Super Strong Materials
Super Strong Materials
Super Strong Materials
AUTHORS: G.NAGA PRAVEEN KUMAR 3rd YEAR B.TECH CHEMICAL ENGINEERING ANDHRA UNIVERSITY [email protected] Ph no 7893338432 K.V.S.PAVAN KUMAR 3rd YEAR B.TECH CHEMICAL ENGINEERING ANDHRA UNIVERSITY [email protected] ph no 7416488204 ABSTRACT
The stuff of science fiction has become the cutting edge of world science. The sky's the limit in the dizzying biotech breakthroughs elevating some of the lowest links in the animal chain to high performance materials. Every living creature has specific genes that translate into particular characteristics peculiar to each species. This is also what differentiates us from each other. For example, spiders genes contain genetic information for producing spider silk or webs, whereas the genes of mammals such as goats contain genetic information for the production of milk. Transgenesis results from transferring a particular gene from one species (e.g.: the spider silk gene) and introducing it through transgenic manipulation into the genetic information of a second species (e.g.: the goat). Using Transgenesis such as DNA (universal gene molecule) microinjection techniques, it has been made possible to produce a goat capable of secreting spider silk protein in its milk. Scientists at Nexia's biotechnology laboratories have made an innovative approach, in producing the most authentic, man-made spider silk to date. The result is "BioSteel", a family of spider silk proteins. Technology relies on the anatomical similarities between the spider silk gland and goat mammary glands. In both cases, epithelial cells manufacture and secrete water soluble, complex proteins in large amounts. The goats had been genetically modified so their genome includes the DNA necessary to produce the silk, and once they start lactating the silk will be contained in the milk. Goat were chosen above cows for this process because of their much shorter gestation period, so the herd will expand more quickly and hence more silk can be produced. This paper discusses the remarkable properties, preparation and applications of the Spider dragline silk known for its high strength and exceptional toughness, and therefore the structural aspects, which bring about these properties, which are of great interest to biopolymer researchers.