Vanhoozer has written several notable books, including The Drama of Doctrine: A Canonical-Linguistic Approach to Christian Theology,[1] which won the Christianity Today 2006 Book Award for best book in theology, and Faith Speaking Understanding: Performing the Drama of Doctrine,[1] which won the Christianity Today 2015 Book Award for best book in theology. He has edited several others, including the Gold Medallion Book Award winner Dictionary for Theological Interpretation of the Bible,[5] The Cambridge Companion to Postmodern Theology, and, with Charles A. Anderson and Michael J. Sleasman, Everyday Theology: How to Read Cultural Texts and Interpret Trends.
In his work Is There a Meaning in this Text?, Vanhoozer gives an in depth response to the challenges of Deconstructionism to biblical hermeneutics. Primarily, he engages the thinking of Jacques Derrida, but Stanley Fish and Richard Rorty also receive attention. Vanhoozer develops a theory of communicative action which relies strongly on the speech-act theory of J. L. Austin and in which a biblical text is seen as a communicative act involving "locutions" (the text itself), "illocutions" (the stance of the author to the locution, e.g. questioning, asserting, promising, etc.) and "perlocutions" (the goals that the author hopes to accomplish through the text).
Among the conclusions that Vanhoozer draws from viewing a text as a communicative act are the involvement of the author, text, and reader in the process of interpretation. The intended meaning of the author can be discerned to a certain degree from the text. The text (langue and parole) is not an arbitrary "playground" but part of a covenantal relationship between all people. As a result the intention of the author can be adequately decoded. Another consequence is that the reader/interpreter has a responsibility to honor the intentions of the author and try to interpret the text in a way which re-creates the author's intended meaning. This responsibility is coupled with a freedom to determine the significance in the context of the interpreter's community.
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Doctrine Man and Sin - Kevin Van Hoozer
Vanhoozer has written several notable books, including The Drama of Doctrine: A Canonical-Linguistic Approach to Christian Theology,[1] which won the Christianity Today 2006 Book Award for best book in theology, and Faith Speaking Understanding: Performing the Drama of Doctrine,[1] which won the Christianity Today 2015 Book Award for best book in theology. He has edited several others, including the Gold Medallion Book Award winner Dictionary for Theological Interpretation of the Bible,[5] The Cambridge Companion to Postmodern Theology, and, with Charles A. Anderson and Michael J. Sleasman, Everyday Theology: How to Read Cultural Texts and Interpret Trends.
In his work Is There a Meaning in this Text?, Vanhoozer gives an in depth response to the challenges of Deconstructionism to biblical hermeneutics. Primarily, he engages the thinking of Jacques Derrida, but Stanley Fish and Richard Rorty also receive attention. Vanhoozer develops a theory of communicative action which relies strongly on the speech-act theory of J. L. Austin and in which a biblical text is seen as a communicative act involving "locutions" (the text itself), "illocutions" (the stance of the author to the locution, e.g. questioning, asserting, promising, etc.) and "perlocutions" (the goals that the author hopes to accomplish through the text).
