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Substantivul A) Genul

This document discusses the rules for forming plurals of nouns in English. It explains that most nouns form their plural by adding -s, but there are exceptions like nouns ending in -ch, -sh, -x or -o which add -es. Nouns ending in a consonant plus -y typically add -ies, while those ending in a vowel plus -y typically add -s. Some nouns have irregular plurals like mouse/mice or goose/geese. The document also distinguishes between countable and uncountable nouns, and defines the uses of quantifiers like many, much, some, any, a few, and a little.

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156 views3 pages

Substantivul A) Genul

This document discusses the rules for forming plurals of nouns in English. It explains that most nouns form their plural by adding -s, but there are exceptions like nouns ending in -ch, -sh, -x or -o which add -es. Nouns ending in a consonant plus -y typically add -ies, while those ending in a vowel plus -y typically add -s. Some nouns have irregular plurals like mouse/mice or goose/geese. The document also distinguishes between countable and uncountable nouns, and defines the uses of quantifiers like many, much, some, any, a few, and a little.

Uploaded by

Lacra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1.

SUBSTANTIVUL
a) Genul:
Masculin: men, boys, male animals
Feminin: women, girls, female animals
Neutru: animale despre care nu stim sexul sau bebelusi (nu stim daca
sunt baieti sau fete).
b) Pluralul:
Se adauga terminatia s la forma de singular:
- day days
- dog dogs
Se adauga terminatia es (se pronunta /iz/) daca substantivul se
termina in:
- o: tomato tomatoes
- ch: church churches
- sh: brush brushes
- ss: kiss kisses
- x: box boxes
Substantivele care se termina in y urmate de o consoana formeaza
pluralul prin adaugarea terminatiei ies.
- baby babies
- country countries
- lady ladies
Substantivele care se termina in y urmate de o vocala fac pluralul prin
adaugarea terminatiei s.
- boy boys
- day days
- donkey donkeys .
Exista 12 substantive care se termina in f sau fe si la care se adauga
terminatia ves.
- calf calves (vitel)
- half halves (jumatate)
- knife knives (cutit)
- leaf leaves (frunza)
- life lives (viata)
- loaf loaves (franzela)
- self selves (sine)
- sheaf sheaves (manunchi)
- shelf shelves (raft)
- thief thieves (hot)
- wife wives (sotie)
- wolf wolves (lup)
Exista cateva substantive cu forme de plural neregulate:
- man men
- woman women
- mouse mice
- child children
- goose geese

- tooth teeth
- foot feet
Exista cateva nume de animale care nu isi schimba forma la plural:
- fish (one fish two fish)
- salmon (somon)
- trout (pastrav)
- deer (caprioara)
- sheep (oaie)
Unele substantive sunt mereu la plural si sunt urmate de verbe la
plural:
- clothes
- glasses
- scissors
- pants
- binoculars
- earrings
Cuvinte cu forma de plural dar cu inteles de singural cu verbe la
singular:
- news The news is good.
- billiards
- dominoes
c) Substantive care nu se numara:
Nume de substante sau materiale despre care se vorbeste in mod
general:
- bread
- beer
- coffee
- glass
- gold
- ice
- sand
- paper
- tea
- water
- wine
- wood
Substantive abstracte:
- advice
- information
- knowledge
- fear
- hope
- death
- beauty
Substantivele urmatoare sunt considerate uncountable in engleza:
- luggage
- baggage
- furniture
- weather

d)
e)
f)

g)

h)

i)

- shopping
- parking
Many = multi, multe folosit cu substantive care se numara.
- He didnt make many cakes.
Much = multi, multe folosit cu substantive care nu se numara.
- We havent much coffee.
Some = niste, cateva, cativa.
Folosit in propozitii afirmative.
Folosit cu substantive care se numara si care nu se numara.
- I saw some deer.
- I need some coffee.
Folosit in intrebari pentru a exprima o rugaminte sau o oferta:
- Would you like some more tea?
- Could I have some milk, please?
Any = niciun, nicio, vreun, vreo.
Folosit de obicei in propozitii interogative si negative.
- I didnt get any nice presents for Christmas this year.
- I dont need any help.
- Do you have any brothers or sisters?
- Did you catch any fish?
Folosit in propozitii afirmative pentru a exprima ideea ca nu conteaza
care:
- Which book shall I read? Any one. Its up to you.
- You can come and ask for my help any time.
(A) few = putin, putine. (= some)
Folosit cu substantive care se numara.
- There are a few books on the table.
- A few friends are coming for dinner tonight.
(A) little = putin, putine. (= some)
Folosit cu substantive care nu se numara.
- Weve got very little time, we must hurry.

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