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    Crude Calculation

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    Reetam Bose
    This document defines key terms used in crude oil cargo calculations, including definitions of observed volume, gross observed volume, net observed volume, and how these volumes are corrected to standard temperatures and densities. It also covers relationships between density, specific gravity, and API gravity. Mass and weight relationships and unit conversions are discussed. Finally, it provides examples of how to perform cargo calculations in both the metric and American (barrel) systems.

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    Crude Calculation

    Uploaded by

    Reetam Bose
    5K views7 pages
    This document defines key terms used in crude oil cargo calculations, including definitions of observed volume, gross observed volume, net observed volume, and how these volumes are corrected to standard temperatures and densities. It also covers relationships between density, specific gravity, and API gravity. Mass and weight relationships and unit conversions are discussed. Finally, it provides examples of how to perform cargo calculations in both the metric and American (barrel) systems.

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    Crude Calculation

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    This document defines key terms used in crude oil cargo calculations, including definitions of observed volume, gross observed volume, net observed volume, and how these volumes are corrected to standard temperatures and densities. It also covers relationships between density, specific gravity, and API gravity. Mass and weight relationships and unit conversions are discussed. Finally, it provides examples of how to perform cargo calculations in both the metric and American (barrel) systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5K views7 pages

    Crude Calculation

    Uploaded by

    Reetam Bose
    This document defines key terms used in crude oil cargo calculations, including definitions of observed volume, gross observed volume, net observed volume, and how these volumes are corrected to standard temperatures and densities. It also covers relationships between density, specific gravity, and API gravity. Mass and weight relationships and unit conversions are discussed. Finally, it provides examples of how to perform cargo calculations in both the metric and American (barrel) systems.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 7

    f

    Crude Calculations

    1.Definitions.
    1.1 Free water.
    The measured volume of water in a tank not in suspension with the liquid in
    the tank at observed temperature.
    Expressed in cubic meter or/and barrels.
    1.2 Total Observed Volume (TOV).
    The t9tal measured volume of all petroleum Iiquids,BS&W,and free water at
    observed temperature.
    .
    Expressed in cubic meter orland barrels.

    J'

    1.3 Gross Observed Volume (GOV).


    The total volume of all petroleum liquids and BS&W,but excluding free water,at
    observed temperature.
    Expressed in cubic meter or/and barrels.
    GOV = TOV - Free Water
    1.4 Net Observed Volume (NOV).
    The total volume of all petroleum products but excluding free water and BS&W
    at observed temperature.
    Expressed in cubic meter and/or barrels.
    NOV = TOV - Free Water - BS&W
    NOV = GOV - BS&W

    1.5 Gross Standard Volume (GSV).

    .t).
    ""!!!.

    The total volume of all petroleum products and BS&W,but excluding free water
    corrected by the appropriate volumecorrectionfactor (VCF) for observed
    temperature and density to a standard temperature.
    Expressed in cubic meter or barrels.
    GSV = GOV x VCF
    GSV = GOV at 15C/60F
    1.6 Net Standard Volume (NSV).
    The total volume of all petroleum products excluding BS&W and free water
    corrected by the appropriate volumecorrectionfactor (VCF) for observed
    temperature and density to a standard temperature.
    Expressed in cubic meter and/or barrels.
    NSV = NOV x VCF
    NSV = NOV at 15C/60F

    1.7 Total Calculated Volume (TCV1


    The total volume of all petroleum products and BS& W corrected by the

    appropriate volumecorrectionfactor for observed temperature and density to a


    standard temperature and all free water at observed temperature.
    Expressed in cubic meter and/or barrels. .
    TeV = GSV + Free Water
    1.8 Bottom S~diments and Water (BS&W).
    Quantity of sediments and water into the total amount of petroleum products.
    Expressed as a percentage as determined by tests.
    1.9 Observed TemQerature.
    Temperature of cargo measured at various places in the tank. Mean temperature is determined.
    1.10 Standard Temperature.
    Tem'perature of 15e in the metric system,or 60F in the American system.
    All volumes must be converted to this temperature before comparing.
    .

    2. Relationship: density, specific density , API Gravitv.


    Gravity is a mass-per-unit-volume relationship.
    With petroleum products the relationship is expressed as specific gravity.
    The following definition applies:
    mass of given volume oil at to

    kg

    mass of equal volume water at to

    kg

    Specific gravity =

    Temperature normally equal to 60F or 15e.


    Specific gravity is sometimes called relative density
    oil density at GOF

    kg/l

    water density at GOF

    kg/l

    Relative density GO/GOF=

    Specific gravity is being replaced by density expressed in kg per m3.


    ~

    The following definition applies:


    mass of given volume of oil

    kg

    volume of oil at ee

    m3

    Density of oil at tOe =

    In the USA the API gravity is being used. API gravity is an arbitrary scale, calibrated in
    degrees and related to the specific gravity by the following relation':

    API gravity

    141,5

    - 131,5
    Specific gravity GO/GOF

    1:

    - .'