Among the conclusions that Vanhoozer draws from viewing a text as a communicative act are the involvement of the author, text, and reader in the process of interpretation. The intended meaning of the author can be discerned to a certain degree from the text. The text (langue and parole) is not an arbitrary "playground" but part of a covenantal relationship between all people. As a result the intention of the author can be adequately decoded. Another consequence is that the reader/interpreter has a responsibility to honor the intentions of the author and try to interpret the text in a way which re-creates the author's intended meaning. This responsibility is coupled with a freedom to determine the significance in the context of the interpreter's community.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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9 Human being, individual and social
‘Know hy Socrates exhortation argent, ad problemi 8
urgent becausethe uaa ee tthe dawn ofthe thin, lh
tinge denis ofthe Cviatanpaadign and tbe ak up of mode,
allering rom collective entity eri problematic because it dems
{heimpossibl sins to know one tly volves knowing moran
Sel Humans the sfmterpreting animals have novels espn
tothe chalagewithcreattyand rest svng os kaowlede Deg
sconeptslschemes sdcalarl worksalhe
Whats hattow erin? fain)
To what extent i man’ the proper study not only of mankind
[Aleander Pape suggested, bt of thcalogy aswel? Theological ath
gy fers adisinveand decisive perspectiveon the ssf what tmnt
tobebuman-aquestion folie controversy andone whose anew ht
ide seaching consequences atony for theundestandig butloo
ocx of bars being: for debates aboot genetic eginering hua
‘hts cology emily, eestion and pli Theta of Chri hl
ogy sto cay whats dsinivey elo nis ccount of persons
do formulatecrteiafor whats utbenially Chistian ns ecount
human being
‘Theological anthropology: method and sigifieance
For al hoc borrowings from philosophy, vicwlly none of he ex
Christian theologian fet obliged to adhere Yo Soeats peincphe
Ihuman cesture enjoys neither metaphysical noe methodol pie
plc: humanity comer second both inthe order ofbsing and inthe ref
Inoing Augustine’ famous prayer —ourhearsarereessuni they ie
he restinthe’ “expresses en sense of humanly srintaton ova
Homan binging cial #59
(Gal The homan ratte comes secondo God both nthe ode of being
(uel, creation) and inthe onder of knoe nately, elton) The
Inman beings metaphysical animal, const by dei for wha i
peter than te, for ukimate reality. Jhn Calvin develops Agustin’
night into a methodologeal st princpe: "Without knowledge of Go
‘here sno knowledge ofl” Medea and Reforsed tela 2 ell
thee reeds ad confessions, typi plac thi dios of tio:
telogy fe thedotine of Go. Theol athropolgy san imp and
sevatv, not explicit and foundational doctrine. Weonly reach the stage
Ww thologiaanthropelegy when we len tht mas is being who ba 6
\owthGod orather whenweafirmthat Gods theonewhohartadanith
aman bring, The primary sources fr casa Christin thinking sbout
Juan being aethe doctrine of God andthe book Genesis
‘Modern thology, a the wake th tun toward the subject by ene
Descartes and mane Kat, eversed Cali's mas: thre eno kon
Ineo Ga excep though knonlege of lt Thee neti an ead
tad rght nse st spel Nan man subject acquires founda
nal ats: the doctrine of od becomes an mplton of some pet of
nan being. Friedre Scherache, fr instance conceives of teelagy
Inthe sence of fman) ah rather thi the scence of Co foe Radel
Tulimann theologial statements ar primary sterents about horn
‘xstnce, Moder theology reverse the polaris between Cod and haan
boing: anduopoogy has this become an ‘nnpeset element coelated
itheachofthe major tole pic.
“The unto the naj a ot gone unchallenged in twentieth entry
theolgy oro bein theology byron on hima experince seme
ly texchange one mystery fr anther, Furthermore, though Christan
thelogy cay eae both with Go ad unary, the nv is whether
(Gstian anthropology shouldbe athropocetric rather than heen
av sar nearly etic of modern theloy, charge era heoloy with
‘er geting beyond anthropology. arth mois Calvin's maxim none
‘india espe he maintains that teres no knowledge of Goo sl apart
‘womknowedgeofesusChest In Chris Godrevashi humanity hats,
Nsteing with andor thelurancretueWesnyerefore sy nthe
tke isearaton that humanity is theme of thology notin spite of
wea God ithe theme of tenon sum, thecogeal anthropology i
the atempt to think ough the mesaingaf the uaa try, ius
wom Genesis trough the Gospels othe Apoalpae anda te ved ot
eles with an by Goso KeinVrker
Stories and scence umany-non theo antopeogy
Human este nto bebe try oferen. allo
sedempon ater sores lysis yo looper
strung sg ee ich verona ht hich pi
Teeth ats fates ng omveall ht which eas
wom aher thn atures oc xe ae han af aon
Tenn? White ree een th Chitin ory of man el
“hit vnc of tml sd han ens? On hee
and simply gure wal te art and wens a ent
‘manent he sgl aprepnte eey
{erchvtencenentsto son tale nero atte
tly are A ana spac fr kgs ie
‘oovprate om thedngl spans ec econ ae pt
‘Rint verona ety ta et be depen pes
“clined bene Chrisie
“Pc umtn enrages, rc’ ofthe wet
svt Hum ing aa cso ht x rope oe
“jt hc nant ow, do et ht
sett {pes 5} Oneonta fran hehe open
{ite hm dyn nt cen were key thes
ayant scant hema eng Tyla.
