Scribd
Upload
1K views4 pages

Expanded Program For Immunization LECTURE NOTES

The Expanded Program for Immunization (EPI) aims to reduce morbidity and mortality among infants and children from six immunizable diseases: tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, measles, poliomyelitis, tetanus, and hepatitis B. The program focuses on immunizing infants aged 0-12 months, pregnant and postpartum women, and school entrants aged 7 years old. It utilizes principles of assessing epidemiological data, taking a mass vaccination approach, and integrating immunizations into basic health services. Key elements include setting immunization targets, maintaining vaccine cold chains, community education, and program evaluation. The document provides vaccine schedules, dosage, and administration details to maximize immunization coverage and protection

Uploaded by

SarahLabadan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1K views4 pages

Expanded Program For Immunization LECTURE NOTES

The Expanded Program for Immunization (EPI) aims to reduce morbidity and mortality among infants and children from six immunizable diseases: tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, measles, poliomyelitis, tetanus, and hepatitis B. The program focuses on immunizing infants aged 0-12 months, pregnant and postpartum women, and school entrants aged 7 years old. It utilizes principles of assessing epidemiological data, taking a mass vaccination approach, and integrating immunizations into basic health services. Key elements include setting immunization targets, maintaining vaccine cold chains, community education, and program evaluation. The document provides vaccine schedules, dosage, and administration details to maximize immunization coverage and protection

Uploaded by

SarahLabadan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Expanded Program for Immunization (EPI)

Principles of EPI
1. Epidemiological situation
2. Mass approach
3. Basic Health Service
The 7 immunizable diseases
1. Tuberculosis
2. Diptheria
3. Pertussis
4. Measles
5. Poliomyelitis
6. Tetanus
7. Hepatitis B
Target Setting

Infants 0-12 months

Pregnant and Post Partum Women

School Entrants/ Grade 1 / 7 years old

Objectives of EPI

To reduce morbidity and mortality rates among infants and children from six childhood immunizable disease

Elements of EPI

Target Setting

Cold chain Logistic Management- Vaccine distribution through cold chain is designed to ensure that the vaccines
were maintained under proper environmental condition until the time of administration.

Information, Education and Communication (IEC)

Assessment and evaluation of Over-all performance of the program

Surveillance and research studies

Administration of vaccines
Vaccine

Content

Form & Dosage

BCG (Bacillus Calmette Live attenuated


Guerin)
bacteria

Freeze dried
Infant- 0.05ml

# of
Doses

Route

ID

liquid-0.5ml

IM

Preschool-0.1ml
DPT (Diphtheria
Pertussis Tetanus)

DT- weakened toxin


P-killed bacteria

OPV (Oral Polio


Vaccine)

weakened virus

liquid-2drops

Oral

Hepatitis B

Plasma derivative

Liquid-0.5ml

IM

Measles

Weakened virus

Freeze dried- 0.5ml

Subcutaneous

Schedule of Vaccines
Vaccine Age at 1st dose

Interval
between dose

Protection

BCG

At birth

BCG is given at the earliest


possible age protects against the
possibility of TB infection from
the other family members

DPT

6 weeks

4 weeks

An early start with DPT reduces


the chance of severe pertussis

OPV

6weeks

4weeks

The extent of protection against


polio is increased the earlier

OPV is given.
Hepa B @ birth

@birth,6th
An early start of Hepatitis B
week,14th week reduces
the chance of being infected and
becoming a carrier.

Measles 9m0s.-11m0s.

At least 85% of measles can be


prevented by immunization at
this age.

6 months earliest dose of measles given in case of outbreak

9months-11months- regular schedule of measles vaccine

15 months- latest dose of measles given

4-5 years old- catch up dose

Fully Immunized Child (FIC)- less than 12 months old child with complete immunizations of DPT, OPV, BCG,
Anti Hepatitis, Anti measles.

Tetanus Toxiod Immunization


Schedule for Women
Vaccine

Minimum age
%
interval
protected

Duration of
Protection

TT1

As early as
possible

0%

TT2

4 weeks later

80%

3 years

TT3

6 months later

95%

5 years

TT4

1year later/during 99%


next pregnancy

10 years

TT5

1 year later/third
pregnancy

Lifetime

99%

There is no contraindication to immunization except when the child is immunosuppressed or is very, very ill (but
not slight fever or cold). Or if the child experienced convulsions after a DPT or measles vaccine, report such to the
doctor immediately.

Malnutrition is not a contraindication for immunizing children rather; it is an indication for immunization since

common childhood diseases are often severe to malnourished children.


Cold Chain under EPI

Cold Chain is a system used to maintain potency of a vaccine from that of manufacture to the time it is given to
child or pregnant woman.

The allowable timeframes for the storage of vaccines at different levels are:
o 6months- Regional Level
o 3months- Provincial Level/District Level
o 1month-main health centers-with ref.
o Not more than 5days- Health centers using transport boxes.

Most sensitive to heat: Freezer (-15 to -25 degrees C)


o OPV
o Measles

Sensitive to heat and freezing (body of ref. +2 to +8 degrees Celsius)


o BCG
o DPT
o Hepa B
o TT

Use those that will expire first, mark X/ exposure, 3rd- discard,

Transport-use cold bags let it stand in room temperature for a while before storing DPT.

Half life packs: 4hours-BCG, DPT, Polio, 8 hours-measles, TT, Hepa B.

FEFO (first expiry and first out) - vaccine is practiced to assure that all vaccines are utilized before the expiry
date. Proper arrangement of vaccines and/or labeling of vaccines expiry date are done to identify those near to
expire vaccines.

You might also like