for his benefit.
Exercise 16.
Rewrite the sentences.
Model:

He

had

never

lost

his

footing

before.

It was the first time he had lost his footing.

1. Her father had never flown into a rage before. It was the first time 2. Her
daughter had never eaten ice-cream before. It was the first time 3. Nick had never
overslept and missed his usual bus before. It was the first time 4. It was the first time
I had lost the money. I 5. It was the first time my grandmother had drunk any
medicine. My grandmother 6. Pete was heartbroken. He had never failed a test
before. It was the first time 7. It was the first time I had seen her smile. She 8. He
had never flown in a jet before. It was the first time 9. Jon had never made his bed
before. It was the first time 10. Ann had never received a love letter before. It was the
first time 11. It was the first time my brother had proposed to a girl. My brother 12.
The boy was overcome with nausea. It was the first time he had drunk wine. The boy
13. It was the first time I had a fainting fit. It must have been the had head heat. I 14.
Michael had never sworn before. He must have lost control over himself. It was the first
time 15. It was the first time my son had shaved. My son 16. She had never burst
into tears in front of so many people before. It was the first time 17. These neighbors
had never quarrelled before. It was the first time 18. He had never caught pneumonia
before. It was the first time 19. It was the first time he had gone to sleep at the wheel.
He 20. He had never seen the eruption of a volcano before. It was the first time 21.
He had not meant to say it. Such a question had not slipped out of his mouth before. It
was the first time
Exercise 17.
Rewrite the sentences.

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Model:

She

had

never

cried

before.

It was the first time she had cried.

1. He had never seen her wearing nothing before. It was the first time... 2. He had
never set eyes on any of those three flaxes heads. It was the first time 3. It was the
first time Mr. Dowse had conversed with him. Mr. Dowse 4. He had never felt like
that himself towards any woman before. It was the first time 5. I had never seen
anyone in such a frightening state of disintegration before. It was the first time 6. It
was the first time she had written to me. She 7. No girl had ever taken his fancy. It
was the first time 8. He had never bought a copy of the paper from the ancient Negro.
It was the first time 9. He had never seen her cry before. It was the first time 10.It
was the first time Joe Kane had seen his farther. Joe Kane 11. It was the first time
shed dropped off on the tram. She 12. Ackroyd had never been so upset before. It
was the first time 13. He had never hidden anything from me before. It was the first
time 14. It was the first time his son had lied to her. Her son 15. It was the first
time she had been late for classes. She 16. He had never learnt anything worth before.
It was the first time 17. I had never heard them gossiping before. It was the first
time 18. It was the first time he had brought his wife flowers. He 19. He had never
been lost in a dream before. It was the first time 20. It was the first time the police
had called at our house. The police 21. He had never fallen so deeply in lone before.
It was the first time
Exercise 18.
Complete the following sentences using the Past Perfect. Use the conjunctions
when, after, before, till, until, etc. where necessary.
1. She went. Adrienne sighed and rested her forehead against the cool stone wall. 2. I
finished my story. They were silent. 3. Mrs. Yaraby took up her knitting. She said
nothing. 4. The man went again. He sat hunched in the armchair, frowning to himself. 5.
She bought a small alarm clock. She wound it every day. 6. The rain almost stopped. If
was good news for my suit. 7. Her parents died. She was born. 8. The young man left
the overturned mass of paints and easel. I looked at them. 9. Her brothers, their wines
and children left. I stood at the graveside thinking I was alone. 10. She did not rest. She

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made him confess. 11. The police went. She still sat like an automation in the chair, with
no energy to move. 12. He cleaned the yard, installed electricity and a telephone in the
house. They were almost enthusiastic about it. 13. We came to America. In England we
lined on a farm and raised a few sheep and planted potatoes. 14. I caught him. He had
his morning coffee. 15. Henry went. He looked up at the portrait of his grandfather on
the wall. 16. He looked like some animal. He saw it an encyclopedia. 17. Bert waited.
The other members went home. 18. She talked about her late husband. He looked after
her very well. 19. I was too tired to talk politics. I did a hard days graft. 20. Elizabeth
did not remember her mother. Her mother died when Elizabeth was but five years old.
21. Old T.B. was at the telephone. Sharks quick footsteps died away into the night. 22.
In some way his relatives heard of his wealth. They treated him with deference and
dignity. 23. He reached the boys. He recognized Heron by his voice.
Exercise 19.
Complete the following sentences using the Past Perfect. Use the conjunctions
when, after, till, before, until, although, etc. where necessary.
1. Magdalena departed. I walked to the window at the front of the house. 2. I came
downstairs. I prepared myself very carefully for what I must say. 3. The boys went to
bed. They faced each other over coffee on the hotel veranda. 4. I finished hanging out
the clothes and wandered into the drawing room. I heard a latch key in the door. 5. Her
father disappeared around the corner. She went through the gate and into the street. 6.
The tram woke her. She dropped off. 7. She ran a long way. She came to a wine fence.
8. He took several steps. He stopped and looked back. 9. She left the room. I lit a
cigarette and walked over to the mantelpiece. 10. A Swedish cook sang one of the
students songs. She was never at college. 11. The two men were never out of touch.
They were quite similar in appearance. 12. We clambered up to the ruined cottage.
Several more boy scouts appeared on the scene. 13. His eyes showed relief. They [his
eyes] watched me anxiously. 14. Julian finally pinned her down. There were a lot of
young people waiting to take her out. 15. His visitor went. Gregory stood in the center
of his office and gazed intently at the floor. 16. His breathing become regular again. He
returned to the car. 17. Miss Morgan knew the Maltby land when she came to it. She
was never there. 18. He told me about Pooles. I never heard of him. 19. Rachel turned

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round now. We both stood in silence looking up. 20. She realized her mistake. She
opened her cloudy eyes. 21. Their mouths opened like landed fish. I told them about the
accident. 22. Hay noticed. Lincoln now recovered his color. 23. He advanced suddenly
with hasty steps. The body that belonged to the limp hand and arm became visible.

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Exercise 1.
Comment on the use of the Present Perfect Continuous in the following sentences.
1. What have you been doing? Whats all this? Diana indicated the table.
Invitation. For my farewell party. I hope that you can come. 2. Ive been trying to see
you for ages. I thought that female would never stop yapping. 3. This is Pat Hobby. Ive
been working on a script with Pen Wilcox, and Mr. Berners would like to have it
mimeographed by half-past three. 4. Ive been reading books and Ive been thinking.
Im going to try to amount to something in life. 5. and the idea came into his mind
suppose I have been writing postcards to myself? People did such things, especially
people with split personalities. 6. We never allowed to indulge ourselves in rich foods,
and besides, theyve been discovering more about heart disease in relation to butter,
havent you read that in the newspaper, Esme? 7. Manny, he said to his youngest boy,
you havent been digging in the orchard, have you? 8. Belle Newberry put her hair
back into place, laughed and said, Thats whats known as a windblown bob. Ive been
hearing a lot about you, Mr. Mason. 9. Ive been questioning the servants. They all
declare that no one has been to the back door tonight. 10. I see Muriel has been telling
you about George. The damned fool! I have no patience with him. 11. I have been
watching you and Miss Honeychurch for quite a little time. 12. He has been waiting for
you all the afternoon. 13. I know that the last week or two shes been seeing you more
than ever. 14. Well, whats been bothering you today? You started to tell me and then
didnt. 15. May I have a look at what youve been painting? 16. The fact is Ive been
having some very tiresome dreams lately. 17. Im not feeling so well, Mr. Smeeth, but it
isnt that, really. Its just oh, I dunno well, you see, Mr. Smeeth, its a firl. thats
whats been bothering me just lately. 18. Tell me has Clive been teasing you? He can
be very naughty. 19. I am Mary Morgan. Oh, yes, Miss Morgan, Ive been expecting
you. Wont you sit down? 20. Ive been ringing up parents like mad for the last hour
and a half. Dont I sound hoarse? Honestly, Ive been screaming and screaming down
the telephone. 21. Ive been seeing him again. Martyn. Im sorry, Frank, I Seeing
him? Sleeping with him? 22. The fact is Ive been thinking about it and Im scared
to go. 23. Hes been traveling since six this morning. 24. Ever since I was a young girl
Ive been trying not to take thins seriously and Im afraid now Im hopelessly frivolous.
25. He still had my volume of Calderon in his hands, and now he idly turned the pages.

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Which of the plays have you been reading? El Medico de su Honra. 26. I have
been telling Captain Black of the mission which brings us here, he explained. 27. Have
you been attending Mr. Maltravers recently? 28. Weve been working for the past fifteen
minutes, sweetheart. Or didnt you notice? 29. You low-down skunk, what have you
been saying about me to the governor? she was spluttering with rage. 30. What have
you been doing for the last two weeks, Dell? he asked.
Exercise 2.
Say how long something has been happening.
Model:

We are travelling now. We began traveling three hours ago.

We have been traveling for three hours.

1. The teacher is examining Tom. He began examining him twenty minutes ago. 2.
The visitor is waiting in the hall. He came an hour ago. 3. They are looking for separate
flats. They started to look for them when they divorced. 4. I am thinking about you. I
started thinking when I first met you. 4. He is asking about you. He started asking about
you after your departure. 6. She is keeping her secrets from her friends. She started
doing so after their betrayal. 7. He is living alone. His wife died three years ago. 8. I am
watching you attentively. I came here half an hour ago. 9. They are dating. Their first
date was the third of May. 10. The actors are rehearsing W. Shakespears comedy. They
started rehearsing it last month. 11. My son smokes. He started smoking at school. 12.
Patrick is ringing up his parents but nobody answers. He began ringing an hour ago. 13.
You are keeping company with a man you hardly know. You only got acquainted last
month. 14. She is making the most awful scenes. She found about her husbands liaison.
15. She is taking music lessons. She started taking them two years ago. 16. We are
traveling. We boarded the train early in the morning. 17. Pete is reading a book. He
began reading it last Friday. 18. What chatter-boxes those women are. They started
talking as soon as they gon on the bus and are still talking. 19. Our teacher is lying in
bed with pneumonia. She fell ill on Monday. 20. Nick is working hard at his paper. He
started working at it last week.
Exercise 3.
Ask questions beginning with How long.

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Model:

I am going in for sports.

How long have you been going I for sports?

1. The children are sleeping. 2. My father works at a factory. Pete is writing an essay.
4. It is raining. 5. Alan is playing computer games. 6. They are watching TV. 7. Mother
is washing up. 8. Ann is playing the piano. 9. My mother-in-law is staying with us. 10.
She is baking a birthday cake. 11. Nelly is making up in front of the mirror. 12. The
boys are fighting in the yard. 13. Nick is swimming and Nelly is sunbathing. 14. This
firm is building houses all over the country. 15. My father is smoking. 16. Nick and
Nelly are dating. 17. My brother is serving in the army. 18. He is earning five hundred
dollars. 19. They are growing citrus fruit in Abkhazia. 20. They are looking for a house
to rent. 21. It is raining now. 22. She is having problems with her in-laws because of her
character. 23. My mother-in-law grows ornamental flowers in our flat.
Exercise 4.
Ask questions beginning with How long.
Model:

It is snowing. How long has it been snowing?

1. I am expecting a message from her. 2. She is travelling and is very tired. 3. You are
living in Paris, arent you? 4. I am ringing the bell but nobody answers. 5. Are you
waiting for me? 6. How beautifully they are dancing! 7. That car is tailing us around
town. 8. Nellies husband is a drug addict. 9. There is one person who is blackmailing
her for huge sums. 10. It seems the orator is not going to bring his speech to a close. 11.
It is freezing. 12. I am on a diet. 13. I am keeping this chain in his memory. 14. They are
meeting regularly. 15. My neighbor Paul drinks like a fish. 16. They are building a
multi-storeyed house in our neighborhood. 17. The children are playing football in the
yard. Its time to call them in. 18. I see you are wearing spectacles. Are you nearsighted? 19. Irma drives a car like a pro.
Exercise 5.
Read the sentences and add a sentence with the Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Mother is carrying a heavy bag. (She / shop). 2. Jane is drying her bathing-suit.

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(She / swim). 3. The teachers fingers are in red ink. (She / correct / the copy-books). 4.
Look, the grass is wet. (It / rain). 5. Why have you stopped talking? (You / talk / about
me?). 6. She looks all worn-out. (She / work / hard). 7. Father is washing his hands in
the bathroom. (He / fix / his car). 8. Your eyes are all red and sore. (You / read?). 9. She
is all strained. (The wear and tear of life / tell / on her nerves). 10. Mother is angry with
me. (What / you / tell / her?). 11. The house is full of the smell of cookies. (Mother /
bake). 12. Jack is staggering. (He / drink). 13. Why do you look so bored? (My wife /
nag / me). 14. My feet are all sore and swollen. (I / climb / the mountain). 15. Why are
they running amok? (They / see / ghosts?). 16. Why are you laughing? (Pete / tell / his
jokes?). 17. Why are people staring at me like that? (Anybody / gossip / about me?). 18.
The students are yawning. (They / listen / to Mr. Parkers tedious lecture). 19. You are
all red and your nose is peeling. (You / lie / in the sun?) 20. My eyes are filled with
tears. (I / chop / onions). 21. The children are puffing and panting. (They / run).
Exercise 6.
Use the Present Perfect Continuous instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. I (to clean) for Twiggs and Dersighams for seven years. 2. He (to go) to Maid
stone a lot lately, and driving to little village about five miles out. 3. I (to trail) Reeder
for a week, and that fellow wants some trailing. 4.You (not to talk) to that Jimmy
Munroe? No, Papa. Well, just (not to let) me catch you at it. 5. I suppose someone
(to clean) it [the pistol] ad left it somewhere. 6. You dont suppose, Ted, that I (to tell)
lies tonight, do you? 7. I (to hesitate) whether or not to tell the inspector of my
discovery. 8. Muriel, whats the matter with you? I (o talk) to you and you arent
listening. 9. Tell me, Mr. Mason, is Moms planning to sue Carl for divorce? That
isnt what we (to talk) about, Mason said kindly. 10. You (to lead) an abnormal life. I
think it is time for you to lead a more normal one. 11. I (to do) a little detective work on
my own, you know. 12. I (to manufacture) motor cars the Revelation thought it was
about time to quit. 13. Supposing I was to go straight off and tell the police about what
you (to say)? 14. They will assert that I (to deceive) myself all through, in the most
absurd way. 15. You know, after I (to examine) corpses for a while, you forget that
someone was responsible for the corpse. 16. I (to stand) here for ages hoping to frighten
somebody. 17. How long this embezzlement (to go on)? 18. I (to feel) for some time

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now that I must perform an act. 19. You (to steal) again? No. Worse. But I (not t tell)
you that? 20. What is there in it? A lot of jolly fine pebbles that I (to collect) on the
beach, he said. 21. My Charlie (to go) with that girl? 22. I just (to get) Mr. Chalmers to
give me all the particulars about this man Courage. 23. I (to live) in British Guianaplantation no soda for your whisky, and always the chance of finding a snake curled
up in your chair. 24. The hem of her dress has a dark terminal line where it (to sweep)
the dusty verandah.
Exercise 7.
Use the Present Perfect Continuous instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. I well, I thought it would be a kindness to take that girl somewhere. She (to hare)
a lot of trouble at home. 2. You (to blab) to Dowse. Yaraby was frowning, his eyes
lost in folds of flesh. Contradict me, Yaraby went on, if I am wrong. 9. I (to make)
mistakes all my life. Either that, or my horoscopes gone mad, and all my stars are in the
wrong order. 4. You foolish boy, why you (to try) to make me miserable? His face lit
up at her woods and his eyes flashed. 5. Brush descended a few steps. Herb (to drink)
bad, Queenie? Well, you know I never know what goes on, but I think he (to drink)
some. 6. You all want to know something (to worry) me all day? Nobody in the south
has tapeworm any more. 7. We (to talk) it over ever since we got your letter last month.
8. Frederick, do you know I (to give) Sophie dancing lessons, or trying to? 9. I (to
listen) to news of them for the last 20 years. 10. Darling, it seems ages since Ive seen
you. What you (to do) with yourself all this time? 11. What have you done with her? I
want an answer fro you immediately! 12. Charles Sabin got to his feet at once, as
Mason entered. You must be a mind-reader Mr. Mason, he said. I (to try) to get you
for the last half hour! 13. Herb, she said. You havent been around to se me lately.
Where you (to keep yourself? 14. I (to look) for you everywhere, she said. I was
afraid youd gone. 15. Poor Mrs. Farquhar. She had a wee stroke, and she (to go)
downhill, by all accounts, ever since. 16. Tommy rang up this morning, and Ive said Ill
play golf with him on Saturday and my conscience (to prick) ever since. 17. Shell
smell a rat the moment she sees them, answered a sneering vice inside his head.
Probably think you (to flirt) with one of the typists. 18. Syd dear, dont think Im being
silly. Its not just today, it (t grow) on me. I cant sleep at night thinking of t. 19. I (to

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doze). How many hours have passed? 20. He (to speak) of Julie most f the night. 21.
Now listen, he said, you boys (to kick) me around because I gave Mason a break.
22. He knows you (to talk) a lot with Mom 23. Celinda Dail (to try) to see her,
Della Street said. 24. It occurs to me that I (to break the law. 25. Where you (to live),
Mr. Ahearn? she asked interestedly. 26. Hes the bloke you (to want), the man at the
back of the Morrison case. 27. We (to keep up) appearances for three long months at
Ashleih Court and its time we stopped. 28. What (to weigh) on Fristons mind for some
time is his retirement. 29. I just (to tell) Mrs. Brown how madly he drives. 30. Ever
since I came here I (to expect) a war to break out here any minute. 31. Ever since they
got acquainted they (to date) regularly. 3. What have I not seen of human nature during
the fifteen years that pati;2ents (to come) to my dingy back room in Wimpole Street?
33. I (to look) to see if Dave the mechanic has been behind the wheel but it isnt him.
Exercise 8.
Identify the difference in the meanings of the italicized forms. Translate the
sentences into Georgian.
1. a) Why are they laughing? Has Tom been telling them his anecdotes? b) Why is
Tom telling them his anecdotes? They must do their lessons. 2. a) You have been
watching TV since morning. Havent you got anything else to do? b) Its late already
and you are till watching TV. 3. a) I have lost my appetite. I have been eating
chocolates. b) You are eating chocolates again. You will spoil your appetite before
dinner. 4. a) They have been dating since the got acquainted at Marys birthday. b) Mary
is dating both these boys and she hasnt made a choice yet. 5. a) The room is full of
tobacco smell. Who has been smoking? b) You are smoking again! Your mother will
give you a good dressing down for it. 6. a) They are building a house in the country and
are going to move in son. b) They have been building a house in the country for two
years. 7. a) My mother is making a new dress for me. So Ill look foppish at the party. b)
My mother has been making a new dress for me since last Monday and Im afraid I
wont be ready for my party. 8. a) Why are you always quarrelling? The neighbors are
already grumbling and complaining. b) This couple has been quarrelling since heir
wedding day. I think their marriage will not last long. 9. a) My old man is constantly
complaining about some ailment. Ill have to take him t the doctor. b) I see you have

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just left the managers office. Have you been complaining again? 10. a) Anns husband
has been drinking and hed better not drive his ca tonight. b) What are you drinking
tonight Kindzmarauli or Kakhuri? 11. a) I am sick and tired of everything. Youve
been pulling my leg lately. b) Are you in earnest? Are you pulling my leg again? 12. a)
This orator is speaking o enthusiastically that you cant help listening to him. b) This
orator has been speaking for nearly an hour. I wish he would wind up his speech. 13. a)
Who has been meddling with my papers? Now I cant make head or tail of anything. b)
Again you are meddling with you daughter-in-laws affairs. Cant you leave her to
herself? 14. a) Our dog has been barking for the whole hour. I must see whats wrong.
b) Our dog is barking. Somebody must be at the gates. 15. a) She has been sunbathing
since morning. Its time she left the beach. b) Where is Nellie? Oh, she is sunbathing a
usual.
Exercise 9.
Identify the difference in the meanings of the italicized forms. Translate the
sentences into Georgian.
1. a) Pete has been playing football since early childhood and hopes to become a
professional player. b) Its already dark and Pete s still playing football in the yard. 2. a)
I am looking fo a job. Will you please help me to get one? b) I have been looking for a
job since I lost my last work and without much success so far. 3. a) Oh, it is still raining.
I must take my umbrella. b) It has been raining for two days and the streets are all in
puddles. 4. a) What book are you reading? You are so absorbed that it must be
interesting. b) when are you going to return me my book? You have been reading it so
long. 5. a) Nellie is making up again. I think she is going out with her boyfriend. b) Oh,
how long you have been making up! Now we are going to be late for the concert
because of you. 6. a) Hear the wind! Its blowing hard tonight. b) It has been blowing
hard since morning. How boring it is to be in the whole day! 7. a) A man is waiting for
you downstairs. He says it is on urgent business. b) Oh, my God, has he been waiting
for me since then? I have clean forgotten about him. 8. My sons are learning English
now. b) They have been learning English for three years. 9. Those girls have been
prattling since they got on the bus. How exasperating they are! b) When these girls are
prattling you cant get a word in edgeways. 10. a) You can still see the students in the

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hall. They are rehearsing a play for the literary evening. b) The students have been
rehearsing the play the whole day and are not satisfied with the result yet. 11. a) I cant
go to he theatre with you. I am reading for my exam. b) I am very tired. I have been
reading for my exam. 12. a) Mummy, what have you been baking? It smells of my
favorite cake. b) Mummy, are you baking his cake for me? 13. a) Your shirt is all torn.
Have you been fighting? b) Look out into the yard! Is nick fighting there again? 14. a)
The children are so quiet? Are they playing chess? b) The children must be tire. They
have been playing chess since five oclock. 15. a) Ann is seeping. Try not to wake her
up. b) Ann has been sleeping for three hours. Its time to wake her up.
Exercise 10.
Make up sentences of your on beginning them with No wonder
Model:

Our yard is covered with snow (snow for three days).