Tehuman eves elton othe ese eral tl bt et
Mocheminey tor gets an adquty eapain oman behav
Freedom Homan action reat er hee more distinct eves of ray
tin thebehoiurl andthe soa Fin on avin and comm
tes epee and the pital tno posible understand cultural
trodawithesepoies taken from the ps scenes; th stay of hun
ects inedible tote language of ater in maton,
Human beings are at ony wetet bt sapiet, alent ony tsve
sensation and experiences bu to esc and Interpret them. Wb
“Intingiser homo sapiens from ober restr 1 tational. Ely
‘nner pliosophers agreed with Atte: 0 be human is to be #
‘atonal animal The Elightrmentpreaecupton with what sven
in the harman condition was lnfiebced both by the esi Ciisin
‘ew that what define umanity 6 the sul aes than the boy a
{he conviction tat eas cold be wed to define the esence of the ain
simul,
In he nineteenth century, the new Tuma scenes calenged the
Enlightenment vew that there is single universal human nate
‘Whatever le sen anthropelagy esters ti min the conviction
hat en unmodited by the cstoms of particu plas do nt ko fc
‘xis. The dsovery that human being is mrtard in dparte itr
‘onterts had a temendous iuct on the concep of humanity man an
‘mal suspended in web of signa he rst hi spon *Culte
‘nesuch web. WithelDithy iggstedthat, wheteasthe stra scenes
‘okt explain th wold by formulating asa, the human scenes
‘eekto understand una ig isereeting what individuals and socie
ties heve doe, Life~ both individ! and corporate — ea text clue a
fie document. Soil anthropoogts find ill to dow hee
tween what sunvesaland necessary inthehuman condition and whats
ony conventional and aritrary. Cala anthropoognts offer tick
scion’ of ealtres ands determine the range of th variety of the
aman species Ii only by charting he Mistral cers finda:
tars thatone eventually gine tsp what rete praeters tht eine
aman nature Testud caltue provides thelink beeen what men are
Inns eapableof becoming andthe actully oe by on,
poner)
‘The ars represent another stati for responding Sorte adm
ton, Haran beings are selFiterpreing animals The humanities’ express
‘wth the unveslsand the uniqueness, the constants andthe contingencies
ot bum selfhood. Literature ea nbostary wher authors sty the
thunan contin by exploring the panoply oFhiman pres Atte
ald prtryo conse universal rathandthstoe mote owophil han
iso Painters, sina seek elfanderstanding though el porta,
erbrands works thas ben sid. porrythe whole Frotestan doctrine
una being is perhaprin music abore alta humanity exes fee
‘oo and explreit pit Melodie at the speme mystery of ma nd
have the ower to mend or end the ern ways ae eal by
prychology or physi alle” Bras fourth ynphony, forename tkes
so the very theshold of transcendence nd the tela ado other
etc and piel redone ofthe man orton
Anincoberent sory?
According the novelist Walker Percy, the conventional windomfthe
‘went century abou human being cots wo major components th
tne owing to madern sen, the other representing rahe teategy of Christa ith On the one and, we understand human bing
smorganiem nan envionment ecslogcal unit. endowed geet
ke oer organs ith needs and drives’ onthe he and, we view
humans ‘tobe srebow endowed with crea eer wigue properties.
certain alien ight, reason feed nd ante iit Psy
‘edie that mon educated Westerners would sent ath propos.
