Key To Bachillerato 1
Key To Bachillerato 1
Key To Bachillerato 1
Trobareu explicacions gramaticals ms detallades al Grammar Workshop, Students Book, pgines 114133.
Temps verbals
TEMPS o
FORMA
ESTRUCTURA Afirmativa
Negativa
Interrogativa
Present
simple
I/You/We/They work.
He/She/It works.
work.
Do I/you/we/they
work?
Does he/she/it work?
I am (m) working.
dades i estats
hbits i accions que es repeteixen
verbs destat
Am I working?
Is he/she/it working?
Present
continuous
Present
perfect
simple
Present
perfect
continuous
He/She/It is (s)
working.
USOS
Are you/we/they
working?
moment
situacions temporals
amb valor de futur, per aplans i
activitats organitzades
Have I/you/we/they
worked?
worked.
worked.
I/You/We/They have
(ve) been working.
He/She/It has (s)
been working.
Has he/she/it
worked?
Have I/you/we/they
been working?
Has he/she/it been
working?
I/You/He/She/It/We/
They worked.
I/You/He/She/It/We/They did
not (didnt) work.
Did I/you/he/she/it/we/
they work?
I/He/She/It was
working.
working.
Was I/he/she/it
working?
en el passat
especificar quan es van produir
Past simple
Past
continuous
You/We/They were
working.
Past perfect
simple
I/You/He/She/It/
We/They had (d)
worked.
I/You/He/She/It/We/
used to
They used to work.
I/You/He/She/It/We/
would per
They would (d)
a hbits del
work.
passat
I/You/He/She/It/We/
will amb
valor de futur They will (ll) work.
be going to
I am (m) going to
amb valor de work.
futur
Future
continuous
Future
perfect
simple
I/You/He/She/It/We/They had
not (hadnt) worked.
Were you/we/they
uns altres fets del passat
working?
Had I/you/he/she/it/we/ estats o accions anteriors a uns altres
fets del passat
they worked?
I/You/He/She/It/We/They did
not (didnt) use to work.
I/You/He/She/It/We/They would
not (wouldnt) work.
Did I/you/he/she/it/we/
they use to work?
Would I/you/he/she/it/
we/they work?
I/You/He/She/It/We/They will
not (wont) work.
I am (m) not going to
work.
work?
Are you/we/they
going to work?
Will I/you/he/she/it/we/ accions futures que es donaran al
llarg dun perode de temps
they be working?
accions de futur ja planificades
Will I/you/he/she/it/
esdeveniments o accions que
shauran acabat en un moment
we/they have been
concret
working?
Proposicions de relatiu
PRONOM RELATIU
which / that
who / that
whose
ADVERBI RELATIU
when
where
USOS
referncia a objectes
referncia a persones
expressi de possessi
USOS
referncia temporal
referncia espacial
PROPOSICI DE
RELATIUA
FORM
USOS
Proposici
especificativa
informaci essencial
sobre el substantiu del
qual va darrere
who helped
me.
Proposici explicativa The girl, who
was very
clever, helped
me.
informacin addicional,
no essencial, sobre el
substantiu del qual va
darrere
ESTIL INDIRECTE
Present simple
He said, I watch TV.
Present continuous
He said, I am watching TV.
Present perfect simple
He said, I have watched TV.
Past simple
He said, I watched TV.
will
He said, I will watch TV.
can
He said, I can watch TV.
must
He said, I must watch TV.
Past simple
He said he watched TV.
Past continuous
He said he was watching TV.
Past perfect simple
He said he had watched TV.
Past perfect
He said he had watched TV.
would
He said he would watch TV.
could
He said he could watch TV.
have to
He said he had to watch TV.
say i tell
Els verbs say i tell, que introdueixen lestil indirecte, tenen el
mateix significat, per es fan servir duna manera diferent.
say (+ that) + estil indirecte.
tell + complement indirecte (+ that) + estil indirecte.