- No wonder, it has been snowing for three days.

1. She speaks English fluently (learn it since childhood). 2. Her flat looks spick-andspan (tidy it the whole day). 3. Pete is as drunk as a lord (drink since morning). 4.
Nicks father is in a rage with him (gad about lately). 5. His coat is threadbare (wear it
for three years). 6. The streets are all flooded (rain cats and dogs for three hours). 7.
Pete is a professional football player (play since he was five). 8. He is sick and tired of
such a dogs life (live from hand to mouth for five years). 9. He is quite at home on the
stage (perform on the stage since he finished school). 10. She is a virtuoso on the piano
(take music lessons since childhood. 11. He can hardly drag his feet (walk the whole
day). 12. Shes got a heat rash (sunbathe since early morning. 13. She has a sore throat
(eat too much ice-cram lately). 14. Nelly is angry with her colleagues (gossip about
her). 15. The childrens hands are stiff with cold (play snowballs and make snowmen for
three hours). 16. His sister is nothing but skin and bones (diet for the whole year). 17.
She is a very educated and experienced teacher (teach for twenty years). 18. Her skin is
all in an itchy rash (use a dubious cream recently). 19. I am run off my legs today
(receive so many guests for two days). 20. Kittys mother is a dab hand at making
dresses (make them for many years). 2. He has a long beard (grow it for three months).
Exercise 11.

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Use the Present Perfect Continuous or the Present Perfect instead of the infinitives in
brackets.
1.She said you were going to see him. I (to wait) here, hoping youd show up. 2.
Kitty, you dont want to live here. Its what people (to say) to me all my life. 3.
And so you start out by telling me you (to look) for me? he inquired, smiling. 4. Sabin
is the man who (to furnish) finance o the citizens committee which (to investigate) ice
conditions and (to transmit) information of graft to the Grand Jury. 5. All this nonsense
you (to talk) (to make) me forget about your father. 6. You miss a woman when she (to
live) with you in the same house for six years, no matter what sortofcat-0and-dog life
you led together. 7. He stood up again. We (to read) this part of the Bible for a month,
so you should be able to answer my question. 8. Today I (to finish) the printing of my
History of Crome. 9. Ever since I started travelling, people in restaurants and night club
(to stare) at me, nudging each other and whispering. 10. Mabel, I (to look) or you
everywhere. 11. I thought youd be too busy helping Mabel. I (to work) like a slave.
12. What sort of weather we (to have)? Its all bright and beautiful all the time. 13. I
(to investigate) those accusations as thoroughly as I can. 14. Mason said, Before we go
round there, Paul, anybody else (to try) to get in touch with Gibbs? I dont think so.
15. I (to wait) for you, she said, fixing me with a furious eye. 16. It is the first real
property I ever (to possess). I own it completely. 17. Belle Newberry said, Thats
whats known as a wind-blown ob. I (to hear) a lot about you, Mr. Mason. 18. Be
absolutely certain not to tell them anything about your past, where you (to live), or
anything about it. 19. I (to think about what happened out on the tracks, and I ought to
say to you all that Im sorry I did it. 20. Miss Corey, I (to make) a great study of girls.
And I (to study) you too. 21. She and the Dail girl (to run) neck and neck. 22. I (to
look) at fires since before you were born, he said. 23. Man, thats an interesting thing
you (to tell) me! So it was blood on her slipper? 24. Mr. Poole, I think, (to have) an
inkling of it. It certainly (to hover) in my head for some time. 25. Well, I suppose
they havent got my address, I (to move) about so much lately.
Exercise 12.
Use the Present Perfect Continuous or the Present Perfect instead of the infinitives in
brackets.

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1. She says lots of thing in there about what she (to do), thins you wee going to tell
me from her writhing. 2. I could tell you quite a good deal about your sister, what she
looks like, where she (to be) recently, what she (t do). 3. I (to look) all over for you,
Chief, she said. I was up on deck, he told her. 4. Marriage is a curious institution, as I
already (to remark). 5. Dritton cleared his throat and said heartily: Its a splendid
morning. We (to have) splendid weather. 6. Hell probably bring in acouple of the other
experts, who (to wait) to take a rap at you. 7. Hello, Tommy, old hero. Here you are!
Well, how you (to pull along) sine I saw you last? 8. Trace the sale of new cages. Find
out people who (to inquire) about the care and feeding of parrots. 9. I dont think I did
fail. At least, thats what I (to imagine). 10. Brush descended a few steps. Herb (to
drink) badly, Queenie? 11. Ill tell the judge. Ill tell everybody what I (to say). 12 But
the money you deposited her that money (to earn) money for us. The interest
represents those profits, which we share with you. 13. Look here, I (to want) to have a
few words with you, Lawson. 14. She just (to tell) me that she (to come back) full of
grand resolutions. 15. My advice is to try something intellectual for a change. Sit down
with your champagne on which you (to chew) since early afternoon. 16. He (not to be)
to bed all night. She heard him go out. If he (to walk) about since then he will be
absolutely dead. 17. For some little time I (to endeavor) to instruct you in the principles
of pure English. 18. I (to tell) you a thousand times I dont like you when youre
sarcastic. 19. Its Pat Humbert. Where you (to keep) yourself, Pat? I (to study) at
night. 20. I (to come) in here, week in and week out, for Mr. Benendens Own Mixture
for years. 21. I (not to speak) to a white person for two years. I (to long) for good old
talk. 22. You (not to describe) her at all. Now, what she to do? Well, she (to nurse)
someone. 23.I (to read) so much about you from time to time that its a real pleasure to
meet you in the flesh. 24. Of course he (to try) to drive me to run away and then say its
my fault.
Exercise 13.
Use the Present Perfect Continuous or the Present Perfect instead of the infinitives in
brackets.
1. I (to travel) half the day and Im as tired as you are. 2. Well, this happens to be

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something I know about. For years I (to hear) and (to read) people talking about John
Helds girls and Fitzgeralds 3. Goblins and fairies at midnight and as a
consequence of his encounter with them he (to try) out some sort of exorcism. 4. See
here, young fellow, I understand you (to knock) Mrs. Lawson about again. Im not
going to stand for that. 5. He was worried. He (to ring) you for days. He (to have) the
line checked but there (to be) no reply. 6. I (to look) for you for the last hour! 7. Youll
see then that for two years you (to breathe) poisoned air. 8. Yu (to become) a media
celebrity, my son. Unfortunately, the publicity you (to get) is most unfavorable. 9. You
(not to forget) how to flirt. 10. I (to meet) him twice. 11. Now I forbid you to cry. We
dont want every one to know what we (to say) to each other. 12. So far, I (to act) on the
assumption that Celinda Dail stole the picture and sent it by air mail to Roomy for an
investigation. 13. Darling, you dont know how happy you (to make) me. 14. Hes my
pal, Christi said. And you (to see) him lately? 15. My God, Evylyn, I (to sit) down
at the office all day looking at he outside of your letter. 16. My God, Perry, I (to be)
friendly with Della, and it (to be) sort of a give-and-take informal relationship. 17. I (to
let) this thing drift far about a year now, while I got my financial affairs in shape. 18.
For some time past she (to call) at the house almost every evening, and (to take) me out
I her motor, and (to invite) me to concerts. 19. His face showed his relief at seeing the
lawyer. C.W. (to try) to get you on the phone, he said. I (to call) every few minutes.
20. My husband (to feel) unwell for some weeks, she said concisely. 21. I rather (to
expect) you to drive in any time during the last hour. 22 I (to look) after myself for the
last three years. 23. You see, I (to think) about money and banks a lot lately. 24. We now
(to deal) with the second killing, and (to establish) the fact that no one of us can be
completely exonerate from suspicion.
Exercise 14.
Use the Present Perfect Continuous Tense of the verbs in the box.
have, dream, think, go, see, work, make, accuse, pay, go, live, say, think, want, get,
take, feel, suggest, accuse, work, feel, try, talk, worry, see, draw, wonder, make, fee,
drink, feel, make, keep up, say, insult, play, expect
1. I suppose George a grand time in Germany, I said. 2. I dont know how

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George both ends meet. 3. She on a method for improving high-speed steel. 4.
You the long bow a bit, havent you, with all those stories I hear of your gallantry in
the trenches? 5. You know, I if thee mightnt have been something slightly curious
gong on about the time the old man died. 6. You bloody awful or a couple of months.
Because you too much. 7. I about you all week. I about you, d you know
that? 8. Its a long story. Things well with me, doctor. 9. You her? Alice
Ryder? Hardly. 10. What offence have you committed this time? You the gentry
again? 11. He certainly me compliments. 12. We appearances for three long
months. 13. Do you know how long the cinema ..? Since about 1900. 14. You low-down
skunk, what you about me to the governor? 15. You long here? I started
yesterday. 16. How you today? 17. Whats this? She into any trouble? 18. She
died of an overdose of veronal. She it lately for sleeplessness. 19. My opinion is,
Turgis you not up to the mark lately. 20. She , you know that I wasnt much use
to anyone. 21. She the most awful scenes. 22. She herself of selfishness towards
us. 23 I to decide whether to make a clean breast of things or not. 24. She herself
of selfishness towards us. 25. The servants ? I asked. What about? 26. Soames
you? he said. I had a visit from him last nigh. 26. Evidently she around with a
bunch of crooks. 27. I have just come from there, and I there. 28. I just Ive
enjoyed your singing so awfully much. 29. I about it a lot. The solution came to me
during the performance. 30. I to talk to you for a long time. 31. The lady and I
each other. But what the devil has that to do with Cynthia death? 32. I a war to break
out here any minute.
Exercise 15.
Use the Present Perfect Continuous Tense of the verbs in the box.
hear, tell, dance, put in, plague, suspect, puzzle, try, spread, call, come, keep, read,
watch, look, drink, work, think, blackmail, feel, rain, listen, l, check, live, tell, paint,
talk, let, want, do, see, wait, keep, want, do
1. Well, I suppose she you that Im a selfish brute. 2. It seems that he constant
attendance on a Miss Dail, but since hes met Belle he more and more time with her.
3. Oh! Buzz along. And take that silly ball with you. It as to death all morning. 4. I

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to get rid of her for ages, but I never had a real good excuse. Now thanks to you I got
one. 5. Were going to live in a new house. I about it. Im going to come and see
it. 6. I should tell you that if I find that you these lying stories about me, I shall
immediately start proceedings for slander. 7. Mr. Alleyne or you. Where were you?
8. I to the officers, and they are going to search the orchard over again. 9. I for a
similar advertisement in all the dailies he last three months. 10. I forward to this
invitation for six months. 11. It seems that there is one person who has known all along
who her for huge sums. 12. My husband unwell for some weeks. 13. It ... for
nearly four hours, she said at last. 14. We pipes for the gateway for two weeks. 15.
He up on the family. Know more about them than I do. 16. Is she married? I home
so, she with him nearly ten years. 17. I my head for the last five minutes,
wondering what was wrong with you. 18. Well, Im disappointed in you, I really am,
Matfield. I .. some time that you were in a dark house. 19. I for an hour. I thought
youd never come. 20. You every night to the Reja and you never came near me? Oh,
how cruel! 21. You company with a man whom you know as Morgan Eves for some
time? 22. People are always sending me funny books to read. I one and it depressed
me. 23. Michel, where you yourself? Around here. 24. Do you like me at all,
Bertha? he asked. I to ask you ever since you came here. 25. What you ?
Lying in the sun mostly. 26. I Irene, said Jolyon when the cab had started/
Indeed! 27. I it over with mother, and Ill tell you what Ive decided. 28. I this
thing drift far out a year now, while I got my financial affairs in shape. 29. I what
people expected me to do, all my life. 30. I seriously as the saying is, since I was
fifteen or so. 31. Such a sight! Oh, hell do for himself one day and thats the holy alls
of it. He since Friday. 32. Its all right, said Wilcox, Ive finished it. What? You
? 33. I him what a capital sitter you were. 34. In the Middle Ages they used to
use girdles of charity. Yes, I know. I of them.
Exercise 16.
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. a) Sen ukve erTi saaTia mimtkiceb, rom es Seni brali araa, magram
me mainc ar mjera. kidev rames xom ar daumateb?
b) naxe, niko anas raRacas umtkicebs. albaT siyvaruls uxsnis.

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3. a) tyuilad cdilob, rom Senma qmarma mowevas Tavi mianebos. is

xom mTeli Tavisi cxovreba eweva da Tavs ase iolad ver
mianebebs.
b) ratom ewevi oTaxSi? Tavi amtkivda, wadi, gareT moswie.
3. a) ra ambavia? aq ra xdeba? bavSvebo, axlave SewyviteT xmauri!
b) ramdeni xania es xdeba Tqvens qalaqSi?
4. a) ratom SewyviteT saubari? Cemze WoraobdiT?
b) ratom WoraobT nelize? ra dagiSavaT man? albaT gSurT, rom
Tqvenze lamazia.
5. a) ari saaTia Cems mSoblebs vurekav da aravin mpasuxobs.
vSiSob, rame xom ar daemarTaT.
b) vis urekav ase gvian? am dros yvelas sZinavs.
6. a) ramdeni xania, rac melodebi? mapatieT, taqsi ver daviWire.
b) vinme xom ar melodeba? Tu vinme melodeba, uTxariT, rom
eqimi met pacients dRes ar Rebulobso.
7. a) ukve aTi wuTia ??? vrekav da ??? aravin ar miRebs. netavi saxlSi
ar arian? sad wavidnen?
b) viRaca karebze rekavs. gavaRo?
8. a) Cemi

mezoblebi

ukve

ori

Tvea

binas

aremonteben.

imedovneben vaJiSvilis qorwinebisTvis daamTavreben.

b) jobia, ar moxvideT CvenTan. Cven axla binas varemontebT.
kafeSi SevikriboT.
9. a) neli, ukve erTi saaTia telefonze laparakob. dadevi yurmili.
samsaxuridan ufrosma unda damirekos.
b) anas elaparakebi telefonze? uTxari, rom saRamos gvewvios.
kidev ramdenime megobari unda movides.
10.

a)

Cemi vaJiSvili dilidan kompiuterze TamaSobs, mas ki

gakveTilebi jer moumzadebia.

b) ratom daagviana dRes nikom gakveTilebze?
- darwmunebuli var, rom isev kompiuterze TamaSobs.
11.

a)

Tvalebi gawiTlebuli gaqvs. xom ar tirodi?

b) ratom tiri? vin gawyenina?

12.

a)

miwa svelia. uwvimia.

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b) gareT wvims. qeTis qolgis waReba daaviwyda skolaSi da

dasveldeba.
13.

a)

ukve erTi saaTia isini sayidlebze arian wasuli da dedisTvis

jer saCuqari ver SearCies.

b) deda sad aris? maRaziebSi dadis. dRes misi sayidlebis dRea.
14.

a)

nikos mama mweralia. niko ambobs, rom mamamisi axla

axal romans werso da male gamoaqveynebs.

b) nikos mama romanebs ukve 10 welia wers.
15.

a)

es xorci ukve ori saaTi ixarSeba. albaT mzadaa. unda

amoviRo. Zalian mSia da Tanac meCqareba.

b) ras xarSavs deda samzareuloSi? ar vici, ambobs sadils
vamzadebo.
16.

a)

ukve ori dRea Tovs. Tu ase gagrZelda kidev ramenime

saaTs, albaT male viTxilamurebT da bakurianSi wasvla ar

mogvixdeba.
b) naxe, Tovs! bavSvebs gaviRviZeb, rom gavaxaro.
17 a) dekans ar scalian. is Cvens kuratorTan erTad Cveni kursis
disciplinis sakiTxs arCevs.
b) dekani da kuratorebi ukve naxevari saaTia raRaca problemas
arCeven.
18.

a)

mister smiti Cvens universitetSi ukve oci weli aswavlis.

misi leqciebi Zalian sainteresoa.

b) mister smiti isev aswavlis Tqvens universitetSi, Tu ukve pensiaze
gavida?
Exercise 17.
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. a) Cven inglisur enas mxolod erTi welia vswavlobT da ukve
laparaki viswavleT.
b) franguli ena ukve viswavleT da axla inglisurs vswavlobT.
2. a) neli dedas exmareba. isini dilidan ezoSi yvavilebs rgaven.
b) mapatieT, magram neli telefonTan ver mova. is ezoSi yvavilebs

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rgavs da dakavebulia.
3. a) guSin Zalian bevri stumari gvyavda da Zalian gvian wavidnen.
Zalian bevri TefSia gasarecxi. ukve ramdeni xania vrecxav da
mxolod naxevars movrCi.
b) axla TefSebs vrecxav. ar mcalia salaparakod. mogvianebiT
TviTon dagirekav.
4. a) winsafari fqvilSi gaqvs gasvrili. rames acxobdi?
b) deda torts acxobs. me vsTxove mas. saRamos megobrebi
modian.
5. a) bavSvebs

kidev

sZinavT?

gaaRviZe,

Torem

skolaSi

daagviandebaT.
b) bavSvs ukve ori saaTia sZinavs. droa gavaRviZo da saseirnod
waviyvano.
6. a) ukve oci wuTia Cems avtobuss velodebi. netavi, ra daemarTa?
taqsi unda aviyvano, ukve magviandeba.
b) dRes avtobuss Zalian bevri elodeba gaCerebaze da arc erTi
avtobusi ar Cans. netavi, ra moxda? mZRolebi xom ar gaificnen.
7. a) deda patara anisTvis naZvisxes rTavs. anic exmareba da Zalian
gaxarebulia.
b) bavSvebi ukve erTi saaTia, rac naZvisxes rTaven da jer kidev ar
daumTavrebiaT.
8. a) Zalian rTulia Cemi sabakalavro Tema. ianvridan vamuSaveb mas
biblioTekaSi da mxolod pirveli Tavi movCri.
b) qiTi isev biblioTekaSi zis da sabakalavro Temaze muSaobs.
9. a) me Zalian bevrs vfiqrob nikas winadadebaze bolo dros da
vfiqrob, ar davTanxmdebi.
b) neli, mipasuxe, raze fiqrob? ar mesmis Cemi?
10.

a)

mTeli

saRamoa

vcdilob

Cemi wignebi

wesrigSi

moviyvano, magram ukve Zili mereva. xval diliT gavagrZeleb.

b) ris darwmunebas cdilob nikosi? xom ici, rom is jiutia da mainc ar
dagijerebs.
11.

a)

momiyevi, ras akeTebdi mTeli is dro, rac ar viyavi.

albaT, bevri ram gaakeTe saintereso.

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b) naxe, rac akeTeben bavSvebi ezoSi. Cems yvavilebs xom ar

krefen.
12.

a)

mTeli saRamo am sulelur serialebs uyureb? ar

mogbezrda? rodis moicli CemTvis?

b) ver xedavT, rom televizors vuyureb. ai es seriali morCeba da
sufras gagiSliT.
13.

a)

ratom xar ase gabrazebuli Cemze? vinme rames

xom ar gelaparakeboda Cemze? ra gaige?

b) vis Sesaxeb laparakobT? nikas Sesaxeb? is Zalian Wkviani
biWia. me momwons.
14.

a)

ramdeni xania mucelSi tkivils uCiviT?

b) eqimo, me axla arafers ar vuCivi. savsebiT janmrTeli var.

madlobis saTqmelad movedi.
15.

a)

misi coli mas bolo dros sul scenbs umarTavs. mgoni,

man Seityo mis sasiyvarulo romanze.

b) ra xmauri ismis gverdiT oTaxSi? mgoni is isev scenas umarTavs
Tavis qmars. Cven amas SeCveuli varT.
16.

a)

ukve sami welia, roca Cveni qarxana manqanis

detalebs uSvebs.
b) xom ar ici, sad iSoveba manqanis muxruWi? romeli qarxana
uSvebs manqanis detalebs?
17.

a)

xo da imas geubnebodi, rom es ase didxans ar

gastans meTqi. amboben, rom isini Sordebiano (scildebiano).

b) vis eubnebi Sen amas? es me TviTon Zalian kargad vici.
18.

a)

gaige

axali

ambavi?

anas

qmarma

samsaxuri

dakarga. amboben ukve erTi welia narkotikebs Rebulobs.

b) nelis qmari narkotikebs ukve ar Rebulobs. nelis siyvarulis gamo
man Tavi mianeba am sazizRar wamals da mTeli ojaxi bednieria.

