Sound Absorption Characteristics of Nonwoven Structures
Sound Absorption Characteristics of Nonwoven Structures
Sound Absorption Characteristics of Nonwoven Structures
) NPP1
NPP2
NPP3
Table 7.1 Figure 7.1
Table 7.2 shows the values of NAC with respect to Frequency (Hz) of the samples TPP1, TPP2
and TPP3.
Fig. 7.2 shows the relation between NAC and Frequency (Hz) of the sample below.
TPP1 () TPP2 () TPP3 ()
0.48 0.52 0.58
0.5 0.55 0.62
0.53 0.57 0.66
0.58 0.62 0.69
0.6 0.64 0.73
0.64 0.68 0.77
0.69 0.73 0.79
0.77 0.79 0.83
0.77 0.76 0.81
0.74 0.76 0.77
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
2
5
0
3
1
5
4
0
0
5
0
0
6
3
0
8
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
6
0
1
6
0
0
2
0
0
0
1/3 Octave band frequency (Hz)
N
A
C
(
)
TPP1
TPP2
TPP3
Table 7.2 Figure 7.2
34
Table 7.3 shows the values of NAC with respect to Frequency (Hz) of the samples TLPP1,
TLPP2 and TLPP3.
Fig. 7.3 shows the relation between NAC and Frequency (Hz) of the samples below.
TLPP1 () TLPP2 () TLPP3 ()
0.46 0.49 0.54
0.5 0.53 0.58
0.55 0.56 0.63
0.58 0.6 0.66
0.6 0.63 0.68
0.66 0.68 0.72
0.69 0.7 0.75
0.73 0.75 0.79
0.76 0.77 0.79
0.72 0.74 0.77
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
2
5
0
3
1
5
4
0
0
5
0
0
6
3
0
8
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
6
0
1
6
0
0
2
0
0
0
1/3 Octave band frequency (Hz)
N
A
C
(
)
TLPP1
TLPP2
TLPP3
Table 7.3 Figure 7.3
From the above all graphs, we can see that the values of u increasing with increasing the
thickness of the nonwoven samples.
The noise reduction coefficient has been shown in the table 7.4 and the fig.7.4 is showing the
tendency of NRC (%) with increasing thickness.
Sample NRC (%)
NPP1 77.6
NPP2 81.6
NPP3 84.1
TPP1 63
TPP2 66.2
TPP3 72.5
TLPP1 62.5
TLPP2 64.5
TLPP3 69.1
77.6
81.6
84.1
63
66.2
72.5
62.5
64.5
69.1
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
Min Mid Max
Thickness
N
R
C
(
%
) NPP
TPP
TLPP
Table 7.4 Figure 7.4
35
8. Aplication of sound absorptive materials:
Now a days, acoustical material plays a number of important roles in acoustic engineering such
as the control of room acoustics, industrial noise control, studio acoustics and automotive
acoustics. Sound absorptive materials are generally used to counteract the undesirable effects of
sound reflection by hard, rigid and interior surfaces and thus help to reduce the reverberant noise
levels. They are used as interior lining for apartments, automotives, aircrafts, and ducts,
enclosures for noise equipments and insulations for appliances. Automotive interior noise be
undesirable for both the passenger and driver; many author have studied that the textile structures
have the potential to reduce interior noise in automobiles [75]. Sound absorptive materials may
also be used to control the response of artistic performance spaces to steady and transient sound
sources, thereby affecting the character of the aural environment, the intelligibility of
unreinforced speech and the quality of unreinforced musical sound. Combining absorptive
materials with barriers produces composite products that can be used to lag pipe or provide
absorptive curtain assemblies [30]. All noise control problem starts with the spectra of the
emitting source. Therefore, sound absorbing materials are chosen in terms of material types and
dimension, and also based on the frequency of sound to be controlled [16, 62].
Some application area:
Buildings & Construction Industrial Plants
Acoustic Ceiling Panel Automotive industries
Enclosable Noise Sources Outdoor Noise Sources
Printing Presses Public Transport
Defense Industries Aeronautical Engineering
HVAC Applications Stamping Presses
Hospital application Electronic Industries
Marine Insulation Gallery & Auditoriums etc.
36
9. Conclusion:
A sound wave is an obvious parametric feature which helps us to hear something. Not only that,
sound wave is an important communicator for the daily life too. Some times the sound wave
makes us unhappy and irritated, because its a noisy world. Twenty-four hours a day, seven days
a week, we are exposed to sounds we do not want, need, or benefit from. There are few places on
the planet where in our daily lives we are free from unwanted sounds. We can get a pleasant
environment by controlling the noise hazards. For this purpose many people have studied how to
control the noise and make peaceful circumstances.
Lot of researchers have served the results on the sound absorption characteristics of fibrous as
well as other materials. Fibrous materials have good sound absorption characteristics. Sound
absorptive materials can be classified into three categories such as absorptive materials, Barrier
materials and damping material.
The performance of the sound absorptive materials depends on some important factors that are
fibre diameter, fiber surface area, thickness, bulk density, porosity, airflow resistivity, tortuosity
and surface impedance.
We have seen that the most important factor for sound absorption is the air flow resistivity of the
fibrous materials. Several times, researchers have found that the sound absorption coefficient (u)
increasing with increasing the airflow resistivity. Because of that, the airflow resistivity depends
on the materials porosity and bulk density. We know that, if the fibre volume fraction decreasing,
the porosity is increasing. So, porosity increasing that means the bulkiness of the materials is
increasing and airflow resistivity is decreasing. For a certain range of frequency, the sound
absorption coefficient is increasing with increasing the flow resistivity.
In this report, we have seen that the above noted factors have direct relation to the sound
absorption properties of the materials and out of that, some secondary factors also affect
indirectly. Some researchers have reported that the sound absorption coefficient is increasing
with increasing the thickness as well as bulk density and airflow resistivity.
The attenuation or dissipation of acoustic energy as a sound wave moves through a medium may
be attributed to three basic mechanisms that are, frictional losses, momentum losses and
temperature fluctuations.
37
A number of models have been established by several researchers to find out the sound
absorption characteristics of the fibrous materials. They have given some important equations
from which we can easily calculate the sound absorption coefficient of the tested materials.
Different techniques have been developed to measure the sound absorption properties of the
materials such as impedance tube methods, steady state methods and reverberant field methods
These three methods have been briefly discussed in the report.
From the experiment result and discussion, we can see that the noise absorption coefficient as
well as noise reduction coefficient is increasing with increasing thickness.
In the present society, we have seen that the sound absorptive materials have crucial demand.
Application of the sound absorbing materials to various fields is necessary. For the purpose of
the specific application of the materials, manufacturers consider the following criteria as for the
varieties of products which should be economical, durable, good aesthetic property, easy
processibility and obviously beneficial. Depending on those factors, huge applications of the
sound absorptive materials have been found in automobile industries, aeronautical industries,
building construction, hospital application, and so on.
38
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