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Understanding '-ING' Adjectives

This document discusses '-ing' adjectives and categorizes them into two types: those describing an effect and those describing a process or state. Adjectives describing an effect relate to transitive verbs and describe how something affects feelings or ideas. They can be used attributively or predicatively and take modifiers like 'very' or comparatives. Adjectives describing a process relate intransitive verbs and classify ongoing processes over time without modifiers. Some '-ing' adjectives are unrelated to verbs or are formed from verbs and prefixes.

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364 views11 pages

Understanding '-ING' Adjectives

This document discusses '-ing' adjectives and categorizes them into two types: those describing an effect and those describing a process or state. Adjectives describing an effect relate to transitive verbs and describe how something affects feelings or ideas. They can be used attributively or predicatively and take modifiers like 'very' or comparatives. Adjectives describing a process relate intransitive verbs and classify ongoing processes over time without modifiers. Some '-ing' adjectives are unrelated to verbs or are formed from verbs and prefixes.

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May Link
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  • Introduction to '-ING' Adjectives: Introduces the concept of '-ING' adjectives and their relationship to verbs.
  • Characteristics of '-ING' Adjectives: Explains how '-ING' adjectives relate to present participles and how they are used.
  • Describing Categories: Outlines the categories of describing an effect and describing a process.
  • Form and Meaning of '-ING' Adjectives: Discusses the form and origin of '-ING' adjectives, indicating they are not always verb-related.

-ING ADJECTIVES

PREPARED BY: TAN MEI LING

-ING ADJECTIVES
Related in form to the present participles of verbs Sometimes are called as participial adjectives

e.g: He is a charming guy among the others.

-ING ADJECTIVES

DESCRIBING AN EFFECT

DESCRIBING A PROCESS OR STATE

DESCRIBING AN EFFECT
Describe the effect that something has on your feelings and ideas Or on the feelings and ideas of people in general e.g: a warm welcoming smile

Normally qualitative adjectives, means that they can be used with a submodifier, and have comparatives and superlatives
e.g: a very exciting idea one of the most boring books Ive ever read

Can be used in attributive or predicative position e.g: They can still show amazing loyalty to their parents.
The present situation is terrifying.

Have related to transitive verb to describe the way someone is affected by something
e.g: a disgusting guy. a surprising number. a frightening night.

DESCRIBING A PROCESS OR STATE

Describe a process or state that continues over a period of time e.g: a life of increasing labour and decreasing leisure.

Are classifying adjectives, not used with ordinary submodifiers. Adjectives used to identify a process can be submodified by adverbs which describe the speed with which the process hppens. e.g: rapidly rising productivity

FORM AND MEANING


Sometimes -ing adjectives are not related to verbs at all. e.g: Whole families came from neighbouring villages.

Some adjectives are derived from a verb and prefix. e.g: Wouldnt that cause delay in outgoing mail? Other example: incoming, outstanding

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