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Exercise 1.
Comment on the use of the Past Perfect Continuous Tense in the following sentences.
1. Now his clothes looked as if hed been standing at Hollywood and Vine for three
years. 2. One day, Mary who had been drooping in the heat, was slow in dressing and
had only just startee making up her face when the bell for dinner rang. 3. For a fortnight
n the boat that brought him from Tahiti to San Francisco he had been thinking of the
story he had to tell. 4. Poirot, who had been watching my face, nodded. 5. When I had
been sitting there for five or ten minutes I saw Mahonys gray suit approaching. 6. Had
she been staying there long? asked Miss Marple. About a fortnight, said Mrs. Bantry.
7. She had kindled a bough of furze and stuck it into the bush under which she had been
crouching. 8. Now she was excited. She was like a healthy schoolgirl who had been
dressing up for fun. 9. She was twenty and had been steadily improving herself in the
commercial world since she was fifteen. 10. The cook who had been looking on with
the air of a complacent prophetess, now began to lose some of her rigidity. 11. The
police didnt know anything about him except that hed been living there for a couple o
years with a Chinese woman in the bazaar. 12. Yu havent lost all of your treasure that
youd been collecting since heaven know when. 13. This detached observer was the gift
of the Cohen boys at the station, who had been lending her books for the last two years.
14. Poirot had been standing just to the left of the door. Now he moved aside suddenly.
15. Mary stood still and looked. There was the big deep chair she had been sitting in a
minute ago. 16. Shed been finding Norman a bore for some time, but shed put up with
him because he was her husband. 17. We had been driving after them about three
minutes when I looked out of the window to see how far they might e ahead of us. 18.
She hurried away almost at a run, and he realized that he had been shouting at her. 19.
What had she picked up? Had her Aunt Winifred been talking? 20. What had Rosalinds
mother been thinking all through the three days since her daughter had so unexpectedly
come home from Chicago? 21. Being with im made her mind, that had been racing all
afternoon, race faster than ever. 22. A thing happened that had been happening at odd
moments for more than a year. 23. He began to speak of life in the city where she had
been living, condemning it. 24. One of the men who had been sitting with him before
the door of the barn followed lifting his hands and dropping them nervously. 25. How
long he had been sitting in that curious state of vacancy he had no notion when he saw

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Joe standing a little behind I to the right. 26. Then she remembered what she had been
waiting for. 27. Yet only an hour earlier he had been arguing that he could most easily
capture the Countess by storm, with no warning or preparations of any kind. 28. This
was the opportunity for which Bertha had been looking 29. There had been a deliberate
care taken to obliterate all traces of whatever proceeding had been going forward. 30. If
Mrs. Grange really had been telling the story to Skelton it might have seemed as
unlikely to him as it did to them. 31. She had been intently studying one of the more
bewildering concoctions on display when she became aware of this tall, good-looking
man staring at her. 32. No, Hugh said, and from the sudden eagerness in his voice I
felt that this was the exact moment he had been looking for. 33. She picked up the chair
she had been sitting in and quickly slipped away with it into the house. 34. There was a
debate on foreign affairs which not only the country, but the world, had been looking
forward to with the gravest concern. 35. I was called upon to arrest an uncouth person
who had been drinking home-brewed hooch.
Exercise 2
Form sentences using the Past Perfect Continuous Tense.
1. The old mans trousers were threadbare. (He / wear / them / for three years). 2. She
felt depressed. (Something / gnaw / at her heart). 3. The girl was in tears. (Her mother /
give / her / a telling-off). 4. When I entered the classroom all the students were
laughing. (Pete / tell / them / anecdotes). 5. George was a terrible spendthrift. (No
wonder / his uncle / make / him / a handsome allowance). 6. Robert answered the call at
last. (How long you / ring / him / up?). 7. The streets were puddled. (It / rain / the
whole week). 8. Her pillow was wet with tears. (She / cry / all night). 9. Nick could
afford a holiday trip to Bulgaria. (He / save up / for months). 10. From one until halfpast, then, was Mrs. Brandys recess. (She / look forward to / it / all the evening long).
11. She passed her first-certificate test in English last week. (How long / she / learn /
English?). 12. She looked bored. (Mrs. Stoner / chatter / non-stop). 13. Leaving the
bosss office he bumped into Mrs. MacHale. (She / eavesdrop). 14. My father gave up
smoking last month when he realized that he was in fatal danger. (How long / he /
smoke?). 15. My car was all dirty. (I / drive / along the muddy roads). 16. We shook
sand out of our shoes. (We / walk / along the gravel path). 17. The two passengers got

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on the bus panting. (They / run / to catch / it). 18. He made a brilliant paper at the
conference. (He / prepare / it / for a month). 19. He looked thin and worn. (He / keep / a
diet). 20. There was a strong sell of coffee n the house. (They / grind / coffee). 21. He
took to bed with severe symptoms. (How long / he / feel / unwell?). 22 Mothers hands
were muddy. (She / plant / flowers / in the garden).
Exercise 3.
Form sentences using the Past Perfect Continuous Tense.
1. Lenas eyes were red. (She / cry). 2. The dogs were barking all night long.
(Somebody / try / break into the house). 3. There was a scuffle in the house next door
last night. (They / drink). 4. The boys got it in the neck. (Who / tell / tales / out of
school?). 5. I was exhausted. (I / work / for my exams). 6. It began raining in earnest in
the evening. (The clouds / gather / the whole afternoon). 7. We were exasperated when
she appeared at last. (We / wait / for her since morning). 8. My neighbors were at their
wits end. (Their only son / cause / trouble / again). 9. I wasnt able to get any exercise
and felt awfully low. (It / rain / all day). 10. There was a terrible smell in the house.
(Something / burn). 11. She was dead tired when we visited her. (She / clean / the flat).
12. He knew the city well. (He / live / there / since childhood). 13. The childrens
fingers were numb with cod. (They / play / snowballs / without mittens). 14. Nick was
drenched to the skin when he came home last night. (He / walk /in the rain). 15. The
radiators in some flats in Moscow gave a crack last week. (It / freeze / hard). 16. My
landlady scalded her hands in the kitchen yesterday. (She / make / strawberry / jam). 17.
My child gave a horror-stricken scream in the middle of his sleep last night. (He / watch
/ horror / films). 18. Little Joe had a terrible toothache last week. (He / eat / sweets). 19.
Pete could hardly drag his feet. (He / climb / the mountain). 20. Murdoch won the first
prize at the flower exhibition last Sunday. (He / grow / flower / since childhood). 21.
When I visited them on Saturday their flat was turned upside-down. (The police / search
/ for / drugs). 22. His hands were dirty. (He /dig / in the garden). 23. Little Joes throat
was sore. (He / eat / ice-cream). 24. They cut off their telephone. (Somebody / give /
them / threatening calls). 25. Nick was yawning. (He / sleep). 26. Ann quarreled with
her boyfriend. (She / listen / to her girlfriend / little gossips).

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Exercise 4.
Identify the difference in the meaning of the italicized forms. Translate the sentences
into Georgian.
1. a) Her words and manner showed that before entering she had been struggling
with herself in private, and that the contention had been strong. b) Her words and
manner showed that she was struggling with herself in private, and that the contention
was strong. 2. a) For five minutes they had been looking into one anothers eyes, and
suddenly, without obvious reason, Edward blushed. b) They were looking into one
anothers eyes when Edward blushed. 3. a) Marcus had taken two terms leave from his
school in order to write a book about which he had been reflecting for a long time. b)
Marcus was reflecting about the book he was going to write. 4. a) the night was mild
and moonless, and rain had lately been falling, though for the present it had ceased. b)
The night was mild and moonless, and the rain was falling. 5. a) His tongue was tired,
for he had been talking all afternoon in a public=-house in Dorset Street. b) He was
talking about his success with the fair sex when she rang him up. 6. a) She thought that
in him might be found the quality she had all her life been seeking in people. b) She
looked in and said that she was looking for John and ask if we could help her find him.
7. a) He discovered that a girl he had been seeing for several weeks had all the time
been according her favors also to Ginger Ted. b) Everybody knew that he was seeing a
girl at exactly the same time every evening. 8. a) How long he had been sitting in that
curious state of vacancy he had no notion. b) He probably had heard about his parents
loss as he was sitting in that curious state of vacancy when the maid led me into his
room. 9. a) I had been selected for a spokesman, and I made a little speech that I had
been preparing for a week. b) He was sorry that he could not come to our party as he
was preparing a little speech to make at the next day meeting. 10. a) Upon my entrance,
Usher arose from a sofa on which he had been lying at full length, and greeted me with
a vivacious warmth. b) When I entered Usher was lying on the sofa at full length and
didnt pay attention to me. 11. a) The storm that had been brewing broke with a roar. b)
When we left the house the sky was overcast and a storm was brewing. 12. a) She
rattled bottles in the kitchen and brought me in a glass of what looked like the stuff we
had been drinking. b) She rattled bottles in the kitchen, the sign that they were drinking.
13. a) The machine that had been trailing us came into sight around a bend in the road.

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b) At that very moment two cars were trailing us. 14. a) I had been roughing it for some
time and I was glad enough to have a rest. b) I was not feeling well that day, so of
course I couldnt join them in their excursion. 15. He caught sight of Robert, who had
been playing golf and was waiting there for Eleanor. 16. He was drifting. He had been
drifting all the time they had talked. 17. a) He rose from where he had been sitting
astride the chair belonging to the desk, and crossed over to the still form in the armchair.
b) He did not rise from where he was sitting as if I had not entered the room. 18. a) The
personage wore the clothes which Lizzy had been brushing. b) Lizzy was brushing the
clothes and did not even turn her head at the sound.
Exercise 5.
Identify the difference in the meaning of the italicized forms. Translate the sentences
into Georgian.
1. a) He knew instinctively that they were not now the two people who had been
holding hands so long in the darkness inside. b) I noticed that they were holding hands
tightly and didnt want to part. 2. a) Diana, who had been watching the others, turned
and looked at me in fear. b) The whole evening Diana was watching the others with fear.
3. a) Raymond came from behind a bush where he had been trying a shot at a hawk. b)
The whole hour yesterday he was trying a shot at a hawk sitting behind a bush. 4. a)
Among the men who for two hours had been sitting and talking quietly a quarrel broke
out. b) The men were sitting and talking quietly when I opened the door. 5. a) He said
hed been thinking about it for ages. b) I wondered what he was thinking about. 6. a)
Both ladies had been living in this farming district for many years when the news came
to them. b) When the news arrived both ladies were living in this farming district. 7. a)
Rosalind put down the book she had been reading and turned to him. b) Rosalind was
reading a book and didnt hear him enter. 8. a) The man laughed. It was Melville Stoner,
the man of whom she had jest been thinking. b) She was thinking of Melville Stoner
when a telephone call interrupted her thoughts. 9. a) At last he changed the shorts and
singlet in which he had been lying ever since he fell ill. b) The nurse suggested to him
changing the shoots and singlet in which he was lying. 10. a) The storm that had for
years been gathering in her also broke. Sobs arose out of her throat. b). Looking at her
you couldnt but feel that a storm was gathering in her. Only you didnt know when it

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would break. 11. a) They were avoiding each others eyes. Obviously they had been
quarrelling. b) They were quarrelling loudly when their father stopped them. 12. a) Mr.
Smeeth adjusted his eyeglasses and then examined the slip of paper he had been
carrying. b) I asked him what he was carrying in that bag. 13. a) How long had you been
waiting for her when she appeared. b) When I approached the office I noticed some
people who were obviously waiting for me. 14. a) Suddenly Mary came to herself and
realized what she had been doing. b) When I saw the children teasing the cat I asked
them why they were doing it. 15. a) She felt relieved when she at last told him what she
had been hiding from him. b) I felt there was something which she was hiding from me.
16. To say of Goath that he had been drinking was to say nothing, for he was obviously
always drinking, but this time he had plainly had more than usual. 17. A man who had
been sitting behind the table had risen and was looking at Michael. 18. a) Scudder, who
had been standing by a window, walked across to meet Mason. b) Scudder was standing
by a window when Mason came into the room.
Exercise 6.
Use the Past Perfect Continuous or the Past Indefinite instead of the infinitives in
brackets.
1. Muriel Fisher who (to sit down) beside the table (to rise) to her feet. 2. On an
occasion she (to prefer) not to remember, when Shadox (to try) to persuade her to go to
the University. 3. She (to drop) her eyes again and (to begin) to fumble with the brown
paper parcel she (to carry). 4. One night a man who (to stay) a day or two in the
boarding-house in St. Asaphs Road (to say) to Denry: Look here, mister. What will
you take? 5. Mr. Justice Stapleton, who obviously (to fidget) for some minutes, (to
turn) a very red face on Gamble. 6. How long Mrs. Harwood (to receive) the
threatening letters, sir? She (to start) getting them two or three months ago, I believe.
7. Frosts head (to go up) as if at a signal, and his whole body (to straighten)
purposefully, and I (to realize) he merely (to coast) along until then, waiting for some
such moment. 8. She (to see) you and your husband go up to the boat deck. You (to
have) an argument about something. 9. Things (to go on) like this for then years. From
what I (to gather) later Kathy (to live) in Leicester with her housepainter. 10. The
medical officer, who (to kneel) beside the dead man, now (to rise) and (to turn) to

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Saunders. His face (to be) very grave. 11. Mason (to sit down) at the table, (to twist) the
stem of his cocktail glass in his fingers, (to glance up) at the door where Celinda Dail
(to stand). 12. I (to think) with regret of the dinner I (to look forward to), with Regina
tossing in unmeasured ingredients and herbs and wine and casually producing a gourmet
feast. 13. You know your father wouldnt go out on deck in this weather Its probably
someone from the second class or the steerage, someone who (to drink) too much. 14.
Ruths voice (to grow) severe and chilly. It (to seem) incredible that she just (to laugh).
15. I (to play) for several minutes before (to see) that Marcel was sitting at the same
table. 16. She (to wonder) how long he (to work). 17. We (to smoke) in silence for some
time when Ah-yen (to speak). 18. She (to cry) so much that her face was almost
unrecognizably puffed up, all wet and shiny and hot to look at. 19. No, thanks, I (to
say). And then from a curiosity that (to grows) in me and that I couldnt resist, That
book Golden Dreams, I (to say), you seem to think it a very wonderful work? 20.
But the neighbors, who always know everything, (to tell) me he and Kathy (to live)
together for the last six years. 21. After all, Scotland Yard (to wait) six years to break up
this gang. 22. He (to open) his bag and (to take) out a wad of notes as thick as that! He
(to draw) on his bank! I (to trail) him up to London. 23. We (to conclude) that the
murderer (to carry) a heavy burden on his way from the tent. 24. All right, Goath, (to
say) Mr. Smeeth, who (to jot) down some figures for the last minute or two. 25. It (to
be) a strange and significant move in a game the nature of which Muriel herself only
half-(to understand) and which it now (to seem) to her that she (to play) for some time.
26. Somewhere in the house a child (to weep) bitterly and a dog that (to sleep) by the
stove (to arise) and (to yawn). 27. Suddenly the sun (to rise). Mary (to get up) form
when she (to lie).
Exercise 7.
Use the Past Perfect Continuous or the Past Indefinite instead of the infinitives in
brackets.
1. Sarah said, We (to ask) the girl in the reception desk at the motel if anyone (to
ask) for us. 2. That (not to suit) her purpose at all. She (to have) her hooks out for Sabin
before she (to work) there three weeks. 3. Why the girl (not to tell) us someone (to
enquire) for us? Julian (to produce) the flowers, which he (to hide) behind his back,

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with the panache of a successful conjurer. 5. But he (to want) to marry Elaine? It was a
dilemma that (to tear) him for some time. 6. Perhaps they (to meet) each other secretly
ever since Julian had brought her back from New York. 7. Willson (to push) a button on
his bedside table and the silent secretary (to appear) from wherever he (to hide). 8.
Richard Waid, who (to stand) in the door near the hallway in which the telephone (to be
located) (to come) striding into the room. 9. She (to read) her script for half an hour
when the bell (to ring). She (to be sure) it (to be) Frederick. 10. He (to look) at me with
glassy eyes. It (to be) plain that he (to drink) all the afternoon. 12. When Louise
Trunnion (to come) out of the front door of her house she still (to wear) the gingham
dresss in which she (to wash) dishes. 13. When I (to sit) there for five or ten minutes I
(to see) Mahonys gray suit approaching. 14. It was not till they (to get back) to the
untidy rooms at the hotel where the Christophers (to stay) until the previous day, that
Billy (to tell) her of the suicide notes. 15. And in six months he (to find) himself forced
to this final humiliation. The passion for liquor (to gain) on him, he (to be) often heavy
with drink, and he (to do) his work badly. 16. What do you think it is, Chief? It
looks, he told her, as though someone (to tap) Fremont Sabins telephone. 17. She (to
see) that he (to wait) impatiently. He (to be) nervous and eager. 18. Suddenly he (to
turn) to her, interrupting her in the middle of a sentence, so that she could not but see
that he (not to listen), and his face (to be) chalk white. 19. When Michael joined the
company Julia (to play) in Middlepool for a year. 20. She only half (to believe) all she
(to say), but it (to excite) her to discuss a plan that would bring her into a close and
constant relation with Michael. 21. Lily (to sleep) for an hour or two when something
(to disturb) her sleep. She (to cough) and (to open) her eyes. 22. He (to sleep) in his
pants and shirt, which (to be) very wrinkled now. 23. We (to stay) there only for a week
but still (to manage) to see a lot. 24. He was just finishing a history of the family or
something, which he (to work) on for the last year, and (not to stir) much from the
library. 25. Ever since she (to come) home she (to try) to think; but her mind was a
blank, and she could not collect her thoughts. 26. George Willard had set forth upon an
adventure. All day he (to try) to make up his mind to go through with the adventure and
now he was acting. In the office of the Winesburg Eagle he (to sit) since six oclock
trying to think. 27. Billy (to talk) of suicide notes, she now (to remember), before the
doctor (to come). 28. From the next room, where the baby (to sleep), (to come) the
sound of his wailing. 29. Women! George Packington shook his head. The scrapes that

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girls brothers (to get into) lately. Well, hes been glad to help.
Exercise 8.
Use the Past Perfect Continuous or the Past Continuous instead of the infinitives in
brackets.
1. There were the customers, too. I (to dread) them the most of all, having to face
them, on after another; when I counted the notes, my hands (to shake). 2. Because she
(not to anticipate) anything of the sort, romance sneaked up on her and caught her
unawares. 3. She and I had been to a matinee of Frilby, and (to have) tea at Lyons,
which is exactly opposite Mathis Vienna caf in Regent Street. 4. They caught her redhanded with the forty-one caliber shells and stuff she (to burn) in the fireplace. 5.
Sergeant Holcomb (to work) hand and glove with them you know. 6. He noticed their
companions had opened the opposite door and (to climb) out on to the permanent way.
7. Once or twice I thought that possibly Great-grandfather felt so happy because he (to
drink). 8. He lifted the receiver as he spoke, and enquired why they (to ring) a few
seconds ago. 9. On a Saturday afternoon in January, Rogers (to sit) in his room in
Lambeth, when a slight noise at the front door caught his ear. 10. One evening he found
her not as usual lying on the sofa, but at the window, standing. She evidently (to wait)
for his return. 11. She broke out into a peal of laughter and glanced at her husband
whose admiring and happy eyes (to wander)_ from her dress to her face and hair. 12.
Michael and Roger had gone to bed, but supper (to wait) for them in the dining-room.
13. She figured he (to take) her for a ride. 14. He (to follow) her with his eyes and their
glances met. 15. Brush turned scarlet. Jessie Mayhew (to place) his cereal and coffee
before him. 16. Holding my head up suddenly I noticed a man I hadnt seen before.
Tears (to run) down his cheeks. 17. It also seemed to Annabel that he (to wait) for her to
wake up to ask her for money. 18. I hoped Arnold (not to make) his confession to
Francis. 19. She felt that Frederick (to test) her to see what she would be. 20. Then
Lawson knew what he (to try) to find out so long it was Miller. 21. In a moment he (to
talk) with the girl he had tried to rescue for years ago. 22. He turned quickly and she
saw that he (to look) at it [the bundle]. 23. I heard very distinctly the gentleman who (to
sit) beside the lady of the ruptured sunshine using quite unjustifiable threats. 24. I
pushed quickly into the room catching a glimpse of Arnold who (to stand) on the stairs

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with Francis behind him a little lower down. 25. We know that she came from the east
because she 9to visit) a sick grandchild. 26. I awaited the appearance of the bandsman
with some shame, hoping that he would not discover that I (to meddle) childishly with
his instrument. 27. It (to rain). It (to rain) for three days now.
Exercise 8.
Use the Past Perfect Continuous or the Past Continuous Tense instead of the
infinitives in brackets.
1. The Princess (to paint) half an hour. Now she stopped and stared at him a moment.
2. She (to paint) when she (to gear) somebody calling her. 3. I (to wonder) if a friend of
mine (to stay) here lately. 4. Just when he (to wish) for it she had come to him of her
own accord. Perhaps her thought (to run) with his. 5. Possibly she had perceived that in
her initial longing to escape Tarletons provincialism she (to walk) alone, following a
generation which was doomed to have no successors. 6. She (to tease) her grandmother
about Colonel Toxton ever since the old gentleman had asked her to tea with him. 7. But
my eyes fell on a calabash that hung against the wall over the table. I (to hunt) for an old
one and this was better than any I had seen outside the museum. 8. A few mornings later
I (to walk) up St. Anns Well Road delivering letters. 9. But it seemed to Patrolman
Richard Genero that it (to ???) forever. 10. She (to walk) the floor with Baby Angela for
an hour before the police arrived. 11. I (to play) tennis with him and when we were tired
he suggested a cup of tea. 12. For once, she agreed with Jean McCabe: the young today
(to get) out of hand and it was time something was done. 13. He (to talk) aloud to
himself about the problem for a week now and was unable to stop. 14. They (to travel)
through the forest for nearly twelve hours. They (to go) west, but news of soldiers met
them there and they had turned east. 15. The team he (to work) with a wages hi-jack
north of Peterborough had just brought I a result. 16. He could not bear the thought that
during the whole time Clare (to regard) him with her critical eye. 17. Katherine flipped
closed the book in which she (to write) with a practiced sigh. 18. If you (to pay) proper
attention to your duties, nobody could have sneaked up and cut that lead. 19. I just ran
out of the house late last night, we (to quarrel) for hours and hours and I couldnt stand
it any more. 20.Has it occurred to you, Mason asked, that this theory youre
outlining presupposes that Mrs. Moar (to plan) deliberately her husbands death for