‘ttt these two propositions takentogebeaeradialincoeret
increasingly ari phlsopy and gener clr alike tha person
has become an endangered cee. Modern thore of he self on
ekdelanderstenng
While eens acouns of human being may be provisional wl
Jocomplets, he philosopher’ ses tug wth the ea incerence
‘hai eubject mater, Al sale eit arous Kinds of behaviour,
nonesopuadosicl atthe human Allrestuesbaveanintinct or se
tony the man restr tks otha rik. Al estes rat
tut only the human creature dreams of immorality. Only humans a
‘publ bf war and pace, petra pornography rationality nde
eception, greatness and pttines, bri ad vilsny. The challenge
hlosophicalsthopoogyeto aceon abet concept he
both for our optmiam abut humanity’ cetve posses and ap
lim abot many’ destuctve ote
‘Several pstnoeen thinkers deny that thereisany Exe human mt
anu qustin whether hom spies i realy rational ama Mit
Foucault hs rushed like FidichNictace' madman nt the il
square to announce notte death of Go the dest of Man. The au
autonomous Knowing soe does not order experience ational aKa
Imstakely thought; on the contr, the subjects expeince ordered)
the pevlng cara ed sop ces Whatley called ow
is not merely pid bt power.‘Man the ovetegnsubjctof knows
nly a ecent invention» The knowing subject ony a pron of ii
‘onal power: The human clences shuld therefore be veplced by cara
suis nd elo critique
The hun reste spears inherently stable tne eng whine
cexstence prado othe modern mind and an open seston tthe
postmodern. From atheolgal perspective, however, the diproprt
fr fain that theses op human being apart i nt that of by
tnd soul, nor fide and nity, but ater the teson bet hs
‘menand women were orginally restodanddestinedtobe onthe ea,
and whattheyhave actully bcome, on theothe- Theta anol
ssn this content, intimately elated othe oepl othe God News that
Inman fe ie not meaninglese When the Sprit of God ministers the
Word of God, the seifanderstunding of man knot eliminated bat
enews ened around, ought ito «new detion and under 3 new
lds
‘Christian anrpologis fie that both the epi nd the ending
the uma try, bat the origin and destiny of human ing, ate
Instly ob undertone ight of the teane Gols creting deeming
nd satiny
Maman origins: source ofthe self
Thre indietve statements alate rom Genesis the book of bag
ngs’ ~ form the leading themes in Christan refecton sou human
beings Theological anthropology begins wih these statements offhand
seeks teoghrellestion, ester understanding
eng inthe mage of od
Seder nhisn image. (ens 27)
(Crna ground their afiration of han digi and personhood
Inthe special eemblinc fth nan cretoetots Creator, Yet fat what
iistobeinGor'simage saat ofvome thelial dip sth mage
Desomethinghumans have door ace? Tobelnthe mag eters so
Imani unique capac fo communion with God. With regard all
ther restr, Cd sid, Lett be bt the creation of ua bing i pe
luce by din deliberation: Let ur make’ Al oer reste wee made
scrordng to same ere ptr afer hei Kn!) bt he human rs
turer made after he vn pater in orien), Being inthe image
fGoddistnguishes the human ceature from allothasand endershuman
‘istenceinilbl Genesis 926,
rene the et Church Father toler asystematicdscusion of the
nage De drew a distinction beeen image’ and Tikes He soggrtod
‘hat the former refers to huey natura atonal and rot epaces
whl theater eters tote spa aspect of he husnan con hat had
Ue os tough sia bat estore hag race The for ofthe human
‘onsets chi non ntti! capacities, the matter ofthe human
!nay be sinfal or holy, depending on the exten 10 which one recovers the164 Kevin Vanier
rset athe Fl Augutine smi lated the human analogy tal
interns ofthe indo sb though be developed postion onthe bal
‘isnterpreation ofthe Tit. Human being bas certain vestiges ofthe
‘Tent Let ur mak’ vestiges which Aagustine fn in the humans,
namely, the init’ of meray, nelgene and will Angin’ yen
Tog enlgythogh oe in the Tein, tends towards omnes nis
‘concept of Godan tarsus ns nauingethopolgy Thi
Interpretation thea athe set oftheir toda the normative
‘win Western thoogy oni moder ines.
