MeSH

Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.

Year introduced: 2004 (1974)

Animals considered to be wild or feral or not adapted for domestic use. It does not include wild animals in zoos for which ANIMALS, ZOO is available.

Year introduced: 1987(1978)

Therapy animals visit hospitals, nursing homes, hospices, schools, and other places where people may be facing health challenges or stressors to provide an emotional or mental health benefit by their presence. They may also be used to assist physical and occupational therapists. Therapy animals are generally registered, trained, and screened, but are not covered by laws as are service animals.

Year introduced: 2021

Animals that have been trained to do work or perform tasks for an individual with a disability. The task(s) performed by the animal must be directly related to the person's disability. Emotional support, therapy, comfort, or companion animals are not considered service animals under the Americans With Disabilities Act.(www.ada.gov/regs2010/service_animal_qa.html, accessed 3/31/2020)

Year introduced: 2021

Animals produced by the mating of progeny over multiple generations. The resultant strain of animals is virtually identical genotypically. Highly inbred animal lines allow the study of certain traits in a relatively pure form. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

Year introduced: 1994

Animal population groups or individual animals that reside in captivity at a zoological park.

Year introduced: 1968

Animals which have become adapted through breeding in captivity to a life intimately associated with humans. They include animals domesticated by humans to live and breed in a tame condition on farms or ranches for economic reasons, including LIVESTOCK (specifically CATTLE; SHEEP; HORSES; etc.), POULTRY; and those raised or kept for pleasure and companionship, e.g., PETS; or specifically DOGS; CATS; etc.

ANIMALS whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING, or their offspring.

Year introduced: 2002

Animals that are generated from breeding two genetically dissimilar strains of the same species.

Year introduced: 2001

Animals that are produced through selective breeding to eliminate genetic background differences except for a single or few specific loci. They are used to investigate the contribution of genetic background differences to PHENOTYPE.

Year introduced: 1999

Young, unweaned mammals. Refers to nursing animals whether nourished by their biological mother, foster mother, or bottle fed.

Year introduced: 1987(1979)

Animal population groups that produce BIOLOGICAL TOXINS.

Year introduced: 1968

Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.

Animals used or intended for use in research, testing, or teaching.

Animals native to a foreign country or of foreign origin or character, that are not native to the United States.

Year introduced: 2016

Animals kept by humans for companionship and enjoyment, as opposed to DOMESTIC ANIMALS such as livestock or farm animals, which are kept for economic reasons.

Year introduced: 2011

Alternatives to the use of animals in research, testing, and education. The alternatives may include reduction in the number of animals used, replacement of animals with a non-animal model or with animals of a species lower phylogenetically, or refinement of methods to minimize pain and distress of animals used.

Year introduced: 2001

Institutional committees established to protect the welfare of animals used in research and education. The 1971 NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals introduced the policy that institutions using warm-blooded animals in projects supported by NIH grants either be accredited by a recognized professional laboratory animal accrediting body or establish its own committee to evaluate animal care; the Public Health Service adopted a policy in 1979 requiring such committees; and the 1985 amendments to the Animal Welfare Act mandate review and approval of federally funded research with animals by a formally designated Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC).

Year introduced: 2003

The moral and ethical bases of the protection of animals from cruelty and abuse. The rights are extended to domestic animals, laboratory animals, and wild animals.

Year introduced: 1993

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria normally found in the flora of the mouth and respiratory tract of animals and birds. It causes shipping fever (see PASTEURELLOSIS, PNEUMONIC); HEMORRHAGIC BACTEREMIA; and intestinal disease in animals. In humans, disease usually arises from a wound infection following a bite or scratch from domesticated animals.

Year introduced: 1992