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some time? 21. If it wasnt Susan herself who (to poison) the dog, then those friends of
hers who (to cause) trouble. 22. That letter she had written at dead of night, and stolen
down to post, it was the one I (to wait) for all these days! 23. She had let her emotion
run away with her; she (to feel), not acting. Again a cold shiver ran down her spine. 24.
Then she looked up at the fishing-boat picture on the wall. I (to wait) for this, wondered
what shed say when she did 25. Someone had seized her and (to rub) her face with
snow. 26. The sheriff went to quite a bit of trouble trying to get something out of the
ashes, but about all he could tell was she (to burn) paper.
Exercise 10.
Use the Past Perfect Continuous Tense of the verbs in the box.
hide, go out, try, dream, congratulate, wonder, keep, joke, eat, hesitate, wear, sell,
wonder, suffer, do, look, weigh, bicker, anticipate, walk, talk, towel, plunge, think, take,
conceal, lose, rent, yearn, weigh, follow, stand, wait
1. I explained that I , that I really was puzzled. 2. I realized sadly that I too
much good country food. 3. Cecil whether he should despise the villas or despise Sir
Harry for despising them. 4. I swung the ship in a sharp turn back onto the course which
we 5. Kathleen bolt upright with her hands to her heart, as though its beating were
intolerable. 6. Two Italians by the loggia about a debt. 7. He explained that he
from this phobia for over a year. 8. Turgis for this moment for some time. 9. This
morning he told me that he about the mountains of Nebraska.10. All day he to
discover what Lamon had told the President. 11. He slipped the passport into the outer
pocket of the cloak he 12. He actually bought a copy of the paper from the ancient
Negro who newspapers at the corner. 13. He himself for the last half-hour what
could have become of them. 14. Of course he didnt do it, said Caroline, who silent
with great difficulty. 15. I myself during the last few months on the completeness
with which I had let him go. 16. I with Susan about a month now. 17. For years he
this knowledge, just as he had always pretended that he enjoyed nothing so much as his
family life. 18. The pounds sterling she flourished were quite enough to compensate the
people who her house. 19. She for him to speak, hes sure of it. 20. He
anything but run in a straight line. 21. I after Tom ever since hed landed at

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Sheremetyevo Airport two days before. 22. What on Fristons mind for some time
was retirement. 23. He his cold pin-points of eyes into Ashursts and the
refinement of the Welsh. 24. They along, side by side, their heads close together, and
she very earnestly. 25. While they were driving he (not) notice never did. 26.
For some time his countenance the florid tinge lent it by the wine. 27. The man who
his head went over to the rail and cleared his throat in a loud hawk. 28. Martha, who
of him during the last half hour with suppressed resentment, found herself now going
towards him. 29. The chaplain peered down at a slip of paper he concealing in his
hand all the while. 30. He did precisely what I colly he proposed to double our
already extravagant stakes.
Exercise 11.
Use the Past Perfect Continuous Tense of the verbs in the box.
listen, stare, suffer, have, haunt, scrape, cry, wear, blow, swarm kneel, run, stare,
grind, analhyse, turn, compare, run scheme, stand, ferment, take, live, ask, blackmail,
say, do, wander, tear, warm, drink, suffer, endeavor
1. Meanwhile a woman who on the porch of the schoolhouse went inside and
whispered in Katharines ear. 2. Mr. Shave poured forth words that in him for
months. 3. He saw him plain enough. Perhaps he a stroll when Mrs. Kendal looked.
4. No idea you among us incognito, M. Poirot, he said. 5. but the porter, handing
the key to me, said that a lady for me . 6. A week before, he just the same things
as Mr. Sims. 7. She steadfastly refused to give me the name of the scoundrel who
her. 8. He seemed to think she some very good work. 9. For several hours he
distractedly through the streets of New York. 10. But did he want to marry Elaine? It
was a dilemma that him for some time. 11. The doctor turned away from the fire,
where he his hands. 12. I sprang up, angrily, at his words. This, then, was the paltry
trick he to play upon me. 13. Just when he was wishing for it she had come to him of
her own accord. Perhaps her thought with his. 14. While he had been full of
memories of their secret life together she him in her mind with another. 15. In her
hands she was holding a pair of stockings, which she evidently inside out in
readiness to put on. 16. since breakfast, the ladies the previous nights fall. 17. I told

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her she her teeth in her sleep. 18. In two places the canvas had come away from the
ground, and the wind freely through the interior. 19. I observed her more closely than
I had done therefore. It was clear that she 20. She believed he too much of Mr.
Westons good wine. 21. The dream, which him so long, was still more real than this
sudden actuality. 22. Your wife was convinced you affairs ever since you married
her. 23. the silver wig came away. Hed forgotten he it. 24. The paper went on to say
that Lord Mountdrago for some weeks from the effects of overwork. 25. Mr.
OConnor who moodily into the fire, called out suddenly. 26. She shook herself free
and looked about to see whether anyone 27. They about something and they were
so mad they wouldnt hardly talk to each other. 28. In a moment the A.D.C. who by
her side rose. 29. I noticed that she was breathing hard, as if she 30. For many hours
the immediate vicinity of the low frame work literally with rats. 31. Phaethon, who
for some time to kiss Persephone, had just succeeded. 32. I realized with a shock
something that me in the face.
Exercize 12.
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. a) rodesac masTan mivedi, is televizors uyurebda.
b) is televizors dilidan uyurebda da sauzmec ar axsovda.
2. a) rodesac gareT gavedi, wvimda da qaric qroda. saSineli amindi
iyo.
b) rodesac gareT gavedi, ukve didi xani wvimda, radgan quCebi
wyliT (gubeebiT) iyo dafaruli.
3. a) rodesac mas Sevxedi, mivxvdi, rom utiria. man ki araferi ar
miTxra da mec araferi ar SevekiTxe.
b) rodesac masTan mivedi, is tiroda. werili miuRia da cudi ambavi
Seutyvia erT-erT naTesavze.
4. a) anam arc ki Semomxeda. viRacas ulaparakia masTan. man
yvelaferi ukve icoda.
b) raze elaparakebodi petres, rodesac quCaSi gagiare?
5. a) bakurianSi rom CavediT, Tovda.
b) bakurianSi rom CavediT, ukve erTi kvira Tovda.

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6. a) saxlSi rom mivedi, deda sadils amzadebda, da CemTvis ar ecala.

b) saxlSi rom mivedi, deda ukve ori saaTi sadils amzadebda da
miTxra, sufras male gavSlio.
7. a) Cemi wignebi areuli iyo. viRaca raRaca sabuTs an fuls eZebda.
b) rodesac masTan mivedi, is gamwarebulad raRaca sabuTs eZebda
CanTaSi da wignebSi.
8. a) ratom ar usmendi leqcias, rodesac Segxede? Sen raRaca Jurnals
aTvalierebdi.
b) is ramdenime saaTi Jurnalebs aTvalierebda, rodesac damiZaxa,
is gancxadeba vnaxeo.
9. a) niko stadionidan rom movida, uceb dawva. Zalian bevri uvarjiSia
da daRlili iyo.
b) niko stadionze iyo. varjiSobda. SejibrebisaTvis emzadeboda.
10 a) ramden fuls

poulobda

mamaSeni

yovelTviurad

mTeli

wlis

ganmavlobaSi, sanam pensiaze gavidoda?

b) SarSan ianvridan seqtembramde aTas dolars viRebdi TveSi
samsazurSi, sanam sxva samsaxurSi gadavidodi.
11.

a)

avtobuss

ujve

naxevari

saaTi

velodebodi,

rodesac

moTminebis fiala amevso da gadavwyvite fexiT wavsuliyavi

samsaxurSi. Zalian momewona da amieridan albaT sul fexiT
vivli.
b) guSin

fexiT

samsaxurSi

mivdiodi,

rodesac

megobrebma

SemamCnies da manqana gamiCeres.

12.

a)

man iseTi raRaceebi momiyva, roca sinamdvilesagan

Zalian Sors aris. albaT raRaceebi esizmreboda.

b) nikos ana esizmreboda da sizmarSi kocnida, rodesac telefonis
zarma gamoaRviZa.
13.

a)

ramdeni xani curaobdi, sanam wvima daiwyeboda?

b) rodesac pliaJze mivedi, niko da neli curaobdnen, sxvebi ki

napirze iwvnen.
14.

a)

is

ukve sami

Tve uCioda

uZilobas, rodesac

mimarTa.
b) rodesac anis dedas vesaubre, is uZilobas uCioda.

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eqims

15.

a)

mevenaxeebi ukve ori kvira yurZen krefdnen, rodesac

Zlierma setyvam maT gasavali gaufuWa.

b) yvela stumari venaxSi iyo gasuli. isini maspinZels yurZnis
krefaSi exmarebodnen.
16.

a)

dedam miTxra, bavSvs mxolod axla CaeZinao. gverdiT

binaSi stumrebi Zalian xmaurobdneno.

b) gverdiT binaSi ise xmamaRla xmaurobdnen da mRerodnen, rom
kedelze davukakune.
17.

a)

wuxel mTeli Rame Tovda da mama saxlis saxuravze avida,

rom Tovli Camoefxeka.

b) xeebi da saxlebi sul TeTr samosSi iyo. gauTovia.
18.

a)

es msaxiobi ukve 40 weli muSaobda im TeatrSi, rodesac

Teatris xelmZRvaneloba mas iubiles gadauxada.

b) nikos mama reJisoria. SarSan am dros is moskovSi erT-erT
TeatrSi muSaobda da nodar dumbaZe romans dgamda.
19.

a)

maT gza aebniaT da ukve ramdenime saaTi tyeSi uimedod

dawetialobdnen, rodesac maT monadire SexvdaT.

b) Cven tyeSi sokoebs vagrovebdiT, rodesac ori ciyvi davinaxeT.
ciyvebi xeze ijdnen da gakvirvebiT gviyurebdnen.
Exercize 13.
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. a) ramdeni xani swavlobdi inglisurs, sanam instititSi Sexvidodi?
b) Cems Svils meTematika exerxeba. guSin mTeli dRe saxlSi ijda da
maTematikis amocanebs iyvanda.
2. a) jorjis ojaxi ramdenime xani Zlivs irCenda Tavs, rodesac maT
bedma gauRima da jorjma kargad-anazRaurebadi samsaxuri
iSova.
b) sad muSaobda mamaTqveni, rodesac dedaTqveni gaicana?
3. a) vis elaparakebodi ase gacxarebulad quCaSi, rodesac gagiare.
Sen arc ki SemamCnie.
b) isini ukve ori saaTi avtobusSi laparakobdnen, rodesac sofelSi

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Cavidnen.
4. a) niko wamlebs mTeli kvira Rebulobda, sanam sicxe dauklebda da
xvelebas miatovebda.
b) ra wamals Rebulobdi gasul Tves, rodesac gacivebuli iyavi? axla
me var gacivebuli da minda mec is wamlebi davlio.
5. a) ana

da

niko

erTmaneTs

ori

weli

xvdebodnen,

sanam

gadawyvitodnen daqorwinebas. am drois ganmavlobaSi maT

ufro axlos gaicnes erTmaneTi.
b) ana nikosTa paemanze ukve dadioda, rodesac maTi sasiyvarulo
romanis Sesaxeb anas mamam Seityo da anas nikosTan
Sexvedra aukrZala.
6. a) man saTvaleebi gaiswora da kidev erTxel gadaikiTxa qaRaldi,
romelic mohqonda.
b) guSin deida meris CanTiT xili mohqonda bazridan, rodesac
Sexvdi. CanTa uceb gamovarTvi da vkiTxe, aseTi mZime ra
mogaqvso.
7. a) gasul kviras SemTxveviT gadavawydi wigns, romelsac ase
didxans veZebdi.
b) ra wigns eZebdi, rodesac operis win wignis maRaziaSi Sexvedi?
8. a) isini ukve erTi kvira garaJs aSenebdnen, rodesac qalaqis meriis
warmomadgeneli movida da uTxra, rom am adgilas garaJis
aSeneba ar SeiZlebao.
b) SarSan mTeli weli Cven sofelSi saxls vaSenebdiT.
9. a) yvela odnav gadakrulze iyo. kaxur Rvinos svamdnen.
b) rodesac isini barSi davinaxe, luds svamdnen.
10.

a)

is ukve sami weli gamamZieblad muSaobda, rodesac

gadawyvita specialoba Seecvala.

b) sad muSaobda mister smiti im dros?
11.

a)

biWi didxans ugonod iwva mitovebul quCaSi, rodesac

policielma SeamCnia da saswrafo gamoiZaxa.

b) oridan samamde is Tavis oTaxSi iwva da wigns kiTxulobda.
12.

a)

me ukve erTi Tve dietas vicavdi, rodesac maT vestumre

da Tavi ver Sevikave da gemrieli torti mivirTvi.

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b) SarSan mTeli zafxuli dietas vicavdi.

13.

a)

deidaCems sul moCvenebebi hqonda, yvelgan sulebi

elandeboda. albaT edgar pos wignebs kiTxulobda.

b) patarobisas

Cemi

umcrosi

da

namdvili

wignis

Wia

iyo.

bavSvobaSi sul saxlSi ijda da mTeli dRe wignebs kiTxulobda.

14.

a)

samzareuloSi

rom

SevediT,

mivxvdiT,

rom

gogonas

stumrebTan erTad yava daulevia.

b) samzareuloSi rom SevediT, gogona da misi megobrebi yavas
svamdnen.
15.

a)

es idea ufro mimzidveli Canda, vidre is, romelzec vfiqrobdi

erTi wuTis win.

b) is fanjarasTan ijda da raRacaze fiqrobda. ar davuZaxe, rom xeli
ar SemeSala.
16.

a)

is

adga,

binaSi

gaiar-gamoiara,

kari

da

fanjrebi

Seamowma da dabrunda isev iq, sadac ijda.

b) rodesac Sevedi, gogona fanjarasTan ijda da quCaSi iyureboda.
17.

a)

man gverdZe gadado gazeT, romelsac kiTxulobda, da

gamiRima.
b) romel Jurnals aTvalierebdi guSin, rodesac SenTan movedi?
18.

a)

gogona,

romelic

ramdenime

wuTis

win

tiroda,

axla

mxiarulad icinoda.
b) guSin mTeli erTi saaTis ganmavlobaSi bavSvi tiroda da dedas
kiTxulobda.
19.

a)

marta, romelic fiqrobda masze ukanaskneli erTi Tvis

ganmavlobaSi,

imdenad

gadaiRala,

rom

irgvliv

amCnevda.
b) is mxolod anaze ocnebobda mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi.
00000000000000000000000000000000

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aravis

Exercise 1.
Comment on the forms of the Passive Voice. Translate the sentences into Georgian.
1. Tom, Absalom Crwninshield, th rich buccaneer, died suddenly. It was announced
in the papers. 2. Ill just imagine he had an operation. The horn was removed to make
him feel les freakish! 3. Is your own conscience robust, may I ask? It has not been put
very severely to the test, I should think. 4. All right. All of Dotts clothes have been
taken out. I think we may as well leave now. 5. However, it is a detail, which has its
deserved place in our relationship, and must not be overlooked or neglected. 6. B
midnight the house was filled with singing and laughter and the thin churning
gramophone music could be heard only in snatches. 7. Kelly Munger asked if Miss
Ferenczi had been arrested, and Mrs. Mantei said no, of course not. 8. I examined the
room. So far as I could tell, nothing had been changed in it. 9. But the house had
certainly been built by a millionaire and was said to be absolutely the last word in
luxury. 10. Emma was obliged to ask what they had told her. 11. Hes an ex-policeman,
now a private investigator whos been retained by yor wife for the last three years! 12.
Come, come, Berhta. Thats a thing Ive not been accused of before. No one has ever
called me selfish. 13. The few selections below are offered as a specimen page of a little
book, which I have in course of preparation. 14. Ladies and gentlemen. Supper is now
considered over. Start the dancing again. 15. There Lawson was greeted by several of
his old friends. 16. Mr. Quin is vouched for by an expert, said his wife. 17. The big
white sailing vessel was being discharged on the opposite quay. 18. She saw that her son
would be against her unless he was told everything. 19. A hubbub of excited voices filed
the room where the inquest was being held. 20. Wait, the day comes when youll be
punished. 21. It is surmised that one man alone could not have done it. 22. But I was
told that there would be only ourselves. 23. I thought it was understood he was coming.
24. He was informed that Emily, his engaging daughter, had been up late at a dance and
would not be down for breakfast. 25. Hed been left some money. 26. I must caution
you that anything you say will be taken down in writing and used against you at your
trial. 27. It was believed the gates of Heaven would be inevitably opened to that sinner,
or saint, who, with good lungs and implicit confidence, should vociferate the word
Amen! 28. Ill bet Dunbar is that evil fellow who really does all those nasty things
youre always being blamed for, isnt he? 29. The two arms were examined and

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compared and finally it was agreed to have a trial of strength. 30. In ten years time cure
will have been found for many of the worlds diseases. 31. In fact, to be a bit better than
ones neighbor was considered excessively vulgar and middle class. 32. You were being
made the victim of a couple of clever jewel thieves. 33. Her sideways smile is caused by
a white scar that runs up from chin to cheekbone. 34. They were heard chattering down
the stairs. 35. The little girl was seen to tumble down in the corridor. 36. He was
rumored sometimes to watch personally the slow death of a Tonton victim.
Exercise 2.
Change the following sentences. Use the passive voice.
1. I tell you that confidently. 2 Dies the hall-porter run the whole place? 2. As we
leave, I give the good old man five shillings. 4. Your bravado deserts you. 5. People in
Italy eat a lot of pasta. 6. Workers collect our rubbish twice a week. 7. Men hardly ever
wear bowler hats. 8. They dont allow me to stay overnight in this country. 9. She
always meds his things, cooks his meals and runs his house well and economically. 10.
People generally think so. 11. If they beat him over the head, he never feels it. 12. When
people treat me like that, it gets me down, I feel quite ill. 13. I dont want to go when
nobody wants me. 14. All they need is to exchange the rings in some unsuspicious
manner. 15. Im afraid I dont know what you call it. 16. Does you radiator factory
manufacture all the parts? 17. When you place me in the position of guardian I have to
adopt a very high moral tone on all subject. 18. They find a packet of strychnine in Ser
Georges cabin. 19. She rearranges the covers around her waist. 20. She plumps up the
pillow behind her back. 21. She vaguely remembers her former husband. 22. They hear
a truck gearing down. 23. They drink coffee and juice and they ea English muffins. 24.
Bee packs your thins. 25. I give you the full benefit of the natural generosity of my
nature. 26. I sponge the very existence of your surly communication of my memory in
short, Chief Inspector Theakstone, I forgive you. 27. Before we give up the notes for
lost, we must make sure that he knows nothing about them. 28. Thats how I look at it,
in my old-fashioned way.
Exercise 3.
Change the following sentences. Use the passive voice.

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1. They show us round and offer a lot of inaccurate antiquarian information. 2. The
silly nurses tell children not to stare at the sun. 3. We hear him approaching with a
sinister limp. 4. She looks down on me because I am not interested in sociology. 5. If
they suspect the watching it may have very serous consequences. 6. Look, if you make
just one little mistake, the whole shows mucked up. 7. But that is quite outside of the
present narrative, and I only mention it as an odd fact in conclusion. 8. We need
understanding on this place. 9. I never stay where people dont want me. 10. Somebody
has to know these things beforehand, you know, no matter how dark you keep them. 11.
Parents teach their children values. 12. In the United States most people earn money
outside the house. 13. Usually only women wear make-up. 14. In the kitchen we cook
and eat our meals. 15. We seldom use the front door in our house. 16. A good teacher
treats the pupils with respect. 17. Many young people consider teaching as a career. 18.
Marie washes and dries all the clothes at the wee-end. 19. Many young people consider
marriage a matter of individual responsibility. 20. The leaves absorb carbon dioxide
from the air. 21. You take drugs for your headache or your asthma. 22. We buy flowers
at the florists and in the streets. 23. If they suspect that the eye of the police I on them,
they tempt he infatuated woman to accompany them to Menton. 24. They pick up their
victims outside. 25. If he office blames me, I shall take myself off. 26. Business keeps
me in this town. 27. I dont blame you. 28. I consent to our hiding in a cupboard. And
there the man fins us. 29. But he des recognize both your accent and your clothes.
Exercise 4.
Change the following sentences. Use the verbs in the active voice, where possible.
1. This man is known as the Hairless Mexican. Why is he called that? 2. When
youre asked to a party at Government House at Apia youll notice that all the ladies are
given a pillow-slip to put their their lower extremities in. 3. She has an opportunity,
which is offered to very few of us. 4. Our letters are seldom sent by airmail. 5. If
arguments arise, patience and understanding are required on both sides. 6. But youre
employed by me, arent you? 7. In the old country they live in caves in the hills and the
countrys run by bandits. 8. But my army pay is supplemented by an allowance from my
father. 9. The Prince of Wurttemberg is easily recognized by his deep bark. 10. Of

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course she is ostracized by all but a few of her own type of women in town. 11 When a
man is aroused by an alarm clock, his first natural reflex is to turn off the alarm. 12. Say,
listen, Finch, do I look like the ort of man whos bossed by his wife? 13. My dear
Arthur, women are never disarmed by compliments. Men always are. 14. You are still
hampered by your preconceived notion. 15. Whenever I do dine there I am always
treated as a member of the family. 16. That is the way such things are discreetly handled
to keep a young woman from making a tragic mistake! 17. It is expected of you and you
must fail neither yourself ore the School. 18. The selections are chosen entirely at
random. 19. I say go to hell. Youre not anted here. 20. The language of the gutter is
understood anywhere that anyone ever fell in it. 21. I understand theres to be a little
card party to which we ladies are cordially not invited. 22. A place like this is found
only once in a lifetime. 23. My shirts are washed at a Chinese laundry. 24. Love letters
seem sacred and tender when you read them, but when they are read in court, they
sound simply ghastly.
Exercise 5.
Change the following sentences. Use the verbs in the active voice, where possible.
1. He is described as half-gipsy. 2. Ill hurry them off the minute the songs sung. 3.
But if I undertake a case, the cure is practically guaranteed. 4. Lets hope were not
observed. 5. You must know that in all decent English homes this time is reserved for
sport. 6. A good-looking boy like you is always wanted. 7. As long as thoughts are kept
under control theres no harm done. 8. Walls are built up between people a hell of a
damn sight faster then broken down. 9. Revolvers and rifles and bullets she didnt
mind because they are also used by sportsmen. 10. Even nowadays the convoy is
occasionally shot up by bandits. 11. Little good things are always destroyed by evil little
things. 12. The Rubens is owned by a man named Lee, in Chicago. A lot of slush is
talked about children by people who havent got any. 14. Are you often puzzled by
women? 15. Human troubles are easily classified into a few main heads 16. Everything
is done with machinery now. 17. These bags are given to every one of your passengers,
is that correct? 18. Is he employed here regularly?
Exercise 6.