Fite creatrlybeing
lo mnt ete round nd brated
‘Stet hereto id nec ing ing. (Can)
Human ting le 4 paycho physi cretur an embodied sou ot
ensued bd That the sory af uthan origins cuts othe context ofc
tin ngewe ugzests that human, ke being in genet re dependent
forther energy snd mater oa source ther than themselves This depen
dence Go etx compieaton but the theme of he human soy, mi
degeneration bt the orginal condition of humankind Pinte im
1 problem thats to besoledby eligi AndGodsaywhathe ha ma
fd bol wa ery god (Gnesi 13) The letatons and ges
Of human existence and the created onder shoud ot be rece 8c
‘ants but cepted a enabling conditions orindvidal nd scl bly
1 human beings no Tonge fel at he i the worl not bea
the world tan appropri exvconmett, bt rather Deca the hve
polled i, nd themselves, by refusing the divine intention behind the
‘rested onder
‘Clase theology, despite tsacknowlsgement of he goodness
in, tended, under the influence of Nepltoais and eter Hellenistic
oncptal schemes opviege the soul ove the body. dualism of bly
‘nd sa nh th to were thought ob separate hough related sub
ances evenly invaded Civitan anthropology The rial su
which God best int human being, wa considered he perio par
‘hehuman constitution Inded fe Augustine the sou images Cod when
overne the boy by sing a a natruent of knowing wll a
Toving tthe nv ni pt testa corresponds th
one Gone dvin sovereignty.
Haman binging ond soil 65
Sucosenul bong
{soon atm one ake Rape fram
(eon)
This thd indicative sentence ae tht huang elation in
vy tha the other restore ae not Ser dferntstion ad elation ae
Ite dhan mtr of bly When mans are hog to ks Gy
ite of thie rains sul, however, the differences between the exes
lends not be though thal sguicant The history ofthe ure’
"hnking aout the txy-sulrelatin tered wth ely ate
temards uta sen Petia medleval writers with some exp
None, condemned the sens peste of sexual intercourse and made
twacy mandatory for ery. Yet Adan loneliness in the absence of
Temule parte indies the sacl, ot merely se, character ofthe
lene between ale and feral
Haman destiny destinations the self
‘Whats God's fl purpose forthe aman crest? fhe deine the
‘rae end of uma ifthe go Ife, then we cul ay hat thre etal
Inperaives alow fom the thee preceding indeatve statement. These
\mperatives guide human striving ae ke the effort to exe and ee
sardesie tobe
Theimageofthe Son rightcousess
onthe ne mtr ented ens of olin ergot
dines pba)
“The image of Gad concerns not only human origins bt ako human
dein, or Marin Lather and Jon Clin, the imag Dis er amaterof
sti properties than ofa dynumicotentatin ofthe whole person towards
(God Sin taro the nan reatre ay rm tee destiny with od and
lends the horan creature n pom el, Calvin coatinsst ident the
‘ago De with the so, st insist that he aa has beeme corp. The
ttattage of Go ise ool ness Chistes the image f theme
Gol Canina 1:1); he “asthe very sump of Kt (Go's) nate”
(brewer 3 Lhe cal em ‘Go proper nan’ hrs the toe image
Df hamanity ‘mankind's destiny in Chet e pecely the fruton of
‘uid eign in Chit The Gist ‘thea imperative =p onthe
‘ew mature crete fe the Het of Godin true gheouses thos
acer integration, or beter, entra: became wht YOu are In
(hist become tralyhiman. Bernuth sintering elects in,‘eteguaton (personal and interperona)slessaghenofatre than yl
oferace.