Be quiet!
ESTIL INDIRECTE
declare suggest
explain insist
say recommend
invite order
tell
agree offer
promise
apologize (for)
suggest
Preguntes indirectes
En la forma interrogativa de lestil indirecte, lordre s
diferent del de les preguntes directes. Tamb canvia el temps
verbal, com a la forma afirmativa de lestil indirecte.
Verb + subjecte (pregunta directa).
Verbs modals
VERB MODAL
(o estructura relacionada)
can / cant
could / couldnt
be able to / not be able to
must
may / may not (NO PAS
USOS
descriure capacitat
expressar certesa
expressar possibilitat
maynt)
could / couldnt
might / mightnt
cant
have to / dont have to
need to / neednt
must (NO PAS mustnt)
should / shouldnt
ought to / oughtnt to
mustnt
VERB MODAL COMPOST
must have + participi passat
cant have + participi passat
may / might have + participi
passat
expressar impossibilitat
expressar obligaci
aconsellar
fer recomanacions
expressar prohibici
USOS
expressar certesa en el passat
expressar impossibilitat en el
passat
expressar possibilitat en el
passat
suggerir una acci passada
alternativa
criticar una acci passada
La veu passiva
TEMPS VERBAL
Present simple
Present continuous
Present perfect
Past simple
Past continuous
open
is opening
has opened
opened
was opening
Past perfect
will
be going to
had opened
will open
is going to open
VEU PASSIVA
is opened
is being opened
has been opened
was opened
was being
opened
had been opened
will be opened
is going to be
opened
opened
verb
the door.
objecte
VERBS
admit
avoid
cant stand
cant imagine
consider
dont mind
enjoy
USOS
finish
imagine
mention
miss
practise
report
suggest
afford
agree
arrange
ask
attempt
choose
decide
expect
hope
learn
manage
pretend
promise
seem
want
begin
like
hate
love
prefer
start
verb
(by + agent)
s de la veu passiva
La veu passiva emfatitza lacci (= el verb) per damunt de qui
la fa (= lagent).
El causatiu
El causatiu sutilitza per descriure accions que alg o alguna
cosa porta a terme per nosaltres.
sabates.)
Oracions condicionals
FORMA
USOS
De primer grau
if / unless + present simple,
will + infinitiu
O
will + infinitiu if / unless +
present simple
De segon grau
if + past simple, would +
infinitiu
O
would + infinitiu if + past
simple
De tercer grau
if + past perfect, would have
+ participi passat
O
would have + participi passat
if + past perfect
PRONUNCIACI
DEFINICI
ask out
/sk at/
break into
/brek nt/
break up with
/brek p w/
bring in
/br n/
bring up
/br p/
bump into
/bmp nt/
call round
/kl rand/
carry out
/kri at/
catch on
/kt n/
chop up
/tp p/
come across
/km krs/
/km l/ / l/
acompanyar alg
/km te(r)/
cover up
/kvr p/
cut out
/kt at/