    3. Mass and weiqht relationship.


    3.1 Mass.r
    The mass of a substance is the quantity it contains. It is independant of external
    conditions.ln oil measurement, it is often referred to as weight-in-vacuo.
    The metric unit is the kg where 1000kg equals 1 metric tonne.
    Following relationship applies:

    mass of oil =volume of oil at tOCx oil densi~y attOC


    3.2 Weight.

    The weight of a substance (calledweight-in-air)is the mass which a substance


    appears to have when weighted in air.
    The we.ightis calculated using the followingequation:
    weight of oil =volume of oil x weight correction factor

    '~,

    3.3 Weiqht Correction Factor (WCF).


    The weight correction factor must be obtained from the appropriate table in the
    Petroleum Measurement Tables.
    In the American system the WCF can be obtained from table II "Long tons per barrel
    at 60F against API gravity at 60F".
    In the metric system the WCF can be obtained from table 56 "Kilograms per liter at
    15C and liters at 15C per metric ton against density at 15C".
    The WCF can be easily obtained by subtracting 0.0011 kg!1from the density at
    15C.
    Unfortunately it is much easier to subtract than to consult Table 56.This has led to
    the problem that it is no longer obvious which density is used:

    the density

    WCF.

    or the

    4.Unit Conversion.
    Units can be easily interchanged by using the approprtate table from petroleum measurements Table Vol XI "Entry with API" or Vol XII "Entry with Relative Density".
    It is extremely important however to be aware of the following fact: "Like can only be
    compared with like".

    Comparasion between volumes and capacities must be done at the same temperature.

    5.Cargo Calculations.
    5.1 Metric system.
    Schematic layout of calculations.
    I

    Observed density

    Density @ 15C
    in vacuo

    \fI(CF in

    air

    II

    I'
    i

    Ullage

    Temperatures

    Waterdip

    UllaQe Tables

    Tt+T~~Tb'Tm

    TOV-H20

    GOV

    (Gross

    m3 observed volume)

    GOV * VCF

    .1

    GSV

    (Gross

    Oil mass

    m3 standardvolume)

    in vacuo

    GSV*density
    @ 15C

    I
    GSV

    r--

    Weight in MT

    Notes:

    . Given:

    TOV

    GSV
    MT

    Free Water.
    "

    H2O
    MT
    -ROB/OBO MT
    TCV
    MT

    GSV

    m3

    +H20
    -ROB/OBO
    TCV
    m3

    :1

    Temperature and Observed Density


    I
    ;~ "' "
    ..!
    A ~T
    ..! "
    aiIr I nI IV,
    I (anU In
    I '- T II " e'" de U )
    2) weight in vacuo ( = oil mass)
    Tabies used: 53A - 56 54A
    - The relationship between barreis and cubic meters is very precise if same
    temperatures are used"
    1 Bbl = 0.158987 m3 1 m3 = 6.28981 Bbls
    - Temperatures: see "Calculating Representative Cargotemperatures".
    - Free water: m3 x 1.025 = MT (if seawater)

    oI +
    \ "'
    h+
    - Can'LJh e "v a l",
    'vU'. a ed " 1J YVelg II.

    Examole :

    "

    .'"
    "'

    '

    - TOV: 100000m3 at 30C Density: 0.8520 at 15C


    VCF from Tab!e 54A: 0.9873
    t

    WCF from Table 56 : 0.8509


    100000 x 0.9873:;; 98730 m3

    - GSV:;;

    - Weight in vacuo = 98730 x 0.8520"= 84117.96 MT (= oil mass)


    - Weight in air = 98730 x 0.8509 = 84009.36 MT
    General remark concefT\jng metric calculations:
    In the metric system both weight in air and weight in vacuo can be easily calculated.
    But this can lead to confusion if calculation form is not clearly labelled.
    Table 53A:
    Table 54A:
    Table 56:

    Generalized crude oils.Correction of observed density to density 15C,


    Generalized crude oil.Correctionof volume to 15C(againstdensity at 15C).
    Kilogram per liter at 15C and liters at 15C per MT against density at 15C,

    5.2 American system.


    Schematic layout of calculations:

    API

    WCFin

    air

    UlJage

    Temperatures

    Waterdip

    Ullaqe Tables
    Tt + Tm + Tb= Tm
    3
    TOV *6.28981
    m3

    Free H2O
    m3
    MT
    LT
    *6.28981
    Bbls

    Bbls

    6A

    TOV-H20

    GOV
    Bbls

    GOV*VCF
    GSV
    Bbls @ 60F

    GSV*WCF (LT/Bbl

    GSV
    Weight in LT

    in air

    = T.11 MT/Bbl = T.13)

    GSV
    LT
    H2O
    LT
    -ROB/OBQ LT
    TCV
    LT

    GSV
    Bbl
    +H20
    Bbl
    -ROB/OBO Bbl
    TCV
    Bbl

    ,
    Notes:

    - Temperature: see" Calculating Representative Cargotemperatures".


    - Oil weight is calculated ( weight in air) : oil mass can only be calculated by
    converting API to density and to preform the metric system calculation.
    - For calculations in LT table II must be consulted for calculations in metric ton
    table 13.
    - If in LT the free water must also be converted to L1. ( LT = MT x 1.016047)
    - The calculations for LT are the most accurate.

    Exam~
    - TOV = 100000 m3
    . - TOV = 628981 Bbls at 86F

    API 34,49

    - VCF from Table 6A : 0.9877


    - WCF from Table 11 : 0.13309
    - WCF from Table 13: 0.13520

    - GSV = 628981 x 0..9877 = 621244.54 Bbls


    - Weight in air= 621244.54 x 0.13309 = 82681.4 LT
    = 621244.54 x 0.13520 = 83992.3 MT

    (If formula for LT / MT conversion is being used, a tonnage of 84008.2 MT is found a


    difference of about 16 MT)
    Used
    . as auide:
    .

    - Essomarine

    conversion tables and charts.

    - BP publicationof Lionel Downer.


    - Shell publication Januari 1980 Cargo Calculations.

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