‘The creton-cultral mandate: work
el anda ndlilhecath anda, C8)
“The econ etal innperatie is known athe creation, or cll
smandote The human erature, by and sou mist cvs both naire
{nd spin In order o become ‘octet’ of ceceeny whorl wrt
‘eston on God's hal Adan’ nating of te ails inevience ois
‘ominon over them Genesis 39-2) However, the Genes doe
"ate tha dominion s eth image, bu rithms hat one
‘quence of humanity’ being In Go's image, Moreover, fr fr le
‘hat humankind’ dominion over ature shod eal naa of pone
aber than are pace.
ne fri nd malhpy” Mas stiny i tobe 3 communal ing,
inhabit and shape the oil ar wells the natural word Thi the cori
siontoesblhclilsaton and develop Ged going ature Cla
{sa orm of series ply in which men and wore, joning together
rule governed cin comet share a wor Human beings srt
tive meaning to everyday fe trough such sta ‘ply In soc,
poitesandeven elon Thehurantas, nb werkad ply sto
‘henatural and vocal wold But towhat end?
Werhipand wedding: recta fast
‘ayaa ys ator da rt on
ori 10333,
‘TheChistian uy isa sated piy‘tthecenter of whichis the sappet
Uhatsursp the minty sd det of eur anlink th crete ality
Iman beings anther ail fe wth their exchatlogi destiny Th
las wordtesaiconcerningthemraningofbumanlfeandofhuman dew
tiny is not work but ether west ~ and feast The Westmister Shorter
Catechisn,in response to the opening queso, What the cil end
tun? envers to lary Gano enjoy bi ever: Humans gly
(Godin they eit in ight reltonships with hee nota enone
wth theleellow human restr with the opps sex an with God. Ow
‘destiny i tobe the Ht of create tat Gd een tobe; only the
shall we tit the crested oder and agents of harmony ether than dn
‘pion. Human beings ae not the heroes ofthe iman soy fr har
leniny snot antrop but thecetr, Mans destined a praise Cod ™
eather
tna eng indi ond act 167
Seiptue pictures humanity's enjoyment of Godin terms of sabbath
set (lbrows 439-10) and inter of «wedges Revelation 3) As
‘bath rest completes God's erent activity, 50 reuretion completes
(Goa work a ne eeation. The end of he tory ofthe human reste
sevcpatedin eu resurrection and compltedatthe DayafheLad when
{Mthings nol the buon bea fd her roper retin God tot
‘ed for cetiont be lone’ The goodness ofthe mariage reltinship
‘kicedin Genesis animageoftheteendofthehimancrestareaa the
Ina far athe casi nation ofthe persona a nda rational
subetance was scare rite pd inal abandoned, the modern ond
yestodeen chapttsofthe humanstor ae best recanted underthe rari
theses allo the sujet
Devas privatise the sl by claming that objet and certainty 1
could be bad by subject who koe thrown minds Kant Secuaised the
subject by protiming an atonomaur Enowee and doc. The kaon
subject odes the world experiences with ctoorierof theoretical esa
"he moral sib oder it freedom with caer of patil reson
Human conscbasness is alenstiating and human Teadom is self
‘termining hamans re sutonomows individuals abe ougheason ond
(redomto transcend toy, try andere Theale and destiny othe
human person beam in modernity human afi, = mater of sale
‘transcendence Modern hikers sought to esis he dgnity and value of
human persnbood frm below that i, independently af appeals tothe
vine The ssondamaniat Maifet’ 3973) declares ‘we begin with
tumansnot God nate not dey nls that moral valuesderive het
source fom human experienc Yet the autonomous sf bor with such
fanfare in modeaity, has increasingly come to be seen a ition, if ot
(at fhe Enghtenment
Aknowing subject?