dish up
/d p/
emplatar menjar
dress up
/dres p/
drop off
/drp f/
eat out
/it at/
end up
/end p/
feel like
/fil lak/
find out
/fand at/
get on
/et n/
/et n (wel) w/
get over
/et v(r)/
give back
/v bk/
give up
/v p/
go ahead
/ hed/
go away
/ wei/
go back
/ bk/
tornar a un lloc
go off
/ f/
go on
/ n/
go out
/ at/
sortir de casa
go out with
/ at w/
go through
/ ru/
go with
/ w/
go without
/ wat/
hand out
/hnd at/
PHRASAL VERB
PRONUNCIACI
DEFINICI
have round
/hv rand/
hear of
/hr v/
join in
/dn n/
kick off
/kk f/
let on
/let n/
/lsn at f(r)/
/lk ft(r)/
look for
/lk f(r)/
buscar
look into
/lk nt/
meet up with
/mit p w/
own up to
/n p t/
/pk at/
pick at
/pk t/
pick up
/pk p/
pig out
/p at/
afartar-se de menjar
pull on
/pl n/
pull over
/pl v(r)/
put on (a show)
/pt n/
put up
/pt p/
put up with
/pt p w/
rip off
/rp f/
estafar alg
run over
/rn v(r)/
see through
/si ru/
/set f/
set up
/set p/
sniff around
/snf rand/
square up
/skwer p/
stamp out
/stmp at/
stand up for
/stnd p f(r)/
stand up to
/stnd p t/
stay in
/ste n/
swallow up
/swl p/
/tek f/
take out
/tek at/
tell off
/tel f/
touch on
/tt n/
turn up
/tn p/
warm up
/wm p/
escalfar un menjar
whip up
/wp p/
wrap up
/rp p/
Verbs irregulars
INFINITIU
be
bear
beat
become
begin
bend
bet
bite
bleed
blow
break
bring
build
burn
buy
catch
choose
come
cost
cut
dig
do
draw
dream
drink
drive
eat
fall
feed
feel
fight
find
fly
forbid
forget
forgive
freeze
get
give
go
grow
hang
have
hear
hit
hold
hurt
keep
know
lead
learn
leave
lend
let
lie
light
PAST SIMPLE
/bi/
/be(r)/
/bit/
/bkm/
/bgn/
/bend/
/bet/
/bat/
/blid/
/bl/
/brek/
/br/
/bld/
/bn/
/ba/
/kt/
/tuz/
/km/
/kst/
/kt/
/dg/
/du/
/dr/
/drim/
/drk/
/drav/
/it/
/fl/
/fid/
/fil/
/fat/
/fand/
/fla/
/fbd/
/fget/
/fgv/
/friz/
/get/
/gv/
/g/
/gr/
/h/
/hv/
/h(r)/
/ht/
/hld/
/ht/
/kip/
/n/
/lid/
/ln/
/liv/
/lend/
/let/
/la/
/lat/
was / were
bore
beat
became
began
bent
bet
bit
bled
blew
broke
brought
built
burned, burnt
bought
caught
chose
came
cost
cut
dug
did
drew
dreamed, dreamt
drank
drove
ate
fell
fed
felt
fought
found
flew
forbade
forgot
forgave
froze
got
gave
went
grew
hung
had
heard
hit
held
hurt
kept
knew
led
learned, learnt
left
lent
let
lay
lit
PARTICIPI PASSAT
/wz/, /w(r)/
/b/
/bit/
/bkem/
/bgn/
/bent/
/bet/
/bt/
/bled/
/blu/
/brk/
/brt/
/blt/
/bnd/, /bnt/
/bt/
/kt/
/tz/
/kem/
/kst/
/kt/
/dg/
/dd/
/dru/
/drimd/, /dremt/
/drk/
/drv/
/et/
/fel/
/fed/
/felt/
/ft/
/fand/
/flu/
/fbed/
/fgt/
/fgev/
/frz/
/gt/
/gev/
/went/
/gru/
/h/
/hd/
/hd/
/ht/
/held/
/ht/
/kept/
/nju/
/led/
/lnd/, /lnt/
/left/
/lent/
/let/
/le/
/lt/
been
borne
beaten
become
begun
bent
bet
bitten
bled
blown
broken
brought