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Change the following sentences. Use the passive voice.

1. They made their plans without consulting me. 2. He treated me to a long lecture on
dog training. 3. I assured him my sense of responsibility to he community was alive and
well. 4. He bought us all a treat, the children and me. 5. Thy ignored me entirely. 6. And
when Angela threw her fluffy duck out of her pram, he stooped and picked it up for her.
7. I made him a cup of tea with a shot of brandy in it. 8. I swept the broken glass off the
sink unit. 9. I counted bones on Daddys and Ks coats and K gave me a whole shilling.
10. The Northern Union Insurance Company have asked me to investigate the death of a
Mr. Maltravers. 11 He looked for a place to put the whisky bottle wile he rinsed the
dirtied glass. 12. The poor little mite could hardly speak for crying, Mrs. Ross told her
husband later. 13. I visited their house often, to see Kara. 14. While he was gone, I
scattered marbles all over the step. 15. They did not exchange glances. 16. I told them
one or two years thats about all, I think. 17. You brought me to your room and gave me
liquorice all sorts. 18. When he heard the key in the lock he set the door open wide so
Mrs. Fortescue must see him. 19. While I was dressing I heard the boat whistle. 20. I
saw them come out. 21. Early that day, I took Helen and the children sailing. 22. I dont
suppose he asked her out. 23. I never forgave her for not knowing, not understanding.
24. She got resentful when I didnt respond to treatment. 25. Loubys sawdust spilled all
over my quilt. Mummy made me scrape it up with a soup spoon. 26. Mummy shoed me
the seams at the to of Loubys leg. 27. I pestered Mummy to make us more clothes.
Exercise 7.
Change the following sentences. Use the passive voice.
1. Then we discussed the question of German reparations. 2. But some news I got
made me alter my plans. 3. As I dare say you heard me explain to Mrs. Maltravers. 4.
Tears in her eyes, she bade me a dignified farewell. 5. Poirot made a characteristic
gesture as we walked down the drive together. 6. Then he spun her around by pushing at
her left shoulder as she faced him. 7. He opened the door with his left hand. 8. He felt
the shoulders tense, and then grow small and tender in his palms. 9. He heard her
weeping and listened to the sound. 10. You told me not to cry because the other boys
would laugh at me. 11. The waiter brought coffee, and later presented a bill. 1. The

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headmaster accompanied you in the train, did he, sir? 13. She found her book and
opened it at once. 14. I took her over to the bar and left her. 15. I saw Ruth standing at
the edge of the floor 16. The neighbors blamed Mrs. Hay for that. 17. One evening he
postponed his homework, and slipped out past the shop. 18. Seeing him, she first gave
him a smile never offered him before by a woman. 19. She showed us into a small
morning room. 20. Rather reluctantly, Mrs. Maltravers made the necessary introduction.
21. If she and Ken met in the street, she ignored him. 22. If Ailie went running to pet
Cara, Mrs. hay called her back. 23. After that, he kept his bedroom light on and put Cara
out into the garden, as a watchdog, I suppose. 24. They checked all my doors and
windows infuriatingly slowly. 25. Everyone heard her yelling at her daughter. 26. He
gave them sweets if they would tell a joke or do a handstand. 27. I did not anticipate
this.
Exercise 8.
Change the following sentences. Use the active voice.
1. I had no idea that company was expected. 2. I was sent on this assignment. I didnt
ask for it. 3. The cottage was pulled down when they began to quarry the rock here. 4.
She was suddenly aroused from a doze by a loud explosion close by. 5. No further
suggestions were put forward by the public. 6. Callers were all turned away. 7. The bell
was answered and Ralph ordered the drinks. 8. The dead couple was identified as a Mr.
and Mrs. Horatio Llewelyn. 9. On arrival at Carlisle the matter was put into the hands of
the police. 10. She was buried nicely in her family plot. 11. Quite suddenly and out of
the blue, I was presented with a totally unexpected moral issue. 12. Suddenly the door
was most delicately conducted. 14. That theory was confirmed by a study of the
footprints. 15. He was met just outside the gate by a servant bringing him the news. 16.
That was given her by the King of Bosnia. 17. She was interrupted by a knock at the
door. 18. Why wasnt I notified? 19. When I was a very small boy I was made to learn
by heart certain of the fables of La Fontaine. 20. He was considered to be an eccentric, a
gadfly to the Japanese government. 21. The silence was broken by Susans Hays little
sister, Ailie.
Exercise 8.

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Change the following sentences. Use the active voice.

1. His imagination had so abstracted him that his name was called twice before he
answered. 2. Everything that was mine was burnt. 3. How about her baggage? Where
was that taken? 4. There was immense hope in the tope in which these words were
uttered. 5. No matter tat I was a hopeless nurse and a worse cook, I was appointed, for
lack of anyone else, to look after him. 6. A very large hat belonging to the accused was
shown to the witnesses. 7. We were taken upstairs to where Donald Willssons widow
sat in the library. 89. Theres really nothing I can do, sir. The cabin was reserved for this
gentleman. 9. I got all my trousseau at Memphis at various departments where my
daddy was know. 10. I wanted to be quite sure I was really wanted. 11. Mr. Browne,
seeing that he was ignored, turned promptly to the two young men, who were more
appreciative. 12. In te dressing room behind the stage she was introduced to the
secretary of the Society, Mr. Fitzpatrick. 13. The car halted before a small house on the
Glasnevin road and Mr. Kernan was helped into the house. 14. The problem was
instantaneously explained to me. 15. If a general lost a battle through bad luck he was
executed. 16. Some minutes passed. Then the hall-door was opened slowly and
cautiously. 17. Theres not much you can tell me about chickens. I was brought up with
chickens. 18. Her name was Elsie Leander and her girlhood was spent on the fathers
farm in Vermont. 19. Out of a deep and dreamless sleep he was awakened by the sound
of thumping on the door. 20. Neither of them spoke English Communication with the
valley was carried on by their son. 21. I knew a New-Yorker who was kidnapped for
ransom by some Afghanistan bandits.
Exercise 10.
Supply the Passive forms of the verbs in the box, using the Past Indefinite Tense.
give, haunt, whip up, hear, take, expect, pay, break, buy, publish, make, say, include,
kill, substitute, force, ask, raise, found, bring up, send, spend, applaud, catch, clear up,
quote, influence, condemn, elect
1. I suppose thats why we still call him Tifty a nickname he when he was a
child. 2. We always thought that place Seen any ghosts yet? 3. The horse and the

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cat rattled off along the quay amid a chorus of laughter and adieus. 4. Do you remember
that little statue I bought you once as a present, that accidentally. 5. How much did
Henry pay Wills for this? It Even Henry couldnt buy it. 6. I will never forget one
day the month that book 7. Our sandwiches usually of peanut butter, mayonnaise
and piecalilli. 8. The picture which was just about the same pose and lighting. 9. The
brandy down the mans throat. In a few seconds he opened his eyes. 10. The boy
knocked on the door and who he was. 11. I in a convent. 12. She could hardly
bear to open the parcel which to her. 13. Several years of my boyhood in the
south of the country. 14. And then a strong voice in the hall below. 15. When no
notice of him, with the same smile he passed on. 16. I didnt know you to dinner
tonight. Mr. Ackroyd didnt mention it. 17. He saw them cast surreptitious glances at his
head, but not a word 18. Your name in the list. 19. When this confusion
everyone tool a deep breath. 20. She in every paper as saying I do not believe it was
suicide. 21. Do you remember your Crofts scholarship at Newnham? Well, that by
my brother the M.P. 22. Edwins mother died in childbirth, and Edwin by his
grandfather. 23. Of course, I by my mother. Every man is when he is young. 24. In
Winesburg no attention to Wash Williams and his hatred of this fellows. 25. Kethleen
played a selection of Irish airs which generously. 26. After that Mrs. Kearneys
conduct on all hands. 27. Soon after his arrival Bert to the school board. 28. When
a rabbit and she rushed in and tore it out of the grasp of the dogs.
Exercise 11.
Supply the Passive forms of the verbs in the box, using the Past Indefinite Tense.
eat up, evade, hear, take, give, chase, steal, break off, catch, shut out, replace, call,
show I, take, save, search, invite, impress, lead, ignore, acquit, slam, plan, lend, hit, hire,
take away, bring up, hear, meet
1. Quentin was very hungry and soon everything 2. Robert Hillard tried to catch
the boys eye, but his glance deliberately. 3. Presently a timid at the door. 4. Too
much care with our education, I am afraid. 5. Dont you remember that a great dinner
in your honor at the Club? 6. The door . in my face. 7. Nothing was accidental,
everything in Sebastians life. 8. Jum Hurst was once a thief. He in our house. I

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was sorry for him. 9. He from all family affairs. No one told him anything. 10. Not
logn after that I for writhing a poem on the lid of a shoe-box. 11. He on the head
with a bronze figure. 12. My father in the Greek Orthodox faith. 13. In 1946 that
money to you by Joseph. 14. He got in a fight, he by policemen. 15. Your wifes
jewels before you yourself left London and by paste duplicates. 16. The
conversation by the arrival of other guests. 17. Her breath by the beauty, friendly
rather than awe-inspiring, of the scene. 18. Madcap Bunnie Stratton? Thats what she
by the newspapers. 19. When he entered, Nox immediately by his size. 20. Mrs.
Appleton stood her trial. She through the lack of evidence. 21. She raised her voice
as she spoke; it all over the drawing-room. 22. Mr. Beebe! said the maid and the
new rector of Summer Street 23. Temperature twice a day in the ward. 24. For
several years they had lived privately apart, but in public united, so that appearance ...
25. A footman took my hat and coat. I upstairs to an enormous drawing-room. 26.
For week we , then with a blank refusal, and only finally got reluctant permission
to view the evidence. 27. These coaches, as well as the van, thoroughly. 28. It was
the night of the great ball at Nosham Taws. The whole neighborhood
Exercise 12.
Supply the Passive forms of the verbs in the box, using the Past Indefinite Tense.
recommend, write, believe, introduce, sell, shoot, fire, ask, read out, open, hear, feed
up, serve, make, find, feel, shower, hold, announce, break, propound, publish, tell, sell,
pay, see, occupy, give, throw
1. She highly to me. And by a Cabinet Minister too. 2. I want to have that
picture. It to you. 3. Annie, you dont know what to that man. You dont know
what happened. 4.jk If the shot then, why did everyone say it was earlier? 5. When
he sees how lovely and sweet and pretty she is, hell thank his lucky stars he to
dinner. 6. We know what hat end was because the letters in court. 7. Unfortunately
all of his poems a long time ago. 8. Presently the door by a servant and Miss
Glover 9. The silence by Susans little sister. 10. A fourth or supertheory by
Caroline later as we went up to bed. 11. I by the Press that the business associates of
the shot MP might be of assistance. 12. I know he liked me the first moment we

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13. Her voice often in wordy warfare with me. 14. But even though he more
snap than the rest of us he was a small lad. 15. It was a parting in which more was
than said. 16. All the gifts of the gods on him. 17. From the reactions that the
audience gave Stamp it was clear that he in high regard. 18. And your novel ever
? 19. On arrival at Carlisle the matter into the hands of the police. 20. It went
assiduously on while lunch 21. I to say where this treasure 22. A great many
amusing stories having reference to the whims of the patience. 23. Then wheres the
money if the place ? 24. If it [the chain] on Fifth Avenue I shouldnt be surprised
to hear that anything up to thirty thousand for it. 25. He in the Kings road about
seven oclock that same evening. 26. The rooms above mine by two people, a man
and his wife, still very young. 27. This information, expressed in semi-formal sentences,
to Donald by the Detective Inspector on Saturday afternoon. 28. A stone had caught
him in the middle of the back. It by the little boy, who was pursuing them along the
mule track.
Exercise 13.
Supply the Passive forms of the verbs in the box, using the Past Indefinite Tense.
expect, solve, hear, introduce, show, want, pay away, announce, pour, fill, strangle,
eat, clear away, make, carry, give, see, say, hold, open, meet, conceal, extract, accuse,
swear, follow, wake up, bring up, turn out, drink, conceal, search, sentence
1. I didnt know you to dinner tonight. 2. On inquiry for Miss Ackroyd, we into
the billiard room. 3. It seems certain that these sums of money for some special
purpose. 4. At that moment the door opened and Geoffrey Raymond 5. She was quite
worn out, but she did what of her. 6. The moan of the sea no more. 7. At first
glance it would seem tat our problem 8. After coffee she to numerous goodlooking young men who danced with conscious precision. 9. That telephone call at
10.15 last night from a public call box at Kings Abbot Station. 10. Oliver gently in
to a bed and more care and kindness that he had had in his life. 11. She in public
only with Frederick. 12. They were husking corn and occasionally something and
they laughed. 13. After the test Macedon at the station house until friends could
arrange bail.14. When he knocked at the door it for him by Horn. 15. Wherever the

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captain went, he or . by a group of people all with the same request. 16. The next
morning he by someone kicking at the shop window. 17. I by two old aunts. 18.
She by the clerk and took the witness stand. 19. Toasts from table to table, with
many bows. 20. They took the hint. Plates , coffee and tea The meal began. 21.
The man is innocent, ann. Remember he falsely once and it put him through hell. 22.
There is a Priests hiding hole there a movable panel by the fireplace. Tradition has it
that Charles I there once. 23. The rope that was round her neck wasnt the rope that
she with. 24. Then I noticed her teeth she had buck teeth at that time which
later! 25. The house easily. They went through the few outbuildings first and then
turned their attention to the building itself. 26. Dinner came, and A simple meal,
mostly out of tins. 27. The contents of the suitcase on the floor. 28. He to a years
imprisonment for an inside burglary job.
Exercise 14.
Change the following sentences. Use the passive voice.
1. Imagine wanting to live so much in the past that youll pay men carpenters wages
to disfigure your front door. 2. If you call me that aloud, Ill bust your head open. 3. You
will not find any bullet wounds on the body of Mr. Maltravers. 4. What is our plan of
campaign? I asked. First I will call upon the doctor. 5. The cook is a Giants fan,
Chaddy said. Shell give you even money that they win the pennant. 6. You talk
against my husband and Ill twist you tongue out by the roots. 7. And Ill tell you
another thing. 8. But I wont lend him my dogs. 9. You will not train my animals, I
said through gritted teeth. 10. You will probably think me very foolish, Monsieur Poirot.
11. You can rest assured that I will do all in my power to render the matter not too
unpleasant for you. 12. Do as youre told and speak the truth, because if you dont,
Number One will deal with you. 13. You will remember the disappointing outcome of
the Dinglewood affair. 14. I will name the persons involved. 15. If you have anything to
say in defense of your folly, I will hear it later. 16. Speak the truth, or theyll make
things somewhat more unpleasant for you than they might otherwise be. 17. If I do not
return tomorrow they will open the letter. 18. Can this statement be proved?
Certainly. I will prove it. 19 Now, be quick; tell me what you know. Will you spare
me if I tell you? 20. Ladies and gentlemen, I will not conceal from you the seriousness

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of the situation. 21. We will put this carrion in the cellar where it cannot harm us. 22.
Well leave you to look round here while we follow up these footsteps. 23. If you ring,
one of the maids will take you to him. 24. All Scotland Yard wont catch me for the
killing! 25. Will you give me the name and address of Miss Crabtrees lawyer? 26. I
dont think anybody will ever discover anything.
Exercise 15.
Change the following sentences. Use the passive voice.
1. Youll probably laugh at me into the bargain. 2. Tell her that I am acting on your
behalf and that she will do all her dealings though me. 3. I will pay you two hundred
and fifty thousand dollars just to try to find that boat. 4. I dont care what anybody says.
I shall fight for it! 5. I shall refer to our caller merely as Monsieur B. 6. Hell answer
questions before theyre even asked. 7. Hell bring the gun. Hell not make things
worse. 8. Youll prove blacks white. Youll pull every trick in the book. 9. They wont
find anything but theyre searching. 10. Superintendent Summers of Mid-Wessex
Constabulary will take charge of this enquiry. 11. Well postpone this interview. 12.
Afterwards I will read them a bedtime story. 13. Well keep you out of the Japanese
courts. 14. Ill give you a time signal form the helicopter when I land. 15. Ill consider
our application until we get there. 16. Ill make arrangements to have a car drive you
home. 17. Ill sell it at a profit. 18. If she deserts me I shall follow her. 19. He sees to
orders in the lounge, but Ill attend to you myself. 20. I shall leave our home tomorrow.
21. Time will put her right. 22. I will open my eyes and stare at him whenever I choose.
23. Your eyes will dazzle the sun. 24. I care so little for the cloudland of this life that I
will offer you the speech for the prosecution. 25. I have put before you the whole case
against me. In fewer words still I will blow it to pieces, so that not a trace of it remains.
26. I will tell you all you want to know. 27. I shall always call it heroic failure for the
advance of science. 28. I wonder if you will tell us what it is that you suppose to have
got about. 29. If youll pardon me, Ill be getting along. 30. I wont tell you how, in half
an hours talk, I was hopelessly edged into it. 31. They will never see you again.
Exercise 16.
Change the following sentences with the Future Indefinite Passive. Use the active

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voice.
1. If the tree is rotten it will be cut down and cast into the flames. 2. You will be
guided by me, said Parker Pyne firmly. I will deal with your tormentors. 3. Will he
be caught, do you think? 4. I dont promise you that it will be all plain sailing, but you
wont be hanged for murder. 5. Your son will be taken from you at twelve oclock noon
tomorrow the twenty ninth. 6. I hope I wont be called on to stand too long here I
always feel shaky when I stand for long in one place. 7. Youll see, hell be drugged on
the train! 8. They will be driven off in the Youth Hostel bus within the next hour. 9. I am
aware that by many I shall be held to blame for speaking in a manner so cursory. 10. I
guess hell be fired. I certainly hope so. 11. When a chronicler tells the exact truth, there
is always a danger that he will not be believed. 12. No, I dont want to stop here. Ill be
recognized. 13. That will be seen to. I have finished. 14. You will be spared all
unpleasantness. 15. Inquiries will be made, said the inspector. 16. But you cannot
carry out political conspiracies in my house. I will be ruined. 17. Our hearts are heavy
on this day, for you will most assuredly be missed by all of us. 18. But I must have a
guarantee on my side that she will be received on equal terms by your family.
Exercise 17.
Change the following sentences with the Future Indefinite Passive. Use the active
voice.
1. She will be allowed to graduate with her class and take the examination later. 2. It
may be some quite irrelevant detail, but it will never be forgotten. 3. No fear of that,
Viv, she wont ever be deserted, 4. Hell only be asked to say what he saw. 5. So dont
let us quarrel, my girl. You will not be made to suffer any more. 6. I suppose now Im
getting weaker, Ill be toed to go. But where can I go? 7. Now Ill be tortured thinking
youre after me for my money. 8. hes gone to make sure we shant be disturbed. 9. The
train is the 12:40 from Paddington and you will be met at Oakbridge Station. 10. An
Extraordinary General Meeting will be held tonight at the house of Number One at
11.30. 11. Their dependents will be discretely compensated in the usual manner. 12.
After were dead, people will fly about in balloons, the cut of their coats will be
different, the sixth sense will be discovered, and possibly even developed and used, for

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all I know. 13. Any message from Amy, sir, will be treasured. 14. It will, Im perfectly
sure, be appreciated. 15. Youll not be wanted to take the road till the storms passed
over. 16. In your new feminine world do you suppose women will be allowed to do
some more of the paying? 17. Then put the bottle away so I wont be tempted. 18. I
know what shell endure. Shell be starved, tortured and humiliated.
Exercise 18.
Change the following sentences. Use the passive voice.
1. Youre spoiling your own good time and youre spoiling everyone elses. 2. Im
not expecting him tonight, hes working. 3. Im chalking you up as a failure for
Ashleigh, he said. I never had much faith in you. 4. She is always washing or ironing
or mending clothes. 5. He tells me hes buying another dog on Saturday. 6. So long as
youre not helping me, then my conscience doesnt oblige me to help you either. 7.
Meanwhile were doing all we can. 8. We are now investigating a mysterious, violent
death. 9. Im admitting nothing. 10. Im giving you a simple, formal caution. 11. You
are holding back valuable information, misleading us. 12. Were searching, sir. If its
there, well find it. 13. I think youre making a mistake, sir. 14. Are you telling us that
you love all bobbies? 15. Youre making a quantum leap from a picture of an
overloaded boat to the gold content of the Japanese treasury. 16. Im talking of Scott.
16. Youre fouling the nest, Jenks. 18. If youre taking about the man well call Wilkins,
one, hes safe, in the black. 19. If youre telling me youre that Ive been a part of
setups, Im saying youre crazy as hell. 20. Every day they are blackmailing and
robbing ladies. 21. Is anybody watching you from the hotel? 22. We are treating the
death of this pony like homicide, with searches and questions and statements. 13. The
subject does not know that they are observing him. 24. They are not referring to that
incident. 25. They were always questioning him. 26. He is always doing this. 27. Im
doing everything I possibly can. 28. Do you understand what Im telling you? 29. The
saving banks are paying a better dividend and theyre attracting a lot of new money. 30.
Youre making a value judgment again.
Exercise 19.
Change the following sentences. Use the passive voice.