‘fe vt objections concerns the sutonomy ofthe nang abject.
lighten thinkers believed in the ratonalty ofthe human race. AS
‘ant acknoledge however human istry doesnot actualy confi this
‘misc aay. In he light ofthe phenomenon fra ev, what168 KevtnVonhorer
rant thee that the ration animal wl cntnoe tows red
“atonal tats forthe good? Given the evident coupon ofhunan fi
om, Kant oud only hope hat the end of history woul be atonal Fe
(CWE Heel history i ul the fling of Get (Spi) aman fe
om, embodied in clue and scion, develops with rata
neces. Soren Kekeguardon the ther hand, sa ee nee ner
radial contingency, the dying power of the ‘ctherar™ The sll
‘nfnshed and mart choot ual new atevery moment Human bing bn
ieregarsaconsitutionaly risky projet Fr the existentialist heist
Kierkegaard, the problem of conrete bung (existence) kes precede
‘over propositions soutaaract being (essen) Inthe ight of cals
‘trical existence the cassction of human bring a the ronal ai
sppearsomeeat low fot perverse
‘farther ebjeton tothe notion ofthe autonomous ower anc
the pela conception of only to which i gue ie, Tobia
‘objective’ isto poston oneal ver again the world‘ there’ Res
tecomes an instrument of the raj’ wil power, understand
becomes a mans of gaining conto ver some aspet of natural, Fs,
realy. Knowledge form of mast. Even fends of madera hive
found t necasary to question this notion of knowlege. The pho
urge lseras for stanee, notes tw config tendencies, both
fmm ss with one another, that follow fom this sobjetcer
‘esson of ational: the one hand, moder thinkers have prota
‘heukinatevaluean ghtsfthe individual onthe oer thesaceasigy
technological hart of iatrumentl reason, which teat ares of ie
‘eins that requiterational management tends cnsto the value
{ndiidalin tems fir her fmction
ationaly inthe modern paraign thus appears asa statey lor
suing, inetesing and securing power ver olla ~ un at wt
human. Siete Enonledge ‘dominating Knowledge in grep th
worl we appropriate it i ursees Tere sade orelton betwee
the Careslansbje-objct dichotomy andthe contemporary ecologa
tts, The noon ofthe autonomous Kaower this ends up deptsing th
Iman creature ot dignity and the earthof tty
spiritual subject?
‘Im oedernty’s sry the oman subject i selEconstitting able
take carga sel ofits redor and ts eons With his theme,
sty has efoctvaly pitied and srlariaed he dasa helical ve
Human eng Indian ond soll 169
‘hat pileged soul over bly Searching ceicsms have Ben dete at
\Niseaseept of he autonomous mralsubje aswel
‘ihavouralprychalogins, appeoadng huan being om below;
npetha the besvor ofan ops likemart be placedon the sane
Ibe.” Instnt nd envionment conditioning are the ey hat revel
‘te rinpring of uma behaviour, Freudlanpeyhologits on the ter
hn ontend tha toesplin human behaviour one as to prbe te uncon
‘slows Both chonls age, however tht uma consciousness, that he
wie mental eof the nid, neither autonomous nr ston.
mand Freud work along wither asso suspicion for example,
Ar Marc an redrich Nits), begun deoenting the knowing subject
Inte nineteenth cetry Inthe went cetary, sco bilogit ave
gested that every aspect of ur sacl ves but subplot ina broader
volaonary dea sited by human DNA. The te ory ofthe sli
out human genes tht sek to survve lan enongh treads ARTA
Istorinstanc slope determined strategy by which some genes are
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and nguisic structures. anges Deda ast Mel Foucel i,
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systems by interpreting them ssa expressions of Nietsche' wl
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ton or stable meaning to human being Deri expose al cara
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{n summary: the human story a tldby tradionl Chstaniy was «
vin comedy; an count o how iva human subjects souls
‘ved by God Eighteen thinkers tested the human story in
secular romance: the adventure ofthe human eubjct in wold wh
una ong indian soci 172
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weston which man i andthe ansner which Gd is On the one hand,
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