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Autism Concept Map

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, as well as restrictive and repetitive behaviors. The cause is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors likely contribute. Signs and symptoms vary in severity but include lack of eye contact, avoidance of physical contact, language delays, repetitive behaviors, lack of pretend play, and adherence to routines. Diagnosis is based on criteria in the DSM and is often not made until ages 2-3, though early recognition and intervention can improve outcomes. Nursing care involves structured behavioral programs, positive reinforcement, minimizing distractions, and addressing individual needs.

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1K views2 pages

Autism Concept Map

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, as well as restrictive and repetitive behaviors. The cause is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors likely contribute. Signs and symptoms vary in severity but include lack of eye contact, avoidance of physical contact, language delays, repetitive behaviors, lack of pretend play, and adherence to routines. Diagnosis is based on criteria in the DSM and is often not made until ages 2-3, though early recognition and intervention can improve outcomes. Nursing care involves structured behavioral programs, positive reinforcement, minimizing distractions, and addressing individual needs.

Uploaded by

api-286043563
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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GillianChurch

MedicalDefinition:
Autismspectrumdisordersarecomplex
neurodevelopmentaldisordersof
unknownetiologycomposedof
qualitativealterationsinsocial
interactionandverbalimpairmentwith
repetitive,restricted,andstereotype
behavioralpatterns.(Wongp.590)

Autism SpectrumDisorders(ASD)
Etiology:
Thecauseofautismspectrumdisordersisunknown.
Researchersareinvestigatinganumberoftheories,
includingalinkbetweenhereditary,genetic,andmedical
[Link](e.g.,viral
infections)mayinteractwithgeneticsusceptibilityto
[Link]
haveabnormalEEGs,epilepticseizures,delayed
developmentofhanddominance,persistaenceofprimitive
reflexes,metabolicabnormalities,cerebellarvermal
hypoplasia,andinfantileabnormalheadenlargement.
Between516%ofboyswithASDarepositiveforthe
[Link]
ofrecurrenceofASDinfamilieswithoneaffectedchild.
Severalgeneshavebeensuggestedaspossiblecausative
[Link]
[Link]
retrospectivelytieditwithprenatalandperinataleventslike
motherandfatheragesover40year,uterinebleeding
duringpregnancy,lowApgarscores,fetaldistress,and
neonatalhyperbilirubinemia.(Wongp.590591)

AssociatedConditions:

NursingCare:

FragileXsyndrome;Tuberous
sclerosis;Metabolicdisorders;Fetal
rubellasyndrome;Hflumeningitis;
Structuralbrainanomalies
(Wongp.591)

Highlystructuredandintensivebehaviormodification
programs;Slowlyintroducenewsituations;Promote
positivereinforcement;Increasesocialawarenessof
others;Decreaseunacceptablebehaviors;Takeextra
carewhengivingmedicationsandfeeding;Encourage
parentstobringpossessionstheyareattachedtowhen
theyarehospitalized;Avoidextraneousauditoryand

31615
Signs&Symptoms:
ASDhavevaryingdegrees,rangingfrommildtosevereforms,
[Link]
possiblemanifestationsinclude:
Inabilitytomaintaineyecontact;Avoidanceofbodycontact;
Languagedelay,repetitiveuseoflanguage;Displaylimited
functionalplayandmayinteractwithtoysinanunusualorodd
manner;Lackofmakebelieveplay;Constipation;Lackofsocial
oremotionalreciprocity;Lackofspontaneousseekingtoshare
enjoyment,interests,orachievementswithothers;Inflexible
adherencetospecificroutinesorrituals;Stereotypedand
repetitivemotormannerisms;Persistentpreoccupationwithparts
ofanobject.(Wongp.591)

Pathophysiology:Currentlyunknown

Diagnosis:
Earlyrecognition,referral,diagnosis
andintensiveearlyinterventiontendto
improveoutcomesforchildrenwith
[Link]
madeuntil23yearsaftersymptomsare
firstrecognized,whichisbasedonthe
diagnosticcriteriainDSM.

visualdistractions;Giveconcisedirections;
Communicatewithchildsdevelopmentlevel,brief,
andconcrete;Providestructuralroutineforchildto
follow;Useprivateroomtodecreasestimulation;
RecognizeallchildrenwithASDarenotthesameand
requireindividualassessmentandtreatment;Minimal
holdingandeyecontacttoavoidbehavioraloutbursts;
Teachverbalcommunicationskills;Keepvisitswith
staffcaregiversshortwhenpossible.(Wongp.593)

References:
Wongp.590593

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