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1. The Japanese are putting you under surveillance. 2. Where are you taking me?
Back to the company. 3. Now youre telling me how I feel. 4. If youre hungry, Ill
call in some sandwiches. 5. Im just forcing you to see thing as they are. 6. Theyre
currently drafting a protest to state demanding to know why were stalling. 7. I dont
feel like Im accomplishing a damn thing here. 8. Im doing research on Japanese
economics after the war. 9. Im looking into the project. 10. Youre running your own
tight operation and youre doing it badly. 11. Why are you helping me? 12. Are you
telling me that you have already taken on this project? 13. Youre temping me. Do
you mean that? 14. Im not inventing anything. 15. Theyre putting special groups into
the field. 16. They are claiming jurisdiction over the homicide. 17. It pleases me to
know theyre feeling the pinch. 18. I am giving serious thought to moving to the Green
islands. 19. Youre forgetting the basic premise, Calder said..20 If hes messing
around with you wife, you let me know. 21. Then why are they shooting at me? 22.
They are calling for everybody to look for you. 23. Im just following the directive,
Jenkins said. 24. We believe you are deliberately impeding us in the execution of our
duly. 25. Incredulously he asked, Youre asking for help from the police? 26. Im
bursting to know what theyre talking about in there. 27. I suppose youre exercising
that right now. So be it. 28. Im not saying it because I hate you. 29. Tell him that I am
carrying half a million francs around with me because Im afraid to leave it in my room.
30. Theyre interpreting this as a personal feud.
Exercise 20.
Change the following sentences with the Present Continuous Passive. Use the active
voice.
1. Suppose were all being directed from somewhere else by remote control? 2. Are
you being attacked by a ghost in there? 3. Ill hear from him one of these days. Mean
time I am being blackmailed again. 4. He puts me in a very curious situation. I am really
being asked to be witness as well as judge. 5. The confectionery is being done over to
make it the place that all the young people will come to. 6. Im trying to solve the
murder of Fremont C. Sabin. Im being paid money by my clients for doing just that. 7.
Im glad you could stop by, Henry, he said. Where are the meetings being held

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today? 8. I know what is being made out of it. In your elegant way of life, I dare say
this is an ordinary occurrence 9. Shell probably decline to answer any question,
because shes being held in the detention ward on the suspicion of murder. 10. I
thought parrots slept at night, Drake said. They do. But when theyre being dragged
around the country in automobiles, they get nervous. 11. So Im being used. Why
not? Even a dead race horse is used to make glue. 12. No one who has money saved up
in a bank can really be happy. All the money locked up here is being saved because
people are afraid of a rainy day. 13. There are untold thousands of criminal foreigners in
the British Government, a monstrous threat to our liberty. 14. I protest against the way
in which my daughter, a young unmarried girl, is being dragged into this 15. There
are times I feel Im being choked to death suffocated under piles of English blankets.
16. hes left clues which are being scientifically exposed right now. 17. Io feel that
your cherished idealists soul is being gnawed out of you, and only irritation is left in
place of it: well, it isnt good enough. 18. Im being scratched from the Oxford Stakes at
the end of the year.
Exercise 21.
Change the following sentences with the Present Continuous Passive. Use the active
voice.
1. I even have reason to believe that the witness is being concealed against his will.
2. The witness is being interrogated as to his qualifications as an expert. 3. I suppose
many people in Paris are being killed now. 4. I am not making anything out of it. But I
know what is being made out of it. 5. This time youre being discharged by the patients
wife. 6. I have come to suspect that Lady Grayle is being poisoned. 7. I am being
introduced to a lady, by my friend Mr. Golspie. 8. I have an idea it was a private
ambulance, Its being chased now. 9. Whats the matter with you, Turgis, is that you
dont see how your legs being pulled, youre not property class-conscious yet. 10.
Bacon is being fried and coffee made. 11. Hair is being worn dishevelled this year. 12. It
will be delightful to catch him. Men always look so silly when they are caught. And
they are always being caught. 13. And the poor fat burlesque queen doesnt get a word
of it, but suspects shes being insulted. 14. Have you heard? The troops are being moved
from the district. Theyre being sent somewhere a long way off. 15. He lived alone in

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one of those derelict old houses that are being cleared away in order to build a block of
modern flats. 16. Am I being reprimanded, father? Alexander asked icily. 17. Make
certain were not being followed. 18. I dont think anything will go wrong, not unless
the house is being watched.
Exercise 22.
Change the following sentences. Use the Passive voice.
1. I think that Lawrence felt that I watching our backgammon he was observing the
progress of a mordant tragedy. 2. Two or three morning later he was baling hay with the
old womens sorry baler. 3. I was thinking about them. 4. I looked at him, said the
clerk who was telling us this, and I saw at once what he meant. 5. Peterson was
helping you but he began to have second thoughts and you killed him. 6. We were
playing another scenario but it fell through. 7. He was protecting me, I suppose. 8. Was
there any chance they were tapping the conversation? 9. He was making a joke. 10;.
Was she mocking him? 11. And as Mr. Graham was leaving the shop, I distinctly
overheard the following words. In all probability Bovey will die tonight. 12. They
were discussing a matter of the utmost importance. 13. traffic cops were preventing
people from making perfectly legal right turns. 14. She was staring at Eddie Mars. She
liked him. 15. I was reading a number of books about murder at the time. 16. Marlie
was running his business, with her talk about consumer education. 17. I was helping
him down the stairs with the trunk. 18. After all, I was belittling one of the most
important cases in his experience. 19. When I reached Mrs. Augers door a man was
ringing the bell. 20. I was just in time; the Doctor was brushing his hat. 21. While we
were holding this cheerful conversation I was leaning on an enormous wooden box in
the outer cellar. 22. He was gripping the desk so tightly it rattled against the floor. 23.
West was hardly playing the gracious host. 24. Odd, you see he half-thought we were
playing these threats on him. 25. As he was entertaining some of his friends that night,
he hoped she would waive ceremony and join them. 26. Mr. Satterthwaite was shaking
him warmly by the hand. 27. He was watching Mrs. Staverton.
Exercise 23.
Change the following sentences. Use the Passive voice.

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1. He was always doing that playing fast and loose with the institution. 2. I was not
referring to the murder of Mrs. Scott. 3. They were always questioning him. He was the
gap-filler for every jack in the city. 4. Then what did he do with the gold? Why was he
carrying rebuilt automobile engines? 5. They were watching him now, both of them,
caught up in his narrative. 6. Everyday took Takaeshis actions at face value, assuming
he was communicating the location of the gold to a group of radical. 7. I could hear the
scraping of the pen with which the chief was idly scribbling geometrical figures on his
blotting pad. 8. Miss Lowenthal was making visible efforts to steady her nerves. 9. I
was practically spending the reward money. 10. While he was arranging the jewels in
order I committed to paper what Mrs. Auger had told me. 11. Everybody was talking of
you r luck. 12. Charlie reported to Mareel that lady Wedderminster was carrying around
half a million francs on her person. 13. While Mareel was decoding his letter from the
boss he caught me looking at it. 14. She was bathing my temples with a wet
handkerchief. For a moment I thought I had wakened to a new existence. 15. He made
directly for my employer and kissed her hand as if he were conferring an order upon
her. 16. They were analyzing a game of bridge. 17. And while he was putting the
question to Burckhardt he would also bring up the question of Mac Burns. 18. One of
the officers was making notes in a gold-bound calendar pad. 19. They were discussing
Palmer as though he were not in the room. 20. Jenkins was conceiving energy now,
putting forth no effort to invent. 21. He realized that they were putting on a show for
somebody and were playing up to her. 22. I guessed that they were treating Madame
Storey I the same way but I could hear nothing. 23. I had an uncomfortable feeling that
somebody was following us through the streets. 24. Colonel Ferredge would be cross if
he knew we ere spending all our time on me. 25. I am not sufficiently a psychologist to
know whether it was guilt or merely fear which was distorting the handsome features
now. 26. By and by Turner Moale came strolling through the rooms, putting on his
princely manner whether anybody was watching him or not. 27. All this time something
hard, a towel I suppose, was pressing the coverlet into my face.
Exercise 24.
Change the following sentences with the Past Continuous Passive. Use the active
voice.

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1. While the brutal story was being recounted, the prisoner had stood with closed
eyes, leaning her hands upon the rail of the dock. 2. Calder was suddenly aware of the
possibility that the conversation was being recorded. 3. I suddenly lost patience because
I felt I was being badly treated. 4. He understood he was being chaffed. 5. He suspected
that a complaint was being duly registered. 6. Chase was too experienced a politician
not to recognize what was being offered. 7. As he was being served two small girls
came in. 8. Apparently the party was being held in one of those large detached studios.
9. Yet the root of the whole trouble was that too much money was being spent already.
10. He waited for Annabel, again hanging round the studios, and always on the set when
she was being filmed. 12. I forgot I was being cross-examined. 13. Ahead of us the port
lay in a wash of temporary floodlights. Two cargo-ships were being unloaded. 14.
Congeniality already reigned in the car and remarks were being shouted from one end of
it to the other. 15. The seats were being filled up rapidly and a pleasant noise circulated
in the auditorium. 16. But he must attend to the play, considering that he was being
educated, and so expensively. 17. It occurred to her that the phrase Martha is a great
reader was being used by herself exactly as her mother used it, and with as little
reason. 18. I would have given something for ability to hear what was being said up at
old Elihus house by him.
Exercise 25.
Change the following sentences with the Past Continuous Passive. Use the active
voice.
1. I thought Morgan was innocent when he was being tried in Los Angeles. 2. A
police patrol wagon stood in front of Murrys. Men were being led, dragged, carried,
from pool room to wagon. 3. Michael Linchan was still being questioned by the police.
4. By the mans expression and actions, Mel Bakersfeld could guess what was being
said. 5. She was like a victim that was being prepared for the savage rites of a bloody
idolatry. 6. The noise now was distinct. It might be that Davidson was being thrown out
of the room. 7. The car was being driven slowly uphill from the capital. 8. His wife was
dead, and now the child was being brought up by his sisters. 9. He suddenly discovered
that he was being addressed. 10. Barry Irving had known from the start that he was

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being blackmailed, not threatened with violence. 11. The price of rubber at that time
was so high that new estates were being pout under cultivation. 12. We passed a few
cars, saw nothing to show we were being chased. 13. At the United counter, a small
pantomime was being played. 14. I knew I was being watched. 15. While Elizabeth was
being put to bed Brush sat by Lottie having another cup of coffee. 16. While the point
was being debated a tall agile gentleman of fair complexion came from the far end of
the bar. 17. The first news of the war was being called in the streets, but he paid no
attention. 18. The countess knew she was being grossly flattered.
Exercise 26.
Change the following sentences. Use the passive voice.
1. We have studied the effect. Or call it the result. 2. You have not touched on the
result on the strictly material side. 3. Ive done pretty nearly everything in my short life,
but Ive never been a traitor. 4. When he disappears they will suppose that he has
confessed everything to you. 5. But while their lips smiled their eyes were ghastly.
Madame Storey has taught me something about eyes. 6. The management has provided
this gorgeous new palace of amusement to keep up their tone of Monte Carlo. 7. I have
never seen anybody like you. 8. His Highness the Prince has commanded it! 9. I have
read so much of your successes solving intricate crimes. 10. Weve checked everybody
in the club. 11. Youve know me a long time. 12. Ive told you all I know. Ive been
honest. 13. I am crooked. I have swindled and betrayed my own country. I did it with
my eyes open. 14. With all that done why havent you offered me a drink? 15. What
youve told us, sir you know it from Mr. Motamba himself? 16. Ive only seen him
twice in my life. 17. Have you heard from him? 18. Ive never met them, not even
professionally. 19. Heres the list of names. Ive fed it to Central Criminal Records just
in case. 20. I think I have cleared up one thing your Sopwith has not been murdered on
the premises. 21. I have never seen a face so transfigured with noble indignation. 22.
Hes left her a fortune, I hear. 23. From what Ive heard of our Rodney Collingford,
People might have started to get ideas about his fetching little widow. 24. Im getting
nearer, Collingford. Have you made your will? 25. I think Ive spoken to your wife. 26.
Ive talked to the Japanese telephone company. 27. Ive contacted Washington,
Springer said. 28. The sucker list I spoke of is in code. I havent cracked it yet, but there

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are about five hundred names.

Exercise 27.
Change the following sentences. Use the passive voice.
1. Since I havent visited her for a while, she has come in search of me. 2. I believe I
have found him. 5. Manys the time hes offered me a nip on a cold night, though not
when your mother could see. 4. Ive told her he was out. 5. But on principle, I have
never taught them tricks. 6. Some kids have built a rickety stepladder up the side of a
tree. 7. I have based my life o my misfortune, so to speak. 8. Mummy has put a
handkerchief over my mouth and nose and ties it in place with my scarf. 9. Ive watched
you smile over crispy chops. 10. Now she has taken out the pins. 11. In the matter of
money the General has instructed me to give you a cheque for that ever seems desirable.
12. Oh, I have left Letty at home. She is too excited to be of the slightest use. 13. He has
already given evidence, but it amounts to very little. 14. You know, Madame Maigret,
hes never read any detective stories. 15. Well, miss, said the police inspector, we
have now searched the whole house, and I hope you are satisfied. 16. There is little
doubt that the pawn-broker received the gold, and has already removed it to another
quarter. 17. The Raleighs have rented a car for their own sight-seeing, darling. 18. Ive
made contact with you, Harry. 19. Ive his type before. 20. I have never experienced
intense pain. 21. Ive seen the reports on past experiments. 22. So I have convinced you
that I can distract him by talking to him. 23. I truly believe you have made the right
decision. 24. I have figured out a way to return the money to the government. 25. What
you have paid me is quite enough. 26. Ive ordered dinner. But you might enjoy a
shower first. 27. Have you relayed the information to Washington? 28. Ive spent my
career in the agency.
Exercise 28.
Change the following sentences. Use the active voice.
1. He has been brought up in such an old-fashioned way. 2. Nobodys going to break
your heart if it hasnt been done already. 3. You have been robbed and drugged but you
remain yourself. 4. Id go away, Mrs. Griggs, but Ive been dismissed from so many

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meals lately that Im getting hungry. 5. And now, young woman, as I have been invited
here to spend the night, Id like to see my room! 6. He looks like hes been injured in a
game! 7. These high places have never been settled by men, so they are still innocent. 8.
I happen to know that he has been grossly misjudged and misrepresented by old
busybodies. 9. Im only repeating what Ive been told by other. 10. A lot has been
discussed and decided on since you cut out of here, Dotty. 11. It has been done before.
12. After today and all thats been said, I dont think, I want that picture youre doing.
13. Ive been robbed twice already. 14. My dear Mamma, all this has been discussed
between Clare and me. 15. An injustice has been done. I am going to set it fright. 16.
Youre not going to pretend youve been poisoned. 17. Youve been picked up in the
street dead drunk time and time again. 18. I have not been called back to town at all.
Exercise 29.
Change the following sentences. Use the active voice.
1. Some highly interesting fossils have been found. 2. I have sometimes been
accused of having a put0on accent by people who disapprove of good diction. 3. Nonno
and I have been continually reminded of the impertinence of thins lately. 4. Its still the
same rotten story whether its been told to a police inspector or to somebody else. 5.
Ive never been let alone. 6. Has this mans safe been searched? 7. The house next door,
the Larches, has recently been taken by a stranger. 8. For the past twenty-four hours I
have been watched by your police. 9. Ive no doubt that we have been invited here by a
madman. 10. I have been interrupted in my work. And why? 11. As has already been
stated, the weather was against the searchers. 12. You dont understand, youve been
taught wrong on purpose. 13. This story has been written at one sitting and without
interruption. 14. Its the worst crime thats ever been done. 15. I want to check my
phone and make certain it rings. It hasnt been rung all winter. 16. She sighed again.
Oh, my poor friend, weve been betrayed. 17. Ive been sent to see her on business.
Its very important. I hope shes in. 18. My father just wants to kill someone because of
the lies that have been told in this town about mother.
Exercise 30.
Change the following sentences. Use the passive voice.

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1. Through various intrigues in South-east Asia he had run that considerable sum into
a large fortune. 2. Poirot had made an absolute laughing stock of me. 3. A few years ago
Lord and Lady Yardly had paid a visit to the States. 4. Figure to yourself that for the
moment I had not thought of that. 5. It was true about the shingles, although I had
forgotten it. 6. He came home very seldom after he had made his unfavorable judgment
on Mother. 7. She talked that night about the school in Switzerland where she had left
her two children. 8. She had met him in France, or on the boat home. 9. She had taught
us never to be indecisive. 10. I remembered that once, twenty-five years ago, when I
had hit Lawrence on the head with a rock, he had picked himself up and gone directly to
our father to complain. 11. They did not want to go out because they had seen a snake
under the doorstep. 12. She went on reading and then, when hed repeated the statement,
she slowly raised her head. 13. It was as if the panther and the lion and the serpents and
the eagles and the hawks had penetrated his skin and lived inside him in a raging
warfare. 14. I was sure that Helen had made her decision alone. 15. The committee had
hung fish nets around the sides and over the high ceiling. 16. The organization seemed
out of all proportion once ken had tidied his garden and Miss Buchan had repainted her
door. 17. He had collected reparations in the amount of a half-million pounds for the
destruction of his plantation on the Malay Peninsula. 18. She had already wrenched out
the diamond with pliers upstairs. 19. I said to him that Lady Yardly had told her husband
all, that I was empowered to recover the jewel. 20. But as to why he insured his life, it
was because he had absolutely made up his mind that he would not live long. 21. None
of them had won anything. 22. He had taken off the bloody bandage and he held it in his
hand. 23. He handed her a large crocodile bag that she had left by the photographs. 24.
That was unwelcome news I hadnt noticed them about the place. 25. It took him five
minutes to find the scarf which Id hidden under a cushion. 26. I explained to them that
their cousins had eaten breakfast in the kitchen and that theyd run along in there. 27.
See, they had people whod seen Weasal batter me in a caf in F.W.
Exercise 31.
Change the following sentences. Use the passive voice.
1. Miss Buchan said shed heard noises from his garden a couple of times this week.

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2. Ken had given out goodies all round. 3. The police had reckoned Miss Buchan ad
disturbed the thugs in the nick of time. 4. It seemed to have a purgative force, as if it had
cleared my memory of, among other things, the penitential image of Ruth in the
laundry. 5. She would sit in the dark theatre for an hour and a half watching the screen
anxiously for the appearance of someone who had enjoyed his food. 6. Recently Mr.
Danderlea had put up a partition making two tiny boxes, giving at least the illusion of
privacy for the boy and the girl. 7. This bad temper meant she had finished her face and
wanted to put on her dress. 8. She had overheard Ken and Miss Buchan talking at the
ice cream van. 9. I was rescued from this mawkishness by two charming policemen who
escorted me home once I had made my statement. 10. I had heard him say, years ago,
that we and our friends had turned back to what we supposed was a happier and a
simper time. 11. In a shot time they were all romping together, and had dragged me into
the game. 12. When e arrived the priest had performed the marriage ceremony. 13. In
the past week Japanese firms had fought over four million acres of farmland in the
American wheat belt. 14. We found out that he had made love to Lady Yardly, and then
he had blackmailed her. 15. Marsdon Manor was a pretty big place to keep up, although
I believed he had bought it very cheap. 16. He had visualized nothing of the sort. 17. He
continued to flip through until he had almost reached the front of he book. 18. With the
aid of mirror the artist had tattooed on the top of his hand miniature owl, perfect in
every detail. 19. As I had told him, I was not very hopeful of success. 20. The room was
cold. Someone had opened the big door onto the dock. 21. We know Lawrence had
heard her. 22. And the sprouts hadnt made me big and brave. 23. He wondered,
puzzled, why he had stolen his own diamond. 24. he told us that Mrs. Maltravers had
permitted him to lead her to a chair. 25. I thought Id done great work. 26. But she had
made no attempt to go. 27. When Michael had finished eating and had gone out to the
verandah, his father followed and sat don beside him.
Exercise 32.
Change the following sentences. Use the active voice.
1. The conversation turned on Jolyon, and when he had been seen last. 2. The girl
Eliza had belonged to a well-to-do family; she had been gently treated and well educate.
3. His manner indicated the subject was closed until I had been put in my place. 4.

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When the last pocket had been turned out he returned to his own chair. 5. The horses
had been taken out, and were grazing by the roadside like common horses. 6. The box
contained material for make-up and had been left with other things by a theatrical
company. 7. He tried still to feel that his life had been blighted by Ruth. 8. Martha
listened to Mrs. Van Rensbergs long account of how she had been courted by Mr. Van
Rensberg 9. By then some of the indignation in his manner had been replaced by
caution. 10. The local blacksmith told me that the gat had been damaged, presumably by
Sir Yames car. 11. It was too years now since Mackintosh had been appointed Walkers
assistant. 12. Later he married a girl who had money. She had been left a large fertile
farm when her father died. 13. Elizabeth could not remember her mother. Her girlhood
had been lived in the most haphazard manner imaginable. 14. In the upper part of the
house there were many rooms and in some of them no glass had been put into the
windows. 15. When the arithmetic had been muddled and travestied, John Whiteside
arose from his chair. 16. It was a fine joke that Mr. Know-All had been caught out. 17.
The telegram was a duplicate of the one that had been phoned. 18. He dashed out to the
car and drove off, pretending to forget that good-bye had not been said. 19. He drank the
cup of coffee that had been given him and began to read his paper again.20. Lily, to
whom I had been introduced about ten minutes before, had on a red and green
Christmas striped dress. 21. What she believed had been built for her by the book she
read.
Exercise 33.
Change the following sentences. Use the active voice.
1. By the time Jim and Sarah came back, Id been given a bd. 2. He had been paid his
money an wished to be at peace with men. 3. This scheme had been carefully thought
out by Van Densie. 4. From her earliest infancy Gertrude had been brought up by her
aunt. 5. His dressing had been interrupted by a telephone call from Mrs. Waddingtons
butler. 6. She was a married woman whod been deserted by her husband. 7. At the
airport, the ten-inch snow had been preceded by a continuous, if somewhat lighter fall.
8. The clothes had bee made obviously by a Spanish tailor. 9. She looked like a nice old
horse that had been turned out to pasture after long service. 10. Here a tray had been
placed with five covered plates. 11. I did approximately as I had been told. 12. At the

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police station a policeman told him that his bicycle had been found. 13. Her girlhood
had been lived in the mot haphazard manner imaginable. 14. Although he had also been
raised in an Ohio town, the instructor began to put on the airs of the city. 15. In one spot
the trees had been cleared away, and a seat had been put. 16. He was aware that what
had been said about conditions away from the terminal was true. 17. The two of them
had been seen a good deal, lately in each others company. 18. He had wavy black hair
that shone again, and a vigorous black beard that had never been shaved. 19. The
woman backed into a room, which had been thoroughly straightened, dusted, and swept.
An empty canebottomed chair had been placed by the bed. 20. Now the sheets on her
bed were aggressively clean. The quilt had been aired in the sun.
Exercise 34.
Complete the sentences using the Past Continuous or the Past Perfect Passive of the
verbs in the box.
say, mow, follow, inflict, punish, expect, open, wipe, take, throw, cut, save, serve,
heat, eat, teach, convert, drink, make, explain, check, deprive, ask, spill, run, treat, load
1. While the water for ;2bath we played cards. 2. Probably in the school they had
gone to as girl that kind of work for one year. 3. The situation was fraught with
danger. Everyone as in low spirits and the dinner in silence. 4. Though the dinner
was ready and the table laid they didnt sit down to table as some more guests 5.
While their luggage the Macphails and Mrs. Davidson watched the crowd. 6. A
motor-cyclist had collided with a car at a cross-roads and terribly injured. 7. Calder
kept his eyes on Jenkins for he knew beyond doubt what on the telephone. 8. We
enjoyed watching the gardeners at work. The broad expanse of turf with great care.
9. His pocket money severely since the death of his father and every penny in the
family to make both ends meet. 10. Though all the guests hadnt arrived yet dinner
11. But then he stopped and listened. The outer door and fee 12. He paused in a
large and gloomy chamber which at some period to the uses of a library. 13. When
we arrived the party was I full swing. Speeches , wine 14. At my fathers place at
table there was an overturned dining-chair and some crockery and cutlery on the floor.
Some drink 15. The running of the farm as it never before was easy for him. 16.