built
burned, burnt
bought
caught
chosen
come
cost
cut
dug
done
drawn
dreamed, dreamt
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
fed
felt
fought
found
flown
forbidden
forgotten
forgiven
frozen
got
given
been / gone
grown
hung
had
heard
hit
held
hurt
kept
known
led
learned, learnt
left
lent
let
lain
lit
/bin/
/bn/
/bitn/
/bkm/
/bgn/
/bent/
/bet/
/btn/
/bled/
/bln/
/brkn/
/brt/
/blt/
/bnd/, /bnt/
/bt/
/kt/
/tzn/
/km/
/kst/
/kt/
/dg/
/dn/
/drn/
/drimd/, /dremt/
/drk/
/drvn/
/itn/
/fln/
/fed/
/felt/
/ft/
/fand/
/fln/
/fbdn/
/fgtn/
/fgvn/
/frzn/
/gt/
/gvn/
/bin/, /gn/
/grn/
/h/
/hd/
/hd/
/ht/
/held/
/ht/
/kept/
/nn/
/led/
/lnd/, /lnt/
/left/
/lent/
/let/
/len/
/lt/
INFINITIU
lose
make
mean
meet
pay
put
read
ride
ring
rise
run
say
see
sell
send
shake
shine
shoot
show
shut
sing
sink
sit
sleep
smell
speak
spell
spend
spill
spin
split
spoil
spread
spring
stand
steal
stick
sting
sweep
swim
swing
take
teach
tear
tell
think
throw
understand
wake
wear
win
write
PAST SIMPLE
/luz/
/mek/
/min/
/mit/
/pe/
/pt/
/rid/
/rad/
/r/
/raz/
/rn/
/se/
/si/
/sel/
/send/
/ek/
/an/
/ut/
//
/t/
/s/
/sk/
/st/
/slip/
/smel/
/spik/
/spel/
/spend/
/spl/
/spn/
/splt/
/spl/
/spred/
/spr/
/stnd/
/stil/
/stk/
/st/
/swip/
/swm/
/sw/
/tek/
/tit/
/te(r)/
/tel/
/k/
/r/
/ndstnd/
/wek/
/we(r)/
/wn/
/rat/
lost
made
meant
met
paid
put
read
rode
rang
rose
ran
said
saw
sold
sent
shook
shone
shot
showed
shut
sang
sank
sat
slept
smelled, smelt
spoke
spelled, spelt
spent
spilt
spun
split
spoiled, spoilt
spread
sprang
stood
stole
stuck
stung
swept
swam
swung
took
taught
tore
told
thought
threw
understood
woke
wore
won
wrote
PARTICIPI PASSAT
/lst/
/med/
/ment/
/met/
/ped/
/pt/
/red/
/rd/
/r/
/rz/
/rn/
/sed/
/s/
/sld/
/sent/
/k/
/n/
/t/
/d/
/t/
/s/
/sk/
/st/
/slept/
/smeld/, /smelt/
/spk/
/speld/, /spelt/
/spent/
/splt/
/spn/
/splt/
/spld/, /splt/
/spred/
/spr/
/std/
/stl/
/stk/
/st/
/swept/
/swm/
/sw/
/tk/
/tt/
/t/
/tld/
/t/
/ru/
/ndstd/
/wk/
/w(r)/
/wn/
/rt/
/lst/
/med/
/ment/
/met/
/ped/
/pt/
/red/
/rdn/
/r/
/rzn/
/rn/
/sed/
/sin/
/sld/
/sent/
/ekn/
/n/
/t/
/n/
/t/
/s/
/sk/
/st/
/slept/
/smeld/, /smelt/
/spkn/
/speld/, /spelt/
/spent/
/splt/
/spn/
/splt/
/spld/, /splt/
/spred/
/spr/
/std/
/stln/
/stk/
/st/
/swept/
/swm/
/sw/
/tekn/
/tt/
/tn/
/tld/
/t/
/rn/
/ndstd/
/wkn/
/wn/
/wn/
/rtn/
lost
made
meant
met
paid
put
read
ridden
rung
risen
run
said
seen
sold
sent
shaken
shone
shot
shown
shut
sung
sunk
sat
slept
smelled, smelt
spoken
spelled, spelt
spent
spilt
spun
split
spoiled, spoilt
spread
sprung
stood
stolen
stuck
stung
swept
swum
swung
taken
taught
torn
told
thought
thrown
understood
woken
worn
won
written