1.

Constant Rule: dy
If y = k, then y' = 0  5.
dy dy du ' dy du
= . ; (5 ) = ;¿
The Derivative of a Constant is 0 dx du dx dx dx
du
du
6. d n du d dx
If ƒ(x) = k for some constant k, then ƒ'(x) = 0 u =nun−1 ; ( 6' ) √u= ;
2. Power Rule
dx dx dx 2 √u
If y = x", then y' = nxn-1 d du
If ƒ is a differentiable function, and if 7. sin u=cos u ;
dx dx
ƒ(x) = x", then ƒ'(x) =nxn-1 for any real
number n d du
8. cos u=−sin u ;
3. Exponential Rule: dx dx
If y = ex, then y' = ex
4. Logarithm Rule: d du
9. tan u=sec 2 u ;
If y = 1n|x|, then y' = 1/x dx dx
5. Constant Times a Function Rule:
If y = kƒ, then y' = kf ' d du
10. cot u=−csc 2 u ;
6. Sum Rule dx dx
If y = ƒ g, then y' = ƒ' g'
7. Product Rule
d du
11. sec u=sec u tan u ;
If y = ƒg, then y' = ƒg' ƒ' g dx dx
If ƒ and g are differentiable functions d du
such thaty = ƒ(x)g(x), then y' = ƒ(x)g' 12. csc u=−csc u cot u ;
ƒ' (x)g(x)
dx dx
8. Difference Rule du
If y = ƒ - g, then y' = ƒ' - g' −x x
13. d dx ≤ arcsin u ≤ ,
9. Quotient Rule arcsin u= , 2 2
dx √1−u2
To remember this formula: Simply remember du
−
that b comes before t in the alphabet Thus, 14. d arccos u= dx
, 0 ≤ arccosu ≤ x ,
the bottom function times the derivative of the dx 2
top minus the top times the derivative of the
√ 1−u
bottom, all divided by the bottom squared! du
10. Chain Rule: −x x
15. d dx <arctan u ≤ ,
If y is a differentiable function of u and u is a arctan u= , 2 2
differentiable function of x and
dx 1+u 2
du
16. d dx
Fundamental Differential Formulas ln u= ;
dx u
dc du
1. =0; M
dx 17. d dx
log 10 n= ;
dx u
d du dv
2. ( u+ v )= + ; d u u du
dx dx dx 18. a =a ln a ;
dx dx
d dv dv d dv
3. uv=u + ; ( 3 ' ) cv=c ; d u u du
dx dx dx dx dx 19. e =e ,
dx dx
du dv dv
v −u −c
d u dx dx
4.
= ( 4' ) d c = dx
dx v v2
dx v v2 THE HYPERBOLIC SINE AND COSINE
e x −e− x 1) sinh-1 x=ln(x+√ x 2+1;
1) Sinh x =
2
2) cosh-1 x=ln(x+√ x 2−1 , x ≥1 ;
x −x
❑ −e
2) Cosh x = 1 1+ x
2 3) tanh-1 x= ln , |x|<1 ;
2 1−x
OTHER HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
1 x+ 1
4) coth-1 x= ln , |x|>1 ;
sinh x 1 2 x−1
Tanh x = , sech x = ,
cosh z cosh x
1+ √1−x2
1 1 5) sech-1 x=ln , 0<x≤1;
Csch x = , coth x = , x
sinh x tanh x
1+ √1+ x 2
BASIC FORMULAS OF HYPERBOLIC TRIGONOMETRY 6) csch-1 x= ln , x>0;
x
1
sinh2 x= ¿ 1+ √1+ x 2
2 -ln , x<0;
−x
And
1
c os h2 x= ¿ BASIC INTEGRATION FORMULAS
2
n +1
So that u
1) ∫ u n du= n+1 +C , n≠ -1,
2 2
1) cos h x−sin h x=1
du
y =sinh u 2) ∫ =ln u+ C , u>0,
u
y = ½ (e u−e−u du
2’) ∫ =ln ⁡(−u)+C 1 , u<0,
hence if u is a function of x, then u
dy 1 u −u du du
= (e + e ) ; 2”) ∫ =ln ⁡|u|+C 2 , u≠0,
dx 2 dx u
That is, 3) ∫ eu du=eu +C ,❑
d du au
(2) sinh u=cosh u
dx dx 3’) ∫ eu du= ln a
+C , a<0,
❑
The same method yields the result
4) ∫ cos u du=sin u+C ,
d du
(3) cosh u=sinh u
dx dx 5) ∫ s∈u du=−cos u+C ,
Note: important properties 6) ∫ sec 2 u du=tanu+ C ,
a) Cosh x ≥ 1, for all real x,
7) ∫ csc2 u du=−cot u+C ,
b) The only real value of x for which sinh x = 0 is
x=0,
8) ∫ sec u tan u du=sec u+C ,
c) Cosh (-x) = cosh x; i.e., cosh x is an even 9) ∫ cscu cot u du=−csc u+C ,
function of x, du u
10) ∫ =arcsin + C , a>0
2
√ a −u 2 a
d) Sinh (-x) = -sinh x; sinh x is an odd function of x.
du 1 u
INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 11) ∫ = arcsin +C ,
y=sinh -1 x if x=sinh y.
√ a +u a
2 2 a

12) ∫ u dv =uv−∫ v du .