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The children were excited: they to the zoo the next morning. 17. He looked about
what , but could fid nothing. It was quite dark. 18. He hastened. He had a feeling that
he and looked back but nobody was in sight. 19. He was less amused by what
happened next. Miss Buchans door similarly. 20. It was not possible to say how the
injuries 21. She loved driving very fast, and boasted of the fact that she never, in her
thirty-five years of driving for a driving offence. 22. Nick was so dated by his
success in spots that he couldnt concentrate on what at the lesson. 23. The Minister
of Education announced that all the institutes in Georgia for drugs. 24. I discovered
on the morning I brought the parrot home, that, like Pluto, it also of one of its eyes.
25. He to dinner at half past nine and it was nearly ten.
Exercise 35.
Complete the sentences using the Past Continuous or the Past Perfect Passive of the
verbs in the box.
give, turn, pt, change, steal, use, give, taste, count, pay inquire, ask, fold, stop, kiss,
discuss, explore, make, see, search, lecture, plant, send, pave, introduce, give, discharge
1. I heard, just as the handle , a sound from within. 2. These were letters, which
originally in the Important Answered file. 3. Unfortunately, Mrs. Moar found out
the pictures almost as soon as Carl had made the switch. 4. My car was in my garage,
except when it I town. 5. And all the time that roll of notes was lying on the table
where it had been when she the change. 6. After these best seats for Turgis was
left with exactly three-and-three-pence to take him through the rest of the week. 7. In a
sudden burst of candor he added that he never cocktail in his life. 8. He was the chap
who by Miss Lena Golspie the night before. 9. When she sat down the other three
were already there. Work ... 10. Jack reappeared while the topic of the heat and humility
still 11. It was quiet but for the audible sound which by his machinery. 12. Mr.
Kernan was a commercial traveler o the old school which believed n he dignity of its
calling. He never in the city without a silk hat of some decency and a pair of gaiters.
13. The corn was shoulder high and right down to the sidewalk. 14. The girls had
composed a number of thank-you notes, each wittier than the last but one yet. 15.
Our change as he paid a bill. 16. At five oclock yesterday you after by a man we

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had not seen before. 17. I tried to tell you no lies when I questions. 18. He walked
slowly, skirting a pile of deck chairs which back. 19. At the interval Martha ate ice
cream in the foyer with a group of young people to whom, it seemed, she already 20.
She and Miss Lavish had had an adventure also. They at the Dazio coming back, and
their reticules for provision by the young officials. 21. While I on these frailties
by Lawrence, the others came up from the court. 2. The whole day yesterday the street
in front of our house 23. My son fell alee while he instructions. 24. The girl
received the announcement as easily as it 25. Time had been when he had seen her
wearing nothing! That was something, anyway, which never from him. 26. The
ambulance had taken her to the hospital from which she on the same afternoon.
Exercise 36.
Complete the sentences using the Past Continuous or the Past Perfect Passive of the
verbs in the box.
burn, warn, wave, lock, dust, clean, elect, dust, invite, establish, substitute, sweep,
wash, air, see, find, escort, raise, do, throw, educate, test, make, dry, play, take, bury,
(not) convert, keep, discharge
1. The kitchen was full of smoke and smell. Something 2. He knew what was
coming. He 3. The snow filled the air like a huge fleecy white blanket which
gently to and fro outside the window. 4. Before the funerals the parlor always except
during the monthly cleaning. 5. My sisters were giving the house a general clean when I
came home. The furniture , the floors and, the room 6 Nick would never
wear a suit, in one for years. 7. Was he still lying where he 8. The knife with
such force that it required quite an effort to pull it out. 9. About two thousand students
in Sokhumi Branch of Tbilisi State University last year when it was transformed into
an independent University. 10. Bert Munroe and by the springtime he was the most
energetic member. 11. The teacher didnt let us in because the students in English.
12. While hay it started to rain heavily and the peasants ran for cover. 13. When I
came home the fish an I had only to cook t. 14. Mason looked at the poweder, which
over various objects. 15. While my shirt I had to wear an old one. 16. The houses
which into flats and private hotels now belonged to doctors and dentists an

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photographers. 17. It was doubtful how he had become awe that Roger that day
because he came o the funeral and we hadnt sent him any telegram. 18. When we came
into the hall a waltz and some couples were dancing to the music. 19. Things always
from him as if he were not to be trusted. 20. She said that Belles picture from the
frame and a picture of Miss Joyce 21. He was more than a little surprised to find
himself at seven-forty in a house where he to dine at half-past eight. 22. When I first
met him he long as one of the smartest men in London. 23. Rachel rang up to say
that Priscilla and was on the way back. 24. While all this he kept an eye on the
form lying in the bed. 25. The next thing she to the side gate by Ken at a rapid trot.
26. The corridor was still empty but the center blind of the rear compartment
Exercise 37.
Put the sentences into the Passive. Mind that instead of the Perfect tenses of the
Continuous aspect, the corresponding tenses of the common aspect are used.
Models:

A. I have been questing the servants.

- The servants have been questioned.
B. A lady had been asking for you.
- You had been asked for by a lady.

1. I find that my attorney has been robbing me. 2. Theyve been frisking the place for
fingerprints. 3. For the last hour or so, the Sovereign had been doing excellent business,
chiefly with young wives. 4. Wed been making George a very handsome allowance. 5.
Its what Ive been telling you for weeks. 6. For three years he had been urging
construction of a new runway to parallel three zero, as well as other operational
improvements. 7. Alice and I had been making vague plans to go away together even if
only for one night. 8. For many years, Mrs. Quest had been describing women who used
cosmetics as fast. 9. Some idiot boy, he said slowly, has been chucking rotten
apples. 10. Just lately Ive been making nothing, not a bean. Just paying expenses,
thats all. 11. I have been interrogating her, but so far have had little success. 12. I see
you have been keeping all sorts of things from me! 13. You see, Ive been instituting a
few inquiries as to what Parker has been doing with himself this evening. 14. Im afraid
that you havent been giving me your individual attention. 15. For years Mr. and Mrs.
Quest had been discussing these things. 16. After a time Miss Morgan felt that she had

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been humoring the older children too much. 17. His wife had been calling on the
Munroes that morning. 18. At morning recess she and he had been swapping bird cards
out of Arm and Hammer Baking Soda boxes as I passed by. 19. Anybody would think to
hear you that youd been spending weeks thinking it all out purely for my benefit. 20.
She had been saving every penny she could for moths with this result. 21. A small band
of enthusiasts had been pursuing this botanical search on the slopes of mountains for
about ten days. 22. Ive been watching you. You look awfully bad-tempered. 23. The
trouble is that you have been looking on them with a bilious eye. 24. We had been
talking of horses just before leaving the Rue C. 25. Ive been looking into that this
afternoon. 26. Youve been nagging her, but from now on youre going to lay off.
Understand? 27. Then she sprang up and picking his scarf and hat from the fender said:
I have been drying them for you.
Exercise 38.
Put the sentences into the Passive. Mind that instead of the Perfect tenses of the
Continuous aspect, the corresponding tenses of the common aspect are used. Use the
model of the previous exercise.
1. She had been changing her frock, and was still imperfectly clothed. 2. Those
fellows had been serving the cause of progress for upward of two years. 3. Weve been
talking it over since we got your letter last month. 4. Ive just been telling her to keep
quiet a bit and not give any back answers. 5. Hes been asking about you. he wants to
see you. 6. Ive been managing some olive groves. 7. I note from Mr. Hiblers lesson
plan tat you have been discussing the modes of Egyptian irrigation. 8. Thats she been
telling you about Dad? 9. Christabel had been writing letters in her own room. 10. He
had been staring t the speaker with bursting eyeball. 11. He was laughing heartily in a
high key at a story, which he had been telling Gabriel on the stairs. 12. After al the years
during which Dr. Audlin had been treating the diseased souls of men he knew how thin
a line divides those whom we call sane from those whom we call insane. 13. He had
been checking the title and author of nearly every book in the study. 14. They had been
expecting him to return any time these last few days. 15. George thought she must have
rubbed her nose with her finger after she had been handling some of the kitchen pots.
16. Ive been doing it for years. 17. He has been telling me about this Mephistopheles

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scheme of yours. 18. Ive been firing the engine in that laundry for the last two weeks.
19. Theres something going wrong with you, boy. Ive been noticing it for two weeks.
20. Mr. Beebe has just been scolding me for my suspicious nature. 21. Look, Ive been
calling you Patie for days. Wont you call me by my name, Eugene? 22. The porter
handing me the key, said that a lady had been asking for me. 23. The little Canadian had
been watching me curiously while I talked. 24. You have been pestering me for quite a
while. 25. So in fact since Christopher left Ive been doing a variety of odd jobs. 26. We
have been discussing the disappearance of Captain Harwell. 27. Shes been seeing to her
passport, and packing. 28. Just lately, youve not been taking your work in the right
spirit at all.
Exercise 39.
Determine the sentences in which the combination to get + Participle II is an
analytical form of the passive voice.
1. Hes I hospital. He got knocked down by a car last night. 2. Did you get
reelected? Seward laughed. 3. Youll get whipped on your bare bottom when I come
back. 4. I cant understand why he did it but he did and got copped for it as well. 5.
Youre just going away for a while till things get straightened out. 6. Vivie, put your hat
on, dear, youll get sunburnt. 7. They used to call Alexander Ignatyevich the lovesick
Major, and he didnt get annoyed. 8. We get stuck in Valerie Bemis house for nearly
an hour. 9. It is the people who dont know how to play with fire wh get burned up. 10.
when you have o take your happiness in snatches, in little bits and then lose it you
gradually get hardened and bad-tempered. 11. the one advantage of playing with fire
Lady Caroline, is that one never gets even singed. 12. Just a while, and youll get settled
all right, Mrs. Sawney. 13. You see, one sometimes gets taken in: I came in here last
week and took two books that seemed very nice and I never noticed till I got home that
hey were both old books. 14. Untold labor and money is spent on it, and then suddenly
it falls and gets smashed. 15. We get rattled, and then we do the wrong thing and are
sorry afterward. 16. Well, she, too, got cheated a long time ago. 17. Im afraid that
bronze thing got broken. It wont stand up properly. 18. We dont know where our Papa
is. Perhaps he got burned in the fire. 19. I got paid, sure, but Id have had to do it
anyway. 20. People are born in a tigers mouth. I snatch them out and some of them get

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caught on the teeth thats what youre blaming me for. 21. He got sent to prison in
connection with the Panama affair. 22. I had a chance at a beautiful shot, so of curse I
get knocked out of the way. 23. Ha-ha! Who got fooled? Ha-haaaa! Insufferable cross
yourself, you old windbag. 24. And genealogists come up from Boston get paid by
city people for looking up their ancestors. 25. I was one of the poor devils who got wave
onwards. 26. Only one block got burn down, but to begin with it looked as if the whole
town was going to be set on fire by that wind.
Exercise 40.
Put the verbs in brackets into the required tense of the passive voice using get as an
auxiliary verb.
1. She almost (to run) over by that hardware store wagon. 2. We positively (to elbow)
into the corner. 3. Hes buried in that little churchyard just up the road, but he nearly
(not to bury) at all.4. Hes fine. Hes just come back up from Portland. (To stop) twice
for speeding. 5. Lies in these affairs always (to find) out. 6. I told you before, Im not
responsible. If you lot (to evict), youve only yourself to thank. 7. They were away for
at least three months. Why their house (not to rob) then, when they were safely out of
the way? 8. The rest of them (to cop), but he made the sneak. 9. Youd better not let a
copper see you begging or you (to send) to Borstal. 10. Joe was just talking about the
day you were born and the water (to shut off). 11. It was much a better place for a
woman to be in than the factory where Anne Jane (to poison). 12. I (to pay) for
protection in this country, plenty paid for it. 13. He (to make) Agent last year. 14. What
will happen when that pane of glass (to smash) some day? 15. They all (to citify), thats
the trouble with them. 16. I went to the war; (to clap down) like a bedbug; woke up I a
room without a leg. 17. Well keep it up; we (not to catch) by people. 18. It was a shock t
me when I heard he was married. Why all the attractive men (to snap up) young? 19. I
just hop he (to pay) all he can get and gets some innocent pleasure out of it. 20. Thats
Signor Rossi he has tuberculosis. (To cure up) here? 21.When I (to chuck) out of
that job in Paris I didnt come home. 22. Actually, its a kind of story. But completely
scientific. It tells what would happen if the earth (to invade) by Venus. 23. You paint
the ceiling and breathe in all that lead, and its no good. Maybe, but a lot of ceilings
(to paint). 24. Im keen to know, sir. But I reckon I (to tell) all I need to know. 25.

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Except for the fact that Aunt Dahlia lost her shirt at baccarat and Angela nearly (to
inhale) by a shark while aqua planning, a pleasant time was had by all. 26. After all the
money Id wasted on your education, and all you did was (to fire) I disgrace, from every
college you went to! 27. And dont start telling me you dont want any dinner, just
because you (to sack)! 28. Well, his mother complained to our mam one day at the
end of the yard about a month after they (to splice), hes made his bed, and he can lie
on it 29. I heard you (to wash up) in that South County stock, he observed. 30. If
she (to pick up) again by the law, you cant say I didnt warn you, Mr. Cutrere. 31. He
(to kick out) of play-school for ruining a book. 32. Anyway, when the trial (to move) to
Cincinnati, I wasnt really needed.
Exercise 41.
Make the following sentences Passive according to the model. Give two variants
where possible.
Model:

They gave him the task.

a) He was give the task.
b) The task was given (to) him.

1. I sent him some anonymous postal orders. 2. We gave them something to do. 3.
They showed me those footsteps. 4. The spared Lena the technical language. 5. I never
told you a lie. 6. I brought you some fresh brown eggs. 7. Father promised he boy a
bicycle. 8. Her sister taught us music at school. 9. They showed the man the way to the
destination. 10. They gave him a thorough examination. 11. They rented us a car. 12. I
never asked him the question. 13 They show us round and offer a lot of inaccurate
antiquarian information. 14. I permitted my patients the privilege of roaming to and fro
at will. 15. We paid a tidy sum or the car. 16. The doctors had ordered me a sleeping
draught chloral hydrate during recent bouts of pain.17. Then she tried to be more
friendly, because Jim had given her the eye, like little dog. 18. They will have refused
the girl assistance. 19. They sent the local charities such generous cheques. 20. We have
handed you your documented mixture. 21. He had promised the workers a rise in their
wages. 22. He never refuses his fiends a loan. 23. I shall pay him his debt when I com
into money. 24. I feel that they envy me my success at the office. 25. The management

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of the factory granted the workers a big allowance in connection with the jubilee. 26. I
am sure she will never forgive him his misdemeanour.
Exercise 42.
Make the following sentences Passive according to the model. Give two variants
where possible.
Model:

He handed her a glass.

a) She was handed a glass.
b) A glass was handed (to) her.

1. They offered mother thousands and thousands for the house. 2. We sent you a wire
three days ago. 3. The church gave her a very nice headstone. 4. He sowed me the city.
5. The Tate Management offered the group a unique opportunity. 6. I told you the truth.
7. He gave me the exact words. 8. She paid him for the work he had done. 9. Martha
made him a deep tart of black berries. 10. We went to London and I showed hr the
world. 11. We told them the name of the place. 12. He brought me some peaches. 13.
Nick has bought the girls flowers regularly. 14. They have promised us a free pardon.
15. He has given me a bob for slot machines. 16. They will not teach me the way of that
world. 17. On his forth trial they had awarded him a bronze medal. 18. We asked the
teacher a question. 19. Thy did not give them enough to eat. 20. We left every friend
some little token of our affection. 21. Someone in the house had told her every detail of
the awful tragedy. 22. We recommended him some doctors for the consultation. 23. The
teacher is asking the pupils some questions on chemistry. 24. They will teach us
shorthand at college. 25. They have sold us a pig in a poke. 26. They declared the
murderer guilty. 27. I hope they will pay us a compensation. 28. She showed him the
door for his perjury. 29. I hall not make you any allowance, said the teacher to Nick.
30. His parents have left them a rich inheritance.
Exercise 43.
Make the following sentences Passive according to the models of the previous
exercises.

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1. She buys the children ice-cream every day.2. Has he returned you your book? 3.
My father promise me a car on my birthday. 4. They allowed us three days off at our
office. 5. Nick will tell me all the facts when we meet. 6. The self-willed ruler denied
the people freedom of assembly. 7. At the restaurant they ordered us two bottles of
champagne. 8. Im happy, they have actually awarded me the order of Sait Stanislav,
second class. 9. I hear the man is leaving me insurance. 10. While they waited they
showed Martha the ground floor rooms. 11. They give your mother the coupons already
clipped by me. 12. They showed Hector the livestock department. 13. Thy will teach
you the lesson in fire and blood and anguish. 14. We gave every man a copy of The
Monkeys of New Guinea. 15. They have sent our host no more than a basic contract.
16. Has he ever told you a lie? 17. They offered the milkman a glass of his own milk.
18. You have taught her nothing useful. 19. During the hot part of the afternoon they
served the others chilled fruit juice. 20. During her first year in the store they paid
Dulcil five dollars per week. 21. They sold one lady Golden Dreams as exactly the
reading for a holiday. 22. Nobody has offered me anything to drink. 23. We have told
you the whole story. 24. They paid him fifteen shillings for a literary column every
Wednesday in The Daily Express. 25. They gave every one of us a short course in
salesmanship. 26. They suggested us a very interesting idea. 27. The doctors
recommended me a rest in the mountains. 28. Have they told her the news yet? 29. They
dont sell the children alcohol and tobacco.
Exercise 44.
Rewrite each sentence so that it ends with the word underlined. Use the passive
voice.
Model:

We sent for the doctor.

- The doctor was sent for.

1. Dont worry. You can rely on him. 2. His bed was as I had left. Nobody had slept
in it. 3. She couldnt understand why these people were staring at her. 4.You couldnt
find fault with her cookery. 5. Your father thinks that you must account for your
behavior at the restaurant. 6. All children look forward to New Year. 7. She is
heartbroken yesterday a lorry ran over her pet. 8. Since that time we have never heard

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of her. 9. If you need any financial help you can always count on me. 10. I shall give
you a definite answer only after I have looked into the matter. 11. If people want peace
they must work for it. 12. In many laboratories of our town biologists experiment on
guinea-pigs. 13. Somebody is waiting for you. 14. After a long discussion we agreed
upon the date and the agenda of our next meeting. 15. Dont you want to know how I
paid for al the expenses? 16. She is lucky. Day and night her husband only waits on her
caprices. 17. I see somebody has been monkeying with the spring lock on the back door.
18. For years Ive given good advice but nobody has ever acted upon it.19. How did you
get rid of the mice in your house? 20. That evening we didnt refer to the matter again.
21. I feel insulted when a man beckons to me. 22. I wonder from what you derive you
income. 23. He is so wise that everybody seeks after his advice. 24. You must not ask
too much of it. 25. My friends often call on me. 26. When I first came here nobody even
thought of Mr. Dickie. 27. I only managed to give a good talk after I had looked through
several scientific books and newspapers. 28. When I opened the door they were
speaking of me. 29. They cannot serve you until they have dealt with the first customer.
Exercise 45.
Rewrite each sentence so that it ends with the word underlined. Use the passive
voice. For the model see the previous exercise.
1. They sent for the duchess immediately. 2. Dorothys brother went to South
America and nobody ever heard of him since. 3. They accounted for all the tickets
except one. 4. These pains will clear up of their own accord when you do not think
about them. 5 He suspected somebody had set fire to his car. 6. I hate when people make
a fool of me. 7. He was such a simpleton that people imposed upon him. 8. When he
came back home he found somebody had broken into his flat. 9. After a long dispute
they arrived at a definite decision. 10. His wife looked well after his children and his
house. 11. He thought that somebody had been tampering with his things. 12. Emma
laid the table while the men talked over politics. 13. The girls eyes filled with tears
when her father shouted at her. 14. He is in no need of money. His parents provide well
for him. 15. What enraged him was the thought that somebody was following and
spying upon him. 16. I guessed what subject she was alluding to. 17. The press
commented on the Presidents speech at the Parliament. 18. Nobody has played on this

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court since then. 19. I should never step inside the house where nobody listens to me.
20. She remained an old mad though she had had many boyfriends and they had often
proposed to her. 20. In the evening she sighed with relief as she at last had disposed of
all the rubbish in the cellar. 21. You can depend on me. 21. You can depend on me. 22.
Leave him alone. You shouldnt interfere with him. 23. After saying good-bye to our
friends we stood on the shore till we lost sights of the ship. 24. She was never the one to
start the conversation. She spoke only when others spoken to her. 25. Nobody likes
when people laugh at them. 26. In his speech the President touched on many urgent
problems. 27. He at last did away with the bad habit of smoking. 28. I dont like that
they are banding about my money. 29. To get my money back I resorted to threats. 30.
His parents disapproved of his friends. 31. He refused to lend me the money until Mr.
Smith had vouched for me. 32. It was the first time they were operating on him.
Exercise 46.
Make up sentences with the Prepositional passive using the following intransitive
verbs with prepositions.
I
to look at, to look for to look after, to rely on, to approve of, to speak to, to put up
with, to listen to, to send for, to provide for, to comment upon, to depend on (upon) t run
over, to insist on, to dispose of, to spy upon, to touch on, to wait for, to lookthrouh, to
live in, to act upon, to sleep in, to mock at
II
to account for, to agree upon, to allude to, to arrive at, to laugh at, to interfere with, to
hear of, t look up to, to do away with, to look down upon, to talk about, to talk to, to
refer to, to think about, to impose u on, to break into, to wait on, to deal with, to operate
on, to play on, to monkey with, to resort to, to run over, to gossip about, to call upon
Exercise 47.
Make up sentences with the prepositional passive using the following verbal
phraseological units.

