Planning for pregnancy is a thrilling milestone, but ensuring good health for both parents and baby is the first step toward a smooth journey. Pre-pregnancy health checks are vital as they uncover potential risks, genetic predispositions, and health issues that might impact conception or the baby’s well-being.
To understand what tests are essential to take before planning pregnancy, OnlyMyHealth team interacted with Dr Chetna Jain, Director of the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology at Cloudnine Group of Hospitals, Gurugram, emphasises the importance of preparing in advance:
"Pre-conception counselling and tests not only ensure a healthy pregnancy but also minimise the risk of complications for both the mother and baby. It's about starting on the right foot," says Dr Jain.
Here are five essential tests to consider before planning a pregnancy:
1. Genetic Carrier Screening
Purpose:
This test identifies whether one or both parents carry genes for inherited disorders like cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anaemia, or Tay-Sachs disease.
Why It’s Important:
Understanding Genetic Risks: If both parents are carriers of the same genetic mutation, there’s a 25% chance of passing the condition to their child.
Informed Choices: Knowing the risks allows couples to consider options like IVF with genetic testing.
How It’s Done:
A blood or saliva sample is used, and results are best interpreted with a genetic counsellor.
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2. Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Purpose:
This routine test checks components of blood, such as haemoglobin and platelets, to detect anaemia or infections.
Why It’s Important:
Preventing Anaemia: Low haemoglobin can lead to fatigue, low birth weight, or preterm birth.
Boosting Immunity: A healthy immune system reduces infection risks during pregnancy.
How It’s Done:
A simple blood draw, followed by treatments like iron supplements if deficiencies are found.
3. Thyroid Function Test
Purpose:
Measures levels of thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, T4) to evaluate thyroid gland health.
Why It’s Important:
Impact on Fertility: Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can disrupt ovulation in women and sperm quality in men.
Preventing Complications: Untreated thyroid issues can cause miscarriage, developmental delays, or preterm birth.
How It’s Done:
Blood tests assess thyroid hormone levels, and imbalances are managed with medications.
Also read: What Is The Blood Culture Test For Diagnosing Infections?
4. Rubella Immunity Test
Purpose:
Determines immunity to rubella (German measles), which can harm foetal development.
Why It’s Important:
Preventing Congenital Rubella Syndrome: This condition causes severe birth defects like deafness, heart abnormalities, and intellectual disabilities.
Vaccination Planning: If immunity is low, parents can receive the MMR vaccine before conceiving.
How It’s Done:
A blood test checks for rubella antibodies. If needed, a booster shot is given, with a one-month waiting period before trying to conceive.
5. STI Screening
Purpose:
Tests for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, HIV, and hepatitis B and C.
Why It’s Important:
Reducing Transmission: Many STIs can pass from mother to baby, causing serious health problems.
Preserving Fertility: Untreated STIs can lead to infertility in women and health issues in men.
How It’s Done:
Blood and urine tests detect infections, which can often be treated effectively before conception.
Additional Pre-Pregnancy Tips
Dr Jain also highlights lifestyle adjustments:
"Start taking prenatal vitamins, especially folic acid, at least a month before conception to prevent neural tube defects. A healthy diet and lifestyle play a key role too," she advises.
Maintain a Balanced Diet: Include essential nutrients for reproductive health.
Eliminate Harmful Substances: Avoid alcohol, smoking, and recreational drugs.
Manage Chronic Conditions: Work closely with a doctor to control conditions like diabetes or hypertension.
Conclusion
Pre-pregnancy tests like genetic screening, CBC, thyroid function, rubella immunity, and STI screening provide crucial insights into parental health. By addressing potential issues early, parents can optimise their chances of a healthy pregnancy and baby. “It’s about being proactive and informed. These steps set the stage for a healthier pregnancy and a happier family," concludes Dr Jain.