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I
to find fault with, to lose sight of, to make fun of, to make use of, to pay attention to,
to make light of, to get rid of, to get hold of, to make a fool of, to get in touch with
II
to catch sight of, to set fire to, to take care of, to take notice of, to put an end to, to
make a fuss of, to take advantage of, to play a trick on, to look forward to
Exercise 48.
Supply appropriate prepositions.
1. A few says later Mr. Gruyter was taking a walk, partly for exercise and partly to
see that some job he wanted done was being duly proceeded 2. Christmas Day
was looked as no more than a rehearsal for New Year. 3. it never entered his head
that he was called to do anything for others. 7. She was always sent when the
women quarreled over their tubs and always succeeded in making peace. 5. Its
flattering, its gratifying to know that youre still being talked in your old home
town. 6. Now lets skip back a little to where you said the country place was disposed
7. There is nothing reassuring about the sight of a man who has been worked with
a hatchet.8. He was shouted to go on, but he still called to her. 9. The fact that
Frankie was an only child was accounted by the rumor that the father, having seen
Frankie at birth, had decided to run no more risks. 10. What is this stuff this things
made 11. Since he has been at the Foreign Office, he has been so much talked in
Vienna. 12. What makes you think your gin was set fire ? 13. Traditionally, financial
salesmen have been looked suspiciously. 14. They had been stared in return. 15.
He has been got ! I know it. I havent a shadow of proof, but I tell you, Parker, I
know when a chaps crooked! 16. Try to cut your roots, and youre done 17. He
acquired a voice of authority that was listened 18. It is often resorted in the
interests of an accused person. 19. The old were looked , as long as they didnt
outstay their welcome. 20. If you give up your pride, what are you left , really? 21.
Im going to see that none of the evidence is tampered 22. He was calm, even
cheerful as long as he was not spoken 23. As was remembered and commented
afterwards there had been an unusually long spell of dry weather. 24. The upper story of

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the house had never been lived 25. They sit in the sun, and are waited , and bathe
and chat, barefoot on the white evening sand. 26. It should never be parted 27. For
years Ive given advice, and never once has it been acted 28. Captain Harwell had
been murdered, done away 29. That is exactly what things were originally made
30. Yes, but you do not know you will not understand that life is penetrated and
by our feeling, imagination and will. 31. The dessert succeeded, the children came
in, and were talked and admired amid the usual rate of conversation. 32. So one night
he was wanted to go on a call and they couldnt find him anywhere. 33. Dorothy
Sikes brother went on to South America and was never heard again. 34. And would
you ask me to live in Ireland where Ive been imposed and kept in ignorance? 35.
Youll have a lot more to go through before youll be done 36. I got to go up. Im
being called 37. All we want, Sigismanfred, is somewhere safe to assemble our
device. That is being planned 38. Miss Kate was that high when I first came and Mr.
Dickie hadnt even been thought 39. Then the newcomer George Brush was called
He Sang his Alma Mater so beautifully that all the workers crowded about him. 40. It
was worse to discern that he was being made a fool 41. Colonel Campbells
residence being in London, every lighter talent had been done full justice , by the
attendance of first-rate masters. 42. The cost of their building has been paid over and
over again by successive tenants. 43. Fathers should not be spoken like that.
Exercise 49.
Supply appropriate prepositions.
1. The most revolting thing in him was a very pronounced harelip which had never
been operated 2. Mr. Quin is vouched by an expert. 3. If Im wanted I can always
be sent 4. She was beckoned by a man at one of the many desks. 5. The subject
was no more alluded during the long and dreary walk home. 6. It was not till next
day that the matter was referred again. 7. The subject has not even been touched
8. A few nervous breakdowns could be counted , too, usually among the younger
girls. 9. The absence of Ralph Paton was commented by the coroner. 10. Three
landing places were always agreed before the run was attempted. 11. What enraged
him was the thought that he bed been followed, spied 12. He will be heard . next
summer at Coney Island. 13. His first thought upon seeing her was a sudden,

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treacherous recollection of a remark that had been bandied at the time of her
wardship. 14. There, a small group of people had collected and were being shouted
by the gate-keeper. 15. And now, Dr. Trench, may I ask what your income is derived ?
16. Some other way of entering limbo must be thought 17. She was well spoken
by the concierge of the apartments. 18. I was sought , admired, proposed , feted.
19. How in hell do you think all that sickness and dying was paid ? 20. The words
were hardly out of his mouth when the silence was suddenly broken by a confusion,
cries, and a rapid patter of naked feet. 21. For a moment Martha was irrationally angry,
as if she had been spied 22. I know very well that Im not listened 23. I believe
there are admirable home where people of that kind are looked and reformed. 24.
The room was presided by a dispatcher. 25. Ralph has been looked for so long as
practically Ackroyds own son. 26. He had been experimented by a very clever
psychologist. 27. His bed hadnt been slept 28. They wont be gossiped out loud.
29. When Mrs. Quest first arrived, she was laughed , because of the piano and the
expensive rugs. 30. These parties were looked forward and remembered with great
pleasure by the people of the valley. 31. If I am able to declare myself absolutely
satisfied that the overdose was taken accidentally, an inquest might be dispensed 32.
Im sorry, Sheila. But it was all over and done , last summer. 33. When I got home on
Saturday I thought my things had been tampered 34. He looked round triumphantly.
More lights were being turned , the orchestra was beginning to tune up again. 35.
That money was worked , let me tell you, worked hard. 36. No definite answer
could be arrived 37. We were waited by two footmen instead of four. 38. If they
must be provided , let other people look after them. 39. Como, Bertha. Thats a thing
Ive not been accused before. 40. In a word, she was never heard more. 41. I dont
think my experience is being made use 42. Ive been made a fool and imposed
all my life. 43. Mrs. Bart was spoken by her friends as a wonderful manager. 44. The
spring lock on the door was fastened and had no marks to show it had been monkeyed

Exercise 50.
Put questions to the italicized parts.
1. He will be heard from next summer at Coney Island. 2. The absence of Ralph

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Paton was commented on by the coroner. 3. He had been experimented upon by a very
clever psychologist. 4. Youre protected by the contract. 5. The fiery liquor was lowered
by the addition of twice or thrice the quantity of water. 6. One side of her dress had
been soaked by the wave which had borne them in. 7. Unhappy blackamoors on the
Congo and the Amazon were being treated as English serfs. 8. Im being worried by my
ancestors. 9. I have been paid already to the end of January. 10. Id been asked to give
her some letters. 11. You have already been told that Mr. Ackroyd doesnt want to be
disturbed. 12. Im really being asked to be witness as well as judge. 13. Toby has been
introduced already to our little group. 14. Shots of scotch were being passed around in
polystyrene cups. 15. I his youth Wash Williams had been called the best telegraph
operator in the state. 16. The frankness of the previous fifteen or twenty thousand years
was considered abnormal. 17. That is the custom of the Sahibs when truth is told in
their presence. 18. His cries were heard by a farmer. 19. She was shown into her suite
at the Ritz. 20. She was sent away for being a thief. 21. Every boy of more than ten
years will be made to wear a pair of trousers. 22. The door had been formed of planks
by a native carpenter.
Exercise 51.
Put questions to the italicized parts.
1. That year he had been given a minor post in the government. 2. My cosmopolite
was named E. Rushmore Coglan. 3. Richmond was being deliberately sent to death. 4.
Ive always been regarded as a sound useful party man. 5. Youll be roasted alive. 6.
The farm had been split into three parts. 7. He was torn to shreds by sir Robert. 8. We
are allowed to drink our own healths. 9. She was forbidden to open the door. 10. It was
not know who the nun was. 11. Three landing places were always agreed upon before
the run was attempted. 12. The next day the matter was referred to again. 13. She was
beckoned to by a man at one of the many desks. 14. My things had been tampered with.
15. Dorothy Sikes brother was never heard of. 16. All the tickets were accounted for. 17.
Shell be fetched up back soon enough. 18. The children are being cared for by the
relatives. 19. The blocks had been painted with yellow and black diagonal stripes. 20.
Youre invited to the Carters. 21. Humor is revealed only to the few. 22. My income is
derived from the rental of a very extensive real estate in London.

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Exercise 52.
Put questions to the italicized parts.
1. Trembling lads were jerked out of bed and questioned. 2. Adolph Myers was
driven from the Pennsylvania town in the night. 3. General MacArthur had been laid on
his bed. 4. An Italian was imported from Florence to design and paint the highly
decorated ceilings. 5. Some cars had been stolen from off the street at night. 6. A fistful
of moneyll be snatched away from him. 7. Hair is being worn disheveled this year. 8.
You are arrested for the murder of Hugh Parsons. 9. He will be paid for the work he will
do. 10. Theyve been told to put the grey in the trap. She is being shadowed by three
men and a middle-aged woman. 12. The body is being taken to the mortuary. 13. She
was dropped off the party lists. 14. They have just been joined by an errand boy. 15.
The prince of Wurttemberg is easily recognized by his deep bark. 16. Ive been told I
look a little like Lermontov. 17. The young man had been given from birth the
necessary background for charm. 18. the silence was broken into by a confusion, cries,
and a rapid patter of naked feet. 19. She was laughed at because of the piano and the
expensive rugs. 20. Christmas Day was looked upon as no more than a rehearsal for
New Year. 21. She was well spoken of by the concierge of the apartments. 22. The car
was being backed into a vacant space at the kerb. 23. They were allowed to leave for
the weekend.
Exercise 53.
Rewrite the sentences with modal verbs in the passive voice.
1. I ought to have asked Iris about her cook. 2. I must rearrange my ideas. 3. They
ought to keep the estate together. 4. You shouldnt have made me threaten him. 5. You
should have delivered this to me. 6. Anyone can find places, but the finding of people is
a gift from the God. 7. She replied she had to finish the dress. 8. You cannot thank him
personally. 9. You must keep the soup hot at all events. 10. You frightened me. I could
hear voice outside on the lawn. 11. I could never tell her much. 12. I suppose I might
have done something to help him. 13. I might watch the house for weeks before he
made a visit. 14. You may take your coat off, sir. 15. there is always the possibility that

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the police may have exceeded their instructions. 16. You neednt bully me about it. 17.
All your gold cannot bring happiness to your son. 18. Arnold, I said, you cant have
killed her youre talking nonsense. 19. Payson had to get his ticket before the travel
office closed for the weekend. 20. You should have told me at once. 21. You should
have listened to me and then everything would have happened. 22. I suppose I really
oughtnt to tell you anything about it. 23. Perhaps I oughtnt to have discussed her so
freely with anyone. 24. She might have left him a note but there was nothing. 25.
Perhaps we have some other things there that might interest you. 26. If you must use
razors to cut grindstones, why, I prefer the best cutlery. 27. There was no next day. We
must blame blind fate for that. 28. And if she should call on me I could politely tell her
to go away. 29. You could rent a Gallery, no doubt, if you could manage it out of your
income. 30. They may even return a verdict without recommendation. 31. Why cant
you leave me alone! I want to be by myself. 32. We must not judge a colored
dictatorship as we judge a white one. 33. You ought to have stopped me. 34. You dont
have to push me. 35. You neednt mention me again, Tom.
Exercise 54.
Rewrite the sentences with modal verbs in the passive voice.
1. You can trust her she wont talk. 2. He ought to have announced by a note. 3. He
ought not to have told her but he knew that she was the very soul of discretion. 4. I must
forbid the name in the house. 5. She must have sold the picture that night before going
home. 6. I dont know why you should have noticed me. 7. He has to hire his
investigators, and naturally he cant hire a whole police force. 8. We mustnt keep
mamma and the others waiting. 9. I must face it without being muddled. 10. Mason held
the phone and could hear her transmit the message to Drake. 11. He could not see her
face but he could see the terracotta. 12. I might join you too if no other arrangements
have been made for me. 13. One might serve a man for twenty years and yet not know
his name. 14. They ought to keep the estate together. 15. We cant buy on minute of
time with cash. 16. You know you can see stars even in the daytime from the bottom of
a well. 17. Youll have to pardon me. 18. When I told her I had to draw the line some
place she became a regular little hellcat over the wire. 19. Naturally I should have told
her. But in case she should blame you in any way, I promise I will not. 20. I think I

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ought to tell you something. 21. You ought to have fired him before he had a chance. 22.
Such a lovely day. Thought I might take you all out for lunch. 23. Something warned
Lucy that she must stop him. 24. In justice to her I must say that she was a mirror for all
the properties. 25. I could give her a photograph but I might change a bit in twentyseven years. 26. The season was nearly at an end and I longed for the last guest to go, so
that I could give the cook his quietus. 27. In conclusion we may state that at the first
symptom of disease the patient should not hesitate to put himself in the hands of a
professional tailor. 28. I dont see that I can do anything to help you. 29. I thought he
might have said something to you about it. 30. That safe was in its turn so ingeniously
hidden that I never should have found it for myself. 31. I suppose I must forgive you.
Just think of all the trouble I took for nothing. 32. Whatever you should have done nine
years ago, it is too late now. New tactics must be adopted. 33. I have much to do, much
to see. I cannot spend all my time with one recalcitrant boy. 34. It wasnt my fault at all,
and you neednt have mentioned it, Mother.
Exercise 55.
Rewrite the sentences in the passive voice using the following models:
A. They appointed him chairman of the council.
He was appointed chairman of the council.
B. People knew her as a photographers model.
She was known as a photographers model.
1. they have appointed him battery commander here. 2. The teachers elected him
clerk of the school board. 3. He did well at home. They made him foreman. 4. They
have appointed her milk monitor this term. 5. They have elected George President of the
Junior Class. 6. In 1999 they made him the commissions first director-general for
justice and home affairs. 7. People knew him as William Kidd. 8. The Georgian people
elected Mr. Saakashvili President in 2004. 9. Fourteen years ago they called the Chinese
Tree a work of genius. 10. People know me as the wop that runs the Syndicate
Plantation. 11. He said that they had just elected him member of Parliament for one of
the city constituencies. 12. We have chosen him as our monitor. 13. The delegates
elected him chairman of the meeting. 14. They appointed him director of a school. 15.

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People considered hazel one of the prettiest girls in Newlingham. 16. We treated her as a
promising film-star. 17. We consider that post a great promotion for him.18. They made
my father a brigadier eleven years ago. 19. They know us as the English Catholic
Church. 20. He told me that they had employed him as a grocery clerk. 21. People
considered having a days work and enough to eat a great blessing for him. 22.
Everybody knew him as the trickiest man in the valley. 23. They appointed him
manager of a prosperous firm. 24. The street made her a morphine-addict. 25. They
chose my brother captain of our football team. 26. We didnt consider him a match for
our daughter. 27. Hungarys press describes him as a colorless apparatchik ready to
defend the status quo. 28. People regarded this rubbish, written up by an eccentric fool,
as a revelation of great truth. 29. They declared John Bolton, US undersecretary of state,
human scum and a bloodthirsty vampire.
Exercise 56.
Rewrite the sentences in the passive voice using the following models:
A. She made the boy tell her the truth.
The boy was made to tell her the truth.
B. My teacher makes me read English books in the original.
I am made to read English books in the original.
C. Her mother lets her wear short skirts.
She is allowed to wear short skirts.
D. I didnt let my son smoke cigarettes.
My son wasnt allowed to smoke cigarettes.
1. The girl made Mr. McFarline think of his age, which was unusual for him. Mr.
McFarline 2. They made every room-hunter visit his room to admire the
lambrequins. Every room-hunter 3. We let him stay with us for the night. He 4. A
hint is the only answer which they let me meke. A hint is the only answer which I 5.
Due to a slight technicality, they will let you cross the frontier. You 6. They didnt
make us accept such sacrifices. We 7. They were making the students sing the songs
of the various colleges from which they came. The students 8. They made me say
exactly where this treasure had been found. I 9. They made him reveal the date. She

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10. We let them begin again. They 11. The parents let the children go there alone.
The children 12. The teacher will make the boy explain his behavior. The boy 13.
They made me feel like a country mouse in a metropolitan jungle. 14. Our neighbors let
us use their flat for his occasion. We 15. The doctor didnt let me smoke and drink
coffee. 16. I dont let my children eat candy. My children 17. Mother made me get up
early yesterday. 18. My parents have never let me see boys alone. I 19. They made
him confess in public his responsibility. He 20. They did not let him swim out far. He
21. I didnt let the stuff touch my hands. The stuff 22. I let the door close up
against a bit of wood I had bought. The door 23. They made Robert sit at dinner with
a wreath of flowers round his head. Robert 24. After dinner they will make Ferdy
play the piano. Ferdy 25. They did not let Sue date till her last year at the University.
Sue 26. He did not let me help him. I 27. I would let some time elapse before I
forgave him. Some time 28. Life made them forget their grief. They
Exercise 57.
Rewrite the sentences in the passive voice using the models of the previous exercise.
1. I will not let anybody ru me out of Monte Carlo. Nobody 2. They made us five
two-by-two. We 3. They made her be an ambassadors wife. She 4. I let the matter
rest for longer than I intended. The matter 5. I shant let her leave me. She 6. My
teacher made me learn some fables by heart. I 7. They made us realize the mildness
of Dantes imagination. We 8. They made him enact a guilty person. He 9. He let
the conversation wander long enough. The conversation 10. They made me commit a
murder by him up there. I 11. I made my pets feel the change in my disposition. My
pets 12. Nobody ever made her renounce the world. She 13. I cant understand
why the Principal lets him come back time after time. I cant understand why he 14.
Take Mr. Spencer now, he never lets me want for anything. Mr. Spencer 15. The
circumstances made us change our plans. We 16. My boss let me leave the office two
hours earlier. I 17. She doesnt let people touch her pictures. People 18. Schools
make pupils wear uniforms. Pupils 19. Teachers dont let their pupils chew gum at
the lesson. The pupils 20. Not that I dont let him have a bit of a slap and a tickle
sometimes to keep him happy. Not that he 21. It made them think of Lady Irene as the
possible murderess. They 22. He let me feel that Id done some good. I 23. I let

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him get ahead again. He 24. Why didnt they let me have a bob or two? Why I 25.
Id always let her do what she liked. She 26. She made the child blow his nose. The
child
Exercise 58.
Rewrite the sentences in the passive voice. Follow the models:
A. They saw him open the window (opening the widow).
He was seen to open the window (opening the window).
B. Whe heard our neighbor call her chidren (calling her children).
Our neighbor was heard to call her children (caling her children).
1. I saw him slip and fall. He 2. Jane saw hr neighbor open the door of his flat and
go in. Her neighbor 3. I heard him sing a French song. He 4. She could hear her
father call her. Her father 5. I saw the girl watering lowers in the garden. The girl
6. We head our friends talking loudly. Our friends 7. I have ever heard Lester
complain before. Lester 8. Several passengers saw him running along the corridor.
He People saw women, girls, children, ad men trooping to the office down all the
paths. Women, girls, children, and men 10. He saw the woman turn the corner. The
woman 11. They saw Mrs. Cotterills tight lips move. Mrs. Cotterills tight lips
12. People often see them walking hand-in-hand in the park. They 13. The neighbors
often hear them ringing the bell. They 14. Everybody saw her blush. She 15. We
noticed the pupil drop the cigarette. The pupil 16. I observed them hurry along the
street. They 17. I heard the women gossiping about Sues new husband. The women
18. Nobody saw tem entering the house. They ... 19. We didnt hear them knock at
our door. They .. 20. They will hear the bees buzzing. The bees 21 They heard the
American ladies ringing their bell violently. The American ladies 22. We saw our
fellow-students waving to us. Our fellow-students 23. She heard people talking in the
corridor. People 24. The mother noticed the child shudder. The child 25. I noticed
them wink at each other. They 26. They can see the woman standing in the pouring
rain. The woman 27. I noticed her hesitate for a moment. She 28. The pupils
heard Klaus repeating the words Zwei Minuten. Klaus 29. If we saw my uncle
turning the corner, we hid in the shadow. If my uncle 30. We heard Mrs. Staverton

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threaten Richard Scott. Mrs. Staverton 31. We have never heard our grannie
grumbling. Our grannie

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